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Rubinstein YR, Robinson PN, Gahl WA, Avillach P, Baynam G, Cederroth H, Goodwin RM, Groft SC, Hansson MG, Harris NL, Huser V, Mascalzoni D, McMurry JA, Might M, Nellaker C, Mons B, Paltoo DN, Pevsner J, Posada M, Rockett-Frase AP, Roos M, Rubinstein TB, Taruscio D, van Enckevort E, Haendel MA. The case for open science: rare diseases. JAMIA Open 2020; 3:472-486. [PMID: 33426479 PMCID: PMC7660964 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The premise of Open Science is that research and medical management will progress faster if data and knowledge are openly shared. The value of Open Science is nowhere more important and appreciated than in the rare disease (RD) community. Research into RDs has been limited by insufficient patient data and resources, a paucity of trained disease experts, and lack of therapeutics, leading to long delays in diagnosis and treatment. These issues can be ameliorated by following the principles and practices of sharing that are intrinsic to Open Science. Here, we describe how the RD community has adopted the core pillars of Open Science, adding new initiatives to promote care and research for RD patients and, ultimately, for all of medicine. We also present recommendations that can advance Open Science more globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaffa R Rubinstein
- Special Volunteer in the Office of Strategic Initiatives, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter N Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Avillach
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca M Goodwin
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen C Groft
- NCATS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mats G Hansson
- Center for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nomi L Harris
- Department of Environmental Genomics & System Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Vojtech Huser
- Department of Health and Human Services, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Mascalzoni
- Center for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Sweden and EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Julie A McMurry
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew Might
- Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christoffer Nellaker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barend Mons
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dina N Paltoo
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Pevsner
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manuel Posada
- Rare Diseases Research Institute & CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marco Roos
- Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tamar B Rubinstein
- Children Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Pediatrics, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Domenica Taruscio
- National Centre for Rare Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Esther van Enckevort
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Melissa A Haendel
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Dyke SOM, Philippakis AA, Rambla De Argila J, Paltoo DN, Luetkemeier ES, Knoppers BM, Brookes AJ, Spalding JD, Thompson M, Roos M, Boycott KM, Brudno M, Hurles M, Rehm HL, Matern A, Fiume M, Sherry ST. Consent Codes: Upholding Standard Data Use Conditions. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005772. [PMID: 26796797 PMCID: PMC4721915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic way of recording data use conditions that are based on consent permissions as found in the datasets of the main public genome archives (NCBI dbGaP and EMBL-EBI/CRG EGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie O. M. Dyke
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jordi Rambla De Argila
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dina N. Paltoo
- Office of Science Policy, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erin S. Luetkemeier
- Office of Science Policy, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bartha M. Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anthony J. Brookes
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - J. Dylan Spalding
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory—European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL—EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Thompson
- Human Genetics Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Roos
- Human Genetics Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Brudno
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi L. Rehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andreas Matern
- Bioreference Laboratories, Inc., Elmwood Park, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen T. Sherry
- National Centre for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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King KR, Grazette LP, Paltoo DN, McDevitt JT, Sia SK, Barrett PM, Apple FS, Gurbel PA, Weissleder R, Leeds H, Iturriaga EJ, Rao AK, Adhikari B, Desvigne-Nickens P, Galis ZS, Libby P. Point-of-Care Technologies for Precision Cardiovascular Care and Clinical Research: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:73-86. [PMID: 26977455 PMCID: PMC4787294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care technologies (POC or POCT) are enabling innovative cardiovascular diagnostics that promise to improve patient care across diverse clinical settings. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a working group to discuss POCT in cardiovascular medicine. The multidisciplinary working group, which included clinicians, scientists, engineers, device manufacturers, regulatory officials, and program staff, reviewed the state of the POCT field; discussed opportunities for POCT to improve cardiovascular care, realize the promise of precision medicine, and advance the clinical research enterprise; and identified barriers facing translation and integration of POCT with existing clinical systems. A POCT development roadmap emerged to guide multidisciplinary teams of biomarker scientists, technologists, health care providers, and clinical trialists as they: 1) formulate needs assessments; 2) define device design specifications; 3) develop component technologies and integrated systems; 4) perform iterative pilot testing; and 5) conduct rigorous prospective clinical testing to ensure that POCT solutions have substantial effects on cardiovascular care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. King
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luanda P. Grazette
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dina N. Paltoo
- Office of Science Policy, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John T. McDevitt
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Samuel K. Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Fred S. Apple
- Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paul A. Gurbel
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary Leeds
- Office of Science Policy, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erin J. Iturriaga
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anupama K. Rao
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bishow Adhikari
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Zorina S. Galis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Paltoo DN, Rodriguez LL, Feolo M, Gillanders E, Ramos EM, Rutter JL, Sherry S, Wang VO, Bailey A, Baker R, Caulder M, Harris EL, Langlais K, Leeds H, Luetkemeier E, Paine T, Roomian T, Tryka K, Patterson A, Green ED. Data use under the NIH GWAS data sharing policy and future directions. Nat Genet 2015; 46:934-8. [PMID: 25162809 PMCID: PMC4182942 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dina Paltoo, Laura Lyman Rodriguez, Michael Feolo and colleagues present their analysis of the usefulness and impact of the first seven years of data sharing via the dbGaP repository and announce the extension of data-sharing provisions to other types of research funded by the NIH. In 2007, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) introduced the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Policy and the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) to facilitate 'controlled' access to GWAS data based on participants' informed consent. dbGaP has provided 2,221 investigators access to 304 studies, resulting in 924 publications and significant scientific advances. Following on this success, the 2014 Genomic Data Sharing Policy will extend the GWAS Policy to additional data types.
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Chen HS, Hutter CM, Mechanic LE, Amos CI, Bafna V, Hauser ER, Hernandez RD, Li C, Liberles DA, McAllister K, Moore JH, Paltoo DN, Papanicolaou GJ, Peng B, Ritchie MD, Rosenfeld G, Witte JS, Gillanders EM, Feuer EJ. Genetic simulation tools for post-genome wide association studies of complex diseases. Genet Epidemiol 2014; 39:11-19. [PMID: 25371374 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic simulation programs are used to model data under specified assumptions to facilitate the understanding and study of complex genetic systems. Standardized data sets generated using genetic simulation are essential for the development and application of novel analytical tools in genetic epidemiology studies. With continuing advances in high-throughput genomic technologies and generation and analysis of larger, more complex data sets, there is a need for updating current approaches in genetic simulation modeling. To provide a forum to address current and emerging challenges in this area, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored a workshop, entitled "Genetic Simulation Tools for Post-Genome Wide Association Studies of Complex Diseases" at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland on March 11-12, 2014. The goals of the workshop were to (1) identify opportunities, challenges, and resource needs for the development and application of genetic simulation models; (2) improve the integration of tools for modeling and analysis of simulated data; and (3) foster collaborations to facilitate development and applications of genetic simulation. During the course of the meeting, the group identified challenges and opportunities for the science of simulation, software and methods development, and collaboration. This paper summarizes key discussions at the meeting, and highlights important challenges and opportunities to advance the field of genetic simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huann-Sheng Chen
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Carolyn M Hutter
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Leah E Mechanic
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Division of Community, Family Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03755
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Ryan D Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - David A Liberles
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Kimberly McAllister
- Susceptibility and Population Health Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Genetics, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03755
| | - Dina N Paltoo
- Office of Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - George J Papanicolaou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Prevention and Population Sciences Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Gabriel Rosenfeld
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94107
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Eric J Feuer
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Wojczynski MK, Li M, Bielak LF, Kerr KF, Reiner AP, Wong ND, Yanek LR, Qu L, White CC, Lange LA, Ferguson JF, He J, Young T, Mosley TH, Smith JA, Kral BG, Guo X, Wong Q, Ganesh SK, Heckbert SR, Griswold ME, O'Leary DH, Budoff M, Carr JJ, Taylor HA, Bluemke DA, Demissie S, Hwang SJ, Paltoo DN, Polak JF, Psaty BM, Becker DM, Province MA, Post WS, O'Donnell CJ, Wilson JG, Harris TB, Kavousi M, Cupples LA, Rotter JI, Fornage M, Becker LC, Peyser PA, Borecki IB, Reilly MP. Genetics of coronary artery calcification among African Americans, a meta-analysis. BMC Med Genet 2013; 14:75. [PMID: 23870195 PMCID: PMC3733595 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of death in the United States. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores are independent predictors of CHD. African Americans (AA) have higher rates of CHD but are less well-studied in genomic studies. We assembled the largest AA data resource currently available with measured CAC to identify associated genetic variants. Methods We analyzed log transformed CAC quantity (ln(CAC + 1)), for association with ~2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and performed an inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis on results for 5,823 AA from 8 studies. Heritability was calculated using family studies. The most significant SNPs among AAs were evaluated in European Ancestry (EA) CAC data; conversely, the significance of published SNPs for CAC/CHD in EA was queried within our AA meta-analysis. Results Heritability of CAC was lower in AA (~30%) than previously reported for EA (~50%). No SNP reached genome wide significance (p < 5E-08). Of 67 SNPs with p < 1E-05 in AA there was no evidence of association in EA CAC data. Four SNPs in regions previously implicated in CAC/CHD (at 9p21 and PHACTR1) in EA reached nominal significance for CAC in AA, with concordant direction. Among AA, rs16905644 (p = 4.08E-05) had the strongest association in the 9p21 region. Conclusions While we observed substantial heritability for CAC in AA, we failed to identify loci for CAC at genome-wide significant levels despite having adequate power to detect alleles with moderate to large effects. Although suggestive signals in AA were apparent at 9p21 and additional CAC and CAD EA loci, overall the data suggest that even larger samples and an ethnic specific focus will be required for GWAS discoveries for CAC in AA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Fox ER, Musani SK, Barbalic M, Lin H, Yu B, Ogunyankin KO, Smith NL, Kutlar A, Glazer NL, Post WS, Paltoo DN, Dries DL, Farlow DN, Duarte CW, Kardia SL, Meyers KJ, Sun YV, Arnett DK, Patki AA, Sha J, Cui X, Samdarshi TE, Penman AD, Bibbins-Domingo K, Bůžková P, Benjamin EJ, Bluemke DA, Morrison AC, Heiss G, Carr JJ, Tracy RP, Mosley TH, Taylor HA, Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Cappola TP, Vasan RS. Genome-wide association study of cardiac structure and systolic function in African Americans: the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:37-46. [PMID: 23275298 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.962365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using data from 4 community-based cohorts of African Americans, we tested the association between genome-wide markers (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and cardiac phenotypes in the Candidate-gene Association Resource study. METHODS AND RESULTS Among 6765 African Americans, we related age, sex, height, and weight-adjusted residuals for 9 cardiac phenotypes (assessed by echocardiogram or magnetic resonance imaging) to 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped using Genome-wide Affymetrix Human SNP Array 6.0 (Affy6.0) and the remainder imputed. Within the cohort, genome-wide association analysis was conducted, followed by meta-analysis across cohorts using inverse variance weights (genome-wide significance threshold=4.0 ×10(-7)). Supplementary pathway analysis was performed. We attempted replication in 3 smaller cohorts of African ancestry and tested lookups in 1 consortium of European ancestry (EchoGEN). Across the 9 phenotypes, variants in 4 genetic loci reached genome-wide significance: rs4552931 in UBE2V2 (P=1.43×10(-7)) for left ventricular mass, rs7213314 in WIPI1 (P=1.68×10(-7)) for left ventricular internal diastolic diameter, rs1571099 in PPAPDC1A (P=2.57×10(-8)) for interventricular septal wall thickness, and rs9530176 in KLF5 (P=4.02×10(-7)) for ejection fraction. Associated variants were enriched in 3 signaling pathways involved in cardiac remodeling. None of the 4 loci replicated in cohorts of African ancestry was confirmed in lookups in EchoGEN. CONCLUSIONS In the largest genome-wide association study of cardiac structure and function to date in African Americans, we identified 4 genetic loci related to left ventricular mass, interventricular septal wall thickness, left ventricular internal diastolic diameter, and ejection fraction, which reached genome-wide significance. Replication results suggest that these loci may be unique to individuals of African ancestry. Additional large-scale studies are warranted for these complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin R Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Deo R, Nalls MA, Avery CL, Smith JG, Evans DS, Keller MF, Butler AM, Buxbaum SG, Li G, Miguel Quibrera P, Smith EN, Tanaka T, Akylbekova EL, Alonso A, Arking DE, Benjamin EJ, Berenson GS, Bis JC, Chen LY, Chen W, Cummings SR, Ellinor PT, Evans MK, Ferrucci L, Fox ER, Heckbert SR, Heiss G, Hsueh WC, Kerr KF, Limacher MC, Liu Y, Lubitz SA, Magnani JW, Mehra R, Marcus GM, Murray SS, Newman AB, Njajou O, North KE, Paltoo DN, Psaty BM, Redline SS, Reiner AP, Robinson JG, Rotter JI, Samdarshi TE, Schnabel RB, Schork NJ, Singleton AB, Siscovick D, Soliman EZ, Sotoodehnia N, Srinivasan SR, Taylor HA, Trevisan M, Zhang Z, Zonderman AB, Newton-Cheh C, Whitsel EA. Common genetic variation near the connexin-43 gene is associated with resting heart rate in African Americans: a genome-wide association study of 13,372 participants. Heart Rhythm 2012. [PMID: 23183192 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic loci associated with variation in resting heart rate in European and Asian populations. No study has evaluated genetic variants associated with heart rate in African Americans. OBJECTIVE To identify novel genetic variants associated with resting heart rate in African Americans. METHODS Ten cohort studies participating in the Candidate-gene Association Resource and Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network consortia performed genome-wide genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and imputed 2,954,965 SNPs using HapMap YRI and CEU panels in 13,372 participants of African ancestry. Each study measured the RR interval (ms) from 10-second resting 12-lead electrocardiograms and estimated RR-SNP associations using covariate-adjusted linear regression. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine cohort-specific measures of association and identify genome-wide significant loci (P≤2.5×10(-8)). RESULTS Fourteen SNPs on chromosome 6q22 exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold. The most significant association was for rs9320841 (+13 ms per minor allele; P = 4.98×10(-15)). This SNP was approximately 350 kb downstream of GJA1, a locus previously identified as harboring SNPs associated with heart rate in Europeans. Adjustment for rs9320841 also attenuated the association between the remaining 13 SNPs in this region and heart rate. In addition, SNPs in MYH6, which have been identified in European genome-wide association study, were associated with similar changes in the resting heart rate as this population of African Americans. CONCLUSIONS An intergenic region downstream of GJA1 (the gene encoding connexin 43, the major protein of the human myocardial gap junction) and an intragenic region within MYH6 are associated with variation in resting heart rate in African Americans as well as in populations of European and Asian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Deo
- Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Section, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Musunuru K, Roden DM, Boineau R, Bristow MR, McCaffrey TA, Newton-Cheh C, Paltoo DN, Rosenberg Y, Wohlgemuth JG, Zineh I, Hasan AAK. Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics: current status and future directions-report of a national heart, lung, and blood institute working group. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:e000554. [PMID: 23130127 PMCID: PMC3487365 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.111.000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Musunuru
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (K.M.)
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Marcus GM, Alonso A, Peralta CA, Lettre G, Vittinghoff E, Lubitz SA, Fox ER, Levitzky YS, Mehra R, Kerr KF, Deo R, Sotoodehnia N, Akylbekova M, Ellinor PT, Paltoo DN, Soliman EZ, Benjamin EJ, Heckbert SR. European ancestry as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in African Americans. Circulation 2012; 122:2009-15. [PMID: 21098467 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.958306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a higher burden of standard atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors, African Americans have a lower risk of AF than whites. It is unknown whether the higher risk is due to genetic or environmental factors. Because African Americans have varying degrees of European ancestry, we sought to test the hypothesis that European ancestry is an independent risk factor for AF. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied whites (n=4543) and African Americans (n=822) in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and whites (n=10 902) and African Americans (n=3517) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (n=3517). Percent European ancestry in African Americans was estimated with 1747 ancestry informative markers from the Illumina custom ITMAT-Broad-CARe array. Among African Americans without baseline AF, 120 of 804 CHS participants and 181 of 3517 ARIC participants developed incident AF. A meta-analysis from the 2 studies revealed that every 10% increase in European ancestry increased the risk of AF by 13% (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.23; P=0.007). After adjustment for potential confounders, European ancestry remained a predictor of incident AF in each cohort alone, with a combined estimated hazard ratio for each 10% increase in European ancestry of 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.29; P=0.001). A second analysis using 3192 ancestry informative markers from a genome-wide Affymetrix 6.0 array in ARIC African Americans yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS European ancestry predicted risk of incident AF. Our study suggests that investigating genetic variants contributing to differential AF risk in individuals of African versus European ancestry will be informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Marcus
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave, MUE 434, San Francisco, CA 94143-1354, USA.
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Mechanic LE, Chen HS, Amos CI, Chatterjee N, Cox NJ, Divi RL, Fan R, Harris EL, Jacobs K, Kraft P, Leal SM, McAllister K, Moore JH, Paltoo DN, Province MA, Ramos EM, Ritchie MD, Roeder K, Schaid DJ, Stephens M, Thomas DC, Weinberg CR, Witte JS, Zhang S, Zöllner S, Feuer EJ, Gillanders EM. Next generation analytic tools for large scale genetic epidemiology studies of complex diseases. Genet Epidemiol 2011; 36:22-35. [PMID: 22147673 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have succeeded in identifying hundreds of genetic markers associated with common diseases. However, most of these markers confer relatively small increments of risk and explain only a small proportion of familial clustering. To identify obstacles to future progress in genetic epidemiology research and provide recommendations to NIH for overcoming these barriers, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a workshop entitled "Next Generation Analytic Tools for Large-Scale Genetic Epidemiology Studies of Complex Diseases" on September 15-16, 2010. The goal of the workshop was to facilitate discussions on (1) statistical strategies and methods to efficiently identify genetic and environmental factors contributing to the risk of complex disease; and (2) how to develop, apply, and evaluate these strategies for the design, analysis, and interpretation of large-scale complex disease association studies in order to guide NIH in setting the future agenda in this area of research. The workshop was organized as a series of short presentations covering scientific (gene-gene and gene-environment interaction, complex phenotypes, and rare variants and next generation sequencing) and methodological (simulation modeling and computational resources and data management) topic areas. Specific needs to advance the field were identified during each session and are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Mechanic
- Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Lettre G, Palmer CD, Young T, Ejebe KG, Allayee H, Benjamin EJ, Bennett F, Bowden DW, Chakravarti A, Dreisbach A, Farlow DN, Folsom AR, Fornage M, Forrester T, Fox E, Haiman CA, Hartiala J, Harris TB, Hazen SL, Heckbert SR, Henderson BE, Hirschhorn JN, Keating BJ, Kritchevsky SB, Larkin E, Li M, Rudock ME, McKenzie CA, Meigs JB, Meng YA, Mosley TH, Newman AB, Newton-Cheh CH, Paltoo DN, Papanicolaou GJ, Patterson N, Post WS, Psaty BM, Qasim AN, Qu L, Rader DJ, Redline S, Reilly MP, Reiner AP, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Liu Y, Shrader P, Siscovick DS, Tang WHW, Taylor HA, Tracy RP, Vasan RS, Waters KM, Wilks R, Wilson JG, Fabsitz RR, Gabriel SB, Kathiresan S, Boerwinkle E. Genome-wide association study of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in 8,090 African Americans: the NHLBI CARe Project. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001300. [PMID: 21347282 PMCID: PMC3037413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality in African Americans. To identify common genetic polymorphisms associated with CHD and its risk factors (LDL- and HDL-cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C), hypertension, smoking, and type-2 diabetes) in individuals of African ancestry, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 8,090 African Americans from five population-based cohorts. We replicated 17 loci previously associated with CHD or its risk factors in Caucasians. For five of these regions (CHD: CDKN2A/CDKN2B; HDL-C: FADS1-3, PLTP, LPL, and ABCA1), we could leverage the distinct linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in African Americans to identify DNA polymorphisms more strongly associated with the phenotypes than the previously reported index SNPs found in Caucasian populations. We also developed a new approach for association testing in admixed populations that uses allelic and local ancestry variation. Using this method, we discovered several loci that would have been missed using the basic allelic and global ancestry information only. Our conclusions suggest that no major loci uniquely explain the high prevalence of CHD in African Americans. Our project has developed resources and methods that address both admixture- and SNP-association to maximize power for genetic discovery in even larger African-American consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taylor Young
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenechi G. Ejebe
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Franklyn Bennett
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Al Dreisbach
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Deborah N. Farlow
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron R. Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ervin Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jaana Hartiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiovascular Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brendan J. Keating
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- J. Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emma Larkin
- Case Western Reserve University, Center for Clinical Investigation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mingyao Li
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Megan E. Rudock
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Colin A. McKenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - James B. Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yang A. Meng
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tom H. Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Christopher H. Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dina N. Paltoo
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - George J. Papanicolaou
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nick Patterson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Division of Cardiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Atif N. Qasim
- The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Liming Qu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan Redline
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter Shrader
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David S. Siscovick
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiovascular Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Herman A. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Waters
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rainford Wilks
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - James G. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississipi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Fabsitz
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stacey B. Gabriel
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Framingham Heart Study of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Musunuru K, Lettre G, Young T, Farlow DN, Pirruccello JP, Ejebe KG, Keating BJ, Yang Q, Chen MH, Lapchyk N, Crenshaw A, Ziaugra L, Rachupka A, Benjamin EJ, Cupples LA, Fornage M, Fox ER, Heckbert SR, Hirschhorn JN, Newton-Cheh C, Nizzari MM, Paltoo DN, Papanicolaou GJ, Patel SR, Psaty BM, Rader DJ, Redline S, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Taylor HA, Tracy RP, Vasan RS, Wilson JG, Kathiresan S, Fabsitz RR, Boerwinkle E, Gabriel SB. Candidate gene association resource (CARe): design, methods, and proof of concept. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 3:267-75. [PMID: 20400780 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.109.882696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe), a planned cross-cohort analysis of genetic variation in cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematologic, and sleep-related traits, comprises >40,000 participants representing 4 ethnic groups in 9 community-based cohorts. The goals of CARe include the discovery of new variants associated with traits using a candidate gene approach and the discovery of new variants using the genome-wide association mapping approach specifically in African Americans. METHODS AND RESULTS CARe has assembled DNA samples for >40,000 individuals self-identified as European American, African American, Hispanic, or Chinese American, with accompanying data on hundreds of phenotypes that have been standardized and deposited in the CARe Phenotype Database. All participants were genotyped for 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected based on prior association evidence. We performed association analyses relating each of these SNPs to lipid traits, stratified by sex and ethnicity, and adjusted for age and age squared. In at least 2 of the ethnic groups, SNPs near CETP, LIPC, and LPL strongly replicated for association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, PCSK9 with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and LPL and APOA5 with serum triglycerides. Notably, some SNPs showed varying effect sizes and significance of association in different ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The CARe Pilot Study validates the operational framework for phenotype collection, SNP genotyping, and analytic pipeline of the CARe project and validates the planned candidate gene study of approximately 2000 biological candidate loci in all participants and genome-wide association study in approximately 8000 African American participants. CARe will serve as a valuable resource for the scientific community.
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Rohrmann S, Paltoo DN, Platz EA, Hoffman SC, Comstock GW, Helzlsouer KJ. Association of Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer Among Men in a Maryland Cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2005; 16:1189-94. [PMID: 16215869 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-005-0304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of vasectomy with prostate cancer. METHODS Participants were male members of the CLUE II cohort followed since 1989. On a questionnaire mailed in 1996, the men were asked if they had had a vasectomy and their age at vasectomy. Between 1996 and April 2004, 78 prostate cancer cases were confirmed among the 3373 men who were at least 35 years old at baseline and who completed the questions about vasectomy. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of prostate cancer. RESULTS The HR for prostate cancer for men who had had a vasectomy was 2.03 (95% CI: 1.24-3.32). Risk of low-grade disease (HR=2.87; 95% CI 1.49-5.54), but not high-grade disease (HR=0.99; 95% CI 0.36-2.76), was higher in men who had had a vasectomy. No statistically significant associations were observed for low- or high-stage disease. The association for vasectomy was more pronounced in men who were 40 years at the time of vasectomy (HR=2.63; 95% CI 1.40-4.94) than in men who were younger at vasectomy. CONCLUSIONS The results from this prospective study suggest a positive association between vasectomy and prostate cancer, especially low-grade disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rohrmann
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Room E6138, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Kidd LCR, Paltoo DN, Wang S, Chen W, Akereyeni F, Isaacs W, Ahaghotu C, Kittles R. Sequence variation within the 5' regulatory regions of the vitamin D binding protein and receptor genes and prostate cancer risk. Prostate 2005; 64:272-82. [PMID: 15717311 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and binding protein (DBP) mediate the cellular transport, activity, and anti-tumor action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)(2)D3]. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the transcriptional regulatory regions of the VDR and DBP are associated with prostate cancer risk. METHODS Novel SNPs were identified in the VDR and DBP transcription regulatory gene regions and genotyped in a case-control study using male subjects with (n=258) or without (n=434) prostate cancer. RESULTS African-American men who possessed at least one variant VDR-5132 C allele had a increased risk of prostate cancer (OR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.31). Further study revealed that the VDR-5132 T/C SNP eliminates a GATA-1 transcription factor-binding site. CONCLUSION The VDR-5132 T/C SNP, resulting in potential elimination of the GATA-1 transcription factor-binding site, may increase prostate cancer susceptibility in African-Americans. Confirmation of these findings is needed in larger observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Creis R Kidd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Roth MJ, Paltoo DN, Albert PS, Baer DJ, Judd JT, Tangrea J, Taylor PR. Common Leptin Receptor Polymorphisms do not Modify the Effect of Alcohol Ingestion on Serum Leptin Levels in a Controlled Feeding and Alcohol Ingestion Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:1576-8. [PMID: 15941977 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored whether serum leptin response to alcohol ingestion was related to common leptin receptor gene polymorphisms, K109R (Lys109Arg), Q223R (Gln223Arg), S343S [Ser(T)343Ser(C)], and K656N (Lys656Asn), of reported physiologic significance during a controlled intervention. Fifty-three participants rotated through three 8-week treatment periods and consumed 0, 15 (equivalent to one drink), or 30 g (equivalent to two drinks) of alcohol (95% ethanol in 12 ounces of orange juice) per day, in random order. During the controlled feeding periods, all food and beverages including alcoholic beverages were prepared and supplied by the staff of the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center's Human Study Facility (Beltsville, MD), and energy intake was adjusted to maintain a constant weight. Blood was collected after an overnight fast on 3 separate days during the last week of each controlled feeding period and pooled for hormone analysis. Circulating serum leptin concentration was measured in duplicate by RIA and genotype analysis was done on DNA extracted from WBC using real-time PCR analysis amplification (TaqMan). Linear mixed models with a single random intercept reflecting a participant effect were used to estimate changes in serum leptin levels at 15 and 30 g of alcohol per day relative to 0 g of alcohol per day. No significant effects were found between common leptin receptor polymorphisms and serum leptin levels (P > or = 0.26).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Roth
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Suite 705, MSC 8314, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer is a major public health concern in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. However, information on the incidence of cancer is lacking for this group. The purpose of this study is to report cancer incidence patterns for the U.S. AI/AN population. METHODS Age-adjusted annual cancer incidence rates for 1992 through 1999 were calculated for 12 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) areas, representing a sample (42%) of the U.S. AI/AN population. Trends in cancer incidence rates for the AI/AN sample were determined using standard linear regression of log-transformed rates and were compared to those of the U.S. white population. RESULTS The top five incident cancers (from highest to lowest) among AI/AN males were prostate, lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, kidney and renal pelvis, and stomach cancers. Among AI/AN women, cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, lung and bronchus, endometrium, and ovary ranked highest. Four sites where cancer incidence rates are greater for AI/ANs than for whites include gallbladder (the AI/AN rate was 4.1 times the rate for white males and 2.6 times the rate for white females), liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers (1.3 times for males and 2.3 times for females), stomach (1.2 times for males and 1.5 times for females), and kidney and renal pelvis (1.03 times for males and 1.07 times for females). The data show increasing trends for AI/AN males and females and declining trends for white males and females for colorectal, stomach, and pancreatic cancers and leukemia. Similar differences between AI/AN rates and white rates were found for urinary bladder cancers in males and gallbladder cancer in females. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of SEER data allowed for the determination of disparities in cancer incidence between a sample of the U.S. AI/AN population and the white population. The findings of this study provide baseline information necessary for developing cancer prevention and intervention strategies specific to the AI/AN population to address these cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina N Paltoo
- Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to regular and timely mammography screening, especially in older low-income women, continues to fall below objectives. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether engaging in other cancer screenings was associated with mammography adherence for older women. METHODS Women, ages 52 and over, without a self-reported history of breast cancer (N = 862) were selected from a larger sample of women residing in Washington, DC, census tracts with >/=30% of households below 200% of the federal poverty threshold. A computer-assisted telephone survey was used to collect data on health care system factors, demographics, cultural beliefs, clinical breast exam (CBE), Pap smear, fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), and mammography. Adherence was defined as receipt of the last two screening tests within recommended intervals for age. RESULTS After controlling for other variables, adherence to CBE (OR = 4.15; 95% CI, 2.55-6.73) and Pap smear (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.07-3.12) were highly predictive of mammography adherence. Adherence to FOBT (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 0.97-2.84) was marginally predictive. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate that nonadherence to other cancer screenings can help identify women in need of additional interventions to improve mammography adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Augustson
- Division of Cancer Control and Populations Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Canada RG, Paltoo DN. Binding of terbium and cisplatin to C13* human ovarian cancer cells using time-resolved terbium luminescence. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1448:85-98. [PMID: 9824675 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(98)00127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Terbium (Tb3+) has been shown to increase the cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant human breast and ovarian cancer cells. Time-resolved Tb3+ luminescence was used to describe the binding of cisplatin to cisplatin-resistant C13* cells. A high-affinity Tb3+ binding site was identified in the plasma membrane of the C13* cells (n=105+/-2 fmol/cell and Kd=36. 3+/-5.2 microM). The binding of Tb3+ is suggested to occur through a cation-pi interaction with tryptophan residues in the plasma membrane, resulting in an enhancement of the intensity and lifetime of Tb3+. Stern-Volmer quenching analysis revealed that the Tb3+ binding site is not readily accessible to the aqueous environment. The quenching of the Tb3+-C13* intensity by cisplatin occurred by static quenching processes, involving both a direct electron-exchange interaction as well as an indirect dipole-dipole resonant energy transfer mechanism. Formation of the Tb3+-C13*-cisplatin complex does not interfere with the high-affinity binding of Tb3+; cisplatin and Tb3+ bind within 5 to 10 A of each other. A specific terbium/cisplatin binding protein is suggested to play a role in the cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Therefore, the transport of cisplatin across the plasma membrane must also involve a facilitated diffusion process. Our results indicate that the binding of Tb3+ to the plasma membrane may be potentially useful in the reversal of cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Canada
- Laboratory of Biophysical Cytochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Paltoo DN, Canada RG. Effects of terbium on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in FaDu human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biochem Biophys 1998; 16:213-27. [PMID: 10072206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, we report a relationship between the terbium (Tb3+) binding protein and the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in human head and neck cancer cells. In the FaDu cell line, the cytotoxic action of cisplatin was shown to be approximately six times more potent than the cytotoxicity of Tb3+. When cisplatin was combined with 80 microM Tb3+, the IC20 and IC50 values for cisplatin were reduced by 70% and 24%, respectively. The IC80 value, however, was increased by 124%. The results suggest that the cytotoxicity of cisplatin is enhanced by Tb3+ at low cisplatin concentrations. In agreement with previous studies, calcium and cisplatin were found to be mixed-type and noncompetitive inhibitors, respectively, of the Tb3+ -FaDu intensity. These findings imply that the receptor binding of Tb3+ can modulate the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Paltoo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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