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Cantwell C, McGrath JS, Smith CA, Whyte G. Image-Based Feedback of Multi-Component Microdroplets for Ultra-Monodispersed Library Preparation. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:27. [PMID: 38258146 PMCID: PMC10820162 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Using devices with microfluidic channels can allow for precise control over liquids flowing through them. Merging flows of immiscible liquids can create emulsions with highly monodispersed microdroplets within a carrier liquid, which are ideal for miniaturised reaction vessels which can be generated with a high throughput of tens of thousands of droplets per second. Control of the size and composition of these droplets is generally performed by controlling the pumping system pushing the liquids into the device; however, this is an indirect manipulation and inadequate if absolute precision is required in the size or composition of the droplets. In this work, we extend the previous development of image-based closed-loop feedback control over microdroplet generation to allow for the control of not only the size of droplets but also the composition by merging two aqueous flows. The feedback allows direct control over the desired parameters of volume and ratio of the two components over a wide range of ratios and outperforms current techniques in terms of monodispersity in volume and composition. This technique is ideal for situations where precise control over droplets is critical, or where a library of droplets of different concentrations but the same volume is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Cantwell
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - John S. McGrath
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, Granta Centre, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK
| | - Clive A. Smith
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, Granta Centre, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Buck E, Burt J, Karampatsas K, Hsia Y, Whyte G, Amirthalingam G, Skirrow H, Le Doare K. 'Unable to have a proper conversation over the phone about my concerns': a multimethods evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on routine childhood vaccination services in London, UK. Public Health 2023; 225:229-236. [PMID: 37944278 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigating the completion rate of 12-month vaccinations and parental perspectives on vaccine services during COVID-19. STUDY-DESIGN Service evaluation including parental questionnaire. METHODS Uptake of 12-month vaccinations in three London general practices during three periods: pre-COVID (1/3/2018-28/2/2019, n = 826), during COVID (1/3/2019-28/2/2020, n = 775) and post-COVID first wave (1/8/2020-31/1/2021, n = 419). Questionnaire of parents whose children were registered at the practices (1/4/2019-1/22/2021, n = 1350). RESULTS Comparing pre-COVID and both COVID cohorts, the completion rates of 12-month vaccines were lower. Haemophilus influenzae type B/meningococcal group C (Hib/MenC) vaccination uptake was 5.6% lower (89.0% vs 83.4%, P=<0.001), meningococcal group B (MenB) booster uptake was 4.4% lower (87.3% vs 82.9%, P = 0.006), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) booster uptake was 6% lower (88.0% vs 82.0%, P < 0.001) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine uptake was 5.2% lower (89.1% vs 83.9%, P = 0.003). Black/Black-British ethnicity children had increased odds of missing their 12-month vaccinations compared to White ethnicity children (adjusted odds ratio 0.43 [95% confidence interval 0.24-0.79, P = 0.005; 0.36 [0.20-0.65], P < 0.001; 0.48 [0.27-0.87], P = 0.01; 0.40 [0.22-0.73], P = 0.002; for Hib/MenC, MenB booster, PCV booster and MMR. Comparing pre-COVID and COVID periods, vaccinations coded as not booked increased for MMR (10%), MenB (7%) and PCV booster (8%). Parents reported changes to vaccination services during COVID-19, including difficulties booking and attending appointments and lack of vaccination reminders. CONCLUSION A sustained decrease in 12-month childhood vaccination uptake disproportionally affected Black/Black British ethnicity infants during the first wave of the pandemic. Vaccination reminders and availability of healthcare professionals to discuss parental vaccine queries are vital to maintaining uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Buck
- St George's Hospital Medical School, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - J Burt
- Ashford and St Peter's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - K Karampatsas
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Hsia
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - G Whyte
- North Croydon Medical Centre, United Kingdom
| | - G Amirthalingam
- Immunisation and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Division, UK Health Security Agency, United Kingdom
| | - H Skirrow
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - K Le Doare
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; MRC/UVRI @LHSTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; Pathogen Immunity Group, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, United Kingdom
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3
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Kermanizadeh A, Valli J, Sanchez K, Hutter S, Pawlowska A, Whyte G, Moritz W, Stone V. Particulate and drug-induced toxicity assessed in novel quadruple cell human primary hepatic disease models of steatosis and pre-fibrotic NASH. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:287-303. [PMID: 34668024 PMCID: PMC8748349 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to replace, reduce and refine animal experimentation, there is an unmet need to advance current in vitro models that offer features with physiological relevance and enhanced predictivity of in vivo toxicological output. Hepatic toxicology is key following chemical, drug and nanomaterials (NMs) exposure, as the liver is vital in metabolic detoxification of chemicals as well as being a major site of xenobiotic accumulation (i.e., low solubility particulates). With the ever-increasing production of NMs, there is a necessity to evaluate the probability of consequential adverse effects, not only in health but also in clinically asymptomatic liver, as part of risk stratification strategies. In this study, two unique disease initiation and maintenance protocols were developed and utilised to mimic steatosis and pre-fibrotic NASH in scaffold-free 3D liver microtissues (MT) composed of primary human hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The characterized diseased MT were utilized for the toxicological assessment of a panel of xenobiotics. Highlights from the study included: 1. Clear experimental evidence for the pre-existing liver disease is important in the augmentation of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity and 2. NMs are able to activate stellate cells. The data demonstrated that pre-existing disease is vital in the intensification of xenobiotic-induced liver damage. Therefore, it is imperative that all stages of the wide spectrum of liver disease are incorporated in risk assessment strategies. This is of significant consequence, as a substantial number of the general population suffer from sub-clinical liver injury without any apparent or diagnosed manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kermanizadeh
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK. .,School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Jessica Valli
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Simon Hutter
- InSphero AG, Wagistrasse 27a, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Graeme Whyte
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Choudhury D, McNicholl DK, Repetti A, Gris-Sánchez I, Li S, Phillips DB, Whyte G, Birks TA, Wiaux Y, Thomson RR. Computational optical imaging with a photonic lantern. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5217. [PMID: 33060608 PMCID: PMC7562926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The thin and flexible nature of optical fibres often makes them the ideal technology to view biological processes in-vivo, but current microendoscopic approaches are limited in spatial resolution. Here, we demonstrate a route to high resolution microendoscopy using a multicore fibre (MCF) with an adiabatic multimode-to-single-mode “photonic lantern” transition formed at the distal end by tapering. We show that distinct multimode patterns of light can be projected from the output of the lantern by individually exciting the single-mode MCF cores, and that these patterns are highly stable to fibre movement. This capability is then exploited to demonstrate a form of single-pixel imaging, where a single pixel detector is used to detect the fraction of light transmitted through the object for each multimode pattern. A custom computational imaging algorithm we call SARA-COIL is used to reconstruct the object using only the pre-measured multimode patterns themselves and the detector signals. Here, the authors demonstrate a route to high resolution microendoscopy using a multicore fibre with a photonic lantern. They show that distinct multimode patterns of light can be projected from the output of the lantern by individually exciting the single-mode MCF cores, whose patterns are highly stable to fibre movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaditya Choudhury
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.,EPSRC IRC Hub, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Duncan K McNicholl
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.,EPSRC IRC Hub, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Audrey Repetti
- Institute of Sensors, Signals and System, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.,Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Itandehui Gris-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.,ITEAM Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Shuhui Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - David B Phillips
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Tim A Birks
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yves Wiaux
- Institute of Sensors, Signals and System, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Robert R Thomson
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK. .,EPSRC IRC Hub, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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5
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Abstract
The recent boom in single-cell omics has brought researchers one step closer to understanding the biological mechanisms associated with cell heterogeneity. Rare cells that have historically been obscured by bulk measurement techniques are being studied by single cell analysis and providing valuable insight into cell function. To support this progress, novel upstream capabilities are required for single cell preparation for analysis. Presented here is a droplet microfluidic, image-based single-cell sorting technique that is flexible and programmable. The automated system performs real-time dual-camera imaging (brightfield & fluorescent), processing, decision making and sorting verification. To demonstrate capabilities, the system was used to overcome the Poisson loading problem by sorting for droplets containing a single red blood cell with 85% purity. Furthermore, fluorescent imaging and machine learning was used to load single K562 cells amongst clusters based on their instantaneous size and circularity. The presented system aspires to replace manual cell handling techniques by translating expert knowledge into cell sorting automation via machine learning algorithms. This powerful technique finds application in the enrichment of single cells based on their micrographs for further downstream processing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsincan Sesen
- Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Heriot-Watt University, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
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Guzniczak E, Otto O, Whyte G, Willoughby N, Jimenez M, Bridle H. Correction: Deformability-induced lift force in spiral microchannels for cell separation. Lab Chip 2020; 20:1877. [PMID: 32342962 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc90036b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Deformability-induced lift force in spiral microchannels for cell separation' by Ewa Guzniczak et al., Lab Chip, 2020, 20, 614-625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Guzniczak
- School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
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Guzniczak E, Otto O, Whyte G, Chandra T, Robertson NA, Willoughby N, Jimenez M, Bridle H. Purifying stem cell-derived red blood cells: a high-throughput label-free downstream processing strategy based on microfluidic spiral inertial separation and membrane filtration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2032-2045. [PMID: 32100873 PMCID: PMC7383897 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics, such as in vitro manufactured red blood cells (mRBCs), are different to traditional biopharmaceutical products (the final product being the cells themselves as opposed to biological molecules such as proteins) and that presents a challenge of developing new robust and economically feasible manufacturing processes, especially for sample purification. Current purification technologies have limited throughput, rely on expensive fluorescent or magnetic immunolabeling with a significant (up to 70%) cell loss and quality impairment. To address this challenge, previously characterized mechanical properties of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells undergoing in vitro erythropoiesis were used to develop an mRBC purification strategy. The approach consists of two main stages: (a) a microfluidic separation using inertial focusing for deformability-based sorting of enucleated cells (mRBC) from nuclei and nucleated cells resulting in 70% purity and (b) membrane filtration to enhance the purity to 99%. Herein, we propose a new route for high-throughput (processing millions of cells/min and mls of medium/min) purification process for mRBC, leading to high mRBC purity while maintaining cell integrity and no alterations in their global gene expression profile. Further adaption of this separation approach offers a potential route for processing of a wide range of cellular products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Guzniczak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence - Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Neil A Robertson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Nik Willoughby
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Melanie Jimenez
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Helen Bridle
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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8
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Guzniczak E, Otto O, Whyte G, Willoughby N, Jimenez M, Bridle H. Deformability-induced lift force in spiral microchannels for cell separation. Lab Chip 2020; 20:614-625. [PMID: 31915780 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell sorting and isolation from a heterogeneous mixture is a crucial task in many aspects of cell biology, biotechnology and medicine. Recently, there has been an interest in methods allowing cell separation upon their intrinsic properties such as cell size and deformability, without the need for use of biochemical labels. Inertial focusing in spiral microchannels has been recognised as an attractive approach for high-throughput cell sorting for myriad point of care and clinical diagnostics. Particles of different sizes interact to a different degree with the fluid flow pattern generated within the spiral microchannel and that leads to particles ordering and separation based on size. However, the deformable nature of cells adds complexity to their ordering within the spiral channels. Herein, an additional force, deformability-induced lift force (FD), involved in the cell focusing mechanism within spiral microchannels has been identified, investigated and reported for the first time, using a cellular deformability model (where the deformability of cells is gradually altered using chemical treatments). Using this model, we demonstrated that spiral microchannels are capable of separating cells of the same size but different deformability properties, extending the capability of the previous method. We have developed a unique label-free approach for deformability-based purification through coupling the effect of FD with inertial focusing in spiral microchannels. This microfluidic-based purification strategy, free of the modifying immuno-labels, allowing cell processing at a large scale (millions of cells per min and mls of medium per minute), up to high purities and separation efficiency and without compromising cell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Guzniczak
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence-Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany & Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Partner Site Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
| | - Melanie Jimenez
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT UK
| | - Helen Bridle
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
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9
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Kermanizadeh A, Berthing T, Guzniczak E, Wheeldon M, Whyte G, Vogel U, Moritz W, Stone V. Assessment of nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity using a 3D human primary multi-cellular microtissue exposed repeatedly over 21 days - the suitability of the in vitro system as an in vivo surrogate. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:42. [PMID: 31739797 PMCID: PMC6862829 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With ever-increasing exposure to engineered nanomaterials (NMs), there is an urgent need to evaluate the probability of consequential adverse effects. The potential for NM translocation to distal organs is a realistic prospect, with the liver being one of the most important target organs. Traditional in vitro or ex vivo hepatic toxicology models are often limiting (i.e. short life-span, reduced metabolic activity, lacking important cell populations, etc.). In this study, we scrutinize a 3D human liver microtissue (MT) model (composed of primary hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells). This unique experiment benefits from long-term (3 weeks) repeated very low exposure concentrations, as well as incorporation of recovery periods (up to 2 weeks), in an attempt to account for the liver’s recovery capacity in vivo. As a means of assessing the toxicological potential of NMs, cell cytotoxicity (cell membrane integrity and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity), pro/anti-inflammatory response and hepatic function were investigated. Results The data showed that 2 weeks of cell culture might be close to limits before subtle ageing effects start to overshadow low sub-lethal NM-induced cellular responses in this test system (adenylate kinase (AK) cytotoxicity assay). We showed that in vitro AST measurement are not suitable in a nanotoxicological context. Moreover, the cytokine analysis (IL6, IL8, IL10 and TNF-α) proved useful in highlighting recovery periods as being sufficient for allowing a reduction in the pro-inflammatory response. Next, low soluble NM-treated MT showed a concentration-dependent penetration of materials deep into the tissue. Conclusion In this study the advantages and pitfalls of the multi-cellular primary liver MT are discussed. Furthermore, we explore a number of important considerations for allowing more meaningful in vitro vs. in vivo comparisons in the field of hepatic nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kermanizadeh
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Guzniczak
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melanie Wheeldon
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- Heriot Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Buckley BJR, Thijssen DHJ, Murphy RC, Graves LEF, Whyte G, Gillison FB, Crone D, Wilson PM, Watson PM. Making a move in exercise referral: co-development of a physical activity referral scheme. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:e586-e593. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B J R Buckley
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - D H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen GA, Netherlands
| | - R C Murphy
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - L E F Graves
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Whyte
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - F B Gillison
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - D Crone
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, UK
| | - P M Wilson
- Behavioural Health Sciences Research Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | - P M Watson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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11
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Angell P, Green D, Lord R, Gaze D, Whyte G, George K. Acute cardiovascular responses to resistance exercise in anabolic steroids users: A preliminary investigation. Sci Sports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Farrugia A, Douglas S, James J, Whyte G, Herrington R. Use of Plasma with High Levels of lonised Calcium in the Production of Model Scale Goagulation Factor Concentrates. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1647322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryWe have attempted to exploit the Ca2+ -dependent stability of factor VIII in producing factor VIII concentrates of higher yield. Plasma levels of ionised calcium were increased in two ways: (a) whole blood collection into half-strength citrate CPD anticoagulant, leading to free Ca2+ levels of ca 120 µM and (b) apheresis collection of plasma which was then recalcified to free Ca2+ levels
of ca 300 µM under heparin cover. Coagulation factor concentrates were prepared using model versions of our industrial scale manufacturing methods. Factor VIII yield was increased through low citrate collection. This did not compromise factor IX yield or thrombogenic potential. Use of recalcified heparinised plasma did not lead to any improvement in factor VIII yield and resulted in a marked drop in factor IX recovery, possibly from interference by
heparin of factor IX binding in ion-exchange chromatography. The benefits accruable through the use of half-strength citrate CPD anticoagulant support the continued evaluation of this preservative in large scale blood collection and fractionation. The deleterious effects of heparin in charge-mediated plasma fractionations may pose serious difficulties in harvesting vitamin K dependent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farrugia
- The Red Cross Blood Bank, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and the Commenwealth Serum Laboratories, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Douglas
- The Red Cross Blood Bank, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and the Commenwealth Serum Laboratories, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J James
- The Red Cross Blood Bank, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and the Commenwealth Serum Laboratories, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Whyte
- The Red Cross Blood Bank, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and the Commenwealth Serum Laboratories, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Herrington
- The Red Cross Blood Bank, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and the Commenwealth Serum Laboratories, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Wu PH, Aroush DRB, Asnacios A, Chen WC, Dokukin ME, Doss BL, Durand-Smet P, Ekpenyong A, Guck J, Guz NV, Janmey PA, Lee JSH, Moore NM, Ott A, Poh YC, Ros R, Sander M, Sokolov I, Staunton JR, Wang N, Whyte G, Wirtz D. A comparison of methods to assess cell mechanical properties. Nat Methods 2018; 15:491-498. [PMID: 29915189 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells influence their cellular and subcellular functions, including cell adhesion, migration, polarization, and differentiation, as well as organelle organization and trafficking inside the cytoplasm. Yet reported values of cell stiffness and viscosity vary substantially, which suggests differences in how the results of different methods are obtained or analyzed by different groups. To address this issue and illustrate the complementarity of certain approaches, here we present, analyze, and critically compare measurements obtained by means of some of the most widely used methods for cell mechanics: atomic force microscopy, magnetic twisting cytometry, particle-tracking microrheology, parallel-plate rheometry, cell monolayer rheology, and optical stretching. These measurements highlight how elastic and viscous moduli of MCF-7 breast cancer cells can vary 1,000-fold and 100-fold, respectively. We discuss the sources of these variations, including the level of applied mechanical stress, the rate of deformation, the geometry of the probe, the location probed in the cell, and the extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Departments of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Dikla Raz-Ben Aroush
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7057, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université Paris-Diderot (Paris 7), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Wei-Chiang Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Departments of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maxim E Dokukin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Bryant L Doss
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Pauline Durand-Smet
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7057, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université Paris-Diderot (Paris 7), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Ekpenyong
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nataliia V Guz
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jerry S H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Departments of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole M Moore
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Albrecht Ott
- Biological Experimental Physics Department, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Yeh-Chuin Poh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Mathias Sander
- Biological Experimental Physics Department, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Igor Sokolov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Jack R Staunton
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Departments of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Kolb T, Kraxner J, Skodzek K, Haug M, Crawford D, Maaß KK, Aifantis KE, Whyte G. Optomechanical measurement of the role of lamins in whole cell deformability. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:1657-1664. [PMID: 28485113 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the nuclear envelope, and particularly the lamina, plays a critical role in the mechanical and regulation properties of the cell and changes to the lamina can have implications for the physical properties of the whole cell. In this study we demonstrate that the optical stretcher can measure changes in the time-dependent mechanical properties of living cells with different levels of A-type lamin expression. Results from the optical stretcher shows a decrease in the deformability of cells as the levels of lamin A increases, for cells which grow both adherently and in suspension. Further detail can be probed by combining the optical stretcher with fluorescence microscopy to investigate the nuclear mechanical properties which show a larger decrease in deformability than for the whole cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kolb
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Kraxner
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Skodzek
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Michael Haug
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dean Crawford
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Kendra K Maaß
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katerina E Aifantis
- Lab of Mechanics and Materials, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Civil Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, 85721
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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15
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Guzniczak E, Mohammad Zadeh M, Dempsey F, Jimenez M, Bock H, Whyte G, Willoughby N, Bridle H. High-throughput assessment of mechanical properties of stem cell derived red blood cells, toward cellular downstream processing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14457. [PMID: 29089557 PMCID: PMC5663858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell products, including manufactured red blood cells, require efficient sorting and purification methods to remove components potentially harmful for clinical application. However, standard approaches for cellular downstream processing rely on the use of specific and expensive labels (e.g. FACS or MACS). Techniques relying on inherent mechanical and physical properties of cells offer high-throughput scalable alternatives but knowledge of the mechanical phenotype is required. Here, we characterized for the first time deformability and size changes in CD34+ cells, and expelled nuclei, during their differentiation process into red blood cells at days 11, 14, 18 and 21, using Real-Time Deformability Cytometry (RT-DC) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). We found significant differences (p < 0.0001; standardised mixed model) between the deformability of nucleated and enucleated cells, while they remain within the same size range. Expelled nuclei are smaller thus could be removed by size-based separation. An average Young's elastic modulus was measured for nucleated cells, enucleated cells and nuclei (day 14) of 1.04 ± 0.47 kPa, 0.53 ± 0.12 kPa and 7.06 ± 4.07 kPa respectively. Our identification and quantification of significant differences (p < 0.0001; ANOVA) in CD34+ cells mechanical properties throughout the differentiation process could enable development of new routes for purification of manufactured red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Guzniczak
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland.
| | - Maryam Mohammad Zadeh
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland
| | - Fiona Dempsey
- MedAnnex Ltd, 1 Summerhall Place, Techcube 3.5, Edinburgh, EH9 1PL, Scotland
| | - Melanie Jimenez
- University of Glasgow, School of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Division, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Henry Bock
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland
| | - Helen Bridle
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland
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16
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Crawford DF, Smith CA, Whyte G. Image-based closed-loop feedback for highly mono-dispersed microdroplet production. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10545. [PMID: 28874820 PMCID: PMC5585215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micron-scale droplets isolated by an immiscible liquid can provide miniaturised reaction vessels which can be manipulated in microfluidic networks, and has seen a rapid growth in development. In many experiments, the precise volume of these microdroplets is a critical parameter which can be influenced by many external factors. In this work, we demonstrate the combination of imaging-based feedback and pressure driven pumping to accurately control the size of microdroplets produced in a microfluidic device. The use of fast-response, pressure-driving pumps allows the microfluidic flow to be quickly and accurately changed, while directly measuring the droplet size allows the user to define the more meaningful parameters of droplet size and generation frequency rather than flow rates or pressures. The feedback loop enables the drift correction of pressure based pumps, and leads to a large increase in the mono-dispersity of the droplets produced over long periods. We also show how this can be extended to control multiple liquid flows, allowing the frequency of droplet formation or the average concentration of living cells per droplet to be controlled and kept constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Crawford
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - C A Smith
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, The Jonas-Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - G Whyte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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17
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Lange JR, Metzner C, Richter S, Schneider W, Spermann M, Kolb T, Whyte G, Fabry B. Unbiased High-Precision Cell Mechanical Measurements with Microconstrictions. Biophys J 2017; 112:1472-1480. [PMID: 28402889 PMCID: PMC5389962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a quantitative, high-precision, high-throughput method for measuring the mechanical properties of cells in suspension with a microfluidic device, and for relating cell mechanical responses to protein expression levels. Using a high-speed (750 fps) charge-coupled device camera, we measure the driving pressure Δp, maximum cell deformation εmax, and entry time tentry of cells in an array of microconstrictions. From these measurements, we estimate population averages of elastic modulus E and fluidity β (the power-law exponent of the cell deformation in response to a step change in pressure). We find that cell elasticity increases with increasing strain εmax according to E ∼ εmax, and with increasing pressure according to E ∼ Δp. Variable cell stress due to driving pressure fluctuations and variable cell strain due to cell size fluctuations therefore cause significant variability between measurements. To reduce measurement variability, we use a histogram matching method that selects and analyzes only those cells from different measurements that have experienced the same pressure and strain. With this method, we investigate the influence of measurement parameters on the resulting cell elastic modulus and fluidity. We find a small but significant softening of cells with increasing time after cell harvesting. Cells harvested from confluent cultures are softer compared to cells harvested from subconfluent cultures. Moreover, cell elastic modulus increases with decreasing concentration of the adhesion-reducing surfactant pluronic. Lastly, we simultaneously measure cell mechanics and fluorescence signals of cells that overexpress the GFP-tagged nuclear envelope protein lamin A. We find a dose-dependent increase in cell elastic modulus and decrease in cell fluidity with increasing lamin A levels. Together, our findings demonstrate that histogram matching of pressure, strain, and protein expression levels greatly reduces the variability between measurements and enables us to reproducibly detect small differences in cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina R Lange
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Metzner
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Richter
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Schneider
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Spermann
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kolb
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- IB3: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Fabry
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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Subbu R, Weiler R, Whyte G. The practical use of surface electromyography during running: does the evidence support the hype? A narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 1:e000026. [PMID: 27900124 PMCID: PMC5117013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aims Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a commonly used technique to investigate muscle activation and fatigue, which is non-invasive and can allow for continuous measurement. Systematic research on the use of sEMG in the sporting environment has been on-going for many years and predominantly based on cycling and rowing activities. To date there have been no reviews assessing the validity and reliability in sEMG exclusively in running activities specifically during on-field testing. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the use of sEMG in the practical context and whether this be translated to on-field testing. Methods Electronic literature searches were performed using the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, CINAHL and PeDro without restrictions on the study date to identify the relevant current English language literature. Results 10 studies were relevant after title and content review. All the studies identified were all level three evidence based. The general trends of the sEMG activity appear to correlate with running velocity and muscle fatigue seems almost always the consequence of prolonged, dynamic activity. However, these changes are not consistently measured or statistically significant throughout the studies raising the question of the accuracy and reliability when analysing sEMG measurements and making assumptions about the cause of fatigue. Conclusions An agreed consensus when measuring and analysing sEMG data during running activities particularly in field testing with the most appropriate study design and reliable methodology is yet to be determined and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Subbu
- University College London , Institute Sport Exercise and Health , University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London , UK
| | - R Weiler
- University College London , Institute Sport Exercise and Health , University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London , UK
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19
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Whyte G, Rokito A. The Teenage Terrible Triad A Case Report. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 2016; 74:172-175. [PMID: 27281325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anterior shoulder dislocation in the athlete may result in an assortment of injuries that often benefit from surgical stabilization procedures. These injury patterns can be complex, requiring a multimodal approach to treatment. We present a rare case of a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation in a teenage athlete that resulted in humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament, rotator cuff tear, and axillary nerve palsy. Surgical treatment enabled return to football within 1 year of injury, and full function was restored.
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20
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Liu X, Painter RE, Enesa K, Holmes D, Whyte G, Garlisi CG, Monsma FJ, Rehak M, Craig FF, Smith CA. High-throughput screening of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in picodroplets. Lab Chip 2016; 16:1636-43. [PMID: 27033300 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of clinically-relevant bacterial strains resistant to current antibiotic therapies is increasing and has been recognized as a major health threat. For example, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are of global concern. Novel methodologies are needed to identify new targets or novel compounds unaffected by pre-existing resistance mechanisms. Recently, water-in-oil picodroplets have been used as an alternative to conventional high-throughput methods, especially for phenotypic screening. Here we demonstrate a novel microfluidic-based picodroplet platform which enables high-throughput assessment and isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a label-free manner. As a proof-of-concept, the system was used to isolate fusidic acid-resistant mutants and estimate the frequency of resistance among a population of Escherichia coli (strain HS151). This approach can be used for rapid screening of rare antibiotic-resistant mutants to help identify novel compound/target pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, The Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - R E Painter
- Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, K15, Kenilworth, NJ07033, USA
| | - K Enesa
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, The Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - D Holmes
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, The Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - G Whyte
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics & Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - C G Garlisi
- Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, K15, Kenilworth, NJ07033, USA
| | - F J Monsma
- Merck Research Labs, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, K15, Kenilworth, NJ07033, USA
| | - M Rehak
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, The Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - F F Craig
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, The Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - C A Smith
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, The Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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21
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Salmon AR, Esteban R, Taylor RW, Hugall JT, Smith CA, Whyte G, Scherman OA, Aizpurua J, Abell C, Baumberg JJ. Monitoring Early-Stage Nanoparticle Assembly in Microdroplets by Optical Spectroscopy and SERS. Small 2016; 12:1788-96. [PMID: 26865562 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic microdroplets have increasingly found application in biomolecular sensing as well as nanomaterials growth. More recently the synthesis of plasmonic nanostructures in microdroplets has led to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based sensing applications. However, the study of nanoassembly in microdroplets has previously been hindered by the lack of on-chip characterization tools, particularly at early timescales. Enabled by a refractive index matching microdroplet formulation, dark-field spectroscopy is exploited to directly track the formation of nanometer-spaced gold nanoparticle assemblies in microdroplets. Measurements in flow provide millisecond time resolution through the assembly process, allowing identification of a regime where dimer formation dominates the dark-field scattering and SERS. Furthermore, it is shown that small numbers of nanoparticles can be isolated in microdroplets, paving the way for simple high-yield assembly, isolation, and sorting of few nanoparticle structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Salmon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ruben Esteban
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastian, ES, 20018, Spain
| | - Richard W Taylor
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - James T Hugall
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- ICFO, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Clive A Smith
- Sphere Fluidics Limited, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, David Brewster Building, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastian, ES, 20018, Spain
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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22
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Lange JR, Steinwachs J, Kolb T, Lautscham LA, Harder I, Whyte G, Fabry B. Microconstriction arrays for high-throughput quantitative measurements of cell mechanical properties. Biophys J 2016; 109:26-34. [PMID: 26153699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a method for quantifying the mechanical properties of cells in suspension with a microfluidic device consisting of a parallel array of micron-sized constrictions. Using a high-speed charge-coupled device camera, we measure the flow speed, cell deformation, and entry time into the constrictions of several hundred cells per minute during their passage through the device. From the flow speed and the occupation state of the microconstriction array with cells, the driving pressure across each constriction is continuously computed. Cell entry times into microconstrictions decrease with increased driving pressure and decreased cell size according to a power law. From this power-law relationship, the cell elasticity and fluidity can be estimated. When cells are treated with drugs that depolymerize or stabilize the cytoskeleton or the nucleus, elasticity and fluidity data from all treatments collapse onto a master curve. Power-law rheology and collapse onto a master curve are predicted by the theory of soft glassy materials and have been previously shown to describe the mechanical behavior of cells adhering to a substrate. Our finding that this theory also applies to cells in suspension provides the foundation for a quantitative high-throughput measurement of cell mechanical properties with microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina R Lange
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Steinwachs
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kolb
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena A Lautscham
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Irina Harder
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ben Fabry
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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23
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Lange JR, Steinwachs J, Metzner C, Whyte G, Fabry B. Cell Mechanical Properties Measured with Micron-Scale Constrictions: Influence of Pressure, Strain and Culture Conditions. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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24
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Delabre U, Feld K, Crespo E, Whyte G, Sykes C, Seifert U, Guck J. Deformation of phospholipid vesicles in an optical stretcher. Soft Matter 2015; 11:6075-88. [PMID: 26135540 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00562k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid vesicles are common model systems for cell membranes. Important aspects of the membrane function relate to its mechanical properties. Here we have investigated the deformation behaviour of phospholipid vesicles in a dual-beam laser trap, also called an optical stretcher. This study explicitly makes use of the inherent heating present in such traps to investigate the dependence of vesicle deformation on temperature. By using lasers with different wavelengths, optically induced mechanical stresses and temperature increase can be tuned fairly independently with a single setup. The phase transition temperature of vesicles can be clearly identified by an increase in deformation. In the case of no heating effects, a minimal model for drop deformation in an optical stretcher and a more specific model for vesicle deformation that takes explicitly into account the angular dependence of the optical stress are presented to account for the experimental results. Elastic constants are extracted from the fitting procedures, which agree with literature data. This study demonstrates the utility of optical stretching, which is easily combined with microfluidic delivery, for the future serial, high-throughput study of the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of phospholipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse Delabre
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France.
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Faigle C, Lautenschläger F, Whyte G, Homewood P, Martín-Badosa E, Guck J. A monolithic glass chip for active single-cell sorting based on mechanical phenotyping. Lab Chip 2015; 15:1267-1275. [PMID: 25537986 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biological cells have long been considered as inherent markers of biological function and disease. However, the screening and active sorting of heterogeneous populations based on serial single-cell mechanical measurements has not been demonstrated. Here we present a novel monolithic glass chip for combined fluorescence detection and mechanical phenotyping using an optical stretcher. A new design and manufacturing process, involving the bonding of two asymmetrically etched glass plates, combines exact optical fiber alignment, low laser damage threshold and high imaging quality with the possibility of several microfluidic inlet and outlet channels. We show the utility of such a custom-built optical stretcher glass chip by measuring and sorting single cells in a heterogeneous population based on their different mechanical properties and verify sorting accuracy by simultaneous fluorescence detection. This offers new possibilities of exact characterization and sorting of small populations based on rheological properties for biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Faigle
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Abstract
Flow cytometry provides a high throughput, multi-dimensional analysis of cells flowing in suspension. In order to combine this feature with the ability to resolve detailed structures in 3D, we developed an optofluidic device that combines a microfluidic system with a dual beam trap. This allows for the rotation of single cells in a continuous flow, around an axis perpendicular to the imaging plane. The combination of both techniques enables the tomographic reconstruction of the 3D structure of the cell. In addition this method is capable to provide detailed 3D structural data for flow cytometry, as it improves the reconstructed z-resolution of a standard microscopy system to produce images with isotropic resolution in all three axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kolb
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany; Cluster for Engineering of Advanced Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
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Holmes D, Whyte G, Bailey J, Vergara-Irigaray N, Ekpenyong A, Guck J, Duke T. Separation of blood cells with differing deformability using deterministic lateral displacement(†). Interface Focus 2014; 4:20140011. [PMID: 25485078 PMCID: PMC4213443 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining cell mechanical properties is increasingly recognized as a marker-free way to characterize and separate biological cells. This emerging realization has led to the development of a plethora of appropriate measurement techniques. Here, we use a fairly novel approach, deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), to separate blood cells based on their mechanical phenotype with high throughput. Human red blood cells were treated chemically to alter their membrane deformability and the effect of this alteration on the hydrodynamic behaviour of the cells in a DLD device was investigated. Cells of defined stiffness (glutaraldehyde cross-linked erythrocytes) were used to test the performance of the DLD device across a range of cell stiffness and applied shear rates. Optical stretching was used as an independent method for quantifying the variation in stiffness of the cells. Lateral displacement of cells flowing within the device, and their subsequent exit position from the device were shown to correlate with cell stiffness. Data showing how the isolation of leucocytes from whole blood varies with applied shear rate are also presented. The ability to sort leucocyte sub-populations (T-lymphocytes and neutrophils), based on a combination of cell size and deformability, demonstrates the potential for using DLD devices to perform continuous fractionation and/or enrichment of leucocyte sub-populations from whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holmes
- London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH , UK
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen , Germany ; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK
| | - Joe Bailey
- London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH , UK ; Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology , University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
| | - Nuria Vergara-Irigaray
- London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH , UK ; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing , University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
| | - Andrew Ekpenyong
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK ; Biotechnology Center , TechnischeUniversität Dresden , Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK ; Biotechnology Center , TechnischeUniversität Dresden , Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Tom Duke
- London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH , UK
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Levai I, Dickinson J, Loosemore M, Greenwell J, Hull J, Whyte G. T6 Impact Of Environmental Differences In The Prevalence Of Airway Dysfunction In Elite Athletes: Gb Boxing Vs. Gb Swimming. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Utomi VS, Oxborough D, Whyte G, Somauroo J, George K. P753A comprehensive technical assessment of the Athlete's Heart: "The Morganroth Hypothesis" re-visited. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
A cell is a complex material whose mechanical properties are essential for its normal functions. Heating can have a dramatic effect on these mechanical properties, similar to its impact on the dynamics of artificial polymer networks. We investigated such mechanical changes by the use of a microfluidic optical stretcher, which allowed us to probe cell mechanics when the cells were subjected to different heating conditions at different time scales. We find that HL60/S4 myeloid precursor cells become mechanically more compliant and fluid-like when subjected to either a sudden laser-induced temperature increase or prolonged exposure to higher ambient temperature. Above a critical temperature of 52 ± 1°C, we observed active cell contraction, which was strongly correlated with calcium influx through temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ion channels, followed by a subsequent expansion in cell volume. The change from passive to active cellular response can be effectively described by a mechanical model incorporating both active stress and viscoelastic components. Our work highlights the role of TRPV2 in regulating the thermomechanical response of cells. It also offers insights into how cortical tension and osmotic pressure govern cell mechanics and regulate cell-shape changes in response to heat and mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Chan
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G. Whyte
- Department of Physics and Institute of Medical Biotechnology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. Boyde
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. Salbreux
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
In this paper we describe a pneumatically actuated fibre-optic spanner integrated into a microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip device for the controlled trapping and rotation of living cells. The dynamic nature of the system allows interactive control over the rotation speed with the same optical power. The use of a multi-layer device makes it possible to rotate a cell both in the imaging plane and also in a perpendicular plane allowing tomographic imaging of the trapped living cell. The integrated device allows easy operation and by combining it with high-resolution confocal microscopy we show for the first time that the pattern of rotation can give information regarding the sub-cellular composition of a rotated cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kolb
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
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Albert S, Kolb T, Haug M, Whyte G. Optofluidic Single-Cell Rotation. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Muraru D, Piasentini E, Mihaila S, Naso P, Casablanca S, Peluso D, Denas G, Ucci L, Iliceto S, Badano L, Abdel Moneim SS, Kirby B, Mendrick E, Norby B, Hagen M, Basu A, Mulvagh S, Chelliah R, Whyte G, Sharma S, Pantazis A, Senior R, Grishenkov D, Kothapalli S, Gonon A, Janerot-Sjoberg B, Gianstefani S, Maccarthy P, Rogers T, Sen A, Delithanasis I, Reiken J, Charangwa L, Douiri A, Monaghan M, Bombardini T, Sicari R, Gherardi S, Ciampi Q, Pratali L, Salvadori S, Picano E, Shivalkar B, Belkova P, Wouters K, Van De Heyning C, De Maeyer C, Van Herck P, Vrints C, Voilliot D, Magne J, Dulgheru R, Henri C, Kou S, Laaraibi S, Sprynger M, Andre B, Pierard L, Lancellotti P, Federspiel M, Oger E, Fournet M, Daudin M, Thebault C, Donal E, Bombardini T, Arpesella G, Bernazzali S, Potena L, Serra W, Del Bene R, Picano E. Moderated Posters session * Insights into the use of contrast stress echocardiography and 3D strain: 14/12/2013, 08:30-12:30 * Location: Moderated Poster area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Molphy J, Dickinson J, Hu J, Chester N, Whyte G. Prevalence of bronchoconstriction induced by eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea in recreationally active individuals. J Asthma 2013; 51:44-50. [PMID: 23987567 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.838256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is more prevalent in elite athletes than in the general population. Many of these athletes provide a positive eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge without previous diagnosis of EIB. It is unknown whether this is specific to elite athletes or whether the same risk applies to recreationally active individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of a positive EVH challenge in a population of recreationally active individuals. METHODS 136 recreationally active individuals (Age: 21.9 ± 3.7 years; Height: 175 ± 9 cm; Weight: 70.9 ± 10.0 kg) without previous history of asthma or EIB, volunteered to take part in the study. All participants completed an EVH challenge, which was deemed positive if FEV1 fell ≥10% from baseline at two consecutive time points, and was reversible following inhalation of a short acting β2-agonist. RESULTS 18 of 136 (13.2%) participants had a positive EVH challenge. Of the 18 individuals, the fall in FEV1 from baseline ranged from -12% to -50%. At baseline, percentage predicted FEV1 (97.5 ± 12.5% versus 104.9 ± 10%; p < 0.01), FEV1/FVC ratio (79.5 ± 6.9% versus 87.8 ± 5.5%; p < 0.01), FEF25-75 (3.73 ± 1.00 versus 4.73 ± 1.00 l/s; p < 0.01) and predicted PEF (89.4 ± 8.8% versus 97.5 ± 13.6%; p < 0.05) values for EVH positive participants were significantly lower than EVH negative participants respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 13.2% of recreationally active individuals with no previous history of asthma presented with a positive EVH challenge. Individuals who are recreationally active may benefit from an objective bronchial provocation challenge, given that self-reported symptoms alone only provide a supportive role towards a valid EIB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Molphy
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK and
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Chelliah R, Whyte G, Sharma S, Pantazis A, Senior R. 099 MYOCARDIAL CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY DISTINGUISHES PHYSIOLOGICAL FROM PATHOLOGICAL GREY-ZONE LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY. Heart 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304019.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wilson MG, Sharma S, Carré F, Charron P, Richard P, O'Hanlon R, Prasad SK, Heidbuchel H, Brugada J, Salah O, Sheppard M, George KP, Whyte G, Hamilton B, Chalabi H. Significance of deep T-wave inversions in asymptomatic athletes with normal cardiovascular examinations: practical solutions for managing the diagnostic conundrum. Br J Sports Med 2013; 46 Suppl 1:i51-8. [PMID: 23097480 PMCID: PMC3603779 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Preparticipation screening programmes for underlying cardiac pathologies are now commonplace for many international sporting organisations. However, providing medical clearance for an asymptomatic athlete without a family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is especially challenging when the athlete demonstrates particularly abnormal repolarisation patterns, highly suggestive of an inherited cardiomyopathy or channelopathy. Deep T-wave inversions of ≥ 2 contiguous anterior or lateral leads (but not aVR, and III) are of major concern for sports cardiologists who advise referring team physicians, as these ECG alterations are a recognised manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Subsequently, inverted T-waves may represent the first and only sign of an inherited heart muscle disease, in the absence of any other features and before structural changes in the heart can be detected. However, to date, there remains little evidence that deep T-wave inversions are always pathognomonic of either a cardiomyopathy or an ion channel disorder in an asymptomatic athlete following long-term follow-up. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the prevalence of T-wave inversion in athletes and examine T-wave inversion and its relationship to structural heart disease, notably HCM and ARVC with a view to identify young athletes at risk of SCD during sport. Finally, the review proposes clinical management pathways (including genetic testing) for asymptomatic athletes demonstrating significant T-wave inversion with structurally normal hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Wilson
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
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Chan-Dewar F, Gregson W, Whyte G, Gaze D, Waterhouse J, Wen J, George K. Do the effects of high intensity 40 km cycling upon left ventricular function and cardiac biomarker during recovery vary with time of day? J Sports Sci 2013; 31:414-23. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.735369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jagielska A, Norman AL, Whyte G, Van Vliet KJ, Guck J, Franklin RJ. Mechanical environment modulates biological properties of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2905-14. [PMID: 22646081 PMCID: PMC5915215 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination and its regenerative counterpart remyelination represent one of the most complex cell-cell interactions in the central nervous system (CNS). The biochemical regulation of axon myelination via the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) has been characterized extensively. However, most biochemical analysis has been conducted in vitro on OPCs adhered to substrata of stiffness that is orders of magnitude greater than that of the in vivo CNS environment. Little is known of how variation in mechanical properties over the physiological range affects OPC biology. Here, we show that OPCs are mechanosensitive. Cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity in vitro depend on the mechanical stiffness of polymer hydrogel substrata. Most of these properties are optimal at the intermediate values of CNS tissue stiffness. Moreover, many of these properties measured for cells on gels of optimal stiffness differed significantly from those measured on glass or polystyrene. The dependence of OPC differentiation on the mechanical properties of the extracellular environment provides motivation to revisit results obtained on nonphysiological, rigid surfaces. We also find that OPCs stiffen upon differentiation, but that they do not change their compliance in response to substratum stiffness, which is similar to embryonic stem cells, but different from adult stem cells. These results form the basis for further investigations into the mechanobiology of cell function in the CNS and may specifically shed new light on the failure of remyelination in chronic demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jagielska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Adele L. Norman
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Krystyn J. Van Vliet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robin J.M. Franklin
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bellini N, Bragheri F, Cristiani I, Guck J, Osellame R, Whyte G. Validation and perspectives of a femtosecond laser fabricated monolithic optical stretcher. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:2658-68. [PMID: 23082304 PMCID: PMC3470010 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The combination of high power laser beams with microfluidic delivery of cells is at the heart of high-throughput, single-cell analysis and disease diagnosis with an optical stretcher. So far, the challenges arising from this combination have been addressed by externally aligning optical fibres with microfluidic glass capillaries, which has a limited potential for integration into lab-on-a-chip environments. Here we demonstrate the successful production and use of a monolithic glass chip for optical stretching of white blood cells, featuring microfluidic channels and optical waveguides directly written into bulk glass by femtosecond laser pulses. The performance of this novel chip is compared to the standard capillary configuration. The robustness, durability and potential for intricate flow patterns provided by this monolithic optical stretcher chip suggest its use for future diagnostic and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bellini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica—Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica—Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cristiani
- Quantum Electronics Lab, Electronics Department, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jochen Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Currently with the Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)—CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica—Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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Jagielska A, Norman A, Whyte G, Franklin RJ, Guck J, Van Vliet KJ. Differentiation, Migration, Proliferation, and Survival of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells is Modulated by Mechanical Properties of their Environment. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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41
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Hu J, Dickinson J, Chester N, Drust B, Whyte G, Loosemoore M. The effect of 800 g and 1600 g inhaled salbutamol on FEV1 in non-asthmatic football players. Br J Sports Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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42
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Dickinson J, Hu J, Chester N, Drust B, Whyte G, Loosemore M. The physiological effect of 800 mcg and 1600 mcg inhaled salbutamol during a football specific treadmill run at high ambient temperatures. Br J Sports Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090606.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chan-Dewar F, Gregson W, Whyte G, King J, Gaze D, Carranza-García LE, Legaz-Arrese A, George K. Cardiac electromechanical delay is increased during recovery from 40 km cycling but is not mediated by exercise intensity. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 23:224-31. [PMID: 22092882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac electrical-mechanical delay (cEMD), left ventricular (LV) function, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were assessed after 40 km cycle time trials completed at high (HIGH) and moderate (MOD) intensities in 12 cyclists. Echocardiograms and blood samples were collected before, 10, and 60 min after cycling. cEMD as assessed by time from QRS onset to peak systolic (S') tissue velocity was lengthened after both bouts of cycling but was not mediated by cycling intensity (HIGH: 174 ± 52 vs 198 ± 26 ms; MOD: 151 ± 40 vs 178 ± 52 ms, P < 0.05). Global LV systolic function was unaltered by exercise. cEMD from QRS to peak early (E') diastolic tissue velocity was also increased post-exercise (HIGH: 524 ± 95 vs 664 ± 68 ms; MOD: 495 ± 62 vs 604 ± 91 ms, P < 0.05). Indices of LV diastolic function was reduced after cycling but were not mediated by exercise intensity. cTnI was elevated in two participants after HIGH trial (0.06 ug/L; 0.04 ug/L) and one participant after MOD trial (0.02 ug/L). While cEMD is lengthened and LV diastolic function was reduced post-cycling, altering time-trial intensity had little impact upon cEMD, LV function, and cTnI release.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chan-Dewar
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Whyte G, Coackley A, Powell P, Clare L, Steven S, Thompson A. Transdermal opioids: are we plastering over the cracks? BMJ Support Palliat Care 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000100.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Williams K, George K, Hulton A, Godfrey R, Lahart I, G. Wilson M, Charlesworth S, Warburton D, Gaze D, Whyte G. A Unique Case Series of Novel Biomarkers of Cardiac Damage in Cyclists Completing the 4800 km Race Across America (RAAM). Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:3446-51. [DOI: 10.2174/092986711796642616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Oxborough D, Shave R, Whyte G, Birch K, Artis N, George K, Sharma S. 171 The right ventricle of the endurance athlete: the relationship between morphology and deformation. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300198.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Godfrey R, O'Hanlon R, Wilson M, Buckley J, Sharma S, Whyte G. Underlying cause discovered for a prior idiopathic AMI. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:2011/mar29_1/bcr0220113799. [PMID: 22700481 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.02.2011.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors previously reported on an active, young male with normal coronaries who sustained an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The acute cause was a coronary thrombus; however, the cause of this thrombus and a definitive diagnosis remained elusive for 18 months until a new series of events, including symptoms of breathlessness, dizziness and collapse led to acute hospital admission. CT scan revealed numerous deep venous thromboses in the right leg and bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE). Acute pharmacological thrombolysis eliminated breathlessness and significantly reduced the risk of mortality. Clinical consensus suggests a coagulopathy, requiring indefinite treatment with Warfarin. In young individuals presenting with AMI, lifestyle, personal, family and clinical history should be considered and coronary artery disease should not be assumed until further tests have eliminated coagulopathy. In those presenting with breathlessness and a history which includes AMI, a CT scan is indicated to eliminate concerns of venous thromboembolism generally and PE specifically where untreated survival times are short.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Godfrey
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, London, UK.
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Wilson M, O'Hanlon R, Prasad S, Deighan A, Macmillan P, Oxborough D, Godfrey R, Smith G, Maceira A, Sharma S, George K, Whyte G. Diverse patterns of myocardial fibrosis in lifelong, veteran endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:1622-6. [PMID: 21330616 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01280.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the cardiac structure and function of a unique cohort of documented lifelong, competitive endurance veteran athletes (>50 yr). Twelve lifelong veteran male endurance athletes [mean ± SD (range) age: 56 ± 6 yr (50-67)], 20 age-matched veteran controls [60 ± 5 yr; (52-69)], and 17 younger male endurance athletes [31 ± 5 yr (26-40)] without significant comorbidities underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to assess cardiac morphology and function, as well as CMR imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) to assess myocardial fibrosis. Lifelong veteran athletes had smaller left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (P < 0.05), but maintained LV and RV systolic function compared with young athletes. However, veteran athletes had a significantly larger absolute and indexed LV and RV end-diastolic and systolic volumes, intraventricular septum thickness during diastole, posterior wall thickness during diastole, and LV and RV stroke volumes (P < 0.05), together with significantly reduced LV and RV ejection fractions (P < 0.05), compared with veteran controls. In six (50%) of the veteran athletes, LGE of CMR indicated the presence of myocardial fibrosis (4 veteran athletes with LGE of nonspecific cause, 1 probable previous myocarditis, and 1 probable previous silent myocardial infarction). There was no LGE in the age-matched veteran controls or young athletes. The prevalence of LGE in veteran athletes was not associated with age, height, weight, or body surface area (P > 0.05), but was significantly associated with the number of years spent training (P < 0.001), number of competitive marathons (P < 0.001), and ultraendurance (>50 miles) marathons (P < 0.007) completed. An unexpectedly high prevalence of myocardial fibrosis (50%) was observed in healthy, asymptomatic, lifelong veteran male athletes, compared with zero cases in age-matched veteran controls and young athletes. These data suggest a link between lifelong endurance exercise and myocardial fibrosis that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilson
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar.
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Guldbrand D, Goetzsche O, Eika B, Watanabe N, Taniguchi M, Akagi T, Koide N, Sano S, Orbovic B, Obrenovic-Kircanski B, Ristic S, Soskic LJ, Alhabshan F, Jijeh A, Abo Remsh H, Alkhaldi A, Najm HK, Gasior Z, Skowerski M, Kulach A, Szymanski L, Sosnowski M, Wang M, Siu CW, Lee K, Yue WS, Yan GH, Lee S, Lau CP, Tse HF, O'connor K, Rosca M, Magne J, Romano G, Moonen M, Pierard LA, Lancellotti P, Floria M, De Roy L, Blommaert D, Jamart J, Dormal F, Lacrosse M, Arsenescu Georgescu C, Mizariene V, Bucyte S, Bertasiute A, Pociute E, Zaliaduonyte-Peksiene D, Baronaite-Dudoniene K, Sileikiene R, Vaskelyte J, Jurkevicius R, Dencker M, Thorsson O, Karlsson MK, Linden C, Wollmer P, Andersen LB, Catalano O, Perotti MR, Colombo E, De Giorgi M, Cattaneo M, Cobelli F, Priori SG, Ober C, Iancu Adrian IA, Andreea Parv PA, Cadis Horatiu CH, Ober Mihai OM, Chmielecki M, Fijalkowski M, Galaska R, Dubaniewicz W, Lewicki L, Targonski R, Ciecwierz D, Puchalski W, Koprowski A, Rynkiewicz A, Hristova K, La Gerche A, Katova TZ, Kostova V, Simova Y, Kempny A, Diller GP, Orwat S, Kaleschke G, Kerckhoff G, Schmidt R, Radke RM, Baumgartner H, Smarz K, Zaborska B, Jaxa-Chamiec T, Maciejewski P, Budaj A, Kiotsekoglou A, Govind SC, Gadiyaram V, Moggridge JC, Govindan M, Gopal AS, Ramesh SS, Brodin LA, Saha SK, Ramzy IS, Lindqvist P, Lam YY, Duncan AM, Henein MY, Craciunescu IS, Serban M, Iancu M, Revnic C, Popescu BA, Alexandru D, Rogoz D, Uscatescu V, Ginghina C, Careri G, Di Monaco A, Nerla R, Tarzia P, Lamendola P, Sestito A, Lanza GA, Crea F, Giannini F, Pinamonti B, Santangelo S, Perkan A, Vitrella G, Rakar S, Merlo M, Della Grazia E, Salvi A, Sinagra G, Scislo P, Kochanowski J, Piatkowski R, Roik M, Postula M, Opolski G, Castillo J, Herszkowicz N, Ferreira C, Lonnebakken MT, Staal EM, Nordrehaug JE, Gerdts E, Przewlocka-Kosmala M, Orda A, Karolko B, Bajraktari G, Lindqvist P, Gustafsson U, Holmgren A, Henein MY, Frattini S, Faggiano P, Zilioli V, Locantore E, Longhi S, Bellandi F, Faden G, Triggiani M, Dei Cas L, Seo SM, Jung HO, An SH, Jung SY, Park CS, Jeon HK, Youn HJ, Chung WB, Kim JH, Uhm JS, Mampuya W, Brochu MC, Do DH, Essadiqi B, Farand P, Lepage S, Daly MJ, Monaghan M, Hamilton A, Lockhart C, Kodoth V, Maguire C, Morton A, Manoharan G, Spence MS, Streb W, Mitrega K, Nowak J, Duszanska A, Szulik M, Kalinowski M, Kukulski T, Kalarus Z, Calvo Iglesias FE, Solla-Ruiz I, Villanueva-Benito I, Paredes-Galan E, Bravo-Amaro M, Iniguez-Romo A, Yildirimturk O, Helvacioglu FF, Tayyareci Y, Yurdakul S, Demiroglu IC, Aytekin S, Enache R, Piazza R, Muraru D, Roman-Pognuz A, Popescu BA, Calin A, Leiballi E, Antonini-Canterin F, Ginghina C, Nicolosi GL, Ridard C, Bellouin A, Thebault C, Laurent M, Donal E, Sutandar A, Siswanto BB, Irmalita I, Harimurti G, Saxena A, Ramakrishnan S, Roy A, Krishnan A, Misra P, Bhargava B, Poole-Wilson PA, Loegstrup BB, Andersen HR, Poulsen SH, Klaaborg KE, Egeblad HE, Gu X, Gu XY, He YH, Li ZA, Han JC, Chen J, Mansencal N, Mitry E, Rougier P, Dubourg O, Villarraga H, Adjei-Twum K, Cudjoe TKM, Clavell A, Schears RM, Cabrera Bueno F, Molina Mora MJ, Fernandez Pastor J, Linde Estrella A, Pena Hernandez JL, Isasti Aizpurua G, Carrasco Chinchilla F, Barrera Cordero A, Alzueta Rodriguez FJ, De Teresa Galvan E, Gaetano Contegiacomo GC, Francesco Pollice FP, Paolo Pollice PP, Gu X, Gu XY, He YH, Li ZA, Kontos MC, Shin DH, Yoo SY, Lee CK, Jang JK, Jung SI, Song SI, Seo SI, Cheong SS, Peteiro J, Perez-Perez A, Bouzas-Mosquera A, Pineiro M, Pazos P, Campo R, Castro-Beiras A, Gaibazzi N, Rigo F, Sartorio D, Reverberi C, Sitia S, Tomasoni L, Gianturco L, Ghio L, Stella D, Greco P, De Gennaro Colonna V, Turiel M, Sitia S, Tomasoni L, Cicala S, Magagnin V, Caiani E, Turiel M, Kyrzopoulos S, Tsiapras D, Domproglou G, Avramidou E, Voudris V, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Lipiec P, Chrzanowski L, Roszczyk N, Kupczynska K, Kasprzak JD, Sachpekidis V, Bhan A, Gianstefani S, Reiken J, Paul M, Pearson P, Harries D, Monaghan MJ, Dale K, Stoylen A, Saha SK, Kodali V, Toole R, Govind SC, Moggridge JC, Kiotsekoglou A, Gopal AS, Raju P, Mcintosh RA, Silberbauer J, Baumann O, Patel NR, Sulke N, Trivedi U, Hyde J, Venn G, Lloyd G, Wejner-Mik P, Lipiec P, Wierzbowska K, Kasprzak JD, Lowenstein JA, Caniggia C, Garcia A, Amor M, Casso N, Lowenstein Haber D, Porley C, Zambrana G, Daru V, Deljanin Ilic M, Ilic S, Kalimanovska Ostric D, Stoickov V, Zdravkovic M, Paraskevaidis I, Ikonomidis I, Parissis J, Papadopoulos C, Stasinos V, Bistola V, Anastasiou-Nana M, Gudin Uriel M, Balaguer Malfagon JR, Perez Bosca JL, Ridocci Soriano F, Martinez Alzamora N, Paya Serrano R, Ciampi Q, Pratali L, Della Porta M, Petruzziello B, Villari B, Picano E, Sicari R, Rosner A, Avenarius D, Malm S, Iqbal A, Baltabaeva A, Sutherland GR, Bijnens B, Myrmel T, Andersen M, Gustafsson F, Secher NH, Brassard P, Jensen AS, Hassager C, Madsen PL, Moller JE, Mampuya W, Brochu MC, Coutu M, Do DH, Essadiqi B, Farand P, Greentree D, Normandin D, Lepage S, Brun H, Dipchand A, Koopman L, Fackoury CT, Truong S, Manlhiot C, Mertens L, Baroni M, Mariani M, Chabane HK, Berti S, Ripoli A, Storti S, Glauber M, Scopelliti PA, Antongiovanni GB, Personeni D, Saino A, Tespili M, Jung P, Mueller M, Jander F, Sohn HY, Rieber J, Schneider P, Klauss V, Agricola E, Slavich M, Stella S, Ancona M, Oppizzi M, Bertoglio L, Melissano G, Margonato A, Chiesa R, Cejudo Diaz Del Campo L, Mesa Rubio D, Ruiz Ortiz M, Delgado Ortega M, Villanueva Fernandez E, Lopez Aguilera J, Toledano Delgado F, Pan Alvarez-Ossorio M, Suarez De Lezo Cruz Conde J, Lafuente M, Butz T, Meissner A, Lang CN, Prull MW, Plehn G, Trappe HJ, Nair SV, Lee L, Mcleod I, Whyte G, Shrimpton J, Hildick Smith D, James PR, Slikkerveer J, Appelman YEA, Veen G, Porter TR, Kamp O, Colonna P, Ten Cate FJ, Bokor D, Daponte A, Cocciolo M, Bona M, Sacchi S, Becher H, Chai SC, Tan PJ, Goh YS, Ong SH, Chow J, Lee LL, Goh PP, Tong KL, Kakihara R, Naruse C, Hironaka H, Tsuzuku T, Ozawa K, Tomaszuk-Kazberuk A, Sobkowicz B, Malyszko J, Malyszko JS, Kalinowski M, Sawicki R, Hirnle T, Dobrzycki S, Mysliwiec M, Musial WJ, Mathias W, Kowatsch I, Saroute ALR, Osorio AFF, Sbano JCN, Ramires JAF, Tsutsui JM, Sakata K, Ito H, Ishii K, Sakuma T, Iwakura K, Yoshino H, Yoshikawa J, Shahgaldi K, Lopez A, Fernstrom B, Sahlen A, Winter R, Kovalova S, Necas J, Amundsen BH, Jasaityte R, Kiss G, Barbosa D, D'hooge J, Torp H, Szmigielski CA, Newton JD, Rajpoot K, Noble JA, Kerber R, Becher H, Koopman LP, Slorach C, Chahal N, Hui W, Sarkola T, Manlhiot C, Bradley TJ, Jaeggi ET, Mccrindle BW, Mertens L, Staron A, Gasior Z, Jasinski M, Wos S, Sengupta P, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Chrzanowski L, Kasprzak JD, Hayat D, Kloeckner M, Nahum J, Dussault C, Dubois Rande JL, Gueret P, Lim P, King GJ, Brown A, Ho E, Amuntaser I, Bennet K, Mc Elhome N, Murphy RT, Cooper RM, Somauroo JD, Shave RE, Williams KL, Forster J, George C, Bett T, George KP, D'andrea A, Riegler L, Cocchia R, Golia E, Gravino R, Salerno G, Citro R, Caso PIO, Bossone E, Calabro' R, Crispi F, Bijnens B, Figueras F, Bartrons J, Eixarch E, Le Noble F, Ahmed A, Gratacos E, Shang Q, Yip WK, Tam LS, Zhang Q, Lam YY, Li CM, Wang T, Ma CY, Li KM, Yu CM, Dahlslett T, Helland I, Edvardsen T, Skulstad H, Magda LS, Florescu M, Ciobanu A, Dulgheru R, Mincu R, Vinereanu D, Luckie M, Chacko S, Nair S, Mamas M, Khattar RS, El-Omar M, Kuch-Wocial A, Pruszczyk P, Szmigielski CA, Szulc M, Styczynski G, Sinski M, Kaczynska A, Bajraktari G, Vela Z, Haliti E, Hyseni V, Olloni R, Rexhepaj N, Elezi S, Henein MY, Onaindia JJ, Quintana O, Cacicedo A, Velasco S, Alarcon JJ, Morillas M, Rumoroso JR, Zumalde J, Lekuona I, Laraudogoitia Zaldumbide E, Haliti E, Bajraktari G, Poniku A, Ahmeti A, Elezi S, Henein MY, Duncan RF, Mccomb JM, Pemberton J, Lord SW, Leong D, Plummer C, Macgowan G, Grubb N, Leung M, Kenny A, Prinz C, Voigt JU, Zaidi A, Heatley M, Abildstrom SZ, Hvelplund A, Berning J, Saha SK, Toole R, Govind S, Kiotsekoglou A, Brodin L, Gopal A, Castaldi B, Di Salvo G, Santoro G, Gaio G, Palladino MT, Iacono C, Pacileo G, Russo MG, Calabro R, Wang YS, Dong LL, Shu XH, Pan CZ, Zhou DX, Sen T, Tufekcioglu O, Ozdemir M, Tuncez A, Uygur B, Golbasi Z, Kisacik H, Delfino L, De Leo FD, Chiappa LC, Abdel Ghani B, Schiavina R, Salvade P, Morganti A, Bedogni F, Mahia P, Gutierrez L, Pineda V, Garcia B, Otaegui I, Rodriguez JF, Gonzalez MT, Descalzo M, Evangelista A, Garcia-Dorado D, Bruin De- Bon HACM, Van Den Brink RBA, Surie S, Bresser P, Vleugels J, Eckmann HM, Samson DA, Bouma BJ, Dedobbeleer C, Antoine M, Remmelink M, Unger P, Roosens B, Hmila I, Hernot S, Droogmans S, Van Camp G, Lahoutte T, Muyldermans S, Cosyns B, Feltes G, Serra V, Azevedo O, Barbado J, Herrera J, Rivera A, Paniagua J, Valverde V, Torras J, Arriba G, Christodoulides T, Ioannides M, Simamonian K, Yiangou K, Myrianthefs M, Nicolaides E, Dedobbeleer C, Pandolfo M, Unger P, Kleijn SA, Aly MFAA, Terwee CB, Van Rossum AC, Kamp O, Delgado V, Shanks M, Siebelink HM, Sieders A, Lamb H, Ajmone Marsan N, Westenberg J, De Roos A, Schuijf JD, Bax JJ, Anwar AM, Nosir Y, Chamsi-Pasha H, Tschernich HD, Seeburger J, Borger M, Mukherjee C, Mohr FW, Ender J, Obase K, Okura H, Yamada R, Miyamoto Y, Saito K, Imai K, Hayashida A, Watanabe N, Yoshida K. Poster session III * Friday 10 December 2010, 08:30-12:30. European Journal of Echocardiography 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Egan E, Reilly T, Whyte G, Giacomoni M, Cable N. Disorders of the Menstrual Cycle in Elite Female Ice Hockey Players and Figure Skaters. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1076/brhm.34.3.251.18806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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