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Choi S, Son SH, Kim MY, Na I, Uversky VN, Kim CG. Improved prediction of protein-protein interactions by a modified strategy using three conventional docking software in combination. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126526. [PMID: 37633550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play a crucial role in many biological processes, where their interaction with other proteins are integral. Abnormal protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have been linked to various diseases including cancer, and thus targeting PPIs holds promise for drug development. However, experimental confirmation of the peculiarities of PPIs is challenging due to their dynamic and transient nature. As a complement to experimental technologies, multiple computational molecular docking (MD) methods have been developed to predict the structures of protein-protein complexes and their dynamics, still requiring further improvements in several issues. Here, we report an improved MD method, namely three-software docking (3SD), by employing three popular protein-peptide docking software (CABS-dock, HPEPDOCK, and HADDOCK) in combination to ensure constant quality for most targets. We validated our 3SD performance in known protein-peptide interactions (PpIs). We also enhanced MD performance in proteins having intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) by applying the modified 3SD strategy, the three-software docking after removing random coiled IDR (3SD-RR), to the comparable crystal PpI structures. At the end, we applied 3SD-RR to the AlphaFold2-predicted receptors, yielding an efficient prediction of PpI pose with high relevance to the experimental data regardless of the presence of IDRs or the availability of receptor structures. Our study provides an improved solution to the challenges in studying PPIs through computational docking and has the potential to contribute to PPIs-targeted drug discovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are integral to life, and abnormal PPIs are associated with diseases such as cancer. Studying protein-peptide interactions (PpIs) is challenging due to their dynamic and transient nature. Here we developed improved docking methods (3SD and 3SD-RR) to predict the PpI poses, ensuring constant quality in most targets and also addressing issues like intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and artificial intelligence-predicted structures. Our study provides an improved solution to the challenges in studying PpIs through computational docking and has the potential to contribute to PPIs-targeted drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Insung Na
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida; Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; CGK Biopharma Co. Ltd., 222 Wangshipri-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Son SH, Kim MY, Choi S, Kim JS, Lee YS, Lee S, Lee YJ, Lee JY, Lee SE, Lim YS, Ha DH, Oh E, Won YB, Ji CJ, Park MA, Kim B, Byun KT, Chung MS, Jeong J, Choi D, Baek EJ, Cho EH, Kim SB, Je AR, Kweon HS, Park HS, Park D, Bae JS, Jang SJ, Yun CO, Chae JH, Lee JW, Lee SJ, Kim CG, Kang HC, Uversky VN, Kim CG. A Cell-Penetrant Peptide Disrupting the Transcription Factor CP2c Complexes Induces Cancer-Specific Synthetic Lethality. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2305096. [PMID: 37845006 PMCID: PMC10667816 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in precision oncology, cancer remains a global public health issue. In this report, proof-of-principle evidence is presented that a cell-penetrable peptide (ACP52C) dissociates transcription factor CP2c complexes and induces apoptosis in most CP2c oncogene-addicted cancer cells through transcription activity-independent mechanisms. CP2cs dissociated from complexes directly interact with and degrade YY1, leading to apoptosis via the MDM2-p53 pathway. The liberated CP2cs also inhibit TDP2, causing intrinsic genome-wide DNA strand breaks and subsequent catastrophic DNA damage responses. These two mechanisms are independent of cancer driver mutations but are hindered by high MDM2 p60 expression. However, resistance to ACP52C mediated by MDM2 p60 can be sensitized by CASP2 inhibition. Additionally, derivatives of ACP52C conjugated with fatty acid alone or with a CASP2 inhibiting peptide show improved pharmacokinetics and reduced cancer burden, even in ACP52C-resistant cancers. This study enhances the understanding of ACP52C-induced cancer-specific apoptosis induction and supports the use of ACP52C in anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Yong Sang Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jin Youn Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Seol Eui Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Young Su Lim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eonju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Young-Bin Won
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Chang-Jun Ji
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, 27478, South Korea
| | - Kyu Tae Byun
- Department of Biotechnology and Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, 27478, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Chung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Baek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eung-Ho Cho
- Department of Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, South Korea
| | - A Reum Je
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Kweon
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | | | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 29173, South Korea
| | - June Sung Bae
- Department of Research and Development, OncoClew Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04778, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Research and Development, OncoClew Co. Ltd, Seoul, 04778, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chae
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Chan Gil Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk, 27478, South Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer`s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
- CGK Biopharma Co. Ltd., Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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Cha CD, Son SH, Kim CG, Park H, Chung MS. Prognostic Implication of YY1 and CP2c Expression in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3495. [PMID: 37444605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor that regulates epigenetic pathways and protein modifications. CP2c is a transcription factor that functions as an oncogene to regulate cell proliferation. YY1 is known to interact with CP2c to suppress CP2c's transcriptional activity. This study aimed to investigate YY1 and CP2c expression in breast cancer and prognostic implications. In this study, YY1 and CP2c expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining, Western blot and RT-PCR assays. Of 491 patients with primary breast cancer, 138 patients showed YY1 overexpression. Luminal subtype and early stage were associated with overexpression (p < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 68 months, YY1 overexpression was found to be associated with a better prognosis (disease-free survival rates of 92.0% vs. 79.2%, p = 0.014). In Cox proportional hazards model, YY1 overexpression functioned as an independent prognostic factor after adjustment of hormone receptor/HER2 status and tumor size (hazard ratio of 0.50, 95% CI 0.26-0.98, p = 0.042). Quantitative analysis of YY1 and CP2c protein expression in tumors revealed a negative correlation between them. In conclusion, YY1 overexpression is a favorable prognostic biomarker in patients with breast cancer, and it has a negative correlation with CP2c at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihwan David Cha
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04764, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04764, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosub Park
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04764, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Chung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04764, Republic of Korea
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Son SH, Kim MY, Lim YS, Jin HC, Shin JH, Yi JK, Choi S, Park MA, Chae JH, Kang HC, Lee YJ, Uversky VN, Kim CG. SUMOylation-mediated PSME3-20 S proteasomal degradation of transcription factor CP2c is crucial for cell cycle progression. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd4969. [PMID: 36706181 PMCID: PMC9882985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor CP2c (also known as TFCP2, α-CP2, LSF, and LBP-1c) is involved in diverse ubiquitous and tissue/stage-specific cellular processes and in human malignancies such as cancer. Despite its importance, many fundamental regulatory mechanisms of CP2c are still unclear. Here, we uncover an unprecedented mechanism of CP2c degradation via a previously unidentified SUMO1/PSME3/20S proteasome pathway and its biological meaning. CP2c is SUMOylated in a SUMO1-dependent way, and SUMOylated CP2c is degraded through the ubiquitin-independent PSME3 (also known as REGγ or PA28)/20S proteasome system. SUMOylated PSME3 could also interact with CP2c to degrade CP2c via the 20S proteasomal pathway. Moreover, precisely timed degradation of CP2c via the SUMO1/PSME3/20S proteasome axis is required for accurate progression of the cell cycle. Therefore, we reveal a unique SUMO1-mediated uncanonical 20S proteasome degradation mechanism via the SUMO1/PSME3 axis involving mutual SUMO-SIM interaction of CP2c and PSME3, providing previously unidentified mechanistic insights into the roles of dynamic degradation of CP2c in cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Su Lim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hyeon Cheol Jin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - June Ho Shin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jae Kyu Yi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chae
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- CGK Biopharma Co. Ltd., Seoul 04763, Korea
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5
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Cha C, Park H, Kim CG, Chung MS. Abstract P4-05-13: Prognostic implication of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) overexpression in patients with primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p4-05-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: YY1 is conserved transcriptional factor that highly expressed in various types of cancers. It regulates differential epigenetic pathways and protein modifications. However, there is still unknown whether YY1 overexpression has any prognostic significance in breast cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated YY1 expression levels using tissue microarrays and analyzed clinicopathologic characteristics with survival outcomes. Methods: Clinical information and tissue blocks were obtained retrospectively from 491 patients who underwent surgery at Hanyang University Hospital between 2002 and 2016. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using rabbit monoclonal antibody (ab-109237). YY1 expression was determined using H-score. Overexpression was defined as H-score ≥ 28.4 (mean value). Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed by Kaplan Meier analysis. Results: Of 491 patients with primary breast cancer, 138 (28.1%) patients had YY1 overexpression. Luminal subtype (ER+/HER2-), early tumor stage, and low grade tumor were significantly associated with overexpression (P<0.0001). In patients with luminal subtype, overexpression was significantly correlated with early nodal stage and low proliferation index (Ki-67≤20%, P=0.014). After median follow up 67 months, YY1 overexpression was significantly associated with better prognosis (OS rates; 96.4% vs. 88.1%, P=0.038 and DFS rates; 92.0% vs. 79.2%, P=0.014). In luminal subtype, patients with overexpression showed better DFS (93.0% vs. 80.2%, P=0.043). In a Cox proportional hazards model, YY1 overexpression was independent significant prognostic factor after adjustment of ER/HER2 status and tumor size (hazard ratio; 0.5, 95% CI [0.26-0.98], P=0.042). Conclusion: YY1 overexpression is a better prognostic marker in patients with primary breast cancer, especially in luminal subtype.
Citation Format: Chihwan Cha, Hosub Park, Chul Geun Kim, Min Sung Chung. Prognostic implication of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) overexpression in patients with primary breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-05-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihwan Cha
- Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hosub Park
- Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | | | - Min Sung Chung
- Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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Cheon YP, Choi D, Lee SH, Kim CG. YY1 and CP2c in Unidirectional Spermatogenesis and Stemness. Dev Reprod 2021; 24:249-262. [PMID: 33537512 PMCID: PMC7837418 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have stemness characteristics, including germ cell-specific imprints that allow them to form gametes. Spermatogenesis involves changes in gene expression such as a transition from expression of somatic to germ cell-specific genes, global repression of gene expression, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, highly condensed packing of the nucleus with protamines, and morphogenesis. These step-by-step processes finally generate spermatozoa that are fertilization competent. Dynamic epigenetic modifications also confer totipotency to germ cells after fertilization. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in embryos do not enter meiosis, remain in the proliferative stage, and are referred to as gonocytes, before entering quiescence. Gonocytes develop into SSCs at about 6 days after birth in rodents. Although chromatin structural modification by Polycomb is essential for gene silencing in mammals, and epigenetic changes are critical in spermatogenesis, a comprehensive understanding of transcriptional regulation is lacking. Recently, we evaluated the expression profiles of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and CP2c in the gonads of E14.5 and 12-week-old mice. YY1 localizes at the nucleus and/or cytoplasm at specific stages of spermatogenesis, possibly by interaction with CP2c and YY1-interacting transcription factor. In the present article, we discuss the possible roles of YY1 and CP2c in spermatogenesis and stemness based on our results and a review of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Pil Cheon
- Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 02844, Korea
| | - Donchan Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Environmental Sciences, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Na I, Choi S, Son SH, Uversky VN, Kim CG. Drug Discovery Targeting the Disorder-To-Order Transition Regions through the Conformational Diversity Mimicking and Statistical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155248. [PMID: 32722024 PMCID: PMC7432763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins exist as highly dynamic conformational ensembles of diverse forms. However, the majority of virtual screening only focuses on proteins with defined structures. This means that computer-aided drug discovery is restricted. As a breakthrough, understanding the structural characteristics of intrinsically disordered proteins and its application can open the gate for unrestricted drug discovery. First, we segmented the target disorder-to-order transition region into a series of overlapping 20-amino-acid-long peptides. Folding prediction generated diverse conformations of these peptides. Next, we applied molecular docking, new evaluation score function, and statistical analysis. This approach successfully distinguished known compounds and their corresponding binding regions. Especially, Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) inhibitor 10058F4 was well distinguished from others of the chemical compound library. We also studied differences between the two Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) inhibitors (ABA (2-amino-N-[[(3S)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-yl]methyl]-acetamide) and APC ((R)-(3-(2-Amino-acetylamino)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester))). Both compounds bind MBD2 through electrostatic interaction behind its p66α-binding site. ABA is also able to bind p66α through electrostatic interaction behind its MBD2-binding site while APC-p66α binding was nonspecific. Therefore, structural heterogeneity mimicking of the disorder-to-order transition region at the peptide level and utilization of the new docking score function represent a useful approach that can efficiently discriminate compounds for expanded virtual screening toward intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Na
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (I.N.); (S.C.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (I.N.); (S.C.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (I.N.); (S.C.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.N.U.); (C.G.K.)
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (I.N.); (S.C.); (S.H.S.)
- CGK Biopharma Co. Ltd., 222 Wangshipri-ro, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.N.U.); (C.G.K.)
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8
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Zhao Y, Kaushik N, Kang JH, Kaushik NK, Son SH, Uddin N, Kim MJ, Kim CG, Lee SJ. A Feedback Loop Comprising EGF/TGFα Sustains TFCP2-Mediated Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2217-2229. [PMID: 32193292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are two fundamental characteristics of metastasis that are controlled by diverse regulatory factors, including transcription factors. Compared with other subtypes of breast cancer, basal-type or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has high frequencies of tumor relapse. However, the role of alpha-globin transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) has not been reported as an oncogenic driver in those breast cancers. Here, we show that TFCP2 is a potent factor essential for EMT, stemness, and metastasis in breast cancer. TFCP2 directly bound promoters of EGF and TGFα to regulate their expression and stimulate autocrine signaling via EGFR. These findings indicate that TFCP2 is a new antimetastatic target and reveal a novel regulatory mechanism in which a positive feedback loop comprising EGF/TGFα and AKT can control malignant breast cancer progression. SIGNIFICANCE: TFCP2 is a new antimetastatic target that controls TNBC progression via a positive feedback loop between EGF/TGFα and the AKT signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Kang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Center for Cell Analysis & Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim MY, Na I, Kim JS, Son SH, Choi S, Lee SE, Kim JH, Jang K, Alterovitz G, Chen Y, van der Vaart A, Won HS, Uversky VN, Kim CG. Rational discovery of antimetastatic agents targeting the intrinsically disordered region of MBD2. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav9810. [PMID: 31799386 PMCID: PMC6867884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) are commonly engaged in promiscuous protein-protein interactions (PPIs), using them as drug targets is challenging due to their extreme structural flexibility. We report a rational discovery of inhibitors targeting an IDPR of MBD2 that undergoes disorder-to-order transition upon PPI and is critical for the regulation of the Mi-2/NuRD chromatin remodeling complex (CRC). Computational biology was essential for identifying target site, searching for promising leads, and assessing their binding feasibility and off-target probability. Molecular action of selected leads inhibiting the targeted PPI of MBD2 was validated in vitro and in cell, followed by confirming their inhibitory effects on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of various cancer cells. Identified lead compounds appeared to potently inhibit cancer metastasis in a murine xenograft tumor model. These results constitute a pioneering example of rationally discovered IDPR-targeting agents and suggest Mi-2/NuRD CRC and/or MBD2 as a promising target for treating cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Insung Na
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seol Eui Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Hyung-Sik Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 27478, Korea
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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10
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Kim MY, Choi S, Lee SE, Kim JS, Son SH, Lim YS, Kim BJ, Ryu BY, Uversky VN, Lee YJ, Kim CG. Development of a MEL Cell-Derived Allograft Mouse Model for Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111707. [PMID: 31683958 PMCID: PMC6895914 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells are often employed as a model to dissect mechanisms of erythropoiesis and erythroleukemia in vitro. Here, an allograft model using MEL cells resulting in splenomegaly was established to develop a diagnostic model for isolation/quantification of metastatic cells, anti-cancer drug screening, and evaluation of the tumorigenic or metastatic potentials of molecules in vivo. In this animal model, circulating MEL cells from the blood stream were successfully isolated and quantified with an additional in vitro cultivation step. In terms of the molecular-pathological analysis, we were able to successfully evaluate the functional discrimination between methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (Mbd2) and p66α in erythroid differentiation, and tumorigenic potential in spleen and blood stream of allograft model mice. In addition, we found that the number of circulating MEL cells in anti-cancer drug-treated mice was dose-dependently decreased. Our data demonstrate that the newly established allograft model is useful to dissect erythroleukemia pathologies and non-invasively provides valuable means for isolation of metastatic cells, screening of anti-cancer drugs, and evaluation of the tumorigenic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Seol Eui Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Young Soo Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea.
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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11
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Kim MY, Kim JS, Son SH, Lim CS, Eum HY, Ha DH, Park MA, Baek EJ, Ryu BY, Kang HC, Uversky VN, Kim CG. Mbd2-CP2c loop drives adult-type globin gene expression and definitive erythropoiesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:4933-4949. [PMID: 29547954 PMCID: PMC6007553 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During hematopoiesis, red blood cells originate from the hematopoietic stem cell reservoir. Although the regulation of erythropoiesis and globin expression has been intensively investigated, the underlining mechanisms are not fully understood, including the interplay between transcription factors and epigenetic factors. Here, we uncover that the Mbd2-free NuRD chromatin remodeling complex potentiates erythroid differentiation of proerythroblasts via managing functions of the CP2c complexes. We found that both Mbd2 and Mbd3 expression is downregulated during differentiation of MEL cells in vitro and in normal erythropoiesis in mouse bone marrow, and Mbd2 downregulation is crucial for erythropoiesis. In uninduced MEL cells, the Mbd2-NuRD complex is recruited to the promoter via Gata1/Fog1, and, via direct binding through p66α, it acts as a transcriptional inhibitor of the CP2c complexes, preventing their DNA binding and promoting degradation of the CP2c family proteins to suppress globin gene expression. Conversely, during erythropoiesis in vitro and in vivo, the Mbd2-free NuRD does not dissociate from the chromatin and acts as a transcriptional coactivator aiding the recruitment of the CP2c complexes to chromatin, and thereby leading to the induction of the active hemoglobin synthesis and erythroid differentiation. Our study highlights the regulation of erythroid differentiation by the Mbd2-CP2c loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Chang Su Lim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hea Young Eum
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Park
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Baek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Physiology and Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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12
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Kim CG, Kim KH, Pyo KH, Xin CF, Hong MH, Ahn BC, Kim Y, Choi SJ, Yoon HI, Lee JG, Lee CY, Park SY, Park SH, Cho BC, Shim HS, Shin EC, Kim HR. Hyperprogressive disease during PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1104-1113. [PMID: 30977778 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade with Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors has been effective in various malignancies and is considered as a standard treatment modality for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, emerging evidence show that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can lead to hyperprogressive disease (HPD), a flair-up of tumor growth linked to dismal prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of HPD and identify the determinants associated with HPD in patients with NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled patients with recurrent and/or metastatic NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors between April 2014 and November 2018. Clinicopathologic variables, dynamics of tumor growth, and treatment outcomes were analyzed in patients with NSCLC who received PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. HPD was defined according to tumor growth kinetics (TGK), tumor growth rate (TGR), and time to treatment failure (TTF). Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes was conducted to explore the potential predictive biomarkers of HPD. RESULTS A total of 263 patients were analyzed. HPD was observed in 55 (20.9%), 54 (20.5%), and 98 (37.3%) patients according to the TGK, TGR, and TTF. HPD meeting both TGK and TGR criteria was associated with worse progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) 4.619; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.868-7.440] and overall survival (HR, 5.079; 95% CI, 3.136-8.226) than progressive disease without HPD. There were no clinicopathologic variables specific for HPD. In the exploratory biomarker analysis with peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes, a lower frequency of effector/memory subsets (CCR7-CD45RA- T cells among the total CD8+ T cells) and a higher frequency of severely exhausted populations (TIGIT+ T cells among PD-1+CD8+ T cells) were associated with HPD and inferior survival rate. CONCLUSION HPD is common in NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Biomarkers derived from rationally designed analysis may successfully predict HPD and worse outcomes, meriting further investigation of HPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - K H Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon; Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - K-H Pyo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd, Gumi
| | - C-F Xin
- JE-UK Institute for Cancer Research, JEUK Co. Ltd, Gumi
| | - M H Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - B-C Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Y Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - S J Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - H I Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J G Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
| | - S-H Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
| | - B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - H S Shim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - E-C Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon.
| | - H R Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine.
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13
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Kim JS, Son SH, Kim MY, Choi D, Jang IS, Paik SS, Chae JH, Uversky VN, Kim CG. Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of CP2c and YY1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24389-24400. [PMID: 28412749 PMCID: PMC5421856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated an oncogenic role of the transcription factor (TF) CP2c in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on a strong correlation between CP2c expression, tumor grade, and aggressiveness. We recently found that CP2c directly interacts with another TF, YY1, which is also overexpressed in multiple cancers, including HCC. To evaluate if these proteins are co-regulated in carcinogenesis, we analyzed the expression of CP2c and YY1 in HCC (n = 136) tissues and examined the correlation between their expression and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. Receiver operating characteristic analysis exhibited the validity of CP2c and nuclear YY1 expression as a diagnostic factor in HCC tissues. High expression of CP2c was significantly correlated with patient age, and higher histological grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, and small and large vessel invasion in HCC tissues, whereas high expression of nuclear YY1 was significantly associated with higher AJCC stage and small vessel invasion. In univariate and multivariate analyses, high expression of CP2c was significantly correlated with disease free survival (DFS), indicating that CP2c expression is an independent prognostic factor for DFS in HCC patients. Patients with high expression of both CP2c and nuclear YY1 usually had a shorter median survival time and worse DFS prognosis than other patients, suggesting that combined detection of CP2c and nuclear YY1 is a useful prognostic marker in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - DongHo Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chae
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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14
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Jeong SH, Cho HJ, Kim HS, Han JI, Lee DW, Kim CG, Kim JW. Acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery: 164 consecutive cases treated at a referral center in South Korea. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:1456-1462. [PMID: 28548647 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo identify prognostic factors in patients referred with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, and to evaluate the efficacy of primary vitrectomy as an initial management.MethodsOver an eight-year study period, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 164 patients who were referred with endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Treatment generally conformed to standard guidelines, although primary vitrectomy was performed in several eyes with a visual acuity of hand motion or better, depending on the patient's status. Using multivariate analysis, we analyzed outcomes to determine the effect on final visual outcome.ResultsA final visual acuity of ≥20/40 was achieved in 92/164 (56.1%) cases after treatment. Bacterial cultures showed bacterial growth in 89/164 cases (54.3%). Among the various baseline characteristics, old age (P=0.028), poor visual acuity at presentation (P=0.004), gram-negative bacterial infection (P=0.030), and short time between cataract surgery and signs of endophthalmitis (P=0.021) were associated with poor visual outcome. The visual outcome showed no significant difference, in terms of initial treatment feature, between the primary vitrectomy with intraocular antibiotics injection (IOAI) and IOAI-only groups. However, reintervention was significantly less frequent in the primary vitrectomy group than in the IOAI group (12.5 and 32.7%, respectively; P=0.002).ConclusionOld age, poor visual acuity at presentation, type of cultured organism (gram-negative bacteria), and early onset of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery were significantly related to poor visual outcome after endophthalmitis treatment. Primary vitrectomy may decrease the need for reintervention to control infection, although the treatment showed no benefits with regard to visual outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H J Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J I Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D W Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C G Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J W Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Kim JS, Chae JH, Cheon YP, Kim CG. Reciprocal localization of transcription factors YY1 and CP2c in spermatogonial stem cells and their putative roles during spermatogenesis. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:685-692. [PMID: 27612612 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining stemness and permitting differentiation mediated by combinations of transcription factors (TFs) are key aspects of mammalian spermatogenesis. It has been established that yin yang 1 (YY1), a target factor of mammalian polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and a regulator of stemness, is involved in the stable maintenance of prophase stage spermatocytes. Recently, we have demonstrated that the TF CP2c partners with YY1 in some cells to antagonistically regulate the other protein's function. To date, the functional roles of YY1 and CP2c in spermatogonial stem cells and their derived germ cells remain unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of YY1 and CP2c in mouse gonocytes and germ cells using tissue immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. At E14.5, both YY1 and CP2c were stained in gonocytes and Sertoli cells in testicular cords, showing different proportion and density of immunoreactivity. However, in adult testes, YY1 was localized in the nuclei of spermatogonial stem cells and spermatocytes, but not in spermatozoa. It was also detected in spermatogonia and spermatids in a stage-specific manner during spermatogenic cycle. CP2c could be detected mostly in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes but not at all in spermatogonial stem cells, indicating mutually exclusive expression of CP2c and YY1. Interestingly, however, CP2c was stained in the cytoplasm and nucleus of spermatogonia at elongation and release stages, and co-localized with YY1 in the nucleus at grouping, maturation, and releasing stages. Neither YY1 nor CP2c was expressed in spermatozoa. Our data indicate that YY1 strongly localizes in the spermatogonial stem cells and co-localizes heterogeneously with CP2c to permit spermatogenesis, and also suggest that YY1 is essential for stemness of spermatogonial stem cells (SCs) whereas CP2c is critical for the commitment of spermatogonia and during the progression of spermatogonia to spermatids. This evaluation expands our understanding of the molecular mechanism of spermatogonia formation as well as spermatogenesis in general.
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16
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Gwak Y, Jung W, Lee Y, Kim JS, Kim CG, Ju JH, Song C, Hyun JK, Jin E. An intracellular antifreeze protein from an Antarctic microalga that responds to various environmental stresses. FASEB J 2014; 28:4924-35. [PMID: 25114178 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-256388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The structure and function of the Antarctic marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile antifreeze protein (Cn-AFP), as well as its expression levels and characteristics of the ice-binding site, were analyzed in the present study. In silico analysis revealed that the Cn-AFP promoter contains both light- and temperature-responsive elements. Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated that both Cn-AFP transcript and protein expression were strongly and rapidly stimulated by freezing, as well as temperature and high light stress. Immunogold labeling revealed that Cn-AFP is preferentially localized to the intracellular space near the chloroplast membrane. Recombinant Cn-AFP had clear antifreeze activity. Protein-folding simulation was used to predict the putative ice-binding sites in Cn-AFP, and site-directed mutagenesis of the Cn-AFP b-face confirmed their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunho Gwak
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongsic Jung
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Yew Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chihong Song
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Hyun
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
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Jo KS, Jo HR, Kim CG, Kim CG, Won HS. Intrinsically disordered fold of a PIAS1-binding domain of CP2b. Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2014. [DOI: 10.6564/jkmrs.2014.18.1.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Kim MY, Park J, Lee JJ, Ha DH, Kim J, Kim CG, Hwang J, Kim CG. Staufen1-mediated mRNA decay induces Requiem mRNA decay through binding of Staufen1 to the Requiem 3'UTR. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:6999-7011. [PMID: 24799437 PMCID: PMC4066795 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Requiem (REQ/DPF2) was originally identified as an apoptosis-inducing protein in mouse myeloid cells and belongs to the novel Krüppel-type zinc finger d4-protein family of proteins, which includes neuro-d4 (DPF1) and cer-d4 (DPF3). Interestingly, when a portion of the REQ messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), referred to as G8, was overexpressed in K562 cells, β-globin expression was induced, suggesting that the 3′UTR of REQ mRNA plays a physiological role. Here, we present evidence that the REQ mRNA 3′UTR, along with its trans-acting factor, Staufen1 (STAU1), is able to reduce the level of REQ mRNA via STAU1-mediated mRNA decay (SMD). By screening a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) expression library with an RNA–ligand binding assay, we identified STAU1 as an interactor of the REQ mRNA 3′UTR. Specifically, we provide evidence that STAU1 binds to putative 30-nucleotide stem–loop-structured RNA sequences within the G8 region, which we term the protein binding site core; this binding triggers the degradation of REQ mRNA and thus regulates translation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that siRNA-mediated silencing of either STAU1 or UPF1 increases the abundance of cellular REQ mRNA and, consequently, the REQ protein, indicating that REQ mRNA is a target of SMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences
| | - Jungyun Park
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Jong Joo Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences
| | - Chan Gil Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Jungwook Hwang
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences
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Kim YI, Kim SY, Cho SJ, Park JH, Choi IJ, Lee YJ, Lee EK, Kook MC, Kim CG, Ryu KW, Kim YW. Long-term metformin use reduces gastric cancer risk in type 2 diabetics without insulin treatment: a nationwide cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:854-63. [PMID: 24612291 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin use has been associated with a decreased incidence and mortality of various cancers. AIM To evaluate the association between metformin use and gastric cancer. METHODS We randomly selected 100 000 type 2 diabetic patients from the 2004 Korean National Health Insurance claim database, and assessed gastric cancer incidence among 39 989 patients (aged 30-97 years) who were regularly treated with anti-diabetic drugs and followed-up from 2004 to 2010. In total, 26 690 patients had used metformin out of 32 978 diabetics who had not regularly used insulin (insulin non-users), and 5855 patients had used metformin out of 7011 regular insulin users. RESULTS Patients who used metformin showed a lower incidence of gastric cancer than those who did not use metformin, in insulin non-users (P = 0.047, log-rank test). However, in patients on regular insulin, there was no difference of gastric cancer incidence according to metformin use. In insulin non-users, the adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for metformin use was 0.73 (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.53-1.01) with borderline statistical significance (P = 0.059). Duration of metformin use was associated with the reduction in gastric cancer risk (AHR, 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.96, P = 0.003), especially in patients who used metformin for more than 3 years (AHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.87; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Metformin use >3 years in type 2 diabetics who do not use insulin is associated with a significantly reduced gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-I Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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20
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Sinha B, Ramulu TS, Kim KW, Venu R, Lee JJ, Kim CG. Planar Hall magnetoresistive aptasensor for thrombin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 59:140-4. [PMID: 24727201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of aptamer-based assays is an emerging and attractive approach in disease research and clinical diagnostics. A sensitive aptamer-based sandwich-type sensor is presented to detect human thrombin using a planar Hall magnetoresistive (PHR) sensor in cooperation with superparamagnetic labels. A PHR sensor has the great advantages of a high signal-to-noise ratio, a small offset voltage and linear response in the low-field region, allowing it to act as a high-resolution biosensor. In the system presented here, the sensor has an active area of 50 µm × 50 µm with a 10-nm gold layer deposited onto the sensor surface prior to the binding of thiolated DNA primary aptamer. A polydimethylsiloxane well of 600-µm radius and 1-mm height was prepared around the sensor surface to maintain the same specific area and volume for each sensor. The sensor response was traced in real time upon the addition of streptavidin-functionalized magnetic labels on the sensor. A linear response to the thrombin concentration in the range of 86 pM-8.6 µM and a lower detection limit down to 86 pM was achieved by the proposed present method with a sample volume consumption of 2 µl. The proposed aptasensor has a strong potential for application in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sinha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - T S Ramulu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea; Department of Emerging Materials, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, South Korea
| | - K W Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea; Department of Emerging Materials, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, South Korea
| | - R Venu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea; Department of Emerging Materials, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, South Korea
| | - J J Lee
- Nano-Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
| | - C G Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea; Department of Emerging Materials, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, South Korea.
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21
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Cho SJ, Choi IJ, Kook MC, Nam BH, Kim CG, Lee JY, Ryu KW, Kim YW. Staging of intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancers with the OLGA and OLGIM staging systems. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:1292-302. [PMID: 24134499 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA) and Operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) staging systems have been proposed for gastric cancer (GC) risk estimation. AIM To validate the OLGA and OLGIM staging systems in a region with high risk of GC. METHODS This retrospective study included 474 GC patients and age- and sex-matched health screening control persons in a cancer centre hospital. We classified gastritis patterns according to the OLGA and OLGIM systems using the histological database that a pathologist prospectively evaluated using the updated Sydney system. GC risk according to the OLGA and OLGIM stages was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS More GC patients had OLGA stages III-IV (46.2%) than controls (26.6%, P < 0.001), particularly among patients with intestinal-type GCs (62.2%) compared with diffuse-type GCs (30.9%). OLGA stages III and IV were significantly associated with increased risk of GC [odds ratios (ORs), 2.09; P = 0.008 and 2.04; P = 0.014 respectively] in multivariate analysis. The association was more significant for intestinal-type (ORs, 4.76; P = 0.001 and 4.19; P = 0.002 respectively), but not diffuse-type GC. OLGIM stages from I to IV were significantly associated with increased risk of both intestinal-type (ORs, 3.64, 5.15, 7.89 and 13.20 respectively) and diffuse-type GC (ORs, 1.84, 2.59, 5.08 and 6.32 respectively) with a significantly increasing trend. CONCLUSION As high OLGA and OLGIM stages are independent risk factors for gastric cancer, the staging systems may be useful for risk assessment in high-risk regions, especially for intestinal-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Cho
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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22
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Kim KJ, Cho CM, Kim BG, Lee YA, Kim BJ, Kim YH, Kim CG, Schmidt JA, Ryu BY. Lentiviral modification of enriched populations of bovine male gonocytes. J Anim Sci 2013; 92:106-18. [PMID: 24166994 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated germ cells have the capacity to develop into sperm capable of fertilizing oocytes and contributing genetic material to subsequent generations. The most primitive prepubertal undifferentiated germ cells include gonocytes and undifferentiated spermatogonia, including spermatogonial stem cells (SSC). Gonocytes, present in the testis at birth, differentiate into SSC, which maintain spermatogenesis for the remainder of the male's life. Because of their capacity to contribute to lifelong spermatogenesis, undifferentiated germ cells are attractive targets for genetic modification to produce transgenic animals, including cattle. To maximize the efficiency of genetic modification of bovine gonocytes and SSC, effective enrichment techniques need to be developed. Selection of bovine gonocytes using differential plating was improved 8-fold (P < 0.001) when using a combination of extracellular matrix proteins, including laminin, fibronectin, collagen type IV, and gelatin, compared to using laminin and gelatin alone. Selected cells labeled with PKH26 formed colonies of donor-derived germ cells after transplantation into recipient mouse testes, indicating putative stem cell function. Significantly more colonies (P < 0.001) per 1 × 10(5) viable transplanted cells were formed from isolated nonadherent cells (203 ± 23.2) compared to adherent (20 ± 2.7) or Percoll (45.5 ± 4.5) selected cells. After selection, some gonocytes were transduced using a lentiviral vector containing the transgene for the enhanced green fluorescent protein. Transduction efficiency was 17%. Collectively, these data demonstrate effective methods for the selection and genetic modification of bovine undifferentiated germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-J Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Korea
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Han K, Kim CG, Kim NS. Meeting report: Frontiers in genetics: genomics and epigenomics. Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cho SJ, Choi IJ, Kook MC, Yoon H, Park S, Kim CG, Lee JY, Lee JH, Ryu KW, Kim YW. Randomised clinical trial: the effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia after subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:477-89. [PMID: 23822578 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori eradication is recommended for early gastric cancer (GC) patients after resection. AIM To evaluate whether H. pylori eradication improves glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in GC patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy. METHODS This randomised, double-blind trial was performed in tertiary care setting. Distal GC patients with H. pylori infection were randomised to receive proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy or placebo. The histology was evaluated using the updated Sydney system before and at 36 months after surgery. The endpoints were the comparison of atrophy and IM score changes between the allocated groups and according to final H. pylori status. RESULTS Overall, 190 patients were randomised to the treatment and placebo groups. For lesser curvature of the corpus, mean atrophy and IM scores did not differ between the treatment and placebo groups. However, the H. pylori-eradicated patients had significantly lower mean scores than the H. pylori-persistent patients regarding atrophy (0.55 ± 0.95 vs. 1.05 ± 1.10 respectively; P = 0.0046) and IM (0.66 ± 0.99 vs. 1.05 ± 1.16 respectively; P = 0.0284). The percentage change from baseline was more marked in the H. pylori-negative than in the H. pylori-positive groups (-58.6% vs. -11.0% for atrophy and -60.5% vs. -35.6% for IM respectively). For greater curvature, mean atrophy score was lower in the H. pylori-negative group than in the H. pylori-positive group (0.14 ± 0.50 vs. 0.41 ± 0.75 respectively; P = 0.0281). The percentage change was -36.4% vs. 86.3%. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori eradication in GC patients is beneficial, as reflected by lower scores of atrophy and IM at 36 months after subtotal gastrectomy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01002443).
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Cho
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Kim MY, Chae JH, Oh CH, Kim CG. A DNA immunoprecipitation assay used in quantitative detection of in vitro DNA-protein complex binding. Anal Biochem 2013; 441:147-51. [PMID: 23871997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To begin gene transcription, several transcription factors must bind to specific DNA sequences to form a complex via DNA-protein interactions. We established an in vitro method for specific and sensitive analyses of DNA-protein interactions based on a DNA immunoprecipitation (DIP) method. We verified the accuracy and efficiency of the DIP assay in quantitatively measuring DNA-protein binding using transcription factor CP2c as a model. With our DIP assay, we could detect specific interactions within a DNA-CP2c complex, with reproducible and quantitative binding values. In addition, we were able to effectively measure the changes in DNA-CP2c binding by the addition of a small molecule, FQI1 (factor quinolinone inhibitor 1), previously identified as a specific inhibitor of this binding. To identify a new regulator of DNA-CP2c binding, we analyzed several CP2c binding peptides and found that only one class of peptide severely inhibits DNA-CP2c binding. These data show that our DIP assay is very useful in quantitatively detecting the binding dynamics of DNA-protein complex. Because DNA-protein interaction is very dynamic in different cellular environments, our assay can be applied to the detection of active transcription factors, including promoter occupancy in normal and disease conditions. Moreover, it may be used to develop a targeted regulator of specific DNA-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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26
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Kim EJ, Kim SY, Yun HJ, Kim CG, Jeong JW, Kim TH, Kim CH, Darroudi F, Kang CM. Detection and quantification of a radiation-associated mitochondrial DNA deletion by a nested real-time PCR in human peripheral lymphocytes. Mutat Res 2012; 749:53-9. [PMID: 22944079 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we implemented a new assay using a nested real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect radiation-induced common deletion (CD) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of human peripheral lymphocytes. A standard curve for real-time PCR was established by applying a plasmid DNA containing human normal mtDNA or mutated mtDNA. Human peripheral lymphocyte DNA was amplified and quantified by real-time PCR using primer sets for total damaged or mutated mtDNA, plus probes labeled with the fluorescent dyes. The first-round PCR generated multiple products were used as the template for a second-round PCR. We herein describe a nested real-time PCR assay capable of quantifying mtDNA bearing the CD in human peripheral lymphocytes following exposure (in vitro) to (137)Cs γ-rays in a dose range of 0.5 up to 5Gy. The reproducibility of this assay was evident for both unirradiated and irradiated samples by examining human blood lymphocytes from 14 donors. This technique was sensitive enough to detect deletions in mtDNA at low dose levels, as low as 0.5Gy, and higher levels of CD mtDNA were evident at higher doses (≥1Gy), however, there was no consistent dose-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Kim
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Kim CG, Park SR, Choi IJ, Lee JY, Cho SJ, Park YI, Nam BH, Kim YW. Effect of chemotherapy on the outcome of self-expandable metallic stents in gastric cancer patients with malignant outlet obstruction. Endoscopy 2012; 44:807-12. [PMID: 22752892 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1309893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Chemotherapy has been suggested to affect the outcome of pyloric stent placement. This study aimed to investigate the association between the response to chemotherapy and pyloric stent outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 113 patients with inoperable gastric cancer who received chemotherapy after pyloric stent placement at the National Cancer Center hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Chemotherapy response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy response on the complications of stents. RESULTS The stent migration rate was 15.9% (18/113) and the re-stenosis rate was 30.1% (34/113). The response rates to chemotherapy were higher in the first-line group than in the salvage chemotherapy group (second-line or more) (44.8% [26/58] vs. 3.6% [2/55], respectively; P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with long time-to-progression (> 8 weeks) was also higher in the first-line than the salvage chemotherapy group (81.0% [47 /58] vs. 61.8% [34 /55], respectively; P = 0.036). Although, the response to chemotherapy was not associated with stent migration or re-stenosis, a long time-to-progression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.67) and first-line chemotherapy (aHR = 0.45, 95%CI 0.22-0.93) were protective factors against re-stenosis in the multivariate analysis. In patients who received first-line chemotherapy, the median duration of patency of covered and uncovered stents was 20 weeks (95%CI 11-29) and 33 weeks (95 %CI 18-48), respectively (P = 0.317). CONCLUSIONS A long time-to-progression and first-line chemotherapy were significant protective factors against re-stenosis. In chemotherapy-naïve gastric cancer patients with pyloric obstruction, placement of an uncovered stent followed by chemotherapy can be considered to increase stent patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Kim BJ, Kim KJ, Kim YH, Lee YA, Kim BG, Cho CM, Kang HR, Kim CG, Ryu BY. Efficient enhancement of lentiviral transduction efficiency in murine spermatogonial stem cells. Mol Cells 2012; 33:449-55. [PMID: 22526390 PMCID: PMC3887729 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis throughout postnatal life in male and have the ability to transmit genetic information to the subsequent generation. In this study, we have optimized the transduction efficiency of SSCs using a lentiviral vector by considering different multiplicity of infection (MOI), duration of infection, presence or absence of feeder layer and polycationic agents. We tested MOI of 5, 10 or 20 and infection duration of 6, 9 or 12 h respectively. After infection, cells were cultured for 1 week and as a result, the number of transduced SSCs increased significantly for MOI of 5 and 10 with 6 h of infection. When the same condition (MOI of 5 with 6 hours) was applied in presence or absence of STO feeder layer and infected SSCs were cultured for 3 weeks on the STO feeder layer, a significant increase in the number of transduced cells was observed for without the feeder layer during infection. We subsequently studied the effects of polycationic agents, polybrene and dioctadecylamidoglycyl spermine (DOGS), on the transduction efficiency. Compared with the polybrene treatment, the recovery rate of the transduced SSCs was significantly higher for the DOGS treatment. Therefore, our optimization study could contribute to the enhancement of germ-line modification of SSCs using lentiviral vectors and in generation of transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756,
Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756,
Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756,
Korea
| | - Yong-An Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756,
Korea
| | - Byung-Gak Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756,
Korea
| | - Chul Min Cho
- BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756,
Korea
| | - Hye-Ryeon Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756,
Korea
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791,
Korea
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 456-756,
Korea
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Cho SJ, Choi IJ, Kim CG, Lee JY, Nam BH, Kwak MH, Kim HJ, Ryu KW, Lee JH, Kim YW. Aspirin use and bleeding risk after endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with gastric neoplasms. Endoscopy 2012; 44:114-21. [PMID: 22271021 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM The risk of bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with early gastric neoplasms who do not discontinue aspirin for the procedure has not been established. We aimed to investigate whether post-ESD gastric bleeding is increased in patients who take aspirin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who underwent ESD for early gastric neoplasms at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Korea, between November 2008 and January 2011 were enrolled. The risk of post-ESD bleeding was evaluated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS We categorized 514 patients into three groups according to aspirin intake at the time of the procedure: patients who never used aspirin (n=439), patients who interrupted aspirin use for 7 days or more (n=56), and patients who continuously used aspirin (n=19). Post-ESD bleeding occurred in 4.1% (21/514) overall, and was more frequent in continuous aspirin users (4/19 [21.1%]) than in those who never used aspirin (15/439 [3.4%]) (P=0.006) and those with interrupted aspirin use (2/56 [3.6%]) (P=0.033). Multivariate analysis showed that use of aspirin by itself was associated with post-ESD bleeding (relative risk [RR] 4.49; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.09-18.38). The resumption of clopidogrel combined with aspirin use (RR 26.71, 95%CI 7.09-100.53), and increased iatrogenic ulcer size (RR 1.52, 95%CI 1.14-2.02), were significantly associated with post-ESD bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Continuous aspirin use increases the risk of bleeding after gastric ESD. Aspirin use should be stopped in patients with a low risk for thromboembolic disease to minimize bleeding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Cho
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Korea
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Cho HJ, Kim JW, Lee DW, Cho SW, Kim CG. Intravitreal bevacizumab and ranibizumab injections for patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Eye (Lond) 2011; 26:426-33. [PMID: 22173075 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and ranibizumab in patients with treatment-naïve polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). METHODS A total of 66 and 60 eyes of 121 consecutive patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) or ranibizumab (0.5 mg) injection for treatment of PCV were retrospectively reviewed. After initial three loading injections by month, injection was performed as needed. Main outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), foveal center thickness (FCT) as assessed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and change in polypoidal lesion on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). RESULTS At 12 months, average number of injections was 4.72±1.84 in the bevacizumab group and 5.52±1.54 in the ranibizumab group. Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution of BCVA from baseline at 12 months after injection improved by 0.11 in the bevacizumab group (P=0.02) and by 0.14 in the ranibizumab group (P=0.01). Average FCT decreased from 368±62.48 to 298±40.77 μm in the bevacizumab group (P=0.01) and from 371±50.79 to 286±36.93 μm in the ranibizumab group (P=0.01). Polyp regression rate was 24.2% (16 eyes out of 66 eyes) in the bevacizumab group and 23.3% (14 eyes out of 60 eyes) in the ranibizumab group. There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA improvement achieved, FCT improvement achieved, and polyp regression rate between groups. CONCLUSION Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and ranibizumab have similar effects in stabilization of visual acuity, macular edema, and regression of polypoidal complex with PCV eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. -medical-@hanmail.net
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Kim S, Kim YW, Shim SH, Kim CG, Kim A. Chromatin structure of the LCR in the human β-globin locus transcribing the adult δ- and β-globin genes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 44:505-13. [PMID: 22178075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The β-like globin genes are transcribed in a developmental stage specific fashion in erythroid cells. The specific transcription of globin genes is conferred by the locus control region (LCR), but the chromatin structure of the LCR in the human adult β-globin locus transcribing the δ- and β-globin genes is not clear. Here, we employed hybrid MEL cells that contain a human chromosome 11. The δ- and β-globin genes were highly transcribed in hybrid MEL/ch11 cells after transcriptional induction. LCR HS3 and HS2 were strongly occupied by erythroid specific transcriptional activators and co-factors in the induced locus. These HSs, but not HS4 and HS1, were in close proximity with the active globin genes as revealed by high resolution 3C experiments. The active features at HS3 were markedly established after transcriptional induction, while HS2 was in a relatively active conformation before the induction. Unexpectedly, HS1 did not show notable active features except histone hyperacetylation. Taken together, the LCR of the human β-globin locus transcribing the adult δ- and β-globin genes has HS specific chromatin structure. The structure at each HS, which is different from the locus transcribing the fetal globin genes, might relate to its role in transcribing the adult genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Eom BW, Yoon HM, Ryu KW, Lee JH, Cho SJ, Lee JY, Kim CG, Choi IJ, Lee JS, Kook MC, Rhee JY, Park SR, Kim YW. Comparison of surgical performance and short-term clinical outcomes between laparoscopic and robotic surgery in distal gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011; 38:57-63. [PMID: 21945625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The authors aimed to compare the surgical performance and the short-term clinical outcomes of robotic assisted laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (RADG) with laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) in distal gastric cancer patients. METHOD From April 2009 to August 2010, 62 patients underwent LADG and 30 patients underwent RADG for preoperative stage I distal gastric cancer by one surgeon at the National Cancer Center, Korea. Surgical performance was measured using lymph node (LN) dissection time and number of retrieved LNs, which were viewed as surrogates of technical ease and oncologic quality. RESULTS In clinicopathologic characteristics, mean age, depth of invasion and stage were significantly different between the LADG and RADG group. Mean dissection time at each LN station was greater in the RADG group, but no significant intergroup difference was found for numbers of retrieved LNs. Furthermore, proximal resection margins were smaller, and hospital costs were higher in the RADG group. In terms of the RADG learning curve, mean LN dissection time was smaller in the late RADG group (n = 15) than in the early RADG group (n = 15) for 4sb/4d, 5, 7-12a stations, but numbers of retrieved LNs per station were similar. CONCLUSION With the exception of operating time and cost, the numbers of retrieved LNs and the short-term clinical outcomes of RADG were found to be comparable to those of LADG, despite the surgeon's familiarity with LADG and lack of RADG experience. Further studies are needed to evaluate objectively ergonomic comfort and to quantify the patient benefits conferred by robotic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Eom
- Gastric Cancer Branch, National Cancer Center, 111 Jeongbalsanro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 410-769, South Korea
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Kim KJ, Cho CM, Kim BG, Lee YA, Kim BJ, Kim YH, Kim CG, Ryu BY. Enrichment of Undifferentiated Spermatogonia and Germline Modification Using Lentiviral Vector in the Pre-Pubertal Bull Testis. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cho SJ, Choi IJ, Kim CG, Lee JY, Kook MC, Park S, Ryu KW, Lee JH, Kim YW. Risk of high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in gastric biopsy-proven low-grade dysplasia: an analysis using the Vienna classification. Endoscopy 2011; 43:465-71. [PMID: 21425043 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Therapeutic guidelines have not yet been established for low-grade gastric adenomas/dysplasias (LGD), which have a low risk of progression to high-grade adenomas/dysplasias (HGD) or to invasive carcinomas. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for HGD/carcinoma that indicate a need for resection in biopsy-proven LGD lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 236 LGD lesions from 208 consecutive patients treated with endoscopic resection (ER) were retrospectively studied between 2004 and 2008. The Vienna classification was used for histological diagnosis. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS Among the 236 LGD lesions, the final pathology diagnosed 9 (3.8 %) as invasive carcinoma (category 5), 71 (30.1 %) as HGD (category 4), 148 (62.7 %) as LGD (category 3), and 8 (3.4 %) as negative/indefinite for dysplasia (category 1/2). Lesions ≥ 1 cm were classified as HGD/carcinoma in 39.4 % of patients (65/165). Multivariate analysis indicated that size of ≥ 1 cm (OR 1.93 [95 % CI, 1.06 - 3.52]), depressed morphology (OR 3.81 [95 % CI, 1.22 - 11.9]), and erythema (OR 2.49 [95 % CI, 1.31 - 4.72]) were significantly associated with HGD/carcinoma. The OR increased to 47.6 (95 % CI, 4.27 - 530.65) when the risk factors were all positive. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for ≥ 1 risk factors were 93.8 % and 90.9 %, respectively. As the number of risk factors of a lesion increased, the specificity and positive predictive value also increased. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic resection can be recommended if a low-grade dysplastic lesion has at least one of the following risk factors: depressed morphology, surface erythema, or a size of 1 cm or greater. For lesions that have none of the three risk factors, follow-up endoscopy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Cho
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Korea
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Woon Kim Y, Kim S, Geun Kim C, Kim A. The distinctive roles of erythroid specific activator GATA-1 and NF-E2 in transcription of the human fetal γ-globin genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6944-55. [PMID: 21609963 PMCID: PMC3167640 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA-1 and NF-E2 are erythroid specific activators that bind to the β-globin locus. To explore the roles of these activators in transcription of the human fetal stage specific γ-globin genes, we reduced GATA-1 and p45/NF-E2 using shRNA in erythroid K562 cells. GATA-1 or p45/NF-E2 knockdown inhibited the transcription of the γ-globin genes, hypersensitive site (HS) formation in the LCR and chromatin loop formation of the β-globin locus, but histone acetylation across the locus was decreased only in the case of GATA-1 knockdown. In p45/NF-E2 knockdown cells, GATA-1 binding was maintained at the LCR HSs and γ-globin promoter, but NF-E2 binding at the LCR HSs was reduced by GATA-1 knockdown regardless of the amount of p45/NF-E2 in K562 cells. These results indicate that histone acetylation is dependent on GATA-1 binding, but the binding of GATA-1 is not sufficient for the γ-globin transcription, HS formation and chromatin loop formation and NF-E2 is required. This idea is supported by the distinctive binding pattern of CBP and Brg1 in the β-globin locus. Furthermore GATA-1-dependent loop formation between HS5 and 3′HS1 suggests correlation between histone modifications and chromatin looping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Woon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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Park SR, Kong SY, Nam BH, Choi IJ, Kim CG, Lee JY, Cho SJ, Kim YW, Ryu KW, Lee JH, Rhee J, Park YI, Kim NK. CYP2A6 and ERCC1 polymorphisms correlate with efficacy of S-1 plus cisplatin in metastatic gastric cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1126-34. [PMID: 21364592 PMCID: PMC3068488 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We evaluated the association between polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)/excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1)/X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1(XRCC1) and treatment outcomes of metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) patients treated with S-1/cisplatin. Methods: Among MGC patients (n=108), who received S-1 (40 mg m−2 b.i.d., days 1–14) and cisplatin (60 mg m−2, day 1) every 3 weeks, we analysed the wild-type allele (W) and variants (V) of CYP2A6 (*4, *7, *9, *10), and the polymorphisms of ERCC1 (rs11615, rs3212986) and XRCC1 (rs25487). Results: Patients having fewer CYP2A6 variants had better response rates (W/W vs W/V other than *1/*4 vs V/V or *1/*4=66.7 vs 58.3 vs 32.3% P=0.008), time to progression (TTP) (7.2 vs 6.1 vs 3.5 months, P=0.021), and overall survival (23.2 vs 15.4 vs 12.0 months, P=0.004). ERCC1 19442C>A (rs3212986) was also associated with response rate (C/C, 46.7% vs C/A, 55.3% vs A/A, 87.5%) (P=0.048) and TTP (4.4 vs 7.6 vs 7.9 months) (P=0.012). Patients carrying both risk genotypes of CYP2A6 (V/V or 1/*4) and ERCC1 19442C>A (C/C) vs those carrying none showed an adjusted odds ratio of 0.113 (P=0.004) for response, and adjusted hazard ratios of 3.748 (P=0.0001) for TTP and 2.961 (P=0.006) for death. Conclusion: Polymorphisms of CYP2A6 and ERCC1 19442C>A correlated with the efficacy of S-1/cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Park
- Center for Gastric Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 410-769, Republic of Korea.
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Shin JH, Kang HC, Park YY, Ha DH, Choi YH, Eum HY, Kang BG, Chae JH, Shin I, Lee JH, Kim CG. Corepressor MMTR/DMAP1 is an intrinsic negative regulator of CAK kinase to regulate cell cycle progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:110-5. [PMID: 20920467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that MMTR (MAT1-mediated transcriptional repressor) is a co-repressor that inhibits TFIIH-mediated transcriptional activity via interaction with MAT1 (Kang et al., 2007). Since MAT1 is a member of the CAK kinase complex that is crucial for cell cycle progression and that regulates CDK phosphorylation as well as the general transcription factor TFIIH, we investigated MMTR function in cell cycle progression. We found that MMTR over-expression delayed G1/S and G2/M transitions, whereas co-expression of MAT1 and MMTR rescued the cell growth and proliferation rate. Moreover, MMTR was required for inhibition of CAK kinase-mediated CDK1 phosphorylation. We also showed that the expression level of MMTR was modulated during cell cycle progression. Our data support the notion that MMTR is an intrinsic negative cell cycle regulator that modulates the CAK kinase activity via interaction with MAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Ho Shin
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Kim BJ, Kim KJ, Kim YH, Lee YA, Kim BG, Kim CG, Ryu BY. Effect of Polycationic Agents on Lentiviral Transduction of Spermatogonial Stem Cell. Biol Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Barik A, Solanki PR, Kaushik A, Ali A, Pandey MK, Kim CG, Malhotra BD. Polyaniline-carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite for cholesterol detection. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:6479-6488. [PMID: 21137750 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) has been covalently immobilized onto polyaniline-carboxymethyl cellulose (PANI-CMC) nanocomposite film deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass plate using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and electrochemical studies have been used to characterize the PANI-CMC/ITO nanocomposite electrode and ChOx/PANI-CMC/ITO bioelectrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal the formation of PANI-CMC nanocomposite fibers of size approximately 150 nm in diameter. The ChOx/PANI-CMC/ITO bioelectrode exhibits linearity as 0.5-22 mM, detection limit as 1.31 mM, sensitivity as 0.14 mA/mM cm2, response time as 10 s and shelf-life of about 10 weeks when bioelectrode is stored at 4 degrees C. The low value of Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) obtained as 2.71 mM reveals high affinity of immobilized ChOx for PANI-CMC/ITO nanocomposite electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Barik
- Department of Science and Technology Centre on Bimolecular Electronics, National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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Park SR, Kong SY, Rhee J, Park YI, Ryu KW, Lee JH, Kim YW, Choi IJ, Kim CG, Lee JY, Cho SJ, Kim NK. Phase II study of a triplet regimen of S-1 combined with irinotecan and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic gastric cancer: clinical and pharmacogenetic results. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:890-896. [PMID: 20860988 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of S-1/irinotecan/oxaliplatin (TIROX) in metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) and the association between treatment outcome and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A polymorphisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated MGC received S-1 40 mg/m(2) b.i.d. on days 1-14 and irinotecan 150 mg/m(2) plus oxaliplatin 85 mg/m(2) on day 1 every 3 weeks. RESULTS Forty-four patients were enrolled. In intent-to-treat analysis, the objective response rate was 75%, including the complete response (CR) rate of 14%. The median time to progression and overall survival was 10.2 and 17.6 months, respectively. Ten (26%) of the 39 patients with primary gastric tumor showed biopsy-confirmed gastric CR. Grade 3/4 neutropenia developed in 66% of patients and grade 3 febrile neutropenia in 16%. The most common grade 3 nonhematologic toxic effects were abdominal pain (18%), anorexia (16%), and diarrhea (14%). UGT1A polymorphisms were associated with significantly higher incidence of grade 4 leukopenia (UGT1A1*6), neutropenia (UGT1A1*6, UGT1A6*2, and UGT1A7*3), grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia (UGT1A1*6), and grade 3 abdominal pain (UGT1A1*6). CONCLUSIONS The TIROX regimen induced marked tumor reduction and promising survival with a manageable toxicity profile in MGC patients. UGT1A genotype may be predictive of TIROX toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S-Y Kong
- Center for Clinical Services, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - J Rhee
- Center for Gastric Cancer
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Jang SM, Kim JW, Kim CH, An JH, Kang EJ, Kim CG, Kim HJ, Choi KH. Control of transferrin expression by β-amyloid through the CP2 transcription factor. FEBS J 2010; 277:4054-65. [PMID: 20796026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the most important pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Although Aβ induces neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampus through several molecular mechanisms, few studies have evaluated the modulation of transcription factors during Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the transcriptional activity of transcription factor CP2 in neuronal damage mediated by Aβ (Aβ(1-42) and Aβ(25-35) ). An unbiased motif search of the transferrin promoter region showed that CP2 binds to the transferrin promoter, an iron-regulating protein, and regulates transferrin transcription. Ectopic expression of CP2 led to increased transferrin expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas knockdown of CP2 down-regulated transferrin mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, CP2 trans-activated transcription of a transferrin reporter gene. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that CP2 binds to the transferrin promoter region. Furthermore, the binding affinity of CP2 to the transferrin promoter was regulated by Aβ, as Aβ (Aβ(1-42) and Aβ(25-35) ) markedly increased the binding affinity of CP2 for the transferrin promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that CP2 contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by inducing transferrin expression via up-regulating its transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jang
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim BG, Cho CM, Lee YA, Kim BJ, Kim KJ, Kim YH, Min KS, Kim CG, Ryu BY. Enrichment of Testicular Gonocytes and Genetic Modification Using Lentiviral Transduction in Pigs1. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:1162-9. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.079558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Kang HC, Chae JH, Jeon J, Kim W, Ha DH, Shin JH, Kim CG, Kim CG. PIAS1 regulates CP2c localization and active promoter complex formation in erythroid cell-specific alpha-globin expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:5456-71. [PMID: 20421208 PMCID: PMC2938217 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Data presented here extends our previous observations on α-globin transcriptional regulation by the CP2 and PIAS1 proteins. Using RNAi knockdown, we have now shown that CP2b, CP2c and PIAS1 are each necessary for synergistic activation of endogenous α-globin gene expression in differentiating MEL cells. In this system, truncated PIAS1 mutants lacking the ring finger domain recruited CP2c to the nucleus, as did wild-type PIAS1, demonstrating that this is a sumoylation-independent process. In vitro, recombinant CP2c, CP2b and PIAS1 bound DNA as a stable CBP (CP2c/CP2b/PIAS1) complex. Following PIAS1 knockdown in MEL cells, however, the association of endogenous CP2c and CP2b with the α-globin promoter simultaneously decreased. By mapping the CP2b- and CP2c-binding domains on PIAS1, and the PIAS1-binding domains on CP2b and CP2c, we found that two regions of PIAS1 that interact with CP2c/CP2b are required for its co-activator function. We propose that CP2c, CP2b, and PIAS1 form a hexametric complex with two units each of CP2c, CP2b, and PIAS1, in which PIAS1 serves as a clamp between two CP2 proteins, while CP2c binds directly to the target DNA and CP2b mediates strong transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
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Nam SY, Choi IJ, Park KW, Ryu KH, Kim BC, Sohn DK, Nam BH, Kim CG. Risk of hemorrhagic gastropathy associated with colonoscopy bowel preparation using oral sodium phosphate solution. Endoscopy 2010; 42:109-13. [PMID: 20140827 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Oral sodium phosphate (NaP) solution is widely used for colonoscopy bowel preparation and it may cause aphthous ulcers in the colon. Our aim was to evaluate whether oral NaP solution is associated with gastric mucosal lesions. METHODS A total of 20 070 individuals underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with colonoscopy, and 4271 individuals underwent EGD without colonoscopy, for cancer screening. Oral NaP solutions were used for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Hemorrhagic gastropathy was graded using a five-point scale for erosive mucosal injury. The effect of NaP bowel preparation on hemorrhagic gastropathy was estimated using multiple logistic regression analysis with odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The incidence of hemorrhagic gastropathy was 1.6 % (70/4271) in the EGD only group and 4.0 % (809/20 070) in the EGD with colonoscopy group ( P < 0.001, unadjusted OR 2.55, 95 %CI 1.99 - 3.27). The ORs for mild (grade 1 - 2), moderate (grade 3), and severe (grade 4) hemorrhagic gastropathy according to NaP use were 1.92 (95 %CI 1.45 - 2.54), 4.72 (95 %CI 2.65 - 8.47), and 5.99 (95 %CI 1.46 - 24.63), respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, NaP solution was a significant risk factor for acute hemorrhagic gastropathy in the multivariate analysis (OR 1.92, 95 %CI 1.34-2.74). In addition, male sex, a body mass index (kg/m (2)) of less than 20, concurrent use of antihypertensive or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and duodenal ulcers were independently associated with the development of hemorrhagic gastropathy. HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection and atrophic gastritis were negatively associated with hemorrhagic gastropathy. CONCLUSION Oral NaP bowel preparation for colonoscopy was associated with hemorrhagic gastropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Nam
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obesity and weight gain increase the risk for symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, their association with erosive oesophagitis is still unclear in the male population. AIM To evaluate, in men, the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight gain with endoscopically proven erosive oesophagitis. METHODS A total of 8571 Korean men in a comprehensive screening cohort were enrolled. Effects of BMI and abdominal obesity on erosive oesophagitis were estimated with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression analysis. We also evaluated the association between erosive oesophagitis and BMI change after 1-3 years. RESULTS The prevalence of erosive oesophagitis was 6.4% (552/8571). In univariate analysis, the ORs for erosive oesophagitis increased as BMI or waist circumference increased (P for trend <0.001, both). In multivariate analysis, OR for erosive oesophagitis increased as BMI increased (P for trend = 0.002), while the significance of waist circumference was attenuated (P for trend = 0.13). Increase in BMI (>or=1 kg/m2) was associated with persistence of erosive oesophagitis (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.01-7.92, P = 0.04) and new development of the disease (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.38-3.28, P = 0.001) compared with BMI change less than 1 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS Elevated BMI and weight gain have a significant association with erosive oesophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Nam
- Center for Cancer prevention & Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although obesity and weight gain increase the risk for symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, their association with erosive oesophagitis is still unclear in the male population. AIM To evaluate, in men, the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight gain with endoscopically proven erosive oesophagitis. METHODS A total of 8571 Korean men in a comprehensive screening cohort were enrolled. Effects of BMI and abdominal obesity on erosive oesophagitis were estimated with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression analysis. We also evaluated the association between erosive oesophagitis and BMI change after 1-3 years. RESULTS The prevalence of erosive oesophagitis was 6.4% (552/8571). In univariate analysis, the ORs for erosive oesophagitis increased as BMI or waist circumference increased (P for trend <0.001, both). In multivariate analysis, OR for erosive oesophagitis increased as BMI increased (P for trend = 0.002), while the significance of waist circumference was attenuated (P for trend = 0.13). Increase in BMI (>or=1 kg/m2) was associated with persistence of erosive oesophagitis (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.01-7.92, P = 0.04) and new development of the disease (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.38-3.28, P = 0.001) compared with BMI change less than 1 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS Elevated BMI and weight gain have a significant association with erosive oesophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Nam
- Center for Cancer prevention & Detection, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Chae JH, Kang HC, Kim CG. The relative cellular levels of CP2a and CP2b potentiates erythroid cell-specific expression of the alpha-globin gene by regulating the nuclear localization of CP2c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 380:813-7. [PMID: 19338758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.01.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CP2b activates alpha-globin expression in an erythroid cell-specific manner, through interaction with CP2c and PIAS1. Although CP2a is identical to CP2b except for lacking an exon encoding additional 36 amino acids and has the intrinsic DNA binding and transactivation properties, it does not exert any role in alpha-globin expression. Investigation of subcellular localization of exogenous CP2 proteins revealed that CP2a and CP2b were exclusively localized in the cytosol and nucleus, respectively. The CP2b-specific exon was in charge of the nuclear localization of CP2b. Interestingly, subcellular localization of CP2c was either in the nucleus or cytosol depending on the relative level of CP2a and CP2b although CP2c intrinsically localized in the cytosol in the absence of CP2a/CP2b. Finally, dramatic increment of hemoglobin expression was correlated with nuclear translocation of CP2c during MEL cell differentiation. Our data suggest that CP2b potentiate erythroid cell-specific alpha-globin expression by recruiting CP2c into the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyung Chae
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Haengdang 17, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Ryu KW, Lee SE, Cho SJ, Lee JY, Kim CG, Choi IJ, Kook MC, Kim MJ, Park SR, Lee JS, Nam BH, Kim YW. Learning curve for identification of sentinel lymph node based on a cumulative sum analysis in gastric cancer. Dig Surg 2009; 26:465-70. [PMID: 20068318 DOI: 10.1159/000236036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Lymph node metastasis is the most important point to consider when deciding on the modality of resection in patients with early gastric cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the learning curve for identification of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS The investigators included the results from 2 prospective series of sentinel lymph node mapping. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis was performed to assess the learning curves for identification of sentinel lymph nodes at CUSUM target success rates of 95%. RESULTS One surgeon performed 135 sentinel lymph node mappings for 2 prospective series. The success rate exceeded 90%. The learning period for gastric cancer sentinel node mapping was calculated to be 26 cases for achieving a 95% success rate. Multiple logistic regression analysis for successful detection of sentinel nodes showed that surgical experience of sentinel lymph node mapping was an independent factor for successful detection of sentinel nodes. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the learning period for identification of sentinel lymph nodes in gastric cancer would be 26 cases. In clinical trials for gastric cancer with sentinel lymph node mapping, the learning curve should be considered to minimize bias due to surgical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute for National Cancer Control and Evaluation, National Cancer Center, 111 Jungbalsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Han JS, So MH, Kim CG. Optimization of biological wastewater treatment conditions for 1,4-dioxane decomposition in polyester manufacturing processes. Water Sci Technol 2009; 59:995-1002. [PMID: 19273899 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The solvent stabilizer 1,4-dioxane could have harmful effects on an ecosystem. The discharge limit of 1,4-dioxane in a body of water will be regulated at 5 mg/L in Republic of Korea. Thus, the currently operating activated sludge used in the manufacture of polyester should be properly treated to meet the regulations. Accordingly, the removal rate of 1,4-dioxane and its microbial properties was assessed at K, H and T corporations. The highest removal efficiencies were recorded at H. However, the concentration of 1,4-dioxane in the effluent of T exceeded the criterion. In addition, a microbial degradation test was conducted on 100 mg/L of 1,4-dioxane inoculated with the activated sludge from each of the three corporations. After 7 days, the 1,4-dioxane was completely removed with the H sludge and efficiencies were 67% in the T sludge and 52% in the K sludge. These results confirm that the biodegradability of 1,4-dioxane may vary in relation to the microbial properties. The microbial diversity of activated sludge of each company was therefore investigated by 16S rDNA cloning methods. In conclusion, the activated sludge of H is the most effective for the biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane. This fact is of significant concern for the industrial sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Han
- Department of the Environment Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyundong, Namgu, Incheon, 402-751, Republic of Korea
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Han JS, Kim CG. Microbiological monitoring of acid mine drainage treatment systems and aquatic surroundings using real-time PCR. Water Sci Technol 2009; 59:2083-2091. [PMID: 19494446 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In general, acid mine drainage (AMD) causes low pH and high metal concentrations in mining areas and surroundings. The aim of this research was to achieve microbiological monitoring for AMD and to assess whether mine water outflows have any ecological effects on the aqueous ecosystem receiving effluents from different types of treatment system. The water quality of aquatic sample was analyzed and the molecular biological diversity of the samples was assessed using 16S rRNA methods, which were implemented to determine which bacteria existed throughout various unit processes for different AMD treatment systems and their receiving water environments. Acidiphilium cryptum, a heterotrophic acidophile, was found at the AMD sites, and Rhodoferax ferrireducens, which can reduce iron using insoluble Fe(III) as an electron acceptor, was detected at many AMD treatment facilities and downstream of the treatment processes. Subsequently, quantitative real-time PCR was conducted on specific genes of selected bacteria. Surprisingly, obvious trends were observed in the relative abundance of the various bacteria that corresponded to the water quality analytical results. The copy number of Desulfosporosinus orientus, a sulfate reducing bacteria, was also observed to decrease in response to decreases in metals according to the downstream flow of the AMD treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Han
- Department of the Environment Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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