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Zerdoug A, Le Vée M, Uehara S, Jamin A, Higuchi Y, Yoneda N, Lopez B, Chesné C, Suemizu H, Fardel O. Drug transporter expression and activity in cryopreserved human hepatocytes isolated from chimeric TK-NOG mice with humanized livers. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105592. [PMID: 37030647 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric mice with humanized liver are thought to represent a sustainable source of isolated human hepatocytes for in vitro studying detoxification of drugs in humans. Because drug transporters are now recognized as key-actors of the hepatic detoxifying process, the present study was designed to characterize mRNA expression and activity of main hepatic drug transporters in cryopreserved human hepatocytes isolated from chimeric TK-NOG mice and termed HepaSH cells. Such cells after thawing were shown to exhibit a profile of hepatic solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter mRNA levels well correlated to those found in cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes or human livers. HepaSH cells used either as suspensions or as 24 h-cultures additionally displayed notable activities of uptake SLCs, including organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), organic anion transporter 2 (OAT2) or sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP). SLC transporter mRNA expression, as well as SLC activities, nevertheless fell in HepaSH cells cultured for 120 h, which may reflect a partial dedifferentiation of these cells with time in culture in the conventional monolayer culture conditions used in the study. These data therefore support the use of cryopreserved HepaSH cells as either suspensions or short-term cultures for drug transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zerdoug
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Marc Le Vée
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 210-0821 Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Agnès Jamin
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Yuichiro Higuchi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 210-0821 Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nao Yoneda
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 210-0821 Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Suemizu
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 210-0821 Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Vlach M, Coppens-Exandier H, Jamin A, Berchel M, Scaviner J, Chesné C, Montier T, Jaffrès PA, Corlu A, Loyer P. Liposome-Mediated Gene Transfer in Differentiated HepaRG™ Cells: Expression of Liver Specific Functions and Application to the Cytochrome P450 2D6 Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233904. [PMID: 36497165 PMCID: PMC9737581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish a procedure for gene delivery mediated by cationic liposomes in quiescent differentiated HepaRG™ human hepatoma cells. We first identified several cationic lipids promoting efficient gene transfer with low toxicity in actively dividing HepG2, HuH7, BC2 and progenitor HepaRG™ human hepatoma cells. The lipophosphoramidate Syn1-based nanovector, which allowed the highest transfection efficiencies of progenitor HepaRG™ cells, was next used to transfect differentiated HepaRG™ cells. Lipofection of these cells using Syn1-based liposome was poorly efficient most likely because the differentiated HepaRG™ cells are highly quiescent. Thus, we engineered the differentiated HepaRG™ Mitogenic medium supplement (ADD1001) that triggered robust proliferation of differentiated cells. Importantly, we characterized the phenotypical changes occurring during proliferation of differentiated HepaRG™ cells and demonstrated that mitogenic stimulation induced a partial and transient decrease in the expression levels of some liver specific functions followed by a fast recovery of the full differentiation status upon removal of the mitogens. Taking advantage of the proliferation of HepaRG™ cells, we defined lipofection conditions using Syn1-based liposomes allowing transient expression of the cytochrome P450 2D6, a phase I enzyme poorly expressed in HepaRG cells, which opens new means for drug metabolism studies in HepaRG™ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vlach
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institut AGRO Rennes-Angers, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Hugo Coppens-Exandier
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Agnès Jamin
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- Univ. Brest, CNRS, CEMCA, UMR 6521, F-29238 Brest, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Julien Scaviner
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Biopredic International, F-35760 Saint Grégoire, France
| | | | - Tristan Montier
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Univ. Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- Univ. Brest, CNRS, CEMCA, UMR 6521, F-29238 Brest, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); Tel.: +33-(02)-23233873 (P.L.)
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France
- Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-44035 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (P.L.); Tel.: +33-(02)-23233873 (P.L.)
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Zerdoug A, Le Vée M, Uehara S, Lopez B, Chesné C, Suemizu H, Fardel O. Contribution of Humanized Liver Chimeric Mice to the Study of Human Hepatic Drug Transporters: State of the Art and Perspectives. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:621-637. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bachour-El Azzi P, Chesné C, Uehara S. Expression and functional activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in human hepatocytes with sustainable reproducibility for in vitro phenotyping studies. Adv Pharmacol 2022; 95:285-305. [PMID: 35953158 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary human hepatocytes are an essential in vitro tool for evaluating drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions, and hepatotoxicity. This model is considered as the gold standard in matter of DMPK studies in both industrial and academic research. The primary human hepatocytes are used either in suspension or in monolayer, as fresh or frozen cells. However, the use of this model is limited due to the lack of availability, rapid loss of functionality, high cost as well as the variable hepatocyte plating efficiencies in culture and the limited stock of hepatocytes derived from the same origin. Chimeric TK-NOG mice with humanized livers (humanized liver mice) are an attractive platform for drug metabolism and toxicity, which were produced by transplanting human hepatocytes into immunodeficient mice with injured livers. Here, we show that, using humanized mouse liver, in vivo human hepatocyte repopulation was over ~100-fold enabling the continuous and abundant use of human hepatocytes of the same origin and improving their plateability. In our latest cell preparations, hepatocytes isolated from humanized liver mice (Hu-Liver cells) exhibited high purity (ratio of HLA-positive cells: 92±3%), good viability (75±12%), and yield (1.0×108 cells/mouse). Human hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and nuclear receptors genes were expressed in humanized mouse liver. Drug-metabolizing activities in Hu-Liver cells were comparable to or higher than those in primary human hepatocytes. An extensive P450-dependent human drug metabolism was observed in Hu-Liver cells. CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4/5 activities/mRNA in Hu-Liver cells were induced by the hepatocyte exposure to typical human P450 inducers, omeprazole, phenobarbital, and rifampicin, respectively. Finally, Human albumin secretion and CYP3A-mediated drug oxidation activity were maintained over 4-weeks. Altogether, the expression level of pharmacokinetics-related genes, enzyme activity, human-typed drug metabolism, and inducibility of P450 in Hu-Liver cells make from humanized mouse liver a relevant and robust model for in vitro preclinical studies, including drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shotaro Uehara
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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La Padula S, Hersant B, Pizza C, Chesné C, Jamin A, Ben Mosbah I, Errico C, D’Andrea F, Rega U, Persichetti P, Meningaud JP. Striae Distensae: In Vitro Study and Assessment of Combined Treatment With Sodium Ascorbate and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Fibroblasts. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:1282-1293. [PMID: 33474574 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-02100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Striae distensae (SD) appear clinically as parallel striae, lying perpendicular to the tension lines of the skin. SD evolve into two clinical phases, an initial inflammatory phase in which they are called "striae rubrae" (SR) and a chronic phase in which they are called striae albae (SA). Fibroblasts seem to play a key role in the pathogenesis of stretch marks. This study was aimed at describing and analyzing stretch marks-derived fibroblasts (SMF), the differences between SR- and SA-derived fibroblasts (SRF, SAF), testing two treatments in vitro (sodium ascorbate and PrP) on SAF. MATERIAL AND METHODS To characterize the SMF, the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) was investigated. Type I collagen expression was measured in SAF, before and after adding different PrP concentrations and sodium ascorbate in the culture medium. Results were processed through statistical analysis models using the Student's t-test. RESULTS A significant increase in alpha SMA (P <0.001) was observed in SRF. SAF treated with PrP and sodium ascorbate showed a resumption of their metabolic activity by an increase in collagen type I production and cell proliferation. After 24 h of incubation with PrP 1% and PrP 5% + sodium ascorbate, cell viability was increased by 140% and 151% and by 156 and 178% after 48 h, respectively, compared to the control. CONCLUSION Our study shows that a biologically mediated improvement in SMF metabolic activity is possible. Our promising results require further trials to be able to confirm the reproducibility of this combined treatment, particularly in vivo. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable.
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Truant S, Baillet C, Gnemmi V, Fulbert M, Turpin A, Dardenne S, Leteurtre E, El Amrani M, Dharancy S, Dubuquoy L, Huglo D, Chesné C, Pruvot FR. The Impact of Modern Chemotherapy and Chemotherapy-Associated Liver Injuries (CALI) on Liver Function: Value of 99mTc-Labelled-Mebrofenin SPECT-Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1959-1969. [PMID: 32833150 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is increasingly used before hepatic resection, with controversial impact regarding liver function. This study aimed to assess the capacity of 99mTc-labelled-mebrofenin SPECT-hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) to predict liver dysfunction due to chemotherapy and/or chemotherapeutic-associated liver injuries (CALI), such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) activity score (NAS). METHODS From 2011 to 2015, all consecutive noncirrhotic patients scheduled for a major hepatectomy (≥ 3 segments) gave informed consent for preoperative SPECT-HBS allowing measurements of segmental liver function. As primary endpoint, HBS results were compared between patients with versus without (1) preoperative chemotherapy (≤ 3 months); and (2) CALI, mainly steatosis, NAS (Kleiner), or SOS (Rubbia-Brandt). Secondary endpoints were (1) other factors impairing function; and (2) impact of chemotherapy, and/or CALI on hepatocyte isolation outcome via liver tissues. RESULTS Among 115 patients, 55 (47.8%) received chemotherapy. Sixteen developed SOS and 35 NAS, with worse postoperative outcome. Overall, chemotherapy had no impact on liver function, except above 12 cycles. In patients with CALI, a steatosis ≥ 30% significantly compromised function, as well as NAS, especially grades 2-5. Conversely, SOS had no impact, although subjected to very low patients number with severe SOS. Other factors impairing function were diabetes, overweight/obesity, or fibrosis. Similarly, chemotherapy in 73 of 164 patients had no effect on hepatocytes isolation outcome; regarding CALI, steatosis ≥ 30% and NAS impaired the yield and/or viability of hepatocytes, but not SOS. CONCLUSIONS In this first large, prospective study, HBS appeared to be a valuable tool to select heavily treated patients at risk of liver dysfunction through steatosis or NAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Truant
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Univ. Lille, CHRU Lille, Lille, France. .,CANTHER laboratory Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies UMR-S1277 INSERM, Team Mucins, Cancer and Drug Resistance, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Clio Baillet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Maxence Fulbert
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Univ. Lille, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anthony Turpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sabrina Dardenne
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Univ. Lille, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Mehdi El Amrani
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Univ. Lille, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.,CANTHER laboratory Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies UMR-S1277 INSERM, Team Mucins, Cancer and Drug Resistance, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Dharancy
- Hepatology Unit, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center-U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Hepatology Unit, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center-U995, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Damien Huglo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - François-René Pruvot
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Univ. Lille, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
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7
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Clemedson C, McFarlane-Abdulla E, Andersson M, Barile FA, Calleja MC, Chesné C, Clothier R, Cottin M, Curren R, Dierickx P, Ferro M, Fiskesjö G, Garza-Ocañas L, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Gülden M, Isomaa B, Janus J, Judge P, Kahru A, Kemp RB, Kerszman G, Kristen U, Kunimoto M, Kärenlampi S, Lavrijsen K, Lewan L, Lilius H, Malmsten A, Ohno T, Persoone G, Pettersson R, Roguet R, Romert L, Sandberg M, Sawyer TW, Seibert H, Shrivastava R, Sjöström M, Stammati A, Tanaka N, Torres-Alanis O, Voss JU, Wakuri S, Walum E, Wang X, Zucco F, Ekwall B. MEIC Evaluation of Acute Systemic Toxicity. Altern Lab Anim 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299602400103.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Results from tests of the first 30 MEIC reference chemicals in 68 different toxicity assays are presented as a prerequisite to subsequent in vitro/in vivo comparisons of acute toxicity data. A comparative cytotoxicity study was also carried out. Firstly, the variability of all of the results was analysed by using principal components analysis (PCA), analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and pairwise comparisons of means according to Tukey's method. The first PCA component described 80% of the variance of all of the cytotoxicity data. Tukey's ANOVA indicated a similar sensitivity for the assays, of approximately 80%. Secondly, the influence of five major methodological components on the general variability of the results was evaluated by linear regression and ANOVA linear contrast analyses. The findings were that: a) the toxicity of many chemicals increased with exposure time; b) in general, human cytotoxicity was predicted well by animal cytotoxicity tests; c) this prediction was poor for two chemicals; d) the prediction of human cytotoxicity by the ecotoxicological tests was only fairly good; e) one organotypic endpoint used, i.e. contractility of muscle cells, gave different results to those obtained according to viability/growth toxicity criteria; f) twelve comparisons of similar test systems involving different cell types (including highly differentiated cells) showed similar toxicities regardless of cell type; and g) nine out often comparisons of test systems with identical cell types and exposure times revealed similar toxicities, regardless of the viability or growth endpoint measurement used. Factors b, f and g must be the main causes of the remarkable similarity between the total results, while factors a, c, d and e, together with other minor factors that were not analysed, contributed to the 20% dissimilarity. The findings strongly support the basal cytotoxicity concept, and will facilitate future in vitro toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Clemedson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth McFarlane-Abdulla
- In Vitro Toxicology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marianne Andersson
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Lund, Helgonavägen 3D, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank A. Barile
- Department of Natural Sciences, York College, City University of New York, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, Jamaica, NY 11451, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mabel C. Calleja
- Laboratory for Biological Research in Aquatic Pollution, University of Ghent, 22J Plateaustraat, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christophe Chesné
- Biopredic, Technopole Atlante Villejean, 14–18 Rue du Professeur Jean Parker, 35000 Rennes, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Clothier
- Department of Human Morphology, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martine Cottin
- Laboratoires de Recherche Fondamentale, L'Oréal, 1 Avenue Eugene Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois Cedex, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rodger Curren
- In Vitro Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, Microbiological Associates Inc., 9900 Blackwell Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Dierickx
- Instituut voor Hygiene en Epidemiologic, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margherita Ferro
- Institute of General Pathology, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Geirid Fiskesjö
- Department of Genetics, University of Lund, Sölvegatan 29, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lourdes Garza-Ocañas
- Department de Farmacologia y Toxicologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Apartado Postal No. 146, Colle del Valle, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Jose Gómez-Lechón
- Cultivos Celulares, Centra Investigacion, Hospital La Fe, Avenida Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Gülden
- Institute für Toxikologie, Zelltoxikologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Weimarer Strasse 8, Haus 3, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Boris Isomaa
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Estonian Academy of Sciences, Akadeemia tee 23, 0026 Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Janus
- Clonetics Corporation, 9620 Chesapeake Drive, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paula Judge
- In Vitro Toxicology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Estonian Academy of Sciences, Akadeemia tee 23, 0026 Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard B. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 3DA, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustaw Kerszman
- Institute for Life Science and Chemistry, P.O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Udo Kristen
- Institute für Allgemeine Botanik, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Manabu Kunimoto
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-Z Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sirpa Kärenlampi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 702 11 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karel Lavrijsen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research Foundation, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Lewan
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Lund, Helgonavägen 3D, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Lilius
- Department of Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Biocity, Artillerigatan 6, 20520 Abo, Finland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Malmsten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tadao Ohno
- RIKEN Cell Bank, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guido Persoone
- RIKEN Cell Bank, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Pettersson
- Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, HSC, Box 513, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Roguet
- Laboratoires de Recherche Fondamentale, L'Oréal, 1 Avenue Eugene Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois Cedex, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Romert
- Pharmacia & Upjohn, 112 87 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Sandberg
- Research Group for Chemometrics, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas W. Sawyer
- Biomedical Defence Section, Defence Research Establishment, Suffield-DRES, Box 4000, Medicine Hat, Alberta T1A 8K6, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hasso Seibert
- Institute für Toxikologie, Zelltoxikologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Weimarer Strasse 8, Haus 3, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ravi Shrivastava
- Vitro-Bio, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 360 Saint Beauzire, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Research Group for Chemometrics, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annalaura Stammati
- Department of Comparative Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Noriho Tanaka
- Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oscar Torres-Alanis
- Department de Farmacologia y Toxicologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Apartado Postal No. 146, Colle del Valle, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens-Uwe Voss
- Institute für Toxikologie, Zelltoxikologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Weimarer Strasse 8, Haus 3, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shinobu Wakuri
- Food and Drug Safety Center, Hatano Research Institute, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Walum
- Pharmacia & Upjohn, 112 87 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xinhai Wang
- RIKEN Cell Bank, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Flavia Zucco
- Consiglio Nationale delle Recherche, Istituto Tecnologie Biomediche, Via G.B. Morgagni 30/E, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekwall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Clemedson C, McFarlane-Abdulla E, Andersson M, Barile FA, Calleja MC, Chesné C, Clothier R, Cottin M, Curren R, Daniel-Szolgay E, Dierickx P, Ferro M, Fiskesjö G, Garza-Ocañas L, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Gülden M, Isomaa B, Janus J, Judge P, Kahru A, Kemp RB, Kerszman G, Kristen U, Kunimoto M, Kärenlampi S, Lavrijsen K, Lewan L, Lilius H, Ohno T, Persoone G, Roguet R, Romert L, Sawyer TW, Seibert H, Shrivastava R, Stammati A, Tanaka N, Torres-Alanis O, Voss JU, Wakuri S, Walum E, Wang X, Zucco F, Ekwall B. MEIC Evaluation of Acute Systemic Toxicity. Altern Lab Anim 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299602400102.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The multicentre evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity (MEIC) study is a programme designed to evaluate the relevance of in vitro toxicity tests for predicting human toxicity, and is organised by the Scandinavian Society for Cell Toxicology. The project started in 1989 and is scheduled to be finished by June 1996. MEIC is a voluntary effort by international laboratories to test the same 50 reference chemicals in their own in vitro toxicity systems. At present, 31 laboratories have submitted results for the first 30 reference chemicals from a total of 68 in vitro cytotoxicity tests. In the definitive evaluation of the MEIC programme, these in vitro results will be compared with human lethal blood concentrations and other relevant acute systemic toxicity data, and the results will be published as a series of articles. This paper, which is the first article in this series, describes and analyses the methodologies used in the 68 tests. The origins and purities of the test chemicals, the biological systems and the toxicity endpoints are also discussed. Since MEIC is not centrally directed, the selection of tests was entirely dependent on the preferences of the individual laboratories. Thus, the collection of tests is not representative of the full range of existing in vitro toxicity tests. In our study, basal cytotoxicity tests and ecotoxicological tests are prevalent, while tests for toxicity to primary cultures of differentiated cells, measured by organotypic toxicity endpoints, are clearly under-represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Clemedson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Marianne Andersson
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Lund, Helgonavägen 3D, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank A. Barile
- Department of Natural Sciences, York College, City University of New York, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, Jamaica, NY 11451, USA
| | - Mabel C. Calleja
- Laboratory for Biological Research in Aquatic Pollution, University of Ghent, 22J Plateaustraat, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Chesné
- Biopredic, Technopole Atlante Villejean, 14–18 Rue du Professeur Jean Parker, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Richard Clothier
- Department of Human Morphology, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Martine Cottin
- L'Oréal, Laboratoires de Recherche Fondamentale, 1 Avenue Eugene Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois Cedex, France
| | - Rodger Curren
- In Vitro Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, Microbiological Associates Inc., 9900 Blackwell Road, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Erika Daniel-Szolgay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Dierickx
- Instituut voor Hygiene en Epidemiologic, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margherita Ferro
- Institute of General Pathology, Via LB. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Geirid Fiskesjö
- Department of Genetics, University of Lund, Soluegatan 29, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lourdes Garza-Ocañas
- Department de Farmacologia y Toxicologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Apartado Postal No. 146, Col. del Valle, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Maria Jose Gómez-Lechón
- Cultivos Celulares, Centra Investigacion, Hospital La Fe, Avenida Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Gülden
- Institute für Toxikologie, Zelltoxikologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Weimarer Strasse 8, Haus 3, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Boris Isomaa
- Department of Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Biocity, Artillerigatan 6, 20520 Abo, Finland
| | - Jeffrey Janus
- Clonetics Corporation, 9620 Chesapeake Drive, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Paula Judge
- In Vitro Toxicology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, UK
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Estonian Academy of Sciences, Akadeemia tee 23, 0026 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Richard B. Kemp
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Gustaw Kerszman
- Institute for Life Science and Chemistry, P.O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Udo Kristen
- Institute für Allgemeine Botanik, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manabu Kunimoto
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-Z Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Sirpa Kärenlampi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 702 11 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karel Lavrijsen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Research Foundation, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lillemor Lewan
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Lund, Helgonavägen 3D, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Lilius
- Department of Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Biocity, Artillerigatan 6, 20520 Abo, Finland
| | - Tadao Ohno
- RIKEN Cell Bank, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Guido Persoone
- Laboratory for Biological Research in Aquatic Pollution, University of Ghent, 22J Plateaustraat, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roland Roguet
- L'Oréal, Laboratoires de Recherche Fondamentale, 1 Avenue Eugene Schueller, 93601 Aulnay-sous-Bois Cedex, France
| | | | - Thomas W. Sawyer
- Biomedical Defence Section, Defence Research Establishment, Suffield-DRES, Box 4000, Medicine Hat, Alberta T1A 8K6, Canada
| | - Hasso Seibert
- Institute für Toxikologie, Zelltoxikologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Weimarer Strasse 8, Haus 3, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Annalaura Stammati
- Department of Comparative Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Noriho Tanaka
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagaw 257, Japan
| | - Oscar Torres-Alanis
- Department de Farmacologia y Toxicologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Apartado Postal No. 146, Col. del Valle, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jens-Uwe Voss
- Institute für Toxikologie, Zelltoxikologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Weimarer Strasse 8, Haus 3, 24106 Kiel, Germany
| | - Shinobu Wakuri
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagaw 257, Japan
| | - Erik Walum
- Pharmacia & Upjohn, 112 87 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xinhai Wang
- RIKEN Cell Bank, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
| | - Flavia Zucco
- Istituto Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nationale delle Recherche, Via G.B. Morgagni 30/E, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Björn Ekwall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 594, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Legler J, Zalko D, Jourdan F, Jacobs M, Fromenty B, Balaguer P, Bourguet W, Munic Kos V, Nadal A, Beausoleil C, Cristobal S, Remy S, Ermler S, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Griffin JL, Blumberg B, Chesné C, Hoffmann S, Andersson PL, Kamstra JH. The GOLIATH Project: Towards an Internationally Harmonised Approach for Testing Metabolism Disrupting Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3480. [PMID: 32423144 PMCID: PMC7279023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this project report is to introduce the European "GOLIATH" project, a new research project which addresses one of the most urgent regulatory needs in the testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely the lack of methods for testing EDCs that disrupt metabolism and metabolic functions. These chemicals collectively referred to as "metabolism disrupting compounds" (MDCs) are natural and anthropogenic chemicals that can promote metabolic changes that can ultimately result in obesity, diabetes, and/or fatty liver in humans. This project report introduces the main approaches of the project and provides a focused review of the evidence of metabolic disruption for selected EDCs. GOLIATH will generate the world's first integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA) specifically tailored to MDCs. GOLIATH will focus on the main cellular targets of metabolic disruption-hepatocytes, pancreatic endocrine cells, myocytes and adipocytes-and using an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework will provide key information on MDC-related mode of action by incorporating multi-omic analyses and translating results from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models and assays to adverse metabolic health outcomes in humans at real-life exposures. Given the importance of international acceptance of the developed test methods for regulatory use, GOLIATH will link with ongoing initiatives of the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) for test method (pre-)validation, IATA, and AOP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniel Zalko
- INRAE Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Metabolism and Xenobiotics (MeX) Team, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (D.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- INRAE Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Metabolism and Xenobiotics (MeX) Team, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (D.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Miriam Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OXON. OX11 0RQ, UK;
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) INSERM UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Université de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - William Bourguet
- Center for Structural Biochemistry (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Angel Nadal
- IDiBE and CIBERDEM, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain;
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- ANSES, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort CEDEX, France;
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Sustainable Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, 2400 Mol, Belgium;
| | - Sibylle Ermler
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.E.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.E.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, 2011 BioSci 3, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA;
| | - Christophe Chesné
- Biopredic International, Parc d’Activité de la Bretèche Bâtiment A4, 35760 Saint Grégoire, France;
| | | | | | - Jorke H. Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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10
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Rovida C, Barton-Maclaren T, Benfenati E, Caloni F, Chandrasekera PC, Chesné C, Cronin MTD, De Knecht J, Dietrich DR, Escher SE, Fitzpatrick S, Flannery B, Herzler M, Hougaard Bennekou S, Hubesch B, Kamp H, Kisitu J, Kleinstreuer N, Kovarich S, Leist M, Maertens A, Nugent K, Pallocca G, Pastor M, Patlewicz G, Pavan M, Presgrave O, Smirnova L, Schwarz M, Yamada T, Hartung T. Internationalization of read-across as a validated new approach method (NAM) for regulatory toxicology. ALTEX 2020; 37:579-606. [PMID: 32369604 PMCID: PMC9201788 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1912181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Read-across (RAx) translates available information from well-characterized chemicals to a substance for which there is a toxicological data gap. The OECD is working on case studies to probe general applicability of RAx, and several regulations (e.g., EU-REACH) already allow this procedure to be used to waive new in vivo tests. The decision to prepare a review on the state of the art of RAx as a tool for risk assessment for regulatory purposes was taken during a workshop with international experts in Ranco, Italy in July 2018. Three major issues were identified that need optimization to allow a higher regulatory acceptance rate of the RAx procedure: (i) the definition of similarity of source and target, (ii) the translation of biological/toxicological activity of source to target in the RAx procedure, and (iii) how to deal with issues of ADME that may differ between source and target. The use of new approach methodologies (NAM) was discussed as one of the most important innovations to improve the acceptability of RAx. At present, NAM data may be used to confirm chemical and toxicological similarity. In the future, the use of NAM may be broadened to fully characterize the hazard and toxicokinetic properties of RAx compounds. Concerning available guidance, documents on Good Read-Across Practice (GRAP) and on best practices to perform and evaluate the RAx process were identified. Here, in particular, the RAx guidance, being worked out by the European Commission’s H2020 project EU-ToxRisk together with many external partners with regulatory experience, is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Rovida
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET) Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mark T D Cronin
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joop De Knecht
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Dietrich
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Suzanne Fitzpatrick
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, MD, USA
| | - Brenna Flannery
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, MD, USA
| | - Matthias Herzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hougaard Bennekou
- Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark / Danish Technical University, FOOD, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bruno Hubesch
- European Chemical Industry Council (Cefic), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hennicke Kamp
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jaffar Kisitu
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | - Marcel Leist
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexandra Maertens
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Nugent
- Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Giorgia Pallocca
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Manuel Pastor
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Dept. of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Octavio Presgrave
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Toxicologia, Instituto Nacional de Controle da Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Saidi R, Ghrab F, Kallel R, Feki AE, Boudawara T, Chesné C, Ammar E, Jarraya RM. Tunisian Clematis flammula Essential Oil Enhances Wound Healing: GC-MS Analysis, Biochemical and Histological Assessment. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1483-1499. [PMID: 30404969 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerial part of Clematis flammula (Ranunculaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of skin diseases including mycotic infection in the Tunisian traditional medicine. The study was undertaken to extract and determine the essential oil chemical composition of Clematis flammula aerial parts and to assess the potential of anemonin in wound healing on mechanically wounded wistar rats. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Anemonin was isolated and then incorporated as active in a cream for which the cytotoxicity was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)-based colorimetric assay. Then, its potential in wound healing on mechanically wounded wistar rats was assessed. The GC-MS analysis showed that the major compound was protoanemonin (86.74%) which spontaneously dimerised in part to form the anemonin. The wound healing activity of anemonin cream exhibited a non toxic potential of anemonin at a concentration of 25 µg/mL with a cell migration efficiency that reaches more than 80% after 48 hours of treatment. Wound healing efficiency was evaluated by monitoring morphological and skin histological analyses. Comparable wound surface reduction of the group treated by anemonin cream (p ≥ 0.05) when compared to the reference treated group. The skin histological analysis showed the completely wound closure. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the malondialdehyde (MDA) rates and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase) determination. The results provided strong support for the effective wound healing activity of anemonin cream, making it a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent in tissue repairing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakia Saidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University
| | - Ferdaws Ghrab
- Coastal and urban environments, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax University.,Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University
| | - Rim Kallel
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Universitary Hospital
| | | | - Tahya Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Universitary Hospital
| | | | - Emna Ammar
- Coastal and urban environments, National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax University
| | - Raoudha Mezghani Jarraya
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University
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12
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Garnier D, Li R, Delbos F, Fourrier A, Collet C, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Chesné C, Nguyen TH. Expansion of human primary hepatocytes in vitro through their amplification as liver progenitors in a 3D organoid system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8222. [PMID: 29844473 PMCID: PMC5974235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of investigation on the proliferation of adult human primary hepatocytes, their expansion in vitro still remains challenging. To later be able to consider hepatocytes as a cell therapy alternative or bridge to liver transplantation, dramatically impeded by a shortage in liver donors, the first step is having an almost unlimited source of these cells. The banking of transplantable hepatocytes also implies a protocol for their expansion that can be compatible with large-scale production. We show that adult human primary hepatocytes when grown in 3D organoids are easily amplified, providing a substantial source of functional hepatocytes ready for transplantation. Following their plating, differentiated human hepatocytes are amplified during a transient and reversible step as liver progenitors, and can subsequently be converted back to mature differentiated hepatocytes. The protocol we propose is not only compatible with automated and high-throughput cell culture systems, thanks to the expansion of hepatocytes in suspension, but also guarantees the generation of a high number of functional cells from the same patient sample, with a relatively easy set up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Garnier
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Nantes, France. .,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France. .,CRCINA INSERM U1232, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, 8 quai Moncousu, Nantes, France.
| | - Ruoya Li
- Biopredic International, Saint-Grégoire, France
| | - Frédéric Delbos
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Angélique Fourrier
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Camille Collet
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Tuan Huy Nguyen
- INSERM, Université de Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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13
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Pamies D, Bal-Price A, Chesné C, Coecke S, Dinnyes A, Eskes C, Grillari R, Gstraunthaler G, Hartung T, Jennings P, Leist M, Martin U, Passier R, Schwamborn JC, Stacey GN, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Daneshian M. Advanced Good Cell Culture Practice for human primary, stem cell-derived and organoid models as well as microphysiological systems. ALTEX 2018; 35:353-378. [PMID: 29697851 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1710081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A major reason for the current reproducibility crisis in the life sciences is the poor implementation of quality control measures and reporting standards. Improvement is needed, especially regarding increasingly complex in vitro methods. Good Cell Culture Practice (GCCP) was an effort from 1996 to 2005 to develop such minimum quality standards also applicable in academia. This paper summarizes recent key developments in in vitro cell culture and addresses the issues resulting for GCCP, e.g. the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and gene-edited cells. It further deals with human stem-cell-derived models and bioengineering of organo-typic cell cultures, including organoids, organ-on-chip and human-on-chip approaches. Commercial vendors and cell banks have made human primary cells more widely available over the last decade, increasing their use, but also requiring specific guidance as to GCCP. The characterization of cell culture systems including high-content imaging and high-throughput measurement technologies increasingly combined with more complex cell and tissue cultures represent a further challenge for GCCP. The increasing use of gene editing techniques to generate and modify in vitro culture models also requires discussion of its impact on GCCP. International (often varying) legislations and market forces originating from the commercialization of cell and tissue products and technologies are further impacting on the need for the use of GCCP. This report summarizes the recommendations of the second of two workshops, held in Germany in December 2015, aiming map the challenge and organize the process or developing a revised GCCP 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Andras Dinnyes
- Biotalentum Ltd, Godollo, Hungary.,Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, Godollo, Hungary
| | - Chantra Eskes
- Services & Consultations on Alternative Methods (SeCAM), Magliaso, Switzerland
| | - Regina Grillari
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.,Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Leist
- CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs, Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- National Institute for Biological Standardization and Control, a center of the Medicines and Health-care Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, UK
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Graillot V, Mondesert O, Méténier T, Vignard J, Lobjois V, Bazin E, Shevchenko V, Guillouzo C, Chesné C, Ducommun B, Salles B, Mirey G. A new in vitro micronucleus test in living cells associating biological tracers and high-content imaging. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Higuchi Y, Kawai K, Kanaki T, Yamazaki H, Chesné C, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Suemizu H. Functional polymer-dependent 3D culture accelerates the differentiation of HepaRG cells into mature hepatocytes. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:1045-57. [PMID: 26724677 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The hepatoma-derived cell line HepaRG is regarded as an in vitro model of drug metabolism because fully differentiated HepaRG cells demonstrate functional metabolic responses comparable to those of primary human hepatocytes. Recently, it was demonstrated that the 3D culture of HepaRG cells enhanced their metabolic functions and toxicological responses. We approached the mechanisms underlying these enhancement effects. METHODS We compared 2D-cultured HepaRG cells with 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids in the gene expression patterns and the metabolic functions. In the present study, we performed 3D culture of HepaRG cells using functional polymers (FP). To reveal the in vivo differentiation ability, we transplanted the 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids into TK-NOG mice. RESULTS A comparison between 2D and 3D cultures revealed that 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids demonstrated reductions in bile duct marker expression, accelerated expression of cytochrome P450 3A4, and increases in the ratio of albumin-expressing hepatocytes. Furthermore, catalytic activities of cytochrome P450 3A4 were modified by omeprazole and rifampicin in the 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids. Transplantation analysis revealed that 3D-cultured HepaRG spheroids formed hepatocyte-like colonies rather than cholangiocytes in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the enhancement of hepatic functions in 3D-cultured HepaRG cells was induced by selective hepatocyte differentiation and accelerated hepatocyte maturation. HepaRG spheroids reproduced the metabolic responses of human hepatocytes. Therefore, FP-dependent 3D-cultured HepaRG cells may serve as an excellent in vitro model for evaluating the hepatic metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
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Farcal L, Busquet F, Coecke S, Hristescu I, Chesné C, Pellevoisin C, Orasanu A, Diaconeasa Z, Oros A, Pintea A, Socaciu C. Finding opportunities in the area of Alternative Methods to Animal Testing for Romania and inauguration of the Romanian Center for Alternative Test Methods (ROCAM). ALTEX 2015; 32:392-3. [PMID: 26536294 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1509281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Farcal
- BIOTOX Srl, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Douglas Connect GmbH, Zeiningen, Switzerland
| | - Francois Busquet
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sandra Coecke
- DG JRC-Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ioana Hristescu
- National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Adriana Orasanu
- Institute for Diagnosis and Animal Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Oros
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adela Pintea
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lassila T, Rousu T, Mattila S, Chesné C, Pelkonen O, Turpeinen M, Tolonen A. Formation of GSH-trapped reactive metabolites in human liver microsomes, S9 fraction, HepaRG-cells, and human hepatocytes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:345-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Murayama N, Usui T, Slawny N, Chesné C, Yamazaki H. Human HepaRG Cells can be Cultured in Hanging-drop Plates for Cytochrome P450 Induction and Function Assays. Drug Metab Lett 2015; 9:3-7. [PMID: 25600204 DOI: 10.2174/1872312809666150119104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent guidance/guidelines for industry recommend that cytochrome P450 induction can be assessed using human hepatocyte enzyme activity and/or mRNA levels to evaluate potential drug- drug interactions. To evaluate time-dependent cytochrome P450 induction precisely, induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 mRNA was confirmed (>2-fold) by the treatment with omeprazole, phenobarbital, and rifampicin, respectively, for 24 or 48 h on day 3 from the start of culture. After 24 h, the fold induction of CYP1A2 with 3.6 and 1.8x10(4) HepaRG cells per well was lower than that for 7.2x10(4) cells. CYP1A2 induction levels at 24 h were higher than those after 48 h. In contrast, higher CYP2B6 inductions were confirmed after 48 h exposure than after 24 h, independent of the number of cells per well. To help reduce the use of human cryopreserved hepatocytes, typical P450-dependent enzyme activities were investigated in human HepaRG cells cultured in commercial hanging-drop plates. Newly designed 96-well hanging-drop plates were capable of maintaining human CYP3A-dependent midazolam hydroxylation activities for up to 4 days using only 10% of the recommended initial 7.2x10(4) cells per well. Favorable HepaRG function using hanging-drop plates was confirmed by detecting 1'- hydroxymidazolam O-glucuronide on day 3, suggesting an improvement over traditional control plates in which this metabolite can be detected for 24-well plates. These results suggest that the catalytic function and/or induction of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 can be readily assessed with reduced numbers of starting HepaRG cells cultured in three-dimensional cultures in drops prepared with hanging-drop plates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Monien BH, Schumacher F, Herrmann K, Glatt H, Turesky RJ, Chesné C. Simultaneous detection of multiple DNA adducts in human lung samples by isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2014; 87:641-8. [PMID: 25423194 PMCID: PMC4287830 DOI: 10.1021/ac503803m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Recent studies have demonstrated
that various DNA adducts can be
detected in human tissues and fluids using liquid chromatography connected
to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, the utility of a
single DNA adduct as a biomarker in risk assessment is debatable because
humans are exposed to many genotoxicants. We established a method
to measure DNA adducts derived from 16 ubiquitous genotoxicants and
developed an analytical technique for their simultaneous quantification
by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS. Methods for
the enrichment of the analytes from DNA hydrolysates and chromatographic
separation preceding mass spectrometric analysis were optimized, and
the resultant technique was used for the simultaneous analysis of
the 16 DNA adducts in human lung biopsy specimens. Eleven adducts
(formed by benzo[a]pyrene, 1-methylpyrene, 4-aminobiphenyl,
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,
1-methoxy-3-indolylmethylglucosinolate, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and
malondialdehyde) were not detected in any tissue sample (limits of
detection: 0.02–7.1 adducts/108 nucleosides). 3,N4-etheno-2′-deoxycytidine and 1,N6-etheno-2′-deoxyadenosine, formed from
2,3-epoxyaldehydes of endogenous lipid peroxidation products, were
present in all subjects (16.9–115.3 and 27.2–179/108 nucleosides, respectively). The same was true for N2-(trans-methylisoeugenol-3′-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine,
the major adduct of methyleugenol (1.7–23.7/108 nucleosides).
A minor adduct of methyleugenol and two adducts of furfuryl alcohol
were detected in several pulmonary specimens. Taken together, we developed
a targeted approach for the simultaneous mass spectrometric analyses
of 16 DNA adducts, which can be easily extended by adducts formed
from other mutagens. The method allowed one to detect adducts of furfuryl
alcohol and methyleugenol in samples of human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard H Monien
- Research Group Genotoxic Food Contaminants, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) , 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Tsuji S, Kawamura F, Kubiura M, Hayashi A, Ohbayashi T, Kazuki Y, Chesné C, Oshimura M, Tada M. Dual-color fluorescence imaging to monitor CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 expression in human hepatic carcinoma HepG2 and HepaRG cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104123. [PMID: 25101946 PMCID: PMC4125183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adult hepatocytes expressing CYP3A4, a major cytochrome P450 enzyme, are required for cell-based assays to evaluate the potential risk of drug-drug interactions caused by transcriptional induction of P450 enzymes in early-phase drug discovery and development. However, CYP3A7 is preferentially expressed in premature hepatoblasts and major hepatic carcinoma cell lines. The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepaRG possesses a high self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into hepatic cells similar to human adult hepatocytes in vitro. Transgenic HepaRG cells, in which the expression of fluorescent reporters is regulated by 35 kb regulatory elements of CYP3A4, have a distinct advantage over human hepatocytes isolated by collagenase perfusion, which are unstable in culture. Thus, we created transgenic HepaRG and HepG2 cells by replacing the protein-coding regions of human CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and DsRed reporters, respectively, in a bacterial artificial chromosome vector that included whole regulatory elements. The intensity of DsRed fluorescence was initially high during the proliferation of transgenic HepaRG cells. However, most EGFP-positive cells were derived from those in which DsRed fluorescence was extinguished. Comparative analyses in these transgenic clones showed that changes in the total fluorescence intensity of EGFP reflected fold changes in the mRNA level of endogenous CYP3A4. Moreover, CYP3A4 induction was monitored by the increase in EGFP fluorescence. Thus, this assay provides a real-time evaluation system for quality assurance of hepatic differentiation into CYP3A4-expressing cells, unfavourable CYP3A4 induction, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-mediated enrichment of CYP3A4-expressing hepatocytes based on the total fluorescence intensities of fluorescent reporters, without the need for many time-consuming steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tsuji
- Bio Frontier Project Promotion Section, Organization for Tottori Industrial Promotion, Yonago, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kawamura
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Musashi Kubiura
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohbayashi
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biofunction, Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masako Tada
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Murayama N, van Beuningen R, Suemizu H, Guillouzo CG, Shibata N, Yajima K, Utoh M, Shimizu M, Chesné C, Nakamura M, Guengerich FP, Houtman R, Yamazaki H. Thalidomide increases human hepatic cytochrome P450 3A enzymes by direct activation of the pregnane X receptor. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:304-308. [PMID: 24460184 DOI: 10.1021/tx4004374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterotropic cooperativity of human cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4/3A5 by the teratogen thalidomide was recently demonstrated by H. Yamazaki et al. ( ( 2013 ) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 26 , 486 - 489 ) using the model substrate midazolam in various in vitro and in vivo models. Chimeric mice with humanized liver also displayed enhanced midazolam clearance upon pretreatment with orally administered thalidomide, presumably because of human P450 3A induction. In the current study, we further investigated the regulation of human hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. Thalidomide enhanced levels of P450 3A4 and 2B6 mRNA, protein expression, and/or oxidation activity in human hepatocytes, indirectly suggesting the activation of upstream transcription factors involved in detoxication, e.g., the nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). A key event after ligand binding is an alteration of nuclear receptor conformation and recruitment of coregulator proteins that alter chromatin accessibility of target genes. To investigate direct engagement and functional alteration of PXR and CAR by thalidomide, we utilized a peptide microarray with 154 coregulator-derived nuclear receptor-interaction motifs and coregulator and nuclear receptor boxes, which serves as a sensor for nuclear receptor conformation and activity status as a function of ligand. Thalidomide and its human proximate metabolite 5-hydroxythalidomide displayed significant modulation of coregulator interaction with PXR and CAR ligand-binding domains, similar to established agonists for these receptors. These results collectively suggest that thalidomide acts as a ligand for PXR and CAR and causes enzyme induction leading to increased P450 enzyme activity. The possibilities of drug interactions during thalidomide therapy in humans require further evaluation.
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Hégarat LL, Mourot A, Huet S, Vasseur L, Camus S, Chesné C, Fessard V. Performance of Comet and Micronucleus Assays in Metabolic Competent HepaRG Cells to Predict In Vivo Genotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2014; 138:300-9. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rebelo SP, Estrada M, Costa R, Chesné C, Brito C, Alves PM. Evaluation of the impact of matrix stiffness on encapsulated HepaRG spheroids. BMC Proc 2013. [PMCID: PMC3980483 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-7-s6-p77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Jetten M, Kleinjans J, Claessen S, Chesné C, van Delft J. Baseline and genotoxic compound induced gene expression profiles in HepG2 and HepaRG compared to primary human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2031-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mouchet N, Adamski H, Bouvet R, Corre S, Courbebaisse Y, Watier E, Mosser J, Chesné C, Galibert MD. In vivo identification of solar radiation-responsive gene network: role of the p38 stress-dependent kinase. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10776. [PMID: 20505830 PMCID: PMC2874014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar radiation is one of the most common threats to the skin, with exposure eliciting a specific protective cellular response. To decrypt the underlying mechanism, we used whole genome microarrays (Agilent 44K) to study epidermis gene expression in vivo in skin exposed to simulated solar radiation (SSR). We procured epidermis samples from healthy Caucasian patients, with phototypes II or III, and used two different SSR doses (2 and 4 J/cm(2)), the lower of which corresponded to the minimal erythemal dose. Analyses were carried out five hours after irradiation to identify early gene expression events in the photoprotective response. About 1.5% of genes from the human genome showed significant changes in gene expression. The annotations of these affected genes were assessed. They indicated a strengthening of the inflammation process and up-regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway and other pathways. Parallel to the p53 pathway, the p38 stress-responsive pathway was affected, supporting and mediating p53 function. We used an ex vivo assay with a specific inhibitor of p38 (SB203580) to investigate genes the expression of which was associated with active p38 kinase. We identified new direct p38 target genes and further characterized the role of p38. Our findings provide further insight into the physiological response to UV, including cell-cell interactions and cross-talk effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mouchet
- CNRS UMR 6061 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Equipe RTO, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, IFR140 GFAS, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- PROCLAIM, Saint Grégoire, France
| | | | - Régis Bouvet
- CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de Génomique Médicale, Plateforme Transcriptomique GenOuest, Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Corre
- CNRS UMR 6061 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Equipe RTO, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, IFR140 GFAS, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | | | - Eric Watier
- CHU Rennes, Service de Chirurgie Plastique, Rennes, France
| | - Jean Mosser
- CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de Génomique Médicale, Plateforme Transcriptomique GenOuest, Rennes, France
| | | | - Marie-Dominique Galibert
- CNRS UMR 6061 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Equipe RTO, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, IFR140 GFAS, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de Génomique Médicale, Plateforme Transcriptomique GenOuest, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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Anthérieu S, Chesné C, Li R, Camus S, Lahoz A, Picazo L, Turpeinen M, Tolonen A, Uusitalo J, Guguen-Guillouzo C, Guillouzo A. Stable expression, activity, and inducibility of cytochromes P450 in differentiated HepaRG cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 38:516-25. [PMID: 20019244 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HepaRG cells possess the unique property to differentiate in vitro and to express various functions of mature hepatocytes, including the major cytochromes P450 (P450s). In the present study, we carefully analyzed mRNA expression and activity of the major P450s and their responsiveness to three prototypical inducers, phenobarbital, rifampicin, and omeprazole, in differentiated HepaRG cell cultures over a 4-week period after low and high seeding. Only minor differences were observed in P450 activities when measured by two cocktails of probe substrates, probably related to the choice and/or concentration of substrates. Similar results were obtained from the two cell seeding conditions. Expression and activities of several P450s were dimethyl sulfoxide-dependent. However, basal P450 expression and activities as well as their responsiveness to the prototypical inducers were well maintained over the 4-week period, and a good correlation was observed between transcript levels and corresponding activities. Thus, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 were found to accurately respond to their respective prototypical inducers, i.e., omeprazole, phenobarbital, and rifampicin. Likewise, basal expression of several phase II enzymes, transporters, and nuclear receptors, and response to inducers were also well preserved. More genes were found to be induced in HepaRG cells than in primary human hepatocytes, and no marked variation was noticed between the different passages. Taken together, these data support the conclusion that HepaRG cells represent a promising surrogate to primary human hepatocytes for xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity studies.
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Boulais N, Pennec JP, Lebonvallet N, Pereira U, Rougier N, Dorange G, Chesné C, Misery L. Rat Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors and osmoreceptors. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7759. [PMID: 19898622 PMCID: PMC2770322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cells (MCs) associated with nerve terminals constitute MC-neurite complexes, which are involved in slowly-adapting type I mechanoreception. Although MCs are known to express voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and hypotonic-induced membrane deformation is known to lead to Ca2+ transients, whether MCs initiate mechanotransduction is currently unknown. To answer to this question, rat MCs were transfected with a reporter vector, which enabled their identification. Their properties were investigated through electrophysiological studies. Voltage-gated K+, Ca2+ and Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels were identified, as previously described. Here, we also report the activation of Ca2+ channels by histamine and their inhibition by acetylcholine. As a major finding, we demonstrated that direct mechanical stimulations induced strong inward Ca2+ currents in MCs. Depolarizations were dependent on the strength and the length of the stimulation. Moreover, touch-evoked currents were inhibited by the stretch channel antagonist gadolinium. These data confirm the mechanotransduction capabilities of MCs. Furthermore, we found that activation of the osmoreceptor TRPV4 in FM1-43-labeled MCs provoked neurosecretory granule exocytosis. Since FM1-43 blocks mechanosensory channels, this suggests that hypo-osmolarity activates MCs in the absence of mechanotransduction. Thus, mechanotransduction and osmoreception are likely distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Boulais
- University of Brest, European University of Brittany, Laboratory on Nervous Factors and Tissular Structure, EA4326, CHU, Brest, France
- Bioprédic International, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pennec
- University of Brest, European University of Brittany, Laboratory on Nervous Factors and Tissular Structure, EA4326, CHU, Brest, France
| | - Nicolas Lebonvallet
- University of Brest, European University of Brittany, Laboratory on Nervous Factors and Tissular Structure, EA4326, CHU, Brest, France
| | - Ulysse Pereira
- University of Brest, European University of Brittany, Laboratory on Nervous Factors and Tissular Structure, EA4326, CHU, Brest, France
| | | | - Germaine Dorange
- University of Brest, European University of Brittany, Laboratory on Nervous Factors and Tissular Structure, EA4326, CHU, Brest, France
| | | | - Laurent Misery
- University of Brest, European University of Brittany, Laboratory on Nervous Factors and Tissular Structure, EA4326, CHU, Brest, France
- * E-mail:
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Tuschl G, Hrach J, Richert L, Richert L, Chesné C, Hewitt PG, Mueller SO. Long-term cell culture models for the analysis of hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Château Y, Dorange G, Clément JF, Pennec JP, Gobin E, Griscom L, Baudrimont M, Rougier N, Chesné C, Misery L. In vitro reconstruction of neuro-epidermal connections. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 127:979-81. [PMID: 17159914 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Meneses-Lorente G, Pattison C, Guyomard C, Chesné C, Heavens R, Watt AP, Sohal B. Utility of long-term cultured human hepatocytes as an in vitro model for cytochrome p450 induction. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 35:215-20. [PMID: 17093007 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.106.009423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) induction may have considerable implications for drug therapy. Therefore, understanding the induction potential of a new chemical entity at an early stage in discovery is crucial to reduce the risk of failure in the clinic and help the identification of noninducing chemical structures. Availability of human viable tissue often limits evaluation of induction potential in human hepatocytes. A solution is to increase the time period during which the hepatocytes remain viable. In this study we have investigated the induction of several P450 isozymes in long-term cultured hepatocytes compared with short-term cultured hepatocytes from the same individuals. Short- and long-term cultured primary hepatocytes isolated from each individual were cultured in a 96-well format and treated for 24 h with a range of prototypical P450 inducers and Merck Research Laboratories compounds. CYP3A4, 1A1, 1A2, 2B6, and 2C9 mRNA levels were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan) from the same cultured hepatocyte wells. CYP3A4, 1A1, 1A2, 2B6, and 2C9 were shown to be inducible in long-term cultured hepatocytes. The -fold induction varied between donors, and between short- and long-term cultured hepatocytes from the same donor. However, this variability can be controlled by normalizing data from each hepatocyte preparation to a positive control. The use of long-term cultured hepatocytes on 96-well plates has proven to be sensitive, robust, and convenient for assessing P450 induction potential of new compound entities during the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Meneses-Lorente
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry (Drug Metabolism Section), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom.
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Jugdé F, Boissier C, Rougier-Larzat N, Corlu A, Chesné C, Semana G, Heresbach D. Regulation by allergens of chemokine receptor expression on in vitro-generated dendritic cells. Toxicology 2005; 212:227-38. [PMID: 15961209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 04/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immature dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CD34+ progenitor cells or peripheral monocytes, are used as in vitro sensitization models in many chemical allergen treatment studies. During the sensitization, DCs follow maturation process and gain the capacity to migrate to lymph nodes where they stimulate T cells. Chemokine receptor allows DCs to migrate along chemotactic gradients. In this work, we used immature DCs from peripheral monocytes to evaluate the influence of allergens on chemokine receptor and surface-marker expression. We tested the sensitizers dinitrochlorobenzene, Bandrowski's base, and coumarin, as well as the tolerogen dichloronitrobenzene, the irritant sodium dodecyl sulfate and the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide. All skin sensitizers up-regulated the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 and increased the CD83+ cell population. No expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR3, CCR6, or CXCR5 was observed on DCs exposed to the tested chemicals. The strong allergen dinitrochlorobenzene slightly increased CCR7 expression on DCs but down-regulated CCR1 surface expression. CCR1 down-regulation was not mediated by a classical maturation pathway, as it was unaffected by the corticosteroid dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jugdé
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, GURIFA, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes I, 35043 Rennes, France
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32
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Girault I, Rougier N, Chesné C, Lidereau R, Beaune P, Bieche I, de Waziers I. Simultaneous measurement of 23 isoforms from the human cytochrome P450 families 1-3 by quantitative RT-PCR. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 33:1803-10. [PMID: 16135659 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.005173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolism in humans is essentially performed by three cytochrome P450 (P450) families (1 to 3), including 23 isoforms. The expression of these P450s is highly variable, and the rate and nature of the metabolites produced depend on the nature and the concentration of individual isoforms. P450 expression pattern is therefore a necessary tool to evaluate the effects of a given drug on P450 expression, its potential toxicity, and eventual interference with other drugs administered concomitantly. This pattern provides a general outline of the induction/repression effects of drugs leading to further mechanistic studies. A real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to evaluate the overall P450 expression pattern and measure human CYP1 to CYP3 mRNAs involved in drug metabolism. Our RT-PCR-based P450 mRNA assay enables us to quantify P450s rapidly with high specificity, a single annealing temperature, and low amounts of biological sample. All 23 single assays were validated by assessing the effects (induction or repression) of known inducers (ethanol, 3-methylcholanthrene, rifampicin, dexamethasone, phenobarbital) on P450 expression in human primary hepatocytes. Since this method may be used to determine human P450 expression in any human tissue or cell culture, it is a valuable tool for reliable prediction of drug safety, drug toxicity, and drug-drug interference.
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Mahler S, Desille M, Frémond B, Chesné C, Guillouzo A, Campion JP, Clément B. Hypothermic storage and cryopreservation of hepatocytes: the protective effect of alginate gel against cell damages. Cell Transplant 2004; 12:579-92. [PMID: 14579926 DOI: 10.3727/000000003108747181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte-based therapy has been proposed as an alternative to organ transplantation in the treatment of liver disorders. In the clinical context, a major issue is the constant supply of quality assurance-controlled hepatocytes, thereby requiring their cold storage in good conditions. We have analyzed the protective effects of alginate entrapment of rat hepatocytes after either 24 or 48 h of hypothermic storage or cryopreservation on the cell viability, cell yield, both mitochondrial and other cytoplasmic functional activities, and apoptosis. Decrease in viability, as evaluated by the MTT inclusion test, was 4% and 13% (24 h at 4 degrees C), 15% and 33% (48 h at 4 degrees C), and 9% and 19% (liquid nitrogen) for entrapped and free suspended hepatocytes, respectively. Viable cell yields were 86 +/- 8% and 51 +/- 6% for cryopreserved entrapped and free suspended hepatocytes, respectively. The mitochondrial (MTS assay), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were better preserved in entrapped than in free suspended hepatocytes. Both hypothermic storage and cryopreservation were found to induce early caspase-3-like activities, being always much lower in entrapped hepatocytes, particularly after cryopreservation (98.4 +/- 42.4 vs. 6.4 +/- 4.0 fluorescence arbitrary units/hours/microg protein). Thus, cold-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes can be significantly reduced following their entrapment within alginate gel beads and this is associated with an improvement of both their viability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Mahler
- INSERM U456, Detoxication and Tissue Repair Unit, University of Rennes I, 2 avenue Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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Segner H, Chesné C, Cravedi JP, Fauconneau B, Houlihan D, LeGac F, Loir M, Mothersill C, Pärt P, Valotaire Y, Prunet P. Cellular approaches for diagnostic effects assessment in ecotoxicology: introductory remarks to an EU-funded project. Aquat Toxicol 2001; 53:153-158. [PMID: 11408076 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Rialland L, Guyomard C, Scotte M, Chesné C, Guillouzo A. Viability and drug metabolism capacity of alginate-entrapped hepatocytes after cryopreservation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2001; 16:105-16. [PMID: 10917566 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007690009927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated viability and detoxifying enzyme capacity of cryopreserved hepatocytes from various species, including man, immobilized in calcium alginate gels. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, phenacetin deethylase, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase, tolbutamide hydroxylase, S-mephenytoin hydroxylase, dextromethorphan demethylase, and nifedipine oxidation corresponding to the major cytochromes P450 (CYP) involved in xenobiotic metabolism as well as whole glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were measured using specific substrates and after exposure or not to prototypical inducers. After deep-freeze storage, viability of immobilized hepatocytes was only slightly reduced and most CYP-related monooxygenase activities were well preserved, being expressed at levels close to those measured in unfrozen hepatocyte monolayers. By contrast, total GST activity was decreased by around 50%. However, as did CYP1A- and 3A-related enzymes, rat GST remained capable of responding to prototypical inducers. The fold increases were comparable in unfrozen and frozen immobilized hepatocytes and in unfrozen hepatocyte monolayers. The duration of storage, even when exceeding one year, did not affect viability and functions. In conclusion, after cryopreservation, alginate-entrapped hepatocytes remain highly viable and capable of expressing most detoxifying enzymes at levels close to those expressed in corresponding unfrozen hepatocyte monolayers and of responding to prototypical inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rialland
- BIOPREDIC International, Rennes Atalante, Villejean, France
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Fentem JH, Briggs D, Chesné C, Elliott GR, Harbell JW, Heylings JR, Portes P, Roguet R, van de Sandt JJ, Botham PA. A prevalidation study on in vitro tests for acute skin irritation. results and evaluation by the Management Team. Toxicol In Vitro 2001; 15:57-93. [PMID: 11259870 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(01)00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A prevalidation study on in vitro tests for acute skin irritation was conducted during 1999 and 2000. The overall objective of validation in this area, of which this prevalidation study is an initial stage, is to identify tests capable of discriminating irritants (I) from non-irritants (NI), as defined according to European Union (EU) risk phrases ("R38"; no classification) and the harmonised OECD criteria ("Irritant"; no label). This prevalidation study specifically addressed aspects of: protocol refinement (phase I), protocol transfer (phase II), and protocol performance (phase III), in accordance with the prevalidation scheme defined by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). The tests evaluated were: EpiDerm (phases I, II and III), EPISKIN (phases I, II and III), PREDISKIN (phases I and II, and additional protocol refinement), the non-perfused pig ear method (phases I and II, and additional protocol refinement), and the mouse skin integrity function test (SIFT; phases I and II). Modified, standardised test protocols and well-defined prediction models were available for each of the tests at the end of phase I. The results of phase I (intralaboratory reproducibility) were sufficiently promising for all of the tests to progress to phase II. Protocol transfer between the Lead Laboratory and Laboratory 2 was undertaken for all five tests during phase II, and additional refinements were made to the test protocols. For EpiDerm, EPISKIN and the SIFT, the intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibilities were acceptable; however, better standardisation of certain aspects of the test protocols was needed prior to commencing phase III. Neither PREDISKIN nor the pig ear test performed sufficiently well in phase II to progress to phase III. The PREDISKIN protocol was overly sensitive, resulting in the prediction of all the NI chemicals as I. The variability in the pig ear test results was too great, indicating that the test would show limited predictive ability. In additional studies (a repeat of phase I), further modification of the PREDISKIN protocol and a change in the prediction model considerably improved the ability of the test to distinguish I from NI chemicals. However, attempts to improve the intralaboratory reproducibility of the pig ear test were unsuccessful. In phase III an initial assessment of the reproducibility and predictive ability, in three independent laboratories per test, was undertaken for the EpiDerm and EPISKIN tests (the SIFT was a late inclusion in the prevalidation study, and is being evaluated in a separate phase III study). A set of 20 coded chemicals (10 I, 10 NI) were tested with the final, refined, test protocols. The intralaboratory reproducibility was acceptable for both EpiDerm and EPISKIN. The interlaboratory reproducibility was considered to be acceptable for EPISKIN; however, for EpiDerm, analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was a statistically significant laboratory effect on the overall variability, suggesting that the interlaboratory transferability of the test needs to be improved. The EpiDerm test had an overall accuracy of 58%, with an over-prediction rate of 37% and an under-prediction rate of 47%. The EPISKIN test had an overall accuracy of 58%, showing an under-prediction rate of 23% and an over-prediction rate of 60%. It is concluded that, as yet, none of the tests evaluated in this prevalidation study are ready for inclusion in a formal validation study on in vitro tests for acute skin irritation. Overall protocol performance of the SIFT is currently being evaluated in a phase III study. Further studies are also in progress to improve the test protocols and prediction models for EpiDerm and EPISKIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Fentem
- Unilever Research, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, UK.
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Anderson R, O'Hare M, Balls M, Brady M, Brahams D, Burt A, Chesné C, Combes R, Dennison A, Garthoff B, Hawksworth G, Kalter E, Lechat A, Mayer D, Rogiers V, Sladowski D, Southee J, Trafford J, van der Valk J, van Zeller AM. The Availability of Human Tissue for Biomedical Research: The Report and Recommendations of the ECVAM Workshop 32. Altern Lab Anim 1998; 26:763-77. [PMID: 11660754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Abstract
1. The metabolism of Meloxicam (ME) and the cytochrome(s) P450 (CYPs) involved were analysed by using primary human hepatocytes, human liver microsomes and microsomes from recombinant human B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. 2. While human hepatocytes were capable of converting ME to a 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite (M7) and then to a 5-carboxyderivative (M5), human liver microsomes formed mostly only the 5-hydroxymethylderivative. The kinetics of the formation of M7 by human liver microsomes were biphasic with Km = 13.6 +/- 9.5 and 381 +/- 55.2 microM respectively. The corresponding Vmax were 33.7 +/- 24.2 and 143 +/- 83.9 pmol/min/mg protein respectively. 3. CYP2C9 and, to a much lesser extent, CYP3A4 were found to convert ME to M7. The involvement of 2C9 was demonstrated by inhibition of tolbutamide hydroxylase activity in the presence of ME, inhibition of ME metabolism by sulphaphenazole, correlation between ME metabolism and tolbutamide hydroxylase activity and active metabolism of ME by recombinant 2C9. The involvement of 3A4 was shown by inhibition of ME metabolism by ketoconazole, correlation between ME metabolism and nifedipine oxidase activity and metabolism of ME by recombinant 3A4. Kinetics of the formation of M7 by the individual enzymes resulted in a Km = 9.6 microM and Vmax = 8.4 pmol/min/mg protein for 2C9 and a Km = 475 microM and Vmax = 23 pmol/min/mg protein for 3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chesné
- Inserm U 456, Détoxication et Réparation Tissulaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rennes, France
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Joly B, Fardel O, Cecchelli R, Chesné C, Puozzo C, Guillouzo A. Selective drug transport and P-glycoprotein activity in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Toxicol In Vitro 1995; 9:357-64. [DOI: 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guyomard C, Bouffechoux J, Bourniche J, Chesné C. Evaluation of PREDISAFE, a cell kit for predicting eye irritancy of cosmetic raw materials and formulations. Cell Biol Toxicol 1994; 10:375-9. [PMID: 7697499 DOI: 10.1007/bf00755785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A cell kit named PREDISAFE based on the use of confluent rabbit fibroblastic cells has been designed to predict eye irritancy of cosmetic raw materials and formulations. The kit can be stored for a few days and/or shipped at room temperature. Cytotoxicity was estimated after 1 min or 15 min contact with test compounds using the neutral red release assay. For the 84 products tested, IC50 values gave intervals similar to classes defined from the Draize test, i.e., mild, moderate, severe and extreme irritancy.
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Hirel B, Chesné C, Pailheret JP, Guillouzo A. Expression of differentiation markers in human adult keratinocytes cultured in submerged conditions. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1994; 30A:372-8. [PMID: 7522100 DOI: 10.1007/bf02634357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that human keratinocytes cultured in submerged conditions with non-delipidized serum do not express the major differentiation markers, i.e. 67 kDa keratin, ceramides, and lanosterol. However, they were mostly performed with neonatal or juvenile keratinocytes after a few passages, and not all the markers were analyzed in parallel. In this study, we compared the expression of several differentiation markers in preconfluent and postconfluent adult breast keratinocytes in primary and secondary cultures before and after cryopreservation. When primary cultures reached confluence, the 67 kDa keratin was synthesized, transglutaminase activity was increased, and, although overall lipid synthesis dropped, both lanosterol and free fatty acids contents were augmented. The same pattern was observed in postconfluent subcultures at Passage 2; however decreased overall lipid synthesis was more pronounced. Cryopreservation of keratinocytes just after isolation or after a few days in culture did not result in the loss of expression of these specific epidermic markers. Thus, adult breast keratinocytes in postconfluent submerged cultures represent an in vitro model that possesses various features of the normal epidermis, even after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hirel
- BIOPREDIC, Rennes-Atalante-Villejean, Rennes, France
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Chesné C, Guyomard C, Fautrel A, Poullain MG, Frémond B, De Jong H, Guillouzo A. Viability and function in primary culture of adult hepatocytes from various animal species and human beings after cryopreservation. Hepatology 1993; 18:406-14. [PMID: 8340070 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840180227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreserved hepatocytes from various animal species and human beings were tested for their ability to survive and function in primary culture. The freeze/thaw protocol primarily designed for rat hepatocytes was used with slight modifications for the cells of all other species; it consisted of suspending parenchymal cells in the Leibovitz L15 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum and 10% to 16% dimethyl sulfoxide. After transient storage at 4 degrees C cell suspensions were transferred to -20 degrees C and then to -70 degrees C before being plunged in liquid nitrogen. Hepatocytes were stored for a few weeks to 4 yr. Prolonged storage did not augment loss of cell viability and function. Cell viability after thawing was estimated by the trypan blue exclusion test, and attachment efficiency to plastic was estimated by measuring intracellular lactate dehydrogenase content. Similar values were obtained for most species tested; after cryopreservation cell viability and attachment were decreased by 10% to 25% and by 40% to 50%, respectively. A lower attachment rate was found with dog hepatocytes. Total cytochrome P-450 and protein synthesis were compared in fresh and cryopreserved cells from four species after 4, 24, 48 or 72 hr of culture. Similar values were found in both cells after 24 or 48 hr of culture. In addition, drug-metabolizing activities were measured in human hepatocytes from five donors. In most cases phenacetin deethylation activity was decreased whereas procainamide N-acetylation and paracetamol sulfoconjugation and glucuronidation were increased in cryopreserved cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chesné
- Unité de Recherches Hépatologiques, INSERM U 49, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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Fautrel A, Chesné C, Guillouzo A, Sousa GD, Placidi M, Rahmani R, Braut F, Pichon J, Hoellinger H, Vintèzou P, Melcion C, Cordier A, Lorenzon G, Benicourt M, Fournex R, Bichet N, Gouy D. A Multicentre Study of Acute In Vitro Cytotoxicity in Rat Hepatocytes: Tentative Correlation Between In Vitro Toxicities and In Vivo Data. Altern Lab Anim 1993. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299302100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A multicentre validation study of the acute in vitro cytotoxicities of 31 liquid or solid chemicals was carried out by six laboratories, using primary rat hepatocyte cultures as a model system. We report here a comparison of neutral red uptake IC50 and LD50 values. Oral, i.p. and i.v. LD50 values were available for 27, 24 and 18 chemicals, respectively, and an IC50 value was obtained for 15, 14 and 11 of these compounds, respectively. A significant correlation was found only between IC50 and i.v. LD50 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Fautrel
- INSERM Unit 49, Unite de Recherches Hépatologiques, Hôpital de Pont Chaillou, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Chesné
- INSERM Unit 49, Unite de Recherches Hépatologiques, Hôpital de Pont Chaillou, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - André Guillouzo
- INSERM Unit 49, Unite de Recherches Hépatologiques, Hôpital de Pont Chaillou, 35033 Rennes, France
| | | | - Michel Placidi
- INSERM Unit 278, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Roger Rahmani
- INSERM Unit 278, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Braut
- INSERM-CNRS, UA 400, Faculté de Médecine, rue des Saints Peres, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Jacqueline Pichon
- INSERM-CNRS, UA 400, Faculté de Médecine, rue des Saints Peres, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Henri Hoellinger
- INSERM-CNRS, UA 400, Faculté de Médecine, rue des Saints Peres, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Pascale Vintèzou
- Institut de Recherche sur la Sécurité du Médicament, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, 94140 Alfortuille, France
| | - Celine Melcion
- Institut de Recherche sur la Sécurité du Médicament, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, 94140 Alfortuille, France
| | - André Cordier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Sécurité du Médicament, Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, 94140 Alfortuille, France
| | - Giocondo Lorenzon
- Département de Toxicologic, Roussel Uclaf, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Marc Benicourt
- Département de Toxicologic, Roussel Uclaf, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Robert Fournex
- Département de Toxicologic, Roussel Uclaf, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Nicole Bichet
- Département de Toxicologic, Sanofi Recherche, 34802 Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Gouy
- Département de Toxicologic, Sanofi Recherche, 34802 Montpellier, France
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Chesné C, Dehouck MP, Jolliet-Riant P, Brée F, Tillement JP, Dehouck B, Fruchart JC, Cecchelli R. Drug transfer across the blood-brain barrier: comparison of in vitro and in vivo models. Adv Exp Med Biol 1993; 331:113-5. [PMID: 8333324 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2920-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Chesné
- BIOPREDIC Co, Technopole Rennes-Atalante Villejean, Rennes, France
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Perrot N, Chesné C, De Waziers I, Conner J, Beaune PH, Guillouzo A. Effects of ethanol and clofibrate on expression of cytochrome P-450 enzymes and epoxide hydrolase in cultures and cocultures of rat hepatocytes. Eur J Biochem 1991; 200:255-61. [PMID: 1879429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb21074.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cultured and cocultured rat hepatocytes were used to study the effects of ethanol and clofibrate on cytochrome P-450 (P-450) enzymes and epoxide hydrolase. We showed that in the presence of ethanol, clofibrate or both compounds, rat hepatocytes were able to express, after 3 days of pure culture, quantitatively and qualitatively reasonable levels of most cytochrome P-450 enzymes and epoxide hydrolase, compared to freshly isolated hepatocytes. However, ethanol induced the P-450IA subfamily, and clofibrate the P-450-IVA subfamily. In cocultures, after 6 days, most P-450 enzymes were still expressed while P-450IIC11 was completely lost. Ethanol and clofibrate had the same effect as in pure culture. These results show, by modifying culture medium conditions and cell-cell interactions, that it is possible to maintain reasonable xenobiotic-metabolizing-enzyme expression; however, these conditions have to be improved in order to preserve better P-450 expression. The mechanism of these effects and the inducibility of these systems remain to be elucidated by a study at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perrot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 75, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
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Fautrel A, Chesné C, Guillouzo A, de Sousa G, Placidi M, Rahmani R, Braut F, Pichon J, Hoellinger H, Vintézou P, Diarte I, Melcion C, Cordier A, Lorenzon G, Benicourt M, Vannier B, Fournex R, Peloux A, Bichet N, Gouy D, Cano J, Lounes R. A multicentre study of acute in vitro cytotoxicity in rat liver cells. Toxicol In Vitro 1991; 5:543-7. [DOI: 10.1016/0887-2333(91)90090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Alterations in extracellular matrix occur in many chronic liver diseases leading to the formation of hepatic fibrosis. We have studied the effects of the putative hepatoselective fibrosuppressive compound HOE 077, a proinhibitor of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, on normal adult human and rat hepatocytes in primary culture. In human hepatocyte cultures, the cytotoxicity of HOE 077 was assessed after a 20-h treatment at concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 2 mg/ml of medium. No significant change was found in cell morphology, neutral red uptake, red oil staining, lactate dehydrogenase release, tetrazolium salt reduction, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and protein synthesis; however, HOE 077 slightly decreased DNA synthesis at 2 mg/ml. In rat hepatocyte cultures, the cytotoxicity of the compound was assessed by testing the same parameters after a daily exposure of cultures for 2 days or 4 days, at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 4.5 mg/ml of medium. Whatever the concentration, the compound had no obvious morphological effect. However, hepatocytes were less spread at the concentration of 4.5 mg/ml. HOE 077 at 2 mg/ml slightly decreased neutral red uptake but was without obvious effect on protein synthesis after 2 days. By contrast, on day 4, protein synthesis was markedly reduced in hepatocyte cultures exposed to HOE 077 at 4.5 mg/ml. Hydroxyproline content determination in media from 4-day-old hepatocyte cultures incubated with HOE 077 at 0.5 to 4.5 mg/ml, showed a dose-dependent decrease in the hydroxyproline/proline ratio in acetic acid soluble material. By indirect immunoperoxidase, intracellular collagen IV was found to be inhibited in hepatocyte cultures after 4 days of exposure to 4.5 mg/ml HOE 077.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clément
- INSERM U 49, Unité de Recherches Hépatologiques, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate direct cytotoxicity to human and rat hepatocytes in primary culture from halothane and compare it with that of isoflurane, which is known to be minimally metabolized and less toxic in vivo. Both human and rat parenchymal cells were isolated by the two-step collagenase perfusion method and after attachment to plastic were incubated with either volatile anesthetic for 24 h. All the cultures were maintained in 20% O2 condition and were not induced prior to anesthetic treatment. Temperature, atmosphere conditions, and anesthetic concentrations were kept constant during the study period. Evaluation of cytotoxicity was based on morphologic, biologic (determination of both extracellular and intracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity), and metabolic (protein synthesis and secretion) end points. Protein synthesis and secretion rates were found to be the most sensitive parameters in hepatocyte cultures from both species. Protein synthesis was inhibited by 18% and protein secretion by 50% in the presence of 1 and 1.25 mM halothane, respectively, in human cell cultures (P less than 0.05). With 1.25 mM halothane intracellular lactate dehydrogenase was also decreased; lactate dehydrogenase leakage and morphologic alterations were detected only beyond 5 mM halothane. By contrast, in rat hepatocyte cultures protein secretion was inhibited by 26% and protein synthesis by 20% in the presence of 0.1 and 0.75 mM halothane, respectively, whereas morphologic alterations and a 37% lactate dehydrogenase leakage increase were observed with the concentration of 1 mM (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mallédant
- Unité de Recherches Hépatologiques, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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Abstract
Various parameters, including the nature and proportion of the constituents of the cryoprotective medium, the cooling rate, and the composition of the thawing medium, were evaluated for the cryopreservation of adult rat hepatocytes. The highest percentage of cells able to survive in culture was obtained by freezing in L15 medium containing 16% dimethyl sulfoxide, at a rate of 3 degrees C/min, and by adding 0.8 M glucose to the thawing medium. More than 50% of hepatocytes capable of attachment just after cell isolation kept this property after freezing and survived in primary culture. Dead cells could be eliminated before seeding by centrifugation on a Percoll layer. In culture, frozen cells exhibited a morphology similar to that of unfrozen cells and after 24 hr their protein secretion rate was reduced by only about 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chesné
- INSERM U 49, Unité de Recherches Hépatologiques, Hôpital de Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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