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Salas-Wright CP, Schwartz SJ, Mejía-Trujillo J, Garcia MF, Sahbaz S, Bates M, Andrade P, Perez-Gomez A, Maldonado-Molina MM. The Crisis Migration Experience Scale: Developing and validating a tool for Venezuelan youth and adults residing in Colombia. Psychol Trauma 2024:2024-74080-001. [PMID: 38635210 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although prior research has shown that an array of distinct experiences related to crisis migration are associated with mental health, there is a pressing need for a theory-driven, multidimensional measure to assess the broad spectrum of crisis migration experiences. As such, the present study focused on developing and validating the Crisis Migration Experience Scale (CMES) with a sample of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia. METHOD Participants were adolescent (ages 12-17; n = 430) and adult migrants from Venezuela (ages 18+; n = 569). Randomly splitting the adolescent and adult samples in half, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with 26 original items. After identifying a satisfactory factor structure to generate a 16-item CMES (CMES-16), we examined the associations of the CMES-16 with mental health outcomes. RESULTS We provide evidence for reliability, factorial validity, and concurrent validity of scores generated by the CMES-16 in a sample of Venezuelan crisis migrants in Colombia. Whereas our a priori conceptualization included seven domains, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that four are especially salient: material hardship, desperation, danger, and unplanned departure. CONCLUSIONS Crisis migration is an increasingly important construct frequently referenced in the literature on migrant health and by international humanitarian organizations. The number of crisis migrant groups worldwide is increasing, with Ukrainians and Afghans recently added to the list of such groups, along with Venezuelans, Syrians, South Sudanese, Iraqis, and Central Americans. Developing and validating the CMES-16 with Venezuelan crisis migrants opens up important avenues of research, including work that incorporates other crisis migrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
| | | | | | - Sumeyra Sahbaz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Melissa Bates
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
| | | | | | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
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García MF, Montero-Zamora P, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina M, Pineros-Leano M, Hodges JC, Bates M, Brown EC, Rodríguez J, Calderón I, Schwartz SJ. The impact of cultural stress on family functioning among Puerto Rican displaced families and the effect on mental health. Fam Process 2024. [PMID: 38632594 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hurricane María caused significant devastation on the island of Puerto Rico, impacting thousands of lives. Puerto Rican crisis migrant families faced stress related to displacement and relocation (cultural stress), often exhibited mental health symptoms, and experienced distress at the family level. Although cultural stress has been examined as an individual experience, little work has focused on the experience as a family. To address this gap, we conducted a mixed-methods study designed to examine the predictive effects of cultural stress on family conflict and its mental health implications among Puerto Rican Hurricane María parent and child dyads living on the U.S. mainland. In the quantitative phase of the study, 110 parent-child dyads completed an online survey assessing cultural stress, family dynamics, and mental health. As part of our primary analysis, we estimated a structural equation path model. Findings from the quantitative phase showed a significant positive relationship between family cultural stress and family conflict, as well as individual parent and child mental health symptoms. In the qualitative phase of the study, 35 parent-child dyads participated in individual interviews. Findings from the interviews revealed variations in difficulties related to language, discrimination, and financial burdens, with some participants adapting more quickly and experiencing fewer stressors. Findings also highlight the impact on mental health for both parents and youth, emphasizing the family-level nature of cultural stress, while noting a potential discrepancy between qualitative and quantitative findings in the discussion of family conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Montero-Zamora
- Departments of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Educational Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mildred Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - J C Hodges
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Bates
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Ivonne Calderón
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Departments of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Educational Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
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Salas-Wright CP, Schwartz SJ, Maldonado-Molina MM, Keum BT, Mejía-Trujillo J, García MF, Cano MÁ, Bates MM, Pérez-Gómez A. Online xenophobia and mental health among Venezuelan migrant youth in Colombia: The interplay with "in-person" discrimination. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2024:2024-71996-001. [PMID: 38602793 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Emerging research provides insights into migration-related cultural stress experiences and mental health among Venezuelan migrants; however, prior studies have not considered the critical distinction between online xenophobia and in-person discrimination. To address this gap, we assess the psychometric properties of an abbreviated version of the Perceived Online Racism Scale (PORS) with Venezuelan migrant youth and examine the interplay between online xenophobia, in-person discrimination, and mental health. Survey data were collected from Venezuelan migrant youth (N = 319; ages 13-17, 49.5% female) in Colombia in April-July 2023. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the PORS, and multiple regression was conducted to examine key associations. The CFA showed excellent model fit: χ²(7) = 13.498, p = .061; comparative fit index = .989; Tucker-Lewis index = .977; root-mean-square error of approximation = .055; standardized root-mean-square residual = .026. Controlling for demographic factors, online xenophobia was associated with depressive symptoms (β = .253, p < .001) and anxiety (β = .200, p = .001). The online xenophobia-mental health association weakened when controlling for in-person discrimination but remained nevertheless significant (depression: β = .181, p = .002, anxiety: β = .135, p = .026). Interaction effects (Online × In-Person) revealed a pattern in which greater exposure to online xenophobia was associated with greater distress, but only at relatively low levels of in-person discrimination. Findings provide new insights regarding (a) the properties of an increasingly relevant measure of cultural stress, (b) how online xenophobia relates to mental health, and (c) the interplay of online and in-person cultural stressors vis-à-vis mental health among Venezuelan migrant youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
| | - Brian TaeHyuk Keum
- Carolyn A. and Peter S. Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College
| | | | | | | | - Melissa M Bates
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
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Pineros-Leano M, Garcia MF, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Bates MM, Costas-Rodríguez B, Calderón I, Brown EC, Schwartz SJ. Experiences of cultural stress among U.S. citizen migrants: A mixed method approach. J Couns Psychol 2024:2024-54452-001. [PMID: 38358675 DOI: 10.1037/cou0000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico, devastating the archipelago and forcing thousands of Puerto Ricans to migrate to the U.S. mainland. Guided by a cultural stress theory framework, the present mixed method study examined how various cultural stressors impact participants' daily interactions and mental health outcomes. A total of 319 adult Hurricane Maria survivors residing on the U.S. mainland participated in the study. A mixed method sequential explanatory design was used. First, we used latent profile analysis (LPA) and multinomial logistic regression to identify the varied cultural stress experiences that participants had. Then we used data from semistructured interviews to better understand the experiences of participants classified into the different LPA profiles. Four profiles were identified: "moderate cultural stress" (35%), "overall low" (29%), "high cultural stress" (26%), and "low language stress" (10%). Multinomial regression indicated that members of the moderate cultural stress, high cultural stress, and low language stress profiles all reported significantly higher depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to members of the overall low profile. Qualitative data exemplified the daily experiences of participants placed into each profile, demonstrating that participants have rich and varied experiences that can contribute to their mental health symptoms. The present study documents the contributions of hurricane trauma and cultural stress vis-à-vis current mental health symptoms. Clinicians working with Hurricane Maria survivors should be cognizant of and inquire about migration-related cultural stressors including discrimination, feelings of being unwelcomed, and difficulty communicating in the destination community's dominant language. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education in Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
| | - Melissa M Bates
- Department of Health Education in Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
| | | | - Ivonne Calderón
- Department of Health Education in Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida
| | - Eric C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
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Dell NA, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Maldonado-Molina MM, Oh S, Bates M, Schwartz SJ. A machine learning approach using migration-related cultural stress to classify depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among hurricane survivors. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:77-84. [PMID: 37992771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data science approaches have increasingly been used in behavioral health research and may be useful for addressing social factors contributing to disparities in health status. This study evaluated the importance of cultural stress-related factors in classifying depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adult survivors (N = 319) of Hurricane Maria who migrated from Puerto Rico to the United States mainland. METHODS We evaluated the performance of random forests (RF) and logistic regression (LR) for classifying PTSD and depression. Models included demographic, hurricane exposure, and migration-related cultural stress variables. We inspected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, balanced accuracy, F1 score, precision, recall, and specificity. RESULTS Negative context of reception and language-related stressors were moderately important for accurately classifying depression and PTSD. For classifying depression, RF showed higher accuracy, balanced accuracy, specificity, precision, and F1. For classifying PTSD, RF showed higher accuracy, specificity, precision, and F1. LIMITATIONS A more thorough classification model would also include biomarkers (e.g., of allostatic load), family, community, or neighborhood-level attributes. Findings may not generalize to other groups who have experienced crisis-related migration. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the importance of culturally and linguistically appropriate and trauma-informed clinical services for recent migrants. Use of assessments to identify pre-migration and post-migration stressors could inform clinical practice with migrants presenting with behavioral health-related difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Dell
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America.
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, United States of America
| | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- University of Florida, College of Health & Human Performance, Department of Health Education & Behavior, United States of America
| | - Sehun Oh
- Ohio State University, College of Social Work, United States of America
| | - Melissa Bates
- University of Florida, College of Health & Human Performance, Department of Health Education & Behavior, United States of America
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Education, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, United States of America
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Sahbaz S, Cox RB, Montero-Zamora P, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Bates MM, Pérez-Gómez A, Mejía-Trujillo J, Vos SR, Scaramutti C, Perazzo PA, Duque M, Garcia MF, Brown EC, Schwartz SJ. Measuring Anxiety Among Latino Immigrant Populations: Within-Country and Between-Country Comparisons. Assessment 2024:10731911231223715. [PMID: 38217446 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231223715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most prevalent mental health disorder among adults worldwide. Given its increased prevalence among migrants due to their marginalized position in the societies where they reside, psychometric evaluations of anxiety measures such as the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) are needed for use with migrants. The present study is the first attempt to compare the structure of GAD-7 scores for (a) different Latino groups in the same country and (b) the same Latino group in two different countries. Using three samples of Mexican and Venezuelan migrants (total N = 933), we provide reliability and validity evidence of the GAD-7 for use with adult Latino migrants. Utilizing confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, we demonstrate that the GAD-7 is internally consistent, possesses a strong single-factor structure, and generates scores with equivalent psychometric properties. GAD-7 is appropriate for use with Mexican and Venezuelan migrants across differing gender groups and education levels.
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Morrison M, Hai AH, Bandaru YS, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG. Opioid Misuse and Associated Health Risks among Adults on Probation and Parole: Prevalence and Correlates 2015-2020. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:20-28. [PMID: 37735916 PMCID: PMC10754470 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2257319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As state legislatures work to reduce prison populations and increase the use of community-based alternatives, limited knowledge exists about the service needs of those under criminal justice supervision in the community. Preliminary research indicates unusually high rates of disease, disability, and death. Health risks for this population include opioid misuse, a form of substance misuse that has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. Evidence indicates this may be one of multiple epidemics this population experiences, complicating intervention. METHODS Our study included 5154 individuals on probation or parole. Using 2015-2020 data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), we conducted a series of logistic regressions examining associations between opioid misuse and a range of health risks, controlling for sociodemographic variables and survey year. RESULTS Approximately 17% of those on probation or parole indicated past-year opioid misuse, a rate 4 times higher than in the general population. Compared to those on probation and parole who did not misuse opioids, it was associated with higher odds of other health risk behaviors and mental health problems. For example, the odds of marijuana and cocaine use were 4-6 times higher and the odds of substance use disorder were 10 times higher. Similarly, the odds of experiencing major depressive episodes and serious psychological distress were 2-3 times higher. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a markedly high risk for opioid misuse within this population along with associated risks for behavioral and mental health problems. The complex treatment needs of this population require greater policy attention and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morrison
- Saint Louis University, 1 North Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63103, U.S
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- Tulane University, 127 Elk Place, New Orleans, LA 70112, U.S
| | | | | | - Michael G. Vaughn
- Saint Louis University, 1 North Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63103, U.S
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Ertanir B, Cobb CL, Unger JB, Celada-Dalton T, West AE, Zeledon I, Perazzo PA, Cano MÁ, Des Rosiers SE, Duque MC, Ozer S, Cruz N, Scaramutti C, Vos SR, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Nehme L, Martinez CR, Zayas LH, Schwartz SJ. Crisis Migration Adverse Childhood Events: A New Category of Youth Adversity for Crisis Migrant Children and Adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1871-1882. [PMID: 36626084 PMCID: PMC10661744 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present article proposes an extension of the concept of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to apply to crisis migration - where youth and families are fleeing armed conflicts, natural disasters, community violence, government repression, and other large-scale emergencies. We propose that adverse events occurring prior to, during, and following migration can be classified as crisis-migration-related ACEs, and that the developmental logic underlying ACEs can be extended to the new class of crisis-migration-related ACEs. Specifically, greater numbers, severity, and chronicity of crisis-migration-related ACEs would be expected to predict greater impairments in mental and physical health, poorer interpersonal relationships, and less job stability later on. We propose a research agenda centered around definitional clarity, rigorous measurement development, prospective longitudinal studies to establish predictive validity, and collaborations among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Ertanir
- School of Education, Institute Research and Development, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Bahnhofstrasse 6, 5210, Windisch, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - Amy E West
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Ingrid Zeledon
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | | | - Maria C Duque
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | | | - Natalie Cruz
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Saskia R Vos
- University of Miami (Florida), Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Lea Nehme
- Florida International University, Miami, United States
| | | | - Luis H Zayas
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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Dell NA, Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP. Firearm injury among people experiencing homelessness: Cross-sectional evidence from a national survey of United States emergency departments. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2023; 6:100446. [PMID: 37954558 PMCID: PMC10638013 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at high risk for violent victimization. This study leverages unique data from a national study in the United States of America to provide estimates of non-fatal firearm injury among PEH and to describe the contexts related to injury, such as substance use, intent of the injury, and precipitating interpersonal factors. Study design Cross-sectional. Methods Data from the 1993-2020 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Firearm Injury Surveillance Study (NEISS-FISS) were used to describe the context and characteristics of non-fatal firearm injury among PEH aged 16 years or older. Homeless status and substance use data were extracted from a de-identified narrative field. Estimates were weighted to account for the NEISS-FISS complex sampling design. Results Probable homelessness was identified in 0.10% of cases (n = 3,225). Substance use was documented in 22.73% of cases. Assault comprised 82.64% of injuries. Patients were mostly male (81.38%). Missing data were common on contextual variables: verbal argument (64.62%), physical fight (54.48%) or other criminal activity (62.33%). Conclusions Assault is a leading cause of non-fatal firearm injury for PEH and is greater than rates of assault in non-fatal firearm injuries in the general population. Substance use was documented in nearly one quarter of patients, although this is less than expected given prior evidence. Reliance on narrative fields for key variables likely underestimates rates of PEH and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A. Dell
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Salas-Wright CP, Hai AH, Vaughn MG, Hodges JC, Goings TC. Driving under the influence of cannabis and alcohol: Evidence from a national sample of young drivers. Addict Behav 2023; 147:107816. [PMID: 37572491 PMCID: PMC10529886 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Driving under the influence (DUI) of psychoactive substances is an important public health and criminal justice issue, impacting the lives of millions of Americans. Although recent research provides up-to-date information regarding DUI among adults, there is a pressing need for research that focuses specifically on younger/underage drivers. We draw from a large, nationally-representative sample to provide up-to-date evidence as to the prevalence and key criminal justice, substance use, and behavioral health correlates of DUI of cannabis and alcohol among drivers ages 16 to 20 in the United States. METHODS We used data from the 2020 and 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (young drivers ages 16-20; N=12,863). All analyses-survey adjusted prevalence estimates, logistic regression-were conducted using Stata SE 17.0 and weighted to account for the study's stratified cluster sampling design. RESULTS The prevalence of DUI-cannabis for the full sample-including those not endorsing past-year use-was 6.3%. Among youth endorsing past-year cannabis use, 24.5% reported DUI of cannabis. In the full sample and among cannabis users, DUI-cannabis risk was elevated among older and male youth. The prevalence of DUI-alcohol was 2.6% among all youth and 6.1% among youth reporting past-year alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Estimates indicate that more than one million young drivers each year are placing their lives and those of others at risk by operating motor vehicles after consuming cannabis and/or alcohol. Findings underscore the importance of prevention efforts targeting underaged cannabis and alcohol-impaired driving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James C Hodges
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Trenette Clark Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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James C. H, Maldonado-Molina MM, Schwartz SJ, García MF, Piñeros-Leaño MF, Bates MM, Montero-Zamora P, Calderón I, Rodríguez J, Salas-Wright CP. The impact of hurricane trauma and cultural stress on posttraumatic stress among hurricane Maria survivors relocated to the U.S. mainland. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2023:2024-23222-001. [PMID: 37917483 PMCID: PMC11063122 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Following Hurricane Maria, scores of Puerto Rican "Maria migrants" fled the island with thousands permanently resettling on the United States (U.S.) mainland. Emerging evidence suggests that many Maria migrants are exposed to migration-related cultural stressors, including discrimination, negative context of reception, and language stress. The present study examines the associations of premigration hurricane trauma and postmigration cultural stress with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and positive PTSD screens. METHOD Participants were 319 adult (age 18+, 71% female) Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors on the U.S. mainland. Data were collected virtually between August 2020 and October 2021. Participants completed Spanish-language measures of hurricane-related trauma, postmigration cultural stress exposure, PTSD symptoms, and positive screens. RESULTS One in five (20.5%) Maria migrants reported PTSD scores in the range indicating a likely PTSD diagnosis (i.e., positive screen of 50+). Both hurricane trauma and migration-related cultural stressors independently predicted posttraumatic stress and positive PTSD screens. Additionally, controlling for the effect of hurricane trauma, discrimination and language stress were strongly linked with PTSD. Further, hurricane trauma and cultural stressors interact such that cultural stress predicts PTSD-positive screens at low-to-moderate levels of hurricane trauma exposure but not at high-to-very-high levels. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of providing mental health and other psychosocial supports to hurricane survivors and evacuees beyond the immediate aftermath of the disaster, and the need to consider both premigration trauma and postmigration experiences in terms of the mental health of crisis migrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodges James C.
- Boston College, School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina
- University of Florida, School of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education in Behavior, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Education, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Melissa M. Bates
- University of Florida, School of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education in Behavior, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pablo Montero-Zamora
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Education, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ivonne Calderón
- University of Florida, School of Health and Human Performance, Department of Health Education in Behavior, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - José Rodríguez
- Iglesia Episcopal Jesús de Nazaret, Orlando, Florida, USA
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12
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Vos SR, Salas-Wright CP, Espinosa G, Scaramutti C, Lee TK, Duque M, Schwartz SJ. Perceived discrimination and posttraumatic stress disorder among Venezuelan migrants in Colombia and the United States: The moderating effect of gender. Psychol Trauma 2023; 15:1076-1084. [PMID: 35549381 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between perceived discrimination and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes among recently arrived Venezuelan parents in Florida and Colombia. The secondary aim was to determine whether, given the existence of an association between perceived discrimination and PTSD, this association may have been moderated by gender or by country of relocation. This is the first study to examine perceived discrimination and PTSD in Venezuelan migrants. METHOD In October 2017, 647 Venezuelan migrant parents (62% female, average age 33) participated in an online survey in the United States (primarily Florida) and Colombia (Bogotá). The survey was cross-sectional and assessed mental health outcomes, perceived discrimination, and participant demographics. RESULTS There was a significant positive association between discrimination and PTSD outcomes when controlling for age, college completion, marital status, and recency of arrival (β = .25, p < .001). Further, this relationship was moderated by gender, with the relationships of discrimination with PTSD symptom severity (β = .26, p < .001) and likelihood of a positive PTSD screen (OR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [1.04, 1.09], p < .001) both reaching significance for women but not for men. CONCLUSIONS Perceived discrimination is an important factor when considering mental health outcomes among Venezuelans in the United States and in Colombia. Further, our findings suggest the presence of gender differences in the relationship between discrimination and PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia R Vos
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | | | | | - Carolina Scaramutti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Tae Kyoung Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Maria Duque
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
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Hodges JC, Goings TC, Vaughn MG, Oh S, Salas-Wright CP. Sexual minorities and substance use treatment utilization: New evidence from a national sample. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2023:209060. [PMID: 37207837 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minority stress theory suggests that sexual minorities would be, on average, less likely than heterosexual individuals to seek out substance use treatment (due to concerns of stigma and rejection). However, prior research on the subject is mixed, and largely dated. In light of historic increases in societal acceptance and legal protections for sexual minorities, the field needs an up-to-date assessment of treatment utilization among this population. METHODS This study used data from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine the association between key independent variables (sexual identity, gender) and substance use treatment utilization using binary logistic regression. We conducted analyses using a sample of adults with a past-year substance use disorder (N = 21,926). RESULTS Controlling for demographic factors, with heterosexual individuals as the comparison group, gay/lesbian individuals (AOR = 2.12, CI = 1.19-3.77) were significantly more likely and bisexual individuals (AOR = 0.49, CI = 0.24-1.00) significantly less likely to report treatment utilization. Bisexual individuals were also less likely than gay/lesbian individuals to report treatment utilization (AOR = 0.10, CI = 0.05-0.23). Interaction tests examining sexual orientation and gender showed no difference in treatment utilization between gay men and lesbian women, and revealed that bisexual identity was associated with decreased likelihood of treatment utilization for men (p = .004) but not for women. CONCLUSION Sexual orientation, particularly in the context of social identity, plays a significant role in substance use treatment utilization. Bisexual men face unique barriers to treatment, which is concerning given the high rates of substance use among this and other sexual minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Hodges
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States of America.
| | - Trenette C Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Cano MÁ, De La Rosa M, Schwartz SJ, Salas-Wright CP, Keum BTH, Lee CS, Pinedo M, Cobb CL, Field CA, Sanchez M, Castillo LG, Martinez P, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Piña-Watson B, de Dios MA. Alcohol Use Severity among Hispanic Emerging Adults: Examining Intragroup Marginalization, Bicultural Self-Efficacy, and the Role of Gender within a Stress and Coping Framework. Behav Med 2023; 49:172-182. [PMID: 34818984 PMCID: PMC9126992 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.2006130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Most research on cultural stressors and alcohol has focused on intercultural stressors. Continuing to exclude intracultural stressors (e.g., intragroup marginalization) from alcohol research will yield a biased understanding of the experiences of Hispanics living in a bicultural society. As we amass more studies on intracultural stressors, research will be needed to identify mutable sociocultural factors that may mitigate the association between intracultural stressors and alcohol. To address these limitations, we examined the association between intragroup marginalization and alcohol use severity and the extent to which gender and bicultural self-efficacy may moderate this association. A convenience sample of 200 Hispanic emerging adults ages 18-25 (men = 101, women = 99) from Arizona (n = 99) and Florida (n = 101) completed a cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses. Higher intragroup marginalization was associated with higher alcohol use severity. Gender functioned as a moderator whereby intragroup marginalization was associated with higher alcohol use severity among men, but not women. Also, higher social groundedness functioned as a moderator that weakened the association between intragroup marginalization and alcohol use severity. Role repertoire did not function as a moderator. Our findings are significant because they enhance the reliability of the association between intragroup marginalization and alcohol use severity, and the moderating effect of gender in this respective association. This emerging line of research suggests that alcohol interventions targeting Hispanics may have a significant limitation by not accounting for intracultural stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Cano
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University
| | | | | | - Brian T H Keum
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Cory L Cobb
- College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Craig A Field
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University
| | | | | | - Elma I Lorenzo-Blanco
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin Texas Tech University
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15
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Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Maldonado-Molina MM, Bates M, Brown EC, García MF, Rodríguez J, Schwartz SJ. The importance of acculturation orientation in understanding the impact of pre- and post-migration stressors on behavioral health: Evidence from a crisis migrant sample. J Clin Psychol 2023. [PMID: 36905346 PMCID: PMC10363205 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine the interplay of acculturation orientation, cultural stress, and hurricane trauma exposure with behavioral health among Puerto Rican crisis migrants who relocated to the US mainland after Hurricane Maria. METHOD Participants were 319 adult (Mage = 39 years; 71% female; 90% arriving in 2017-2018) Hurricane Maria survivors surveyed on the US mainland. Latent profile analysis was used to model acculturation subtypes. In turn, ordinary least squares regression was executed to examine the associations of cultural stress and hurricane trauma exposure with behavioral health while stratifying by acculturation subtype. RESULTS Five acculturation orientation subtypes were modeled, three of which-Separated (24%), Marginalized (13%), and Full Bicultural (14%)-align closely with prior theorizing. We also identified Partially Bicultural (21%) and Moderate (28%) subtypes. Stratifying by acculturation subtype, with behavioral health (depression/anxiety symptoms) specified as the dependent variable, hurricane trauma and cultural stress accounted for only 4% of explained variance in the Moderate class, a somewhat greater percentage in the Partial Bicultural (12%) and Separated (15%) classes, and substantially greater amounts of variance in the Marginalized (25%) and Full Bicultural (56%) classes. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of accounting for acculturation in understanding the relationship between stress and behavioral health among climate migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education in Behavior, School of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa Bates
- Department of Health Education in Behavior, School of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - María F García
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - José Rodríguez
- Iglesia Episcopal Jesús de Nazaret, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Montero-Zamora P, Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Brown EC, Vos SR, Garcia MF, Scaramutti C, Rodriguez J, Bates MM, Schwartz SJ. Hurricane stress, cultural stress, and mental health among hurricane Maria migrants in the U.S. mainland. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2023; 93:211-224. [PMID: 36802364 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hurricane Maria (2017) caused great damage to Puerto Rico, undermining people's quality of life and forcing thousands to migrate to the U.S. mainland. Identifying individuals at elevated risk of suffering mental health problems as a function of being exposed to hurricane and cultural stress is crucial to reducing the burden of such health outcomes. The present study was conducted in 2020-2021 (3-4 years postdisaster) with 319 adult Hurricane Maria survivors on the U.S. mainland. We aimed to (a) identify latent stress subgroups, as defined by hurricane stress and cultural stress, and (b) map these latent stress subgroups or classes onto sociodemographic characteristics and mental health indicators (i.e., symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety). We used latent profile analysis and multinomial regression modeling to accomplish the study aims. We extracted four latent classes: (a) low hurricane stress/low cultural stress (44.7%), (b) low hurricane stress/moderate cultural stress (38.7%), (c) high hurricane stress/moderate cultural stress (6.3%), and (d) moderate hurricane stress/high cultural stress (10.4%). Individuals in the low hurricane stress/low cultural stress class reported the highest household incomes and levels of English-language proficiency. The moderate hurricane stress/high cultural stress class reported the worst mental health outcomes. While postmigration cultural stress, as a chronic stressor, emerged as the most important predictor of poor mental health, hurricane stress, as an acute stressor that occurred several years earlier, emerged as less influential. Our findings might be used to inform mental health prevention experts who work with natural disaster survivors forced to migrate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami
| | - Saskia R Vos
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami
| | | | | | | | - Melissa M Bates
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin
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17
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Park D, Oh S, Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG. Trends and distinct profiles of persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2015-2019. Prev Med 2022; 164:107289. [PMID: 36209817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug injection represents a major health problem in the US, with severe health consequences including the transmission of blood-borne infections. An examination of the most recent trends in drug injection is warranted by the fast-evolving drug epidemic and recent policy changes such as the federal funding ban on needle exchange programs. This research examines current drug injection trends, patterns, and socioeconomic and behavioral profiles of people who inject drugs (PWID). Data were derived from the 2002 to 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). After examining the annual prevalence of drug injection since 2002, a latent class analysis was conducted to identify drug injection and other substance misuse patterns among PWID using the latest (2015-2019) NSDUH datasets. Associations between class membership and behavioral health comorbidities and treatment receipt were also assessed. The drug injection prevalence among US adults aged 18-64 increased from 0.21% in 2002/2004 to 0.36% in 2017/2019. Three distinctive groups were identified: the heroin injection group (45.2%), the methamphetamine injection group (28.0%), and the multi-drug injection group (26.8%). The methamphetamine injection group reported greater risks of experiencing serious psychological distress, suicidality, and limited substance use treatment. Special attention is needed for those who primarily injected methamphetamine. Programs to promote harm reduction and increase access to addiction treatment need to be expanded in at-risk communities while accounting for their distinct socioeconomic and drug use/misuse profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejun Park
- Department of Social Work, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States..
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Manuel Cano
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States
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18
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Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Pérez-Gómez A, Trujillo JM, Schwartz SJ. The Venezuelan diaspora: Migration-related experiences and mental health. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101430. [PMID: 35985072 PMCID: PMC9870179 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since 2015, the Venezuelan diaspora has poured forth from the Venezuelan sending context into an array of (mostly) middle-income receiving countries and into the United States (US) as well. For many Venezuelan migrants, post-migration reception has been mixed, and multiple studies suggest that mental health is an important challenge with discrimination and negative context reception contributing to mental health burden in terms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Cross-national research points to important sociodemographic differences between Venezuelan migrants resettled in South American contexts and in the US, and suggests that-on average-migration-related cultural stress is lower and mental health outcomes are better among those resettling in South Florida and elsewhere in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mildred M Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Oh S, Noel L, Hernandez D, Vaughn MG. Socioeconomic inequalities and Black/White disparities in US cocaine-involved overdose mortality risk. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2023-2035. [PMID: 35249125 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether socioeconomic inequalities account for Black/White disparities in: (a) the prevalence of potential risk factors for overdose among adults using cocaine; and (b) national mortality rates for cocaine-involved overdose. METHODS Data from 2162 Non-Hispanic (NH) Black or White adults (26 +) who reported past-year cocaine use in the 2015-2019 National Survey of Drug Use and Health were analyzed to obtain predicted probabilities of potential overdose risk factors by race and sex, using marginal effects via regression analyses, adjusting for age and socioeconomic indicators. Next, National Center for Health Statistics data (for 47,184 NH Black or White adults [26 +] who died of cocaine-involved overdose between 2015 and 2019) were used to calculate cocaine-involved overdose mortality rates by race and sex across age and educational levels. RESULTS Several potential overdose vulnerabilities were disproportionately observed among NH Black adults who reported past-year cocaine use: poor/fair overall health; cocaine use disorder; more days of cocaine use yearly; hypertension (for women); and arrests (for men). Adjusting for age and socioeconomic indicators attenuated or eliminated many of these racial differences, although predicted days of cocaine use per year (for men) and cocaine use disorder (for women) remained higher in NH Black than White adults. Cocaine-involved overdose mortality rates were highest in the lowest educational strata of both races; nonetheless, Black/White disparities were observed even at the highest level of education, especially for adults ages 50 + . CONCLUSION Age and socioeconomic characteristics may account for some, yet not all, of Black/White disparities in vulnerability to cocaine-involved overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
| | - Christopher P Salas-Wright
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, 1947 College Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lailea Noel
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Dora Hernandez
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, St. Louis University, 3550 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
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20
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Schwartz SJ, Montero-Zamora P, Salas-Wright CP, Brown EC, Garcia MF, Scaramutti C, Rodríguez J, Piñeros-Leaño M, Bates MM, Maldonado-Molina MM. After Hurricane Maria: Effects of disaster trauma on Puerto Rican survivors on the U.S. mainland. Psychol Trauma 2022:2023-04285-001. [PMID: 36174152 PMCID: PMC11077626 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In September 2017, Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico. Houses were destroyed, millions of people lost power and access to clean water, and many roads were flooded and blocked. In the years following the storm, hundreds of thousands of people have left Puerto Rico and settled on the U.S. mainland. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of disaster trauma among Puerto Rican adults who moved to the U.S. mainland after Hurricane Maria. METHOD Participants were 319 adult Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors on the U.S. mainland. Women comprised 71.2% of the sample. Data were collected between August 2020 and October 2021. Participants completed Spanish-language measures of hurricane-related trauma, perceived ethnic discrimination and negative context of reception on the U.S. mainland, language stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, optimism, life satisfaction, and problem drinking. RESULTS We estimated a structural equation model where hurricane trauma predicted cultural stress, which in turn predicted internalizing symptoms, optimism, and life satisfaction. Internalizing symptoms, optimism, and life satisfaction were specified as predictors of problem drinking. Results indicated that hurricane trauma predicted cultural stress. Cultural stress predicted internalizing symptoms, optimism, and life satisfaction. Internalizing symptoms predicted problem drinking. Hurricane trauma indirectly predicted internalizing symptoms through cultural stress and indirectly predicted problem drinking through cultural stress and internalizing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic experiences from the storm may predispose Puerto Rican Hurricane Maria survivors to perceive cultural stress on the U.S. mainland. In turn, cultural stressors may be associated with internalizing symptoms and alcohol problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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21
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Oh S, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Freisthler B. Prescription Drug Misuse Among U.S. Mothers of Minor Children in 2015-2019: Trends, Profiles, and Behavioral Health Comorbidities. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:712-720. [PMID: 36136442 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.21-00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the persistent and elevated risks of prescription drug misuse (PDM) among parenting mothers in the United States, few population-based studies of this phenomenon have been conducted. To address this gap, the present study examined the latest PDM trends and patterns among parenting mothers and assessed their behavioral health comorbidities and treatment utilization. METHOD Data were derived from a nationally representative U.S. sample of parenting mothers recruited for the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. After examining PDM trends since 2015, we conducted a latent class analysis to identify distinctive PDM patterns among mothers reporting past-year PDM (n = 3,042). Associations between class membership and behavioral health comorbidities/treatment receipt were tested. RESULTS We found increasing PDM trends among unmarried Hispanic mothers since 2015, whereas no notable changes were observed for other racial/ethnic groups. Of the mothers reporting past-year PDM, nearly 50% were likely to misuse prescription stimulants with alcohol/marijuana (17.9%) or multiple prescription drugs (31.7%). Specifically, the Poly-Prescription Drug Misuse group reported greater risks of illicit drug use and mental disorders than the Prescription Opioids Misuse group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that special attention is needed for PDM among unmarried Hispanic (for recent increasing trends) and White (for persistently higher rates) mothers as well as mothers misusing multiple prescription drugs. Their distinctive PDM patterns as well as heightened behavioral health comorbidities and low treatment receipt suggest the need for a screening and treatment referral system that addresses the unique treatment needs and barriers facing parenting mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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22
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Goings TC, Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Mendez Campos B, Vaughn MG. Prevalence and correlates of driving under the influence of stimulants: Evidence from a national sample. Addict Behav 2022; 132:107364. [PMID: 35653963 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several million Americans use illicit stimulants every month and national data suggest stimulant use is increasing. However, little evidence exists that examines the prevalence and correlates of driving under the influence of stimulants (DUIS). The present study aimed to provide new evidence on the prevalence of DUIS in the U.S. adult population. METHODS This study examined data from 170,944 adults 18 and older in the 2016-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Using Stata and R, we estimated the prevalence and key correlates of DUIS among adults in the United States. RESULTS The overall prevalence of DUIS was 0.7% among adults in general and 28.3% among past-year stimulant users. Among the full adult sample, the prevalence of DUI cocaine was 0.5% and the prevalence of DUI methamphetamine was 0.3%. More than one in five (21.6%) adults with past year cocaine use reported DUI of cocaine, while nearly one half (47.2%) of adults with past year methamphetamine use reported DUI of methamphetamine. There is also a substantially higher likelihood of driving under the influence of stimulants among individuals reporting early onset of use and among those meeting criteria for cocaine/methamphetamine use disorders. Among adults who used cocaine/methamphetamine, those who reported driving under the influence of stimulants were more than 2 times more likely to experience a depressive episode or psychological distress. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that prevention/treatment approaches focused on multiple substances as well as mental health needs may be most appropriate for addressing the challenge of DUIS.
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Hai AH, Carey KB, Vaughn MG, Lee CS, Franklin C, Salas-Wright CP. Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use among college students in the United States, 2006-2019. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100452. [PMID: 36106094 PMCID: PMC9465098 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
US college students’ simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use rate was rising. There was an upward trend of SAM use among Black college students (2006–2019). Hispanic and Asian American/Pacific Islander students’ trend remained stable.
Objective Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use exposes college students to a myriad of adverse consequences. However, there is no recent nationally representative study on SAM use among college students in the United States (US). To provide an update to the literature, the present study aimed to examine the trends, prevalence, and correlates of SAM use among US college students between 2006 and 2019, using nationally representative data. Method We used data from the 2006–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the analytic sample was limited to the 55,669 full-time college student respondents (ages 18–22). Using logistic regression analysis, we assessed trends in SAM use prevalence and examined sociodemographic and psycho-social-behavioral correlates of SAM use. Results The proportion of US college students who reported SAM use increased significantly from 8.13% (2006–2010) to 8.44% (2015–2019). However, examination by race/ethnicity revealed that the increasing trend was largely driven by Black college students, whose SAM use prevalence increased significantly from 5.50% (2006–2010) to 9.30% (2015–2019), reflecting a 69.09% increase. SAM use rates did not change significantly among other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions This study uncovered an upward trend and prevalence of SAM use among US college students, calling for more research and public health interventions in this area. At-risk subgroups that warrant more attention include college students who are Black, female, above the legal drinking age, have a lower than $20,000 household income, and reside in small metropolitan areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, 127 Elk Place, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Corresponding author at: Tulane University School of Social Work, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 1 N. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christina S. Lee
- Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health, School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cynthia Franklin
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Motley RO, Byansi W, Siddiqi R, Bills KL, Salas-Wright CP. Perceived Racism-based police use of force and cannabis use among Black emerging adults. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 15:100430. [PMID: 35495418 PMCID: PMC9046117 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert O. Motley
- School of Social Work, Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
- Corresponding author at: Racism-based Violence Injury & Prevention Lab, Boston College School of Social Work, 140 Commonwealth Ave, McGuinn Hall, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States.
| | - William Byansi
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rebekah Siddiqi
- School of Social Work, Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Kaycee L. Bills
- School of Social Work, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC, United States
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Hai AH, Oh S, Lee CS, Kelly JF, Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP. Mutual-help group participation for substance use problems in the US: Correlates and trends from 2002 to 2018. Addict Behav 2022; 128:107232. [PMID: 35042001 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutual-help groups (MHGs) are an integral component of the substance use disorder (SUD) treatment system in the U.S., and growing evidence suggests that they are effective and cost-effective for SUD-related problems. However, not much is known about the MHG participation patterns in the U.S. METHODS Using the 2002-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data, we estimated the annual participation rates and examined the psycho-social-behavioral correlates of MHG participation using logistic regression. RESULTS There was no significant linear trend of MHG participation in the total US adult population between 2002 and 2018 (AOR = 0.999, 95% CI = 0.991-1.007). Among adults with past-year SUD, 4.8-7.4% of men and 4.4-6.7% of women participated in MHGs. MHG participants were more likely to be middle-aged (vs. young adults), lower education (less than high school, high school, some college vs. college or higher), lower income (annual household income <$20,000, $20,000-39,999 vs. $75,000 + ), be unemployed or not in the labor force (vs. employed), and were less likely to be Black/African American (vs. White American) and have lower English proficiency (speak English not well/not at all vs. very well/well),. CONCLUSION MHG participation rates have remained relatively stable over the past two decades. MHGs were utilized more by individuals with lower socioeconomic status indicators and more criminal/legal involvement, possibly due to MHGs' free accessibility. However, research is needed to understand why young adults, Black, and individuals with lower English proficiency are somewhat less likely to attend MHGs.
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Salas-Wright CP, Cano M, Hai AH, Cano MÁ, Oh S, Piñeros-Leaño M, Vaughn MG. Alcohol abstinence and binge drinking: the intersections of language and gender among Hispanic adults in a national sample, 2002-2018. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:727-736. [PMID: 34374827 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research examining alcohol use using national data has often overlooked vital heterogeneity among Hispanics, especially that related to language dominance and gender. We examine the prevalence of alcohol abstinence and-given prior research suggesting that many Spanish dominant Hispanics do not drink-examine rates of binge drinking among past-year alcohol users with a focus on the intersections of language and gender among Hispanics, while drawing comparisons with non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black adults. METHODS Drawing from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health-a nationally representative survey between 2002 and 2018-we examine the year-by-year prevalence of alcohol abstinence and binge drinking among adults ages 18 and older in the United States. RESULTS A disproportionate number of Spanish-dominant Hispanics abstain from alcohol use (54%), with particularly high levels of alcohol abstinence observed among Spanish dominant women (men: 39%, women: 67%). The prevalence of alcohol abstinence among English-dominant Hispanic men (24%) and women (32%) is far lower, approximating that of NH Whites (men: 23%, women: 32%). Importantly, however, among Spanish-dominant drinkers, the prevalence of binge drinking (men: 52%, women: 33%) is comparable to or greater than NH Whites (men: 42%, women: 32%). Binge drinking levels among English-dominant Hispanic men (50%) and women (37%) are greater than among their NH White counterparts. CONCLUSION Findings paint a complex picture; consistent with prior research, we see that many Hispanics abstain from alcohol, but we also see new evidence underscoring that-among Hispanic drinkers-the prevalence of binge drinking is disconcertingly elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - María Piñeros-Leaño
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Kim Y, Oh S, Fadel PJ, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG. Trends of Substance Use among Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 2015-2019. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19010577. [PMID: 35010837 PMCID: PMC8744837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the adverse effects of substance use on health among individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD), little is known about trends and correlates for substance use among individuals with CVD. We examined trends of use in tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis among US adults with heart disease. Using nationally representative data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 7339), we conducted survey-adjusted logistic regression analyses to test the significance of trends in substance use while controlling for sociodemographic factors and related correlates. Results showed that the prevalence of cannabis use among adults with a heart condition significantly increased. Notably, the prevalence of cannabis use increased by 91% among non-Hispanic Whites, while the increasing trends were not present among other racial/ethnic groups. Our results also showed that increase in cannabis use was associated with easier access, lower disapproval, and risk perceptions of cannabis. Special attention is needed to raise awareness of the risk associated with cannabis use among individuals with CVD and the implementation of an early screening and treatment strategy among those with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-272-3185
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Paul J. Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA;
| | | | - Michael G. Vaughn
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
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Salas-Wright CP. Risk, resilience, and thriving among racial/ethnic minorities and underserved populations at-risk for substance use disorders. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2022; 48:1-7. [PMID: 34932401 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1995403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Goings TC, Salas-Wright CP, Legette K, Belgrave FZ, Vaughn MG. Far from a monolith: a typology of externalizing behavior among African American youth. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:111-125. [PMID: 34379168 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have examined externalizing behaviors among African American youth using variable-centered approaches that study aggression and delinquency separately. However, aggression and delinquency often operate together in shaping adolescent behavior. For this reason, person-centered approaches are essential for identifying subgroups of African American youth using multiple indicators of aggression and delinquency to model the behavioral heterogeneity within this population. We examined the relationship between interpersonal, school, and parenting factors and externalizing behaviors among African American youth. METHOD Drawing from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2015-2018, we conducted latent class analysis based on 5 externalizing behavior indicator variables (i.e., serious fight, attack to harm, stealing, drug selling, handgun carrying) using a sample of 7,236 African American adolescents, aged 12-17. RESULTS We identified a three class solution: Class #1-No Involvement (74.4%), characterized by very low levels of involvement in all of the externalizing behaviors examined; Class #2-Serious fight (23.3%), which is characterized by near-universal involvement in a serious fight, far lower levels of attack to harm, and negligible levels of stealing, drug selling, and handgun caring; and Class #3-Multidimensional externalizing (2.3%), characterized by very high levels of involvement in all of the externalizing variables examined. CONCLUSION Most African American youth are not involved in externalizing behaviors. It is vital to support both the large majority of African-American youth who are abstaining from externalizing behaviors and to develop/implement programs to address the contextual and interpersonal needs of youth at elevated risk for consequences related to externalizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenette Clark Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | | | - Kamilah Legette
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 E. Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Faye Z Belgrave
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 820 W. Franklin St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Hai AH, Oh S, Lopez-Quintero C, Lee CS, Kelly JF, Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP. Mutual Help Group Participation for Alcohol and Drug Problems: Uncovering Latent Subgroups. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:2009-2014. [PMID: 36149389 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2125276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This report aims to identify US mutual help group (MHG) participants' psycho-socio-behavioral profiles. Method: We used data from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health and the sample included 1022 adults with past-year substance use disorders (SUD). We conducted a latent class analysis to identify subgroups of MHG participants and estimated multinomial logistic regression models to examine the associations between sociodemographic/intrapersonal characteristics and class membership. Results: Analyses identified three latent classes. Class 1 (Low-Risk group, 54%) reported low risks in all correlates except for serious psychological distress (SPD, 33%). Class 2 (Psychological Distress group, 30%) demonstrated high risks of major depressive episodes (86%) and SPD (93%). Class 3 (Criminal Justice System Involvement group, 16%) showed high involvement in arrests (100%) and drug-related arrests (67%) and moderate risks for SPD (54%) and behavioral problems, e.g., drug selling (46%) and theft (35%). Compared to Class 1, Class 2 was more likely to be female, out of the labor force, and to show high risk propensity, and Class 3 was more likely to have lower education and drug use disorders. Class 3 was also less likely to be older, belong to the "other" racial/ethnic category, have lower English proficiency, and report alcohol use disorder. Conclusions: The three subgroups of the US MHG participant population illustrate the complex and heterogeneous psycho-social-behavioral profiles of MHG participants with SUD. MHG referral's effectiveness may be augmented by tailoring it to the patient/client's specific psycho-socio-behavioral profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | | | - Christina S Lee
- Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health, School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John F Kelly
- Center for Addiction Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Holzer KJ, AbiNader MA, Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP, Oh S. Crime and Violence in Older Adults: Findings From the 2002 to 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:764-781. [PMID: 32306830 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520913652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies on criminal behaviors largely focus on youth and younger adults. While criminal engagement declines with age, the aging population and significant costs associated with older offenders warrant their increased clinical and research attention. The present study utilizes data from the 2002 to 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to estimate the prevalence and explore the sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of criminal behavior in adults aged 50 years and older. The overall prevalence of older adults engaging in criminal behaviors during this time was approximately 1.20%. There was no significant difference in crime involvement between adults aged 50 to 64 years and 65 years and older. Older individuals who committed crimes were more likely to be male and Black and earning low income. Criminality was also associated with use of illicit substances and depression as well as receipt of mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- Saint Louis University, MO, USA
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sehun Oh
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Salas-Wright CP, Hodges JC, Hai AH, Alsolami A, Vaughn MG. Toward a typology of hallucinogen users in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109139. [PMID: 34781182 PMCID: PMC8665122 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly one in ten American adults have used hallucinogens, and emerging evidence suggests that the prevalence of use is increasing. However, our understanding of the degree to which individuals "specialize" in the use of a particular hallucinogen or are poly-hallucinogen users remains incomplete. METHODS This study examined data from 6381 individuals reporting past-year hallucinogen use in the 2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Logistic regression examined the association between the number of distinct hallucinogens used and psychosocial/behavioral risks, and latent class analysis (LCA) characterized subgroups of hallucinogen users. RESULTS The vast majority of hallucinogen users, roughly 70%, are not "specialists" who use only one hallucinogen type; rather, lifetime poly-hallucinogen use is the norm. Critically, however, we also see that important differences exist within the population of hallucinogen users-half (51%) could be classified as LSD-Mushroom-Ecstasy users only (this group was disproportionally comprised of youth), nearly one third (30%) were Poly-Hallucinogen users (this group was disproportionately male and non-Hispanic White), and smaller proportions were limited primarily to use of LSD-Mushrooms (6%; these individuals were almost exclusively ages 35 and older) or Ecstasy Only (12%; these individuals were mostly younger adults ages 18-34). CONCLUSIONS Findings provide a fresh contribution to our understanding of poly-hallucinogen use in a time in which local and state governmental leaders, and people across the country, weigh the benefits and drawbacks of legalizing specific hallucinogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Salas-Wright
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467,Corresponding Author: Christopher P. Salas-Wright
- 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
- 617-552-0324 (work phone),
| | - James C. Hodges
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, 127 Elk Pl., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Abdulaziz Alsolami
- Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, 1 N. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63103
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Salas-Wright CP, Cano M, Hodges J, Oh S, Hai AH, Vaughn MG. Driving while under the influence of hallucinogens: Prevalence, correlates, and risk profiles. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109055. [PMID: 34688107 PMCID: PMC8595810 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hallucinogen use is rising in the US, yet little is known regarding the prevalence and psychosocial/behavioral correlates of driving under the influence of these drugs. METHODS This study examined data from 4447 individuals ages 16-64 who reported past-year hallucinogen use in the 2016-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Prevalence estimates (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated for driving under the influence of hallucinogens (DUIH). Logistic regression examined psychosocial/behavioral correlates of DUIH, and latent class analysis (LCA) characterized subgroups of individuals reporting DUIH. RESULTS The prevalence of past-year hallucinogen use was 2.42% (CI = 2.30-2.54) and, in the general population, the prevalence of DUIH was 0.21%. Among past-year hallucinogen users, 8.94% (CI = 7.74-10.31) reported DUIH on at least one occasion over the previous 12 months. The probability of DUIH increased significantly with more frequent use. Compared to individuals who used hallucinogens and did not report DUIH, individuals reporting DUIH were significantly more likely to report mental health problems; use of other illicit drugs; selling drugs; a past-year arrest; or driving under the influence of alcohol, cannabis, or other illicit drugs. LCA identified three classes of individuals reporting DUIH, characterized by: use of and driving under the influence of cannabis; use of and driving under the influence of cannabis and other illicit drugs; and mental health concerns. CONCLUSIONS Nearly one in ten individuals who report using hallucinogens also report driving under the influence of hallucinogens-drugs that affect perception and risk-taking, with alarming implications for driving safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,United States
| | - James Hodges
- School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Hai AH, Lee CS, John R, Vaughn MG, Bo A, Lai PHL, Salas-Wright CP. Debunking the myth of low behavioral risk among Asian Americans: The case of alcohol use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109059. [PMID: 34600252 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asian Americans (AAs) are the fastest-growing ethnic group in the United States. There is a paucity of research on alcohol-related problems among AAs. However, alcohol use and misuse are a growing concern within this population and are associated with adverse health and mental health consequences. METHODS Using data from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), we examined the prevalence, psycho-social-behavioral correlates, and gender differences in drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) among AA adolescents and adults. We also estimated the prevalence of binge drinking and AUD by country of origin and nativity. RESULTS Older adolescents (15-17) had the highest prevalence of past-month drinking (8.00%), binge drinking (4.3%), and AUD (1.8%). Among AA adults, the highest rates of binge drinking (23.0%) and AUD (7.2%) were observed among young adults ages 18-25. The highest rates of binge drinking and AUD were observed among US-born Korean Americans (binge drinking: 26.9%, AUD: 13.1%) and US-born Filipino Americans (binge drinking: 25.9%, AUD: 6.2%). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to the common perception that AA is a low-risk group for alcohol problems, we found that AA young adults, US-born Korean, Filipino, and Indian Americans have a high risk for drinking, binge drinking, and/or AUD. We also identified risk and protective factors against alcohol use/misuse among AAs. Preventions and interventions that incorporate the important risk/protective factors for AAs using a culturally sensitive approach are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Christina S Lee
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Rachel John
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA; Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ai Bo
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
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Salas-Wright CP, Oh S, Vaughn MG, Pérez-Gómez A, Mejía-Trujillo J, Montero-Zamora P, Andrade P, Cohen M, Scaramutti C, Rodriguez J, Schwartz SJ. A validation of the Perceived Negative Context of Reception Scale with recently-arrived Venezuelan immigrants in Colombia and the United States. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2021; 27:649-658. [PMID: 34291972 PMCID: PMC8497403 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Millions of Venezuelans have left their country in search of safety and stability in the United States (U.S.) and Colombia, two countries where recent increases in anti-immigrant rhetoric and sentiment have occurred. The Perceived Negative Context of Reception Scale captures the degree to which immigrants report feeling that people from their country are unwanted/marginalized within their new receiving context. In the present study, we examine the psychometric properties of the Perceived Negative Context of Reception Scale with recent Venezuelan immigrant adolescents and adults in the U.S. and Colombia. METHOD We conducted confirmatory factor analysis using data from the Colombia and Miami's Newest Arrivals (CAMINAR) Study, which collected data from Venezuelan adults in Bogotá, Colombia, and South Florida in October-November 2017, and the Venezolanos en Nuevos Entornos (VENE) Youth Project which surveyed Venezuelan youth living in Florida between November 2018 and July 2019. RESULTS We found that the negative context of reception evidenced strong psychometric properties among immigrants in both the U.S. and in Colombia, among adolescents and adults, and among male and female respondents. We also found that negative context of reception scores was associated with elevated scores on criterion-related factors-that is, perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms-in ways that are theoretically coherent and support measure validity. CONCLUSION We provide new evidence that the Perceived Negative Context of Reception scale is reliable and valid for use with Venezuelan immigrants in the U.S. and Colombia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sehun Oh
- School of Social Work, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,
United States
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social
Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University,
Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Pablo Montero-Zamora
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of
Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United
States
| | | | - Mariana Cohen
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd,
Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | | | - José Rodriguez
- The Episcopal Diocese of Central Florida, Orlando, FL,
United States
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Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Goings TC, Cobb CL, Cohen M, Montero-Zamora P, Eschmann R, John R, Andrade P, Oliveros K, Rodríguez J, Maldonado-Molina MM, Schwartz SJ. Toward a Typology of Transnational Communication among Venezuelan Immigrant Youth: Implications for Behavioral Health. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:1045-1052. [PMID: 33033998 PMCID: PMC8026776 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We identify subtypes of Venezuelan youth based on patterns of technology-based communication with friends in their receiving (US) and sending (Venezuela) countries and, in turn, examine the behavioral health characteristics among different "subtypes" of youth. Using data from 402 recently-arrived Venezuelan immigrant youth (ages 10-17), latent profile analysis and multinomial regression are employed to examine the relationships between technology-based communication and key outcomes. We identified a four-class solution: [#1] "Daily Contact in US, In Touch with Venezuela" (32%), [#2] "Daily Communication in Both Countries" (19%), [#3] "Weekly Contact: More Voice/Text Than Social Media" (35%), and [#4] "Infrequent Communication with US and Venezuela" (14%). Compared to Class #1, youth in Classes #2 and #3 report elevated depressive symptomatology and more permissive substance use views. Findings suggest that how youth navigate and maintain transnational connections varies substantially, and that technology-based communication is related to key post-migration outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Salas-Wright
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Trenette Clark Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cory L Cobb
- College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Cohen
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pablo Montero-Zamora
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rob Eschmann
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rachel John
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Prevention Science & Community Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Evans K, Crea TM, Chu Y, Salas-Wright CP, Takeuchi D, Egmont W, Todo-Bom-Mehta C. Paths to Self-Sufficiency for Youth Served Through the Unaccompanied Refugee Minor Foster Care Program in the United States. Int Migration & Integration 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cano M, Perez Portillo AG, Figuereo V, Rahman A, Reyes-Martínez J, Rosales R, Ángel Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Takeuchi DT. Experiences of Ethnic Discrimination Among US Hispanics: Intersections of Language, Heritage, and Discrimination Setting. Int J Intercult Relat 2021; 84:233-250. [PMID: 34840361 PMCID: PMC8622792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informed by Latino Critical Race Theory, the present study examined how intersections between English use/proficiency, Spanish use/proficiency, and heritage group shape the varying experiences of ethnic discrimination reported by US Hispanic adults. METHODS The study utilized data from 7,037 Hispanic adults from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Multivariable binomial logistic regression modeled language use/proficiency, heritage, and demographic characteristics as predictors of past-year self-reported perceived ethnic discrimination, overall and in six different settings. RESULTS Both English and Spanish use/proficiency were positively associated with increased adjusted odds of reporting ethnic discrimination overall, in public, or with respect to employment/education/ housing/courts/police; however, with respect to being called a racist name or receiving verbal/physical threats/assaults, a positive association was observed for English, yet not Spanish. Results also indicated a significant interaction between English use/proficiency and Spanish use/proficiency when predicting past-year ethnic discrimination overall or for any of the six types/settings examined, although the relationship between language use/proficiency and ethnic discrimination varied by Hispanic heritage group. CONCLUSION Study findings emphasize that experiencing some form of ethnic discrimination is relatively common among US Hispanic adults, yet the prevalence and types or settings of ethnic discrimination vary widely on the basis of demographics, immigrant generation, heritage, and the interplay between English and Spanish use/proficiency.
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Oh S, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn M, Wernekinck UK. Trends in substance use and prevention education involvement among U.S. adolescents receiving public assistance: new evidence. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 64:1-7. [PMID: 34416356 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to examine the substance use prevention education involvement in different social settings among adolescents receiving public assistance-cash or food voucher-for low household income (heretofore, "PA program enrollees") and preventive effects of each prevention educational setting on current substance use. METHODS Using data from a nationally-representative sample of PA program enrollees from the 2002-2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we estimated the prevalence of substance use prevention education involvement in home, school, and neighborhood settings and the associations between involvement in each educational setting and current alcohol/illicit drug use. RESULTS Compared to nonenrollees, PA program enrollees reported significantly lower rates of involvement in all prevention education settings, including parent-child conversations (54.6% vs. 60.1%) and neighborhood prevention resources (71.3% vs. 79.3%). All educational setting were associated with lower odds of current substance use, with the largest effects found for parent-child conversations (AOR = 0.821 [P < .001] for alcohol use; AOR = 0.817 [P < .001] for illicit drug use). CONCLUSIONS To reduce the elevated risk of illicit drug use among PA program enrollees, special attention needs to be paid to promote parent-child conversation about substance use and increase access to prevention education in regular classes and preventive messages outside schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
| | | | - Michael Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO; Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Salas-Wright CP, Maldonado-Molina MM, Brown EC, Bates M, Rodríguez J, García MF, Schwartz SJ. Cultural Stress Theory in the Context of Family Crisis Migration: Implications for Behavioral Health with Illustrations from the Adelante Boricua Study. Am J Crim Justice 2021; 46:586-608. [PMID: 34248324 PMCID: PMC8258276 DOI: 10.1007/s12103-021-09626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico as a Category 4 hurricane with sustained winds of 155 miles per hour and torrential rains that ravaged the United States territory. In the midst of the crisis, several hundred thousand Maria survivors boarded humanitarian flights and cruise ships, seeking refuge on the United States mainland. More than three years later, tens of thousands of post-Maria migrants remain on the mainland as long-term emigres. In this article, we lay the theoretical/conceptual groundwork for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the experiences of post-Maria migrants. Specifically, we aim to assist readers in thinking deeply about: [1] why many Puerto Ricans relocated, [2] the experiences of post-Maria migrants en movimiento, and [3] how such experiences shape their lives, behavior, and well-being. In understanding the experiences of post-Maria migrants, several theories/constructs emerge as especially salient. These include "push and pull" models, cultural stress theory and its transnational variants, the concept of crisis migration, and models of cumulative risk. We provide a succinct overview of each of these theories/constructs and describe the broad perspectives that serve as a foundational or orienting paradigm for our work (i.e., the life course perspective, the strengths perspective, and an ecodevelopmental framework). Finally, we provide illustrations of how these theories/concepts apply to emerging data from the Adelante Boricua study, an ongoing research project with post-Maria migrant youth and their parents, supported by funding from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Eric C. Brown
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Melissa Bates
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, College of Health & Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | | | - María Fernanda García
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Seth J. Schwartz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
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Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP, Alsolami AS, Oh S, Goings TC. Margin for error: examining racial and ethnic trends in adolescent risk propensity. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:993-1002. [PMID: 33462735 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little research has accrued examining risk propensity across racial and ethnic groups, especially across time and at the population level. AIMS Using a margin for error framework to conceptualize risk variation among major racial and ethnic groups, we hypothesize that African American and Hispanic adolescents will be less likely to report engaging in dangerous risk taking acts compared to White adolescents. METHODS This study examines public-use data collected on risk propensity and risky behaviors among adolescents 12-17 between 2002 and 2018 as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). RESULTS While we observed decreased trends in risk propensity, controlling for demographic factors, we see significantly greater odds of reporting "never" engaging in risk for fun among NH Black (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.85-2.18) and Hispanic youth (AOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.37-1.58) as compared to NH White youth. NH Black (AOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.89) and Hispanic (AOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71-0.98) youth are also less likely than NH White youth to report "always" taking risks for fun. Moreover, the risk propensity-risky behaviors link was weaker among African American and Hispanic adolescents. CONCLUSIONS We find compelling evidence that African American and Hispanic adolescents are less likely to endorse deriving positive reinforcement from potentially dangerous risk taking acts compared to White adolescents. These findings suggest that African American and Hispanic youth may perceive less "margin for error" when navigating their environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA. .,Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Abdulaziz S Alsolami
- Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Trenette Clark Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Salas-Wright CP, Cano M, Hai AH, Oh S, Vaughn MG. Prevalence and Correlates of Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:e251-e260. [PMID: 33726992 PMCID: PMC8154651 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As cannabis use rises among adults in the U.S., driving under the influence of cannabis represents a public health concern. METHODS In 2020, public-use data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were examined, using an analytic sample of 128,205 adults interviewed between 2016 and 2018. The annual prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis was computed overall, by state, by demographic group, and among cannabis users. Demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral correlates of driving under the influence were tested by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The self-reported annual prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis was 4.5% (95% CI=4.3, 4.6) among U.S. adults, ranging from 3.0% (Texas) to 8.4% (Oregon) in individual U.S. states. Among cannabis users, 29.5% (95% CI=28.6, 30.3) reported driving under the influence of cannabis; the predicted probabilities of driving under the influence of cannabis were highest for those with more frequent use, with daily cannabis users evidencing a 57% predicted probability. Among individuals with symptoms suggestive of a cannabis use disorder, the prevalence of driving under the influence of cannabis was 63.8% (95% CI=60.8, 66.6). Among cannabis users, those reporting driving under the influence of cannabis had higher odds of driving under the influence of other illicit substances, using other illicit drugs, taking part in illegal behavior, and suffering from mental distress, after adjusting for demographic characteristics and psychosocial/behavioral correlates. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that prevention efforts should focus on frequent and problem cannabis users and should include content related to other illicit drug use and other drug-impaired driving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Audrey Hang Hai
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Salas-Wright CP, Hai AH, Oh S, Alsolami A, Vaughn MG. Trends in cannabis views and use among American adults: Intersections with alcohol consumption, 2002-2018. Addict Behav 2021; 116:106818. [PMID: 33453586 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to examine trends in cannabis views and use among US adults who are alcohol abstainers, non-binge drinkers, and binge drinkers. METHODS We used data from the 2002-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (US adults ages 18 and older, n = 664,152). Consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, we conducted survey-adjusted logistic regression analyses to examine the significance of survey year in relation to cannabis views/use while controlling for demographic factors. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2018, the proportion of adults reporting strong disapproval of cannabis use initiation decreased significantly (AOR = 0.947, CI = 0.945-948). While the prevalence of cannabis use increased significantly for non-binge (AOR = 1.070, CI = 1.065-1.076) and binge drinkers (AOR = 1.039, CI = 1.035-1.042), the trend increase was greatest among abstainers (OR = 1.099, CI = 1.088-1.111). The association between disapproval and cannabis use did not change between 2003 and 2018 among alcohol abstainers, but weakened among both non-binge (2003-2006: AOR = 0.154, CI = 0.135-0.176; 2014-2018: AOR = 0.221, CI = 0.200-0.246) and binge drinkers (2003-2006: AOR = 0.297, CI = 0.275-0.321; 2014-2018: AOR = 0.361, CI = 0.333-0.391). CONCLUSION Cannabis disapproval has decreased and cannabis use increased among alcohol abstainers, non-binge drinkers, and binge drinkers between 2002 and 2018. The impact of cannabis disapproval on use attenuated during the study period among drinkers but not among abstainers, suggesting that the effect of anti-cannabis attitudes may be weakening among those most likely to use cannabis.
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Salas-Wright CP, Goings TC, Vaughn MG, Cohen M, Andrade P, Pérez Gómez A, Duque M, Mejía Trujillo J, Maldonado-Molina MM, Schwartz SJ. Health risk behavior and cultural stress among Venezuelan youth: a person centered approach. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:219-228. [PMID: 32577793 PMCID: PMC7755753 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, more than 5 million Venezuelans have left their once prosperous country, with several hundred thousand settling in the United States (US). At present, our understanding of the health risk behavior profiles of Venezuelan émigré youth, and their links with cultural stress, remains limited. OBJECTIVES Drawing from a sample of recently-immigrated Venezuelan youth in the US, we aim to identify subtypes of youth according to their involvement in health risk behaviors (i.e., substance use, sexual risk behavior, violence) and assess the associations between class membership and key constructs related to cultural stress theory (i.e., negative context of reception, family communication/support). METHOD Latent profile analysis and multinomial regression were performed using data from a community-based convenience sample of 402 recently-arrived Venezuelan immigrant youth (ages 10-17; 56% male). RESULTS We identified five subtype classes: (1) "Abstainer" (36%), (2) "Alcohol Only" (24%), (3) "Alcohol/Tobacco" (24%), (4) "Aggression" (8%), and (5) "Multidimensional Risk" (8%). Compared to Class #1, youth in Classes #3 and #5 reported significantly higher levels of negative context of reception and lower levels of family functioning while controlling for demographic factors. Youth in Class #5 reported the lowest levels of family economic hardship and the longest duration in the US. CONCLUSION It is vital that we support both Venezuelan youth who abstain from risk behavior and, at the same time, develop and implement programs that target the needs of those who are at elevated risk for serious consequences related to substance use, sexual risk behavior, and violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trenette C Goings
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariana Cohen
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Duque
- Harvard University Extension School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Seth J Schwartz
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Abstract
Objective: Substance use continues to pose threats to adolescent health and development in the United States (U.S.). Despite evidence of effectiveness, little is known about adolescent participation in self-help groups (e.g., Alcoholic Anonymous, Alateen) and individual/group counseling for coping with own and another family member's substance use. This study provides new information on the prevalence and trends of adolescent participation in self-help groups and counseling for substance use using a nationally-representative sample. Methods: Data was derived from the 2002-2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which include cross-sectional samples of U.S. adolescents aged 12-17 (n=243,618). Specifically, year-by-year prevalence of program participation was estimated, and then the trends were tested using logistic regression analyses while controlling for sociodemographic factors. Results: We found that U.S. adolescents' participation in self-help groups and counseling for substance use decreased from 5.6% in 2002 to 3.4% in 2017, a 39 percent decline that was significant while controlling for sociodemographic confounds (AOR = 0.969, 95% CI = 0.963-0.974). The decreases were most notable among low-income (-39%) and Hispanic (-49%) adolescents. Conclusion: Findings suggest that barriers to therapeutic service use and potential unmet needs among U.S. adolescents, especially low-income and Hispanic adolescents affected by own and family member's substance use, need to be alleviated to promote healthy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Millan A AbiNader
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hai AH, Lee CS, Oh S, Vaughn MG, Piñeros-Leaño M, Delva J, Salas-Wright CP. Trends and correlates of Internet support group participation for mental health problems in the United States, 2004-2018. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 132:136-143. [PMID: 33091688 PMCID: PMC7566800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to examine the trends in Internet support group (ISG) participation among U.S. adults and to investigate the sociodemographic and behavioral health profiles of ISG participants. METHODS Data was derived from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2004-2018, n = 625,883). Logistic regression was used to examine significance of trend year and correlates of ISG participation. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify subtypes of ISG participants. RESULTS The proportion of U.S. adults participating in ISG increased significantly from 2.29% (2004-2007) to 3.55% (2016-2018). ISG participants were less likely to be male, 35 or older, be part of an ethnic/racial minority group, or have household incomes between $20,000 and $49,999. Black/African American participants and those classified as "other" race showed the largest percent increases, while Hispanics showed no change. ISG participants were more likely to have experienced a depressive episode and to have used cannabis. Three subtypes of ISG participants were identified, including the Lower Behavioral Health Risk group (62%), the Elevated Behavioral Health Risk group (24%), and the Depression, Cigarettes, and Cannabis group (14%). CONCLUSION Overall, we found an increasing trend in seeking mental health care through ISG among US adults since the early 2000s. While disparities among some disadvantaged groups such as Blacks/African Americans and individuals with lower household income were diminishing, continuing efforts to engage men, older adults, and Hispanics in ISG are needed. This investigation also identified distinct subtypes of ISG participants and provides important implications for future research on ISG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hang Hai
- Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health, School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Christina S. Lee
- Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health, School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, United States,Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jorge Delva
- Center for Innovation in Social Work & Health, School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Cobb CL, Salas-Wright CP, John R, Schwartz SJ, Vaughn M, Martínez CR, Awad G, Pinedo M, Cano MÁ. Discrimination Trends and Mental Health Among Native- and Foreign-Born Latinos: Results from National Surveys in 2004 and 2013. Prev Sci 2020; 22:397-407. [PMID: 33231824 PMCID: PMC10371212 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined national trends and mental health correlates of discrimination among Latinos in the USA. We used data from two nationally representative surveys based on the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions collected in 2004 and 2013. Results indicated that perceived discrimination, both any and recurrent, increased for Latinos across nearly every demographic, with the greatest increases occurring for Latinos who were ages 65 and older, had household incomes less than $35,000, were less educated, were immigrants, and who lived in the Midwest. Findings also indicated that any and recurrent discrimination were associated with increased odds of a mood, anxiety, or substance use disorder and this association was observed for nearly all manifestations of discrimination. We also observed a dose-response association where experiencing discrimination in a greater number of domains was associated with increased likelihood of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Results suggest that discrimination is a social stressor that has increased for Latino populations in recent years and may represent a serious risk factor for the psychological and behavioral health of Latinos. Findings are discussed in terms of prior research and the potential implications for prevention scientists working with Latino populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory L Cobb
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Ste D5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | | | - Rachel John
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, Room 1083, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michael Vaughn
- Saint Louis University, 3550 Lindell Blvd., Room 316, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Charles R Martínez
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Ste D5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Germine Awad
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Ste D5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Miguel Pinedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Ste D5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street AHC5, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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Oh S, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Zapcic I. Substance Misuse Profiles of Women in Families Receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Benefits: Findings from a National Sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ian Zapcic
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Oh S, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Zapcic I. Substance Misuse Profiles of Women in Families Receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Benefits: Findings from a National Sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020; 81:798-807. [PMID: 33308410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women in families receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) cash assistance are twice as likely to have a substance use disorder (SUD) than their non-TANF counterparts in the past year. However, evidence is limited about substance misuse patterns and comorbid mental health problems among women in TANF families. METHOD Data from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were used to examine the prevalence of substance misuse and use disorders among women age 18 or older in TANF families. We used latent class analysis to identify subgroups of distinctive substance misuse behaviors and tested the associations between SUD/serious psychological distress (SPD) and the group classification. RESULTS Despite higher odds of having an SUD in all substance categories than their non-TANF counterparts, more than 84% of the women in TANF families were considered to have low substance misuse risks. Of the three identified at-risk groups, the polysubstance and the prescription pain reliever and alcohol misuse groups reported higher risks of having an SUD and SPD than the low-risk group. Individuals at risk of marijuana and alcohol misuse, represented by young, Black mothers, reported the lowest rates of treatment receipt despite having past-year SUD, SPD, or both. CONCLUSIONS Although special attention needs to be paid to integrated care for those at risk of multiple substance misuse, additional efforts are required to increase substance abuse and mental health treatment among women at risk of marijuana and alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Oh
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ian Zapcic
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Cano MÁ, Schwartz SJ, MacKinnon DP, Keum BTH, Prado G, Marsiglia FF, Salas-Wright CP, Cobb CL, Garcini LM, De La Rosa M, Sánchez M, Rahman A, Acosta LM, Roncancio AM, de Dios MA. Exposure to ethnic discrimination in social media and symptoms of anxiety and depression among Hispanic emerging adults: Examining the moderating role of gender. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:571-586. [PMID: 32869867 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
METHOD Two hundred Hispanic emerging adults from Arizona (n = 99) and Florida (n = 101) completed a cross-sectional survey, and data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses. RESULTS Higher social media discrimination was associated with higher symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety. Moderation analyses indicated that higher social media discrimination was only associated with symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety among men, but not women. CONCLUSION This is likely the first study on social media discrimination and mental health among emerging adults; thus, expanding this emerging field of research to a distinct developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Cano
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - David P MacKinnon
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Brian T H Keum
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guillermo Prado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Cory L Cobb
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Luz M Garcini
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mariana Sánchez
- Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Abir Rahman
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Laura M Acosta
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Angelica M Roncancio
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcel A de Dios
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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