1
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Feron S, Malhotra A, Bansal S, Fluet-Chouinard E, McNicol G, Knox SH, Delwiche KB, Cordero RR, Ouyang Z, Zhang Z, Poulter B, Jackson RB. Recent increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme methane fluxes driven by changes in climate and vegetation in boreal and temperate wetland ecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17131. [PMID: 38273508 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to increase global methane (CH4 ) emissions from wetland ecosystems. Although in situ eddy covariance (EC) measurements at ecosystem scales can potentially detect CH4 flux changes, most EC systems have only a few years of data collected, so temporal trends in CH4 remain uncertain. Here, we use established drivers to hindcast changes in CH4 fluxes (FCH4 ) since the early 1980s. We trained a machine learning (ML) model on CH4 flux measurements from 22 [methane-producing sites] in wetland, upland, and lake sites of the FLUXNET-CH4 database with at least two full years of measurements across temperate and boreal biomes. The gradient boosting decision tree ML model then hindcasted daily FCH4 over 1981-2018 using meteorological reanalysis data. We found that, mainly driven by rising temperature, half of the sites (n = 11) showed significant increases in annual, seasonal, and extreme FCH4 , with increases in FCH4 of ca. 10% or higher found in the fall from 1981-1989 to 2010-2018. The annual trends were driven by increases during summer and fall, particularly at high-CH4 -emitting fen sites dominated by aerenchymatous plants. We also found that the distribution of days of extremely high FCH4 (defined according to the 95th percentile of the daily FCH4 values over a reference period) have become more frequent during the last four decades and currently account for 10-40% of the total seasonal fluxes. The share of extreme FCH4 days in the total seasonal fluxes was greatest in winter for boreal/taiga sites and in spring for temperate sites, which highlights the increasing importance of the non-growing seasons in annual budgets. Our results shed light on the effects of climate warming on wetlands, which appears to be extending the CH4 emission seasons and boosting extreme emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Feron
- Knowledge Infrastructures, Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota, USA
| | - Etienne Fluet-Chouinard
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kyle B Delwiche
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Raul R Cordero
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zutao Ouyang
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford, California, USA
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2
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Bansal S, Creed IF, Tangen BA, Bridgham SD, Desai AR, Krauss KW, Neubauer SC, Noe GB, Rosenberry DO, Trettin C, Wickland KP, Allen ST, Arias-Ortiz A, Armitage AR, Baldocchi D, Banerjee K, Bastviken D, Berg P, Bogard MJ, Chow AT, Conner WH, Craft C, Creamer C, DelSontro T, Duberstein JA, Eagle M, Fennessy MS, Finkelstein SA, Göckede M, Grunwald S, Halabisky M, Herbert E, Jahangir MMR, Johnson OF, Jones MC, Kelleway JJ, Knox S, Kroeger KD, Kuehn KA, Lobb D, Loder AL, Ma S, Maher DT, McNicol G, Meier J, Middleton BA, Mills C, Mistry P, Mitra A, Mobilian C, Nahlik AM, Newman S, O’Connell JL, Oikawa P, van der Burg MP, Schutte CA, Song C, Stagg CL, Turner J, Vargas R, Waldrop MP, Wallin MB, Wang ZA, Ward EJ, Willard DA, Yarwood S, Zhu X. Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes. Wetlands (Wilmington) 2023; 43:105. [PMID: 38037553 PMCID: PMC10684704 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Irena F. Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian A. Tangen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Scott D. Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Scott C. Neubauer
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Gregory B. Noe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | | | - Carl Trettin
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kimberly P. Wickland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Scott T. Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Anna R. Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Kakoli Banerjee
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput, Odisha India
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Alex T. Chow
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - William H. Conner
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Courtney Creamer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Tonya DelSontro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Jamie A. Duberstein
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Meagan Eagle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | | | | | - Mathias Göckede
- Department for Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Grunwald
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Olivia F. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH USA
| | - Miriam C. Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences and Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Kroeger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Kevin A. Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - David Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Amanda L. Loder
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shizhou Ma
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Damien T. Maher
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jacob Meier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Beth A. Middleton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Christopher Mills
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Purbasha Mistry
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Courtney Mobilian
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Amanda M. Nahlik
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Sue Newman
- South Florida Water Management District, Everglades Systems Assessment Section, West Palm Beach, FL USA
| | - Jessica L. O’Connell
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Patty Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Max Post van der Burg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Charles A. Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Camille L. Stagg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Marcus B. Wallin
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Eric J. Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Debra A. Willard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Stephanie Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
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3
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Chang KY, Riley WJ, Collier N, McNicol G, Fluet-Chouinard E, Knox SH, Delwiche KB, Jackson RB, Poulter B, Saunois M, Chandra N, Gedney N, Ishizawa M, Ito A, Joos F, Kleinen T, Maggi F, McNorton J, Melton JR, Miller P, Niwa Y, Pasut C, Patra PK, Peng C, Peng S, Segers A, Tian H, Tsuruta A, Yao Y, Yin Y, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhu Q, Zhu Q, Zhuang Q. Observational constraints reduce model spread but not uncertainty in global wetland methane emission estimates. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:4298-4312. [PMID: 37190869 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent rise in atmospheric methane (CH4 ) concentrations accelerates climate change and offsets mitigation efforts. Although wetlands are the largest natural CH4 source, estimates of global wetland CH4 emissions vary widely among approaches taken by bottom-up (BU) process-based biogeochemical models and top-down (TD) atmospheric inversion methods. Here, we integrate in situ measurements, multi-model ensembles, and a machine learning upscaling product into the International Land Model Benchmarking system to examine the relationship between wetland CH4 emission estimates and model performance. We find that using better-performing models identified by observational constraints reduces the spread of wetland CH4 emission estimates by 62% and 39% for BU- and TD-based approaches, respectively. However, global BU and TD CH4 emission estimate discrepancies increased by about 15% (from 31 to 36 TgCH4 year-1 ) when the top 20% models were used, although we consider this result moderately uncertain given the unevenly distributed global observations. Our analyses demonstrate that model performance ranking is subject to benchmark selection due to large inter-site variability, highlighting the importance of expanding coverage of benchmark sites to diverse environmental conditions. We encourage future development of wetland CH4 models to move beyond static benchmarking and focus on evaluating site-specific and ecosystem-specific variabilities inferred from observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yu Chang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nathan Collier
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyle B Delwiche
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Marielle Saunois
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Naveen Chandra
- Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research (IACE), JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nicola Gedney
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Joint Centre for Hydrometeorological Research, Wallingford, UK
| | - Misa Ishizawa
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Federico Maggi
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joe McNorton
- Research Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Miller
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yosuke Niwa
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
- Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chiara Pasut
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Prabir K Patra
- Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Changhui Peng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biology Sciences, University of Québec at Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Arjo Segers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aki Tsuruta
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuanzhi Yao
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Division of Geophysical and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, Indiana, West Lafayette, USA
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4
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Ueyama M, Knox SH, Delwiche KB, Bansal S, Riley WJ, Baldocchi D, Hirano T, McNicol G, Schafer K, Windham-Myers L, Poulter B, Jackson RB, Chang KY, Chen J, Chu H, Desai AR, Gogo S, Iwata H, Kang M, Mammarella I, Peichl M, Sonnentag O, Tuittila ES, Ryu Y, Euskirchen ES, Göckede M, Jacotot A, Nilsson MB, Sachs T. Modeled production, oxidation, and transport processes of wetland methane emissions in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2313-2334. [PMID: 36630533 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH4 , but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co-occurrence of CH4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data-model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Our data-constrained model-iPEACE-reasonably reproduced CH4 emissions at 19 of the 25 sites with normalized root mean square error of 0.59, correlation coefficient of 0.82, and normalized standard deviation of 0.87. Among the three processes, CH4 production appeared to be the most important process, followed by oxidation in explaining inter-site variations in CH4 emissions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, CH4 emissions were generally more sensitive to decreased water table than to increased gross primary productivity or soil temperature. For periods with leaf area index (LAI) of ≥20% of its annual peak, plant-mediated transport appeared to be the major pathway for CH4 transport. Contributions from ebullition and diffusion were relatively high during low LAI (<20%) periods. The lag time between CH4 production and CH4 emissions tended to be short in fen sites (3 ± 2 days) and long in bog sites (13 ± 10 days). Based on a principal component analysis, we found that parameters for CH4 production, plant-mediated transport, and diffusion through water explained 77% of the variance in the parameters across the 19 sites, highlighting the importance of these parameters for predicting wetland CH4 emissions across biomes. These processes and associated parameters for CH4 emissions among and within the wetlands provide useful insights for interpreting observed net CH4 fluxes, estimating sensitivities to biophysical variables, and modeling global CH4 fluxes.
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Grants
- JPMXD1420318865 Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II
- 1936752 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- 1503912 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- 1107892 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- NSF DEB-1026415 Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation
- DEB-1636476 Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation
- California Department of Water Resources, CA Fish and Wildlife
- Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund
- 3119871 ICOS-Finland
- 20K21849 JSPS KAKENHI
- 2022003640002 Ministry of Environment of Korea
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs
- NSF LTREB 2011276 NSF Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology Program
- Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- PJ014892022022 Rural Development Administration
- SNO Tourbières, CNRS-INSU
- DE-AC02-05CH11231 U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Land Change Science Program
- 7544821 US DOE Ameriflux
- Order 224 US Geological Survey, Research Work
- VH-NG-821 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
- 341348 Academy of Finland project N-PERM
- 101056921 Horizon Europe project GreenFeedBack
- U.S. Geological Survey, John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Earth Systems Processes Division
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kyle B Delwiche
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karina Schafer
- Department of Earth and Env Science, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kuang-Yu Chang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jiquen Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Dept of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sébastien Gogo
- ECOBIO (Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution), Université Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Minseok Kang
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugénie S Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Mathias Göckede
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
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5
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Kasak K, Espenberg M, Anthony TL, Tringe SG, Valach AC, Hemes KS, Silver WL, Mander Ü, Kill K, McNicol G, Szutu D, Verfaillie J, Baldocchi DD. Restoring wetlands on intensive agricultural lands modifies nitrogen cycling microbial communities and reduces N 2O production potential. J Environ Manage 2021; 299:113562. [PMID: 34425499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nitrous oxide (N2O), an ozone-depleting greenhouse gas, is rapidly increasing in the atmosphere. Most atmospheric N2O originates in terrestrial ecosystems, of which the majority can be attributed to microbial cycling of nitrogen in agricultural soils. Here, we demonstrate how the abundance of nitrogen cycling genes vary across intensively managed agricultural fields and adjacent restored wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California, USA. We found that the abundances of nirS and nirK genes were highest at the intensively managed organic-rich cornfield and significantly outnumber any other gene abundances, suggesting very high N2O production potential. The quantity of nitrogen transforming genes, particularly those responsible for denitrification, nitrification and DNRA, were highest in the agricultural sites, whereas nitrogen fixation and ANAMMOX was strongly associated with the wetland sites. Although the abundance of nosZ genes was also high at the agricultural sites, the ratio of nosZ genes to nir genes was significantly higher in wetland sites indicating that these sites could act as a sink of N2O. These findings suggest that wetland restoration could be a promising natural climate solution not only for carbon sequestration but also for reduced N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuno Kasak
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Geography, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Geography, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tyler L Anthony
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex C Valach
- Climate and Agriculture Group, Agroscope, Switzerland
| | | | - Whendee L Silver
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ülo Mander
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Geography, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Keit Kill
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Geography, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daphne Szutu
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Verfaillie
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dennis D Baldocchi
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Berkeley, CA, USA
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6
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Zhang (张臻) Z, Poulter B, Knox S, Stavert A, McNicol G, Fluet-Chouinard E, Feinberg A, Zhao (赵园红) Y, Bousquet P, Canadell JG, Ganesan A, Hugelius G, Hurtt G, Jackson RB, Patra PK, Saunois M, Höglund-Isaksson L, Huang (黄春林) C, Chatterjee A, Li (李新) X. Anthropogenic emission is the main contributor to the rise of atmospheric methane during 1993–2017. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab200. [PMID: 35547958 PMCID: PMC9084358 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations have shown a puzzling resumption in growth since 2007 following a period of stabilization from 2000 to 2006. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the temporal variations in CH4 growth, and attribute the rise of atmospheric CH4 either to increases in emissions from fossil fuel activities, agriculture and natural wetlands, or to a decrease in the atmospheric chemical sink. Here, we use a comprehensive ensemble of CH4 source estimates and isotopic δ13C-CH4 source signature data to show that the resumption of CH4 growth is most likely due to increased anthropogenic emissions. Our emission scenarios that have the fewest biases with respect to isotopic composition suggest that the agriculture, landfill and waste sectors were responsible for 53 ± 13% of the renewed growth over the period 2007–2017 compared to 2000–2006; industrial fossil fuel sources explained an additional 34 ± 24%, and wetland sources contributed the least at 13 ± 9%. The hypothesis that a large increase in emissions from natural wetlands drove the decrease in atmospheric δ13C-CH4 values cannot be reconciled with current process-based wetland CH4 models. This finding suggests the need for increased wetland measurements to better understand the contemporary and future role of wetlands in the rise of atmospheric methane and climate feedback. Our findings highlight the predominant role of anthropogenic activities in driving the growth of atmospheric CH4 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang (张臻)
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ann Stavert
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | | | - Aryeh Feinberg
- Institute for Data, Systems and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yuanhong Zhao (赵园红)
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Philippe Bousquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environment, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anita Ganesan
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RL, UK
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - George Hurtt
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prabir K Patra
- Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan
| | - Marielle Saunois
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environment, LSCE-IPSL (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Lena Höglund-Isaksson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg A-2361, Austria
| | - Chunlin Huang (黄春林)
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Xin Li (李新)
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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7
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Knox SH, Bansal S, McNicol G, Schafer K, Sturtevant C, Ueyama M, Valach AC, Baldocchi D, Delwiche K, Desai AR, Euskirchen E, Liu J, Lohila A, Malhotra A, Melling L, Riley W, Runkle BRK, Turner J, Vargas R, Zhu Q, Alto T, Fluet-Chouinard E, Goeckede M, Melton JR, Sonnentag O, Vesala T, Ward E, Zhang Z, Feron S, Ouyang Z, Alekseychik P, Aurela M, Bohrer G, Campbell DI, Chen J, Chu H, Dalmagro HJ, Goodrich JP, Gottschalk P, Hirano T, Iwata H, Jurasinski G, Kang M, Koebsch F, Mammarella I, Nilsson MB, Ono K, Peichl M, Peltola O, Ryu Y, Sachs T, Sakabe A, Sparks JP, Tuittila ES, Vourlitis GL, Wong GX, Windham-Myers L, Poulter B, Jackson RB. Identifying dominant environmental predictors of freshwater wetland methane fluxes across diurnal to seasonal time scales. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:3582-3604. [PMID: 33914985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere, they represent a large source of uncertainty in the global CH4 budget due to the complex biogeochemical controls on CH4 dynamics. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first multi-site synthesis of how predictors of CH4 fluxes (FCH4) in freshwater wetlands vary across wetland types at diel, multiday (synoptic), and seasonal time scales. We used several statistical approaches (correlation analysis, generalized additive modeling, mutual information, and random forests) in a wavelet-based multi-resolution framework to assess the importance of environmental predictors, nonlinearities and lags on FCH4 across 23 eddy covariance sites. Seasonally, soil and air temperature were dominant predictors of FCH4 at sites with smaller seasonal variation in water table depth (WTD). In contrast, WTD was the dominant predictor for wetlands with smaller variations in temperature (e.g., seasonal tropical/subtropical wetlands). Changes in seasonal FCH4 lagged fluctuations in WTD by ~17 ± 11 days, and lagged air and soil temperature by median values of 8 ± 16 and 5 ± 15 days, respectively. Temperature and WTD were also dominant predictors at the multiday scale. Atmospheric pressure (PA) was another important multiday scale predictor for peat-dominated sites, with drops in PA coinciding with synchronous releases of CH4 . At the diel scale, synchronous relationships with latent heat flux and vapor pressure deficit suggest that physical processes controlling evaporation and boundary layer mixing exert similar controls on CH4 volatilization, and suggest the influence of pressurized ventilation in aerenchymatous vegetation. In addition, 1- to 4-h lagged relationships with ecosystem photosynthesis indicate recent carbon substrates, such as root exudates, may also control FCH4. By addressing issues of scale, asynchrony, and nonlinearity, this work improves understanding of the predictors and timing of wetland FCH4 that can inform future studies and models, and help constrain wetland CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheel Bansal
- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karina Schafer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University Newark, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cove Sturtevant
- National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Alex C Valach
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Delwiche
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eugenie Euskirchen
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Jinxun Liu
- Western Geographic Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lulie Melling
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - William Riley
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R K Runkle
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tuula Alto
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mathias Goeckede
- Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Timo Vesala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Eric Ward
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Feron
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Santiago, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Zutao Ouyang
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Mika Aurela
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jiquan Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, & Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Pia Gottschalk
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | | | - Minseok Kang
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Keisuke Ono
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olli Peltola
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Jed P Sparks
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Guan X Wong
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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8
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Chang KY, Riley WJ, Knox SH, Jackson RB, McNicol G, Poulter B, Aurela M, Baldocchi D, Bansal S, Bohrer G, Campbell DI, Cescatti A, Chu H, Delwiche KB, Desai AR, Euskirchen E, Friborg T, Goeckede M, Helbig M, Hemes KS, Hirano T, Iwata H, Kang M, Keenan T, Krauss KW, Lohila A, Mammarella I, Mitra B, Miyata A, Nilsson MB, Noormets A, Oechel WC, Papale D, Peichl M, Reba ML, Rinne J, Runkle BRK, Ryu Y, Sachs T, Schäfer KVR, Schmid HP, Shurpali N, Sonnentag O, Tang ACI, Torn MS, Trotta C, Tuittila ES, Ueyama M, Vargas R, Vesala T, Windham-Myers L, Zhang Z, Zona D. Substantial hysteresis in emergent temperature sensitivity of global wetland CH 4 emissions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2266. [PMID: 33859182 PMCID: PMC8050324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wetland methane (CH4) emissions ([Formula: see text]) are important in global carbon budgets and climate change assessments. Currently, [Formula: see text] projections rely on prescribed static temperature sensitivity that varies among biogeochemical models. Meta-analyses have proposed a consistent [Formula: see text] temperature dependence across spatial scales for use in models; however, site-level studies demonstrate that [Formula: see text] are often controlled by factors beyond temperature. Here, we evaluate the relationship between [Formula: see text] and temperature using observations from the FLUXNET-CH4 database. Measurements collected across the globe show substantial seasonal hysteresis between [Formula: see text] and temperature, suggesting larger [Formula: see text] sensitivity to temperature later in the frost-free season (about 77% of site-years). Results derived from a machine-learning model and several regression models highlight the importance of representing the large spatial and temporal variability within site-years and ecosystem types. Mechanistic advancements in biogeochemical model parameterization and detailed measurements in factors modulating CH4 production are thus needed to improve global CH4 budget assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yu Chang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Mika Aurela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND, USA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kyle B Delwiche
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eugenie Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Thomas Friborg
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | - Manuel Helbig
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Département de Géographie & Centre d'Études Nordiques, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kyle S Hemes
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Minseok Kang
- National Center for AgroMeteorology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Trevor Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ken W Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsink, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsink, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bhaskar Mitra
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Akira Miyata
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Asko Noormets
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Walter C Oechel
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dario Papale
- DIBAF, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michele L Reba
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Delta Water Management Research Service, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Janne Rinne
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Benjamin R K Runkle
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karina V R Schäfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hans Peter Schmid
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Narasinha Shurpali
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Maaninka, Finland
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de Géographie & Centre d'Études Nordiques, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Margaret S Torn
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Trotta
- DIBAF, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, Viterbo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, CMCC IAFES, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Timo Vesala
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsink, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmosphere and Earth System Research, Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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9
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Bidlack AL, Bisbing SM, Buma BJ, Diefenderfer HL, Fellman JB, Floyd WC, Giesbrecht I, Lally A, Lertzman KP, Perakis SS, Butman DE, D'Amore DV, Fleming SW, Hood EW, Hunt BPV, Kiffney PM, McNicol G, Menounos B, Tank SE. Climate-Mediated Changes to Linked Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems across the Northeast Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest Margin. Bioscience 2021. [PMCID: PMC8169312 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal margins are important areas of materials flux that link terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Consequently, climate-mediated changes to coastal terrestrial ecosystems and hydrologic regimes have high potential to influence nearshore ocean chemistry and food web dynamics. Research from tightly coupled, high-flux coastal ecosystems can advance understanding of terrestrial–marine links and climate sensitivities more generally. In the present article, we use the northeast Pacific coastal temperate rainforest as a model system to evaluate such links. We focus on key above- and belowground production and hydrological transport processes that control the land-to-ocean flow of materials and their influence on nearshore marine ecosystems. We evaluate how these connections may be altered by global climate change and we identify knowledge gaps in our understanding of the source, transport, and fate of terrestrial materials along this coastal margin. Finally, we propose five priority research themes in this region that are relevant for understanding coastal ecosystem links more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Bidlack
- Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, Alaska, United States, when this article was prepared. Bidlack is presently affiliated with the National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, United States
| | - Sarah M Bisbing
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada–Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Brian J Buma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, in the United States
| | - Heida L Diefenderfer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sequim, Washington, and with the University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jason B Fellman
- Alaska Coastal Rainforest Center, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, Alaska, United States, when this article was prepared. Bidlack is presently affiliated with the National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, Alaska, United States
| | - William C Floyd
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations and with Vancouver Island University in Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Giesbrecht
- Hakai Institute in Heriot Bay, British Columbia, and with the School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amritpal Lally
- Vancouver Island University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ken P Lertzman
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steven S Perakis
- US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - David E Butman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences and with Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - David V D'Amore
- US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Juneau, Alaska, United States
| | - Sean W Fleming
- Water Resources Graduate Program and the College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and with the Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; he is also now with the National Water and Climate Center of the US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Eran W Hood
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, Alaska, United States
| | - Brian P V Hunt
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, and with the Hakai Institute, in Heriot Bay, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter M Kiffney
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Watershed Program, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Brian Menounos
- Department of Geography, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suzanne E Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, in Canada
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10
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McNicol G, Knox SH, Guilderson TP, Baldocchi DD, Silver WL. Where old meets new: An ecosystem study of methanogenesis in a reflooded agricultural peatland. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:772-785. [PMID: 31710754 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reflooding formerly drained peatlands has been proposed as a means to reduce losses of organic matter and sequester soil carbon for climate change mitigation, but a renewal of high methane emissions has been reported for these ecosystems, offsetting mitigation potential. Our ability to interpret observed methane fluxes in reflooded peatlands and make predictions about future flux trends is limited due to a lack of detailed studies of methanogenic processes. In this study we investigate methanogenesis in a reflooded agricultural peatland in the Sacramento Delta, California. We use the stable-and radio-carbon isotopic signatures of wetland sediment methane, ecosystem-scale eddy covariance flux observations, and laboratory incubation experiments, to identify which carbon sources and methanogenic production pathways fuel methanogenesis and how these processes are affected by vegetation and seasonality. We found that the old peat contribution to annual methane emissions was large (~30%) compared to intact wetlands, indicating a biogeochemical legacy of drainage. However, fresh carbon and the acetoclastic pathway still accounted for the majority of methanogenesis throughout the year. Although temperature sensitivities for bulk peat methanogenesis were similar between open-water (Q10 = 2.1) and vegetated (Q10 = 2.3) soils, methane production from both fresh and old carbon sources showed pronounced seasonality in vegetated zones. We conclude that high methane emissions in restored wetlands constitute a biogeochemical trade-off with contemporary carbon uptake, given that methane efflux is fueled primarily by fresh carbon inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin McNicol
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas P Guilderson
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Dennis D Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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11
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McNicol G, Sturtevant CS, Knox SH, Dronova I, Baldocchi DD, Silver WL. Effects of seasonality, transport pathway, and spatial structure on greenhouse gas fluxes in a restored wetland. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:2768-2782. [PMID: 27888548 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands can influence global climate via greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O). Few studies have quantified the full GHG budget of wetlands due to the high spatial and temporal variability of fluxes. We report annual open-water diffusion and ebullition fluxes of CO2 , CH4 , and N2 O from a restored emergent marsh ecosystem. We combined these data with concurrent eddy-covariance measurements of whole-ecosystem CO2 and CH4 exchange to estimate GHG fluxes and associated radiative forcing effects for the whole wetland, and separately for open-water and vegetated cover types. Annual open-water CO2 , CH4 , and N2 O emissions were 915 ± 95 g C-CO2 m-2 yr-1 , 2.9 ± 0.5 g C-CH4 m-2 yr-1 , and 62 ± 17 mg N-N2 O m-2 yr-1 , respectively. Diffusion dominated open-water GHG transport, accounting for >99% of CO2 and N2 O emissions, and ~71% of CH4 emissions. Seasonality was minor for CO2 emissions, whereas CH4 and N2 O fluxes displayed strong and asynchronous seasonal dynamics. Notably, the overall radiative forcing of open-water fluxes (3.5 ± 0.3 kg CO2 -eq m-2 yr-1 ) exceeded that of vegetated zones (1.4 ± 0.4 kg CO2 -eq m-2 yr-1 ) due to high ecosystem respiration. After scaling results to the entire wetland using object-based cover classification of remote sensing imagery, net uptake of CO2 (-1.4 ± 0.6 kt CO2 -eq yr-1 ) did not offset CH4 emission (3.7 ± 0.03 kt CO2 -eq yr-1 ), producing an overall positive radiative forcing effect of 2.4 ± 0.3 kt CO2 -eq yr-1 . These results demonstrate clear effects of seasonality, spatial structure, and transport pathway on the magnitude and composition of wetland GHG emissions, and the efficacy of multiscale flux measurement to overcome challenges of wetland heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin McNicol
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | | | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Iryna Dronova
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dennis D Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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