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Sol Dourdin T, Rivière G, Cormier A, Di Poi C, Guyomard K, Rabiller M, Akcha F, Bah Sadialiou T, Le Monier P, Sussarellu R. Molecular and phenotypic effects of early exposure to an environmentally relevant pesticide mixture in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Environ Pollut 2023; 326:121472. [PMID: 36965683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages are crucial for organism development, especially for those displaying external fertilization, whose gametes and early stages face environmental stressors such as xenobiotics. The pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is considered a model species in ecotoxicology because of its ecological characteristics (benthic, sessile, filter feeding). So far studies have investigated the impact of xenobiotics at embryotoxic, genotoxic and physiological endpoints, sometimes at the multigenerational scale, highlighting the role of epigenetic mechanisms in transmitting alterations induced by exposure to single xenobiotics. However, to date, little is known about the impact of environmentally-mimicking contaminants cocktails. Thus, we examined the impact of an early exposure to environmentally relevant mixture on the Pacific oyster life history. We studied transcriptomic, epigenetic and physiological alterations induced in oysters exposed to 18 pesticides and metals at environmental concentration (nominal sum concentration: 2.85 μg.L-1, measured sum concentration: 3.74 ± 0.013 μg.L-1) during embryo-larval stage (0-48 h post fertilization, hpf). No significant differences in embryo-larval abnormalities at 24 hpf were observed during larval and spat rearing; the swimming behaviour of exposed individuals was disturbed, while they were longer and heavier at specific time points, and exhibited a lower epinephrine-induced metamorphosis rate as well as a higher survival rate in the field. In addition, RNA-seq analyses of gastrula embryos revealed the differential expression of development-related genes (e.g. Hox orthologues and cell cycle regulators) between control and exposed oysters. Whole-genome DNA methylation analyses demonstrated a significant modification of DNA methylation in exposed larvae marked by a demethylation trend. Those findings suggest that early exposure to an environmentally relevant pesticide mixture induces multi-scale latent effects possibly affecting life history traits in the Pacific oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sol Dourdin
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, Nantes, France.
| | - Guillaume Rivière
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR8067, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche et Développement (IRD), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Caen Normandie (UCN), Université des Antilles (UA), 75231, Paris, CEDEX, France
| | | | - Carole Di Poi
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), France
| | | | | | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, Nantes, France
| | | | - Pauline Le Monier
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, Nantes, France
| | - Rossana Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques, Nantes, France
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2
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Akcha F, Coquillé N, Sussarellu R, Rouxel J, Chouvelon T, Gonzalez P, Legeay A, Bruzac S, Sireau T, Gonzalez JL, Gourves PY, Godfrin Y, Buchet V, Stachowski-Haberkorn S. Trophic transfer of copper decreases the condition index in Crassostrea gigas spat in concomitance with a change in the microalgal fatty acid profile and enhanced oyster energy demand. Sci Total Environ 2022; 824:153841. [PMID: 35181356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to new usages and sources, copper (Cu) concentrations are increasing in the Arcachon Basin, an important shellfish production area in France. In the present paper, the trophic transfer of Cu was studied between a microalga, Tetraselmis suecica, and Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster) spat. An experimental approach was developed to assess Cu exposure, transfer and toxicity on both phytoplankton and spat. Exposure of microalgal cultures to Cu for 7-8 days (3.1 ± 0.1, 15.7 ± 0.2 and 50.4 ± 1.0 μg Cu·L-1 for the control, Cu15 and Cu50 conditions, respectively) led to concentrations in microalgae (28.3 ± 0.9 and 110.7 ± 11.9 mg Cu·kg dry weight-1 for Cu15 and Cu50, respectively) close to those measured in the field. Despite Cu accumulation, the physiology of the microalgae remained poorly affected. Exposed cultures could only be discriminated from controls by a higher relative content in intracellular reactive oxygen species, and a lower relative content in lipids together with a reduced metabolic activity. By contrast, the fatty acid profile of microalgae was modified, with a particularly relevant lower content of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]). Following 21 days of spat feeding with Cu15 and Cu50 microalgal cultures, trophic transfer of Cu was observed with a high initial Cu concentration in spat tissues. No effect was observed on oxidative stress endpoints. Cu exposure was responsible for a decrease in the spat condition index, an outcome that could be related to an insufficient DHA supply and extra energy demand as suggested by the overexpression of genes involved in energy metabolism, ATP synthesis and glycogen catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France.
| | - N Coquillé
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - R Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - J Rouxel
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - T Chouvelon
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Metallic Contaminants, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - P Gonzalez
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Arcachon, France
| | - A Legeay
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Arcachon, France
| | - S Bruzac
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Metallic Contaminants, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - T Sireau
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Metallic Contaminants, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - J-L Gonzalez
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Metallic Contaminants, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - P-Y Gourves
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Arcachon, France
| | - Y Godfrin
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - V Buchet
- Ifremer, Experimental Facilities for Marine Mollusks, 85230 Bouin, France
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3
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Sussarellu R, Chouvelon T, Aminot Y, Couteau J, Loppion G, Dégremont L, Lamy JB, Akcha F, Rouxel J, Berthelin C, Briaudeau T, Izagirre U, Mauffret A, Grouhel A, Burgeot T. Differences in chemical contaminants bioaccumulation and ecotoxicology biomarkers in Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis and their hybrids. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118328. [PMID: 34653587 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Mytilus mussels are spread all over the world and many related species coexist in several areas and can produce hybrid offspring. Mussels have been used for decades in national and international programs to monitor chemical contamination in the environment. Differences in bioaccumulation and biotransformation abilities between species and their hybrids should be evaluated to assess the comparability of the results obtained within the international biomonitoring programs. The objective of this study was to characterize bioaccumulation abilities and biomarker responses in Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and their hybrids via an in situ transplantation experimentation on their progenies. Four mussel groups (M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and two hybrids batches) issued from genetically characterized parents were transplanted for one year in Charente Maritime (France) to ensure their exposure to identical sources of contamination. The bioaccumulation of several families of contaminants (trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls), the response of several biomarkers (DNA strand breaks level, lysosomal membrane stability, metallothionein content, acetylcholine esterase activity) and some physiological parameters (growth, mortality, gonadal development), were analyzed. Differences were observed between species, however they were contaminant-specific. Variations in contaminants levels were observed between progenies, with higher levels of Cu, PBDE, PCB in M. edulis, and higher levels of Cd, Hg, Zn in M galloprovincialis. This study demonstrated that variations in contaminant bioaccumulation and different biomarker responses exist between Mytilus species in the field. Data on species or the presence of hybrid individuals (or introgression) is an important additional parameter to add to biomonitoring programs databases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tifanie Briaudeau
- Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Araújo DF, Knoery J, Briant N, Ponzevera E, Chouvelon T, Auby I, Yepez S, Bruzac S, Sireau T, Pellouin-Grouhel A, Akcha F. Metal stable isotopes in transplanted oysters as a new tool for monitoring anthropogenic metal bioaccumulation in marine environments: The case for copper. Environ Pollut 2021; 290:118012. [PMID: 34482248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal release into the environment from anthropogenic activities may endanger ecosystems and human health. However, identifying and quantifying anthropogenic metal bioaccumulation in organisms remain a challenging task. In this work, we assess Cu isotopes in Pacific oysters (C. gigas) as a new tool for monitoring anthropogenic Cu bioaccumulation into marine environments. Arcachon Bay was taken as a natural laboratory due to its increasing contamination by Cu, and its relevance as a prominent shellfish production area. Here, we transplanted 18-month old oysters reared in an oceanic neighbor area into two Arcachon Bay mariculture sites under different exposure levels to continental Cu inputs. At the end of their 12-month long transplantation period, the oysters' Cu body burdens had increased, and was shifted toward more positive δ65Cu values. The gradient of Cu isotope compositions observed for oysters sampling stations was consistent with relative geographic distance and exposure intensities to unknown continental Cu sources. A binary isotope mixing model based on experimental data allowed to estimate the Cu continental fraction bioaccumulated in the transplanted oysters. The positive δ65Cu values and high bioaccumulated levels of Cu in transplanted oysters support that continental emissions are dominantly anthropogenic. However, identifying specific pollutant coastal source remained unelucidated mostly due to their broader and overlapping isotope signatures and potential post-depositional Cu isotope fractionation processes. Further investigations on isotope fractionation of Cu-based compounds in an aqueous medium may improve Cu source discrimination. Thus, using Cu as an example, this work combines for the first time a well-known caged bivalve approach with metal stable isotope techniques for monitoring and quantifying the bioaccumulation of anthropogenic metal into marine environments. Also, it states the main challenges to pinpoint specific coastal anthropogenic sources utilizing this approach and provides the perspectives for further studies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Araújo
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (BE/LBCM), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Joël Knoery
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (BE/LBCM), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (BE/LBCM), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Emmanuel Ponzevera
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Tiphaine Chouvelon
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (BE/LBCM), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France; Observatoire Pelagis, UMS 3462 La Rochelle Université-CNRS, 5 Allée de L'Océan, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Isabelle Auby
- Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources D'Arcachon (Littoral/LERAR), Quai Du Commandant Silhouette, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Santiago Yepez
- Department of Forest Management and Environment, Faculty of Forestry, University of Concepcion, Calle Victoria, 500 Concepción, Bio-Bio, Chile
| | - Sandrine Bruzac
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (BE/LBCM), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Teddy Sireau
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (BE/LBCM), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Anne Pellouin-Grouhel
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Réseau D'Observation de La Contamination Chimique Du Littoral Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, Laboratoire D'Écotoxicologie (BE/LEX), Rue de L'Ile D'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
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Akcha F, Cahuc C, Rouxel J, Munschy C, Aminot Y, Chouvelon T, Mahe K, Budzinski H, Mauffret A. Development in the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) of a q-PCR assay for the measurement of telomere length, a potential biomarker of pollutant effects for biomonitoring studies. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 170:112610. [PMID: 34146858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres protect the coding sequence of chromosome ends and Telomere Length (TL) has been proposed as a biomarker of cellular aging, cumulative stress exposure and life-span in humans. With the aim to propose new biomarkers, a q-PCR protocol was adapted for the measurement of TL in the European flounder Platichthys flesus. The protocol was then applied in 2-year-old flounders from the Seine Estuary. The absolute TL in the flounder is 54 ± 13 kbp per genome (mean ± standard error). Considering relative or absolute TL, no correlation was observed with DNA damage and any of the measured contaminant concentrations (trace elements, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl substances). Because sampling was limited, further investigations are required to state a possible impact of chemical pollution on flatfish telomeres. This is motivated by correlations observed with organochlorinated compounds when decreasing statistical significance (p ≤ 0.10).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France.
| | - C Cahuc
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - J Rouxel
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - C Munschy
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - Y Aminot
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - T Chouvelon
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
| | - K Mahe
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Fisheries Resources, Boulogne-Sur-Mer, France
| | - H Budzinski
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Laboratory of Physico- and Toxico-Chemistry of the Environment, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Mauffret
- Ifremer, Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Unit, Nantes, France
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Akcha F, Barranger A, Bachère E. Genotoxic and epigenetic effects of diuron in the Pacific oyster: in vitro evidence of interaction between DNA damage and DNA methylation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:8266-8280. [PMID: 33052562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research has contributed to better knowledge on the occurrence of pesticides in coastal water by identifying frequently detected substances, their concentration range and their acute and chronic toxicity for organisms. Pesticide pollution is of particular concern in France due to important agricultural activities and presence of several exoreic catchment areas that vehicle pesticides up to coastal waters, impacting non-target marine species. Several ecotoxicology questions remain to be addressed concerning the long-term effects of chronic pesticide exposure and the mechanisms involved in adaptation to chemical stress. In the present study, we brought new insights on the genetic and epigenetic effects of the herbicide diuron in oyster genitors. During gametogenesis, we exposed Crassostrea gigas to environmentally realistic herbicide concentrations (0.2-0.3 μg L-1 during two 7-day periods at half-course and end of gametogenesis). Diuron exposure was shown to decrease global DNA methylation and total methyltransferase activity in whole oyster tissue; this is consistent with the previous observation of a significant decrease in DNMT1 gene expression. Diuron effect seemed to be tissue-specific; hypermethylation was detected in the digestive gland, whereas diuron exposure had no effect on gill and gonad tissue. The genotoxicity of diuron was confirmed by the detection of one adduct in gonad DNA. By using in vitro approaches and human DNMT1 (DNMT1 has not been purified yet in bivalves), the presence of DNA lesions (adduct, 8-oxodGuo) was shown to interfere with DNMT1 activity, indicating a complex interaction between DNA damage and DNA methylation. Based on our results, we propose mechanisms to explain the effect of diuron exposure on DNA methylation, a widespread epigenetic mark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Audrey Barranger
- Ifremer, Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interactions Hosts Pathogens Environment, UPVD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, CC 80, 34095, Montpellier, France
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7
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Cheray M, Etcheverry A, Jacques C, Pacaud R, Bougras-Cartron G, Aubry M, Denoual F, Peterlongo P, Nadaradjane A, Briand J, Akcha F, Heymann D, Vallette FM, Mosser J, Ory B, Cartron PF. Cytosine methylation of mature microRNAs inhibits their functions and is associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:36. [PMID: 32098627 PMCID: PMC7041276 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01155-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Literature reports that mature microRNA (miRNA) can be methylated at adenosine, guanosine and cytosine. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in cytosine methylation of miRNAs have not yet been fully elucidated. Here we investigated the biological role and underlying mechanism of cytosine methylation in miRNAs in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods RNA immunoprecipitation with the anti-5methylcytosine (5mC) antibody followed by Array, ELISA, dot blot, incorporation of a radio-labelled methyl group in miRNA, and miRNA bisulfite sequencing were perfomred to detect the cytosine methylation in mature miRNA. Cross-Linking immunoprecipiation qPCR, transfection with methylation/unmethylated mimic miRNA, luciferase promoter reporter plasmid, Biotin-tagged 3’UTR/mRNA or miRNA experiments and in vivo assays were used to investigate the role of methylated miRNAs. Finally, the prognostic value of methylated miRNAs was analyzed in a cohorte of GBM pateints. Results Our study reveals that a significant fraction of miRNAs contains 5mC. Cellular experiments show that DNMT3A/AGO4 methylated miRNAs at cytosine residues inhibit the formation of miRNA/mRNA duplex and leading to the loss of their repressive function towards gene expression. In vivo experiments show that cytosine-methylation of miRNA abolishes the tumor suppressor function of miRNA-181a-5p miRNA for example. Our study also reveals that cytosine-methylation of miRNA-181a-5p results is associated a poor prognosis in GBM patients. Conclusion Together, our results indicate that the DNMT3A/AGO4-mediated cytosine methylation of miRNA negatively. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cheray
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Present address: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), R8:03, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amandine Etcheverry
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGdR), F-35043, Rennes, France.,Université Rennes1, UEB, UMS 3480 Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Plate-forme Génomique Environnementale et Humaine Biosit, Université Rennes1, F-35043, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Camille Jacques
- INSERM, UMR 1238, équipe labellisée ligue 2012, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035, Nantes, France
| | - Romain Pacaud
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Gwenola Bougras-Cartron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France.,Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique (RepiCGO), Nantes, France.,EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Aubry
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGdR), F-35043, Rennes, France.,Université Rennes1, UEB, UMS 3480 Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Plate-forme Génomique Environnementale et Humaine Biosit, Université Rennes1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Florent Denoual
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Peterlongo
- IRISA Inria Rennes Bretagne Atlantique, équipe GenScale, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Arulraj Nadaradjane
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique (RepiCGO), Nantes, France.,EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Joséphine Briand
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France.,Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique (RepiCGO), Nantes, France.,EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France.,Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, cedex 03 44311, . Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
| | - François M Vallette
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Jean Mosser
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGdR), F-35043, Rennes, France.,Université Rennes1, UEB, UMS 3480 Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, F-35043, Rennes, France.,Plate-forme Génomique Environnementale et Humaine Biosit, Université Rennes1, F-35043, Rennes, France.,CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, F-35033, Rennes, France.,Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique (RepiCGO), Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Ory
- INSERM, UMR 1238, équipe labellisée ligue 2012, 1 Rue Gaston Veil, 44035, Nantes, France.,Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique (RepiCGO), Nantes, France.,EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-François Cartron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France. .,LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France. .,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France. .,Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique (RepiCGO), Nantes, France. .,EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, Nantes, France. .,Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA INSERM U1232, Equipe 9 -Apoptose et Progression tumorale, LaBCT, Boulevard du Pr J Monod, 44805, Saint-Herblain, France.
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8
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Revel M, Châtel A, Perrein-Ettajani H, Bruneau M, Akcha F, Sussarellu R, Rouxel J, Costil K, Decottignies P, Cognie B, Lagarde F, Mouneyrac C. Realistic environmental exposure to microplastics does not induce biological effects in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 150:110627. [PMID: 31655301 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence and potential toxic effects of plastic fragments (<400 μm) of polyethylene and polypropylene on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Oysters were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0, 0.008, 10, 100 μg of particles/L) during 10 days, followed by a depuration period of 10 days in clean seawater. Effects of microplastics were evaluated on the clearance rate of organisms, tissue alteration, antioxidant defense, immune alteration and DNA damage. Detection and quantification of microplastics in oyster's tissues (digestive gland, gills and other tissues) and biodeposits using infrared microscopy were also conducted. Microplastics were detected in oyster's biodeposits following exposure to all tested concentrations: 0.003, 0.006 and 0.05 particles/mg of biodeposits in oysters exposed to 0.008, 10 and 100 μg of particles/L, respectively. No significant modulation of biological markers was measured in organisms exposed to microplastics in environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messika Revel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France.
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Hanane Perrein-Ettajani
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Mélanie Bruneau
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Rossana Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Julien Rouxel
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- UMR BOREA, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, SFR ICORE, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Priscilla Decottignies
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bruno Cognie
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 3 place André Leroy, 49000, Angers, France
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9
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Barranger A, Langan LM, Sharma V, Rance GA, Aminot Y, Weston NJ, Akcha F, Moore MN, Arlt VM, Khlobystov AN, Readman JW, Jha AN. Antagonistic Interactions between Benzo[a]pyrene and Fullerene (C 60) in Toxicological Response of Marine Mussels. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E987. [PMID: 31288459 PMCID: PMC6669530 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of the interaction of fullerene (C60) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. The uptake of nC60, B[a]P and mixtures of nC60 and B[a]P into tissues was confirmed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Biomarkers of DNA damage as well as proteomics analysis were applied to unravel the interactive effect of B[a]P and C60. Antagonistic responses were observed at the genotoxic and proteomic level. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were only identified in the B[a]P single exposure and the B[a]P mixture exposure groups containing 1 mg/L of C60, the majority of which were downregulated (~52%). No DEPs were identified at any of the concentrations of nC60 (p < 0.05, 1% FDR). Using DEPs identified at a threshold of (p < 0.05; B[a]P and B[a]P mixture with nC60), gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that these proteins were enriched with a broad spectrum of biological processes and pathways, including those broadly associated with protein processing, cellular processes and environmental information processing. Among those significantly enriched pathways, the ribosome was consistently the top enriched term irrespective of treatment or concentration and plays an important role as the site of biological protein synthesis and translation. Our results demonstrate the complex multi-modal response to environmental stressors in M. galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Barranger
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Laura M Langan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Vikram Sharma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Graham A Rance
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yann Aminot
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Nicola J Weston
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, F-44311, CEDEX 03 Nantes, France
| | - Michael N Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3HD, UK
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, London SE1 9NH, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England and Imperial College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James W Readman
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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10
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Killelea T, Palud A, Akcha F, Lemor M, L'haridon S, Godfroy A, Henneke G. The interplay at the replisome mitigates the impact of oxidative damage on the genetic integrity of hyperthermophilic Archaea. eLife 2019; 8:45320. [PMID: 31184586 PMCID: PMC6559790 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a major oxidised base modification, has been investigated to study its impact on DNA replication in hyperthermophilic Archaea. Here we show that 8-oxodG is formed in the genome of growing cells, with elevated levels following exposure to oxidative stress. Functional characterisation of cell-free extracts and the DNA polymerisation enzymes, PolB, PolD, and the p41/p46 complex, alone or in the presence of accessory factors (PCNA and RPA) indicates that translesion synthesis occurs under replicative conditions. One of the major polymerisation effects was stalling, but each of the individual proteins could insert and extend past 8-oxodG with differing efficiencies. The introduction of RPA and PCNA influenced PolB and PolD in similar ways, yet provided a cumulative enhancement to the polymerisation performance of p41/p46. Overall, 8-oxodG translesion synthesis was seen to be potentially mutagenic leading to errors that are reminiscent of dA:8-oxodG base pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Killelea
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Plouzané, France
| | - Adeline Palud
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Plouzané, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Nantes, France
| | - Mélanie Lemor
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Plouzané, France
| | - Stephane L'haridon
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Plouzané, France
| | - Anne Godfroy
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Plouzané, France
| | - Ghislaine Henneke
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Plouzané, France
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11
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Dupraz V, Ménard D, Akcha F, Budzinski H, Stachowski-Haberkorn S. Toxicity of binary mixtures of pesticides to the marine microalgae Tisochrysis lutea and Skeletonema marinoi: Substance interactions and physiological impacts. Aquat Toxicol 2019; 211:148-162. [PMID: 30981038 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study screened binary mixtures of pesticides for potential synergistic interaction effects on growth of the marine microalgae Tisochrysis lutea and Skeletonema marinoi. It also examined the single and combined effects of three of the most toxic substances on microalgal physiology. Single substances were first tested on each microalgal species to determine their respective EC50 and concentration-response relationships. The toxicity of six and seven binary mixtures was then evaluated in microplate experiments on the growth of T. lutea and S. marinoi, respectively, using two mixture modelling approaches: isobolograms and the MIXTOX tool, based on Concentration Addition (CA) or Independent Action (IA) models. Significant cases of antagonism (for both species) and synergism (for S. marinoi) were observed for the mixtures of isoproturon and spiroxamine, and isoproturon and metazachlor, respectively. These two mixtures, together with that of isoproturon and diuron, for which additivity was observed, were further studied for their impacts on the physiology of each species. Exposures were thus made in culture flasks at three concentrations, or concentration combinations for mixtures, selected to cause 25%, 50% and 75% growth rate inhibition. The effects of the selected pesticides singly and in combination were evaluated at three perceived effect concentrations on esterase metabolic activity, relative lipid content, cytoplasmic membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content by flow cytometry, and on photosynthetic quantum yield (ϕ'M) by PAM-fluorescence. Isoproturon and diuron singly and in mixtures induced 20-40% decreases in ϕ'M which was in turn responsible for a significant decrease in relative lipid content for both species. Spiroxamine and metazachlor were individually responsible for an increase in relative lipid content (up to nearly 300% for metazachlor on S. marinoi), as well as cell depolarization and increased ROS content. The mixture of isoproturon and metazachlor tested on S. marinoi caused a 28-34% decrease in ϕ'M that was significantly higher than levels induced by each of substances when tested alone. This strong decrease in ϕ'M could be due to a combined effect of these substances on the photosynthetic apparatus, which is likely the cause of the synergy found for this mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dupraz
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes cedex 03, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Dominique Ménard
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France
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12
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Dupraz V, Stachowski-Haberkorn S, Wicquart J, Tapie N, Budzinski H, Akcha F. Demonstrating the need for chemical exposure characterisation in a microplate test system: toxicity screening of sixteen pesticides on two marine microalgae. Chemosphere 2019; 221:278-291. [PMID: 30640011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides used in viticulture create a potential risk for the aquatic environment due to drift during application, runoff and soil leaching. The toxicity of sixteen pesticides and one metabolite were evaluated on the growth of two marine microalgae, Tisochrysis lutea and Skeletonema marinoi, in 96-h exposure assays conducted in microplates. For each substance, concentrations of stock solutions were analytically measured and abiotic assays were performed to evaluate the chemical stability of pesticides in microplates. For two chemicals, microalgae exposures were run simultaneously in microplates and culture flasks to compare EC50 calculated from the two exposure systems. Results from chemical analyses demonstrated the low stability of hydrophobic pesticides (log KOW > 3). For such chemicals, EC50 values calculated using measured pesticide concentrations were two-fold lower than those first estimated using nominal concentrations. Photosystem II inhibitors were the most toxic herbicides, with EC50 values below 10 μg L-1 for diuron and around double this for isoproturon. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was the only insecticide to significantly affect the growth of T. lutea, with an EC50 around 400 μg L-1. All fungicides tested were significantly toxic to both species: strobilurins showed low overall toxicity, with EC50 values around 400 μg L-1, whereas quinoxyfen, and spiroxamine, showed high toxicity to both species, especially to T. lutea, with an EC50 below 1 μg L-1 measured for spiroxamine in culture flasks. This study highlights the need to perform chemical analyses for reliable toxicity assessment and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using microplates as a toxicity screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dupraz
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | | | - Jérémy Wicquart
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Nathalie Tapie
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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13
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Dupraz V, Stachowski-Haberkorn S, Ménard D, Limon G, Akcha F, Budzinski H, Cedergreen N. Combined effects of antifouling biocides on the growth of three marine microalgal species. Chemosphere 2018; 209:801-814. [PMID: 29960947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of the antifouling compounds diuron, irgarol, zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), copper pyrithione (CuPT) and copper was tested on the three marine microalgae Tisochrysis lutea, Skeletonema marinoi and Tetraselmis suecica. Toxicity tests based on the inhibition of growth rate after 96-h exposure were run using microplates. Chemical analyses were performed to validate the exposure concentrations and the stability of the compounds under test conditions. Single chemicals exhibited varying toxicity depending on the species, irgarol being the most toxic chemical and Cu the least toxic. Selected binary mixtures were tested and the resulting interactions were analyzed using two distinct concentration-response surface models: one using the concentration addition (CA) model as reference and two deviating isobole models implemented in R software; the other implementing concentration-response surface models in Excel®, using both CA and independent action (IA) models as reference and three deviating models. Most mixtures of chemicals sharing the same mode of action (MoA) were correctly predicted by the CA model. For mixtures of dissimilarly acting chemicals, neither of the reference models provided better predictions than the other. Mixture of ZnPT together with Cu induced a strong synergistic effect on T. suecica while strong antagonism was observed on the two other species. The synergy was due to the transchelation of ZnPT into CuPT in the presence of Cu, CuPT being 14-fold more toxic than ZnPT for this species. The two modelling approaches are compared and the differences observed among the interaction patterns resulting from the mixtures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dupraz
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | | | - Dominique Ménard
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Gwendolina Limon
- LABOCEA, Unité R&D, 120 Avenue de Rochon, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France; CNRS, UMR 5805, EPOC, Laboratoire de Physico Toxico Chimie de l'environnement, 351 Cours de la Libération, CS 10004, F-33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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14
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Sussarellu R, Lebreton M, Rouxel J, Akcha F, Rivière G. Copper induces expression and methylation changes of early development genes in Crassostrea gigas embryos. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 196:70-78. [PMID: 29353135 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper contamination is widespread along coastal areas and exerts adverse effects on marine organisms such as mollusks. In the Pacific oyster, copper induces severe developmental abnormalities during early life stages; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to better understand whether the embryotoxic effects of copper in Crassostrea gigas could be mediated by alterations in gene expression, and the putative role of DNA methylation, which is known to contribute to gene regulation in early embryo development. For that purpose, oyster embryos were exposed to 4 nominal copper concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 20 μg L-1 Cu2+) during early development assays. Embryotoxicity was monitored through the oyster embryo-larval bioassay at the D-larva stage 24 h post fertilization (hpf) and genotoxicity at gastrulation 7 hpf. In parallel, the relative expression of 15 genes encoding putative homeotic, biomineralization and DNA methylation proteins was measured at three developmental stages (3 hpf morula stage, 7 hpf gastrula stage, 24 hpf D-larvae stage) using RT-qPCR. Global DNA content in methylcytosine and hydroxymethylcytosine were measured by HPLC and gene-specific DNA methylation levels were monitored using MeDIP-qPCR. A significant increase in larval abnormalities was observed from copper concentrations of 10 μg L-1, while significant genotoxic effects were detected at 1 μg L-1 and above. All the selected genes presented a stage-dependent expression pattern, which was impaired for some homeobox and DNA methylation genes (Notochord, HOXA1, HOX2, Lox5, DNMT3b and CXXC-1) after copper exposure. While global DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine) at gastrula stage didn't show significant changes between experimental conditions, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, its degradation product, decreased upon copper treatment. The DNA methylation of exons and the transcript levels were correlated in control samples for HOXA1 but such a correlation was diminished following copper exposure. The methylation level of some specific gene regions (HoxA1, Hox2, Engrailed2 and Notochord) displayed changes upon copper exposure. Such changes were gene and exon-specific and no obvious global trends could be identified. Our study suggests that the embryotoxic effects of copper in oysters could involve homeotic gene expression impairment possibly by changing DNA methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France.
| | - Morgane Lebreton
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; UMR BOREA, Université Caen-Basse Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen 14032, France
| | - Julien Rouxel
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Rivière
- UMR BOREA, Université Caen-Basse Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen 14032, France
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15
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Bachère E, Barranger A, Bruno R, Rouxel J, Menard D, Piquemal D, Akcha F. Parental diuron-exposure alters offspring transcriptome and fitness in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 142:51-58. [PMID: 28388477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary challenges in ecotoxicology is to contribute to the assessment of the ecological status of ecosystems. In this study, we used Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to explore the effects of a parental exposure to diuron, a herbicide frequently detected in marine coastal environments. The present toxicogenomic study provides evidence that exposure of oyster genitors to diuron during gametogenesis results in changes in offspring, namely, transcriptomic profile alterations, increased global DNA methylation levels and reduced growth and survival within the first year of life. Importantly, we highlighted the limitations to identify particular genes or gene expression signatures that could serve as biomarkers for parental herbicide-exposure and further for multigenerational and transgenerational effects of specific chemical stressors. By analyzing samples from two independent experiments, we demonstrated that, due to complex confounding effects with both tested solvent vehicles, diuron non-specifically affected the offspring transcriptome. These original results question the potential development of predictive genomic tools for detecting specific indirect impacts of contaminants in environmental risk assessments. However, our results indicate that chronic environmental exposure to diuron over several generations may have significant long term impacts on oyster populations with adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Bachère
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interactions-Hosts-Pathogens-Environments, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Audrey Barranger
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Roman Bruno
- Acobiom, 1682 rue de la Valsière, CS 77394 Cap Delta Biopole Euromédecine II, 34184 Montpellier Cedex 04, France
| | - Julien Rouxel
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Dominique Menard
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - David Piquemal
- Acobiom, 1682 rue de la Valsière, CS 77394 Cap Delta Biopole Euromédecine II, 34184 Montpellier Cedex 04, France; Diag4Zoo, 1 rue des Loutres, 34170 Montpellier, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France
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16
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Burgeot T, Akcha F, Ménard D, Robinson C, Loizeau V, Brach-Papa C, Martínez-Gòmez C, Le Goff J, Budzinski H, Le Menach K, Cachot J, Minier C, Broeg K, Hylland K. Integrated monitoring of chemicals and their effects on four sentinel species, Limanda limanda, Platichthys flesus, Nucella lapillus and Mytilus sp., in Seine Bay: A key step towards applying biological effects to monitoring. Mar Environ Res 2017; 124:92-105. [PMID: 27839718 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The International workshop on Integrated Assessment of CONtaminants impacts on the North sea (ICON) provided a framework to validate the application of chemical and biological assessment thresholds (BACs and EACs) in the Seine Bay in France. Bioassays (oyster larval anomalies, Corophium arenarium toxicity assay and DR Calux) for sediment and biomarkers: ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), DNA strand breaks using the Comet assay, DNA adducts, micronucleus (MN), PAH metabolites, imposex, intersex and fish external pathologies were analysed in four marine sentinel species (Platichthys flesus, Limanda limanda, Mytilus sp. and Nucella lapilus). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals were analysed in biota and sediment. Results for sediment and four species in 2008-2009 made it possible to quantify the impact of contaminants using thresholds (Environmental Assessment Criteria/EAC2008: 70% and EAC2009: 60%) and effects (EAC2008: 50% and EAC2009: 40%) in the Seine estuary. The Seine estuary is ranked among Europe's most highly polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Burgeot
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France.
| | - Farida Akcha
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Dominique Ménard
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Craig Robinson
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Véronique Loizeau
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Christophe Brach-Papa
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gòmez
- Instituto Espagňol de Oceanografia, Oceanografic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jérémie Le Goff
- Adn'Tox, GRECAN, Centre François Baclesse, Avenue du Général Harris, 14076, Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Karine Le Menach
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Jérome Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory EPOC, UMR CNRS 5805, 33615, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Christophe Minier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology (LEMA), UMR SEBIO, University of Le Havre, 25 Rue P. Lebon, 76058, Le Havre, France
| | - Katja Broeg
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (BSH), Benhard-Nocht-Straße 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Pb 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Kammann U, Akcha F, Budzinski H, Burgeot T, Gubbins MJ, Lang T, Le Menach K, Vethaak AD, Hylland K. PAH metabolites in fish bile: From the Seine estuary to Iceland. Mar Environ Res 2017; 124:41-45. [PMID: 26970879 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are environmental contaminants that pose significant risk to health of fish. The International Workshop on Integrated Assessment of Contaminant Impacts on the North Sea (ICON) provided the framework to investigate biomarker responses as well as contaminant concentrations side by side in marine ecosystems. Concentrations of the main PAH metabolites 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxyphenanthren and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene were determined in bile by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Fish species under investigation were dab (Limanda limanda), flounder (Platichthys flesus) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). A contamination gradient was demonstrated from the low contaminated waters of Iceland and off-shore regions of the North Sea towards higher concentrations in coastal areas. Concentrations of PAH metabolites differed primarily according to sampling region and secondarily to species.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kammann
- Thünen Institut of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, D-22767, Hamburg & Deichstr. 12, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany.
| | - F Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - H Budzinski
- Université Bordeaux 1, Laboratory of Physico- and Toxico-Chemistry of the Environment (LPTC), Molecular Sciences Institute (ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
| | - T Burgeot
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - M J Gubbins
- FRS Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB Scotland, UK
| | - T Lang
- Thünen Institut of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, D-22767, Hamburg & Deichstr. 12, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - K Le Menach
- Université Bordeaux 1, Laboratory of Physico- and Toxico-Chemistry of the Environment (LPTC), Molecular Sciences Institute (ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, 33405 Talence, France
| | - A D Vethaak
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Pb 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
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18
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Rondon R, Grunau C, Fallet M, Charlemagne N, Sussarellu R, Chaparro C, Montagnani C, Mitta G, Bachère E, Akcha F, Cosseau C. Effects of a parental exposure to diuron on Pacific oyster spat methylome. Environ Epigenet 2017; 3:dvx004. [PMID: 29492306 PMCID: PMC5804544 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental epigenetic is an emerging field that studies the cause-effect relationship between environmental factors and heritable trait via an alteration in epigenetic marks. This field has received much attentions since the impact of environmental factors on different epigenetic marks have been shown to be associated with a broad range of phenotypic disorders in natural ecosystems. Chemical pollutants have been shown to affect immediate epigenetic information carriers of several aquatic species but the heritability of the chromatin marks and the consequences for long term adaptation remain open questions. In this work, we investigated the impact of the diuron herbicide on the DNA methylation pattern of spat from exposed Crassotrea gigas genitors. This oyster is one of the most important mollusk species produced worldwide and a key coastal economic resource in France. The whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS, BS-Seq) was applied to obtain a methylome at single nucleotide resolution on DNA extracted from spat issued from diuron exposed genitors comparatively to control spat. We showed that the parental diuron exposure has an impact on the DNA methylation pattern of its progeny. Most of the differentially methylated regions occurred within coding sequences and we showed that this change in methylation level correlates with RNA level only in a very small group of genes. Although the DNA methylation profile is variable between individuals, we showed conserved DNA methylation patterns in response to parental diuron exposure. This relevant result opens perspectives for the setting of new markers based on epimutations as early indicators of marine pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rondon
- Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Manon Fallet
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Nicolas Charlemagne
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Rossana Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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19
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Perrichon P, Le Menach K, Akcha F, Cachot J, Budzinski H, Bustamante P. Toxicity assessment of water-accommodated fractions from two different oils using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo-larval bioassay with a multilevel approach. Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:952-966. [PMID: 27312275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum compounds from chronic discharges and oil spills represent an important source of environmental pollution. To better understand the deleterious effects of these compounds, the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAF) from two different oils (brut Arabian Light and Erika heavy fuel oils) were used in this study. Zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) were exposed during 96h at three WAF concentrations (1, 10 and 100% for Arabian Light and 10, 50 and 100% for Erika) in order to cover a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, representative of the levels found after environmental oil spills. Several endpoints were recorded at different levels of biological organization, including lethal endpoints, morphological abnormalities, photomotor behavioral responses, cardiac activity, DNA damage and exposure level measurements (EROD activity, cyp1a and PAH metabolites). Neither morphological nor behavioral or physiological alterations were observed after exposure to Arabian Light fractions. In contrast, the Erika fractions led a high degree of toxicity in early life stages of zebrafish. Despite of defense mechanisms induced by oil, acute toxic effects have been recorded including mortality, delayed hatching, high rates of developmental abnormalities, disrupted locomotor activity and cardiac failures at the highest PAH concentrations (∑TPAHs=257,029±47,231ng·L(-1)). Such differences in toxicity are likely related to the oil composition. The use of developing zebrafish is a good tool to identify wide range of detrimental effects and elucidate their underlying foundations. Our work highlights once more, the cardiotoxic action (and potentially neurotoxic) of petroleum-related PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, L'Houmeau/Nantes, France; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMRi 7266, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, avenue des Facultés, F33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie, L'Houmeau/Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, avenue des Facultés, F33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, avenue des Facultés, F33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMRi 7266, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
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20
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Behrens D, Rouxel J, Burgeot T, Akcha F. Comparative embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of the herbicide diuron and its metabolites in early life stages of Crassostrea gigas: Implication of reactive oxygen species production. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 175:249-259. [PMID: 27078212 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are one of the major classes of pollutants contaminating coastal waters over the world. Among them, diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a phenylurea herbicide frequently detected in oyster-producing area, known to be toxic for this important exploited non-target species. With the aim to investigate the mechanisms by which diuron displays its toxicity in oyster, the implication of both biotransformation and oxygen reactive species (ROS) production was studied considering embryotoxicity and genotoxicity as endpoints. Comparative embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of diuron and its main metabolites (DCPMU, DCPU and 3,4-DCA) were thus studied on oyster larvae by the embryo-larval bioassay on D larvae and the comet assay on trochophore larvae, respectively. Exposures were also performed in presence and absence of known ROS scavenger compounds - ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine, to evaluate the involvement of oxyradicals in the toxic responses. In the case of diuron, the production of ROS on exposed oyster larvae was also measured using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate as a probe for flow cytometric analysis. The results we obtained showed the embryotoxicity and genotoxicity of diuron and its metabolites in early life stages of the Pacific oyster. For concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5μgL(-1), diuron appeared significantly more embryotoxic than DCPMU and DCPU (p<0.001). Embryotoxicity decreased with diuron metabolism as follows: diuron≥DCPMU=DCPU, highlighting that biotransformation can constitute a true detoxication pathways in oyster larvae by decreasing the toxicity of the parent compound. In the opposite, no difference was observed between diuron and its metabolites concerning larval development when considering a lower and more environmentally realistic range of concentrations (0.002-0.050μgL(-1)). 3,4-DCA was the only compound that did not show any sign of embryotoxicity, even at concentrations up to 5μgL(-1). Concerning genotoxicity, no significant difference was observed between diuron and all of its metabolites including 3, 4 DCA with damages detected from the concentration of 0.05μgL(-1). As for diuron, the toxicity of the metabolites seems to be mediated in some part by ROS production as clearly demonstrated by the decrease in genotoxicity and developmental abnormalities in the presence of the oxidant scavenger, ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Behrens
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes, cedex 03, France
| | - Julien Rouxel
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes, cedex 03, France
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes, cedex 03, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311 Nantes, cedex 03, France.
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21
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Rondon R, Akcha F, Alonso P, Menard D, Rouxel J, Montagnani C, Mitta G, Cosseau C, Grunau C. Transcriptional changes in Crassostrea gigas oyster spat following a parental exposure to the herbicide diuron. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 175:47-55. [PMID: 26994368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is the main oyster species produced in the world, and a key coastal economic resource in France. High mortalities affect Pacific oysters since 2008 in France and Europe. Their origins have been attributed to a combination of biotic and abiotic factors, underlining the importance of environment quality. The impact of water pollution has been pointed out and one of the pollutants, the genotoxic herbicide diuron, occurs at high concentrations all along the French coasts. Previous work has revealed that a parental exposure to diuron had a strong impact on hatching rates and offspring development even if spats were not exposed to diuron themselves. In this study, we explored for the first time the transcriptional changes occurring in oyster spats (non exposed) originating from genitors exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration of diuron during gametogenesis using the RNAseq methodology. We identified a transcriptomic remodeling revealing an effect of the herbicide. Different molecular pathways involved in energy production, translation and cell proliferation are particularly disturbed. This analysis revealed modulated candidate genes putatively involved in response to oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in offspring of genitors exposed to diuron. Complementary measures of the activity of enzymes involved in these latter processes corroborate the results obtained at the transcriptomic level. In addition, our results suggested an increase in energy production and mitotic activity in 5-month-spats from diuron-exposed genitors. These results could correspond to a "catch-up growth" phenomenon allowing the spats from diuron-exposed genitors, which displayed a growth delay at 3 months, to gain a normal size when they reach the age of 6 months. These results indicate that exposure to a concentration of diuron that is frequently encountered in the field during the oyster's gametogenesis stage can impact the next generation and may result in fitness disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rondon
- Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France; Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - F Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - P Alonso
- CNRS, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - D Menard
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - J Rouxel
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - C Montagnani
- Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - G Mitta
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - C Cosseau
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - C Grunau
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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22
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Akcha F, Barranger A, Bachère E, Berthelin CH, Piquemal D, Alonso P, Sallan RR, Dimastrogiovanni G, Porte C, Menard D, Szczybelski A, Benabdelmouna A, Auffret M, Rouxel J, Burgeot T. Effects of an environmentally relevant concentration of diuron on oyster genitors during gametogenesis: responses of early molecular and cellular markers and physiological impacts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:8008-8020. [PMID: 26780042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Genitors of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were submitted during gametogenesis to a short pulse exposure to the herbicide diuron at a realistic environmental concentration. Histological analysis showed no effect of diuron on gametogenesis course, sex ratio and reproductive effort. A non-significant increase in testosterone and progesterone levels was observed in genitors exposed to the herbicide. At cell level, diuron exposure was shown to modulate the phagocytic activity of circulating hemocytes. The results of a transcriptional analysis showed that diuron affected the expression of genes belonging to functions known to play a major role during oyster gametogenesis such as gene transcription regulation, DNA replication and repair, DNA methylation and cytokinesis. Taking into account the results we previously obtained on the same genitors, this study showed a negative effect of diuron on oyster reproduction by inducing both structural and functional modifications of the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France.
| | - A Barranger
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - E Bachère
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - C Heude Berthelin
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA, UMR 7208), Université de Caen Normandie, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IRD, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - D Piquemal
- Acobiom, 1682 rue de la Valsière, CS 77394 Cap Delta Biopole Euromédecine II, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 04, France
| | - P Alonso
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - R Rondon Sallan
- Ifremer, UMR 5244, IHPE Interaction Host Pathogen Environment, UPVD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CC 80, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - G Dimastrogiovanni
- IDAEA-CSIC, Environmental Chemistry Department, C/ Jordi Girona, 1808034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Porte
- IDAEA-CSIC, Environmental Chemistry Department, C/ Jordi Girona, 1808034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Menard
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - A Szczybelski
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - A Benabdelmouna
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologies, Rue de Mus de Loup, La Tremblade, 17390, France
| | - M Auffret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), UBO/CNRS/IRD/IFREMER, rue Dumont d'Urville, technopôle, Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - J Rouxel
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
| | - T Burgeot
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP21105, 44311, Nantes cedex 03, France
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Barranger A, Heude-Berthelin C, Rouxel J, Adeline B, Benabdelmouna A, Burgeot T, Akcha F. Parental exposure to the herbicide diuron results in oxidative DNA damage to germinal cells of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 180:23-30. [PMID: 26610786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution by pesticides has been identified as a possible contributing factor to the massive mortality outbreaks observed in Crassostrea gigas for several years. A previous study demonstrated the vertical transmission of DNA damage by subjecting oyster genitors to the herbicide diuron at environmental concentrations during gametogenesis. This trans-generational effect occurs through damage to genitor-exposed gametes, as measured by the comet-assay. The presence of DNA damage in gametes could be linked to the formation of DNA damage in other germ cells. In order to explore this question, the levels and cell distribution of the oxidized base lesion 8-oxodGuo were studied in the gonads of exposed genitors. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV and electrochemical detection analysis showed an increase in 8-oxodGuo levels in both male and female gonads after exposure to diuron. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed the presence of 8-oxodGuo at all stages of male germ cells, from early to mature stages. Conversely, the oxidized base was only present in early germ cell stages in female gonads. These results indicate that male and female genitors underwent oxidative stress following exposure to diuron, resulting in DNA oxidation in both early germ cells and gametes, such as spermatozoa, which could explain the transmission of diuron-induced DNA damage to offspring. Furthermore, immunostaining of early germ cells seems indicates that damages caused by exposure to diuron on germ line not only affect the current sexual cycle but also could affect future gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Barranger
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France; Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
| | - Clothilde Heude-Berthelin
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA, UMR 7208), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IRD, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Rouxel
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Béatrice Adeline
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA, UMR 7208), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IRD, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Abdellah Benabdelmouna
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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Perrichon P, Akcha F, Le Menach K, Goubeau M, Budzinski H, Cousin X, Bustamante P. Parental trophic exposure to three aromatic fractions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the zebrafish: Consequences for the offspring. Sci Total Environ 2015; 524-525:52-62. [PMID: 25889544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, PAH emissions due to extensive anthropogenic activities have risen sharply causing considerable pollution of aquatic ecosystems. This pollution represents a threat for organisms, among them are fish. Consequently, prenatal stress can have important repercussions, and may impact survival and population recruitment. To investigate this point, eggs were collected from zebrafish exposed during 6 months by trophic route to three aromatic fractions from two different origins, pyrolytic (PY) and petrogenic (light (BAL) and heavy (HFO) fractions) sources. Chronic dietary exposure of the parents was performed at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3×, 1× and 3×; 1× represents an environmental concentration measured in French estuary). In order to explore the consequences of parental exposure for the next first generation, toxic responses were studied in both embryos and larvae using a multiscale approach. Toxic effects were assessed by looking at hatching success, developmental abnormalities, photomotor response and heartbeat. The level of PAH metabolites and EROD activity in fish larvae were measured to assess exposure to PAHs. Egg production of parents was significantly reduced compared to the Control; hence little information was available for BAL and HFO offspring. The size of larvae from PY parents was found to increase despite a reduced yolk sac compared to Control larvae. Furthermore, a high level of behavioral stress was observed in larvae originating from parents exposed to three-fold the environmental concentration. The cardiac activity was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner for the PY exposure group. No effect was however observed on biotransformation markers (cyp1a, EROD), nor on the level of DNA damage for all PY, BAL and HFO offspring. The absence of significant differences in metabolite levels may indicate a potential early depuration of transferred compounds or no PAH-transmission. The disruptions observed at the individual level in the next generation could impact on the longer-term, surviving population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescilla Perrichon
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, L'Houmeau/Nantes, France; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMRi 7266, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, L'Houmeau/Nantes, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- Université de Bordeaux (EPOC, LPTC, UMR CNRS 5805), 351 Cours de la Libération, F33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Manon Goubeau
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, L'Houmeau/Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- Université de Bordeaux (EPOC, LPTC, UMR CNRS 5805), 351 Cours de la Libération, F33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, L'Houmeau/Nantes, France; INRA, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons, Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, UMRi 7266, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
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Pérez-García C, Rouxel J, Akcha F. Development of a comet-FISH assay for the detection of DNA damage in hemocytes of Crassostrea gigas. Aquat Toxicol 2015; 161:189-195. [PMID: 25710447 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the DNA-damaging effect of hydrogen peroxide on the structural integrity of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was studied for the first time by comet-FISH in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Global DNA damage was assessed in hemocytes using an alkaline version of the comet assay. Next, NOR sensitivity was analyzed by mapping major rDNA repeat unit by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on the same comet slides. Exposure of hemocytes to 100 μM of hydrogen peroxide induced a significant increase in both DNA damage and number of FISH-signals of major ribosomal genes versus the control. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was shown between DNA damage as measured by the comet assay (percentage of DNA in comet tail) and the number of signals present in comet tails. This study demonstrates the potential value of the comet-FISH assay for the study of DNA damage induced by genotoxicant exposure of target genes. It offers a perspective for better understanding the impact of genotoxicity on animal physiology and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pérez-García
- IFREMER, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - J Rouxel
- IFREMER, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - F Akcha
- IFREMER, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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Barranger A, Benabdelmouna A, Dégremont L, Burgeot T, Akcha F. Parental exposure to environmental concentrations of diuron leads to aneuploidy in embryos of the Pacific oyster, as evidenced by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Aquat Toxicol 2015; 159:36-43. [PMID: 25498420 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in normal chromosome numbers (i.e. aneuploidy) due to abnormal chromosome segregation may arise either spontaneously or as a result of chemical/radiation exposure, particularly during cell division. Coastal ecosystems are continuously subjected to various contaminants originating from urban, industrial and agricultural activities. Genotoxicity is common to several families of major environmental pollutants, including pesticides, which therefore represent a potential important environmental hazard for marine organisms. A previous study demonstrated the vertical transmission of DNA damage by subjecting oyster genitors to short-term exposure to the herbicide diuron at environmental concentrations during gametogenesis. In this paper, Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to further characterize diuron-induced DNA damage at the chromosomal level. rDNA genes (5S and 18-5.8-28S), previously mapped onto Crassostrea gigas chromosomes 4, 5 and 10, were used as probes on the interphase nuclei of embryo preparations. Our results conclusively show higher aneuploidy (hypo- or hyperdiploidy) level in embryos from diuron-exposed genitors, with damage to the three studied chromosomal regions. This study suggests that sexually developing oysters are vulnerable to diuron exposure, incurring a negative impact on reproductive success and oyster recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Barranger
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France; Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Abdellah Benabdelmouna
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
| | - Lionel Dégremont
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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Larcher T, Perrichon P, Vignet C, Ledevin M, Le Menach K, Lyphout L, Landi L, Clerandeau C, Lebihanic F, Ménard D, Burgeot T, Budzinski H, Akcha F, Cachot J, Cousin X. Chronic dietary exposure of zebrafish to PAH mixtures results in carcinogenic but not genotoxic effects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:13833-13849. [PMID: 24777325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants that can be present at high levels as mixtures in polluted aquatic environments. Many PAHs are potent mutagens and several are well-known carcinogens. Despite numerous studies on individual compounds, little is known about the toxicity of PAHs mixtures that are encountered in environmental situations. In the present work, zebrafish were continuously fed from 5 days post-fertilisation to 14 months post-fertilisation (mpf) with a diet spiked with fractions of either pyrolytic (PY), petrogenic light oil (LO), or petrogenic heavy oil (HO) origin at three concentrations. A decrease in survival was identified after 3 mpf in fish fed with the highest concentration of HO or LO, but not for PY. All PAH fractions caused preneoplastic and neoplastic disorders in long-term-exposed animals. Target tissues were almost exclusively of epithelial origin, with the bile duct epithelium being the most susceptible to chronic exposure to all PAH fractions, and with germ cells being the second most responsive cells. Significantly higher incidences of neoplasms were observed with increasing PAH concentration and exposure duration. The most severe carcinogenic effects were induced by dietary exposure to HO compared to exposure to LO or PY (45, 30 and 7 %, respectively, after 9 to 10 months of exposure to an intermediate concentration of PAHs). In contrast, earliest carcinogenic effects were detected as soon as 3 mpf after exposure to LO, including the lowest concentration, or to PY. PAH bioactivation and genotoxicity in blood was assessed by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity quantification and comet and micronuclei assays, respectively, but none of these were positive. Chronic dietary exposure of zebrafish to PAH mixtures results in carcinogenotoxic events that impair survival and physiology of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Larcher
- INRA, UMR 703 APEX, 44307, Nantes, France,
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28
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Barranger A, Akcha F, Rouxel J, Brizard R, Maurouard E, Pallud M, Menard D, Tapie N, Budzinski H, Burgeot T, Benabdelmouna A. Study of genetic damage in the Japanese oyster induced by an environmentally-relevant exposure to diuron: evidence of vertical transmission of DNA damage. Aquat Toxicol 2014; 146:93-104. [PMID: 24291084 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides represent a major proportion of the chemical pollutants detected in French coastal waters and hence a significant environmental risk with regards to marine organisms. Commercially-raised bivalves are particularly exposed to pollutants, among them pesticides, as shellfish farming zones are subject to considerable pressure from agricultural activities on the mainland. The aims of this study were to determine (1) the genotoxic effects of diuron exposure on oyster genitors and (2) the possible transmission of damaged DNA to offspring and its repercussions on oyster fitness. To investigate these points, oysters were exposed to concentrations of diuron close to those detected in the Marennes-Oleron Basin (two 7-day exposure pulses at 0.4 and 0.6 μg L(-1)) during the gametogenesis period. Genomic abnormalities were characterized using two complementary approaches. The Comet assay was applied for the measurement of early and reversible primary DNA damage, whereas flow cytometry was used to assess the clastogenic and aneugenic effect of diuron exposure. Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) were used in exposed and assay tanks to confirm the waterborne concentration of diuron reached during the experiment. The results obtained by the Comet assay clearly showed a higher level of DNA strand breaks in both the hemocytes and spermatozoa of diuron-exposed genitors. The transmission of damaged genetic material to gamete cells could be responsible for the genetic damage measured in offspring. Indeed, flow cytometry analyses showed the presence of DNA breakage and a significant decrease in DNA content in spat from diuron-exposed genitors. The transmission of DNA damage to the offspring could be involved in the negative effects observed on offspring development (decrease in hatching rate, higher level of larval abnormalities, delay in metamorphosis) and growth. In this study, the vertical transmission of DNA damage was so highlighted by subjecting oyster genitors to short exposures to diuron at medium environmental concentrations. The analysis of POCIS showed that oysters were exposed to integrated concentrations as low as 0.2 and 0.3 μg L(-1), emphasizing the relevance of the results obtained and the risk associated to chemical contamination for oyster recruitment and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barranger
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, F-17390 La Tremblade, France; Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - F Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - J Rouxel
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - R Brizard
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - E Maurouard
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - M Pallud
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - D Menard
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - N Tapie
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - H Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, EPOC UMR CNRS 5805, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - T Burgeot
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - A Benabdelmouna
- Ifremer, SG2M, Laboratory of Genetics and Pathology of Marine Molluscs, Avenue de Mus du Loup, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
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29
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Buffet PE, Richard M, Caupos F, Vergnoux A, Perrein-Ettajani H, Luna-Acosta A, Akcha F, Amiard JC, Amiard-Triquet C, Guibbolini M, Risso-De Faverney C, Thomas-Guyon H, Reip P, Dybowska A, Berhanu D, Valsami-Jones E, Mouneyrac C. A mesocosm study of fate and effects of CuO nanoparticles on endobenthic species (Scrobicularia plana, Hediste diversicolor). Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:1620-8. [PMID: 23240726 DOI: 10.1021/es303513r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The fate and effects of CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were examined in endobenthic species (Scrobicularia plana , Hediste diversicolor), under environmentally realistic conditions in outdoor mesocosms (exposure to Cu at 10 μg L(-1) in particulate (CuO NPs) or soluble salt (CuNO(3)) forms) for 21 days. Labile Cu was determined in water and sediment by using diffusive gradient in thin films. No labile Cu being detected from CuO NPs; the observed effects in invertebrates exposed to CuO NPs were mainly attributed to the toxicity of nanoparticulate rather than dissolved Cu toxicity. Bioaccumulation of CuO NPs was observed in both species. Biomarkers were examined at different levels of biological organization: biochemical markers of defense and damage, biomarkers of genotoxicity (comet assay), and behavioral biomarkers (feeding and burrowing). Behavioral biomarkers, antioxidant defenses (catalase, glutathion S-transferase, metallothionein), and genotoxicity are the most sensitive tools to highlight the effect of soluble or nanoparticulate metal forms. Concerning other biomarkers of defense (superoxide dismutase, lactate dehydrogenase, laccase) and damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, acetylcholinesterase, acid phosphatase), no significant effects were detected. This experiment shows the suitability of mesocosms for studying the environmental effects of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Buffet
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS), Université de Nantes et Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers, France
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30
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Le Dû-Lacoste M, Akcha F, Dévier MH, Morin B, Burgeot T, Budzinski H. Comparative study of different exposure routes on the biotransformation and genotoxicity of PAHs in the flatfish species, Scophthalmus maximus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:690-707. [PMID: 23247530 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, laboratory experiments were carried out in order to come to a better understanding of the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine environment and especially on their bioaccumulation, biotransformation and genotoxic effects in fish. Juveniles of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were exposed to PAHs through different routes via (1) a mixture of dissolved PAHs, (2) a PAH-polluted sediment and (3) an oil fuel elutriate. Fish were exposed 4 days followed by a 6-day depuration period. In each experiment, PAH concentrations in the seawater of the tanks were analysed regularly by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Muscle and liver samples were also analysed for parent PAH levels and PAH bioconcentration factors were calculated. Biotransformation was evaluated by measuring the levels of PAH metabolites in fish bile. Genotoxicity was assessed by the alkaline comet assay. Regardless of exposure route, the parent PAH concentrations in the liver and muscle showed a peak level 1 day after the beginning of the exposure, followed by a decrease up to the background level towards the end of the experiment, except for the exposure to dissolved PAHs for which levels were relatively low throughout the study. As a consequence, no bioaccumulation was observed in fish tissues at the end of the experiment. In contrast, regardless of exposure routes, a rapid production of biliary metabolites was observed throughout the whole exposure experiment. This was especially true for 1-hydroxypyrene, the major metabolite of pyrene. After 6 days of recovery in clean water, a significant decrease in the total metabolite concentrations occurred in bile. Fish exposed through either route displayed a significant increase in DNA strand breaks after 4 days of exposure, and significant correlations were observed between the level of biliary PAH metabolites and the level of DNA lesions in fish erythrocytes. Overall results indicate that exposure to either a mixture of dissolved PAHs, a PAH-contaminated sediment or a dispersed oil fuel elutriate leads to biotransformation and increase in DNA damage in fish. The quantification of PAH metabolites in bile and DNA damage in erythrocytes appear to be suitable for environmental monitoring of marine pollution either in the case of accidental oil spills or sediment contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Le Dû-Lacoste
- Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, EPOC, UMR 5805, CNRS, Laboratory of Physico- and Toxico-Chemistry of the Environment, LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence cedex, France
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31
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Wessel N, Ménard D, Pichavant-Rafini K, Ollivier H, Le Goff J, Burgeot T, Akcha F. Genotoxic and enzymatic effects of fluoranthene in microsomes and freshly isolated hepatocytes from sole (Solea solea). Aquat Toxicol 2012; 108:33-41. [PMID: 22036012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The fluoranthene (Fluo) is one of the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human food and in marine compartments. However, the existing data on its genotoxicity is poor and controversial. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the potential genotoxicity of Fluo in sole and its possible effect on CYP450 modulation. Freshly isolated hepatocytes were exposed for 24 h to a range of Fluo concentrations from 0.5 to 50 μM in both culture flasks and microplate wells. The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured as an indicator of the activity of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). The genotoxic effects were evaluated by measuring both DNA strand breaks and DNA adducts by the alkaline comet assay and the postlabeling technique respectively. Calf thymus DNA was also exposed to Fluo in the presence of sole liver microsomes in order to check for Fluo DNA adduct formation. In sole hepatocytes, Fluo was shown to induce a decrease in the EROD activity in a concentration-dependent manner. A significant genotoxic effect was observed in terms of DNA strand breakage from an exposure concentration of 5 μM: despite a concentration-dependent effect was observed, it did not follow a linear dose-response. The response was similar whatever the way of exposure in flasks or in wells. One reproducible adduct was detected in the hepatocytes exposed to the highest concentrations of Fluo. The formation of Fluo adducts was confirmed by the detection of one reproducible adduct following in vitro exposure of calf thymus DNA to 100 and 200 μM of Fluo in the presence of sole microsomes. These results demonstrate the potential of sole hepatocytes to metabolize Fluo in 24 h into reactive species, able to induce genotoxicity by DNA strand breakage and DNA adduct formation. Moreover, a miniaturized cell exposure system was validated for further experiments using fewer amounts of hepatocytes and contaminants, and allowing exposure to PAH metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wessel
- IFREMER, Département de Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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32
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Akcha F, Spagnol C, Rouxel J. Genotoxicity of diuron and glyphosate in oyster spermatozoa and embryos. Aquat Toxicol 2012; 106-107:104-13. [PMID: 22115909 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of genotoxicant exposure in gametes and embryos to find a possible link between genotoxicity and reproduction/developmental impairment, and explore the impact of chemical genotoxicity on population dynamics. Our study focused on the genotoxic effects of two herbicides on oyster gametes and embryos: glyphosate (both as an active substance and in the Roundup formulation) and diuron. France is Europe's leading consumer of agrochemical substances and as such, contamination of France's coastal waters by pesticides is a major concern. Glyphosate and diuron are among the most frequently detected herbicides in oyster production areas; as oyster is a specie with external reproduction, its gametes and embryos are in direct contact with the surrounding waters and are hence particularly exposed to these potentially dangerous substances. In the course of this study, differences in genotoxic and embryotoxic responses were observed in the various experiments, possibly due to differences in pollutant sensitivity between the tested genitor lots. Glyphosate and Roundup had no effect on oyster development at the concentrations tested, whereas diuron significantly affected embryo-larval development from the lowest tested concentration of 0.05 μg L⁻¹, i.e. an environmentally realistic concentration. Diuron may therefore have a significant impact on oyster recruitment rates in the natural environment. Our spermiotoxicity study revealed none of the tested herbicides to be cytotoxic for oyster spermatozoa. However, the alkaline comet assay showed diuron to have a significant genotoxic effect on oyster spermatozoa at concentrations of 0.05 μg L⁻¹ upwards. Conversely, no effects due to diuron exposure were observed on sperm mitochondrial function or acrosomal membrane integrity. Although our initial results showed no negative effect on sperm function, the possible impact on fertilization rate and the consequences of the transmission of damaged DNA for oyster development and physiological performances, requires further investigation. A likely hypothesis to explain the embryotoxic and genotoxic effects of diuron is that it may act via causing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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Wessel N, Santos R, Menard D, Le Menach K, Buchet V, Lebayon N, Loizeau V, Burgeot T, Budzinski H, Akcha F. Relationship between PAH biotransformation as measured by biliary metabolites and EROD activity, and genotoxicity in juveniles of sole (Solea solea). Mar Environ Res 2010; 69 Suppl:S71-S73. [PMID: 20417553 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the marine environment. Their toxicity is mainly linked to the ability of marine species to biotransform them into reactive metabolites. PAHs are thus often detected at trace levels in animal tissues. For biomonitoring purposes, this findings have two main consequences, (i) the determination of the PAH tissue concentration is not suitable for the evaluation of individual exposure to PAHs (ii) it can explain sometimes the lack of correlations obtained with relevant markers of toxicity such as genotoxicity biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to better investigate the link between PAH exposure and genotoxicity in marine flatfish. During a laboratory experiment, juvenile soles were exposed for four weeks to a mixture of three PAHs, namely benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, followed by one week of depuration. Fish were exposed via the trophic route to a daily PAH concentration of 120 μg/g food. Fish were sampled at different time points. The bioavailability and the biotransformation of PAHs were assessed by the measurement of biliary metabolites using a sensitive UPLC MS/MS method. The 7-ethoxyresorufine-O-deethylase was also measured in liver subcellular fractions as a biomarker of phase I biotransformation activities. Genotoxicity was assessed in parallel by the measurement of DNA strand breaks in fish erythrocytes by the alkaline comet assay. During this study, the high amount of PAH metabolites produced in sole demonstrated the bioavailability of PAHs and their biotransformation by fish enzymes. A positive correlation was observed between the level of hydroxylated PAH metabolites and genotoxicity as measured by the alkaline comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wessel
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, Nantes 03, France
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Abstract
The alkaline comet assay was tested on different microalgae: the dinoflagellates, Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium minutum, and the diatom, Chaetoceros gracilis. The microalgae were exposed during their exponential growth to the model direct genotoxicant, hydrogen peroxide (1h, 5 and 100muM H2O2). Following H2O2 exposure, the comet assay was validated only for K. mikimotoi for which genotoxicity was observed from the lowest tested concentration of 5 microM with a concentration-dependent effect. C. gracilis was too small in size (4 microm) to be correctly analysed. For A. minutum, our lysis buffer was not strong enough to digest the cellulosic thecal plates. For K. mikimotoi, the comet assay was thus applied for the study of the genotoxic effects of different pesticides: epoxiconazole (as Opus formulation), chlorpyriphos-ethyl (as Dursban formulation) and endosulfan at 1, 10 and 100 microg of active substance/L for 24h. Exposure to epoxiconazole in formulation resulted in an increase in the extent of DNA strand breaks at the highest tested concentration icro/L. Endosulfan exposure resulted in DNA damage for K. mikimotoi nuclei. Genotoxicity was observed from 1 microg/L of endosulfan and was not concentration dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- IFREMER, Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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Wessel N, Rousseau S, Caisey X, Quiniou F, Akcha F. Investigating the relationship between embryotoxic and genotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and endosulfan on Crassostrea gigas embryos. Aquat Toxicol 2007; 85:133-42. [PMID: 17904659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity biomarkers are widely measured in ecotoxicology as molecular toxic endpoints of major environmental pollutants. However, the long-term consequences of such damage still have to be elucidated. Some authors have suggested that the accumulation of unrepaired DNA lesions could explain the embryotoxicity of certain chemical pollutants. As embryotoxicity exerts a direct impact on the recruitment rate, genotoxicity could be closely related to disturbances of ecological concern and produce a possible impact upon population dynamics. The aim of the present work was to study the genotoxicity and the embryotoxicity of three relevant pollutants for oyster embryos: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the synthetic estrogenic hormone, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and the organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan (ES). For each substance, gamete fertilization was performed and embryo development followed in contaminated reference seawater. Following exposure, embryotoxicity was evaluated by calculating the percentage of abnormal D-larvae obtained at 20 h development. Genotoxicity was measured in parallel by conducting a comet assay on enzymatically dissociated cells of pre-shelled larvae (16 h development). The oxidized DNA base, 8-oxodGuo, was also measured by HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection. For each contaminant, the relationship between genotoxicity and embryotoxicity was then studied to check for the possible significance of genotoxicity in the population dynamics of marine bivalves from polluted areas. For BaP, embryotoxicity and DNA strand breakage were both observed from the lowest tested concentration of 0.2 nM. Induction of 8-oxodGuo was significant from 20 nM. Endosulfan exposure resulted in similar effects for oyster embryos but from higher concentrations and followed a concentration-dependent manner. Embryotoxicity and genotoxicity in terms of DNA strand breaks were observed for endosulfan from 300 and 150 nM, respectively. No change in 8-oxodGuo level was observed following endosulfan exposure. EE2 displayed no toxic effect for oyster embryos within the range of tested concentrations (from 0.02 to 1.7 nM). Taking into account all the data collected during this study, a positive and significant correlation was demonstrated in oyster embryos between genotoxicity as measured by the comet assay and embryotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wessel
- Ifremer, Département de Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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Akcha F, Leday G, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A. Measurement of DNA adducts and strand breaks in dab (Limanda limanda) collected in the field: effects of biotic (age, sex) and abiotic (sampling site and period) factors on the extent of DNA damage. Mutat Res 2004; 552:197-207. [PMID: 15288552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2004] [Accepted: 05/07/2004] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In the Eastern English Channel, the potential application of the comet assay and post-labelling technique in dab was evaluated for genotoxicity monitoring of the marine environment. The effects of biotic (age, sex) and abiotic (sampling site and period) factors on the extent of DNA lesions were also studied. Female and male dab of two class of size (juvenile and adult) were collected by trawling in different sites in Seine Bay and Somme Bay during September 2001. Single-strand breaks and adducts were, respectively, measured in erythrocytes and the liver. Results obtained for the adult female were compared with those collected during a first cruise in March 2001 [Akcha et al., Mutat Res. 534 (1-2) (2003) 21]. Significant effects of sex and age were demonstrated on the level of strand breaks. Moreover, a significant interaction between age and sex was shown that might indicate the complex influence of other factors on the extent of DNA damage (i.e. reproduction status). In the adult dab, the level of breaks is higher in the male than in the female, whereas the opposite trend was observed for the juvenile. Whatever the sex, the number of DNA breaks is higher in the adult than in the juvenile. For the female dab, significant differences were observed with the comet assay between the Seine Bay and the Somme Bay in March but not in September. This may be due to seasonal variations in the formation of DNA lesions related to variations in lipid content and levels of biotransformation activities and/or to spawning cycles. The presence of genotoxic substances in the study areas was also confirmed by the detection of DNA adducts in each sample analysed. Whereas no effect was shown on the total level of adducts for the tested biotic and abiotic factors, qualitative differences in adduct profiles were observed for each of these factors. For the female dab, comparison of adduct profiles obtained in March and September with one generated by hepatic microsomal activation in dab of a PAH mixture indicated a PAH contamination of the study areas in autumn. These results show the importance of studying the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the genotoxic endpoints considered to correctly assess the contribution of chemical contamination to the measured biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- IFREMER, Département des Polluants Chimiques, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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Akcha F, Tanguy A, Leday G, Pelluhet L, Budzinski H, Chiffoleau JF. Measurement of DNA single-strand breaks in gill and hemolymph cells of mussels, Mytilus sp., collected on the French Atlantic Coast. Mar Environ Res 2004; 58:753-756. [PMID: 15178110 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA single-strand breaks were measured by the comet assay in both gill and hemolymph cells of mussels collected in 3 sampling areas of the French coast (Pointe du Castelli, Pen Bron and Saint-Nazaire Harbour). Whole mussel tissue samples were also collected for the chemical determination of PAH, PCB and heavy metal concentrations. In mussel, a higher level of DNA strand breaks was measured in gill than in hemolymph cells (p < 0.01). Despite a factor of contamination from 2 to 3 between sites, no difference in the extent of mussel DNA strand breaks was shown between sampling locations (p > 0.05), questioning the sensitivity of the assays used in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- IFREMER, Département des Polluants Chimiques, Rue de l'lle d'Yeu, BP 21105, Nantes Cedex 03 44311, France.
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Akcha F, Vincent Hubert F, Pfhol-Leszkowicz A. Potential value of the comet assay and DNA adduct measurement in dab (Limanda limanda) for assessment of in situ exposure to genotoxic compounds. Mutat Res 2003; 534:21-32. [PMID: 12504752 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(02)00244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An in situ study of the relationship between marine contamination and genotoxic effects was performed on female dab (Limanda limanda) collected from different sites in the eastern English Channel (France) known to be contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). DNA adducts in liver and DNA strand breaks in blood cells were determined respectively by the nuclease P1-enhanced post-labelling technique and an alkaline version of the comet assay. The extent of DNA base oxidation was also assessed for three of the six sampling sites in the study, using a comet assay in combination with a specific DNA repair enzyme, formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg).With Comet data, two groups of sites that seem in accordance with the pollution level have been distinguished. The extent of DNA strand breaks was higher in adult than juvenile female dab. From a technical point of view, comet assay sensitivity was affected by high intra-individual variability that accounted for nearly 70% of total variance (the site factor represented no more than 26%). The combined use of the comet assay and Fpg showed the presence of DNA oxidised bases in environmentally exposed dab.Although qualitative differences between the sampling sites were observed in DNA adduct profiles, no significant differences were found for total DNA adduct levels. DNA adducts did not appear to be associated with PAH exposure. Histopathological studies showed hepatic steatosis in most of the animals examined. Only one pre-cancerous lesion (an early stage of hyperplasia) was detected (associated frequency of 0.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- IFREMER, Département des Polluants Chimiques, Nantes, France.
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Akcha F, Izuel C, Venier P, Budzinski H, Burgeot T, Narbonne J. Enzymatic biomarker measurement and study of DNA adduct formation in benzo. Aquat Toxicol 2000; 49:269-287. [PMID: 10854671 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(99)00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge on the metabolic pathways involved in benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) activation and on the relationship between adduct levels and enzymatic biomarker activities. With this purpose, a model to assess pollutant exposure via food supply has been developed for the sentinel organism, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were fed for 4 weeks with B[a]P-contaminated feed (50 mg/kg dry weight mussel). Bioaccumulation was studied by determination of B[a]P concentration in whole mussel by GC/MS analysis. Different biomarkers of pollutant exposure were measured to assess the metabolic state of the exposed organisms. CYP1A-like immunopositive protein titration and B[a]P hydroxylase (BPH) activity were assessed as indicators of phase I biotransformation. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was measured as an indicator of the conjugation activities. Catalase (CAT) and DT-diaphorase (DTD) activities were assessed as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress, whereas acetylthiocholine esterase (AChE) activity was measured as an indication of possible neurotoxicity of B[a]P exposure. DNA adduct levels were determined in digestive gland DNA by applying the 32P-postlabeling technique with nuclease P1 enhancement. For the developed conditions of exposure, B[a]P concentration reached in whole mussel tissues was very high (>500 mg/kg d.w. mussel) and significant B[a]P-induced changes were recorded for each enzymatic biomarkers. BPH and CAT activities were significantly increased by B[a]P exposure, whereas GST in the gills, DTD and AChE were significantly depressed. On the other hand, no change in CYP1A-like immunopositive protein content was observed. Induction and increase with time of bulky B[a]P-related DNA adducts were demonstrated in the digestive gland, although at low levels (0.269+/-0.082 adduct/10e8 dNps at maximum) by the 32P-postlabeling assay. DNA adduct level was significantly correlated with whole mussel tissue B[a]P concentration, so were all the enzymatic biomarkers measured except to GST activity in both gill and digestive gland tissues. BPH, DTD, CAT and AChE displayed a strong correlation with adduct levels. These results demonstrate the neurotoxicity and the genotoxicity of B[a]P exposure in the mussel. The induction of bulky DNA adducts in mussels demonstrates the existence of activation pathways already identified in vertebrates. It validates also the suitability of this model for further studies on B[a]P metabolism in mussels. Our results support the proposal of BPH, AChE, DTD and CAT activities as suitable biomarkers of PAH exposure for these sentinel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Laboratory of Physico and Toxicochemistry of Natural Systems, UPRESA 5472 CNRS, University of Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, 33 405, Talence, France
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Akcha F, Burgeot T, Venier P, Narbonne JF. Relationship between kinetics of benzo[a]pyrene bioaccumulation and DNA binding in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1999; 62:455-462. [PMID: 10094729 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Akcha
- Laboratory of Physico and Toxicochemistry of Natural Systems, UPRESA 5472 CNRS, University of Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
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Abstract
1. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that mussels (Mytilus edulis) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) possess a highly conserved region constituting one or more genes of the ATP-dependent transmembrane transporter family to which belong the mammalian tumor cell genes responsible for multi-drug resistance. 2. Monoclonal antibody C219 visualized two proteins (220 and 240 kDa) which varied quantitatively in mussels depending on the level of organic pollution at the sampling sites. 3. The authors consider whether certain pollutants in the marine environment are capable of inducing pollutant-resistant gene expression.
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