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Jevtic S, Carr D, Dobrzycka-Ambrozewicz A, Kotulzca-Jozwiak K, Lvova O, Pervunina T, Petryaikina Y, Shishimorov I, Vlodavets D, Nally S, Ramos H, Borowsky B. SMA - TREATMENT. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide, and flecainide are local anesthetics which give an analgesic effect when administered orally or parenterally. Early reports described the use of intravenous lidocaine or procaine to relieve cancer and postoperative pain. Interest reappeared decades later when patient series and clinical trials reported that parenteral lidocaine and its oral analogs tocainide, mexiletine, and flecainide relieved neuropathic pain in some patients. With the recent publication of clinical trials with high quality standards, we have reviewed the use of systemic lidocaine and its oral analogs in neuropathic pain to update our knowledge, to measure their benefit and harm, and to better define their role in therapy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate pain relief and adverse effect rates between systemic local anesthetic-type drugs and other control interventions. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE (1966 through 15 May 2004), EMBASE (January 1980 to December 2002), Cancer Lit (through 15 December 2002), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2nd Quarter, 2004), System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE), and LILACS, from January 1966 through March 2001. We also hand searched conference proceedings, textbooks, original articles and reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We included trials with random allocation, that were double blinded, with a parallel or crossover design. The control intervention was a placebo or an analgesic drug for neuropathic pain from any cause. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We collected efficacy and safety data from all published and unpublished trials. We calculated combined effect sizes using continuous and binary data for pain relief and adverse effects as primary and secondary outcome measurements, respectively. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-two controlled clinical trials met the selection criteria; two were duplicate articles. The treatment drugs were intravenous lidocaine (16 trials), mexiletine (12 trials), lidocaine plus mexiletine sequentially (one trial), and tocainide (one trial). Twenty-one trials were crossover studies, and nine were parallel. Lidocaine and mexiletine were superior to placebo [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -11; 95% CI: -15 to -7; P < 0.00001], and limited data showed no difference in efficacy (WMD = -0.6; 95% CI: -7 to 6), or adverse effects versus carbamazepine, amantadine, gabapentin or morphine. In these trials, systemic local anesthetics were safe, with no deaths or life-threatening toxicities. Sensitivity analysis identified data distribution in three trials as a probable source of heterogeneity. There was no publication bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine and oral analogs were safe drugs in controlled clinical trials for neuropathic pain, were better than placebo, and were as effective as other analgesics. Future trials should enroll specific diseases and test novel lidocaine analogs with better toxicity profiles. More emphasis is necessary on outcomes measuring patient satisfaction to assess if statistically significant pain relief is clinically meaningful.
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Peters T, Jevtic S, Carr D, Kieloch A, Valentin M, Dobrzycka-Ambrozevicz A, Kotulska-Jóźwiak K, Litvinenko I, Lvova O, Pervunina T, Petryaikina E, Shishimorov I, Vlodavets D, Kakarieka A. P.274Serum neurofilament light chain in type 1 spinal muscular atrophy: second part of a branaplam phase II study. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mitchard D, Clark D, Carr D, Stone C, Haddad A. Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31524865 DOI: 10.3791/56336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lightning is one of the most common and destructive forces in nature and has long been studied using spectroscopic techniques, first with traditional camera film methods and then digital camera technology, from which several important characteristics have been derived. However, such work has always been limited due to the inherently random and non-repeatable nature of natural lightning events in the field. Recent developments in lightning test facilities now allow the reproducible generation of lightning arcs within controlled laboratory environments, providing a test bed for the development of new sensors and diagnostic techniques to understand lightning mechanisms better. One such technique is a spectroscopic system using digital camera technology capable of identifying the chemical elements with which the lightning arc interacts, with these data then being used to derive further characteristics. In this paper, the spectroscopic system is used to obtain the emission spectrum from a 100 kA peak, 100 µs duration lightning arc generated across a pair of hemispherical tungsten electrodes separated by a small air gap. To maintain a spectral resolution of less than 1 nm, several individual spectra were recorded across discrete wavelength ranges, averaged, stitched, and corrected to produce a final composite spectrum in the 450 nm (blue light) to 890 nm (near infrared light) range. Characteristic peaks within the data were then compared to an established publicly available database to identify the chemical element interactions. This method is readily applicable to a variety of other light emitting events, such as fast electrical discharges, partial discharges, and sparking in electrical equipment, apparatus, and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mitchard
- Morgan-Botti Lightning Laboratory, Advanced High Voltage Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University;
| | - D Clark
- Morgan-Botti Lightning Laboratory, Advanced High Voltage Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University
| | - D Carr
- Morgan-Botti Lightning Laboratory, Advanced High Voltage Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University
| | - C Stone
- Morgan-Botti Lightning Laboratory, Advanced High Voltage Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University
| | - A Haddad
- Morgan-Botti Lightning Laboratory, Advanced High Voltage Research Centre, School of Engineering, Cardiff University
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Ramirez L, Carr D, Taylor M. EDUCATIONAL DISCORDANCE FROM PARENTS AND LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG OLDER WHITE, BLACK, AND HISPANIC AMERICANS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Carr D, Groen J, Burgard S. EARLY-LIFE INFLUENCES ON MID- AND LATER-LIFE WELL-BEING: NEW EVIDENCE FROM THE NLSY79. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Carr
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Groen
- Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - S Burgard
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Wang Y, Matz-Costa C, Miller J, Carr D, Kohlbacher F. USES AND GRATIFICATIONS SOUGHT FROM MOBILE PHONE USE AND LONELINESS AMONG JAPANESE MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Boston College School of Social Work, Brighton, Massachusetts, United States
| | - C Matz-Costa
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - J Miller
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - D Carr
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Carr D. CLEARING THE FIRST HURDLE: TIPS FOR GETTING AN “R&R” INVITATION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Carr
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Carr D, Sachs-Ericsson N, Taylor M. COMBAT EXPOSURE AND LIFE SATISFACTION IN OLDER VETERANS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF THE QUALITY OF MATERNAL RELATIONSHIP. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jasper A, Gilligan M, Carr D. ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS AND WELL-BEING IN LATER LIFE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Jasper
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - D Carr
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Carr D. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: SOCIAL SCIENCES—GLOBAL SCHOLARSHIP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Carr
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Yamashita T, Carr D, Keene J. INFORMAL VOLUNTEERING AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING DURING LATER LIFE IN THE U.S. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Keene
- University of Nevada Las Vegas
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King B, Taylor M, Carr D. IMPACTS RELATED TO PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT FOLLOWING SPOUSAL LOSS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Carr D, Rapoport M. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE RISK OF MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION AND DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Carr
- Washington University, St Louis, St Louis, Minnesota, United States
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Isaacowitz D, Newman A, Carr D, Pruchno R, Sands L, McNamara S. HOW TO PUBLISH: ROUND TABLE DISCUSSIONS WITH JOURNAL EDITORS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Isaacowitz
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - A Newman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Editor, The Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, The Gerontological Society of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Carr
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Pruchno
- Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - L Sands
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - S McNamara
- Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA
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Brown SL, Carr D. LATER-LIFE PARTNERSHIP AND WELL-BEING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S L Brown
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - D Carr
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Carr D, Moen P, Perry-Jenkins M, Powell L, Smyer M, Wilson L. FISCAL VULNERABILITY AND ADJUSTMENT TO RETIREMENT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Carr
- Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida,
| | - P. Moen
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,
| | | | | | - M. Smyer
- Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania,
| | - L.B. Wilson
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Carr D, Latham-Mintus K. TIME USE AMONG OLDER ADULTS: DIFFERENTIALS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR WELL-BEING. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Carr
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - K. Latham-Mintus
- Indiana University-Purdue University--Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Carr D, Kail B, Calvo R. ETHNORACIAL DISPARITIES IN ADJUSTMENT TO RETIREMENT: THE HISPANIC ADVANTAGE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Carr
- Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida,
| | - B. Kail
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - R. Calvo
- Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts,
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Carr D. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY: SOCIAL SCIENCES —GLOBAL SCHOLARSHIP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Carr
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Zwetchkenbaum S, Carr D. PSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES ON ORAL HEALTH AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE U.S.: DATA RESOURCES AND CHALLENGES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Carr
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey,
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Carr D, O’Neill G. ORAL HEALTH IN LATER LIFE: RESEARCH CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND INNOVATIONS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Carr
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Urena S, Taylor M, Carr D. THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND RESILIENCE IN MENTAL HEALTH TRAJECTORIES OF AGING VETERANS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Urena
- Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - M.G. Taylor
- Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - D. Carr
- Sociology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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van Vliet EOG, Dijkema GH, Schuit E, Heida KY, Roos C, van der Post JAM, Parry EC, McCowan L, Lyell DJ, El-Sayed YY, Carr DB, Clark AL, Mahdy ZA, Uma M, Sayin NC, Varol GF, Mol BW, Oudijk MA. Nifedipine maintenance tocolysis and perinatal outcome: an individual participant data meta-analysis. BJOG 2016; 123:1753-60. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EOG van Vliet
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - GH Dijkema
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - E Schuit
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine; Stanford Prevention Research Centre; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - KY Heida
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - C Roos
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - JAM van der Post
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - EC Parry
- Consultant Maternal Fetal Medicine Service; Auckland District Health Board; Auckland New Zealand
| | - L McCowan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University Medical Centre Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - DJ Lyell
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Stanford University Medical School; Stanford CA USA
| | - YY El-Sayed
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Stanford University Medical School; Stanford CA USA
| | - DB Carr
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Washington; Washington DC USA
| | - AL Clark
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Washington; Washington DC USA
| | - ZA Mahdy
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University of Malaysia Medical Center; Cheras Malaysia
| | - M Uma
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; National University of Malaysia Medical Center; Cheras Malaysia
| | - NC Sayin
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Trakya University; Edime Turkey
| | - GF Varol
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Trakya University; Edime Turkey
| | - BW Mol
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - MA Oudijk
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Abstract
A common assumption in the study of the relationship between human vision and the visual environment is that human vision has developed in order to encode the incident information in an optimal manner. Such arguments have been used to support the 1/f dependence of scene content as a function of spatial frequency. In keeping with this assumption, we ask whether there are any important differences between the luminance and (r/g) chrominance Fourier spectra of natural scenes, the simple expectation being that the chrominance spectrum should be relatively richer in low spatial frequencies than the luminance spectrum, to correspond with the different shape of luminance and chrominance contrast sensitivity functions. We analysed a data set of 29 images of natural scenes (predominantly of vegetation at different distances) which were obtained with a hyper-spectral camera (measuring the scene through a set of 31 wavelength bands in the range 400 – 700 nm). The images were transformed to the three Smith — Pokorny cone fundamentals, and further transformed into ‘luminance’ (r+g) and ‘chrominance’ (r-g) images, with various assumptions being made about the relative weighting of the r and g components, and the form of the chrominance response. We then analysed the Fourier spectra of these images using logarithmic intervals in spatial frequency space. This allowed a determination of the total energy within each Fourier band for each of the luminance and chrominance representations. The results strongly indicate that, for the set of scenes studied here, there was no evidence of a predominance of low-spatial-frequency chrominance information. Two classes of explanation are possible: (a) that raw Fourier content may not be the main organising principle determining visual encoding of colour, and/or (b) that our scenes were atypical of what may have driven visual evolution. We present arguments in favour of both of these propositions.
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Abstract
It has been well established that pain reflects complex, linked neuroendocrine responses that go far beyond a sensory alarm system. Accordingly, there may be significant medical consequences of inadequate recognition or treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Fishman
- Greenwich Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, Conn
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Rapoport MJ, Weegar K, Kadulina Y, Bédard M, Carr D, Charlton JL, Dow J, Gillespie IA, Hawley CA, Koppel S, McCullagh S, Molnar F, Murie-Fernández M, Naglie G, O'Neill D, Shortt S, Simpson C, Tuokko HA, Vrkljan BH, Marshall S. An international study of the quality of national-level guidelines on driving with medical illness. QJM 2015; 108:859-69. [PMID: 25660605 PMCID: PMC4620729 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical illnesses are associated with a modest increase in crash risk, although many individuals with acute or chronic conditions may remain safe to drive, or pose only temporary risks. Despite the extensive use of national guidelines about driving with medical illness, the quality of these guidelines has not been formally appraised. AIM To systematically evaluate the quality of selected national guidelines about driving with medical illness. DESIGN A literature search of bibliographic databases and Internet resources was conducted to identify the guidelines, each of which was formally appraised. METHODS Eighteen physicians or researchers from Canada, Australia, Ireland, USA and UK appraised nine national guidelines, applying the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. RESULTS Relative strengths were found in AGREE II scores for the domains of scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement and clarity of presentation. However, all guidelines were given low ratings on rigour of development, applicability and documentation of editorial independence. Overall quality ratings ranged from 2.25 to 5.00 out of 7.00, with modifications recommended for 7 of the guidelines. Intra-class coefficients demonstrated fair to excellent appraiser agreement (0.57-0.79). CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first systematic evaluation of national-level guidelines for determining medical fitness to drive. There is substantive variability in the quality of these guidelines, and rigour of development was a relative weakness. There is a need for rigorous, empirically derived guidance for physicians and licensing authorities when assessing driving in the medically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rapoport
- From the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada
| | - K Weegar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M2, Canada
| | - Y Kadulina
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - M Bédard
- Centre for Research on Driving, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada, St. Joseph's Care Group, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5G7, Canada
| | - D Carr
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - J L Charlton
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - J Dow
- Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec, Québec, QC G1K 8J6, Canada
| | - I A Gillespie
- British Columbia Medical Association, Vancouver, BC V6J 5A4, Canada
| | - C A Hawley
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - S Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - S McCullagh
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - F Molnar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M2, Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - G Naglie
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2J7, Canada, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - D O'Neill
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland,
| | - S Shortt
- Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, ON K1G 5W8, Canada
| | - C Simpson
- Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada and
| | - H A Tuokko
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - B H Vrkljan
- McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - S Marshall
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M2, Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Breeze J, Baxter D, Carr D, Midwinter MJ. Defining combat helmet coverage for protection against explosively propelled fragments. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2013; 161:9-13. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Carr D. WB12 Wound Ballistics Symposium. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2013; 159:62-63. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Salinthone S, Yadav V, Ganesh M, Cherala G, Shinto L, Koop D, Bourdette D, Carr D. P02.183. Comparing the bioavailability of two forms of lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373678 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Salinthone S, Bourdette D, Carr D. The Natural Antioxidant -Tocopherol (Vitamin E) Activates the cAMP Signaling Cascade and Alters Immune Cell Function: Implications for MS Therapy (P05.100). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ott B, Davis J, Hewitt S, Carr D. Prediction of Road Test and Naturalistic Driving Ability of Older People with and without Cognitive Impairment in the Office Setting (S24.004). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s24.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Steinbüchel NV, Limm H, Leopold C, Carr D. Assessment of health-related quality-of-life in patients after heart transplantation under therapy with tacrolimus or cyclosporine. Transpl Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2000.tb02117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dickinson L, Chaponda M, Carr D, van Oosterhout JJ, Kumwenda J, Lalloo DG, Pirmohamed M, Heyderman R, Khoo SH. Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analysis of nevirapine in hypersensitive and tolerant HIV-infected patients from Malawi. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3112962 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-p181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hertzog P, Fung K, Mangan N, Cumming H, Hansbro P, Horvath J, Carr D. Regulation of mucosal immunity by a novel cytokine, interferon epsilon. J Reprod Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2010.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Carr DB, Newton KM, Utzschneider KM, Tong J, Gerchman F, Kahn SE, Easterling TR, Heckbert SR. Preeclampsia and risk of developing subsequent diabetes. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 28:435-47. [PMID: 19843005 DOI: 10.3109/10641950802629675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine whether preeclampsia is associated with developing diabetes. METHODS Subsequent diabetes was ascertained using ICD-9 codes, pharmacy and glucose data in a retrospective cohort study of 2,032 women with preeclampsia and 29,431 without preeclampsia. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 342 women developed diabetes. Preeclampsia was associated with a higher risk of diabetes adjusting for age, primigravidity, and gestational diabetes (hazard ratio, HR 1.82, 95%CI 1.26, 2.62) and in women without gestational diabetes (n = 30,109; HR 1.86, 95%CI 1.22, 2.84). CONCLUSION Women with preeclampsia have greater risk of developing diabetes, even in the absence of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Carr
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6460, USA.
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Carr D, Muschert GW, Kinney J, Robbins E, Petonito G, Manning L, Brown JS. Silver Alerts and the Problem of Missing Adults with Dementia. The Gerontologist 2009; 50:149-57. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnp102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hebert MF, Ma X, Naraharisetti SB, Krudys KM, Umans JG, Hankins GDV, Caritis SN, Miodovnik M, Mattison DR, Unadkat JD, Kelly EJ, Blough D, Cobelli C, Ahmed MS, Snodgrass WR, Carr DB, Easterling TR, Vicini P. Are we optimizing gestational diabetes treatment with glyburide? The pharmacologic basis for better clinical practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009; 85:607-14. [PMID: 19295505 PMCID: PMC2684566 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glyburide's pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics have not been studied in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The objective of this study was to assess steady-state PK of glyburide, as well as insulin sensitivity, beta-cell responsivity, and overall disposition indices after a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) in women with GDM (n = 40), nonpregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 26), and healthy pregnant women (n = 40, MMTT only). At equivalent doses, glyburide plasma concentrations were approximately 50% lower in pregnant women than in nonpregnant subjects. The average umbilical cord/maternal plasma glyburide concentration ratio at the time of delivery was 0.7 +/- 0.4. Insulin sensitivity was approximately fivefold lower in women with GDM as compared with healthy pregnant women. Despite comparable beta-cell responsivity indices, the average beta-cell function corrected for insulin resistance was more than 3.5-fold lower in women with glyburide-treated GDM than in healthy pregnant women. Women with GDM in whom glyburide treatment has failed may benefit from alternative medication or dosage escalation; however, fetal safety should be kept in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Hebert
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Buchanan ML, Easterling TR, Carr DB, Shen DD, Risler LJ, Nelson WL, Mattison DR, Hebert MF. Clonidine pharmacokinetics in pregnancy. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 37:702-5. [PMID: 19116263 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.024984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of clonidine during pregnancy compared with previously published data in nonpregnant subjects. Serial blood and urine samples were collected in 17 women during mid to late pregnancy over one steady-state dosing interval to determine clonidine noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters (n = 17) and creatinine clearance. In six of these pregnant subjects, maternal and umbilical cord (venous and arterial) plasma samples were collected at the time of delivery for measurement of clonidine concentrations. Clonidine apparent oral clearance was found to be 440 +/- 168 ml/min during pregnancy compared with 245 +/- 72 ml/min as previously reported in nonpregnant subjects (p < 0.0001) (Cunningham et al., 1994). There was a strong correlation (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) between clonidine renal clearance, adjusted for variation in glomerular filtration rate, and urine pH. Umbilical cord to maternal plasma clonidine concentration ratios were 1.0 +/- 0.1 (arterial) and 1.0 +/- 0.1 (venous). In conclusion, clonidine is cleared more rapidly in pregnant women than in nonpregnant subjects. At the time of delivery, the fetus is exposed to similar plasma clonidine concentrations as the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Buchanan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, H-375 Health Sciences Center, Box 357630, Seattle, WA 98195-7630, USA
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Abstract
A characteristic and dominant feature of type 2 diabetes is a reduction in beta-cell function that is associated with a decrease in beta-cell volume. A decline in the first-phase insulin response following intravenous glucose administration can be demonstrated as the fasting glucose concentration increases. This response is completely absent before the glucose threshold that defines diabetes has been reached and at a time when beta-cells are clearly still present, implying that a functional beta-cell lesion has to exist independent of beta-cell loss. Surgical or chemical reductions of up to 65% of beta-cell volume demonstrate that functional adaptation of the normal beta-cell prevents a rise in fasting glucose or reduction in first-phase insulin response. However, the ability of glucose to potentiate the beta-cell's response to non-glucose secretagogues is reduced and is more closely associated with the reduction in beta-cell volume. The future, in terms of prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, lies in the ability to prevent and revert both beta-cell loss and dysfunction. However, until beta-cell volume can be quantified reliably and non-invasively, we will need to rely on the ability of glucose to potentiate insulin release as the best surrogate estimate of the number of beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OBD) is characterized by constipation, incomplete evacuation, bloating, and increased gastric reflux. OBD occurs both acutely and chronically, in multiple disease states, resulting in increased morbidity and reduced quality of life. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of traditional and peripherally active opioid antagonists versus conventional interventions for OBD. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE in January 2007. Additional reports were identified from the reference lists of retrieved papers. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials that investigated the efficacy of mu-opioid antagonists for OBD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were extracted by two independent review authors and included demographic variables, diagnoses, interventions, efficacy, and adverse events. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria and provided data on 2871 opioid antagonist-treated patients. The opioid antagonists investigated were alvimopan (nine studies), methylnaltrexone (six), naloxone (seven), and nalbuphine (one). Meta-analysis demonstrated that methylnaltrexone and alvimopan were better than placebo in reversing opioid-induced increased gastrointestinal transit time and constipation, and that alvimopan appears to be safe and efficacious in treating postoperative ileus. The incidence of adverse events with opioid antagonists was similar to placebo and generally reported as mild-to-moderate. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Insufficient evidence exists for the safety or efficacy of naloxone or nalbuphine in the treatment of OBD. Long-term efficacy and safety of any of the opioid antagonists is unknown, as is the incidence or nature of rare adverse events. Alvimopan and methylnaltrexone both show promise in treating OBD, but further data will be required to fully assess their place in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D McNicol
- New England Medical Center, Pharmacy and Anesthesia, Box #420, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Carr D, Felce J. Teaching picture-to-object relations in picture-based requesting by children with autism: a comparison between error prevention and error correction teaching procedures. J Intellect Disabil Res 2008; 52:309-317. [PMID: 18339093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.01021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who have a combination of language and developmental disabilities with autism often experience major difficulties in learning relations between objects and their graphic representations. Therefore, they would benefit from teaching procedures that minimize their difficulties in acquiring these relations. This study compared two teaching procedures, an error prevention procedure and an error correction procedure, for teaching relations between objects and pictures. METHOD Participants were two groups of children with autism, aged between 3 and 7 years. In the context of picture-to-object requesting, one group was taught using an error correction method and the other group with an error prevention method. The measures for each child were accuracy of correspondences between taught picture and object pairs and accuracy of delayed correspondences in learning outcome tests with all combinations of object and picture pairs presented to them throughout the study. RESULTS The group receiving the error prevention-based teaching made significantly fewer errors during the teaching phases and in their learning outcome test for correspondences between all combinations of pictures and objects. CONCLUSIONS The error prevention teaching procedure would seem to provide a more efficient and ecologically valid method than the error correction procedure for teaching relations between objects and their graphic-based referents. Improvements in the methodology were suggested for providing a stronger basis for comparison between error correction and error prevention teaching methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carr
- Welsh Centre for Learning Disabilities, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Neuadd Merionydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Kakavouli A, McNicol E, Goudas L, Lau J, Carr DB. Clonidine to supplement opioids for pain. Hippokratia 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004599.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tzortzopoulou A, Cepeda MS, Schumann R, Carr DB. Antifibrinolytic agents for reducing blood loss in scoliosis surgery in children. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Utzschneider KM, Prigeon RL, Tong J, Gerchman F, Carr DB, Zraika S, Udayasankar J, Montgomery B, Mari A, Kahn SE. Within-subject variability of measures of beta cell function derived from a 2 h OGTT: implications for research studies. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2516-25. [PMID: 17928990 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Knowledge of the within-subject variability of a parameter is required to properly design and calculate sample sizes for longitudinal studies. We sought to determine the day-to-day variability of measures of beta cell function derived from an OGTT. METHODS Thirty-seven adults (13 with normal glucose tolerance, ten with impaired glucose tolerance, 14 with type 2 diabetes) underwent a standard 2 h 75 g OGTT on two separate days (median time between tests, 7 days; range, 5-14). From these data, the reproducibility of several indices of beta cell function were determined: insulinogenic index (DeltaI(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30)), early C-peptide response (DeltaCP(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30)), incremental AUC insulin to glucose response (incAUC(ins)/incAUC(glu)), integrated insulin secretion response from 0 to 120 min (IS/Glu(0-120)) and indices of beta cell function derived from a mathematical model. RESULTS Within-subject variability for DeltaI(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30) (CV 57.1%) was higher than DeltaCP(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30) (CV 34.7%). Measures integrated over the full 120 min of the OGTT, incAUC(ins)/incAUC(glu) (CV 24.9%) and IS/Glu(0-120) (CV 17.4%), demonstrated less variability. The mathematical model-derived measures of beta cell glucose sensitivity (CV 20.3%) and potentiation (CV 33.0%) showed moderate variability. The impact of the different measures' variability on sample size (30% change from baseline) is demonstrated by calculated sample sizes of 89 for DeltaI(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30), 37 for DeltaCP(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30), 21 for incAUC(ins)/incAUC(glu) and 11 for IS/Glu(0-120). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Some OGTT-derived indices of beta cell function, in particular the insulinogenic index, demonstrate high within-subject variability. Integrated measures that utilise multiple time points and measures that use C-peptide show less variability and may lead to a reduced sample size requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Utzschneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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Tong J, Boyko EJ, Utzschneider KM, McNeely MJ, Hayashi T, Carr DB, Wallace TM, Zraika S, Gerchman F, Leonetti DL, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE. Intra-abdominal fat accumulation predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic Japanese-Americans. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1156-60. [PMID: 17387445 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Intra-abdominal fat (IAF) is an important risk factor for CHD and type 2 diabetes, and in cross-sectional studies is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our aim was to determine whether IAF accumulation predicts the future development of MetS in non-diabetic Japanese-Americans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 457 Japanese-American men and women (mean+/-SD: age 51.5 +/- 12.0 years, BMI 23.9 +/- 3.1 kg/m(2)) without diabetes or MetS at baseline. Of these, 408 completed a 5-year follow-up and 366 completed a 10-year follow-up. BMI, waist circumference, IAF and subcutaneous fat (SCF) areas by computed tomography, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol were measured at baseline and at 5- and 10-year follow-up. MetS was defined using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS Incidence of MetS was 15.3% at 5 years and 17.8% at 10 years. A change of 1 SD in IAF area was associated with a 2.1-fold increase in the odds of MetS at 10 years (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% CI 1.41-3.07) after adjusting for age, sex, baseline IAF and the presence of each individual MetS criteria at baseline. This association was independent of changes in fasting insulin and SCF areas. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that IAF accumulation over time independently predicts the development of MetS and thus may play an important role in the development of MetS in Japanese-Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tong
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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Andrew MA, Easterling TR, Carr DB, Shen D, Buchanan ML, Rutherford T, Bennett R, Vicini P, Hebert MF. Amoxicillin pharmacokinetics in pregnant women: modeling and simulations of dosage strategies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 81:547-56. [PMID: 17329990 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amoxicillin is recommended for anthrax prevention in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin during pregnancy and postpartum (PP). Sixteen women received amoxicillin during gestation (18-22 weeks (T2) and 30-34 weeks (T3)) as well as 3 months postpartum (PP) to evaluate single-dose pharmacokinetics. Amoxicillin compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were used to simulate amoxicillin concentration-time profiles following different dosage strategies. Amoxicillin CL(renal) (T2: 24.8+/-6.7 l/h, P<0.001; T3: 24.0+/-3.9 l/h, P<0.001; and PP: 15.3+/-2.6 l/h) and renal CL(secretion) (T2: 280+/-105 ml/min, P<0.002; T3: 259+/-54 ml/min, P<0.001; and PP: 167+/-47 ml/min) were higher during pregnancy than postpartum. Simulations suggest that amoxicillin concentrations adequate to prevent anthrax may be difficult to achieve during pregnancy and postpartum. Increases in amoxicillin CL(renal) and renal CL(secretion) reflect increases in filtration and secretory transport or diminished reabsorption in the kidneys. Amoxicillin may not be an appropriate antibiotic for post-anthrax exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Andrew
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Tong J, Utzschneider KM, Carr DB, Zraika S, Udayasankar J, Gerchman F, Knopp RH, Kahn SE. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels are associated with differences in body fat distribution in human subjects. Diabetologia 2007; 50:439-42. [PMID: 17171555 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is produced by the F-cells of the pancreas, and its plasma concentration has been used as a marker of parasympathetic activity. Recent work in rodents suggests that there is both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue and that parasympathetic activity is anabolic resulting in lipid accumulation. We have examined whether in humans increased PP levels are associated with increased intra-abdominal fat (IAF), and thereby insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured PP levels in 177 non-diabetic subjects (75 male/102 female; age 32-75 years) 3 min after an i.v. glucose bolus during a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. IAF and s.c. fat (SCF) areas were measured by CT scan. The insulin sensitivity index (S (I)) was quantified using Bergman's minimal model. RESULTS PP levels were higher in men than in women (96.2 +/- 72.2 vs 76.1 +/- 55.0 pg/ml, mean +/- SD, p = 0.037), as was IAF area (124.7 +/- 67.4 vs 83.0 +/- 57.7 cm(2), p < 0.001). While PP levels were significantly associated with IAF (r = 0.16, p = 0.031), WHR (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and age (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), they were not associated with SCF (r = 0.02, p = 0.829). The association between PP and IAF was not independent of age and/or sex. S(I) was negatively associated with PP levels (r = -0.17, p = 0.026) and IAF area (r = -0.65, p < 0.001). The association between S(I) and PP disappeared after adjusting for IAF area, indicating that S(I) was not a major determinant of PP levels. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In humans, age and sex may modulate the association between plasma PP level and IAF area, suggesting that they may be determinants of parasympathetic activity and thus IAF accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tong
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
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