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Mead G, Graham C, Lundström E, Hankey GJ, Hackett ML, Billot L, Näsman P, Forbes J, Dennis M. Individual patient data meta-analysis of the effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke. Int J Stroke 2024:17474930241242628. [PMID: 38497332 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241242628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three large randomized controlled trials of fluoxetine for stroke recovery have been performed. We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDM) on the combined data. METHODS Fixed effects meta-analyses were performed on the combined data set, for the primary outcome (modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 6 months), and secondary outcomes common to the individual trials. As a sensitivity analysis, summary statistics from each trial were created and combined. FINDINGS The three trials recruited a combined total of 5907 people (mean age 69.5 years (SD 12.3), 2256 (38%) females, 2-15 days post-stroke) from Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Sweden, and Vietnam; and randomized them to fluoxetine 20 mg daily or matching placebo for 6 months. Data on 5833 (98.75%) were available at 6 months. The adjusted ordinal comparison of mRS was similar in the two groups (common OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.05, p = 0.37). There were no statistically significant interactions between the minimization variables (baseline probability of being alive and independent at 6 months, time to treatment, motor deficit, or aphasia) and pre-specified subgroups (including age, pathological type, inability to assess mood, proxy or patient consent, baseline depression, country). Fluoxetine increased seizure risk (2.64% vs 1.8%, p = 0.03), falls with injury (6.26% vs 4.51%, p = 0.03), fractures (3.15% vs 1.39%, p < 0.0001) and hyponatremia (1.22% vs 0.61%, p = 0.01) but reduced new depression (10.05% vs 13.42%, p < 0.0001). At 12 months, there was no difference in adjusted mRS (n = 5760; common OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.07). Sensitivity analyses gave the same results. INTERPRETATION Fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months did not improve functional recovery. It increased seizures, falls with injury, and bone fractures but reduced depression frequency at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Mead
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catriona Graham
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility at the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Erik Lundström
- Neurology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maree L Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, Barangaroo, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Laurent Billot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Per Näsman
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Mead G. Shared decision making in older people after severe stroke. Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae017. [PMID: 38364821 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and lifelong disability. Although stroke treatments have improved, many patients are left with life-changing deficits. Shared decision making and consent are fundamental to good medical practice. This is challenging because stroke often causes mental incapacity, prior views might not be known and prognosis early after stroke is often uncertain. There are no large trials of shared decision making after severe stroke, so we need to rely on observational data to inform practice. Core ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice must underpin our decision making. 'Surrogate' decision makers will need to be involved if a patient lacks capacity, and prior expressed views and values and beliefs need to be taken into account in decision making. Patients and surrogates often feel shocked at the sudden nature of stroke, and experience grief including anticipatory grief. Health care professionals need to acknowledge these feelings and provide support, be clear about what decisions need to be made and provide sufficient information about the stroke, and the risks and benefits of treatments being considered. Shared decision making can be emotionally difficult for health care professionals and so working in a supportive environment with compassionate leadership is important. Further research is needed to better understand the nature of grief and what sort of psychological support would be most helpful. Large randomised trials of shared decision making are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Mead
- Ageing and Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
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English C, Simpson DB, Billinger SA, Churilov L, Coupland KG, Drummond A, Kuppuswamy A, Kutlubaev MA, Lerdal A, Mahmood A, Moseley GL, Pittman QJ, Riley EA, Sutherland BA, Wong CHY, Corbett D, Mead G. A roadmap for research in post-stroke fatigue: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable. Int J Stroke 2024; 19:133-144. [PMID: 37424273 PMCID: PMC10811972 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231189135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fatigue affects almost half of all people living with stroke. Stroke survivors rank understanding fatigue and how to reduce it as one of the highest research priorities. METHODS We convened an interdisciplinary, international group of clinical and pre-clinical researchers and lived experience experts. We identified four priority areas: (1) best measurement tools for research, (2) clinical identification of fatigue and potentially modifiable causes, (3) promising interventions and recommendations for future trials, and (4) possible biological mechanisms of fatigue. Cross-cutting themes were aphasia and the voice of people with lived experience. Working parties were formed and structured consensus building processes were followed. RESULTS We present 20 recommendations covering outcome measures for research, development, and testing of new interventions and priority areas for future research on the biology of post-stroke fatigue. We developed and recommend the use of the Stroke Fatigue Clinical Assessment Tool. CONCLUSIONS By synthesizing current knowledge in post-stroke fatigue across clinical and pre-clinical fields, our work provides a roadmap for future research into post-stroke fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Dawn B Simpson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten G Coupland
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Avril Drummond
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Anners Lerdal
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amreen Mahmood
- Faculty of Health, Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ellyn A Riley
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Connie HY Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Roger Guindon Hall, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian Mead
- Ageing and Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ali M, Tibble H, Brady MC, Quinn TJ, Sunnerhagen KS, Venketasubramanian N, Shuaib A, Pandyan A, Mead G. Validation of general pain scores from multidomain assessment tools in stroke. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1328832. [PMID: 38333610 PMCID: PMC10851776 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1328832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We describe how well general pain reported in multidomain assessment tools correlated with pain-specific assessment tools; associations between general pain, activities of daily living and independence after stroke. Materials and methods Analyses of individual participant data (IPD) from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA) described correlation coefficients examining (i) direct comparisons of assessments from pain-specific and multidomain assessment tools that included pain, (ii) indirect comparisons of pain assessments with the Barthel Index (BI) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and (iii) whether pain identification could be enhanced by accounting for reported usual activities, self-care, mobility and anxiety/depression; factors associated with pain. Results European Quality of Life 3- and 5-Level (EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L), RAND 36 Item Health Survey 1.0 (SF-36) or the 0-10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were available from 10/94 studies (IPD = 10,002). The 0-10 NPRS was the only available pain-specific assessment tool and was a reference for comparison with other tools. Pearson correlation coefficients between the 0-10 NPRS and (A) the EQ-5D-3L and (B) EQ5D-5 L were r = 0.572 (n = 436) and r = 0.305 (n = 1,134), respectively. mRS was better aligned with pain by EQ-5D-3L (n = 8,966; r = 0.340) than by SF-36 (n = 623; r = 0.318). BI aligned better with pain by SF-36 (n = 623; r = -0.320). Creating a composite score using the EQ-5D 3 L and 5 L comprising pain, mobility, usual-activities, self-care and anxiety/depression did not improve correlation with the 0-10 NPRS. Discussion The EQ-5D-3L pain domain aligned better than the EQ-5D-5L with the 0-10 NPRS and may inform general pain description where resources and assessment burden hinder use of additional, pain-specific assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myzoon Ali
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- NMAHP Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Tibble
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marian C. Brady
- NMAHP Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Terence J. Quinn
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina S. Sunnerhagen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anand Pandyan
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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English C, Simpson DB, Billinger SA, Churilov L, Coupland KG, Drummond A, Kuppuswamy A, Kutlubaev MA, Lerdal A, Mahmood A, Moseley GL, Pittman QJ, Riley EA, Sutherland BA, Wong CHY, Corbett D, Mead G. A roadmap for research in post-stroke fatigue: Consensus-based core recommendations from the third Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:7-18. [PMID: 37837346 PMCID: PMC10798034 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231209170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fatigue affects almost half of all people living with stroke. Stroke survivors rank understanding fatigue and how to reduce it as one of the highest research priorities. METHODS We convened an interdisciplinary, international group of clinical and pre-clinical researchers and lived experience experts. We identified four priority areas: (1) best measurement tools for research, (2) clinical identification of fatigue and potentially modifiable causes, (3) promising interventions and recommendations for future trials, and (4) possible biological mechanisms of fatigue. Cross-cutting themes were aphasia and the voice of people with lived experience. Working parties were formed and structured consensus building processes were followed. RESULTS We present 20 recommendations covering outcome measures for research, development, and testing of new interventions and priority areas for future research on the biology of post-stroke fatigue. We developed and recommend the use of the Stroke Fatigue Clinical Assessment Tool. CONCLUSIONS By synthesizing current knowledge in post-stroke fatigue across clinical and pre-clinical fields, our work provides a roadmap for future research into post-stroke fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Dawn B Simpson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Centre, University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centre, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Department of Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten G Coupland
- Heart and Stroke Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Avril Drummond
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Anners Lerdal
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amreen Mahmood
- Faculty of Health, Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ellyn A Riley
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Connie HY Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Roger Guindon Hall, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian Mead
- Ageing and Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Komber A, Chu SH, Zhao X, Komber H, Halbesma N, Mead G. Non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of post-stroke fatigue: A systematic review. Int J Stroke 2023:17474930231221480. [PMID: 38062564 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231221480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) affects 50% of stroke survivors. Current guidance on management of this condition is limited. AIMS This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify and analyze all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of PSF. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Six electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2023 for English-language RCTs investigating the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions versus passive controls in patients with PSF. The primary outcome was fatigue severity at the end of the intervention. The Cochrane risk-of-bias (ROB)2 tool was used to assess evidence quality. A total of 7990 records were retrieved, 333 studies were scrutinized, and 13 completed RCTs (484 participants) were included. Interventions included psychological therapies, physical therapies, and brain stimulation. Nine studies provided sufficient data for meta-analysis, of which seven also had follow-up data. Fatigue severity was lower in the intervention groups at the end of the intervention compared with control (participants = 310, standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.57, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (-0.87 to -0.28)) and at follow-up (participants = 112, SMD = -0.36, 95% CIs (-0.83 to 0.10)). Certainty in the effect estimate was downgraded to low for a serious ROB and imprecision. Subgroup analysis revealed significant benefits with physical therapy and brain stimulation but not psychological therapies, though sample sizes were low. CONCLUSION Non-pharmacological interventions improved fatigue but the quality of evidence was low. Further RCTs are needed for PSF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Komber
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuk Han Chu
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Hend Komber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Gillian Mead
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ali M, Tibble H, Brady MC, Quinn TJ, Sunnerhagen KS, Venketasubramanian N, Shuaib A, Pandyan A, Mead G. Prevalence, Trajectory, and Predictors of Poststroke Pain: Retrospective Analysis of Pooled Clinical Trial Data Set. Stroke 2023; 54:3107-3116. [PMID: 37916457 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poststroke pain remains underdiagnosed and inadequately managed. To inform the optimum time to initiate interventions, we examined prevalence, trajectory, and participant factors associated with poststroke pain. METHODS Eligible studies from the VISTA (Virtual International Stroke Trials Archives) included an assessment of pain. Analyses of individual participant data examined demography, pain, mobility, independence, language, anxiety/depression, and vitality. Pain assessments were standardized to the European Quality of Life Scale (European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Level) pain domain, describing no, moderate, or extreme pain. We described pain prevalence, associations between participant characteristics, and pain using multivariable models. RESULTS From 94 studies (n>48 000 individual participant data) in VISTA, 10 (n=10 002 individual participant data) included a pain assessment. Median age was 70.0 years (interquartile range [59.0-77.1]), 5560 (55.6%) were male, baseline stroke severity was National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 10 (interquartile range [7-15]). Reports of extreme pain ranged between 3% and 9.5% and were highest beyond 2 years poststroke (31/328 [9.5%]); pain trajectory varied by study. Poorer independence was significantly associated with presence of moderate or extreme pain (5 weeks-3 months odds ratio [OR], 1.5 [95% CI, 1.4-1.6]; 4-6 months OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3-2.1]; >6 months OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.2-2.0]), and increased severity of pain (5 weeks-3 months: OR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.2]; 4-6 months OR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.1-1.2]; >6 months, OR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.2]), after adjusting for covariates. Anxiety/depression and lower vitality were each associated with pain severity. CONCLUSIONS Between 3% and 9.5% of participants reported extreme poststroke pain; the presence and severity of pain were independently associated with dependence at each time point. Future studies could determine whether and when interventions may reduce the prevalence and severity of poststroke pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myzoon Ali
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.A., T.J.Q.)
- NMAHP Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, United Kingdom (M.A., M.C.B.)
| | | | - Marian C Brady
- NMAHP Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, United Kingdom (M.A., M.C.B.)
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.A., T.J.Q.)
| | - Katharina S Sunnerhagen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (K.S.S.)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (K.S.S.)
| | | | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.S.)
| | - Anand Pandyan
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom (A.P.)
| | - Gillian Mead
- Division of Health Sciences, Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.M.)
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Jolly AA, Zainurin A, Mead G, Markus HS. Neuroimaging correlates of post-stroke fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:1051-1062. [PMID: 37485902 PMCID: PMC10614177 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231192214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom following stroke, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. Associations with a number of imaging features have been proposed. AIMS We aimed to assess whether neuroimaging parameters could better inform our understanding of possible causes of post-stroke fatigue (PSF) through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Using a predefined protocol registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022303168), we searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycInfo for studies assessing PSF and computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We extracted neuroimaging parameters and narratively analyzed study results to assess any association with PSF. Where there were 3+ similar studies, we carried out a meta-analysis using inverse-variance random-effects model to estimate the total association of each neuroimaging parameter on PSF. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle and Ottawa Scale. RESULTS We identified 46 studies (N = 6543); in many studies, associations with fatigue were secondary or subanalyses (28.3%). Imaging parameters were assessed across eight variables: lesion lateralization, lesion location, lesion volume, brain atrophy, infarct number, cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), and network measures. Most variables showed no conclusive evidence for any association with fatigue. Meta-analysis, where possible, showed no association of the following with PSF; left lesion lateralization (OR: 0.88, 95% CI (0.64, 1. 22) (p = 0.45)), infratentorial lesion location (OR: 1.83, 95% CI (0.63, 5.32) (p = 0.27)), and WMH (OR: 1.21, 95% CI (0.84, 1.75) (p = 0.29)). Many studies assessed lesion location with mixed findings; only one used voxel-symptom lesion-mapping (VSLM). Some small studies suggested an association between altered functional brain networks, namely frontal, fronto-striato-thalamic, and sensory processing networks, with PSF. CONCLUSION There was little evidence for the association between any neuroimaging parameters and PSF. Future studies should utilize advanced imaging techniques to fully understand the role of lesion location in PSF, while the role of altered brain networks in mediating PSF merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Jolly
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adriana Zainurin
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Chu SH, Zhao X, Komber A, Cheyne J, Wu S, Cowey E, Kutlubaev M, Mead G. Systematic review: Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of post-stroke fatigue. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:1071-1083. [PMID: 37676040 PMCID: PMC10614171 DOI: 10.1177/17474930231196648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) affects around 50% of stroke survivors. Previous systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials found insufficient evidence to guide practice, but most excluded Chinese studies. Furthermore, their searches are now out-of-date. AIMS To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of pharmacological interventions for treating PSF. METHODS We screened Airitri, CNKI, VIP, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, CENTRAL, Cochrane Stroke Group Trial Register, EMBASE, EU Clinical Trial Register, ISRCTN, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Wanfang, and WHO ICTRP up to 11 November 2022. Our primary outcome was fatigue severity. We conducted subgroup analysis by drug type and sensitivity analysis after excluding the trials at high risk of bias. Secondary outcomes included mood and quality of life. RESULTS We screened 33,297 citations and identified 10 published completed trials, 6 unpublished completed trials, and 6 ongoing trials. Pharmacological treatments were associated with lower fatigue severity at the end of treatment (10 published completed trials, 600 participants, pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.29 to -0.31; I2 = 86%, p < 0.00001), but not at follow-up (265 participants, pooled SMD = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.38 to 0.10; I2 = 0, p = 0.51). However, these trials were small and had considerable risk of bias. Beneficial effects were seen in trials with low risk of bias on randomization, missing outcome data, and reporting bias. There were insufficient data on secondary outcomes for meta-analysis, but six trials reported improved quality of life. CONCLUSION There is insufficient evidence to support a particular pharmacological treatment for PSF, thus current clinical guidelines do not require amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk Han Chu
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmad Komber
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joshua Cheyne
- Library Services, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Simiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Eileen Cowey
- Nursing & Health Care School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mansur Kutlubaev
- Department of Neurology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Gillian Mead
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Johansson JF, Shannon R, Mossabir R, Airlie J, Ozer S, Moreau LA, Farrin A, Mead G, English C, Fitzsimons CF, Clarke DJ, Forster A. Intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour and improve outcomes after stroke (Get Set Go): a study protocol for the process evaluation of a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (RECREATE). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075363. [PMID: 37699629 PMCID: PMC10503356 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke survivors spend long periods of time engaging in sedentary behaviour (SB) even when their functional recovery is good. In the RECREATE programme, an intervention aimed at reducing SB ('Get Set Go') will be implemented and evaluated in a pragmatic external pilot cluster randomised controlled trial with embedded process and economic evaluations. We report the protocol for the process evaluation which will address the following objectives: (1) describe and clarify causal assumptions about the intervention, and its mechanisms of impact; (2) assess implementation fidelity; (3) explore views, perceptions and acceptability of the intervention to staff, stroke survivors and their carers; (4) establish the contextual factors that influence implementation, intervention mechanisms and outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This pilot trial will be conducted in 15 UK-based National Health Service stroke services. This process evaluation study, underpinned by the Medical Research Council guidance, will be undertaken in six of the randomised services (four intervention, two control). Data collection includes the following: observations of staff training sessions, non-participant observations in inpatient and community settings, semi-structured interviews with staff, patients and carers, and documentary analysis of key intervention components. Additional quantitative implementation data will be collected in all sites. Training observations and documentary analysis data will be summarised, with other observational and interview data analysed using thematic analysis. Relevant theories will be used to interpret the findings, including the theoretical domains framework, normalisation process theory and the theoretical framework of acceptability. Anticipated outputs include the following: recommendations for intervention refinements (both content and implementation); a revised implementation plan and a refined logic model. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by Yorkshire & The Humber - Bradford Leeds Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 19/YH/0403). Findings will be disseminated via peer review publications, and national and international conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN82280581.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Faye Johansson
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rosie Shannon
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rahena Mossabir
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jennifer Airlie
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Seline Ozer
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Lauren A Moreau
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Amanda Farrin
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire F Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health and Research Centre, Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Clarke
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Academic Unit of Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Airlie J, Burton LJ, Copsey B, English C, Farrin A, Fitzsimons CF, Holloway I, Horrocks J, Johansson JF, Mead G, Moreau LA, Ozer S, Patel A, Yaziji N, Forster A. RECREATE: a study protocol for a multicentre pilot cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) in UK stroke services evaluating an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors (Get Set Go) with embedded process and economic evaluations. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074607. [PMID: 37518078 PMCID: PMC10387637 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sedentary behaviour (sitting or lying during waking hours without being otherwise active) is strongly associated with adverse health outcomes, including all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality in adults. Stroke survivors are consistently reported as being more sedentary than healthy age-matched controls, spending more hours sedentary daily and sustaining longer unbroken bouts of sedentary time. An evidence-based and clinically feasible intervention ('Get Set Go') was developed. A pragmatic definitive trial to evaluate Get Set Go was planned; however, due to the unprecedented effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on National Health Service (NHS) services this study was reduced in size and scope to become an external pilot trial. We report the protocol for this external pilot trial, which aims to undertake a preliminary exploration of whether Get Set Go is likely to improve ability to complete extended activities of daily living in the first year post-stroke and inform future trial designs in stroke rehabilitation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a pragmatic, multicentre, two-arm, external pilot cluster randomised controlled trial with embedded process and economic evaluations. UK-based stroke services will be randomised 1:1 to the intervention (usual care plus Get Set Go) or control (usual care) arm. Fifteen stroke services will recruit 300-400 stroke inpatient and carer participants, with follow-up at 6, 12 and 24 months. The proposed primary endpoint is stroke survivor self-reported Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale at 12 months. Endpoint analyses will be exploratory and provide preliminary estimates of intervention effect. The process evaluation will provide valuable information on intervention fidelity, acceptability and how it can be optimised. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by Yorkshire and The Humber - Bradford-Leeds Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 19/YH/0403). Results will be disseminated through journal publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial was registered prospectively on 01 April 2020 (ISRCTN ref: ISRCTN82280581).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Airlie
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Louisa-Jane Burton
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Bethan Copsey
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, The University of Newcastle Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Farrin
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire F Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health and Research Centre, Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ivana Holloway
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Horrocks
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jessica Faye Johansson
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lauren A Moreau
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, Clinical Trials Research Unit (CTRU), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Seline Ozer
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Anita Patel
- Anita Patel Health Economics Consulting Ltd, London, UK
| | - Nahel Yaziji
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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Bernhardt J, Corbett D, Dukelow S, Savitz S, Solomon JM, Stockley R, Sunnerhagen KS, Verheyden G, Walker M, Murphy MA, Bonkhoff AK, Cadilhac D, Carmichael ST, Dalton E, Dancause N, Edwards J, English C, Godecke E, Hayward K, Kamalakannan S, Kim J, Kwakkel G, Lang CE, Lannin N, Levin M, Lynch E, Mead G, Saa JP, Ward N. The International Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Alliance. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:295-296. [PMID: 36931801 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bernhardt
- Stroke Theme, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health-Austin Campus, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Dale Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Dukelow
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sean Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease at UTHealth-Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M Solomon
- Centre for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rachel Stockley
- School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Katharina S Sunnerhagen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Geert Verheyden
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Walker
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Margit Alt Murphy
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Dominique Cadilhac
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Dalton
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Numa Dancause
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jodi Edwards
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Godecke
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kate Hayward
- Stroke Theme, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health-Austin Campus, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sureshkumar Kamalakannan
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Joosup Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Catherine E Lang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natasha Lannin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mindy Levin
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lynch
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gillian Mead
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juan Pablo Saa
- Stroke Theme, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health-Austin Campus, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Nick Ward
- Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Mead G, Gillespie D, Barber M, House A, Lewis S, Ensor H, Wu S, Chalder T. Post stroke intervention trial in fatigue (POSITIF): Randomised multicentre feasibility trial. Clin Rehabil 2022; 36:1578-1589. [PMID: 35866206 PMCID: PMC9574032 DOI: 10.1177/02692155221113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the feasibility of a telephone delivered intervention, informed by cognitive behavioural principles, for post-stroke fatigue, and estimated its effect on fatigue and other outcomes. DESIGN Randomised controlled parallel group trial. SETTING Three Scottish stroke services. SUBJECTS Stroke survivors with fatigue three months to two years post-stroke onset. INTERVENTIONS Seven telephone calls (fortnightly then a 'booster session' at 16 weeks) of a manualised intervention, plus information about fatigue, versus information only. MAIN MEASURES Feasibility of trial methods, and collected outcome measures (fatigue, mood, anxiety, social participation, quality of life, return to work) just before randomisation, at the end of treatment (four months after randomisation) and at six months after randomisation. RESULTS Between October 2018 and January 2020, we invited 886 stroke survivors to participate in postal screening: 188/886 (21%) returned questionnaires and consented, of whom 76/188 (40%) were eligible and returned baseline forms; 64/76 (84%) returned six month follow-up questionnaires. Of the 39 allocated the intervention, 23 (59%) attended at least four sessions. At six months, there were no significant differences between the groups (adjusted mean differences in Fatigue Assessment Scale -0.619 (95% CI -4.9631, 3.694; p = 0.768), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 -0.178 (95% CI -3.823, 3.467, p = 0.92), and the Patient Health Questionnaire -0.247 (95% CI -2.935, 2.442, p = 0.851). There were no between-group differences in quality of life, social participation or return to work. CONCLUSION Patients can be recruited to a trial of this design. These data will inform the design of further trials in post-stroke fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Mead
- Usher institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Gillespie
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Barber
- NHS Lanarkshire, 4468University Hospital Monklands, Coatbridge, UK
| | - Allan House
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds, UK
| | - Steff Lewis
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah Ensor
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
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Evans NR, Todd OM, Minhas JS, Fearon P, Harston GW, Mant J, Mead G, Hewitt J, Quinn TJ, Warburton EA. Frailty and cerebrovascular disease: Concepts and clinical implications for stroke medicine. Int J Stroke 2021; 17:251-259. [PMID: 34282986 PMCID: PMC8864332 DOI: 10.1177/17474930211034331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a distinctive health state in which the ability of older people to cope with
acute stressors is compromised by an increased vulnerability brought by age-associated
declines in physiological reserve and function across multiple organ systems. Although
closely associated with age, multimorbidity, and disability, frailty is a discrete
syndrome that is associated with poorer outcomes across a range of medical conditions.
However, its role in cerebrovascular disease and stroke has received limited attention.
The estimated rise in the prevalence of frailty associated with changing demographics over
the coming decades makes it an important issue for stroke practitioners, cerebrovascular
research, clinical service provision, and stroke survivors alike. This review will
consider the concept and models of frailty, how frailty is common in cerebrovascular
disease, the impact of frailty on stroke risk factors, acute treatments, and
rehabilitation, and considerations for future applications in both cerebrovascular
clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver M Todd
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jatinder S Minhas
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Patricia Fearon
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - George W Harston
- Acute Stroke Programme, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Mant
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Hewitt
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Morton S, Hall J, Fitzsimons C, Hall J, English C, Forster A, Lawton R, Patel A, Mead G, Clarke DJ. A qualitative study of sedentary behaviours in stroke survivors: non-participant observations and interviews with stroke service staff in stroke units and community services. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5964-5973. [PMID: 34304649 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1955307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with negative health outcomes and is prevalent post-stroke. This study explored SB after stroke from the perspective of stroke service staff. METHODS Qualitative mixed-methods study. Non-participant observations in two stroke services (England/Scotland) and semi-structured interviews with staff underpinned by the COM-B model of behaviour change. Observations were analysed thematically; interviews were analysed using the Framework approach. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-two observation hours (October - December 2017), and 31 staff interviewed (January -June 2018). Four themes were identified: (1) Opportunities for staff to support stroke survivors to reduce SB; (2) Physical and psychological capability of staff to support stroke survivors to reduce SB; (3) Motivating factors influencing staff behaviour to support stroke survivors to reduce SB; (4) Staff suggestions for a future intervention to support stroke survivors to reduce SB. CONCLUSIONS Staff are aware of the consequences of prolonged sitting but did not relate to SB. Explicit knowledge of SB was limited. Staff need training to support stroke survivors to reduce SB. Sedentary behaviour in the community was not reported to change markedly, highlighting the need to engage stroke survivors in movement from when capable in hospital, following through to home.Implications for rehabilitationStroke survivor sedentary behaviour is influenced, directly and indirectly, by the actions and instructions of stroke service staff in the inpatient and community setting.The built and social environment, both in the inpatient and community settings, may limit opportunities for safe movement and can result in stroke survivors spending more time sedentary.Stroke service staff appreciate the benefit of encouraging stroke survivors to stand and move more, if it is safe for them to do so.Staff would be amenable to encourage stroke survivors to reduce sedentary behaviour, provided they have the knowledge and resources to equip them to support this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Morton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jennifer Hall
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, England
| | - Claire Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, St Leonards Land, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jessica Hall
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, England
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences,The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, England
| | - Rebecca Lawton
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, England
| | - Anita Patel
- Anita Patel Health Economics Consulting Ltd., London, England
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - David J Clarke
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, England
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Hendrickx W, Riveros C, Askim T, Bussmann JBJ, Callisaya ML, Chastin SFM, Dean C, Ezeugwu V, Jones TM, Kuys SS, Mahendran N, Manns PJ, Mead G, Moore SA, Paul L, Pisters MF, Saunders DH, Simpson DB, Tieges Z, Verschuren O, English C. An Exploration of Sedentary Behavior Patterns in Community-Dwelling People With Stroke: A Cluster-Based Analysis. J Neurol Phys Ther 2021; 45:221-227. [PMID: 33867457 DOI: 10.1097/npt.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Long periods of daily sedentary time, particularly accumulated in long uninterrupted bouts, are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. People with stroke are at high risk of recurrent events and prolonged sedentary time may increase this risk. We aimed to explore how people with stroke distribute their periods of sedentary behavior, which factors influence this distribution, and whether sedentary behavior clusters can be distinguished? METHODS This was a secondary analysis of original accelerometry data from adults with stroke living in the community. We conducted data-driven clustering analyses to identify unique accumulation patterns of sedentary time across participants, followed by multinomial logistical regression to determine the association between the clusters, and the total amount of sedentary time, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), walking speed, and wake time. RESULTS Participants in the highest quartile of total sedentary time accumulated a significantly higher proportion of their sedentary time in prolonged bouts (P < 0.001). Six unique accumulation patterns were identified, all of which were characterized by high sedentary time. Total sedentary time, age, gender, BMI, and walking speed were significantly associated with the probability of a person being in a specific accumulation pattern cluster, P < 0.001 - P = 0.002. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Although unique accumulation patterns were identified, there is not just one accumulation pattern for high sedentary time. This suggests that interventions to reduce sedentary time must be individually tailored.Video Abstract available for more insight from the authors (see the Video Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A343).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Hendrickx
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Science & Sport, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.H., M.F.P.); School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia (W.H., D.B.S., C.E.); Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care, Julius Health Care Centers, Utrecht, the Netherlands (W.H., M.F.P.); Bioinformatics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia (C.R.); Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (T.A.); Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.J.B.); Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia (M.L.C.); School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.F.M.C., L.P., Z.T.); Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (S.F.M.C.); Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia (C.D., T.M.J.); Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (V.E., P.J.M.); National Head, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia (S.S.K.); Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia (N.M.); Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (G.M.); Stroke Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (S.A.M.); Department of Health Innovations and Technology, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, the Netherlands (M.F.P.); Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.H.S.); Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Z.T.); UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (O.V.); and Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia (C.E.)
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Visvanathan A, Graham C, Dennis M, Lawton J, Doubal F, Mead G, Whiteley W. Predicting specific abilities after disabling stroke: Development and validation of prognostic models. Int J Stroke 2021; 16:935-943. [PMID: 33402051 PMCID: PMC8554496 DOI: 10.1177/1747493020982873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Predicting specific abilities (e.g. walk and talk) to provide a functional profile six months after disabling stroke could help patients/families prepare for the consequences of stroke and facilitate involvement in treatment decision-making. Aim To develop new statistical models to predict specific abilities six months after stroke and test their performance in an independent cohort of patients with disabling stroke. Methods We developed models to predict six specific abilities (to be independent, walk, talk, eat normally, live without major anxiety/depression, and to live at home) using data from seven large multicenter stroke trials with multivariable logistic regression. We included 13,117 participants recruited within three days of hospital admission. We assessed model discrimination and derived optimal cut-off values using four statistical methods. We validated the models in an independent single-center cohort of patients (n = 403) with disabling stroke. We assessed model discrimination and calibration and reported the performance of our models at the statistically derived cut-off values. Results All six models had good discrimination in external validation (AUC 0.78–0.84). Four models (predicting to walk, eat normally, live without major anxiety/depression, live at home) calibrated well. Models had sensitivities between 45.0 and 97.9% and specificities between 21.6 and 96.5%. Conclusions We have developed statistical models to predict specific abilities and demonstrated that these models perform reasonably well in an independent cohort of disabling stroke patients. To aid decision-making regarding treatments, further evaluation of our models is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Visvanathan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catriona Graham
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julia Lawton
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fergus Doubal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William Whiteley
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Carin-Levy G, Nicol K, van Wijck F, Mead G, McVittie C. Identifying and Responding to Delirium in Acute Stroke: Clinical Team Members' Understandings. Qual Health Res 2021; 31:137-147. [PMID: 32969764 PMCID: PMC7750676 DOI: 10.1177/1049732320959295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Delirium is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. In the acute stroke setting, delirium identification is challenging due to the complexity of cognitive screening in this patient group. The aim of this study was to explore how members of interprofessional stroke-unit teams identified and responded to a potential delirium in a patient. Online focus groups and interviews utilizing case vignettes were conducted with 15 participants: nurses, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, and physiotherapists working in acute stroke services. Participants' understandings of delirium varied, most participants did not identify the symptoms of a possible hypoactive delirium, and nearly all participants discussed delirium symptoms in tentative terms. Aspects of interprofessional working were discussed through the expression of distinct roles around delirium identification. Although participants demonstrated an ethos of person-focused care, there are ongoing challenges involved in early identification and management of delirium in stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Carin-Levy
- Queen Margaret University
Edinburgh, Musselburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kath Nicol
- Queen Margaret University
Edinburgh, Musselburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gillian Mead
- The University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris McVittie
- Queen Margaret University
Edinburgh, Musselburgh, United Kingdom
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English C, Weerasekara I, Carlos A, Chastin S, Crowfoot G, Fitzsimons C, Forster A, Holliday E, Janssen H, Mackie P, Mead G, Dunstan D. Investigating the rigour of research findings in experimental studies assessing the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting - extended scoping review. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:4-16. [PMID: 32439303 PMCID: PMC7817869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sedentary behaviour research is a relatively new field, much of which has emerged since the widespread acceptance of clinical trial registration. The aim of this study was to investigate the trial registration and related issues in studies investigating the effect of frequent activity interruptions to prolonged sitting-time. METHODS Secondary analysis of a scoping review including systematic searches of databases and trial registries. We included experimental studies investigating the effects of frequent activity interruptions to prolonged sitting-time. RESULTS We identified 32 trials published in 45 papers. Only 16 (50%) trials were registered, with all 16 trials being completed and published. Of the unregistered trials, we identified three (19%) for which similarities in the sample size and participant demographics across papers was suggestive of duplicate publication. Identification of potential duplicate publications was difficult for the remaining 13 (81%). Results from 53 (76%) of the 70 registered outcomes were published, but 11 (69%) registered trials reported results from additional outcomes not prospectively registered. A total of 46 different outcomes (out of 53 reported outcome measures, similar measures were collated) were reported across all trials, 31 (67%) of which were collected in ≤2 trials. CONCLUSIONS We found direct evidence of trial registration issues in experimental trials of breaking up sitting-time. The lack of prospective registration of all trials, and the large number of outcomes measured per trial are key considerations for future research in this field. These issues are unlikely to be confined to the field of sedentary behaviour research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Ishanka Weerasekara
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Anjelica Carlos
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; School of Health and Life Science, Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gary Crowfoot
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Heidi Janssen
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Mackie
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation, Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gillian Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Informing research participants of the results of studies in which they took part is viewed as an ethical imperative. However, there is little guidance in the literature about how to do this. The Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision trial randomised 3127 patients with a recent acute stroke to 6 months of fluoxetine or placebo and was published in the Lancet on 5 December 2018. The trial team decided to inform the participants of the results at exactly the same time as the Lancet publication, and also whether they had been allocated fluoxetine or placebo. In this report, we describe how we informed participants of the results. DESIGN In the 6-month and 12-month follow-up questionnaires, we invited participants to provide an email address if they wished to be informed of the results of the trial. We re-opened our trial telephone helpline between 5 December 2018 and 31 March 2019. SETTING UK stroke services. PARTICIPANTS 3127 participants were randomised. 2847 returned 6-month follow-up forms and 2703 returned 12-month follow-up forms; the remaining participants had died (380), withdrawn consent or did not respond. RESULTS Of those returning follow-up questionnaires, a total of 1845 email addresses were provided and a further 50 people requested results to be sent by post. Results were sent to all email and postal addresses provided; 309 emails were returned unrecognised. Seventeen people replied, of whom three called the helpline and the rest responded by email. CONCLUSION It is feasible to disseminate results of large trials to research participants, though only around 60% of those randomised wanted to receive the results. The system we developed was efficient and required very little resource, and could be replicated by trialists in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN83290762; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Edwards SA, Ioannou A, Carin-Levy G, Cowey E, Brady M, Morton S, Sande TA, Mead G, Quinn TJ. Properties of Pain Assessment Tools for Use in People Living With Stroke: Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2020; 11:792. [PMID: 32849238 PMCID: PMC7431893 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pain is a common problem after stroke and is associated with poor outcomes. There is no consensus on the optimal method of pain assessment in stroke. A review of the properties of tools should allow an evidence based approach to assessment. Objectives: We aimed to systematically review published data on pain assessment tools used in stroke, with particular focus on classical test properties of: validity, reliability, feasibility, responsiveness. Methods: We searched multiple, cross-disciplinary databases for studies evaluating properties of pain assessment tools used in stroke. We assessed risk of bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. We used a modified harvest plot to visually represent psychometric properties across tests. Results: The search yielded 12 relevant articles, describing 10 different tools (n = 1,106 participants). There was substantial heterogeneity and an overall high risk of bias. The most commonly assessed property was validity (eight studies) and responsiveness the least (one study). There were no studies with a neuropathic or headache focus. Included tools were either scales or questionnaires. The most commonly assessed tool was the Faces Pain Scale (FPS) (6 studies). The limited number of papers precluded meaningful meta-analysis at level of pain assessment tool or pain syndrome. Even where common data were available across papers, results were conflicting e.g., two papers described FPS as feasible and two described the scale as having feasibility issues. Conclusion: Robust data on the properties of pain assessment tools for stroke are limited. Our review highlights specific areas where evidence is lacking and could guide further research to identify the best tool(s) for assessing post-stroke pain. Improving feasibility of assessment in stroke survivors should be a future research target. Systematic Review Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42019160679 Available online at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019160679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Amelia Edwards
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Antreas Ioannou
- Internal Medicine Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Gail Carin-Levy
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Cowey
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Brady
- NMAHP Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Morton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tonje A Sande
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Visvanathan A, Whiteley W, Mead G, Lawton J, Doubal FN, Dennis M. Reporting “specific abilities” after major stroke to better describe prognosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Gillespie DC, Barber M, Brady MC, Carson A, Chalder T, Chun Y, Cvoro V, Dennis M, Hackett M, Haig E, House A, Lewis S, Parker R, Wee F, Wu S, Mead G. Study protocol for POSITIF, a randomised multicentre feasibility trial of a brief cognitive-behavioural intervention plus information versus information alone for the treatment of post-stroke fatigue. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:84. [PMID: 32549995 PMCID: PMC7296769 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately, half of stroke survivors experience fatigue. Fatigue may persist for many months and interferes with participation in everyday activities and has a negative impact on social and family relationships, return to work, and quality of life. Fatigue is among the top 10 priorities for 'Life after Stroke' research for stroke survivors, carers, and clinicians. We previously developed and tested in a small uncontrolled pilot study a manualised, clinical psychologist-delivered, face-to-face intervention, informed by cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). We then adapted it for delivery by trained therapists via telephone. We now aim to test the feasibility of this approach in a parallel group, randomised controlled feasibility trial (Post Stroke Intervention Trial In Fatigue, POSITIF). Methods/design POSITIF aims to recruit 75 stroke survivors between 3 months and 2 years post-stroke who would like treatment for their fatigue. Eligible consenting stroke survivors will be randomised to either a 7-session manualised telephone-delivered intervention based on CBT principles plus information about fatigue, or information only. The aims of the intervention are to (i) provide an explanation for post-stroke fatigue, in particular that it is potentially reversible (an educational approach), (ii) encourage participants to overcome the fear of taking physical activity and challenge negative thinking (a cognitive approach) and (iii) promote a balance between daily activities, rest and sleep and then gradually increase levels of physical activity (a behavioural approach). Fatigue, mood, quality of life, return to work and putative mediators will be assessed at baseline (just before randomisation), at the end of treatment and 6 months after randomisation. POSITIF will determine the feasibility of recruitment, adherence to the intervention and the resources required to deliver the intervention in a larger trial. Discussion The POSITIF feasibility trial will recruit until 31 January 2020. Data will inform the utility and design of a future adequately powered randomised controlled trial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03551327. Registered on 11 June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Gillespie
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Barber
- NHS Lanarkshire, Monklands Hospital, Coatbridge, UK
| | - Marian C Brady
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alan Carson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Trudie Chalder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Chun
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vera Cvoro
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maree Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Euan Haig
- Independent Consultant, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Allan House
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Steff Lewis
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit (ECTU), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit (ECTU), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Wee
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit (ECTU), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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24
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Hall J, Morton S, Fitzsimons CF, Hall JF, Corepal R, English C, Forster A, Lawton R, Patel A, Mead G, Clarke DJ. Factors influencing sedentary behaviours after stroke: findings from qualitative observations and interviews with stroke survivors and their caregivers. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:967. [PMID: 32560713 PMCID: PMC7305625 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke survivors are more sedentary than healthy, age-matched controls, independent of functional capacity. Interventions are needed to encourage a reduction in overall sedentary time, and regular breaks in prolonged periods of sedentary behaviour. This study captured the views and experiences of stroke survivors and their caregivers related to sedentary behaviour after stroke, to inform the development of an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour. METHODS Mixed-methods qualitative study. Non-participant observations were completed in two stroke services, inclusive of inpatient and community settings in the United Kingdom. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stroke survivors and their caregivers (if available) at six- or nine-months post-stroke. Underpinned by the capability, opportunity and motivation (COM-B) model of behaviour change, observational data (132 h) were analysed thematically and interview data (n = 31 stroke survivors, n = 12 caregivers) were analysed using the Framework approach. RESULTS Observation participants differed in functional ability whereas stroke survivor interviewees were all ambulant. Six themes related to sedentary behaviour after stroke were generated: (1) sedentary behaviour levels and patterns after stroke; (2) the physical and social environment in the stroke service and in the home; (3) standing and movement capability after stroke; (4) emotion and motivation after stroke; (5) caregivers' influence on, and role in influencing stroke survivors' sedentary behaviour; and (6) intervening to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke. Capability, opportunity and motivation were influenced by the impact of the stroke and caregivers' inclination to support sedentary behaviour reduction. Stroke survivors reported being more sedentary than they were pre-stroke due to impaired balance and co-ordination, increased fatigue, and reduced confidence in mobilising. Caregivers inclination to support stroke survivors to reduce sedentary behaviour depended on factors including their willingness to withdraw from the caregiver role, and their perception of whether the stroke survivor would act on their encouragement. CONCLUSIONS Many stroke survivors indicate being open to reducing sedentary behaviour, with appropriate support from stroke service staff and caregivers. The findings from this study have contributed to an intervention development process using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) approach to develop strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hall
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK. .,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
| | - Sarah Morton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire F Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessica Faye Hall
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rekesh Corepal
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | | | - Anita Patel
- Anita Patel Health Economics Consulting Ltd, London, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Clarke
- Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
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25
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Dennis M, Forbes J, Graham C, Hackett M, Hankey GJ, House A, Lewis S, Lundström E, Sandercock P, Mead G. Fluoxetine to improve functional outcomes in patients after acute stroke: the FOCUS RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24:1-94. [PMID: 32452356 PMCID: PMC7294394 DOI: 10.3310/hta24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our Cochrane review of selective serotonin inhibitors for stroke recovery indicated that fluoxetine may improve functional recovery, but the trials were small and most were at high risk of bias. OBJECTIVES The Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision (FOCUS) trial tested the hypothesis that fluoxetine improves recovery after stroke. DESIGN The FOCUS trial was a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, individually randomised, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING This trial took place in 103 UK hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Patients were eligible if they were aged ≥ 18 years, had a clinical stroke diagnosis, with focal neurological deficits, between 2 and 15 days after onset. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly allocated 20 mg of fluoxetine once per day or the matching placebo for 6 months via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale at 6 months. Patients, carers, health-care staff and the trial team were masked to treatment allocation. Outcome was assessed at 6 and 12 months after randomisation. Patients were analysed by their treatment allocation as specified in a published statistical analysis plan. RESULTS Between 10 September 2012 and 31 March 2017, we recruited 3127 patients, 1564 of whom were allocated fluoxetine and 1563 of whom were allocated placebo. The modified Rankin Scale score at 6 months was available for 1553 out of 1564 (99.3%) of those allocated fluoxetine and 1553 out of 1563 (99.4%) of those allocated placebo. The distribution across modified Rankin Scale categories at 6 months was similar in the two groups (common odds ratio adjusted for minimisation variables 0.951, 95% confidence interval 0.839 to 1.079; p = 0.439). Compared with placebo, patients who were allocated fluoxetine were less likely to develop a new episode of depression by 6 months [210 (13.0%) vs. 269 (16.9%), difference -3.78%, 95% confidence interval -1.26% to -6.30%; p = 0.003], but had more bone fractures [45 (2.9%) vs. 23 (1.5%), difference 1.41%, 95% confidence interval 0.38% to 2.43%; p = 0.007]. There were no statistically significant differences in any other recorded events at 6 or 12 months. Health economic analyses showed no differences between groups in health-related quality of life, hospital bed usage or health-care costs. LIMITATIONS Some non-adherence to trial medication, lack of face-to-face assessment of neurological status at follow-up and lack of formal psychiatric diagnosis during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS 20 mg of fluoxetine daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve patients' functional outcome but decreased the occurrence of depression and increased the risk of fractures. These data inform decisions about using fluoxetine after stroke to improve functional outcome or to prevent or treat mood disorders. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) (Australasia/Vietnam) and Efficacy oF Fluoxetine - a randomisEd Controlled Trial in Stroke (EFFECTS) (Sweden) trials recruited an additional 2780 patients and will report their results in 2020. These three trials have an almost identical protocol, which was collaboratively developed. Our planned individual patient data meta-analysis will provide more precise estimates of the effects of fluoxetine after stroke and indicate whether or not effects vary depending on patients' characteristics and health-care setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN83290762. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 22. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The Stroke Association (reference TSA 2011101) funded the start-up phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Forbes
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Catriona Graham
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maree Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Allan House
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephanie Lewis
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Erik Lundström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Sandercock
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Lundström E, Isaksson E, Näsman P, Wester P, Mårtensson B, Norrving B, Wallén H, Borg J, Dennis M, Mead G, Hankey GJ, Hackett ML, Sunnerhagen KS. Update on the EFFECTS study of fluoxetine for stroke recovery: a randomised controlled trial in Sweden. Trials 2020; 21:233. [PMID: 32111264 PMCID: PMC7048055 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that fluoxetine might improve neurological recovery after stroke, but the results remain inconclusive. The EFFECTS (Efficacy oF Fluoxetine - a randomisEd Controlled Trial in Stroke) reached its recruitment target of 1500 patients in June 2019. The purpose of this article is to present all amendments to the protocol and describe how we formed the EFFECTS trial collaboration in Sweden. METHODS In this investigator-led, multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled non-depressed stroke patients aged 18 years or older between 2 and 15 days after stroke onset. The patients had a clinical diagnosis of stroke (ischaemic or intracerebral haemorrhage) with persisting focal neurological deficits. Patients were randomised to fluoxetine 20 mg or matching placebo capsules once daily for 6 months. RESULTS Seven amendments were made and included clarification of drug interaction between fluoxetine and metoprolol and the use of metoprolol for severe heart failure as an exclusion criterion, inclusion of data from central Swedish registries and the Swedish Stroke Register, changes in informed consent from patients, and clarification of design of some sub-studies. EFFECTS recruited 1500 patients at 35 centres in Sweden between 20 October 2014 and 28 June 2019. We plan to unblind the data in January 2020 and report the primary outcome in May 2020. CONCLUSION EFFECTS will provide data on the safety and efficacy of 6 months of treatment with fluoxetine after stroke in a Swedish health system setting. The data from EFFECTS will also contribute to an individual patient data meta-analysis. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2011-006130-16. Registered on 8 August 2014. ISRCTN, ISRCTN13020412. Registered on 19 December 2014. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02683213. Retrospectively registered on 2 February 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lundström
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 6, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Näsman
- Centre for Safety Research, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, TR10 B, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Wester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Mårtensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Norrving
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-182 88, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Dennis
- Royal Infirmary, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Royal Infirmary, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Maree L Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Katharina S Sunnerhagen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Bjørnemy, Norway
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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27
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Dennis M, Forbes J, Graham C, Hackett ML, Hankey GJ, House A, Lewis S, Lundström E, Sandercock P, Mead G. Fluoxetine and Fractures After Stroke. Stroke 2019; 50:3280-3282. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
The FOCUS trial (Fluoxetine or Control Under Supervision) showed that fluoxetine did not improve modified Rankin Scale scores (mRS) but increased the risk of fractures. We aimed to describe the fractures, their impact on mRS and factors associated with fracture risk.
Methods—
A United Kingdom, multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Patients ≥18 years with a clinical stroke and persisting deficit assessed 2 to 15 days after onset were eligible. Consenting patients were allocated fluoxetine 20 mg or matching placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was the mRS at 6 months and secondary outcomes included fractures.
Results—
Sixty-five of 3127 (2.1%) patients had 67 fractures within 6 months of randomization; 43 assigned fluoxetine and 22 placebo. Fifty-nine (90.8%) had fallen and 26 (40%) had fractured their neck of femur. The effect of fluoxetine on mRS (common odds ratio =0.951) was not significantly altered by excluding fracture patients (common odds ratio =0.961). Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that only age >70 year (hazard ratio =1.97; 95% CI, 1.13–3.45;
P
=0.017), female sex (hazard ratio =2.13; 95% CI, 1.29–3.51;
P
=0.003), and fluoxetine (hazard ratio =2.00; 95% CI, 1.20–3.34;
P
=0.008) were independently associated with fractures.
Conclusions—
Most fractures resulted from falls. Although many fractures were serious, and likely to impair patients’ function, the increased fracture risk did not explain the lack of observed effect of fluoxetine on mRS. Only increasing age, female sex, and fluoxetine were independent predictors of fractures.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN83290762.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dennis
- From the CCBS (M.D., P.S., G.M.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John Forbes
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland (J.F.)
| | | | - Maree L. Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Australia (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, The University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom (M.L.H.)
| | | | - Allan House
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (A.H.)
| | - Steff Lewis
- ECTU (S.L.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Lundström
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.L.)
| | - Peter Sandercock
- From the CCBS (M.D., P.S., G.M.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Mead
- From the CCBS (M.D., P.S., G.M.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Corepal R, Hall JF, English C, Farrin A, Fitzsimons CF, Forster A, Lawton R, Mead G, Clarke D. A protocol for a systematic review of process evaluations of interventions investigating sedentary behaviour in adults. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031291. [PMID: 31537573 PMCID: PMC6756361 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sedentary behaviour is defined as any waking behaviour characterised by low energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents while in a sitting, lying or reclining posture. The expanding evidence base suggests that sedentary behaviour may have a detrimental effect on health, well-being and is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. We aim to review process evaluations of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which included a measure of sedentary behaviour in adults in order to develop an understanding of intervention content, mechanisms of impact, implementation and delivery approaches and contexts, in which interventions were reported to be effective or effective. A secondary aim is to summarise participants, family and staff experiences of such interventions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Ten electronic databases and reference lists from previous similar reviews will be searched. Eligible studies will be process evaluations of RCTs that measure sedentary behaviour as a primary or secondary outcome in adults. As this review will contribute to a programme to develop a community-based intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in stroke survivors, interventions delivered in schools, colleges, universities or workplaces will be excluded. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Disagreements between reviewers will be resolved by a third reviewer. Process evaluation data to be extracted include the aims and methods used in the process evaluation; implementation data; mechanisms of impact; contextual factors; participant, family and staff experiences of the interventions. A narrative approach will be used to synthesise and report qualitative and quantitative data. Reporting of the review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018087403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekesh Corepal
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Jessica Faye Hall
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Farrin
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rebecca Lawton
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Quality and Safety Research, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Clarke
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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29
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Visvanathan A, Mead G, Dennis M, Whiteley W, Doubal F, Lawton J. Maintaining hope after a disabling stroke: A longitudinal qualitative study of patients' experiences, views, information needs and approaches towards making treatment decisions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222500. [PMID: 31518369 PMCID: PMC6743774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some treatments after a disabling stroke increase the likelihood patients will survive longer but with significant disability. Patients and doctors should make collaborative decisions regarding these treatments. However, this can be challenging. To better understand treatment decision-making in acute disabling stroke, we explored the experiences, views and needs of stroke survivors in hospital and six months later. METHODS Fifteen patients who had a disabling stroke were interviewed within a week of their diagnosis; eleven were re-interviewed six months later. Data were analysed thematically and longitudinally. RESULTS Patients' functional abilities prior to their stroke and need for hope of functional recovery appeared to impact on their involvement in decision-making. In the early period post stroke, patients who were functionally independent pre- stroke described being emotionally devastated and ill-prepared for the consequences of stroke. They appeared unaware that treatments offered might extend their life but with significant disability and took all treatments in the hope of functional recovery. Those who were dependent pre-stroke appeared to be more stoic, had considered treatment implications and decided against such treatments. At follow-up, all patients had varying unmet psychological needs which appeared to contribute to poor quality of life. In the early period post stroke, patients looked for various ways to cultivate and maintain hope of functional recovery. While patients continued to look for hope at six months, they also reported wishing they had been given realistic information in the early period after stroke in order to prepare for the consequences. CONCLUSION Stroke survivors may benefit from psychological support. A collaborative approach towards treatment decision-making may not be realistic in all patients especially when they may be emotionally distressed and looking to maintain a positive outlook. Communication strategies to balance maintaining hope without providing false hope may be appropriate. Patients' information needs may need reassessed at different time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Visvanathan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William Whiteley
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Doubal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Lawton
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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30
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Rawlings GH, Williams RK, Clarke DJ, English C, Fitzsimons C, Holloway I, Lawton R, Mead G, Patel A, Forster A. Exploring adults' experiences of sedentary behaviour and participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1099. [PMID: 31409324 PMCID: PMC6692932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 metabolic equivalent of task while in a sitting or reclining posture. Prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour have been associated with negative health outcomes in all age groups. We examined qualitative research investigating perceptions and experiences of sedentary behaviour and of participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour in adult populations. METHOD A systematic search of seven databases (MEDLINE, AMED, Cochrane, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science) was conducted in September 2017. Studies were assessed for methodological quality and a thematic synthesis was conducted. Prospero database ID: CRD42017083436. RESULTS Thirty individual studies capturing the experiences of 918 individuals were included. Eleven studies examined experiences and/or perceptions of sedentary behaviour in older adults (typically ≥60 years); ten studies focused on sedentary behaviour in people experiencing a clinical condition, four explored influences on sedentary behaviour in adults living in socio-economically disadvantaged communities, two examined university students' experiences of sedentary behaviour, two on those of working-age adults, and one focused on cultural influences on sedentary behaviour. Three analytical themes were identified: 1) the impact of different life stages on sedentary behaviour 2) lifestyle factors influencing sedentary behaviour and 3) barriers and facilitators to changing sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behaviour is multifaceted and influenced by a complex interaction between individual, environmental and socio-cultural factors. Micro and macro pressures are experienced at different life stages and in the context of illness; these shape individuals' beliefs and behaviour related to sedentariness. Knowledge of sedentary behaviour and the associated health consequences appears limited in adult populations, therefore there is a need for provision of accessible information about ways in which sedentary behaviour reduction can be integrated in people's daily lives. Interventions targeting a reduction in sedentary behaviour need to consider the multiple influences on sedentariness when designing and implementing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rawlings
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R K Williams
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - D J Clarke
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
| | - C English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Holloway
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Lawton
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Patel
- Anita Patel Health Economics Consulting Ltd, London, UK
| | - A Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
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31
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Kerr A, Cummings J, Barber M, McKeown M, Rowe P, Mead G, Doucet A, Berlouis K, Grealy M. Community cycling exercise for stroke survivors is feasible and acceptable. Top Stroke Rehabil 2019; 26:485-490. [PMID: 31327311 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1642653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity is recommended after stroke but levels for stroke survivors are typically low. The use of indoor recumbent cycling, delivered through local government leisure facilities, may increase access to exercise among stroke survivors. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of an indoor cycling program delivered through existing local government services. Methods: Participants were recruited through stroke liaison nurses and public advertising. After a home visit to assess eligibility and conduct psychological and general health assessments, participants attended their local leisure center for an initial fitness test and short battery of physical tests. Then, an 8 week training program was designed with weekly goals. Following the program the assessments were retaken along with an evaluation questionnaire. In-depth, semi-structured, interviews were conducted with 15 participants and five fitness coaches. Results: One hundred fifteen individuals volunteered to participate during a 10-month recruitment period, 77 met the inclusion criteria and consented, 66/77 (86%) completed the program including all nine non-ambulatory participants. The program and procedures (recruitment and outcome measures) were feasible and acceptable to participants (81% reported following the program). Participants were generally very positive about the experience. Significant improvements in sit-to-stand capacity (Mpre = 25.2 s, Mpost = 19.0 s, p = .002), activities of daily living (NEADL, Mpre = 12.2, Mpost = 13.2, p = .002), psychosocial functioning (SAQOL, Mpre = 3.82, Mpost = 4.15, p = .001), energy (SAQOL, Mpre = 3.75, Mpost = 4.02, p = .018) and depression (GHQ, Mpre = .97, Mpost = .55, p = .009) were observed. Conclusion: A cycling-based exercise program delivered through local leisure center staff and facilities was shown to be feasible and acceptable for people living with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Kerr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
| | - Joanne Cummings
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
| | - Mark Barber
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, NHS Lanarkshire , Airdrie , UK
| | - Marie McKeown
- South Lanarkshire Leisure and Culture , Hamilton , UK
| | - Phillip Rowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Amy Doucet
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
| | - Katherine Berlouis
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
| | - Madeleine Grealy
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
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32
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Hendrickx W, Riveros C, Askim T, Bussmann JBJ, Callisaya ML, Chastin SFM, Dean CM, Ezeugwu VE, Jones TM, Kuys SS, Mahendran N, Manns TJ, Mead G, Moore SA, Paul L, Pisters MF, Saunders DH, Simpson DB, Tieges Z, Verschuren O, English C. Identifying factors associated with sedentary time after stroke. Secondary analysis of pooled data from nine primary studies. Top Stroke Rehabil 2019; 26:327-334. [PMID: 31025908 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1601419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: High levels of sedentary time increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including recurrent stroke. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with high sedentary time in community-dwelling people with stroke. Methods: For this data pooling study, authors of published and ongoing trials that collected sedentary time data, using the activPAL monitor, in community-dwelling people with stroke were invited to contribute their raw data. The data was reprocessed, algorithms were created to identify sleep-wake time and determine the percentage of waking hours spent sedentary. We explored demographic and stroke-related factors associated with total sedentary time and time in uninterrupted sedentary bouts using unique, both univariable and multivariable, regression analyses. Results: The 274 included participants were from Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, and spent, on average, 69% (SD 12.4) of their waking hours sedentary. Of the demographic and stroke-related factors, slower walking speeds were significantly and independently associated with a higher percentage of waking hours spent sedentary (p = 0.001) and uninterrupted sedentary bouts of >30 and >60 min (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Regression models explained 11-19% of the variance in total sedentary time and time in prolonged sedentary bouts. Conclusion: We found that variability in sedentary time of people with stroke was largely unaccounted for by demographic and stroke-related variables. Behavioral and environmental factors are likely to play an important role in sedentary behavior after stroke. Further work is required to develop and test effective interventions to address sedentary behavior after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Hendrickx
- a Department of Rehablilitation, Physiotherapy Science & Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,b School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia.,c Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care , Julius Health Care Centers , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Riveros
- d Bioinformatics , Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , Australia
| | - Torunn Askim
- e Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science , NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Johannes B J Bussmann
- f Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Erasmus , MC University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- g Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia
| | - Sebastien F M Chastin
- h School of Health and Life Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK.,i Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Catherine M Dean
- j Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Victor E Ezeugwu
- k Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Taryn M Jones
- j Department of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Suzanne S Kuys
- l National Head, School of Physiotherapy , Faculty of Health Sciences Australian Catholic University , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Niruthikha Mahendran
- m Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health , University of Canberra , Canberra , Australia
| | - Trish J Manns
- k Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Gillian Mead
- n Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Sarah A Moore
- o Stroke Research Group , Institute of Neuroscience and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing Newcastle University , UK
| | - Lorna Paul
- p School of Health and Life Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK
| | - Martijn F Pisters
- a Department of Rehablilitation, Physiotherapy Science & Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,c Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care , Julius Health Care Centers , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - David H Saunders
- q Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Dawn B Simpson
- g Menzies Institute for Medical Research , University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia
| | - Zoë Tieges
- r Department of Geriatric Medicine , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Olaf Verschuren
- s Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Coralie English
- b School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, Faculty of Health and Medicine , University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia
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33
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van Wijck F, Bernhardt J, Billinger SA, Bird ML, Eng J, English C, Teixeira-Salmela LF, MacKay-Lyons M, Melifonwu R, Sunnerhagen KS, Solomon JM, Thilarajah S, Mead G. Improving life after stroke needs global efforts to implement evidence-based physical activity pathways. Int J Stroke 2019; 14:457-459. [PMID: 30975042 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019840930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve life after stroke across the world-especially in low-income countries-through methods that are effective, equitable and sustainable. This paper highlights physical activity (PA) as a prime candidate for implementation. PA reduces modifiable risk factors for first and recurrent stroke and improves function and activity during rehabilitation and following discharge. Preliminary evidence also indicates PA is cost-effective. This compelling evidence urgently needs to be translated into seamless pathways to enable stroke survivors across the world to engage in a more active lifestyle. Although more quality research is needed-particularly on how to optimize uptake and maintenance of PA-this should not delay implementation of high-quality evidence already available. This paper shares examples of best practice service models from low-, middle-, and high-income countries around the world. The authors call for a concerted effort to implement high-quality PA services to improve life after stroke for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike van Wijck
- 1 School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Bernhardt
- 2 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- 3 Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Marie-Louise Bird
- 4 Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,5 Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Janice Eng
- 4 Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Coralie English
- 6 School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - John M Solomon
- 11 Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Centre for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shamala Thilarajah
- 12 Department of Physiotherapy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gillian Mead
- 13 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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34
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Dennis M, Mead G, Forbes J, Graham C, Hackett M, Hankey GJ, House A, Lewis S, Lundström E, Sandercock P, Innes K, Williams C, Drever J, Mcgrath A, Deary A, Fraser R, Anderson R, Walker P, Perry D, Mcgill C, Buchanan D, Chun Y, Dinsmore L, Maschauer E, Barugh A, Mikhail S, Blair G, Hoeritzauer I, Scott M, Fraser G, Lawrence K, Shaw A, Williamson J, Burgess D, Macleod M, Morales D, Sullivan F, Brady M, French R, Van Wijck F, Watkins C, Proudfoot F, Skwarski J, Mcgowan D, Murphy R, Burgess S, Rutherford W, Mccormick K, Buchan R, Macraild A, Paulton R, Fazal A, Taylor P, Parakramawansha R, Hunter N, Perry J, Bamford J, Waugh D, Veraque E, Bedford C, Kambafwile M, Idrovo L, Makawa L, Smalley P, Randall M, Thirugnana-Chandran T, Hassan A, Vowden R, Jackson J, Bhalla A, Rudd A, Tam CK, Birns J, Gibbs C, Lee Carbon L, Cattermole E, Marks K, Cape A, Hurley L, Kullane S, Smyth N, Eglinton C, Wilson J, Giallombardo E, Frith A, Reidy P, Pitt M, Sykes L, Dellafera D, Croome V, Kerwood L, Hancevic M, Narh C, Merritt C, Duffy J, Cooke D, Willson J, Ali A, Naqvi A, Kamara C, Bowler H, Bell S, Jackson T, Harkness K, Stocks K, Duty S, Doyle C, Dunn G, Endean K, Claydon F, Richards E, Howe J, Lindert R, Majid A, Dakin K, Maatouk A, Barron L, Meegada M, Rana P, Nair A, Brighouse-Johnson C, Greig J, Kyu M, Prasad S, Robinson M, Alam I, Mclean B, Greenhalgh L, Ahmed Z, Roffe C, Brammer S, Beardmore C, Finney K, Barry A, Hollinshead P, Grocott J, Maguire H, Natarajan I, Chembala J, Sanyal R, Lijko S, Abano N, Remegoso A, Ferdinand P, Stevens S, Varquez R, Causley C, Butler A, Whitmore P, Stephen C, Carpio R, Hiden J, Muddegowda G, Denic H, Sword J, Curwen R, James M, Mudd P, Hall F, Cageao J, Keenan S, Roughan C, Kingwell H, Hemsley A, Lohan C, Davenport S, Bowring A, Chapter T, Hough M, Strain D, Gupwell K, Miller K, Goff A, Cusack E, Todd S, Partridge R, Jennings G, Thorpe K, Stephenson J, Littlewood K, Barber M, Brodie F, Marshall S, Esson D, Coburn I, Mcinnes C, Ross F, Bowie E, Barcroft H, Withers V, Miller L, Willcoxson P, Donninson M, Evans R, Daniel D, Coyle J, Keeling M, Wanklyn P, Elliott M, Wightman J, Iveson E, Dyer N, Porteous AM, Haritakis M, Ward M, Doughty L, Carr L, O Neill M, Anazodo C, Wood P, Cottrell P, Donne C, Rodriguez R, Mir R, Westmoreland J, Bell J, Emms C, Wright L, Clark Brown P, Bamford E, Stanners A, Carpenter M, Datta P, Davey R, Needle A, Eastwood MJ, Razik FZ, Ghouri I, Bateman G, Archer J, Balasubramanian V, Bowers R, Ball J, Benton L, Jackson L, Ellam J, Norton K, Guyler P, Dowling T, Tysoe S, Harman P, Kundu A, Omodunbi O, Loganathan T, Chandler S, Noor S, Siddiqui A, Siddiqui A, Kunhunny S, Sinha D, Sheppard M, Rashmi S, France E, Orath Prabakaran R, Wilson L, Ropun A, Kelavkar S, Ng KX, Kamuriwo L, Shah S, Mangion D, Constantin C, De Michele Hock L, Hardwick A, Borley J, Markova S, Netherton K, Lawrence T, Fletcher J, Spencer R, Palmer H, Cullen C, Hamill D, Durairaj R, Mellor Z, Fluskey T, Wood D, Keeling A, Hankin V, Peters J, Shackcloth D, Hlaing T, Tangney R, Ewing J, Harrison M, Stevenson S, Sutton V, Soliman M, Hindle J, Watson E, Hewitt C, Borley J, Butler S, Wahishi I, Arif S, Fields A, Sharma J, Brown R, Taylor C, Bell S, Leach S, Patterson C, Khan S, Wilson H, Price J, Ramadan H, Maguire S, Bellfield R, Hooley M, Hamid U, Gaba W, Ghulam R, Masters L, Quinn O, Sekaran L, Tate M, Mohammed N, Bharaj K, Justin F, Pattni R, Alwis L, Sethuraman S, Robinson R, Eldridge L, Mintias S, Chauhan M, Tam CK, Palmones J, Holmes C, Guthrie LB, Osborn M, Ball L, Caine S, Steele A, Murphy P, Devitt N, Leonard J, Patel R, Penwarden I, Dodd E, Holloway A, Baker P, Clarke S, Williams S, Dow L, Wynn-Williams R, Kennedy J, Teal R, Schulz U, Ford G, Mathieson P, Reckless I, Deveciana A, Mccann P, Cluckie G, Howell G, Ayer J, Moynihan B, Ghatala R, Clarke B, Cloud G, Patel B, Khan U, Al-Samarrai N, Trippier S, Chopra N, Adedoyin T, Watson F, Jones V, Zhang L, Choy L, Williams R, Clarke N, Blight A, Kennedy K, Dainty A, Selvarajah J, Kalladka D, Cheripelli B, Smith W, Moreton F, Welch A, Huang X, Douglas E, Lush A, Day N, El Tawil S, Montgomery K, Hamilton H, Ritchie D, Ramachandra S, Mcleish K, Thavanesan K, Loganathan S, Roberts J, Cox C, Orr S, Hogan A, Tiwari D, Hann G, Longland B, David O, Bell J, Ovington C, Rogers E, Bower R, Keltos M, Cohen D, Devine J, Alwis L, Southworth L, Burgess L, Lang M, Badiani B, Guo F, Oshodi A, Owoyele E, Epie N, David A, Mpelembue M, Bathula R, Abdul-Saheb M, Chamberlain A, Sudkeo V, Rashed K, Wood D, Williams-Yesson B, Board J, De Bruijn S, Buckley C, Board S, Allison J, Keeling E, Duckett T, Donaldson D, Vickers C, Barron C, Balian L, Wilson J, Edwards A, England T, Hedstrom A, Bedford E, Harper M, Melikyan E, Abbott W, Subramanian K, Goldsworthy M, Srinivasan M, Yeomans A, Donaldson D, Hurford F, Chapman R, Shahzad S, David O, Motherwell N, Tonks L, Young R, Ghani U, Mukherjee I, Dutta D, Obaid M, Brown P, Davis F, Ward D, Turfrey J, Cartwright B, Topia B, Spurway J, Collins K, Bakawala R, Hughes C, Oconnell S, Hill L, Chatterjee K, Webster T, Haider S, Rushworth P, Macleod F, Nallasivan A, Perkins C, Burns E, Leason S, Carter T, Seagrave S, Sami E, Armstrong L, Naqvi SN, Hassan M, Parkinson S, Mawer S, Darnbrook G, Booth C, Hairsine B, Smith M, Williamson S, Farquhar F, Esisi B, Cassidy T, Mankin G, Mcclelland B, Bokhari M, Sproates D, Epstein E, Hurdowar S, Blackburn R, Sukhdeep N, Razak S, Osman K, Hashmi A, Upton N, Harrington F, Courtauld G, Schofield C, Lucas L, Adie K, Bond K, Mate A, Skewes J, James A, Brodie C, Johnson M, Allsop L, Driver E, Harris K, Drake M, Ellis S, Maund B, Thomas E, Moore K, Burn M, Hamilton A, Mahalingam S, Misra A, Reid F, Benford A, Hilton D, Hazell L, Ofori K, Thomas AL, Mathew M, Dayal S, Burn I, Fotherby K, Jennings-Preece K, Willberry A, Morgan D, Butler D, Sahota G, Kauldhar K, Ahmad N, Stevens A, Das S, Bruce D, Pai Y, Nyo K, Stephenson L, Nendick R, Rogers G, Dhakal M, Dima S, Brown E, Clayton S, Gamble P, Naeem M, Hayman R, Burnip R, Earnshaw P, Hargroves D, Ransom B, Rudenko H, Balogun I, Griffiths K, Mears K, Webb T, Cowie L, Hammond T, Thomson A, Ceccarelli D, Chattha N, Beranova E, Verrion A, Gillian A, Schumacher N, Bahk A, Walker S, Cvoro V, Mccormick K, Chapman N, Pound S, Cain R, Mcauley S, Couser M, Simpson M, Tachtatzis A, Ullah K, Sims D, Jones R, Smith J, Tongue R, Willmot M, Sutton C, Littleton E, Khaira J, Maiden S, Cunningham J, Green C, Chin YM, Bates M, Ahlquist K, Kane I, Breeds J, Sargent T, Latter L, Pitt Ford A, Gainsborough N, Levett T, Thompson P, Barbon E, Dunne A, Hervey S, Ragab S, Sandell T, Dickson C, Dube J, Power S, Evans N, Wadams B, Elitova S, Aubrey B, Garcia T, Mcilmoyle J, Jeffs C, Dickinson C, Ahmed A, Kumar S, Frudd J, Armer C, Potter A, Donaldson S, Howard J, Jones K, Dhar S, Collas D, Sundayi S, Denham L, Oza D, Walker E, Cunningham J, Bhandari M, Ispoglou S, Evans R, Sharobeem K, Walton E, Shanu S, Hayes A, Howard-Brown J, Billingham S, Weir N, Pressly V, Wood E, Sykes L, Howard G, Burton H, Crawford P, Egerton S, Evans S, Hakkak J, Andrews J, Lampard R, Allen C, Walters A, Said R, Marigold JR, Tsang SM, Creeden R, Cox C, Smith S, Gartrell I, Smith F, Jenkins C, Pryor J, Hedges A, Price F, Moseley L, Mercer L, Hughes C, Mcgowan D, Azim A, White J, Krasinska-Chavez M, Chaplin S, Curtis J, Singh D, Imam J, Nicolson A, Alam S, Whitworth S, Wood L, Warburton E, Kelly S, Mcgee J, Markus H, Chandrasena D, Hayden D, Sesay J, Hayhoe H, Bolton M, Macdonald J, Mitchell J, Farron C, Amis E, Day D, Culbert A, Espanol A, Hannon N, Handley D, Finlay S, Crisp S, Whitehead L, Francis J, Oconnell J, Osborne E, Beard R, Krishnamurthy R, Mokoena L, Sattar N, Myint M, Edwards M, Smith A, Corrigan P, Byrne A, Blackburn J, Mcghee C, Smart A, Macleod M, Donaldson F, Copeland C, Wilson J, Scott R, Fitzsimmons P, Lopez P, Wilkinson M, Manoj A, Cox P, Trainor L, Fletcher G, Denny L, Kavanagh K, Allsop H, Emsley H, Sultan S, Mcloughlin A, Walmsley B, Hough L, Ahmed S, Doyle D, Gregary B, Raj S, Nagaratnam K, Mannava N, Haque N, Shields N, Preston K, Mason G, Short K, Lumsdale G, Uitenbosch G, Sukys U, Valentine S, Jarrett D, Dodsworth K, Wands M, Khan N, Tandy J, Watkinson C, Golding W, Butler R, Williams M, Davies Y, Yip K, James C, Suttling A, Maney A, Gamble GE, Hague A, Charles B, Blane S, Duran B, Lambert C, Stagg K, Whiting R, Homan JE, Brown S, Hussain M, Harvey M, Graham L, Foote L, Lane C, Kemp L(J, Rowe J, Durman H, Foot J, Brotherton L, Hunt N, Pawley C, Whitcher A, Sutton P, Mcdonald S, Pak D, Wiltshire A, Jagger J, Metcalf AK, Healey GL, Balami J, Self CM, Crofts M, Chakrabarti A, Hmu C, Ravenhill G, Grimmer C, Soe T, Keshet-Price J, Langley M, Potter I, Tam PL, Macleod MJ, Cooper P, Christie M, Irvine J, Annison F, Christie D, Meneses C, Johnson A, Joyson A, Nelson S, Taylor V, Reid J, Clarke R, Furnace J, Gow H, Abousleiman Y, Beadling T, Collins S, Jones S, Purcell J, Bloom S, Goshawk S, Landicho M, Sangaralingham S, Begum Y, Mutton S, Munuswamy Vaiyapuri E, Allen J, Lowe J, Hughes M, Wiggam I, Cuddy S, Tauro S, Wells B, Mohd Nor A, Eglinton C, Persad N, Kalita M, Weatherby S, Brown C, Pace A, Lashley D, Marner M, Weinling M, Wilmshurst N, Waugh D, Mucha A, Shah A, Baker J, Westcott J, Cowan R, Vasileiadis E, Mumani S, Parry A, Mason C, Holden M, Petrides K, Nishiyama T, Mehta H, Krishnan M, Lynne D, Thomas L, Lynda C, Hughes C, Clements C, Williams R, Anjum T, Sharon S, Tucker S, Jones P, Colwill D, Thompson Jones H, Chadha D, Fairweather M, Walstow D, Fong R, Johnston S, Almadenboyle C, Ross S, Carson S, Nair P, Tenbruck E, Stirling M, Pusalkar A, Beadle H, Chan K, Dangri P, Asokanathan A, Rana A, Gohil S, Massyn M, Aruldoss P, Cook A, Crabtree K, Dabbagh S, Black T, Clarke C, Mead D, Fennelly R, Anthony A, Nardone L, Dimartino V, Tribbeck M, Broughton D, Tryambake D, Dixon L, Skotnicka A, Thompson J, Whitehouse S, Sigsworth A, Wong J, Annamalai A, Pagan J, Affley B, Sunderland C, Goldenberg L, Khan A, Wilkinson P, Nari R, Abbott L, Young E, Shakhon A, Lock S, Stewart J, Pereira R, Dsouza M, Dunn S, Mckenna AM, Cron N, Kidd M, Hull G, Bunworth K, Drummond G, Mahawish K, Hayes N, Connell L, Simpson J, Penney H, Punekar S, Nevinson J, Wareing W, Ward J, Greenwood R, Austin D, Banaras A, Hogan C, Corbett T, Oji N, Elliott E, Brezitski M, Passeron N, Howaniec L, Watchurst C, Patel K, Erande R, Shah R, Sengupta N, Metiu M, Gonzalez C, Funnell S, Margalef J, Peters G, Chadbourn I, Sivakumar R, Saksena R, Ketley-O'donel J, Needle R, Chinery E, Wright A, Cook S, Ngeh J, Proeschel H, Cook P, Ashcroft P, Sharpe S, Jones S, Jenkinson D, Kelly D, Bray H, Gunathilagan G, Griffiths K, Mears K, Gillian A, Jones S, Tilbey S, Abubakar S, Beranova E, Vassallo J, Leonard D, Orrell L, Hasan A, Khan A, Qamar S, Graham S, Hewitt E, Awolesi J, Haque M, Kent A, Bradshaw E, Cooper M, Wynter I, Rajapakse A, Janbieh J, Nasar AM, Wade L, Otter L, Haigh S, Burgoyne JR, Boulton R, Boulton A, Rayessa R, Clarkson E, Rhian H, Fleming A, Mitchelson K, Lowthorpe V, Abdul-Hamid A, Jones P, Duggan C, Hynes A, Nurse E, Raza SA, Jones S, Pallikona U, Edwards B, Morgan G, Dennett K, Tench H, Loosley R, Trugeon-Smith T, Jones R, Williams R, Robson D, Mavinamane S, Meenakshisundaram S, Ranga L, Dealing S, Hill A, Hargreaves M, Smith T, Bate J, Harrison L, Kirthivasan R, Cannon E, Topliffe J, Keskeys R, Williams S, Mcneela F, Cairns F, James T, Lyle A, Shah S, Zachariah G, Fergey L, Smolen S, Cooper L, Bohannan E, Omer S, Amlani S, Hunter N, Hawkes-Blackburn M, Gulli G, Peacocke A, Amero J, Burova M, Speirs O, Levy S, Francis L, Holland S, Brotheridge S, Lyon H, Hare C, Jackson S, Stephenson L, Al Hussayni S, Featherstone J, Bwalya A, Singh A, Goorah MN, Walford J, Bell A, Kelly C, Rusk D, Sutton D, Patel F, Duberley S, Hayes K, Hunt L, El Nour A, Cottrell P, Westmoreland J, Honour S, Box C, Wood P, Haritakis M, Dyer S, Brown L, Elliott K, Temlett E, Paterson J, Furness R, Young S, Orugun E, Brewer C, Thornthwaite S, Crowther H, Glover R, Sein M, Haque K, Gibson E, Wong S, Rotchell K, Burton K, Brookes L, Bailey L, Leonard D, Lindley C, Murray A, Waltho K, Holland M, Kumar P, Harlekar P, Booth L, Culmsee C, Drew J, Khan M, Mackenzie N, Thomas C, Ritchie J, Barker J, Haley M, Cotterill D, Lane L, Little C, Simmons D, Saunders G, Dymond H, Kidd S, Warinton R, Neves-Silva Y, Nevajda B, Villaruel M, Umasankar U, Patel S, Man A, Christmas N, Rangasamy R, Ladner R, Butt G, Alvares W, Gadi N, Power M, Wroath B, Dynan K, Wilson D, Crothers S, Leonard C, Hagan S, Douris G, Vahidassr D, Thompson A, Gallen B, Mckenna S, Edwards C, Mcgoldrick C, Bhattad M, Kawafi K, Morse D, Jacob P, Turner L, Saravanan N, Johnson L, Humphrey S, Namushi R, Patel R, Mclaughlin J, Omahony P, Osikominu E, Orefo C, Mcdonald C, Jones V, Makanju E, Khan T, Appiatse G, Stone H, Augustin M, Wardale A, Salehin M, Bailey D, Garcia-Alen L, Kalathil L, Tinsley S, Jones T, Amor K, Ritchings A, Margerum E, Horton J, Miller R, Gautam N, Meir J, Jones A, Putteril J, Lepore M, Makanju E, Gallifent R, Arundell LL, Mcredmond C, Goulding A, Nadarajan V, Laurence J, Fung Lo S, Melander S, Nicholas P, Woodford E, Mckenzie G, Le V, Crause J, Luder R, Bhargava M, Shah R, Bhome G, Johnson VV, Chesser D, Bridger H, Murali E, Scott J, Morrison S, Burns A, Graham J, Duffy M, Ali K, Sargent T, Pitcher E, Gaylard J, Newman J, Punnoose S, Besley S, Purohit K, Rees A, Davy M, Chohan O, Khan MF, Walker R, Murray V, Bent C, Oakley S, Blight A, Peixoto C, Jones S, Livingstone G, Butler F, Bradfield S, Gordon L, Schmit J, Wijewardane A, Edmunds T, Wills R, Medcalf C, Argandona L, Cuenoud L, Hassan H, Erumere E, Ocallaghan A, Gompertz P, Redjep O, Auld G, Howaniec L, Song A, Tarkas T, Kabash H, Hungwe R. Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2019; 393:265-274. [PMID: 30528472 PMCID: PMC6336936 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of small trials indicate that fluoxetine might improve functional outcomes after stroke. The FOCUS trial aimed to provide a precise estimate of these effects. METHODS FOCUS was a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial done at 103 hospitals in the UK. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older, had a clinical stroke diagnosis, were enrolled and randomly assigned between 2 days and 15 days after onset, and had focal neurological deficits. Patients were randomly allocated fluoxetine 20 mg or matching placebo orally once daily for 6 months via a web-based system by use of a minimisation algorithm. The primary outcome was functional status, measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), at 6 months. Patients, carers, health-care staff, and the trial team were masked to treatment allocation. Functional status was assessed at 6 months and 12 months after randomisation. Patients were analysed according to their treatment allocation. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN83290762. FINDINGS Between Sept 10, 2012, and March 31, 2017, 3127 patients were recruited. 1564 patients were allocated fluoxetine and 1563 allocated placebo. mRS data at 6 months were available for 1553 (99·3%) patients in each treatment group. The distribution across mRS categories at 6 months was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (common odds ratio adjusted for minimisation variables 0·951 [95% CI 0·839-1·079]; p=0·439). Patients allocated fluoxetine were less likely than those allocated placebo to develop new depression by 6 months (210 [13·43%] patients vs 269 [17·21%]; difference 3·78% [95% CI 1·26-6·30]; p=0·0033), but they had more bone fractures (45 [2·88%] vs 23 [1·47%]; difference 1·41% [95% CI 0·38-2·43]; p=0·0070). There were no significant differences in any other event at 6 or 12 months. INTERPRETATION Fluoxetine 20 mg given daily for 6 months after acute stroke does not seem to improve functional outcomes. Although the treatment reduced the occurrence of depression, it increased the frequency of bone fractures. These results do not support the routine use of fluoxetine either for the prevention of post-stroke depression or to promote recovery of function. FUNDING UK Stroke Association and NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme.
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Chun HYY, Whiteley W, Dennis M, Mead G, Carson A. 81POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AFTER MILD STROKE AND TRANSIENT ISCHAEMIC ATTACK: PSYCHIATRIC CO-MORBIDITY AND SYMPTOM CLUSTER DISTRIBUTION. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy135.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H -Y Y Chun
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - W Whiteley
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - M Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - G Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - A Carson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh
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Morton S, Fitzsimons C, Hall J, Clarke D, Forster A, English C, Chastin S, Birch KM, Mead G. Sedentary behavior after stroke: A new target for therapeutic intervention. Int J Stroke 2018; 14:9-11. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493018784505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, evidence has emerged that too much sedentary time (e.g. time spent sitting down) has adverse effects on health, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. A considerable amount of media attention has been given to the topic. The current UK activity guidelines recommend that all adults should minimize the amount of time spent being sedentary for extended periods. How best to minimize sedentary behavior is a focus of ongoing research. Understanding the impact of sedentary behaviors on the health of people with stroke is vital as they are some of the most sedentary individuals in society. Implementing strategies to encourage regular, short breaks in sedentary behaviors has potential to improve health outcomes after stroke. Intervention work already conducted with adults and older adults suggests that sedentary behaviors can be changed. A research priority is to explore the determinants of sedentary behavior in people with stroke and to develop tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Morton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jennifer Hall
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - David Clarke
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Anne Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- School of Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen M Birch
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kendall M, Cowey E, Mead G, Barber M, McAlpine C, Stott DJ, Boyd K, Murray SA. Outcomes, experiences and palliative care in major stroke: a multicentre, mixed-method, longitudinal study. CMAJ 2018; 190:E238-E246. [PMID: 29507155 PMCID: PMC5837872 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.170604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Case fatality after total anterior circulation stroke is high. Our objective was to describe the experiences and needs of patients and caregivers, and to explore whether, and how, palliative care should be integrated into stroke care. METHODS From 3 stroke services in Scotland, we recruited a purposive sample of people with total anterior circulation stroke, and conducted serial, qualitative interviews with them and their informal and professional caregivers at 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. Interviews were transcribed for thematic and narrative analysis. The Palliative Care Outcome Scale, EuroQol-5D-5L and Caregiver Strain Index questionnaires were completed after interviews. We also conducted a data linkage study of all patients with anterior circulation stroke admitted to the 3 services over 6 months, which included case fatality, place of death and readmissions. RESULTS Data linkage (n = 219) showed that 57% of patients with total anterior circulation stroke died within 6 months. The questionnaires recorded that the patients experienced immediate and persistent emotional distress and poor quality of life. We conducted 99 interviews with 34 patients and their informal and professional careers. We identified several major themes. Patients and caregivers faced death or a life not worth living. Those who survived felt grief for a former life. Professionals focused on physical rehabilitation rather than preparation for death or limited recovery. Future planning was challenging. "Palliative care" had connotations of treatment withdrawal and imminent death. INTERPRETATION Major stroke brings likelihood of death but little preparation. Realistic planning with patients and informal caregivers should be offered, raising the possibility of death or survival with disability. Practising the principles of palliative care is needed, but the term "palliative care" should be avoided or reframed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Kendall
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group (Kendall, Boyd, Murray), University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing (Nursing & Health Care) (Cowey), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Mead), Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Medicine for the Elderly (Barber), Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary (McAlpine), Glasgow, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (Stott), University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Eileen Cowey
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group (Kendall, Boyd, Murray), University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing (Nursing & Health Care) (Cowey), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Mead), Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Medicine for the Elderly (Barber), Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary (McAlpine), Glasgow, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (Stott), University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gillian Mead
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group (Kendall, Boyd, Murray), University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing (Nursing & Health Care) (Cowey), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Mead), Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Medicine for the Elderly (Barber), Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary (McAlpine), Glasgow, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (Stott), University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Mark Barber
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group (Kendall, Boyd, Murray), University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing (Nursing & Health Care) (Cowey), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Mead), Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Medicine for the Elderly (Barber), Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary (McAlpine), Glasgow, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (Stott), University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Christine McAlpine
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group (Kendall, Boyd, Murray), University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing (Nursing & Health Care) (Cowey), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Mead), Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Medicine for the Elderly (Barber), Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary (McAlpine), Glasgow, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (Stott), University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - David J Stott
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group (Kendall, Boyd, Murray), University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing (Nursing & Health Care) (Cowey), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Mead), Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Medicine for the Elderly (Barber), Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary (McAlpine), Glasgow, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (Stott), University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Kirsty Boyd
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group (Kendall, Boyd, Murray), University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing (Nursing & Health Care) (Cowey), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Mead), Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Medicine for the Elderly (Barber), Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary (McAlpine), Glasgow, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (Stott), University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Scott A Murray
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group (Kendall, Boyd, Murray), University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland; School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing (Nursing & Health Care) (Cowey), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Mead), Edinburgh, Scotland; Department of Medicine for the Elderly (Barber), Monklands Hospital, Airdrie, UK; Glasgow Royal Infirmary (McAlpine), Glasgow, Scotland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (Stott), University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
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Graham C, Lewis S, Forbes J, Mead G, Hackett ML, Hankey GJ, Gommans J, Nguyen HT, Lundström E, Isaksson E, Näsman P, Rudberg AS, Dennis M. The FOCUS, AFFINITY and EFFECTS trials studying the effect(s) of fluoxetine in patients with a recent stroke: statistical and health economic analysis plan for the trials and for the individual patient data meta-analysis. Trials 2017; 18:627. [PMID: 29282099 PMCID: PMC5745973 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small trials have suggested that fluoxetine may improve neurological recovery from stroke. FOCUS, AFFINITY and EFFECTS are a family of investigator-led, multicentre, parallel group, randomised, placebo-controlled trials which aim to determine whether the routine administration of fluoxetine (20 mg daily) for six months after an acute stroke improves patients' functional outcome. METHODS/DESIGN The core protocol for the three trials has been published (Mead et al., Trials 20:369, 2015). The trials include patients aged 18 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of stroke and persisting focal neurological deficits at randomisation 2-15 days after stroke onset. Patients are randomised centrally via each trials' web-based randomisation system using a common minimisation algorithm. Patients are allocated fluoxetine 20 mg once daily or matching placebo capsules for six months. The primary outcome measure is the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at six months. Secondary outcomes include: living circumstances; the Stroke Impact Scale; EuroQol (EQ5D-5 L); the vitality subscale of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF36); diagnosis of depression; adherence to medication; serious adverse events including death and recurrent stroke; and resource use at six and 12 months and the mRS at 12 months. DISCUSSION Minor variations have been tailored to the national setting in the UK (FOCUS), Australia, New Zealand and Vietnam (AFFINITY) and Sweden (EFFECTS). Each trial is run and funded independently and will report its own results. A prospectively planned individual patient data meta-analysis of all three trials will provide the most precise estimate of the overall effect and establish whether any effects differ between trials or subgroups. This statistical analysis plan describes the core analyses for all three trials and that for the individual patient data meta-analysis. Recruitment and follow-up in the FOCUS trial is expected to be completed by the end of 2018. AFFINITY and EFFECTS are likely to complete follow-up in 2020. TRIAL REGISTRATION FOCUS: ISRCTN , ISRCTN83290762 . Registered on 23 May 2012. EudraCT, 2011-005616-29. Registered on 3 February 2012. AFFINITY Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921 . Registered on 22 July 2011. EFFECTS ISRCTN , ISRCTN13020412 . Registered on 19 December 2014. Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02683213 . Registered on 2 February 2016. EudraCT, 2011-006130-16 . Registered on 8 August 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steff Lewis
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Forbes
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building FU303h, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maree L Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graeme J Hankey
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - John Gommans
- Hawke's Bay District Health Board, Hastings, New Zealand
| | - Huy Thang Nguyen
- Department of Cerebro-Vascular Disease, The People's 115 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Erik Lundström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Näsman
- Center for Safety Research, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Rudberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellors Building FU303h, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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Cumming TB, Mead G. Classifying post-stroke fatigue: Optimal cut-off on the Fatigue Assessment Scale. J Psychosom Res 2017; 103:147-149. [PMID: 29167042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-stroke fatigue is common and has debilitating effects on independence and quality of life. The Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) is a valid screening tool for fatigue after stroke, but there is no established cut-off. We sought to identify the optimal cut-off for classifying post-stroke fatigue on the FAS. METHODS In retrospective analysis of two independent datasets (the '2015' and '2007' studies), we evaluated the predictive validity of FAS score against a case definition of fatigue (the criterion standard). Area under the curve (AUC) and sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-off were established in the larger 2015 dataset (n=126), and then independently validated in the 2007 dataset (n=52). RESULTS In the 2015 dataset, AUC was 0.78 (95% CI 0.70-0.86), with the optimal ≥24 cut-off giving a sensitivity of 0.82 and specificity of 0.66. The 2007 dataset had an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.71-0.94), and applying the ≥24 cut-off gave a sensitivity of 0.84 and specificity of 0.67. Post-hoc analysis of the 2015 dataset revealed that using only the 3 most predictive FAS items together ('FAS-3') also yielded good validity: AUC 0.81 (95% CI 0.73-0.89), with sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.75 at the optimal ≥8 cut-off. CONCLUSION We propose ≥24 as a cut-off for classifying post-stroke fatigue on the FAS. While further validation work is needed, this is a positive step towards a coherent approach to reporting fatigue prevalence using the FAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby B Cumming
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Gillian Mead
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Visvanathan A, Dennis M, Mead G, Whiteley WN, Lawton J, Doubal FN. Shared decision making after severe stroke—How can we improve patient and family involvement in treatment decisions? Int J Stroke 2017; 12:920-922. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493017730746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
People who are well may regard survival with disability as being worse than death. However, this is often not the case when those surviving with disability (e.g. stroke survivors) are asked the same question. Many routine treatments provided after an acute stroke (e.g. feeding via a tube) increase survival, but with disability. Therefore, clinicians need to support patients and families in making informed decisions about the use of these treatments, in a process termed shared decision making. This is challenging after acute stroke: there is prognostic uncertainty, patients are often too unwell to participate in decision making, and proxies may not know the patients’ expressed wishes (i.e. values). Patients’ values also change over time and in different situations. There is limited evidence on successful methods to facilitate this process. Changes targeted at components of shared decision making (e.g. decision aids to provide information and discussing patient values) increase patient satisfaction. How this influences decision making is unclear. Presumably, a “shared decision-making tool” that introduces effective changes at various stages in this process might be helpful after acute stroke. For example, by complementing professional judgement with predictions from prognostic models, clinicians could provide information that is more accurate. Decision aids that are personalized may be helpful. Further qualitative research can provide clinicians with a better understanding of patient values and factors influencing this at different time points after a stroke. The evaluation of this tool in its success to achieve outcomes consistent with patients’ values may require more than one clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Visvanathan
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Dennis
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William N Whiteley
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Julia Lawton
- Usher Institute for Population Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fergus Neil Doubal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Morris JH, Kelly C, Joice S, Kroll T, Mead G, Donnan P, Toma M, Williams B. Art participation for psychosocial wellbeing during stroke rehabilitation: a feasibility randomised controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 41:9-18. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1370499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui H. Morris
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris Kelly
- Tayside Healthcare Arts Trust, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Sara Joice
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Thilo Kroll
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Donnan
- Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Madalina Toma
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Brian Williams
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
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Kendall M, Cowey E, Murray SA, Barber M, Borthwick S, Boyd K, McAlpine C, Stott D, Mead G. 162Experiences And Multi-Dimensional Needs of People With Major Stroke And Their Family Carers. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx070.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Doubal FN, Ali M, Batty GD, Charidimou A, Eriksdotter M, Hofmann-Apitius M, Kim YH, Levine DA, Mead G, Mucke HAM, Ritchie CW, Roberts CJ, Russ TC, Stewart R, Whiteley W, Quinn TJ. Big data and data repurposing - using existing data to answer new questions in vascular dementia research. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:72. [PMID: 28412946 PMCID: PMC5392951 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Traditional approaches to clinical research have, as yet, failed to provide effective treatments for vascular dementia (VaD). Novel approaches to collation and synthesis of data may allow for time and cost efficient hypothesis generating and testing. These approaches may have particular utility in helping us understand and treat a complex condition such as VaD. Methods We present an overview of new uses for existing data to progress VaD research. The overview is the result of consultation with various stakeholders, focused literature review and learning from the group’s experience of successful approaches to data repurposing. In particular, we benefitted from the expert discussion and input of delegates at the 9th International Congress on Vascular Dementia (Ljubljana, 16-18th October 2015). Results We agreed on key areas that could be of relevance to VaD research: systematic review of existing studies; individual patient level analyses of existing trials and cohorts and linking electronic health record data to other datasets. We illustrated each theme with a case-study of an existing project that has utilised this approach. Conclusions There are many opportunities for the VaD research community to make better use of existing data. The volume of potentially available data is increasing and the opportunities for using these resources to progress the VaD research agenda are exciting. Of course, these approaches come with inherent limitations and biases, as bigger datasets are not necessarily better datasets and maintaining rigour and critical analysis will be key to optimising data use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus N Doubal
- Stroke Association Garfield Weston Foundation Clinical Senior Lecturer, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Myzoon Ali
- VISTA and VICCTA Coordinator, Institutes of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G David Batty
- Reader in Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Charidimou
- J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Centre, Department of neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Stroke Research Centre, Harvard medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska university hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Chair and Head of Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deborah A Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan and the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Craig W Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charlotte J Roberts
- ICHOM International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Marjorie MacBeath Intermediate Clinical Fellow, Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, & Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - William Whiteley
- MRC Clinician Scientist and Honorary Consultant Neurologist, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Souter C, Kinnear A, Kinnear M, Mead G. A pilot study to assess the practicality, acceptability and feasibility of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist complex intervention on patients with stroke in their own homes. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2017; 24:101-106. [PMID: 31156913 PMCID: PMC6451612 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the practicality, acceptability and feasibility of recruitment, data collection, blood pressure (BP) monitoring and pharmaceutical care processes, in order to inform the design of a definitive randomised controlled trial of a pharmacist complex intervention on patients with stroke in their own homes. METHODS Patients with new stroke from acute, rehabilitation wards and a neurovascular clinic (NVC) were randomised to usual care or to an intervention group who received a home visit at 1, 3 and 6 months from a clinical pharmacist. Pharmaceutical care comprised medication review, medicines and lifestyle advice, pharmaceutical care issue (PCI) resolution and supply of individualised patient information. A pharmaceutical care plan was sent to the General Practitioner and Community Pharmacy. BP and lipids were measured for both groups at baseline and at 6 months. Questionnaires covering satisfaction, quality of life and medicine adherence were administered at 6 months. RESULTS Of the 430 potentially eligible patients, 30 inpatients and 10 NVC outpatients were recruited. Only 33/364 NVC outpatients (9.1%) had new stroke. 35 patients completed the study (intervention=18, usual care=17). Questionnaire completion rates were 91.4% and 84.4%, respectively. BP and lipid measurement processes were unreliable. From 104 identified PCIs, 19/23 recommendations (83%) made to general practitioners were accepted. CONCLUSION Modifications to recruitment is required to include patients with transient ischaemic attack. Questionnaire response rates met criteria but completion rates did not, which merits further analysis. Lipid measurements are not necessary as an outcome measure. A reliable BP-monitoring process is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Souter
- NHS Lothian Pharmacy Service, Western General Hospital and Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Anne Kinnear
- NHS Lothian Pharmacy Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Moira Kinnear
- NHS Lothian Pharmacy Service, Western General Hospital and Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gillian Mead
- Medicine of the Elderly Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Glozier N, Moullaali TJ, Sivertsen B, Kim D, Mead G, Jan S, Li Q, Hackett ML. The Course and Impact of Poststroke Insomnia in Stroke Survivors Aged 18 to 65 Years: Results from the Psychosocial Outcomes In StrokE (POISE) Study
. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2017; 7:9-20. [PMID: 28161702 PMCID: PMC5346918 DOI: 10.1159/000455751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insomnia symptoms are common in the population and have negative psychosocial and functional sequelae. There are no prospective studies of the course of such symptoms and their impact, if any, in stroke survivors. This prospective cohort study investigated insomnia after stroke in working-age adults and evaluated its impact on psychological and functional outcomes over the subsequent year. Methods We prospectively recruited 441 young (<65 years) consecutive stroke survivors from 20 public hospitals in the New South Wales Stroke Service network. Participants were assessed by self-report and interview at 28 days, 6 months, and 12 months after stroke. Insomnia was defined using a common epidemiological measure of sleep disturbance and daytime consequences. Depression, anxiety, disability, and return to work were assessed through standardized measures. Results The point prevalence of insomnia at each time point in the year after stroke was stable at 30–37% and more common in females. Fifty-eight (16%) of all participants reported “chronic” insomnia, with symptoms at both baseline and 6 months later. At 12 months, this group was more likely to be depressed (OR 6.75, 95% CI 2.78–16.4), anxious (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.54–7.09), disabled (OR 3.60, 95% CI 2.07–6.25), and not have returned to work, compared to those without insomnia over the same period. Conclusions Chronic insomnia has a negative effect on disability and return to work 1 year after stroke even after adjusting for demographic, psychiatric, and disability factors. Identifying and appropriately targeting insomnia through known effective treatments may improve functional outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Glozier
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom J Moullaali
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Public Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Dukyeon Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Jan
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qiang Li
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maree L Hackett
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Health, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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Lim JY, Hackett M, Munoz-Venturelli P, Arima H, Middleton S, Olavarria VV, Lavados PM, Brunser AM, Peng B, Cui L, Lee TH, Lin RT, Pontes-Neto OM, Watkins CL, Robinson T, Mead G, Pandian JD, de Silva HA, Anderson CS. Abstract TP371: Monitoring a Large-scale International Cluster Stroke Trial: Lessons From Head Position in Stroke Trial. Stroke 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tp371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose:
There is limited evidence on head positioning in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Potential benefits for lying flat (0°) include improved collateral blood flow in AIS and for head up (30°) reduced cerebral oedema in ICH. The Head Positioning in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST) aims to provide reliable evidence on the optimum head position in acute stroke.
Methods:
HeadPoST is a prospective, cluster randomised, crossover, blinded outcome assessed, clinical trial with consecutive patient recruitment who were positioned within 24 hours of admission. Hospitals were randomised to service organisation to compare lying flat vs. sitting up (≥30°) head positioning of stroke patients. An innovative centralized remote monitoring system was used to assess data quality across participating countries.
Results:
Over a 30 month study period, 10,000+ patients were recruited across 114 hospitals in 9 countries. A web-based monitoring system provided alerts for cross-over time points and achievement of cluster balance. Centralised reports included serious adverse events, protocol deviations, forms completion, data queries, entry delays and data validation, which were distributed to regional co-ordinating centres for action. Details of these procedures are outlined.
Conclusions:
Reliable, complete, and high quality data were required for this pragmatic international nursing care clinical trial, which used a novel cluster cross-over design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Munoz-Venturelli
- Vascular Neurology Unit, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sandy Middleton
- Australian Catholic Univ & St Vincent’s Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veronica V Olavarria
- Vascular Neurology Unit, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo M Lavados
- Vascular Neurology Unit, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro M Brunser
- Vascular Neurology Unit, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bin Peng
- Dept of Neurology, Peking Union Med College Hosp, Chinese Academic Med Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Dept of Neurology, Peking Union Med College Hosp, Chinese Academic Med Science, Beijing, China
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Dept of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Kaohsiung Med Univ Chung-Ho Memorial Hosp, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Caroline L Watkins
- Lancashire Clinical Trials Unit, Univ of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Thompson Robinson
- Univ of Leicester, Dept of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Rsch Unit, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Mead
- Dept of Geriatric Medicine, Cntr for Clinical Brain Sciences, Univ of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeyaraj D Pandian
- Dept of Neurology, Rsch and Development, Christian Med College, Ludhiana, India
| | - H A de Silva
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Univ of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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Mijajlović MD, Pavlović A, Brainin M, Heiss WD, Quinn TJ, Ihle-Hansen HB, Hermann DM, Assayag EB, Richard E, Thiel A, Kliper E, Shin YI, Kim YH, Choi S, Jung S, Lee YB, Sinanović O, Levine DA, Schlesinger I, Mead G, Milošević V, Leys D, Hagberg G, Ursin MH, Teuschl Y, Prokopenko S, Mozheyko E, Bezdenezhnykh A, Matz K, Aleksić V, Muresanu D, Korczyn AD, Bornstein NM. Post-stroke dementia - a comprehensive review. BMC Med 2017; 15:11. [PMID: 28095900 PMCID: PMC5241961 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke dementia (PSD) or post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) may affect up to one third of stroke survivors. Various definitions of PSCI and PSD have been described. We propose PSD as a label for any dementia following stroke in temporal relation. Various tools are available to screen and assess cognition, with few PSD-specific instruments. Choice will depend on purpose of assessment, with differing instruments needed for brief screening (e.g., Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or diagnostic formulation (e.g., NINDS VCI battery). A comprehensive evaluation should include assessment of pre-stroke cognition (e.g., using Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly), mood (e.g., using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and functional consequences of cognitive impairments (e.g., using modified Rankin Scale). A large number of biomarkers for PSD, including indicators for genetic polymorphisms, biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the serum, inflammatory mediators, and peripheral microRNA profiles have been proposed. Currently, no specific biomarkers have been proven to robustly discriminate vulnerable patients ('at risk brains') from those with better prognosis or to discriminate Alzheimer's disease dementia from PSD. Further, neuroimaging is an important diagnostic tool in PSD. The role of computerized tomography is limited to demonstrating type and location of the underlying primary lesion and indicating atrophy and severe white matter changes. Magnetic resonance imaging is the key neuroimaging modality and has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting pathological changes, including small vessel disease. Advanced multi-modal imaging includes diffusion tensor imaging for fiber tracking, by which changes in networks can be detected. Quantitative imaging of cerebral blood flow and metabolism by positron emission tomography can differentiate between vascular dementia and degenerative dementia and show the interaction between vascular and metabolic changes. Additionally, inflammatory changes after ischemia in the brain can be detected, which may play a role together with amyloid deposition in the development of PSD. Prevention of PSD can be achieved by prevention of stroke. As treatment strategies to inhibit the development and mitigate the course of PSD, lowering of blood pressure, statins, neuroprotective drugs, and anti-inflammatory agents have all been studied without convincing evidence of efficacy. Lifestyle interventions, physical activity, and cognitive training have been recently tested, but large controlled trials are still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milija D Mijajlović
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 6, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Pavlović
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 6, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael Brainin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hege B Ihle-Hansen
- Department of internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum, Norway
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Einor Ben Assayag
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sorasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University at SMBD Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Efrat Kliper
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sorasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongHye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - San Jung
- Hallym University Medical Center, Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Bae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Osman Sinanović
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center Tuzla, School of Medicine University of Tuzla, 75000, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Deborah A Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan and the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ilana Schlesinger
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gillian Mead
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vuk Milošević
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Didier Leys
- U1171-Department of Neurology, University of Lille, Inserm, Faculty of Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Guri Hagberg
- Department of internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum, Norway
| | - Marie Helene Ursin
- Department of internal medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål and Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Bærum, Norway
| | - Yvonne Teuschl
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Semyon Prokopenko
- Department of Neurology and Medical Rehabilitation, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena Mozheyko
- Department of Neurology and Medical Rehabilitation, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna Bezdenezhnykh
- Department of Neurology and Medical Rehabilitation, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Karl Matz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Preventive Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Vuk Aleksić
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital CenterZemun, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - DafinFior Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine, Clij-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amos D Korczyn
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Natan M Bornstein
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sorasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dichgans M, Wardlaw J, Smith E, Zietemann V, Seshadri S, Sachdev P, Biessels GJ, Fazekas F, Benavente O, Pantoni L, De Leeuw F, Norrving B, Matthews P, Chen C, Mok V, Düring M, Whiteley W, Shuler K, Alonso A, Black SE, Brayne C, Chabriat H, Cordonnier C, Doubal F, Duzel E, Ewers M, Frayne R, Hachinski V, Ikram MA, Jessen F, Jouvent E, Linn J, O'Brien J, van Oostenbrugge R, Malik R, Mazoyer B, Schmidt R, Sposato LA, Stephan B, Swartz RH, Vernooij M, Viswanathan A, Werring D, Abe K, Allan L, Arba F, Diener H, Davis S, Hankey G, Lees K, Ovbiagele B, Weir C, Bae H, Bath PMW, Bordet R, Breteler M, Choi S, Deary I, DeCarli C, Ebmeier K, Feng L, Greenberg SM, Ihara M, Kalaria R, Kim S, Lim J, Lindley RI, Mead G, Murray A, Quinn T, Ritchie C, Sacco R, Al‐Shahi Salman R, Sprigg N, Sudlow C, Thomas A, van Boxtel M, van der Grond J, van der Lugt A, Yang Y. METACOHORTS for the study of vascular disease and its contribution to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration: An initiative of the Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Disease Research. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1235-1249. [PMID: 27490018 PMCID: PMC5399602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a global problem and major target for health care providers. Although up to 45% of cases are primarily or partly due to cerebrovascular disease, little is known of these mechanisms or treatments because most dementia research still focuses on pure Alzheimer's disease. An improved understanding of the vascular contributions to neurodegeneration and dementia, particularly by small vessel disease, is hampered by imprecise data, including the incidence and prevalence of symptomatic and clinically "silent" cerebrovascular disease, long-term outcomes (cognitive, stroke, or functional), and risk factors. New large collaborative studies with long follow-up are expensive and time consuming, yet substantial data to advance the field are available. In an initiative funded by the Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, 55 international experts surveyed and assessed available data, starting with European cohorts, to promote data sharing to advance understanding of how vascular disease affects brain structure and function, optimize methods for cerebrovascular disease in neurodegeneration research, and focus future research on gaps in knowledge. Here, we summarize the results and recommendations from this initiative. We identified data from over 90 studies, including over 660,000 participants, many being additional to neurodegeneration data initiatives. The enthusiastic response means that cohorts from North America, Australasia, and the Asia Pacific Region are included, creating a truly global, collaborative, data sharing platform, linked to major national dementia initiatives. Furthermore, the revised World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases version 11 should facilitate recognition of vascular-related brain damage by creating one category for all cerebrovascular disease presentations and thus accelerate identification of targets for dementia prevention.
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Muñoz Venturelli P, Robinson T, Lavados PM, Olavarría VV, Arima H, Billot L, Hackett ML, Lim JY, Middleton S, Pontes-Neto O, Peng B, Cui L, Song L, Mead G, Watkins C, Lin RT, Lee TH, Pandian J, de Silva HA, Anderson CS. Regional variation in acute stroke care organisation. J Neurol Sci 2016; 371:126-130. [PMID: 27871433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed regional variation in the organisation of stroke services, particularly health care resourcing, presence of protocols and discharge planning. Our aim was to compare stroke care organisation within middle- (MIC) and high-income country (HIC) hospitals participating in the Head Position in Stroke Trial (HeadPoST). METHODS HeadPoST is an on-going international multicenter crossover cluster-randomized trial of 'sitting-up' versus 'lying-flat' head positioning in acute stroke. As part of the start-up phase, one stroke care organisation questionnaire was completed at each hospital. The World Bank gross national income per capita criteria were used for classification. RESULTS 94 hospitals from 9 countries completed the questionnaire, 51 corresponding to MIC and 43 to HIC. Most participating hospitals had a dedicated stroke care unit/ward, with access to diagnostic services and expert stroke physicians, and offering intravenous thrombolysis. There was no difference for the presence of a dedicated multidisciplinary stroke team, although greater access to a broad spectrum of rehabilitation therapists in HIC compared to MIC hospitals was observed. Significantly more patients arrived within a 4-h window of symptoms onset in HIC hospitals (41 vs. 13%; P<0.001), and a significantly higher proportion of acute ischemic stroke patients received intravenous thrombolysis (10 vs. 5%; P=0.002) compared to MIC hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Although all hospitals provided advanced care for people with stroke, differences were found in stroke care organisation and treatment. Future multilevel analyses aims to determine the influence of specific organisational factors on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Muñoz Venturelli
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Unidad de Neurología Vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thompson Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Cardiovascular Disease, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pablo M Lavados
- Unidad de Neurología Vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica V Olavarría
- Unidad de Neurología Vascular, Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Laurent Billot
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree L Hackett
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Joyce Y Lim
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandy Middleton
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincents Health Australia (Sydney) and Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Octavio Pontes-Neto
- Stroke Service, Neurology Division, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lily Song
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai 85th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Gillian Mead
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Caroline Watkins
- College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK; Nursing Research Institute, St Vincents Health Australia (Sydney) and Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Hai Lee
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeyaraj Pandian
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - H Asita de Silva
- Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Craig S Anderson
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; The George Institute, China, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China.
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Verschuren O, de Haan F, Mead G, Fengler B, Visser-Meily A. Characterizing Energy Expenditure During Sedentary Behavior After Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 97:232-7. [PMID: 26431671 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure and calculate the energy expended by people with stroke during near sedentary behaviors (lying, supported and unsupported sitting, standing, wheelchair propulsion, walking), under controlled laboratory conditions, and to compare these values with the energy expenditure of 1.5 metabolic equivalent task (MET) within the definition of sedentary behavior. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Rehabilitation institutions. PARTICIPANTS People with stroke (N=27; mean age, 61.0±11.7y), categorized at Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) 0 to 5. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Energy expenditure (measured using indirect calorimetry) expressed in METs. The recorded values were calculated for every participant and averaged for each activity: lying, supported and unsupported sitting, standing, wheelchair propulsion, and walking. Calculations were done for the total group and categorized by the FAC. RESULTS For the total group the mean METs ± SDs were 1.04±.11 for sitting supported, 1.09±.15 for sitting unsupported, 1.31±.25 for standing, 1.91±.42 for wheelchair propulsion, and 2.52±.55 for walking. People with stroke in all FAC had METs values >1.5 when propelling a wheelchair or walking. CONCLUSIONS Energy expenditure during typical sedentary behaviors (ie, sitting) is narrowly bounded at approximately 1.0 MET. Energy expenditure during sitting and standing was ≤1.5 MET for all FAC, with the exception of FAC 0 (1.6 MET during standing). Independent wheelchair propulsion and walking can be categorized as light activities (≥1.5 MET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Verschuren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Femke de Haan
- De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian Mead
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ben Fengler
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Visser-Meily
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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