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Azalim S, Camargos P, Alves AL, Senna MIB, Sakurai E, Schwabe Keller W. Exposure to environmental factors and relationship to allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Ann Agric Environ Med 2014; 21:59-63. [PMID: 24738498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Studies analyzing risk factors, multiple indoor and outdoor factors related to asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) in childhood, are very rare. The presented study was carried out to simultaneously assess host-related, indoor and particulate matter exposure with current allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or asthma in children (6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years). MATERIAL AND METHODS The method was a cross-sectional population-based study in which participants were diagnosed by means of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire. RESULTS Exposure to indoor risk factors were verified in 1,302 individuals, in which the prevalence of AR, asthma and AR-asthma comorbidity were 37.3%, 28.4%, and 16%, for children and 31.5%, 16.2%, and 10.5% for adolescents, respectively. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with current asthma (OR=1.5), second-hand smoking with AR-asthma comorbidity (OR=1.4) and visible mold on the walls with current AR, asthma, and AR-asthma comorbidity (OR=1.6). In a subgroup of 590 children, in addition to the indoor risk factors, exposure to PM10 was assessed. In this joint analysis, there was association with the same previously mentioned risk factors (p values ≤ 0.5) and a negative association to PM10 (p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSION The results suggest that avoidance of smoking during pregnancy, second-hand smoking and exposure to mould at home can contribute to reducing current AR and/or current asthma. Exposure to PM10 was not associated with the prevalence rate of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Azalim
- The State of Minas Gerais Hospital Foundation, João Penido Hospital, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Paulo Camargos
- Federal University of São João del-Rei, Health Sciences Centre, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Alves
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Medical School, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Ines B Senna
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Dentistry School, Department of Surgery, Pathology and Clinical, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Emilia Sakurai
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Exact Sciences Institute, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wilfrid Schwabe Keller
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Abstract
Simvastatin is commercially available as tablets and compounded capsules in Brazil. Very few reports regarding these capsules' quality, and consequently their efficacy, are available. The pharmaceutical quality of 30 batches of 20 mg simvastatin capsules from the market was evaluated by weight determination, content uniformity, disintegration (Brazilian Pharmacopeia), assay and dissolution test (USP32 tablet monograph). A HPLC method was developed for assay, content uniformity and dissolution test, and specifications were also established. Out of the 30 batches evaluated, 29 showed capsule disintegration within 45 min and individual weight variation was within ±10% or ±7.5% relative to average weight, for < or > 300 mg, respectively. Only 27 batches met dissolution test criteria with values >80% of the labeled amount in 45 min; 21 batches showed simvastatin content between 90.0-110.0% of the labeled amount and 19 batches had at least 9 out of 10 capsules with content uniformity values between 85.0-115.0% of the labeled amount with RSD<6.0%. Only 14 of all (30) batches fully met pharmacopeial quality standards. The establishment of test conditions and specification parameters for simvastatin capsules showed that there are relevant pharmacopeial quality differences between batches compounded by different pharmacies. For 53.33% of the tested products hypercholesterolemic treatment efficacy may be compromised.
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Sakurai E, Yamasaki S, Iizuka Y, Hikichi N, Niwa H. The Optical Resolution of Racemic Chlorpheniramine and Its Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics in Rat Plasma. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:44-7. [PMID: 1350627 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb14361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An ovomucoid-conjugated column has been developed for the chiral stationary-phase liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic chlorpheniramine with a quantitation limit of 0·05 μg mL−1. The assay was used to study the stereoselective kinetics of chlorpheniramine enantiomers in rats. After bolus intravenous administration of racemic chlorpheniramine maleate (20 mg kg−1), plasma concentration of the (–)-form was higher than that of the (+)-form. In the elimination phase, the concentrations of (+)- and (–)-chlorpheniramine in the plasma declined biexponentially with half-lives of 18·2 and 50·0 min, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in blood-to-plasma concentration ratio of both enantiomers, the apparent total blood clearance of (+)-chlorpheniramine was twice as large as that of the (–)-isomer. Binding of (–)-chlorpheniramine to rat plasma protein was stronger than that of (+)-chlorpheniramine suggesting stereoselective pharmacokinetics may be due to a difference in the plasma protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sakurai
- Department of Pharmaceutics I, Tohoku College of Pharmacy, Sendai, Japan
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Sakurai E, Yamasaki S, Iizuka Y, Hikichi N, Maeyama K, Watanabe T. Enantioselective Pharmacokinetics of α-Fluoromethylhistidine in Rats and Its Comparison with Histidine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:921-5. [PMID: 1361538 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The enantiomer-specific pharmacokinetics of histidine and its analogue, α-fluoromethylhistidine (FMH), were investigated in rats. After bolus intravenous administration of each enantiomer of histidine or FMH at a dose of 40·3 mg kg−1 as free base equivalents, the plasma concentrations of l-histidine, d-histidine, (S)-FMH and (R)-FMH decreased biexponentially with half-lives of 39·2, 20·8, 32·8 and 25·0 min, respectively, in the elimination phase. Although the concentration of l-histidine in the plasma was lower than that of d-histidine, there was no large difference in plasma concentration-time curves of the enantiomers of FMH. The apparent total clearance of l-histidine from rat plasma was about 4 times that of d-histidine or the enantiomers of FMH. l-Histidine was quickly transferred to the peripheral tissues where the concentrations also decrease biphasically. l-Histidine penetrated more rapidly into the brain than either its d-enantiomer or a compound closely related in structure such as FMH. However, the disappearance of l-histidine from the various brain regions was very rapid. In contrast, brain/plasma ratios of d-histidine and (S)-FMH increased continuously after injection of these compounds, indicating that d-histidine or (S)-FMH partitioned into the brain and was very slowly removed from the brain; (R)-FMH was not distributed to the brain. These results suggested stereoselectivity in disposition of histidine and FMH enantiomers in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sakurai
- Department of Pharmaceutics I, Tohoku College of Pharmacy, Sendai, Japan
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Sakurai E, Sakurai E, Watanabe T, Yanai K. Uptake of L-histidine and histamine biosynthesis at the blood-brain barrier. Inflamm Res 2009; 58 Suppl 1:34-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Lasmar LMLBF, Camargos PAM, Costa LF, Fonseca MTM, Fontes MJF, Ibiapina CC, Alvim CG, Moura JAR, Goulart EMA, Sakurai E. Compliance with inhaled corticosteroid treatment: rates reported by guardians and measured by the pharmacy. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2007; 83:471-6. [PMID: 17940683 DOI: 10.2223/jped.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is elevated morbidity associated with asthma, particularly in developing countries, and failure to comply with inhaled corticosteroid treatment contributes to this morbidity. The objective of this study is to compare rates of compliance with beclomethasone treatment reported by parents or guardians with those measured by pharmacy dispensing records. METHODS A concurrent cohort study of 12 months' duration was carried out, enrolling 106 asthmatic children and adolescents, selected at random. Linear regression was used to compare rates of compliance reported by parents or guardians with the pharmacy dispensing records at the service, every 4 months after enrollment on the study. RESULTS Compliance rates reported by parents and/or guardians were always higher (p < 0.001) and exhibited a weak correlation with pharmacy records during the period studied; fourth (r = 0.37) and twelfth (r = 0.31) months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The rates of compliance reported by parents were overestimated during all study periods. The compliance rates of children with asthma should also be monitored by other methods and, in this case, pharmacy records effectively revealed compliance failures. Given its low cost, this method is indicated for verification of these compliance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M L B F Lasmar
- Disciplina de Pneumologia Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Machado ACS, Guimarães EMB, Sakurai E, Fioravante FCR, Amaral WN, Alves MFC. High titers of Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies in Brazilian women with tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2007; 2007:24816. [PMID: 17541464 PMCID: PMC1874668 DOI: 10.1155/2007/24816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum chlamydia antibody titers (CATs) in tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy and the associated risk factors. METHODS The study population consisted of 55 women wih tubal damage and 55 parous women. CAT was measured using the whole-cell inclusion immunofluorescence test and cervical chlamydial DNA detected by PCR. Odds ratios were calculated to assess variables associated with C. trachomatis infection. RESULTS The prevalence of chlamydial antibodies and antibody titers in women with tubal occlusion or previous ectopic pregnancy was significantly higher (P < .01) than in parous women. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that chlamydia IgG antibodies were associated with tubal damage and with a larger number of lifetime sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS Chlamydia antibody titers were associated with tubal occlusion, prior ectopic pregnancy, and with sexual behavior, suggesting that a chlamydia infection was the major contributor to the tubal damage in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. S. Machado
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua Delenda Resende de Mello S/N, 74605-050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - E. M. B. Guimarães
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Setor Universitário, 74233-180 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - E. Sakurai
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Rua Juiz de Fora 801, 30180-060 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F. C. R. Fioravante
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua Delenda Resende de Mello S/N, 74605-050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - W. N. Amaral
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Setor Universitário, 74233-180 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - M. F. C. Alves
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua Delenda Resende de Mello S/N, 74605-050 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Nozaki M, Raisler B, Sakurai E, Sarma J, Barnum S, Lambris J, Chen Y, Zhang K, Ambati B, Baffi J, Ambati J. Drusen complement components C3a and C5a promote choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Araújo RSC, Guimarães EMB, Alves MFC, Sakurai E, Domingos LT, Fioravante FCR, Machado ACS. Prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescent females and young women in central Brazil. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:397-400. [PMID: 16767489 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescent females and young women in central Brazil, 296 subjects attending two public health services were evaluated. The overall prevalence of C. trachomatis infection, as determined using polymerase chain reaction, was 19.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.3-24.7). In multivariate analysis, young age (odds ratio [OR]adjusted 2.32, 95%CI 1.1-4.8, p<0.05) and having 2-3 (ORadjusted 3.41, 95%CI 1.6-6.3, p<0.05) or >or=4 sexual partners in life (ORadjusted 3.10, 95%CI 1.1-6.3, p<0.05) were factors significantly associated with chlamydial infection. In conclusion, the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was high in the studied population and risk factors were related to age and sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S C Araújo
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, 74233-180 Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Brazil
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Massara CL, Peixoto SV, Enk MJ, da Silva Barros H, dos Santos Carvalho O, Sakurai E, Schall V. Evaluation of an improved approach using residences of schistosomiasis-positive school children to identify carriers in an area of low endemicity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 74:495-9. [PMID: 16525112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
School children were used as indicators for the identification of schistosomiasis-positive family members in a area of low endemicity. This study was designed to improve current schistosomiasis control programs by applying this strategy to identify schistosomiasis-positive individuals in a more efficient way. The initial prevalence among school children was 8.6%. However, the prevalence among the family members of these school children increased to 15.5%. In contrast to these findings the prevalence in family members of schistosomiasis-negative school children was 3.8%. Although the applied methodology showed a relatively low sensitivity (50.0%), the high negative predictive value (87.7%) indicates that a few positive family members of school children with a negative stool result will be missed. This shows that this method of evaluation could be a strategy for a more efficient and cheaper identification of schistosomiasis-positive individuals in areas of low endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Lara Massara
- Laboratory of Intestinal Helminthiasis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Medical Anthropology, and Laboratory Health Education, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, René Rachou Research Center, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Yamashita T, Yamamoto-Ikemoto R, Sakurai E. Treatment of dye works wastewater using anaerobic-oxic biological filter reactor packed with carbon fibre and aerated with micro-bubbles. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:151-61. [PMID: 16862785 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new anaerobic-oxic biological filter reactor, which was packed with carbon fibre and aerated with micro-bubbles, was proposed. The reactor performance was examined using dye works wastewater compared with the activated sludge reactor. Effluent SS from the experimental reactor was significantly lower than that from the activated sludge reactor, and transparency was higher. Temperatures of the activated sludge reactor were over 35 degrees C and DOC removal ratios were 40-80% depending on the influent wastewater. On the other hand, the DOC removal efficiency of the experimental reactor was over 70%, when the reactor temperature was over 22 degrees C. In the anaerobic zone, sulphate reduction occurred predominantly and acetate was produced. In the oxic reactor, sulphur oxidation and organic removal occurred. When the amount of sulphate reduction in the anaerobic zone increased, DOC and colour in effluent decreased. The sulphate reducing activity of biofilm at 30 degrees C was three times higher than those at 20 degrees C. The sulphate reducing activity of biofilm in the oxic zone was higher than those in the anaerobic zone, meaning that the sulphate reduction-oxidation cycles were established in the biofilm of the oxic zone. Microbial community of sulphate reducing bacteria was examined by in situ hybridisation with 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Desulfobulbus spp. was most common sulphate reducing bacteria in the anaerobic zone. In the oxic zone, Desulfobulbus spp. and Desulfococcus spp. were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamashita
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics of idiopathic bone cavities from the Oral Pathology archives at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Forty-three cases were retrieved. Age, sex, some radiographic variables and morphological variables measured of the connective tissue, were studied. The results showed the men who developed cavities tended to be younger than women (median 16 years (range 11-48) compared with 18 (12-64)). Radiographically rounded lesions that were single, unilocular, and small were more common in younger patients. While rounded cavities occurred mainly in the anterior region, cavities with interdental scalloping occurred in the posterior area. The median age of the patients with thin connective tissue on the wall of the bony cavity was lower than that of those with a thicker lining. In conclusion, the present study shows that there is a significant relation between age and sex, radiographic and histological variables. These findings may contribute to the diagnosis of idiopathic bone cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Perdigão
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Uchiyama M, Matsuno N, Nakamura Y, Iwamoto H, Hama K, Narumi K, Kikuchi K, Kubota K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai E, Nagao T. Usefulness of preservation by machine perfusion of liver grafts from non-heart-beating donors-a porcine model. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:105-6. [PMID: 12591327 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Uchiyama
- Fifth Department of Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center of Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kozaki K, Sakurai E, Nagao T, Kozaki M. Usefulness of continuous hypothermic perfusion preservation in renal transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:2592-7. [PMID: 12431537 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kozaki
- Department of Tranplantation and Immunology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sun XM, Kuramasu A, Makabe-kobayashi Y, Sakurai E, Watanabe T, Ohtsu H. Effect of intracellular histamine on the gene expression profile in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Inflamm Res 2002; 51 Suppl 1:S11-2. [PMID: 12013388 DOI: 10.1007/pl00022424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X M Sun
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Nishino S, Fujiki N, Ripley B, Sakurai E, Kato M, Watanabe T, Mignot E, Yanai K. Decreased brain histamine content in hypocretin/orexin receptor-2 mutated narcoleptic dogs. Neurosci Lett 2001; 313:125-8. [PMID: 11682143 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence suggests that a deficiency in hypocretin/orexin neurotransmission is critically involved in animal and human forms of narcolepsy. Since hypocretin-containing neurons innervate and excite histaminergic tuberomammillary neurons, altered histaminergic neurotransmission may also be involved in narcolepsy. We found a significant decrease in histamine content in the cortex and thalamus, two structures important for histamine-mediated cortical arousal, in Hcrtr-2 mutated narcoleptic Dobermans. In contrast, dopamine and norepinephrine contents in these structures were elevated in narcoleptic animals, a finding consistent with our hypothesis of altered catecholaminergic transmission in these animals. Considering the fact that histamine promotes wakefulness, decreases in histaminergic neurotransmission may also account for the sleep abnormalities in hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nishino
- Stanford University Center for Narcolepsy, 701B, First Floor, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Son LZ, Yanai K, Mobarakeh JI, Kuramasu A, Li ZY, Sakurai E, Hashimoto Y, Watanabe T, Watanabe T. Histamine H1 receptor-mediated inhibition of potassium-evoked release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from mouse forebrains. Behav Brain Res 2001; 124:113-20. [PMID: 11640963 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The release of endogenous serotonin and dopamine from slices of mouse forebrains induced by high extracellular K(+) was examined in histamine H1 receptor knockout mice. The release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) evoked by 30 mM K(+) significantly decreased in the presence of 10-50 microM histamine in wild-type mice, but was not inhibited in the mutant mice. Histamine H1 receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin release in wild-type mice was also observed in the presence of thioperamide, an H3 antagonist. From these data, we postulate that endogenous histamine indirectly inhibits the release of 5-HT through H1 receptors in addition to H3 receptors. The treatment of 2 microM tetrodotoxin could partly abolish the effects of histamine on K(+)-evoked 5-HT release. Bicuculline, a GABA(A) antagonist, could reverse the histamine-induced inhibition of 5-HT release in wild-type mice, suggesting that H1 receptors facilitate the release of GABA, which in turn inhibits 5-HT release through GABA(A) receptors. The difference in the effects of d- and l-chlorpheniramine on K(+)-evoked 5-HT release in wild-type mice further supports the evidence of the function of H1 receptor modulating 5-HT release.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Son
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Matsuda Y, Sakurai E, Ozeki H, Kunou N, Nakajima K, Ogura Y. [A rabbit model for human cytomegalovirus retinitis]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 2001; 105:597-602. [PMID: 11579585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a rabbit model for human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) retinitis. METHODS 0.1 ml of 1 x 10(6) plaque forming units/ml HCMV was injected into the vitreous cavity of 10 pigmented rabbit eyes. The eyes were examined ophthalmoscopically on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 and once a week thereafter until 4 weeks after inoculation. Vitreal and retinal findings were graded from 0+ to 4+ on a scale of increasing severity. In addition, we examined the enucleated eyes 3 weeks after HCMV inoculation by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS All injected eyes developed vitreoretinal lesions. Vitreous opacities appeared the next day and increased until 4 days after HCMV inoculation. Whitish retinal exudates occurred on day 3 and increased until 3 weeks after HCMV inoculation. Vitreoretinal lesions then disappeared by 4 weeks after inoculation. Histological examination revealed intraretinal infiltration of inflammatory cells and disorganization of the inner retinal architecture. HCMV antigens were detected inside the retina by immunofluorescence using anti early protein antibody against HCMV. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that this rabbit model can be useful to develop and evaluate a new treatment modality for cytomegalovirus retinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Sakurai E, Matsuda Y, Ozeki H, Kunou N, Nakajima K, Ogura Y. Scleral plug of biodegradable polymers containing ganciclovir for experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:2043-8. [PMID: 11481270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of a biodegradable scleral plug containing ganciclovir (GCV) in a rabbit model of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) retinitis. METHODS To develop a rabbit model for HCMV retinitis, HCMV solution was injected once into the vitreous cavity of pigmented rabbits. The treated animals were divided into three groups: group A received no treatment, group B was treated once with GCV solution, and group C was treated with a scleral plug containing GCV. Rabbits in group B received an intravitreal injection of GCV solution 1 week after HCMV inoculation. In group C, the scleral plug containing GCV was implanted in the vitreous of the rabbits 1 week after HCMV inoculation. Ophthalmoscopically, vitreoretinal findings in each group were graded from 0+ to 4+ every week for 4 weeks after HCMV injection. RESULTS Eyes of group A rabbits showed whitish retinal exudates and vitreous opacities 3 days after HCMV inoculation. These materials increased gradually until 3 weeks after HCMV inoculation. Scores for vitreoretinal lesions were significantly lower in eyes of group B rabbits compared with those of group A at 1 week after GCV injection (P < 0.05). However, vitreoretinal inflammation in eyes of group B rabbits increased again thereafter, and no significant difference in inflammation between groups A and B was found 2 weeks after GCV injection. In eyes of group C, scores for vitreoretinal lesions were significantly lower compared with those in both group A and group B at 3 weeks after HCMV inoculation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that sustained release of GCV into the vitreous cavity with biodegradable scleral plugs was effective for the treatment of experimentally induced HCMV retinitis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sakurai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan.
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21
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Ohtsu H, Tanaka S, Terui T, Hori Y, Makabe-Kobayashi Y, Pejler G, Tchougounova E, Hellman L, Gertsenstein M, Hirasawa N, Sakurai E, Buzás E, Kovács P, Csaba G, Okada M, Hara M, Mar L, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Ishigaki-Suzuki S, Ohuchi K, Ichikawa A, Falus A, Watanabe T, Nagy A. Mice lacking histidine decarboxylase exhibit abnormal mast cells. FEBS Lett 2001; 502:53-6. [PMID: 11478947 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) synthesizes histamine from histidine in mammals. To evaluate the role of histamine, we generated HDC-deficient mice using a gene targeting method. The mice showed a histamine deficiency and lacked histamine-synthesizing activity from histidine. These HDC-deficient mice are viable and fertile but exhibit a decrease in the numbers of mast cells while the remaining mast cells show an altered morphology and reduced granular content. The amounts of mast cell granular proteases were tremendously reduced. The HDC-deficient mice provide a unique and promising model for studying the role of histamine in a broad range of normal and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohtsu
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Abstract
The antidiabetic effect of hot water extracts from Folium Mori was investigated in GK rat, one of the animal models of non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus types. Folium Mori extracts (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced the blood glucose of GK rat from 203.8 +/- 29.8 to 138.5 +/- 21.2 mg/dl at 14 days after oral administration. However, in normal rats, blood glucose and insulin levels were not changed by treatment with Folium Mori. The Folium Mori also decreased blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance at 14 days after repeated administration in GK rats. The Folium Mori treatment significantly increased glucose metabolism in the glucose clamp test for GK rats. These results suggest that Folium Mori has quite unique properties such as raising insulin sensitivity and improving insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iizuka
- Department of Pharmaceutics I, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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23
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Sakurai E, Sakurai E, Tanaka Y, Watanabe T, Singh Jossan S, Oreland L. Effects of histamine H3-receptor ligands on brain monoamine oxidase in various mammalian species. Brain Res 2001; 906:180-3. [PMID: 11430877 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of an H3 agonist, R-alpha-methylhistamine (alpha-MeHA), and an H3 antagonist, thioperamide, on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the hypothalamus of rat, monkey and human brains were compared in vitro. The histamine H(3)-receptor ligands competitively inhibited MAO-B, but noncompetitively inhibited MAO-A in all three mammalian species. However, alpha-MeHA inhibited MAO-A more potently than MAO-B at high concentrations in all three species. The K(i) values for MAO-A of alpha-MeHA in hypothalamic homogenates of rat, monkey and human brains were estimated to be 1.1, 1.2 and 1.9 mM, respectively, suggesting that alpha-MeHA cannot behave as a substrate for the MAO inhibitor. In contrast, rat, monkey and human brain MAO-B activities were inhibited by thioperamide, with respective K(i) values of 174.6, 8.2 and 10.8 microM, more potently than MAO-A activity. These results indicate that thioperamide, which elicits a strong activation of histamine release and turnover to N-tele-methylhistamine from histamine, competitively inhibits the conversion of N-tele-methylhistamine to N-tele-methylimidazoleacetic acid in human and monkey brains where MAO-B predominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sakurai
- Department of Pharmaceutics I, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
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24
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Endou M, Yanai K, Sakurai E, Fukudo S, Hongo M, Watanabe T. Food-deprived activity stress decreased the activity of the histaminergic neuron system in rats. Brain Res 2001; 891:32-41. [PMID: 11164807 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus, which is rich in histaminergic neurons, is highly sensitive to aversive stimuli such as stress. Histamine H3 receptors, which regulate histamine release from the presynaptic site, are associated with stress-induced brain activity. In this study, we investigated the changes of histamine content and histamine H1 and H3 receptors in the brains of rats subjected to stress induced through food deprivation and physical activity on a running wheel (food-deprived activity stress). For purposes of comparison, we also examined the stressful effects of forced swimming on the histaminergic neuron system of rats. The H3 receptor density rapidly declined in the acute phase of stress but gradually returned to the control level in the chronic phase. On the other hand, the H1 receptor slowly decreased and remained at a low level during the chronic phase. These results reveal that there is a discrepancy between the levels of H1 and H3 receptors in the acute and chronic phases of stress. Brain histamine content gradually increased during the late phase of both food-deprived activity stress and forced swimming stress. These changes presumably resulted in the inhibition of histaminergic neuronal activity in the chronic stress condition. In accordance with this hypothesis, the intraventricular administration of histamine significantly reduced the hyperactivity caused by food-deprived activity stress. Since extensive exercise and restricted feeding are thought to be associated with anorexia nervosa, the abnormalities in the histaminergic neuron system might contribute to trait status in anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Endou
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryou-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, 980-8575, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Uchiyama M, Matsuno N, Hama K, Iwamoto H, Narumi Y, Kikuchi K, Degawa H, Kozaki K, Kubota K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai E, Asuwa N, Masuda Toshihiko Hirano S, Nagao T. Comparison between nonpulsatile and pulsatile machine perfusion preservation in liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:936-8. [PMID: 11267136 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Uchiyama
- Department of Fifth Surgery, Pathology, Hachioji Medical Center of Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Iizuka Y, Sakurai E, Tanaka Y. [Effect of selenium on serum, hepatic and lipoprotein lipids concentration in rats fed on a high-cholesterol diet]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2001; 121:93-6. [PMID: 11201167 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.121.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Selenium (Se) on lipid metabolism was studied in male Wistar rats which were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 1%(w/w) cholesterol and 0.5%(w/w) cholic acid for 10 weeks. Se was orally administered at daily doses of 0.173 mg/kg in HCD into the test rats for 10 weeks. As compared with control groups, Se/HCD suppressed the amounts of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (CH) and free fatty acid in the serum. Se/HCD also decreased the amounts of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum. Further-more, Se/HCD inhibited the amount of liver TG and CH. The activity of fatty acid synthetase in the HCD fed group was higher than in the Se/HCD fed group. These results suggest that Se may have recuperative effects for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iizuka
- Department of Pharmaceutics I, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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27
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Abstract
In this study, we injected nanospheres containing a fluorescein derivative into the vitreous cavity of pigmented rabbit eyes and evaluated their intraocular kinetics as drug carriers in vivo. Polystyrene nanospheres (2 microm, 200 nm and 50 nm in diameter) containing a fluorescein derivative were used in this study. A suspension of each particle was prepared by diluting with distilled water at a concentration of 10 microg/ml equivalent to sodium fluorescein. The suspension of nanospheres was injected once into the vitreous cavity of unilateral eyes of pigmented rabbits. A sodium fluorescein solution of the same concentration was injected once into the vitreous cavity of the other eye as the control. The intraocular kinetics of nanospheres was evaluated by measuring vitreous fluorescence using a scanning fluorophotometer. To investigate elimination pathways of nanospheres in detail, serial cross-sections of the eyes were examined with a fluorescence microscope. The fluorescence derived from nanospheres was observed in the vitreous cavity for over 1 month (2 microm: t(1/2) = 5.4 +/- 0.8 days, 200 nm: t(1/2) = 8.6 +/- 0.7 days, 50 nm: t(1/2) = 10.1 +/- 1.8 days), whereas that in the control eyes completely disappeared within 3 days (t(1/2) = 7.8 +/- 0.7 h). The elimination half-life from the vitreous cavity correlated well with the particle diameter (r = -0.997, p = 0.007). Histological studies using a fluorescence microscope revealed that nanospheres with a diameter of 2 microm were seen in the vitreous cavity and trabecular meshwork, while nanospheres with a diameter of smaller than 200 nm were also observed in the retina as well as these tissues. Our findings indicated that nanospheres may be beneficial as a drug carrier to the retina, vitreous and trabecular meshwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sakurai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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28
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of the Mini-Wright (Clement Clarke International Ltd.) peak-flow meters. METHODS: Twenty of those meters were checked by use of electronic calibration syringe (Jones Flow-Volume Calibrator(R)). Nine of them had an old scale, with values displayed equidistantly, and eleven had a new mechanical scale with non-equidistant values. Each device was connected in series to the calibration syringe to perform eight hand-driven volume injections, with flows ranging from 100 to 700 l/min. Absolute and relative differences between meters and syringe were calculated, the syringe values taken as standard. The accuracy of the twenty Mini-Wright devices was validated by the American Thoracic Society criteria (-/+ 10% or -/+ 20 l/min), and/or European Respiratory Society criteria (-/+ 5% or -/+ 5 l/ min). RESULTS: New scale instruments were more accurate than old scale meters (p < 0.001), by both ATS and ERS criteria. Every meter was rechecked after 600 measurements. Both the old, and the new scale instruments maintained the same level of performance after this evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that new scale meters were accurate and can be safely used in clinical practice. The authors strongly recommend that they are rechecked regularly to ensure that they are within the ATS and ERS variation limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Camargos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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29
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Ozeki H, Shirai S, Nozaki M, Sakurai E, Mizuno S, Ashikari M, Matsunaga N, Ogura Y. Ocular and systemic features of Peters' anomaly. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2000; 238:833-9. [PMID: 11127570 DOI: 10.1007/s004170000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify the relationship between associated systemic anomalies and ocular manifestations in patients with Peters' anomaly, a retrospective study was conducted. METHODS We classified 37 patients with Peters' anomaly into two groups, one with (+) and one without (-) systemic anomalies. RESULTS The systemic anomaly (+) group consisted of 13 patients, eight males and five females, with mean age of 2.3 months. Peters' anomaly was bilateral in six cases and unilateral in seven. Corneolenticular adhesion was observed in 11 cases. Associated ocular anomalies were seen in 12 cases, and developmental glaucoma was present in eight cases. The systemic anomaly (-) group comprised 24 patients, 13 males and 11 females, with mean age of 28.3 months. Peters' anomaly was bilateral in 11 cases and unilateral in 13. Corneolenticular adhesion was observed in five cases. The associated ocular anomalies were observed in 10 cases, and developmental glaucoma was accompanied in six cases. The incidences of cases with corneolenticular adhesion, those with other ocular anomalies, and those with glaucoma were significantly higher in the systemic anomaly (+) group than in the systemic anomaly (-) group. CONCLUSIONS Peters' anomaly accompanying corneolenticular adhesion and/or other ocular anomalies should be evaluated for the presence of systemic anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ozeki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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30
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Guimarães PR, Galvão AM, Batista CM, Azevedo GS, Oliveira RD, Lamounier RP, Freire N, Barros AM, Sakurai E, Oliveira JP, Vieira EC, Alvarez-Leite JI. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) infusion has a modest and transitory effect on hypercholesterolemic subjects. Braz J Med Biol Res 2000; 33:1027-36. [PMID: 10973133 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2000000900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is consumed extensively in Brazil. It has been believed that infusion of a powdered preparation of the fruit may reduce serum cholesterol. However, there are few documented reports on its effects on cholesterol metabolism and its possible hypocholesterolemic effect has not been proved by well-controlled studies. The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of S. melongena on the serum cholesterol and triglycerides of 38 hypercholesterolemic human volunteers ingesting S. melongena infusion for five weeks. Thirty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects receiving either S. melongena infusion (N = 19) or placebo (N = 19) participated in two clinical experiments in which the effect of S. melongena infusion was studied with (N = 16) or without (N = 38) dietary orientation. Total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A and B were measured in blood at the beginning of the experiment and three and five weeks thereafter. No differences were observed compared to control. Intraindividual analysis showed that S. melongena infusion significantly reduced the blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol and of apolipoprotein B. After dietary orientation, no intra- or intergroup differences were seen for any of the parameters analyzed. The results suggest that S. melongena infusion had a modest and transitory effect, which was not different from that obtained with standard orientation for dyslipidemia patients (diet and physical activities).
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Guimarães
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Gnotobiologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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31
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Hirano T, Oka K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai E, Kozaki K, Matsuno N, Kozaki M, Nagao T. A comparison of prednisolone and methylprednisolone for renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2000; 14:323-8. [PMID: 10945203 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0012.2000.140408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A large difference in immunosuppressive potency between methylprednisolone and prednisolone has been suggested in vitro. However, the selection of the best glucocorticoid for renal transplantation has been seldom considered so far. Thus, the present study was undertaken to compare therapeutic efficacy between prednisolone and methylprednisolone in renal transplantation. We studied 42 renal transplant recipients who were operated on between 1990 and 1994. The patients were divided into two treatment groups: a methylprednisolone/ cyclosporine group (n = 19) and a prednisolone/cyclosporine group (n = 23). Clinical outcome and drug side effects were compared retrospectively between the treatment groups 24-84 months after transplantation. The overall graft survival time in patients treated with methylprednisolone/cyclosporine was superior to that in patients treated with prednisolone/cyclosporine (p < 0.05). Among the recipients from cadaver donors, 5/16 (31.3%) treated with prednisolone required nephrectomy, whereas none of the 10 patients treated with methylprednisolone received nephrectomy (p < 0.01). An examination of the recipients from living related donors revealed that serum creatinine levels 24-36 months after operation were significantly lower in the methylprednisolone group (p < 0.05). Cyclosporine trough levels and glucocorticoid side effects were similar between the treatment groups. The results raised the possibility that methylprednisolone is superior to prednisolone when combined with cyclosporine for maintenance immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan.
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32
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Suzuki-Ishigaki S, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Kuramasu A, Sakurai E, Makabe Y, Shimura S, Shirato K, Igarashi K, Watanabe T, Ohtsu H. The mouse L-histidine decarboxylase gene: structure and transcriptional regulation by CpG methylation in the promoter region. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:2627-33. [PMID: 10908316 PMCID: PMC102650 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.14.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the regulation of mouse L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene expression, we isolated genomic DNA clones encoding HDC. Structural analysis revealed that the mouse HDC gene was composed of 12 exons, spanning approximately 24 kb. Northern blotting analysis indicated that, among the cell lines examined, a high level of HDC gene expression was restricted to mature mast cell lines and an erythroblastic cell line. The gene was induced strongly in the mouse immature mast cell line P815 after incubation in the peritoneal cavity of BDF1 mice. We observed that the promoter region was demethylated in the HDC-expressing cell lines and in induced P815 cells. Interestingly, forced demethylation by 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) treatment induced high expression of HDC mRNA in P815 cells. The activity of a mouse HDC promoter-reporter construct stably transfected in P815 cells was repressed by in vitro patch-methylation. This low promoter activity of the patch-methylated reporter construct was restored after 5-azaC treatment, which demethylated the patch-methylated promoter. These results indicate that DNA methylation state of the promoter region controls HDC gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki-Ishigaki
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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33
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Tagawa M, Kano M, Okamura N, Itoh M, Sakurai E, Watanabe T, Yanai K. Relationship between effects of alcohol on psychomotor performances and blood alcohol concentrations. Jpn J Pharmacol 2000; 83:253-60. [PMID: 10952075 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.83.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is a social drug and has been generally known to be a CNS depressant. A large fluctuation of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is well-known to occur due to main factors such as the genetic polymorphism of the main alcohol metabolizing enzymes and the effect of blood. Few studies have substantially discussed the relationship between impaired CNS activities and BAC. In this study, focusing on the correlation of BAC, we investigated the acute effects of alcohol intake on cognitive performance in humans by objective evaluation methods consisting of the attention-demanding cognitive tasks. Tasks were administered to ten healthy male volunteers before and after ingesting established amounts of alcohol. With increased BAC, we observed prolongation of reaction time performances and lowering of a coordination performance. From the results, we concluded that cognitive performance deteriorates with an increase of BAC. Additionally, the BAC threshold that causes significant impairment of cognitive performance was estimated to be approximately 50 mg/dl (ca. 10 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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34
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Yamakami J, Sakurai E, Kuramasu A, Sakurai E, Yanai K, Watanabe T, Tanaka Y. L-Histidine decarboxylase protein and activity in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Inflamm Res 2000; 49:231-5. [PMID: 10893046 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN L-Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) is the primary enzyme regulating histamine biosynthesis. This study was carried out to examine whether the cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC), which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB), have the ability to form histamine, and whether HDC mRNA is expressed in rat BMEC. MATERIAL Male, 3-week-old Wistar rats were used. For in vitro studies, rat BMEC were isolated from rat brains, and subculture cells were grown on collagen-coated culture flask and slide. METHODS HDC assay, immunofluorescence analysis and expression of HDC mRNA by RT-PCR were performed in rat BMEC. RESULTS The HDC activity of the BMEC was estimated to be 0.14 +/- 0.05 p mol/min/mg protein. This activity was completely inhibited by (S)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, a specific inhibitor of HDC. Using a polyclonal anti HDC antibody and immunofluorescence microscopy, we confirmed the presence of HDC protein in rat BMEC. RT-PCR also showed the expression of HDC mRNA in rat BMEC. CONCLUSIONS L-Histidine uptaken by rat BMEC was shown to be converted to histamine, suggesting that HDC plays an important role in BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yamakami
- Department of Pharmaceutics I, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Darvas
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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36
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Kozaki K, Sakurai E, Kubota K, Iwamoto H, Hama K, Narumi Y, Uchiyama M, Kikuchi K, Degawa H, Matsuno N, Kozaki M, Nagao T. Prediction of kidney nonfunction after transplantation with machine perfusion preservation. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:275-6. [PMID: 10715415 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kozaki
- Fifth Department of Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Kozaki K, Sakurai E, Uchiyama M, Matsuno N, Kozaki M, Nagao T. Usefulness of high-risk renal graft conditioning: functional improvement of high-risk grafts by addition of reagents to continuous hypothermic perfusion preservation solution. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:164-6. [PMID: 10701007 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kozaki
- Fifth Department of Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
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38
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Matsuno N, Kozaki K, Degawa H, Narumi Y, Suzuki N, Kikuchi K, Uchiyama M, Kubota K, Sakurai E, Kozaki M, Nagao T. A useful predictor in machine perfusion preservation for kidney transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:173-4. [PMID: 10701011 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Matsuno
- Fifth Department of Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center of Tokyo Medical University, Japan
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Kozaki K, Sakurai E, Uchiyama M, Matsuno N, Kozaki M, Nagao T. Development of hypothermic continuous perfusion preservation machine equipped with nonpulsatile pump and its clinical application. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:5-9. [PMID: 10700944 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kozaki
- Fifth Department of Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
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Kozaki K, Sakurai E, Uchiyama M, Matsuno N, Kozaki M, Nagao T. Usefulness of high-risk renal graft conditioning; functional improvement of high risk grafts by drug addition to continuous hypothermic perfusion preservation solution. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:2920-1. [PMID: 10578338 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kozaki
- Fifth Department of Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical College, Japan
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Horigome A, Hirano T, Oka K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai E, Kozaki K, Matsuno N, Nagao T, Kozaki M. Lymphocyte-sensitivity to glucocorticoid correlates with the sensitivity to cyclosporin A and tacrolimus in chronic renal failure patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48:573-8. [PMID: 10583028 PMCID: PMC2014366 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Association between lymphocyte-sensitivity to immunosuppressants in transplant recipients in vitro and clinical outcomes has been demonstrated. In general, renal transplant recipients are treated with a combination of immunosuppressants such as either glucocorticoid/cyclosporin A (CsA) or glucocorticoid/tacrolimus (FK506) but the pharmacological complementarity of these drugs is still controversial. We examined relationships between the lymphocyte-sensitivities to these immunosuppressants. METHODS We examined lymphocyte-sensitivities to prednisolone (PSL), CsA, and FK506 in vitro in a total of 190 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients and 140 healthy subjects. The lymphocyte-sensitivity was evaluated from the IC50 value against mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte-blastogenesis in vitro. RESULTS Statistically significant correlations of the IC50 values in CRF patients between the following pairs of drugs were observed: PSL and CsA (P<0.0001; n=129, r=0.419), PSL and FK506 (P<0.001; n=54, r=0. 441), and CsA and FK506 (P<0.0001; n=45, r=0.608). Similar correlations were also observed in lymphocytes from healthy subjects. The population of CRF patients who exhibited high IC50 values (low sensitivities) to PSL and FK506 was significantly larger than that of healthy subjects (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients who showed low lymphocyte-sensitivity to either of the drugs also may exhibit low sensitivity to the others, and thus they may have a high risk of unsatisfactory outcome under combination therapy after renal transplantation. To overcome this risk, the selection of immunosuppressants is recommended to be restricted according to individual lymphocyte-sensitivities to these drugs in vitro, or alternatively, by addition of other drugs with different mechanisms for immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Horigome
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science
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Matsuno N, Kozaki K, Degawa H, Narumi Y, Suzuki N, Kikuchi K, Uchiyama M, Sakurai E, Kozaki M, Nagao T. Importance of machine perfusion flow in kidney preservation. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:2004-5. [PMID: 10455952 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Matsuno
- 5th Department of Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center of Tokyo Medical University, Japan
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Ito C, Shen H, Toyota H, Kubota Y, Sakurai E, Watanabe T, Sato M. Effects of the acute and chronic restraint stresses on the central histaminergic neuron system of Fischer rat. Neurosci Lett 1999; 262:143-5. [PMID: 10203252 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of acute and chronic restraint stresses on the brain histamine level and histamine N-methyltransferase activity in Fischer rat brain were studied. The acute restraint stress increased the histamine levels in the diencephalon and nucleus accumbens, and increased the histamine N-methyltransferase activities in the nucleus accumbens and striatum. The chronic restraint stress also increased histamine N-methyltransferase activities in the nucleus accumbens and striatum. These results indicate that the acute and chronic restraint stresses increase the brain histamine turnover, which may partly relate to the vulnerability for stress-induced anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Kato H, Sakurai E, Morishita M, Oki Y, Watanabe K, Kawajiri T, Miyara H, Shanzhong Y, Nitta M, Inoue M. [Management of mycobacteriosis in general hospital without isolation ward for tuberculosis patients. 5. The management of the patients excreting tubercle bacilli in a university hospital without isolation ward for tuberculosis]. Kekkaku 1999; 74:151-6. [PMID: 10191611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese low ruled that the patients excreting tubercle bacilli should be treated in the isolated ward for tuberculosis. However, it is often difficult to transfer a patient with serious illness to the isolated ward with insufficient medical facilities. We investigated retrospectively the manner of the management of patients excreting tubercle bacilli in the Aichi Medical University Hospital without the isolation ward for tuberculosis. Materials were 166 patients (0.17%) out of 97,275 in-patients during 11 years since 1986 to 1996. Respiratory symptoms were observed in 114 patients (68.7% of 166 patients) on admission. The initial bacteriological examination was ordered by the attendant doctor within a week in 93 patients (81.6%) of 114 patients with respiratory symptoms. On the other hand, a half of the 52 patients without respiratory symptoms on admission were not examined for sputum bacteriology beyond a week. Anti-tuberculous treatment was started within a week after positive bacteriological results in 129 patients (77.7% of the whole 166 patients), while the treatment was not carried out or delayed in 21 patients (12.6%) because of the communication failure of the bacteriological report to the physicians. Some complications were observed in 101 patients: 21 diabetes mellitus, 20 cancers, 15 hematological disorders, 9 collagen diseases, 6 renal failures on dialysis. Serious illnesses were observed in 33 patients (20.6% of the 166 patients). Twenty-four patients (73% of the seriously ill patients) were died of renal failure, pancytopenia, cancer or respiratory failure. We considered that an isolated room for infectious tuberculosis with independent air conditioning system in a general hospital or a educational hospital was very convenient not only to the treatment of the patients with serious complications, but also to the education and training on tuberculosis for the medical student or medical stuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kato
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Japan
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Abstract
The transport characteristics of l- and d-histidine through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were studied using cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). l-Histidine uptake was a saturable process. A decrease in incubation temperature from 37 to 0 degreesC or the addition of metabolic inhibitors (DNP and rotenone) reduced the uptake rate of l-histidine. Ouabain, an inhibitor of (Na+, K+)-ATPase, also reduced uptake of l-histidine. Moreover, the substitution of Na+ with choline chloride and choline bicarbonate in the incubation buffer decreased the initial l- and d-histidine uptake rates. These results suggested that l-histidine is actively uptaken by a carrier-mediated mechanism into the BMEC, with energy supplied by Na+. However, l-histidine uptake at 0 degreesC was not completely inhibited, and it was reduced in the presence of an Na+-independent System-L substrate, BCH, suggesting facilitated diffusion (the Na+-independent process) by a carrier-mediated mechanism into the BMEC. l-histidine uptake in rat BMEC also appeared to be System-N mediated since uptake was inhibited by glutamine, aspargine and l-glutamic acid gamma-monohydroxamate. System-N mediated transport was not pH sensitive. d-histidine transport was also studied in rat BMEC. d-histidine transport by rat BMEC has similar characteristics to l-histidine. However, System-N transport did not play a role in d-histidine uptake. The uptake of l-histidine was also greater than that of the d-isomer, indicating the stereoselective uptake of histidine in rat BMEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yamakami
- Department of Pharmaceutics I, Tohoku College of Pharmacy, 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Yanai K, Son LZ, Endou M, Sakurai E, Nakagawasai O, Tadano T, Kisara K, Inoue I, Watanabe T, Watanabe T. Behavioural characterization and amounts of brain monoamines and their metabolites in mice lacking histamine H1 receptors. Neuroscience 1998; 87:479-87. [PMID: 9740406 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural assessments were made of mutant mice lacking histamine H1 receptors to reveal the function of H1 receptors in the behaviour of mice. Exploratory behaviour of mice in a new environment was examined to discover whether the absence of H1 receptors in mice affects actions relating to their emotions. The H1 receptor-deficient mice showed a significant decrease in ambulation in an open field and on an activity wheel. Cognitive functions and anxiety were examined using passive avoidance response test and the elevated plus-maze test, respectively. The passive avoidance test did not show any change in latency. The elevated plus-maze test revealed that the transfer latency of the mutant mice was significantly prolonged, indicating that H1 receptors are partly associated with the control of anxiety. Aggressive behaviour was examined by a resident-intruder aggression test. When confronted with an intruder, the mutant mice attacked the intruder significantly slower and less frequently than did wild-type mice after a six-month isolation period. A formalin test and a forced swimming test were used to evaluate the nociceptive response and depressive or despairing state, respectively, of both groups. The mutant mice showed a significant decrease of nociceptive response in the late phase without affecting the early phase. There was no significant difference in the forced swimming test between the two groups. The brain content of monoamines and their metabolites was measured in the H1 receptor null and wild-type mice. The turnover rate of 5-hydroxytryptamine defined by the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine was significantly increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of H1 receptor null mice. These results support the previous pharmacological findings that histamine modulates various neurophysiological functions such as locomotor activity, emotion, memory and learning, nociception and aggressive behaviour through H1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology I, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- H Degawa
- 5th Surgical Department, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical College, Tokyo, Japan
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Uchiyama M, Kozaki K, Nemoto T, Degawa H, Matsuno N, Kubota K, Takeuchi H, Sakurai E, Kozaki M, Ikeda T, Asuwa N, Masuda S, Nagao T. Liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors: effect of machine perfusion preservation and pentoxifylline. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3798-800. [PMID: 9838665 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Uchiyama
- Department of Surgery Anesthesiology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical College, Japan
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Nemoto T, Matsuno N, Sakurai E, Degawa H, Kozaki K, Uchiyama M, Mizushima Y, Kubota K, Takeuchi H, Kozaki M, Nagao T. Successful renal transplantation from non-heart-beating donors with a high creatinine. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3785-6. [PMID: 9838659 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Nemoto
- 5th Surgical Department, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical College, Japan
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Sasaki S, Koumi S, Sato R, Murata M, Nagasawa K, Sakurai E, Hikichi N, Hayakawa H. Kinetics of buccal absorption of propafenone single oral loading dose in healthy humans. Gen Pharmacol 1998; 31:589-91. [PMID: 9792220 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(98)00045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Buccal absorption has an advantage when compared with other administration routes because of its rapid onset of action. We examined the pharmacokinetics of buccal-absorbed propafenone in healthy humans. 1. After a single oral administration of 150 mg of propafenone, the average peak concentration of propafenone was 27.9+/-2.5 ng/ml, and that of 5-hydroxypropafenone was 61.7+/-6.6 ng/ml (n=5). The times to reach peak serum concentrations of propafenone and 5-hydroxypropafenone were 1.8+/-0.1 hr and 1.5+/-0.2 hr, respectively. 2. After a buccal absorption of 150 mg of propafenone, the time to reach peak serum concentration of propafenone was 16.9+/-2.3 min (n=8). The average peak concentration of propafenone was 30.4+/-1.4 ng/ml (n=8), and the concentrations of 5-hydroxypropafenone were below the detection limit in all subjects. The rapid upstroke of serum concentrations of propafenone by buccal administration may cause rapid onset of pharmacological conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Tama-Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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