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Di D, Zhou H, Cui Z, Zhang J, Liu Q, Yuan T, Zhou T, Luo X, Ling D, Wang Q. Frailty phenotype as mediator between systemic inflammation and osteoporosis and fracture risks: A prospective study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 38468152 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation and frailty have been implicated in osteoporosis (OP) and fracture risks; however, existing evidence remains limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the associations of systemic inflammation and frailty phenotype with incident OP and fracture and to evaluate the mediating role of frailty phenotype. METHODS The present study analysed data from the UK Biobank, a comprehensive and representative dataset encompassing over 500 000 individuals from the general population. Baseline peripheral blood cell counts were employed to calculate the systemic inflammation markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Frailty phenotype was assessed using five criteria, defined as frail (≥3 items met), pre-frail (1-2 items met) and non-frail (0 items met). OP and fracture events were confirmed through participants' health-related records. Multivariable linear and Cox regression models were utilized, along with mediation analysis. RESULTS Increased systemic inflammation was associated with increased risks of OP and fracture. The corresponding hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OP risk per standard deviation increase in the log-transformed NLR, PLR and SII were 1.113 (1.093-1.132), 1.098 (1.079-1.118) and 1.092 (1.073-1.111), and for fracture risk, they were 1.066 (1.051-1.082), 1.059 (1.044-1.075) and 1.073 (1.058-1.089), respectively. Compared with the non-frail individuals, the pre-frail and frail ones showed an elevated OP risk by 21.2% (95% CI: 16.5-26.2%) and 111.0% (95% CI: 98.1-124.8%), respectively, and an elevated fracture risk by 6.1% (95% CI: 2.8-9.5%) and 38.2% (95% CI: 30.7-46.2%), respectively. The systemic inflammation level demonstrated a positive association with frailty, with β (95% CI) of 0.034 (0.031-0.037), 0.026 (0.023-0.029) and 0.008 (0.005-0.011) in response to per standard deviation increment in log-transformed SII, NLR and PLR, respectively. The frailty phenotype mediated the association between systemic inflammation and OP/fracture risk. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. CONCLUSIONS Systemic inflammation and frailty phenotype are independently linked to increased risks of OP and fracture. The frailty phenotype partially mediates the association between systemic inflammation and osteoporotic traits. These results highlight the significance of interventions targeting systemic inflammation and frailty in OP and fracture prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Di D, Zhou H, Cui Z, Zhang J, Liu Q, Yuan T, Zhou T, Luo X, Ling D, Wang Q. Early-life tobacco smoke elevating later-life osteoporosis risk: Mediated by telomere length and interplayed with genetic predisposition. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00083-3. [PMID: 38431123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The growing prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) in an aging global population presents a significant public health concern. Tobacco smoke negatively affects bone turnover, leading to reduced bone mass and heightened OP and fracture risk. However, the impact of early-life tobacco smoke exposure on later-life OP risk remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study was to explore the effects of early-life tobacco smoke exposure on incident OP risk in later life. The mediating role of telomere length (TL) and the interaction with genetic predisposition were also studied. METHODS Data on in utero tobacco smoke exposure (IUTSE) status and age of tobacco use initiation from the UK Biobank were used to estimate early-life tobacco smoke exposure. Incident OP cases were identified according to health-related records. Linear, Cox, and Laplace regression models were mainly used for data analysis. RESULTS Individuals with IUTSE showed a higher OP risk [hazard ratio (HR): 1.06, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.11] and experienced earlier OP onset by 0.30 years [50th percentile difference = -0.30, 95 % CI: -0.51, -0.09] compared to those without. Participants initiating tobacco smoke in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood had 1.41 times (95 % CI: 1.23, 1.61), 1.17 times (95 % CI:1.10, 1.24), and 1.14 times (95 % CI: 1.07, 1.20) the risk of OP, respectively, compared to never smokers. They also experienced earlier OP onset by 2.16, 0.95, and 0.71 years, sequentially. The TL significantly mediated the early-life tobacco exposure and OP association. Significant joint and interactive effects were detected between early-life tobacco smoke exposure and genetic elements. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate that early-life tobacco smoke exposure elevates the later-life OP risk, mediated by telomere length and interplayed with genetic predisposition. These findings highlight the importance of early-life intervention against tobacco smoke exposure and ageing status for precise OP prevention, especially in individuals with a high genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haolong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhangbo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Danyang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang J, Mai Q, Di D, Zhou H, Zhang R, Wang Q. Potential roles of gut microbiota in metal mixture and bone mineral density and osteoporosis risk association: an epidemiologic study in Wuhan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:117201-117213. [PMID: 37864687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the effects of multiple metal mixtures on bone health and the underlying mechanisms related to alterations in the gut microbiota. This study aimed to examine the potential roles of gut microbiota alterations in metal mixtures and their association with osteoporosis traits. Adults aged ≥ 55 years were recruited from two community healthcare centers in Wuhan City during 2016-2019. The plasma concentrations of six metals (zinc, iron, selenium, lead, cadmium, and arsenic) were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The k-means clustering method was employed to explore the exposure profiles of metal mixtures for all participants. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to profile the gut microbiota of participants. Combining these results with those of our previous study, we identified overlapping taxa and evaluated their potential roles. A total of 806 participants (516 females), with an average age of 67.36 years were included. The participants were grouped into three clusters using k-means clustering: Cluster 1 (n = 458), Cluster 2 (n = 199), and Cluster 3 (n = 149). The high-exposure group for iron, zinc, lead, and cadmium (Cluster 3) showed a negative association with lumbar spine 1-4 bone mineral density (BMD). A total of 201 individuals (121 females) underwent sequencing of the gut microbiota. Both alpha and beta diversities were statistically different among the three groups. Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, and Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedis were identified as overlapping taxa associated with the metal mixtures and BMD. Interaction analysis revealed that Cluster 3 interacted with Bacteroidaceae/Bacteroides, resulting in a positive effect on LS1-4 BMD (β = 0.358 g/cm2, 95% CI: 0.047 to 0.669, P = 0.025). Our findings indicate associations between multiple metal mixtures and BMD as well as gut microbiota alterations. Exploring the interaction between metal mixtures and the gut microbiota provides new perspectives for the precise prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Mai
- Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Di D, Zhang J, Zhou H, Cui Z, Zhang R, Liu Q, Yuan T, Zhou T, Luo X, Ling D, Wang Q. Mediating role of host metabolites in strontium's effect on osteoporosis among older individuals: Findings from Wuhan, China. Bone 2023; 175:116858. [PMID: 37487859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Strontium is receiving widespread attention due to its remarkable biological qualities in preventing bone resorption and fostering osteogenesis. However, the chemical processes behind strontium's dual activities on bone cells are not yet fully understood. This study used the metabolomic technique to identify and examine potential biomarkers between strontium exposure and osteoporosis (OP) risk. A total of 806 participants were recruited for the detection of plasma strontium content via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Plasma metabolites were profiled in 254 participants through an untargeted metabolomics technique. Generalized linear models were primarily used to analyze associations among plasma strontium, metabolites, and OP. The mediating effects of metabolites on the strontium-OP association were further investigated. A total of 31 differential metabolites were observed, 10 of which were upregulated and 21 were downregulated in the OP group compared with the non-OP group. Five metabolites (3-phenoxybenzoic acid, Cer (t18:0/16:1), HexCer(t16:1/12:1(2OH)), HexCer(t14:2/18:1(2OH)), and TG(16:0-18:1-24:4)) were selected as potential mediators based on their significant association with OP risk and with femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD). Moreover, all except TG(16:0-18:1-24:4) were involved in the OP discrimination model with excellent power combined with several traditional variables. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid and Cer(t18:0/16:1) had significant indirect effects on the strontium-OP association. The five candidate metabolites mediated 83.79 % of the strontium-OP association. Plasma strontium level was associated with reduced OP risk in the Han population in Wuhan. Thus, plasma metabolite profiling revealed five BMD/OP-associated metabolites that acted as mediators in the strontium-OP association. Our findings provided evidence of the mediating role of host plasma metabolites in strontium's effect on OP pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Liu Q, Tooki T, Di D, Zhou H, Cui Z, Zhang R, Zhang J, Yuan T, Zhou T, Luo X, Ling D, Wang Q. Role of lifestyle factors in mediating the effect of educational attainment on bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:120. [PMID: 37723362 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We performed two-step multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the mediating role of lifestyle factors in educational attainment (EA) and bone mineral density (BMD). Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European lineages were used. Coffee intake and processed-meat intake mediated the association between EA and BMD. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as the potential mediating roles of lifestyle factors in the expected EA-BMD relationship. By identifying modifiable lifestyle factors, we hope to provide relevant information to prevent osteoporosis or low BMD in the less educated population. METHODS Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major European lineages, one- and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to estimate the association between EA (in the social sciences genetic association consortium (SSGAC) involving 766,345 individuals and in the UK Biobank (UKB) involving 293,723 individuals) and BMD (in the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium involving 426,824 individuals selected from the UKB). The EA variable in both consortia were expressed by years of schooling completed. Two-step multivariable MR was used to assess the mediating roles of eight lifestyle-related factors (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, watching television, computer using, smoking initiation, coffee intake, alcohol intake frequency, tea intake, and processed-meat intake) in the EA and BMD association, and the corresponding mediating proportion was calculated. Meta-analysis was used to present a pooled estimate. RESULTS A total of 317 and 73 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GWAS significance (P < 5.0 × 10-8) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) for EA in the SSGAC and UKB, respectively. A total of 513 SNPs were selected as IVs for the BMD. The results of one- and two-sample MR revealed that the genetically predicted BMD increased by 0.094 and 0.047 g/cm2, respectively, in response to each SD increment of genetically predicted schooling years. Among the eight candidate mediators, coffee intake and processed-meat intake were potential mediators revealed by the two-step multivariable MR analysis, mediating 26.87% and 23.92% of EA's effect on BMD, respectively. Meta-analysis showed consistent findings. Results of sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of our findings. CONCLUSION We elucidated the causal protective effect of EA on BMD and the mediating roles of coffee intake and processed-meat intake. Intervening with these factors can potentially reduce the burden of bone density loss or osteoporotic fractures among the less educated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiaeki Tooki
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Di D, Tooki T, Zhou H, Cui Z, Zhang R, Zhang JL, Yuan T, Liu Q, Zhou T, Luo X, Ling D, Wang Q. Metal mixture and osteoporosis risk: Insights from plasma metabolite profiling. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115256. [PMID: 37454484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of osteoporosis (OP) is influenced by exposure to nonessential harmful metals and insufficient or excessive intake of necessary metals. Investigating multiple plasma metals, metabolites, and OP risk among older adults may reveal novel clues of underlying mechanisms for metal toxicity on bone mass. A total of 294 adults ≥ 55 years from Wuhan communities were included. Plasma concentrations of 23 metals and metabolites were measured via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and global metabolite detection. To investigate the relationships between plasma metals, OP risk, and OP-related metabolites, three different statistical techniques were used: generalized linear regression model, two-way orthogonal partial least-squares analysis (O2PLS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS). The mean ages were 66.82 and 66.21 years in OP (n = 115) and non-OP (n = 179) groups, respectively. Of all 2999 metabolites detected, 111 differential between-group members were observed. The OP risk decreased by 58.5% (OR=0.415, 95% CI: 0.237, 0.727) per quartile increment in the WQS index indicative of metal mixture exposure. Consistency remained for bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The O2PLS model identified the top five OP-related metabolites, namely, DG(18:2_22:6), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, TG(16:1_16:1_22:6), TG(16:0_16:0_20:4), and TG(14:1_18:2_18:3), contributing most to the joint covariation between the metal mixture and metabolites. Significant correlations between each of them and the metal mixture were found using WQS regression. Furthermore, the five metabolites mediated the associations of the metal mixtures, BMD, and OP risk. Our findings shed additional light on the mediation functions of plasma metabolites in the connection between multiple metal co-exposure and OP pathogenesis and offer new insights into the probable mechanisms underpinning the bone effects of the metal mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiaeki Tooki
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangbo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Di D, Zhang R, Zhou H, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhang J, Yuan T, Liu Q, Zhou T, Liu J, Wang Q. Exposure to phenols, chlorophenol pesticides, phthalate and PAHs and mortality risk: A prospective study based on 6 rounds of NHANES. Chemosphere 2023; 329:138650. [PMID: 37037349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human exposure to various endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is widespread and long-lasting. The primary objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the association of combined exposure of phenols, chlorophenol pesticides, phthalate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mortality risk in a representative US population. METHODS The data on urinary levels of phenols, chlorophenol pesticides, phthalates, and PAH metabolites, were collected from participants aged ≥20 years in six rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003-2014). NHANES-linked death records up to December 31, 2015 were used to ascertain mortality status and cause of death. Cox proportional hazards and competing risk models were mainly used for chemical and mortality risk association analysis. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were employed to estimate the association between EDC co-exposure and mortality risk. RESULTS High levels of mono-n-butyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, and 1-napthol were significantly associated with increased risk of all cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality among all participants. WQS index was associated with the risks of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.389, 95%CI: 1.155-1.669) and CVD mortality (HR = 1.925, 95%CI: 1.152-3.216). High co-exposure scores were associated with elevated all-cause (HR = 2.842, 95% CI: 1.2.094-3.858), CVD (HR = 1.855, 95% CI: 1.525-2.255), and cancer mortality risks (HR = 2.961, 95% CI: 1.468-5.972). The results of subgroup analysis, competing risk model, and sensitivity analysis were generally consistent with the findings from the main analyses, indicating the robustness of our findings. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first epidemiological evidence that co-exposure to EDC at fairly low levels contributed to elevated mortality risk among US adults. The underlying mechanisms for the effects of EDC co-exposure on human health are worthy of future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Muhong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Junan Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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8
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Di D, Zhang R, Zhou H, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhang J, Yuan T, Liu Q, Zhou T, Wang Q. Joint effects of phenol, chlorophenol pesticide, phthalate, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on bone mineral density: comparison of four statistical models. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:80001-80013. [PMID: 37289393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phenols, phthalates, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can harm the skeleton. However, data about the joint effects of these chemicals' mixture on bone health are limited. The final analysis involved 6766 participants aged over 20 years recruited from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Generalized linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) were performed to investigate the association of the urinary levels of chemicals (three phenols, two chlorophenol pesticides, nine phthalates, and six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH] metabolites) with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and osteoporosis (OP) risk. Generalized linear regression identified that benzophenone-3, 2,4-dichlorophenol, mono-n-butyl phthalate, 1-napthol, 3-fluorene, 2-fluorene, and 1-phenanthrene were significantly associated with lower BMD and increased OP risk. The WQS index was negatively associated with total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine vertebra 1 (L1) BMD among all the participants, with corresponding β (95% confidence interval) values of -0.028 g/cm2 (-0.040, -0.017), -0.015 g/cm2 (-0.025, -0.004), and -0.018 g/cm2 (-0.033, -0.003). In the BKMR analysis, the overall effect of the mixture was significantly associated with femoral neck BMD among males and OP risk among females. The qgcomp model found a significant association between co-exposure and L1 BMD among all the participants and among males. Our study presents compelling epidemiological evidence that co-exposure to phenols, chlorophenol pesticides, phthalates, and PAHs is associated with reduced BMD and elevated OP risk. It provides epidemiologic evidence for the detrimental effects of these chemicals on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Muhong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Zhang R, Ni Z, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhou H, Di D, Wang Q. Composite dietary antioxidant intake and osteoporosis likelihood in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a population-based study in the United States. Menopause 2023; 30:529-538. [PMID: 36944153 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, reduced bone strength, and increased fracture risk. We aimed to investigate the association between combined dietary antioxidant intake and the likelihood of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS Nutrient intake data were obtained using two 24-hour recalls. Composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), which refers to the intake amounts of β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, copper, and iron, was then constructed. Prevalent osteoporosis was defined according to bone mineral density T scores of ≤ -2.5 and self-reports. Multiple logistic and Poisson regression models were used for association analyses. RESULTS A total of 3,418 participants (1,157 premenopausal and 2,261 postmenopausal women) 40 years or older were included, 776 (22.70%) of whom had prevalent osteoporosis. In terms of individual nutrients, postmenopausal women in the highest CDAI quartiles for dietary β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron intakes had a low likelihood of osteoporosis. Regarding the CDAI-osteoporosis association, postmenopausal women in the highest quartile were less likely to have osteoporosis (OR Q3 vs Q1 , 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.96; OR Q4 vs Q1 , 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.89; P for trend = 0.013), after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS CDAI was negatively associated with the likelihood of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Our findings suggest that the combined intake of antioxidant nutrients can help reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zemin Ni
- Women and Children Medical Center for Jiang-an District, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhong Wei
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Zhang R, Huang Q, Su G, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhou H, Song W, Di D, Liu J, Wang Q. Association between multiple vitamins and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional and population-based study in the NHANES from 2005 to 2006. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:113. [PMID: 36765290 PMCID: PMC9912521 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) alterations in response to multivitamin exposure were rarely studied. Our study assessed the association of coexposure to six types of vitamins (i.e., vitamins B12, B9, C, D, A and E) with BMD measurements in adults in the US. METHODS Data were collected from participants aged ≥ 20 years (n = 2757) in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2005 to 2006. Multiple linear regression, restricted cubic splines, principal component analysis (PCA) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS The circulating levels of vitamins B12 and C were positively associated with BMDs, and an inverted L-shaped exposure relationship was observed between serum vitamin C and BMDs. PCA identified two principal components: one for 'water-soluble vitamins', including vitamins B12, B9 and C, and one for 'fat-soluble vitamins', including vitamins A, D and E. The former was positively associated with total femur (β = 0.009, 95%CI: 0.004, 0.015) and femoral neck (β = 0.007, 95%CI: 0.002, 0.013) BMDs, and the latter was negatively associated with BMDs with non-statistical significance. The WQS index constructed for the six vitamins was significantly related to total femur (β = 0.010, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.018) and femoral neck (β = 0.008, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.015) BMDs, and vitamins B12 and C weighted the most. The WQS index was inversely related to BMDs with non-statistical significance, and vitamins E and A weighted the most. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested a positive association between water-soluble vitamin coexposure and BMD, and the association was mainly driven by vitamins B12 and C. Negative association between fat-soluble vitamin coexposure and BMD was indicated, mainly driven by vitamins E and A. An inverted L-shaped exposure relationship was found between vitamin C and BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qin Huang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Guanhua Su
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Muhong Wei
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuan Cui
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Wenjing Song
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Junan Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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11
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Wang H, Gan M, Wu B, Zeng R, Wang Z, Xu J, Li J, Zhang Y, Cao J, Chen L, Di D, Peng S, Lei J, Zhao Y, Song X, Yuan T, Zhou T, Liu Q, Yi J, Wang X, Cai H, Lei Y, Wen Y, Li W, Chen Q, Wang Y, Long P, Yuan Y, Wang C, Pan A, Wang Q, Gong R, Fan X, Wu T, Liu L. Humoral and cellular immunity of two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese children: A prospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28380. [PMID: 36478357 PMCID: PMC9877748 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Children are the high-risk group for COVID-19, and in need of vaccination. However, humoral and cellular immune responses of COVID-19 vaccine remain unclear in vaccinated children. To establish the rational immunization strategy of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine for children, the immunogenicity of either one dose or two doses of the vaccine in children was evaluated. A prospective cohort study of 322 children receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was established in China. The baseline was conducted after 28 days of the first dose, and the follow-up was conducted after 28 days of the second dose. The median titers of receptor binding domain (RBD)-IgG, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) against prototype strain and Omicron variant after the second dose increased significantly compared to those after the first dose (first dose: 70.0, [interquartile range, 30.0-151.0] vs. second dose: 1261.0 [636.0-2060.0] for RBD-IgG; 2.5 [2.5-18.6] vs. 252.0 [138.6-462.1] for NAb against prototype strain; 2.5 [2.5-2.5] vs. 15.0 [7.8-26.5] for NAb against Omicron variant, all p < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that the first dose elicited SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular immunity, while the second dose strengthened SARS-CoV-2 specific IL-2+ or TNF-α+ monofunctional, IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ bifunctional, and IFN-γ- IL-2+ TNF-α+ multifunctional CD4+ T cell responses (p < 0.05). Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 specific memory T cells were generated after the first vaccination, including the central memory T cells and effector memory T cells. The present findings provide scientific evidence for the vaccination strategy of the inactive vaccines among children against COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengze Gan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bihao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jun Xu
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yandi Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinge Cao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Li Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Dongsheng Di
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Jinfeng Lei
- Qichun Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuanggangChina
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuemei Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yanshou Lei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuying Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wenhui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qinlin Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - An Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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12
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Wei M, Huang Q, Dai Y, Zhou H, Cui Y, Song W, Di D, Zhang R, Li C, Wang Q, Jing T. Manganese, iron, copper, and selenium co-exposure and osteoporosis risk in Chinese adults. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126989. [PMID: 35512597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous experimental studies demonstrated that either deficient or excessive trace elements, such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and selenium (Se), are detrimental to bone health. Epidemiologic evidence for the effect of the four trace elements on osteoporosis (OP) risk remains inadequate. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine their associations with the OP risk among Chinese adults. METHODS Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Se were measured in plasma using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer among 627 Chinese adults aged ≥ 50 years. Individual effect of the four elements on OP risk was analyzed by logistic regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models. The latter model was also adopted to examine the exposure-response relationships and joint effects of the four elements on OP risk. RESULTS The median Mn, Fe, Cu, and Se levels were 4.78, 1026.63, 904.55, and 105.39 μg/L, respectively, in all participants. Inverse associations of Fe and Se levels with OP risk were observed in the logistic regression model. BKMR analysis revealed a U-shape pattern for the Fe-OP association, and a reduced OP risk in response to co-exposure of the four elements above the 50th percentiles but an elevated one in response to that below the 50th percentiles. Sex discrepancy existed in the findings. No interactions were found for the four elements affecting OP risk. CONCLUSIONS Co-exposure to Mn, Fe, Cu, and Se was associated with improved bone density, where Fe contributed most to the beneficial effect. Further studies are needed to verify these findings and explore the underlying biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Can Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Tao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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13
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Georges F, Rashad MNH, Stefanko A, Dlamini M, Karki B, Ali SF, Lin PJ, Ko HS, Israel N, Adikaram D, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Aljawrneh B, Allada K, Allison S, Alsalmi S, Androic D, Aniol K, Annand J, Atac H, Averett T, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Bai X, Bane J, Barcus S, Bartlett K, Bellini V, Beminiwattha R, Bericic J, Biswas D, Brash E, Bulumulla D, Campbell J, Camsonne A, Carmignotto M, Castellano J, Chen C, Chen JP, Chetry T, Christy ME, Cisbani E, Clary B, Cohen E, Compton N, Cornejo JC, Covrig Dusa S, Crowe B, Danagoulian S, Danley T, De Persio F, Deconinck W, Defurne M, Desnault C, Di D, Duer M, Duran B, Ent R, Fanelli C, Franklin G, Fuchey E, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gautam T, Glamazdin O, Gnanvo K, Gray VM, Gu C, Hague T, Hamad G, Hamilton D, Hamilton K, Hansen O, Hauenstein F, Henry W, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom T, Horn T, Huang Y, Huber GM, Hyde CE, Ibrahim H, Jen CM, Jin K, Jones M, Kabir A, Keppel C, Khachatryan V, King PM, Li S, Li WB, Liu J, Liu H, Liyanage A, Magee J, Malace S, Mammei J, Markowitz P, McClellan E, Mazouz M, Meddi F, Meekins D, Mesik K, Michaels R, Mkrtchyan A, Montgomery R, Muñoz Camacho C, Myers LS, Nadel-Turonski P, Nazeer SJ, Nelyubin V, Nguyen D, Nuruzzaman N, Nycz M, Obretch OF, Ou L, Palatchi C, Pandey B, Park S, Park K, Peng C, Pomatsalyuk R, Pooser E, Puckett AJR, Punjabi V, Quinn B, Rahman S, Reimer PE, Roche J, Sapkota I, Sarty A, Sawatzky B, Saylor NH, Schmookler B, Shabestari MH, Shahinyan A, Sirca S, Smith GR, Sooriyaarachchilage S, Sparveris N, Spies R, Su T, Subedi A, Sulkosky V, Sun A, Thorne L, Tian Y, Ton N, Tortorici F, Trotta R, Urciuoli GM, Voutier E, Waidyawansa B, Wang Y, Wojtsekhowski B, Wood S, Yan X, Ye L, Ye Z, Yero C, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhu P. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Cross Section at High Bjorken x_{B}. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:252002. [PMID: 35802440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.252002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report high-precision measurements of the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable x_{B}. DVCS is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton form factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of x_{B}, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. In particular, the high accuracy of the present data demonstrates sensitivity to some very poorly known CFFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Georges
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Stefanko
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M Dlamini
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - B Karki
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S F Ali
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - P-J Lin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H-S Ko
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - N Israel
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D Adikaram
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA
| | - B Aljawrneh
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - K Allada
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Allison
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Alsalmi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - D Androic
- University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - T Averett
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - C Ayerbe Gayoso
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - X Bai
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Bane
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Barcus
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - K Bartlett
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - V Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Dipartimento di Fisica delle Università degli di Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J Bericic
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Biswas
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - E Brash
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J Campbell
- Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Carmignotto
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - J Castellano
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - C Chen
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Chetry
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - E Cisbani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B Clary
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - E Cohen
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel
| | - N Compton
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Crowe
- North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - S Danagoulian
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - T Danley
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - F De Persio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - W Deconinck
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - M Defurne
- CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Desnault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Di
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Duer
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel
| | - B Duran
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Fanelli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Franklin
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C Gal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Gautam
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - K Gnanvo
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - V M Gray
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - C Gu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - T Hague
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - G Hamad
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - W Henry
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - D W Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Holmstrom
- Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia 23901, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Huang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - C E Hyde
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - H Ibrahim
- Cairo University, Cairo 121613, Egypt
| | - C-M Jen
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 234061, USA
| | - K Jin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Kabir
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Khachatryan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S Li
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - W B Li
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - J Liu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Liu
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Liyanage
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - J Magee
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Malace
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - E McClellan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Mazouz
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - F Meddi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Mesik
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Mkrtchyan
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - R Montgomery
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Muñoz Camacho
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L S Myers
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S J Nazeer
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - N Nuruzzaman
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - M Nycz
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - O F Obretch
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - L Ou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Palatchi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Pandey
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - S Park
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
| | - K Park
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - C Peng
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Pomatsalyuk
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - E Pooser
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A J R Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - B Quinn
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Rahman
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - I Sapkota
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - A Sarty
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N H Saylor
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - B Schmookler
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M H Shabestari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- AANL, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Sirca
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Spies
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - T Su
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - A Subedi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Sun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - L Thorne
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Y Tian
- Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - N Ton
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - F Tortorici
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Dipartimento di Fisica delle Università degli di Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R Trotta
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - G M Urciuoli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Voutier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B Waidyawansa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Wang
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - X Yan
- Huangshan University, Tunxi, Daizhen Road 245041, China
| | - L Ye
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Z Ye
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - C Yero
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Zhang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
| | - P Zhu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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14
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Christy ME, Gautam T, Ou L, Schmookler B, Wang Y, Adikaram D, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Ali SF, Aljawrneh B, Allada K, Allison SL, Alsalmi S, Androic D, Aniol K, Annand J, Arrington J, Atac H, Averett T, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Bai X, Bane J, Barcus S, Bartlett K, Bellini V, Beminiwattha R, Bericic J, Bhatt H, Bhetuwal D, Biswas D, Brash E, Bulumulla D, Camacho CM, Campbell J, Camsonne A, Carmignotto M, Castellanos J, Chen C, Chen JP, Chetry T, Cisbani E, Clary B, Cohen E, Compton N, Cornejo JC, Covrig Dusa S, Crowe B, Danagoulian S, Danley T, Deconinck W, Defurne M, Desnault C, Di D, Dlamini M, Duer M, Duran B, Ent R, Fanelli C, Fuchey E, Gal C, Gaskell D, Georges F, Gilad S, Glamazdin O, Gnanvo K, Gramolin AV, Gray VM, Gu C, Habarakada A, Hague T, Hamad G, Hamilton D, Hamilton K, Hansen O, Hauenstein F, Hernandez AV, Henry W, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom T, Horn T, Huang Y, Huber GM, Hyde C, Ibrahim H, Israel N, Jen CM, Jin K, Jones M, Kabir A, Karki B, Keppel C, Khachatryan V, King PM, Li S, Li W, Liu H, Liu J, Liyanage AH, Mack D, Magee J, Malace S, Mammei J, Markowitz P, Mayilyan S, McClellan E, Meddi F, Meekins D, Mesick K, Michaels R, Mkrtchyan A, Moffit B, Montgomery R, Myers LS, Nadel-Turonski P, Nazeer SJ, Nelyubin V, Nguyen D, Nuruzzaman N, Nycz M, Obrecht RF, Ohanyan K, Palatchi C, Pandey B, Park K, Park S, Peng C, Persio FD, Pomatsalyuk R, Pooser E, Puckett AJR, Punjabi V, Quinn B, Rahman S, Rashad MNH, Reimer PE, Riordan S, Roche J, Sapkota I, Sarty A, Sawatzky B, Saylor NH, Shabestari MH, Shahinyan A, Širca S, Smith GR, Sooriyaarachchilage S, Sparveris N, Spies R, Stefanko A, Su T, Subedi A, Sulkosky V, Sun A, Tan Y, Thorne L, Ton N, Tortorici F, Trotta R, Uniyal R, Urciuoli GM, Voutier E, Waidyawansa B, Wojtsekhowski B, Wood S, Yan X, Ye L, Ye ZH, Yero C, Zhang J, Zhao YX, Zhu P. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:102002. [PMID: 35333083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q^{2}) up to 15.75 (GeV/c)^{2}. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q^{2} and double the range over which a longitudinal or transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q^{2} and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8 (GeV/c)^{2} the range of Q^{2} for which a discrepancy is established at >95% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - T Gautam
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - L Ou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Schmookler
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Wang
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - D Adikaram
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A & M University, Kingsville, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S F Ali
- Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia 20064, USA
| | - B Aljawrneh
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
- Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - K Allada
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S L Allison
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Alsalmi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - D Androic
- University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Arrington
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - T Averett
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | | | - X Bai
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - J Bane
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Barcus
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - K Bartlett
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - V Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Department of Physics and Astronomy, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J Bericic
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Bhatt
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Bhetuwal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Biswas
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - E Brash
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - C M Camacho
- Institut de Physique Nucleaire, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - J Campbell
- Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Carmignotto
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - J Castellanos
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - C Chen
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Chetry
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - E Cisbani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B Clary
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - E Cohen
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 69978, Israel
| | - N Compton
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Crowe
- North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - S Danagoulian
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - T Danley
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - W Deconinck
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - M Defurne
- CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Desnault
- Institut de Physique Nucleaire, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - D Di
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - M Dlamini
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M Duer
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 69978, Israel
| | - B Duran
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Fanelli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C Gal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Georges
- Ecole Centrale Paris, 3 Rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Gilad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - K Gnanvo
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - A V Gramolin
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - V M Gray
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - C Gu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - A Habarakada
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - T Hague
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - G Hamad
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A V Hernandez
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - W Henry
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - D W Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Holmstrom
- Randolph Macon College, Ashland, Virginia 23005, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Y Huang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - C Hyde
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - H Ibrahim
- Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - N Israel
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - C-M Jen
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 234061, USA
| | - K Jin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - M Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Kabir
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - B Karki
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Khachatryan
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S Li
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - W Li
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - H Liu
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Liu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - A H Liyanage
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - D Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Magee
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Malace
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - S Mayilyan
- AANL, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E McClellan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Meddi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Mesick
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Mkrtchyan
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - B Moffit
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Montgomery
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - L S Myers
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S J Nazeer
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - D Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - N Nuruzzaman
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - M Nycz
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - R F Obrecht
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - K Ohanyan
- AANL, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - C Palatchi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - B Pandey
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - K Park
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Park
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
| | - C Peng
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F D Persio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Pomatsalyuk
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - E Pooser
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A J R Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - B Quinn
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Rahman
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - P E Reimer
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Riordan
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - I Sapkota
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - A Sarty
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N H Saylor
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - M H Shabestari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- AANL, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Širca
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Spies
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - A Stefanko
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - T Su
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - A Subedi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Sun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Y Tan
- Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan 250100, China
| | - L Thorne
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - N Ton
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - F Tortorici
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Department of Physics and Astronomy, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R Trotta
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - R Uniyal
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - G M Urciuoli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Voutier
- Institut de Physique Nucleaire, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - B Waidyawansa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - X Yan
- Huangshan University, 44 Daizhen Road, Tunxi District, Huangshan, Anhui Province, China
| | - L Ye
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Z H Ye
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
- Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - C Yero
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Zhang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 232904, USA
| | - Y X Zhao
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
| | - P Zhu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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15
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Dlamini M, Karki B, Ali SF, Lin PJ, Georges F, Ko HS, Israel N, Rashad MNH, Stefanko A, Adikaram D, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Aljawrneh B, Allada K, Allison S, Alsalmi S, Androic D, Aniol K, Annand J, Atac H, Averett T, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Bai X, Bane J, Barcus S, Bartlett K, Bellini V, Beminiwattha R, Bericic J, Biswas D, Brash E, Bulumulla D, Campbell J, Camsonne A, Carmignotto M, Castellano J, Chen C, Chen JP, Chetry T, Christy ME, Cisbani E, Clary B, Cohen E, Compton N, Cornejo JC, Covrig Dusa S, Crowe B, Danagoulian S, Danley T, De Persio F, Deconinck W, Defurne M, Desnault C, Di D, Duer M, Duran B, Ent R, Fanelli C, Franklin G, Fuchey E, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gautam T, Glamazdin O, Gnanvo K, Gray VM, Gu C, Hague T, Hamad G, Hamilton D, Hamilton K, Hansen O, Hauenstein F, Henry W, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom T, Horn T, Huang Y, Huber GM, Hyde C, Ibrahim H, Jen CM, Jin K, Jones M, Kabir A, Keppel C, Khachatryan V, King PM, Li S, Li W, Liu J, Liu H, Liyanage A, Magee J, Malace S, Mammei J, Markowitz P, McClellan E, Meddi F, Meekins D, Mesik K, Michaels R, Mkrtchyan A, Montgomery R, Muñoz Camacho C, Myers LS, Nadel-Turonski P, Nazeer SJ, Nelyubin V, Nguyen D, Nuruzzaman N, Nycz M, Obretch OF, Ou L, Palatchi C, Pandey B, Park S, Park K, Peng C, Pomatsalyuk R, Pooser E, Puckett AJR, Punjabi V, Quinn B, Rahman S, Reimer PE, Roche J, Sapkota I, Sarty A, Sawatzky B, Saylor NH, Schmookler B, Shabestari MH, Shahinyan A, Sirca S, Smith GR, Sooriyaarachchilage S, Sparveris N, Spies R, Su T, Subedi A, Sulkosky V, Sun A, Thorne L, Tian Y, Ton N, Tortorici F, Trotta R, Urciuoli GM, Voutier E, Waidyawansa B, Wang Y, Wojtsekhowski B, Wood S, Yan X, Ye L, Ye Z, Yero C, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhu P. Deep Exclusive Electroproduction of π^{0} at High Q^{2} in the Quark Valence Regime. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:152301. [PMID: 34678020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.152301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of x_{B} (0.36, 0.48, and 0.60) and Q^{2} (3.1 to 8.4 GeV^{2}) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions dσ_{T}/dt+εdσ_{L}/dt, dσ_{TT}/dt, dσ_{LT}/dt, and dσ_{LT^{'}}/dt are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer t-t_{min}. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity generalized parton distributions coupled to a helicity flip distribution amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dlamini
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - B Karki
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S F Ali
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - P-J Lin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Georges
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H-S Ko
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - N Israel
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Stefanko
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - D Adikaram
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA
| | - B Aljawrneh
- North Carolina Ag. and Tech. State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - K Allada
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Allison
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Alsalmi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - D Androic
- University of Zagreb, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J Annand
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - T Averett
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - C Ayerbe Gayoso
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - X Bai
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Bane
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Barcus
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - K Bartlett
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - V Bellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Dipt. Di Fisica delle Uni. di Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J Bericic
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Biswas
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - E Brash
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J Campbell
- Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Carmignotto
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - J Castellano
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - C Chen
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Chetry
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - E Cisbani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - B Clary
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - E Cohen
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 699780 1, Israel
| | - N Compton
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Crowe
- North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - S Danagoulian
- North Carolina Ag. and Tech. State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - T Danley
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - F De Persio
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - W Deconinck
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - M Defurne
- CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Desnault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Di
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Duer
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 699780 1, Israel
| | - B Duran
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Fanelli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Franklin
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C Gal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Gautam
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - K Gnanvo
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - V M Gray
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - C Gu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - T Hague
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - G Hamad
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - K Hamilton
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - W Henry
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - D W Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Holmstrom
- Randolph Macon College, Ashlan, Virginia 23005, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Huang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - C Hyde
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - H Ibrahim
- Cairo University, Cairo 121613, Egypt
| | - C-M Jen
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 234061, USA
| | - K Jin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Kabir
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Khachatryan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - S Li
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - W Li
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2 Canada
| | - J Liu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Liu
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Liyanage
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - J Magee
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Malace
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - E McClellan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Meddi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Mesik
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Mkrtchyan
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - R Montgomery
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Muñoz Camacho
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L S Myers
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S J Nazeer
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - N Nuruzzaman
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - M Nycz
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - O F Obretch
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - L Ou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Palatchi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Pandey
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - S Park
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
| | - K Park
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - C Peng
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Pomatsalyuk
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - E Pooser
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A J R Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - B Quinn
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Rahman
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - I Sapkota
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - A Sarty
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N H Saylor
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - B Schmookler
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M H Shabestari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- AANL, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S Sirca
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Spies
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - T Su
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - A Subedi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Sun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - L Thorne
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Y Tian
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - N Ton
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - F Tortorici
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Dipt. Di Fisica delle Uni. di Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R Trotta
- Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - G M Urciuoli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 2-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Voutier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B Waidyawansa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Wang
- The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - X Yan
- Huangshan University, Huangshan, Anhui, 245041, China
| | - L Ye
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Z Ye
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - C Yero
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Zhang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Stony Brook, State University of New York, New York 11794, USA
| | - P Zhu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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16
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Di D, Ye Q, Wu X, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu R, Huang Q, Ni J, Leng R. Polymorphisms of BLK are associated with renal disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:675-681. [PMID: 32313195 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies are inconclusive on the relationships between BLK gene polymorphisms and clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present study aimed to estimate association between BLK loci and SLE clinical features in Chinese population. Associations between BLK single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to SLE in this study were estimated using data of 1205 health controls previously reported in the same population. And a total of 814 SLE patients recruited from two different sources according with ACR criteria were analyzed for genotype-phenotype associations. A meta-analysis was conducted of the associations between BLK loci and renal disorder in SLE. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data were also extracted from the public databases for the selected SNPs. Significant associations were observed between these SNPs and susceptibility to SLE. In addition, the data showed that rs2618479 and rs7812879 were associated with renal disorder [OR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.99) and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.21, 2.14), Pcorr = 0.033 and 0.011, respectively] and proteinuria [OR = 1.47 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.95) and 1.52 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.03), Pcorr = 0.048 and 0.040, respectively]. The consistent associations were observed in two independent centers as well as new cases group. The result of meta-analysis for rs2618479 was also significant [OR = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.62)]. In addition, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that the two SNPs were significantly associated with the expression of BLK in whole blood and several immune cells. Our data support that variant loci of BLK are associated with presence of renal disorder in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianling Ye
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xufan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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17
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Li S, Di D, Wu X, Zhang L, Liu R, Huang Q, Pan H, Ye D, Leng R. Association study between X-linked susceptibility genes and clinical features in Chinese female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2019; 52:289-293. [PMID: 31707854 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1688792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent large-scale genetic association studies have identified that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on X chromosome are correlated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to estimate association between these loci and clinical features in female patients with SLE. Six SNPs identified in previous studies were genotyped. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated with adjusting for potential confounding factors. A total of 772 SLE patients were included in the final analysis. The data showed that 3 SNPs (rs5914778, rs3853839 and rs1059702) were marginally associated with several clinical subphenotypes. Furthermore, consistent associations were also found in two independent cohorts. However, the cumulative genetic risk score (GRS) was not associated with clinical manifestations as well as the disease activity index at disease diagnosis. In summary, genetic variants in X-linked genes may be potentially associated with presence of specific clinical feature. Further studies in distinct ethnical populations are required to clarify the association between these loci and presence of SLE clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Department of Medical Services, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruixue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
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18
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Di D, Zhang L, Wu X, Leng R. Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and the risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 50:266-275. [PMID: 31761290 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Air pollution ranks high among risk factors for the global burden of disease. The associations of air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analyses has analyzed the association between outdoor air pollution and the development of RA. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of science (last search, May 21, 2019) were searched. A meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model, and summarized syntheses effects were expressed as relative risks (RRs). RESULTS Eight studies were identified from among 1296 articles. The pooled RR for the association between ozone (O3) exposure and RA was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.18). The pooled RR for the association of RA risk with proximity to traffic road was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.62) for residence ≤ 50 m from a traffic road compared with residence more far away. In contrast, there was an inverse effect between PM2.5 exposure and incident RA, and similar result of PM10 was found by subgroup analysis in seropositive RA. In addition, there was no clear evidence between exposing to PM10, CO, NO2 and NO2 (tenth year prior) and RA risk. CONCLUSION Existing evidence indicated significant associations between some markers (ozone, proximity to traffic road and PM2.5) of air pollution and RA. For generalizability of evidence, that research should be extended to developing countries where air pollution (including indoor) is high may provide more complete insight into risk factors for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ruixue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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19
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Xiong W, Gasparian A, Gao H, Dutta D, Khandaker M, Liyanage N, Pasyuk E, Peng C, Bai X, Ye L, Gnanvo K, Gu C, Levillain M, Yan X, Higinbotham DW, Meziane M, Ye Z, Adhikari K, Aljawrneh B, Bhatt H, Bhetuwal D, Brock J, Burkert V, Carlin C, Deur A, Di D, Dunne J, Ekanayaka P, El-Fassi L, Emmich B, Gan L, Glamazdin O, Kabir ML, Karki A, Keith C, Kowalski S, Lagerquist V, Larin I, Liu T, Liyanage A, Maxwell J, Meekins D, Nazeer SJ, Nelyubin V, Nguyen H, Pedroni R, Perdrisat C, Pierce J, Punjabi V, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Silwal R, Stepanyan S, Subedi A, Tarasov VV, Ton N, Zhang Y, Zhao ZW. A small proton charge radius from an electron-proton scattering experiment. Nature 2019; 575:147-150. [PMID: 31695211 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Elastic electron-proton scattering (e-p) and the spectroscopy of hydrogen atoms are the two methods traditionally used to determine the proton charge radius, rp. In 2010, a new method using muonic hydrogen atoms1 found a substantial discrepancy compared with previous results2, which became known as the 'proton radius puzzle'. Despite experimental and theoretical efforts, the puzzle remains unresolved. In fact, there is a discrepancy between the two most recent spectroscopic measurements conducted on ordinary hydrogen3,4. Here we report on the proton charge radius experiment at Jefferson Laboratory (PRad), a high-precision e-p experiment that was established after the discrepancy was identified. We used a magnetic-spectrometer-free method along with a windowless hydrogen gas target, which overcame several limitations of previous e-p experiments and enabled measurements at very small forward-scattering angles. Our result, rp = 0.831 ± 0.007stat ± 0.012syst femtometres, is smaller than the most recent high-precision e-p measurement5 and 2.7 standard deviations smaller than the average of all e-p experimental results6. The smaller rp we have now measured supports the value found by two previous muonic hydrogen experiments1,7. In addition, our finding agrees with the revised value (announced in 2019) for the Rydberg constant8-one of the most accurately evaluated fundamental constants in physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xiong
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Gasparian
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - H Gao
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| | | | - N Liyanage
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - E Pasyuk
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - C Peng
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - X Bai
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - L Ye
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - K Gnanvo
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - C Gu
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Levillain
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - X Yan
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D W Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - M Meziane
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Z Ye
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - K Adhikari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - B Aljawrneh
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - H Bhatt
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - D Bhetuwal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - J Brock
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - V Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - C Carlin
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - D Di
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Dunne
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - P Ekanayaka
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - L El-Fassi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - B Emmich
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - L Gan
- University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - M L Kabir
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - A Karki
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - C Keith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - S Kowalski
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - I Larin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.,University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - T Liu
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - J Maxwell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | | | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - H Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Pedroni
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - C Perdrisat
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - J Pierce
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - M Shabestari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - R Silwal
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - A Subedi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - V V Tarasov
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - N Ton
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Z W Zhao
- Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Di D, Yuan H, Zhang L, Wu X, Pan H, Ye D, Leng R. X chromosome and female bias in systemic lupus erythematosus: Focus on population-based evidence. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 18:109-111. [PMID: 30408589 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Di
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China; Clinic Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Ruixue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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21
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Zhang C, Ding R, Xiao C, Xu Y, Cheng H, Zhu F, Lei R, Di D, Zhao Q, Cao J. Association between air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Hefei, China: A time-series analysis. Environ Pollut 2017; 229:790-797. [PMID: 28797522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, air pollution has become an alarming problem in China. However, evidence on the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality is still not conclusive to date. This research aimed to assess the short-term effects of air pollution on cardiovascular morbidity in Hefei, China. Data of air pollution, cardiovascular mortality, and meteorological characteristics in Hefei between 2010 and 2015 were collected. Time-series analysis in generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the association between air pollution and daily cardiovascular mortality. During the study period, the annual average concentration of PM10, SO2, and NO2 was 105.91, 20.58, and 30.93 μg/m3, respectively. 21,816 people (including 11,876 man, and 14,494 people over 75 years of age) died of cardiovascular diseases. In single pollutant model, the effects of multi-day exposure were greater than single-day exposure of the air pollution. For every increase of 10 μg/m3 in SO2, NO2, and PM10 levels, CVD mortality increased by 5.26% (95%CI: 3.31%-7.23%), 2.71% (95%CI: 1.23%-4.22%), and 0.68% (95%CI: 0.33%-1.04%) at a lag03, respectively. The multi-pollutant models showed that PM10 and SO2 remained associated with CVD mortality, although the effect estimates attenuated. However, the effect of NO2 on CVD mortality decreased to statistically insignificant. Subgroup analyses further showed that women were more vulnerable than man upon air pollution exposure. These findings showed that air pollution could significantly increase the CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Hefei Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yachun Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ruoqian Lei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Heath, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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22
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Jiang W, Johnson C, Simecek N, López-Álvarez MR, Di D, Trowsdale J, Traherne JA. qKAT: a high-throughput qPCR method for KIR gene copy number and haplotype determination. Genome Med 2016; 8:99. [PMID: 27686127 PMCID: PMC5041586 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), expressed on natural killer cells and T cells, have considerable biomedical relevance playing significant roles in immunity, pregnancy and transplantation. The KIR locus is one of the most complex and polymorphic regions of the human genome. Extensive sequence homology and copy number variation makes KIRs technically laborious and expensive to type. To aid the investigation of KIRs in human disease we developed a high-throughput, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction method to determine gene copy number for each KIR locus. We used reference DNA samples to validate the accuracy and a cohort of 1698 individuals to evaluate capability for precise copy number discrimination. The method provides improved information and identifies KIR haplotype alterations that were not previously visible using other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jiang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - C Johnson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - N Simecek
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - M R López-Álvarez
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - D Di
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - J Trowsdale
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - J A Traherne
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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23
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Wang CG, Wu XZ, Di D, Dong PT, Xiao R, Wang SQ. Orientation-dependent nanostructure arrays based on anisotropic silicon wet-etching for repeatable surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Nanoscale 2016; 8:4672-4680. [PMID: 26853057 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Repeatable fabrication of sensitive plasmonic substrates through a simple procedure has become a major challenge for SERS-based sensing and imaging. Herein, a new class of high-performance SERS substrates, including pyramid, ridged-hexagon, and quasi-triangle nanostructures, is successfully fabricated based on the nanosphere lithography technique and anisotropic wet etching. Using the wafer-scale Cr-hole array as the etching mask, cavity-templates of various configurations are fabricated by the orientation-dependent wet etching technique, from where the nanostructure arrays are finally peeled-off. The anisotropic wet etching on (100), (110), and (111) silicon wafers has been systematically studied at the nanoscale revealing the formation mechanism of these cavity-templates. The peeled-off nanostructure arrays provide high-density tips and/or gaps (about 2.5 × 10(7) mm(-2)) and thus facilitate the generation of "hot spots". The distribution of the electromagnetic field is visualized by the finite difference time domain calculation. And the calculation results are validated by SERS characterization. The SERS enhancement factors of these substrates are in the order of 10(6)-10(7), with the maximum enhancement factor of 1.32 × 10(7) yielded by the ridged-hexagon arrays. The proposed nanostructure arrays present excellent homogeneity and reproducibility (with the largest relative standard deviation of 16.43%) for the reason that the SERS-active substrates are peeled-off from an identical template. The cost-effective fabrication, high sensitivity, good homogeneity and well-performed reproducibility demonstrate that these orientation-dependent NSs are good candidates for SERS-based in vitro and in situ detection and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Wang
- College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410073, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - X Z Wu
- College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410073, P. R. China.
| | - D Di
- College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410073, P. R. China. and Dingyuan Automotive Proving Ground, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210028, P.R. China
| | - P T Dong
- College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410073, P. R. China.
| | - R Xiao
- Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
| | - S Q Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Molecular Diagnosis Technologies for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P. R. China.
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24
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Riccio ME, Buhler S, Nunes JM, Vangenot C, Cuénod M, Currat M, Di D, Andreani M, Boldyreva M, Chambers G, Chernova M, Chiaroni J, Darke C, Di Cristofaro J, Dubois V, Dunn P, Edinur HA, Elamin N, Eliaou JF, Grubic Z, Jaatinen T, Kanga U, Kervaire B, Kolesar L, Kunachiwa W, Lokki ML, Mehra N, Nicoloso G, Paakkanen R, Voniatis DP, Papasteriades C, Poli F, Richard L, Romón Alonso I, Slavčev A, Sulcebe G, Suslova T, Testi M, Tiercy JM, Varnavidou A, Vidan-Jeras B, Wennerström A, Sanchez-Mazas A. 16(th) IHIW: analysis of HLA population data, with updated results for 1996 to 2012 workshop data (AHPD project report). Int J Immunogenet 2012; 40:21-30. [PMID: 23280239 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present here the results of the Analysis of HLA Population Data (AHPD) project of the 16th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop (16IHIW) held in Liverpool in May-June 2012. Thanks to the collaboration of 25 laboratories from 18 different countries, HLA genotypic data for 59 new population samples (either well-defined populations or donor registry samples) were gathered and 55 were analysed statistically following HLA-NET recommendations. The new data included, among others, large sets of well-defined populations from north-east Europe and West Asia, as well as many donor registry data from European countries. The Gene[rate] computer tools were combined to create a Gene[rate] computer pipeline to automatically (i) estimate allele frequencies by an expectation-maximization algorithm accommodating ambiguities, (ii) estimate heterozygosity, (iii) test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), (iv) test for selective neutrality, (v) generate frequency graphs and summary statistics for each sample at each locus and (vi) plot multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses comparing the new samples with previous IHIW data. Intrapopulation analyses show that HWE is rarely rejected, while neutrality tests often indicate a significant excess of heterozygotes compared with neutral expectations. The comparison of the 16IHIW AHPD data with data collected during previous workshops (12th-15th) shows that geography is an excellent predictor of HLA genetic differentiations for HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 loci but not for HLA-DQ, whose patterns are probably more influenced by natural selection. In Europe, HLA genetic variation clearly follows a north to south-east axis despite a low level of differentiation between European, North African and West Asian populations. Pacific populations are genetically close to Austronesian-speaking South-East Asian and Taiwanese populations, in agreement with current theories on the peopling of Oceania. Thanks to this project, HLA genetic variation is more clearly defined worldwide and better interpreted in relation to human peopling history and HLA molecular evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Riccio
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling history (AGP lab), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Bi B, Xiao X, Zhang H, Gao J, Tao M, Niu H, Wang Y, Wang Q, Chen C, Sun N, Li K, Fu J, Gan Z, Sang W, Zhang G, Yang L, Tian T, Li Q, Yang Q, Sun L, Li Y, Rong H, Guan C, Zhao X, Ye D, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Li H, He K, Chen J, Cai Y, Zhou C, Luo Y, Wang S, Gao S, Liu J, Guo L, Guan J, Kang Z, Di D, Li Y, Shi S, Li Y, Chen Y, Flint J, Kendler K, Liu Y. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of women with recurrent major depression with and without suicidal symptomatology. Psychol Med 2012; 42:2591-2598. [PMID: 22716960 PMCID: PMC3488812 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171200058x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between recurrent major depression (MD) in women and suicidality is complex. We investigated the extent to which patients who suffered with various forms of suicidal symptomatology can be distinguished from those subjects without such symptoms. METHOD We examined the clinical features of the worst episode in 1970 Han Chinese women with recurrent DSM-IV MD between the ages of 30 and 60 years from across China. Student's t tests, and logistic and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the association between suicidality and other clinical features of MD. RESULTS Suicidal symptomatology is significantly associated with a more severe form of MD, as indexed by both the number of episodes and number of MD symptoms. Patients reporting suicidal thoughts, plans or attempts experienced a significantly greater number of stressful life events. The depressive symptom most strongly associated with lifetime suicide attempt was feelings of worthlessness (odds ratio 4.25, 95% confidence interval 2.9-6.3). Excessive guilt, diminished concentration and impaired decision-making were also significantly associated with a suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to the existing literature on risk factors for suicidal symptomatology in depressed women. Identifying specific depressive symptoms and co-morbid psychiatric disorders may help improve the clinical assessment of suicide risk in depressed patients. These findings could be helpful in identifying those who need more intense treatment strategies in order to prevent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bi
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC)
| | - X. Xiao
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC)
| | - H. Zhang
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC)
| | - J. Gao
- ZheJiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, PRC
| | - M. Tao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PRC
| | - H. Niu
- No. 1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PRC
| | - Y. Wang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shan Dong, PRC
| | - Q. Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PRC
| | - C. Chen
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaan Xi, PRC
| | - N. Sun
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, PRC
| | - K. Li
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, PRC
| | - J. Fu
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, PRC
| | - Z. Gan
- No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Guangdong, PRC
| | - W. Sang
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Hebei, PRC
| | - G. Zhang
- No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiang Su, PRC
| | - L. Yang
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Jilin, PRC
| | - T. Tian
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Q. Li
- No. 1 Mental Health Center Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - Q. Yang
- Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, PRC
| | - L. Sun
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Henan, PRC
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian No. 7 People's Hospital and Dalian Mental Health Center, Dalian, PRC
| | - H. Rong
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, PRC
| | - C. Guan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Jiang Su, PRC
| | - X. Zhao
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PRC
| | - D. Ye
- Sichuan Mental Health Center, Sichuan, PRC
| | - Y. Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Gansu Province, PRC
| | - Z. Ma
- No. 1 Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PRC
| | - H. Li
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Si Chuan, PRC
| | - K. He
- Shanghai Tongji University Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - J. Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Y. Cai
- Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - C. Zhou
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Hubei, PRC
| | - Y. Luo
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, PRC
| | - S. Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - S. Gao
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Zhejiang, PRC
| | - J. Liu
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Jiangsu, PRC
| | - L. Guo
- The Fourth Military Medical University Affiliated Xijing Hospital, Shaanxi, PRC
| | - J. Guan
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital/Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, PRC
| | - Z. Kang
- No. 4 People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Shandong, PRC
| | - D. Di
- Mental Health Institute of Jining Medical College, Shandong, PRC
| | - Yajuan Li
- Xian Mental Health Center, Xian, Shanxi, PRC
| | - S. Shi
- Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, PRC
| | - Yihan Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Y. Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, Richard Doll Building, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - K. Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Y. Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC)
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26
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Nunes JM, Riccio ME, Buhler S, Di D, Currat M, Ries F, Almada AJ, Benhamamouch S, Benitez O, Canossi A, Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Fischer G, Kervaire B, Loiseau P, de Oliveira DCM, Papasteriades C, Piancatelli D, Rahal M, Richard L, Romero M, Rousseau J, Spiroski M, Sulcebe G, Middleton D, Tiercy JM, Sanchez-Mazas A. Analysis of the HLA population data (AHPD) submitted to the 15th International Histocompatibility/Immunogenetics Workshop by using the Gene[rate] computer tools accommodating ambiguous data (AHPD project report). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:18-30. [PMID: 20331842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During the 15th International Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Workshop (IHIWS), 14 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) laboratories participated in the Analysis of HLA Population Data (AHPD) project where 18 new population samples were analyzed statistically and compared with data available from previous workshops. To that aim, an original methodology was developed and used (i) to estimate frequencies by taking into account ambiguous genotypic data, (ii) to test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) by using a nested likelihood ratio test involving a parameter accounting for HWE deviations, (iii) to test for selective neutrality by using a resampling algorithm, and (iv) to provide explicit graphical representations including allele frequencies and basic statistics for each series of data. A total of 66 data series (1-7 loci per population) were analyzed with this standard approach. Frequency estimates were compliant with HWE in all but one population of mixed stem cell donors. Neutrality testing confirmed the observation of heterozygote excess at all HLA loci, although a significant deviation was established in only a few cases. Population comparisons showed that HLA genetic patterns were mostly shaped by geographic and/or linguistic differentiations in Africa and Europe, but not in America where both genetic drift in isolated populations and gene flow in admixed populations led to a more complex genetic structure. Overall, a fruitful collaboration between HLA typing laboratories and population geneticists allowed finding useful solutions to the problem of estimating gene frequencies and testing basic population diversity statistics on highly complex HLA data (high numbers of alleles and ambiguities), with promising applications in either anthropological, epidemiological, or transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Nunes
- Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History (AGP Lab), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
The small cryptic plasmid pMB1 (1.9 kb), previously isolated from Bifidobacterium longum, has been characterized by physical mapping. Two cloning vectors, pMR3 and pDG7, carrying chloramphenicol and ampicillin resistances derived from pJH101, have been electroporated in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matteuzzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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