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Alster J, Bína D, Charvátová K, Lokstein H, Pšenčík J. Direct observation of triplet energy transfer between chlorophylls and carotenoids in the core antenna of photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2024; 1865:149016. [PMID: 37832862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Quenching of chlorophyll triplet states by carotenoids is an essential photoprotective process, which prevents formation of reactive singlet oxygen in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. The process is usually very efficient in oxygenic organisms under physiological conditions, thus preventing any observable accumulation of chlorophyll triplets. However, it subsequently prevents also the determination of the triplet transfer rate. Here we report results of nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy on photosystem I core complexes, where a major part of chlorophyll a triplet states (~60 %) accumulates on a nanosecond time scale at ambient temperature. As a consequence, the triplet energy transfer could be resolved and the transfer time was determined to be about 24 ns. A smaller fraction of chlorophyll a triplet states (~40 %) is quenched with a faster rate, which could not be determined. Our analysis indicates that these chlorophylls are in direct contact with carotenoids. The overall chlorophyll triplet yield in the core antenna was estimated to be ~0.3 %, which is a value two orders of magnitude smaller than in most other photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. This explains why slower quenching of chlorophyll triplet states is sufficient for photoprotection of photosystem I. Nevertheless, the core antenna of photosystem I represents one of only few photosynthetic complexes of oxygenic organisms in which the quenching rate of the majority of chlorophyll triplets can be directly monitored under physiological temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - K Charvátová
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pšenčík
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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2
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Götze JP, Lokstein H. Excitation Energy Transfer between Higher Excited States of Photosynthetic Pigments: 2. Chlorophyll b is a B Band Excitation Trap. ACS Omega 2023; 8:40015-40023. [PMID: 37929150 PMCID: PMC10620878 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chls) are known for fast, subpicosecond internal conversion (IC) from ultraviolet/blue absorbing ("B" or "Soret" states) to the energetically lower, red light-absorbing Q states. Consequently, excitation energy transfer (EET) in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes involving the B states has so far not been considered. We present, for the first time, a theoretical framework for the existence of B-B EET in tightly coupled Chl aggregates such as photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes. We show that according to a Förster resonance energy transport (FRET) scheme, unmodulated B-B EET has an unexpectedly high range. Unsuppressed, it could pose an existential threat-the damage potential of blue light for photochemical reaction centers (RCs) is well-known. This insight reveals so-far undescribed roles for carotenoids (Crts, cf. previous article in this series) and Chl b (this article) of possibly vital importance. Our model system is the photosynthetic antenna pigment-protein complex (CP29). The focus of the study is on the role of Chl b for EET in the Q and B bands. Further, the initial excited pigment distribution in the B band is computed for relevant solar irradiation and wavelength-centered laser pulses. It is found that both accessory pigment classes compete efficiently with Chl a absorption in the B band, leaving only 40% of B band excitations for Chl a. B state population is preferentially relocated to Chl b after excitation of any Chls, due to a near-perfect match of Chl b B band absorption with Chl a B state emission spectra. This results in an efficient depletion of the Chl a population (0.66 per IC/EET step, as compared to 0.21 in a Chl a-only system). Since Chl b only occurs in the peripheral antenna complexes of plants and algae, and RCs contain only Chl a, this would automatically trap potentially dangerous B state population in the antennae, preventing forwarding to the RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Götze
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department
of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles
University, Ke Karlovu
3, 121 16 Prague
2, Czech Republic
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3
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Götze JP, Lokstein H. Excitation Energy Transfer between Higher Excited States of Photosynthetic Pigments: 1. Carotenoids Intercept and Remove B Band Excitations. ACS Omega 2023; 8:40005-40014. [PMID: 37929138 PMCID: PMC10620780 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chls) are known for fast, subpicosecond internal conversion (IC) from ultraviolet/blue-absorbing ("B" or "Soret" states) to the energetically lower, red light-absorbing Q states. Consequently, excitation energy transfer (EET) in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes involving the B states has so far not been considered. We present, for the first time, a theoretical framework for the existence of B-B EET in tightly coupled Chl aggregates such as photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes. We show that according to a Förster resonance energy transport (FRET) scheme, unmodulated B-B EET has an unexpectedly high range. Unsuppressed, it could pose an existential threat: the damage potential of blue light for photochemical reaction centers (RCs) is well-known. This insight reveals so far undescribed roles for carotenoids (Crts, this article) and Chl b (next article in this series) of possibly vital importance. Our model system is the photosynthetic antenna pigment-protein complex (CP29). Here, we show that the B → Q IC is assisted by the optically allowed Crt state (S2): The sequence is B → S2 (Crt, unrelaxed) → S2 (Crt, relaxed) → Q. This sequence has the advantage of preventing ∼39% of Chl-Chl B-B EET since the Crt S2 state is a highly efficient FRET acceptor. The B-B EET range and thus the likelihood of CP29 to forward potentially harmful B excitations toward the RC are thus reduced. In contrast to the B band of Chls, most Crt energy donation is energetically located near the Q band, which allows for 74/80% backdonation (from lutein/violaxanthin) to Chls. Neoxanthin, on the other hand, likely donates in the B band region of Chl b, with 76% efficiency. Crts thus act not only in their currently proposed photoprotective roles but also as a crucial building block for any system that could otherwise deliver harmful "blue" excitations to the RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Götze
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department
of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles
University, Ke Karlovu
3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Götze JP, Anders F, Petry S, Felix Witte J, Lokstein H. Spectral Characterization of the Main Pigments in the Plant Photosynthetic Apparatus by Theory and Experiment. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Golub M, Lokstein H, Soloviov D, Kuklin A, Wieland DCF, Pieper J. Light-Harvesting Complex II Adopts Different Quaternary Structures in Solution as Observed Using Small-Angle Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1258-1265. [PMID: 35089716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high-resolution crystal structure of the trimeric major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) is often perceived as the basis for understanding its light-harvesting and photoprotective functions. However, the LHCII solution structure and its oligomerization or aggregation state may generally differ from the crystal structure and, moreover, also depend on its functional state. In this regard, small-angle scattering experiments provide the missing link by offering structural information in aqueous solution at physiological temperatures. Herein, we use small-angle scattering to investigate the solution structures of two different preparations of solubilized LHCII employing the nonionic detergents n-octyl-β-d-glucoside (OG) and n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (β-DM). The data reveal that the LHCII-OG complex is equivalent to the trimeric crystal structure. Remarkably, however, we observe─for the first time─a stable oligomer composed of three LHCII trimers in the case of the LHCII-β-DM preparation, implying additional pigment-pigment interactions. The latter complex is assumed to mimic trimer-trimer interactions which play an important role in the context of photoprotective nonphotochemical quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro Soloviov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants NAS of Ukraine, Lysogirska str. 12, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Kuklin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D C Florian Wieland
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute for Materials Research, Department for Metallic Biomaterials, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Furuya R, Omagari S, Tan Q, Lokstein H, Vacha M. Enhancement of the Photocurrent of a Single Photosystem I Complex by the Localized Plasmon of a Gold Nanorod. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13167-13174. [PMID: 34374520 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A combination of conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to measure photocurrents passing through single trimeric photosytem I (PSI) complexes located in the vicinity of single gold nanorods (AuNRs). Simultaneous excitation of PSI and of the AuNR longitudinal plasmon mode and detection of photocurrents from individual PSI in relation to the position of single AuNRs enable insight into plasmon-induced phenomena that are otherwise inaccessible in ensemble experiments. We have observed photocurrent enhancement by the localized plasmons by a factor of 2.9 on average, with maximum enhancement values of up to 8. Selective excitation of the longitudinal plasmon modes by the polarization of the excitation laser enables controllable switch-on of the photocurrent enhancement. The dependence of the extent of enhancement on the distance between PSI and AuNRs indicates that, apart from the enhancement of absorption, there is an additional enhancement mechanism affecting directly the electron transport process. The present study provides deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of plasmon-enhanced photocurrents, not only in PSI but also potentially in other systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Furuya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shun Omagari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Qiwen Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.,Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
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Lokstein H, Renger G, Götze JP. Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting (Antenna) Complexes-Structures and Functions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113378. [PMID: 34204994 PMCID: PMC8199901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls, together with carotenoids, serve, noncovalently bound to specific apoproteins, as principal light-harvesting and energy-transforming pigments in photosynthetic organisms. In recent years, enormous progress has been achieved in the elucidation of structures and functions of light-harvesting (antenna) complexes, photosynthetic reaction centers and even entire photosystems. It is becoming increasingly clear that light-harvesting complexes not only serve to enlarge the absorption cross sections of the respective reaction centers but are vitally important in short- and long-term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and regulation of the energy-transforming processes in response to external and internal conditions. Thus, the wide variety of structural diversity in photosynthetic antenna “designs” becomes conceivable. It is, however, common for LHCs to form trimeric (or multiples thereof) structures. We propose a simple, tentative explanation of the trimer issue, based on the 2D world created by photosynthetic membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Gernot Renger
- Max-Volmer-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P. Götze
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
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Razjivin A, Götze J, Lukashev E, Kozlovsky V, Ashikhmin A, Makhneva Z, Moskalenko A, Lokstein H, Paschenko V. Lack of Excitation Energy Transfer from the Bacteriochlorophyll Soret Band to Carotenoids in Photosynthetic Complexes of Purple Bacteria. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3538-3545. [PMID: 33818091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The excitation energy transfer (EET) from the bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) Soret band to the second excited state(s) (S2) of carotenoids in pigment-protein complexes of purple bacteria was investigated. The efficiency of EET was determined, based on fluorescence excitation and absorption spectra of chromatophores, peripheral light-harvesting complexes (LH2), core complexes (LH1-RC), and pigments in solution. Carotenoid-containing and carotenoid-less samples were compared: LH1-RC and LH2 from Allochromatium minutissimum, Ectothiorhodospira haloalkaliphila, and chromatophores from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodospirillum rubrum wild type and carotenoid-free strains R-26 and G9. BChl-to-carotenoid EET was absent, or its efficiency was less than the accuracy of the measurements of ∼5%. Quantum chemical calculations support the experimental results: The transition dipole moments of spatially close carotenoid/BChl pairs were found to be nearly orthogonal. The structural arrangements suggest that Soret EET may be lacking for the studied systems, however, EET from carotenoids to Qx appears to be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Razjivin
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan Götze
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeny Lukashev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kozlovsky
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Ashikhmin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Zoya Makhneva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Andrey Moskalenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Paschenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Šebelík V, Kuznetsova V, Lokstein H, Polívka T. Transient Absorption of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids after Two-Photon Excitation of LHCII. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3176-3181. [PMID: 33755477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy following two-photon excitation (2PE) is used to determine the contributions of carotenoids and chlorophylls to the 2PE signals in the main plant light-harvesting complex (LHCII). For 2PE, excitation at 1210 and 1300 nm was used, being within the known 2PE profile of LHCII. At both excitation wavelengths, the transient absorption spectra exhibit a shape characteristic of excited chlorophylls with only a minor contribution from carotenoids. We compare the 2PE data measured for LHCII with those obtained from 2PE of a lutein/chlorophyll a mixture in acetone. We estimate that although the 2PE cross section of a single carotenoid in acetone is ∼1.7 times larger than that of a Chl a, due to the 1:3.5 carotenoid/Chl ratio in LHCII, only one-third of the absorbed 2PE photons excite carotenoids in LHCII in the 1200-1300 nm range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šebelík
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Gacek DA, Betke A, Nowak J, Lokstein H, Walla PJ. Two-photon absorption and excitation spectroscopy of carotenoids, chlorophylls and pigment-protein complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8731-8738. [PMID: 33876032 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00656h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In addition to (bacterio)chlorophylls, (B)Chls, photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes bind carotenoids (Cars) that fulfil various important functions which are not fully understood, yet. However, certain excited states of Cars are optically one-photon forbidden ("dark") and can potentially undergo excitation energy transfer (EET) to (B)Chls following two-photon absorption (TPA). The amount of EET is reflected by the differences in TPA and two-photon excitation (TPE) spectra of a complex (multi-pigment) system. Since it is technically and analytically demanding to resolve optically forbidden states, different studies reported varying contributions of Cars and Chls to TPE/TPA spectra. In a study using well-defined 1 : 1 Car-tetrapyrrole dyads TPE contributions of tetrapyrrole molecules, including Chls, and Cars were measured. In these experiments, TPE of Cars dominated over Chl a TPE in a broad wavelength range. Another study suggested only minor contributions of Cars to TPE spectra of pigment-protein complexes such as the plant main light-harvesting complex (LHCII), in particular for wavelengths longer than ∼600/1200 nm. By joining forces and a combined analysis of all available data by both teams, we try to resolve this apparent contradiction. Here, we demonstrate that reconstruction of a wide spectral range of TPE for LHCII and photosystem I (PSI) requires both, significant Car and Chl contributions. Direct comparison of TPE spectra obtained in both studies demonstrates a good agreement of the primary data. We conclude that in TPE spectra of LHCII and PSI, the contribution of Chls is dominating above 600/1200 nm, whereas the contributions of forbidden Car states increase particularly at wavelengths shorter than 600/1200 nm. Estimates of Car contributions to TPA as well as TPE spectra are given for various wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Gacek
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Gaußstr. 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Abstract
One-helix proteins 1 and 2 (OHP1/2) are members of the family of light-harvesting-like proteins (LIL) in plants, and their potential function(s) have been initially analyzed only recently. OHP1 and OHP2 are structurally related to the transmembrane α-helices 1 and 3 of all members of the light-harvesting complex (LHC) superfamily. Arabidopsis thaliana OHPs form heterodimers which bind 6 chlorophylls (Chls) a and two carotenoids in vitro. Their function remains unclear, and therefore, a spectroscopic study with reconstituted OHP1/OHP2-complexes was performed. Steady-state spectroscopy did not indicate singlet excitation energy transfer between pigments. Thus, a light-harvesting function can be excluded. Possible pigment-storage and/or -delivery functions of OHPs require photoprotection of the bound Chls. Hence, Chl and carotenoid triplet formation and decays in reconstituted OHP1/2 dimers were measured using nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Unlike in all other photosynthetic LHCs, unquenched Chl triplets were observed with unusually long lifetimes. Moreover, there were virtually no differences in both Chl and carotenoid triplet state lifetimes under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The results indicate that both Chls and carotenoids are shielded by the proteins from interactions with ambient oxygen and, thus, protected against formation of singlet oxygen. Only a minor portion of the Chl triplets was quenched by carotenoids. These results are in stark contrast to all previously observed photoprotective processes in LHC/LIL proteins and, thus, may constitute a novel mechanism of photoprotection in the plant photosynthetic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Psencik
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Hey
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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12
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Abstract
In addition to (bacterio)chlorophylls, (B)Chls, light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) bind carotenoids, and/or their oxygen derivatives, xanthophylls. Xanthophylls/carotenoids have pivotal functions in LHCs: in stabilization of the structure, as accessory light-harvesting pigments and, probably most importantly, in photoprotection. Xanthophylls are assumed to be involved in the not yet fully understood mechanism of energy-dependent (qE) non-photochemical quenching of Chl fluorescence (NPQ) in higher plants and algae. The so called "xanthophyll cycle" appears to be crucial in this regard. The molecular mechanism(s) of xanthophyll involvement in qE/NPQ have not been established, yet. Moreover, excitation energy transfer (EET) processes involving carotenoids are also difficult to study, due to the fact that transitions between the ground state (S0, 11Ag-) and the lowest excited singlet state (S1, 21Ag-) of carotenoids are optically one-photon forbidden ("dark"). Two-photon excitation spectroscopic techniques have been used for more than two decades to study one-photon forbidden states of carotenoids. In the current study, two-photon excitation profiles of LHCII samples containing different xanthophyll complements were measured in the presumed 11Ag- → 21Ag- (S0 → S1) transition spectral region of the xanthophylls, as well as for isolated chlorophylls a and b in solution. The results indicate that direct two-photon excitation of Chls in this spectral region is dominant over that by xanthophylls. Implications of the results for proposed mechanism(s) of qE/NPQ will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Betke
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany and Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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13
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Razjivin A, Solov'ev A, Kompanets V, Chekalin S, Moskalenko A, Lokstein H. The origin of the "dark" absorption band near 675 nm in the purple bacterial core light-harvesting complex LH1: two-photon measurements of LH1 and its subunit B820. Photosynth Res 2019; 140:207-213. [PMID: 30411209 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A comparative two-photon excitation spectroscopic study of the exciton structure of the core antenna complex (LH1) and its subunit B820 was carried out. LH1 and its subunit B820 were isolated from cells of the carotenoid-less mutant G9 of Rhodospirillum rubrum. The measurements were performed by two-photon pump-probe spectroscopy. Samples were excited by 70 fs pulses at 1390 nm at a frequency of 1 kHz. Photoinduced absorption changes were recorded in the spectral range from 780 to 1020 nm for time delays of the probe pulse relative to the pump pulse in the - 1.5 to 11 ps range. All measurements were performed at room temperature. Two-photon excitation caused bleaching of exciton bands (k = 0, k = ± 1) of the circular bacteriochlorophyll aggregate of LH1. In the case of the B820 subunit, two-photon excitation did not cause absorption changes in this spectral range. It is proposed that in LH1 upper exciton branch states are mixed with charge-transfer (CT) states. In B820 such mixing is absent, precluding two-photon excitation in this spectral region. Usually, CT states are optically "dark", i.e., one photon-excitation forbidden. Thus, their investigation is rather complicated by conventional spectroscopic methods. Thus, our study provides a novel approach to investigate CT states and their interaction(s) with other excited states in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes and other molecular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Razjivin
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, MSU, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Solov'ev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | | | - Andrey Moskalenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Ashfold M, Bai S, Bradforth S, Chabera P, Cina J, Crespo-Hernández CE, das Neves Rodrigues N, Duchi M, Fleming G, Grieco C, Habershon S, Haggmark M, Hammes-Schiffer S, Hsieh ST, Kohler B, Lokstein H, Marcus A, Martinez T, Matsika S, Oliver TAA, Ortiz-Rodríguez L, Polivka T, Son M, Stavros V, Steen C, Turner M, Walla PJ, Woolley J. Photo-protection/photo-damage in natural systems: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:538-563. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd90031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Hatazaki S, Sharma DK, Hirata S, Nose K, Iyoda T, Kölsch A, Lokstein H, Vacha M. Identification of Short- and Long-Wavelength Emitting Chlorophylls in Cyanobacterial Photosystem I by Plasmon-Enhanced Single-Particle Spectroscopy at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6669-6675. [PMID: 30400743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A peculiarity of cyanobacterial Photosystem I (PSI) is the presence of so-called red chlorophylls absorbing at wavelengths longer than the reaction center P700. The origin and function of these chlorophylls have been debated in literature, but so far no consensus has been reached on either question. Here, we use plasmon-enhanced single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy to elucidate the origin of both short- and long-wavelength emitting species in monomeric PSI from Thermosynechococcus elongatus at room temperature. Polarized fluorescence spectra of single PSI complexes reveal a phase shift in the modulation of the short-wavelength (687 nm) and long-wavelength (717 nm) peaks. Numerical simulations show that this phase shift reflects a spatial angle of 15° between the transition dipole moments of the two forms. Quantum chemical calculations, together with reported X-ray structural and spectroscopic data, were used to assign the chlorophyll a monomer A3 as a candidate for the short-wavelength emitter and the B31-B32 chlorophyll dimer as a candidate for the long-wavelength emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soya Hatazaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Dharmendar Kumar Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Shuzo Hirata
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
| | - Keiji Nose
- Harris Science Research Institute , Doshisha University , 1-3 Miyakodani , Tatara, Kyotanabe , Kyoto 611-0394 , Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Harris Science Research Institute , Doshisha University , 1-3 Miyakodani , Tatara, Kyotanabe , Kyoto 611-0394 , Japan
| | - Adrian Kölsch
- Biophysik der Photosynthese , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Philippstr. 13 , 10115 Berlin , Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3 , 121 16 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44 , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8552 , Japan
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3 , 121 16 Prague , Czech Republic
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16
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Vinklárek IS, Bornemann TLV, Lokstein H, Hofmann E, Alster J, Pšenčík J. Temperature Dependence of Chlorophyll Triplet Quenching in Two Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting Complexes from Higher Plants and Dinoflagellates. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8834-8845. [PMID: 30179014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) triplet states generated in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) can be quenched by carotenoids to prevent the formation of reactive singlet oxygen. Although this quenching occurs with an efficiency close to 100% at physiological temperatures, the Chl triplets are often observed at low temperatures. This might be due to the intrinsic temperature dependence of the Dexter mechanism of excitation energy transfer, which governs triplet quenching, or by temperature-induced conformational changes. Here, we report about the temperature dependence of Chl triplet quenching in two LHCs. We show that both the effects contribute significantly. In LHC II of higher plants, the core Chls are quenched with a high efficiency independent of temperature. A different subpopulation of Chls, which increases with lowering temperature, is not quenched at all. This is probably caused by the conformational changes which detach these Chls from the energy-transfer chain. In a membrane-intrinsic LHC of dinoflagellates, similarly two subpopulations of Chls were observed. In addition, another part of Chl triplets is quenched by carotenoids with a rate which decreases with temperature. This allowed us to study the temperature dependence of Dexter energy transfer. Finally, a part of Chls was quenched by triplet-triplet annihilation, a phenomenon which was not observed for LHCs before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S Vinklárek
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3 , 121 16 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Till L V Bornemann
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Ruhr-University Bochum , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3 , 121 16 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Protein Crystallography, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Ruhr-University Bochum , D-44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Jan Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3 , 121 16 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pšenčík
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3 , 121 16 Prague 2 , Czech Republic
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17
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Kölsch A, Hejazi M, Stieger KR, Feifel SC, Kern JF, Müh F, Lisdat F, Lokstein H, Zouni A. Insights into the binding behavior of native and non-native cytochromes to photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9090-9100. [PMID: 29695502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of photosystem I (PS I) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus to the native cytochrome (cyt) c6 and cyt c from horse heart (cyt cHH) was analyzed by oxygen consumption measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and rigid body docking combined with electrostatic computations of binding energies. Although PS I has a higher affinity for cyt cHH than for cyt c6, the influence of ionic strength and pH on binding is different in the two cases. ITC and theoretical computations revealed the existence of unspecific binding sites for cyt cHH besides one specific binding site close to P700 Binding to PS I was found to be the same for reduced and oxidized cyt cHH Based on this information, suitable conditions for cocrystallization of cyt cHH with PS I were found, resulting in crystals with a PS I:cyt cHH ratio of 1:1. A crystal structure at 3.4-Å resolution was obtained, but cyt cHH cannot be identified in the electron density map because of unspecific binding sites and/or high flexibility at the specific binding site. Modeling the binding of cyt c6 to PS I revealed a specific binding site where the distance and orientation of cyt c6 relative to P700 are comparable with cyt c2 from purple bacteria relative to P870 This work provides new insights into the binding modes of different cytochromes to PS I, thus facilitating steps toward solving the PS I-cyt c costructure and a more detailed understanding of natural electron transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kölsch
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai R Stieger
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Sven C Feifel
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Jan F Kern
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Frank Müh
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria, and
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Athina Zouni
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany,
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18
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Thyrhaug E, Lincoln CN, Branchi F, Cerullo G, Perlík V, Šanda F, Lokstein H, Hauer J. Carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer through vibronic coupling in LH2 from Phaeosprillum molischianum. Photosynth Res 2018; 135:45-54. [PMID: 28523607 PMCID: PMC5783993 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral light-harvesting antenna complex (LH2) of purple photosynthetic bacteria is an ideal testing ground for models of structure-function relationships due to its well-determined molecular structure and ultrafast energy deactivation. It has been the target for numerous studies in both theory and ultrafast spectroscopy; nevertheless, certain aspects of the convoluted relaxation network of LH2 lack a satisfactory explanation by conventional theories. For example, the initial carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer step necessary on visible light excitation was long considered to follow the Förster mechanism, even though transfer times as short as 40 femtoseconds (fs) have been observed. Such transfer times are hard to accommodate by Förster theory, as the moderate coupling strengths found in LH2 suggest much slower transfer within this framework. In this study, we investigate LH2 from Phaeospirillum (Ph.) molischianum in two types of transient absorption experiments-with narrowband pump and white-light probe resulting in 100 fs time resolution, and with degenerate broadband 10 fs pump and probe pulses. With regard to the split Qx band in this system, we show that vibronically mediated transfer explains both the ultrafast carotenoid-to-B850 transfer, and the almost complete lack of transfer to B800. These results are beyond Förster theory, which predicts an almost equal partition between the two channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling Thyrhaug
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 27, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig N Lincoln
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 27, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federico Branchi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, IFN-CNR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, IFN-CNR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Václav Perlík
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Šanda
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gußhausstraße 27, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Kowalska D, Szalkowski M, Ashraf K, Grzelak J, Lokstein H, Niedziolka-Jonsson J, Cogdell R, Mackowski S. Spectrally selective fluorescence imaging of Chlorobaculum tepidum reaction centers conjugated to chelator-modified silver nanowires. Photosynth Res 2018; 135:329-336. [PMID: 29090426 PMCID: PMC5784008 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A polyhistidine tag (His-tag) present on Chlorobaculum tepidum reaction centers (RCs) was used to immobilize photosynthetic complexes on a silver nanowire (AgNW) modified with nickel-chelating nitrilo-triacetic acid (Ni-NTA). The optical properties of conjugated nanostructures were studied using wide-field and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Plasmonic enhancement of RCs conjugated to AgNWs was observed as their fluorescence intensity dependence on the excitation wavelength does not follow the excitation spectrum of RC complexes in solution. The strongest effect of plasmonic interactions on the emission intensity of RCs coincides with the absorption spectrum of AgNWs and is observed for excitation into the carotenoid absorption. From the absence of fluorescence decay shortening, we attribute the emission enhancement to increase of absorption in RC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kowalska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, Torun, Poland.
| | - Marcin Szalkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, Torun, Poland
| | - Khuram Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, Russ Berrie Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10025, USA
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, Torun, Poland
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Niedziolka-Jonsson
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
- Baltic Institute of Technology, Al. Zwycięstwa 96/98, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Richard Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, Torun, Poland.
- Baltic Institute of Technology, Al. Zwycięstwa 96/98, Gdynia, Poland.
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20
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Witte K, Mantouvalou I, Sánchez-de-Armas R, Lokstein H, Lebendig-Kuhla J, Jonas A, Roth F, Kanngießer B, Stiel H. On the Electronic Structure of Cu Chlorophyllin and Its Breakdown Products: A Carbon K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1846-1851. [PMID: 29350531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, the carbon backbone of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), a widely used chlorophyll derivative, and its breakdown products are analyzed to elucidate their electronic structure and physicochemical properties. Using various sample preparation methods and complementary spectroscopic methods (including UV/Vis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), a comprehensive insight into the SCC breakdown process is presented. The experimental results are supported by density functional theory calculations, allowing a detailed assignment of characteristic NEXAFS features to specific C bonds. SCC can be seen as a model system for the large group of porphyrins; thus, this work provides a novel and detailed description of the electronic structure of the carbon backbone of those molecules and their breakdown products. The achieved results also promise prospective optical pump/X-ray probe investigations of dynamic processes in chlorophyll-containing photosynthetic complexes to be analyzed more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocío Sánchez-de-Armas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Materials Theory Division, Uppsala University , P.O. BOX 516, S75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janina Lebendig-Kuhla
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie Berlin , 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Roth
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg , Leipziger Strasse 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | | | - Holger Stiel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie Berlin , 12489 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Ciornii D, Riedel M, Stieger KR, Feifel SC, Hejazi M, Lokstein H, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Bioelectronic Circuit on a 3D Electrode Architecture: Enzymatic Catalysis Interconnected with Photosystem I. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16478-16481. [PMID: 29091736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Artificial light-driven signal chains are particularly important for the development of systems converting light into a current, into chemicals or for light-induced sensing. Here, we report on the construction of an all-protein, light-triggered, catalytic circuit based on photosystem I, cytochrome c (cyt c) and human sulfite oxidase (hSOX). The defined assembly of all components using a modular design results in an artificial biohybrid electrode architecture, combining the photophysical features of PSI with the biocatalytic properties of hSOX for advanced light-controlled bioelectronics. The working principle is based on a competitive switch between electron supply from the electrode or by enzymatic substrate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Ciornii
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
| | - Marc Riedel
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
| | - Kai R Stieger
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
| | - Sven C Feifel
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin , Philippstrasse 13, Haus 18, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Athina Zouni
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin , Philippstrasse 13, Haus 18, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
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22
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Golub M, Hejazi M, Kölsch A, Lokstein H, Wieland DCF, Zouni A, Pieper J. Solution structure of monomeric and trimeric photosystem I of Thermosynechococcus elongatus investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering. Photosynth Res 2017; 133:163-173. [PMID: 28258466 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of monomeric and trimeric photosystem I (PS I) of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP1 (T. elongatus) was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The scattering data reveal that the protein-detergent complexes possess radii of gyration of 58 and 78 Å in the cases of monomeric and trimeric PS I, respectively. The results also show that the samples are monodisperse, virtually free of aggregation, and contain empty detergent micelles. The shape of the protein-detergent complexes can be well approximated by elliptical cylinders with a height of 78 Å. Monomeric PS I in buffer solution exhibits minor and major radii of the elliptical cylinder of about 50 and 85 Å, respectively. In the case of trimeric PS I, both radii are equal to about 110 Å. The latter model can be shown to accommodate three elliptical cylinders equal to those describing monomeric PS I. A structure reconstitution also reveals that the protein-detergent complexes are larger than their respective crystal structures. The reconstituted structures are larger by about 20 Å mainly in the region of the hydrophobic surfaces of the monomeric and trimeric PS I complexes. This seeming contradiction can be resolved by the addition of a detergent belt constituted by a monolayer of dodecyl-β-D-maltoside molecules. Assuming a closest possible packing, a number of roughly 1024 and 1472 detergent molecules can be determined for monomeric and trimeric PS I, respectively. Taking the monolayer of detergent molecules into account, the solution structure can be almost perfectly modeled by the crystal structures of monomeric and trimeric PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Kölsch
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D C Florian Wieland
- Department for Metalic Biomaterials, Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
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23
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Ashraf I, Konrad A, Lokstein H, Skandary S, Metzger M, Djouda JM, Maurer T, Adam PM, Meixner AJ, Brecht M. Temperature dependence of metal-enhanced fluorescence of photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Nanoscale 2017; 9:4196-4204. [PMID: 28287218 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08762k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the temperature dependence of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) of individual photosystem I (PSI) complexes from Thermosynechococcus elongatus (T. elongatus) coupled to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). A strong temperature dependence of shape and intensity of the emission spectra is observed when PSI is coupled to AuNPs. For each temperature, the enhancement factor (EF) is calculated by comparing the intensity of individual AuNP-coupled PSI to the mean intensity of 'uncoupled' PSI. At cryogenic temperature (1.6 K) the average EF was 4.3-fold. Upon increasing the temperature to 250 K the EF increases to 84-fold. Single complexes show even higher EFs up to 441.0-fold. At increasing temperatures the different spectral pools of PSI from T. elongatus become distinguishable. These pools are affected differently by the plasmonic interactions and show different enhancements. The remarkable increase of the EFs is explained by a rate model including the temperature dependence of the fluorescence yield of PSI and the spectral overlap between absorption and emission spectra of AuNPs and PSI, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ashraf
- IPTC and LISA+ Center, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Konrad
- IPTC and LISA+ Center, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sepideh Skandary
- IPTC and LISA+ Center, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Metzger
- IPTC and LISA+ Center, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Joseph M Djouda
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Instrumentation and Optics, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Thomas Maurer
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Instrumentation and Optics, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Pierre M Adam
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Instrumentation and Optics, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- IPTC and LISA+ Center, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marc Brecht
- IPTC and LISA+ Center, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Witte K, Streeck C, Mantouvalou I, Suchkova SA, Lokstein H, Grötzsch D, Martyanov W, Weser J, Kanngießer B, Beckhoff B, Stiel H. Magnesium K-Edge NEXAFS Spectroscopy of Chlorophyll a in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11619-11627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Witte
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für
Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für
Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Svetlana A. Suchkova
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, School of Analytical Sciences
Adlershof (SALSA), 10099 Berlin, Germany
- Southern Federal University, International Research
Center “Smart materials”, Rostov-na-Donu 344090, Russia
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics,
Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Grötzsch
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für
Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wjatscheslav Martyanov
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für
Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Weser
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Kanngießer
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für
Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Holger Stiel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Maćkowski S, Czechowski N, Ashraf KU, Szalkowski M, Lokstein H, Cogdell RJ, Kowalska D. Origin of bimodal fluorescence enhancement factors ofChlorobaculum tepidumreaction centers on silver island films. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2558-65. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Maćkowski
- Optics of Hybrid Nanostructures Group; Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Nikodem Czechowski
- Optics of Hybrid Nanostructures Group; Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Khuram U. Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - Marcin Szalkowski
- Optics of Hybrid Nanostructures Group; Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - Richard J. Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology; Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Optics of Hybrid Nanostructures Group; Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Torun Poland
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26
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Stieger KR, Ciornii D, Kölsch A, Hejazi M, Lokstein H, Feifel SC, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Engineering of supramolecular photoactive protein architectures: the defined co-assembly of photosystem I and cytochrome c using a nanoscaled DNA-matrix. Nanoscale 2016; 8:10695-705. [PMID: 27150202 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of renewable and sustainable protein-based light-to-energy converting systems is an emerging field of research. Here, we report on the development of supramolecular light-harvesting electrodes, consisting of the redox protein cytochrome c working as a molecular scaffold as well as a conductive wiring network and photosystem I as a photo-functional matrix element. Both proteins form complexes in solution, which in turn can be adsorbed on thiol-modified gold electrodes through a self-assembly mechanism. To overcome the limited stability of self-grown assemblies, DNA, a natural polyelectrolyte, is used as a further building block for the construction of a photo-active 3D architecture. DNA acts as a structural matrix element holding larger protein amounts and thus remarkably improving the maximum photocurrent and electrode stability. On investigating the photophysical properties, this system demonstrates that effective electron pathways have been created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R Stieger
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Dmitri Ciornii
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Adrian Kölsch
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sven C Feifel
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
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27
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Szalkowski M, Ashraf KU, Lokstein H, Mackowski S, Cogdell RJ, Kowalska D. Silver island film substrates for ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of (bio)molecules. Photosynth Res 2016; 127:103-108. [PMID: 26168991 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A silver island film (SIF) substrate was used to demonstrate that Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) is a powerful tool to enable detection of emission from (bio)molecules at very low concentrations. The experiments were carried out with the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) pigment-protein complex from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. FMO was diluted to a level, at which no emission was detectable on a glass substrate. In contrast, the fluorescence of FMO was readily observed on the SIF substrate, even though the emission wavelength of FMO is displaced by over 300 nm from the maximum of the plasmon resonance of the SIF layer. Estimated enhancements of the fluorescence intensity of FMO on SIF are about 40-fold. The enhancement factor correlates with the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio for FMO emission on SIF substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szalkowski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Khuram U Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Richard J Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland
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28
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Feifel SC, Lokstein H, Hejazi M, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Unidirectional Photocurrent of Photosystem I on π-System-Modified Graphene Electrodes: Nanobionic Approaches for the Construction of Photobiohybrid Systems. Langmuir 2015; 31:10590-8. [PMID: 26348323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
One major vital element of the oxygenic photosynthesis is photosystem I (PSI). We report on the construction of graphene-based nanohybrid light-harvesting architectures consisting of PSI supercomplexes adsorbed onto π-system-modified graphene interfaces. The light-driven nanophotobioelectrochemical architectures have been designed on a modified carbon surface, on the basis of π-π-stacking interactions between polycyclic aromatic compounds and graphene. As a result of the remarkable features of graphene and the feasibility of purposeful surface property adjustment, well-defined photoelectrochemical responses have been displayed by the nanophotohybrid electrodes. In particular, the PSI-graphene electrodes utilizing naphthalene derivatives provided a suitable surface for the adsorption of PSI and display already at the open circuit potential (OCP) a high cathodic photocurrent output of 4.5 ± 0.1 μA/cm(2). By applying an overpotential and addition of a soluble electron acceptor (methyl viologen), the photocurrent density can be further magnified to 20 ± 0.5 μA/cm(2). On the contrary, the investigated anthracene-based PSI-graphene electrodes exhibit considerably smaller and not very directed photoelectrochemical responses. This study grants insights into the influences of different polycyclic aromatic compounds acting as an interface between the very large protein supercomplex PSI and graphene while supporting the electrochemical communication of the biomolecule with the electrode. It needs to be emphasized that solely the naphthalene-based photoelectrodes reveal unidirectional cathodic photocurrents, establishing the feasibility of utilizing this advanced approach for the construction of next-generation photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven C Feifel
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and System Biology, University of Glasgow , 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Insitut für Biologie , Philippstrasse 13, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Insitut für Biologie , Philippstrasse 13, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Lisdat
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
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29
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Zagidullin VE, Lukashev EP, Knox PP, Seifullina NK, Sokolova OS, Pechnikova EV, Lokstein H, Paschenko VZ. Properties of hybrid hybrid complexes composed of photosynthetic reaction centers from the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides and quantum dots in lecithin liposomes. Biochemistry Moscow 2014; 79:1183-91. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Georg J, Dienst D, Schürgers N, Wallner T, Kopp D, Stazic D, Kuchmina E, Klähn S, Lokstein H, Hess WR, Wilde A. The small regulatory RNA SyR1/PsrR1 controls photosynthetic functions in cyanobacteria. Plant Cell 2014; 26:3661-79. [PMID: 25248550 PMCID: PMC4213160 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.129767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known so far about RNA regulators of photosynthesis in plants, algae, or cyanobacteria. The small RNA PsrR1 (formerly SyR1) has been discovered in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 and appears to be widely conserved within the cyanobacterial phylum. Expression of PsrR1 is induced shortly after a shift from moderate to high-light conditions. Artificial overexpression of PsrR1 led to a bleaching phenotype under moderate light growth conditions. Advanced computational target prediction suggested that several photosynthesis-related mRNAs could be controlled by PsrR1, a finding supported by the results of transcriptome profiling experiments upon pulsed overexpression of this small RNA in Synechocystis sp PCC 6803. We confirmed the interaction between PsrR1 and the ribosome binding regions of the psaL, psaJ, chlN, and cpcA mRNAs by mutational analysis in a heterologous reporter system. Focusing on psaL as a specific target, we show that the psaL mRNA is processed by RNase E only in the presence of PsrR1. Furthermore, we provide evidence for a posttranscriptional regulation of psaL by PsrR1 in the wild type at various environmental conditions and analyzed the consequences of PsrR1-based regulation on photosystem I. In summary, computational and experimental data consistently establish the small RNA PsrR1 as a regulatory factor controlling photosynthetic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Georg
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Dienst
- Humboldt-University Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Schürgers
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wallner
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Kopp
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Damir Stazic
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Klähn
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Hess
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Wilde
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Alster J, Lokstein H, Dostál J, Uchida A, Zigmantas D. 2D Spectroscopy Study of Water-Soluble Chlorophyll-Binding Protein from Lepidium virginicum. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3524-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411174t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Alster
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221-00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Glasgow
Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems
Biology, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland/U.K
| | - Jakub Dostál
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221-00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Akira Uchida
- Department
of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1
Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221-00 Lund, Sweden
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32
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Stieger KR, Feifel SC, Lokstein H, Lisdat F. Advanced unidirectional photocurrent generation via cytochrome c as reaction partner for directed assembly of photosystem I. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15667-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00935e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Engineering biohybrid photodiodes using surface-fixed cytochrome c as scaffold for efficiently connecting photosystem I with electrodes in 3D protein architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R. Stieger
- Biosystems Technology
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau
- D-15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Sven C. Feifel
- Biosystems Technology
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau
- D-15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institute for Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology
- Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau
- D-15745 Wildau, Germany
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33
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Shpilyov AV, Zinchenko VV, Grimm B, Lokstein H. Chlorophyll a phytylation is required for the stability of photosystems I and II in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant J 2013; 73:336-346. [PMID: 23039123 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic phototrophic organisms, the phytyl 'tail' of chlorophyll a is formed from a geranylgeranyl residue by the enzyme geranylgeranyl reductase. Additionally, in oxygenic phototrophs, phytyl residues are the tail moieties of tocopherols and phylloquinone. A mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacking geranylgeranyl reductase, ΔchlP, was compared to strains with specific deficiencies in either tocopherols or phylloquinone to assess the role of chlorophyll a phytylatation (versus geranylgeranylation). The tocopherol-less Δhpt strain grows indistinguishably from the wild-type under 'standard' light photoautotrophic conditions, and exhibited only a slightly enhanced rate of photosystem I degradation under strong irradiation. The phylloquinone-less ΔmenA mutant also grows photoautotrophically, albeit rather slowly and only at low light intensities. Under strong irradiation, ΔmenA retained its chlorophyll content, indicative of stable photosystems. ΔchlP may only be cultured photomixotrophically (due to the instability of both photosystems I and II). The increased accumulation of myxoxanthophyll in ΔchlP cells indicates photo-oxidative stress even under moderate illumination. Under high-light conditions, ΔchlP exhibited rapid degradation of photosystems I and II. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that chlorophyll a phytylation is important for the (photo)stability of photosystems I and II, which, in turn, is necessary for photoautotrophic growth and tolerance of high light in an oxygenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Shpilyov
- Biology Division, Genetics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia
- Institut für Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladislav V Zinchenko
- Biology Division, Genetics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institut für Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institut für Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Biologie III, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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34
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Averina N, Shalygo N, Grimm B, Lokstein H. Elena Yaronskaya (10.05.1955-24.09.2011). Photosynth Res 2012; 111:259-260. [PMID: 22351296 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Averina
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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35
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Lokstein H, Betke A, Krikunova M, Teuchner K, Voigt B. Elucidation of structure-function relationships in plant major light-harvesting complex (LHC II) by nonlinear spectroscopy. Photosynth Res 2012; 111:227-235. [PMID: 22042329 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-011-9700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Conventional linear and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques are often not appropriate to elucidate specific pigment-pigment interactions in light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes (LHCs). Nonlinear (laser-) spectroscopic techniques, including nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain (NLPF) as well as step-wise (resonant) and simultaneous (non-resonant) two-photon excitation spectroscopies may be advantageous in this regard. Nonlinear spectroscopies have been used to elucidate substructure(s) of very complex spectra, including analyses of strong excitonic couplings between chlorophylls and of interactions between (bacterio)chlorophylls and "optically dark" states of carotenoids in LHCs, including the major antenna complex of higher plants, LHC II. This article shortly reviews our previous study and outlines perspectives regarding the application of selected nonlinear laser-spectroscopic techniques to disentangle structure-function relationships in LHCs and other pigment-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lokstein
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Haus 20, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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36
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Nordhues A, Schöttler MA, Unger AK, Geimer S, Schönfelder S, Schmollinger S, Rütgers M, Finazzi G, Soppa B, Sommer F, Mühlhaus T, Roach T, Krieger-Liszkay A, Lokstein H, Crespo JL, Schroda M. Evidence for a role of VIPP1 in the structural organization of the photosynthetic apparatus in Chlamydomonas. Plant Cell 2012; 24:637-59. [PMID: 22307852 PMCID: PMC3315238 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.092692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The vesicle-inducing protein in plastids (VIPP1) was suggested to play a role in thylakoid membrane formation via membrane vesicles. As this functional assignment is under debate, we investigated the function of VIPP1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using immunofluorescence, we localized VIPP1 to distinct spots within the chloroplast. In VIPP1-RNA interference/artificial microRNA cells, we consistently observed aberrant, prolamellar body-like structures at the origin of multiple thylakoid membrane layers, which appear to coincide with the immunofluorescent VIPP1 spots and suggest a defect in thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Accordingly, using quantitative shotgun proteomics, we found that unstressed vipp1 mutant cells accumulate 14 to 20% less photosystems, cytochrome b(6)f complex, and ATP synthase but 30% more light-harvesting complex II than control cells, while complex assembly, thylakoid membrane ultrastructure, and bulk lipid composition appeared unaltered. Photosystems in vipp1 mutants are sensitive to high light, which coincides with a lowered midpoint potential of the Q(A)/Q(A)(-) redox couple and increased thermosensitivity of photosystem II (PSII), suggesting structural defects in PSII. Moreover, swollen thylakoids, despite reduced membrane energization, in vipp1 mutants grown on ammonium suggest defects in the supermolecular organization of thylakoid membrane complexes. Overall, our data suggest a role of VIPP1 in the biogenesis/assembly of thylakoid membrane core complexes, most likely by supplying structural lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Nordhues
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Unger
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schönfelder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Rütgers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Joseph Fourier, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Soppa
- Zellbiologie/Elektronenmikroskopie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thomas Roach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, iBiTec-S, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 2096, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, iBiTec-S, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 2096, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - José Luis Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Michael Schroda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Fachbereich Biologie, Molekulare Biotechnologie und Systembiologie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Lokstein H, Krikunova M, Teuchner K, Voigt B. Elucidation of structure-function relationships in photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna complexes by non-linear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain (NLPF). J Plant Physiol 2011; 168:1488-96. [PMID: 21316796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetically active pigments are usually organized into pigment-protein complexes. These include light-harvesting antenna complexes (LHCs) and reaction centers. Site energies of the bound pigments are determined by interactions with their environment, i.e., by pigment-protein as well as pigment-pigment interactions. Thus, resolution of spectral substructures of the pigment-protein complexes may provide valuable insight into structure-function relationships. By means of conventional (linear) and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, however, it is often difficult to resolve the spectral substructures of complex pigment-protein assemblies. Nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain (NLPF) is shown to be a valuable technique in this regard. Based on initial experimental work with purple bacterial antenna complexes as well as model systems NLPF has been extended to analyse the substructure(s) of very complex spectra, including analyses of interactions between chlorophylls and "optically dark" states of carotenoids in LHCs. The paper reviews previous work and outlines perspectives regarding the application of NLPF spectroscopy to disentangle structure-function relationships in pigment-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lokstein
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Damaraju S, Schlede S, Eckhardt U, Lokstein H, Grimm B. Functions of the water soluble chlorophyll-binding protein in plants. J Plant Physiol 2011; 168:1444-51. [PMID: 21481489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional aspects of water soluble chlorophyll-binding protein (WSCP) in plants were investigated during the courses of leaf senescence, chlorophyll biogenesis, stress response and photoprotection. The cDNA sequence encoding WSCP from cauliflower was cloned into a binary vector to facilitate Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of Nicotiana tabacum. The resultant transgenic tobacco plants overexpressed the CauWSCP gene under the control of a 35S-promoter. Analyses of protein and pigment contents indicate that WSCP overexpression does not enhance chlorophyll catabolism in vivo, thus rendering a role of WSCP in Chl degradation unlikely. Accumulation of higher levels of protochlorophyllide in WSCP overexpressor plants corroborates a proposed temporary storage and carrier function of WSCP for chlorophyll and late precursors. Although WSCP overexpressor plants did not show significant differences in non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, they are characterized by significantly lower zeaxanthin accumulation and peroxidase activity at different light intensities, even at high light intensities of 700-900μmol photons m(-2)s(-1). These results suggest a photoprotective function of the functional chlorophyll binding-WSCP tetramer by shielding of chlorophylls from molecular oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Damaraju
- Institut für Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, Gebäude 12, 115 Berlin, Germany
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Ebenhöh O, Houwaart T, Lokstein H, Schlede S, Tirok K. A minimal mathematical model of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biosystems 2011; 103:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Landau AM, Lokstein H, Scheller HV, Lainez V, Maldonado S, Prina AR. A cytoplasmically inherited barley mutant is defective in photosystem I assembly due to a temperature-sensitive defect in ycf3 splicing. Plant Physiol 2009; 151:1802-11. [PMID: 19812182 PMCID: PMC2785965 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.147843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A cytoplasmically inherited chlorophyll-deficient mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare) termed cytoplasmic line 3 (CL3), displaying a viridis (homogeneously light-green colored) phenotype, has been previously shown to be affected by elevated temperatures. In this article, biochemical, biophysical, and molecular approaches were used to study the CL3 mutant under different temperature and light conditions. The results lead to the conclusion that an impaired assembly of photosystem I (PSI) under higher temperatures and certain light conditions is the primary cause of the CL3 phenotype. Compromised splicing of ycf3 transcripts, particularly at elevated temperature, resulting from a mutation in a noncoding region (intron 1) in the mutant ycf3 gene results in a defective synthesis of Ycf3, which is a chaperone involved in PSI assembly. The defective PSI assembly causes severe photoinhibition and degradation of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mabel Landau
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, B1712WAA Castelar, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lokstein H, Höxtermann E, Leupold D, Garab G, Renger G. A tribute: Professor Dr. Paul Hoffmann (March 28, 1931-July 10, 2008), a scientist with a great collaborative spirit. Photosynth Res 2009; 100:1-5. [PMID: 19277891 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Lokstein
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Voigt B, Krikunova M, Lokstein H. Influence of detergent concentration on aggregation and spectroscopic properties of light-harvesting complex II. Photosynth Res 2008; 95:317-25. [PMID: 17912607 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes strongly influences their spectroscopic properties. Fluorescence yield and excited state lifetimes of the main light-harvesting complex (LHC II) of higher plants strongly depend on its aggregation state. Detergents are commonly used to solubilize membrane proteins and/or to circumvent their aggregation in aqueous environments. Nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain (NLPF) was performed with LHC II over a wide concentration range of the mild detergent n-dodecyl beta-D: -maltoside (beta-DM). Additionally, conventional absorption-, fluorescence- and circular dichroism-spectra were measured.The results indicate that: (i) conventional spectroscopic techniques are not well suited to investigate aggregation effects. NLPF provides a novel approach to overcome this problem: NLPF spectra display dramatic alterations upon even minor beta-DM concentration changes. (ii) Commonly used detergent concentrations (around or slightly above the critical micellar concentration) apparently do not lead to complete trimerization of LHC II. A long-wavelength species in the NLPF spectra (peaking at about 685 nm), indicative of residual aggregation, persists up to DM-concentrations of 0.06%. (iii) High-resolution NLPF spectra indicate the existence of a species with a considerably shortened excited state lifetime. (iv) No indication of denaturation was found even at the highest beta-DM concentrations used. (v) A specific change in interaction between certain chlorophyll(s) b and a xanthophyll molecule, probably neoxanthin, was detected upon aggregation as well as at higher beta-DM concentrations. The results are discussed with respect to the still elusive mechanism of nonradiative dissipation of excess excitation energy in the antenna system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Voigt
- Institut für Physik/Photonik, Universität Potsdam, Postfach 601553, 14415, Potsdam, Germany
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Abstract
Extremophilic organisms are gaining increasing interest because of their unique metabolic capacities and great biotechnological potential. The unicellular acidophilic and mesothermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria (074G) can grow autotrophically in light as well as heterotrophically in the dark. In this paper, the effects of externally added glucose on primary and secondary photosynthetic reactions are assessed to elucidate mixotrophic capacities of the alga. Photosynthetic O2 evolution was quantified in an open system with a constant supply of CO2 to avoid rapid volatilization of dissolved inorganic carbon at low pH levels. In the presence of glucose, O2 evolution was repressed even in illuminated cells. Ratios of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and 77 K fluorescence spectra indicated a reduced photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. The results were corroborated by strongly reduced levels of the photosystem II reaction centre protein D1. The downregulation of primary photosynthetic reactions was accompanied by reduced levels of the Calvin Cycle enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Both effects depended on functional sugar uptake and are thus initiated by intracellular rather than extracellular glucose. Following glucose depletion, photosynthetic O2 evolution of illuminated cells commenced after 15 h and Rubisco levels again reached the levels of autotrophic cells. It is concluded that true mixotrophy, involving electron transport across both photosystems, does not occur in G. sulphuraria 074G, and that heterotrophic growth is favoured over autotrophic growth if sufficient organic carbon is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Oesterhelt
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Legall H, Stiel H, Beck M, Leupold D, Gruszecki WI, Lokstein H. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) of pigment-protein complexes: peridinin-chlorophyll a protein (PCP) of Amphidinium carterae. J Biochem Biophys Methods 2007; 70:369-76. [PMID: 17011037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin-chlorophyll a protein (PCP) is a unique water soluble antenna complex that employs the carotenoid peridinin as the main light-harvesting pigment. In the present study the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum of PCP was recorded at the carbon K-edge. Additionally, the NEXAFS spectra of the constituent pigments, chlorophyll a and peridinin, were measured. The energies of the lowest unoccupied molecular levels of these pigments appearing in the carbon NEXAFS spectrum were resolved. Individual contributions of the pigments and the protein to the measured NEXAFS spectrum of PCP were determined using a "building block" approach combining NEXAFS spectra of the pigments and the amino acids constituting the PCP apoprotein. The results suggest that absorption changes of the pigments in the carbon near K-edge region can be resolved following excitation using a suitable visible pump laser pulse. Consequently, it may be possible to study excitation energy transfer processes involving "optically dark" states of carotenoids in pigment-protein complexes by soft X-ray probe optical pump double resonance spectroscopy (XODR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Legall
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Str. 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Fritz M, Lokstein H, Hackenberg D, Welti R, Roth M, Zähringer U, Fulda M, Hellmeyer W, Ott C, Wolter FP, Heinz E. Channeling of eukaryotic diacylglycerol into the biosynthesis of plastidial phosphatidylglycerol. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:4613-4625. [PMID: 17158889 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606295200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastidial glycolipids contain diacylglycerol (DAG) moieties, which are either synthesized in the plastids (prokaryotic lipids) or originate in the extraplastidial compartment (eukaryotic lipids) necessitating their transfer into plastids. In contrast, the only phospholipid in plastids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), contains exclusively prokaryotic DAG backbones. PG contributes in several ways to the functions of chloroplasts, but it is not known to what extent its prokaryotic nature is required to fulfill these tasks. As a first step toward answering this question, we produced transgenic tobacco plants that contain eukaryotic PG in thylakoids. This was achieved by targeting a bacterial DAG kinase into chloroplasts in which the heterologous enzyme was also incorporated into the envelope fraction. From lipid analysis we conclude that the DAG kinase phosphorylated eukaryotic DAG forming phosphatidic acid, which was converted into PG. This resulted in PG with 2-3 times more eukaryotic than prokaryotic DAG backbones. In the newly formed PG the unique Delta3-trans-double bond, normally confined to 3-trans-hexadecenoic acid, was also found in sn-2-bound cis-unsaturated C18 fatty acids. In addition, a lipidomics technique allowed the characterization of phosphatidic acid, which is assumed to be derived from eukaryotic DAG precursors in the chloroplasts of the transgenic plants. The differences in lipid composition had only minor effects on measured functions of the photosynthetic apparatus, whereas the most obvious phenotype was a significant reduction in growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Fritz
- Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Generalverwaltung, Hofgartenstrasse 8, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam, Pflanzenphysiologie, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Hackenberg
- Institut für Biologie/Pflanzenphysiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-4901
| | - Mary Roth
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-4901
| | - Ulrich Zähringer
- Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Parkallee 4, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Martin Fulda
- Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany; Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Biochemie der Pflanze, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and the.
| | - Wiebke Hellmeyer
- Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Ott
- Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank P Wolter
- Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany; Bundesverband Deutscher Pflanzenzüchter, GVSmbH, Kaufmannstrasse 71-73, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Heinz
- Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
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Leupold D, Teuchner K, Ehlert J, Irrgang KD, Renger G, Lokstein H. Stepwise Two-photon Excited Fluorescence from Higher Excited States of Chlorophylls in Photosynthetic Antenna Complexes. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:25381-7. [PMID: 16799157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stepwise two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) spectra of the photosynthetic antenna complexes PCP, CP47, CP29, and light-harvesting complex II (LHC II) were measured. TPEF emitted from higher excited states of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b was elicited via consecutive absorption of two photons in the Chl a/b Qy range induced by tunable 100-fs laser pulses. Global analyses of the TPEF line shapes with a model function for monomeric Chl a in a proteinaceous environment allow distinction between contributions from monomeric Chls a and b, strongly excitonically coupled Chls a, and Chl a/b heterodimers/-oligomers. The analyses indicate that the longest wavelength-absorbing Chl species in the Qy region of LHC II is a Chl a homodimer with additional contributions from adjacent Chl b. Likewise, in CP47 a spectral form at approximately 680 nm (that is, however, not the red-most species) is also due to strongly coupled Chls a. In contrast to LHC II, the red-most Chl subband of CP29 is due to a monomeric Chl a. The two Chls b in CP29 exhibit marked differences: a Chl b absorbing at approximately 650 nm is not excitonically coupled to other Chls. Based on this finding, the refractive index of its microenvironment can be determined to be 1.48. The second Chl b in CP29 (absorbing at approximately 640 nm) is strongly coupled to Chl a. Implications of the findings with respect to excitation energy transfer pathways and rates are discussed. Moreover, the results will be related to most recent structural analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Leupold
- Institut für Physik/Photonik, Universität Potsdam, Postfach 601553, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany
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47
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Mikhailyuk IK, Knox PP, Paschenko VZ, Razjivin AP, Lokstein H. Analysis of absorption spectra of purple bacterial reaction centers in the near infrared region by higher order derivative spectroscopy. Biophys Chem 2006; 122:16-26. [PMID: 16513249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reaction centers (RCs) of purple bacteria are uniquely suited objects to study the mechanisms of the photosynthetic conversion of light energy into chemical energy. A recently introduced method of higher order derivative spectroscopy [I.K. Mikhailyuk, H. Lokstein, A.P. Razjivin, A method of spectral subband decomposition by simultaneous fitting the initial spectrum and a set of its derivatives, J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 63 (2005) 10-23] was used to analyze the NIR absorption spectra of RC preparations from Rhodobacter (R.) sphaeroides strain 2R and Blastochloris (B.) viridis strain KH, containing bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a and b, respectively. Q(y) bands of individual RC porphyrin components (BChls and bacteriopheophytins, BPheo) were identified. The results indicate that the upper exciton level P(y+) of the photo-active BChl dimer in RCs of R. sphaeroides has an absorption maximum of 810nm. The blue shift of a complex integral band at approximately 800nm upon oxidation of the RC is caused primarily by bleaching of P(y+), rather than by an electrochromic shift of the absorption band(s) of the monomeric BChls. Likewise, the disappearance of a band peaking at 842nm upon oxidation of RCs from B. viridis indicates that this band has to be assigned to P(y+). A blue shift of an absorption band at approximately 830nm upon oxidation of RCs of B. viridis is also essentially caused by the disappearance of P(y+), rather than by an electrochromic shift of the absorption bands of monomeric BChls. Absorption maxima of the monomeric BChls, B(B) and B(A) are at 802 and 797nm, respectively, in RCs of R. sphaeroides at room temperature. BPheo co-factors H(B) and H(A) peak at 748 and 758nm, respectively, at room temperature. For B. viridis RCs the spectral positions of H(B) and H(A) were found to be 796 and 816nm, respectively, at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Mikhailyuk
- A.N. Belozerski Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
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Krikunova M, Lokstein H, Leupold D, Hiller RG, Voigt B. Pigment-pigment interactions in PCP of Amphidinium carterae investigated by nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain. Biophys J 2005; 90:261-71. [PMID: 16214876 PMCID: PMC1367025 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.055350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein (PCP) is a unique antenna complex in dinoflagellates that employs peridinin (a carotenoid) as its main light-harvesting pigment. Strong excitonic interactions between peridinins, as well as between peridinins and chlorophylls (Chls) a, can be expected from the short intermolecular distances revealed by the crystal structure. Different experimental approaches of nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain (NLPF) were used to investigate the various interactions between pigments in PCP of Amphidinium carterae at room temperature. Lineshapes of NLPF spectra indicate strong excitonic interactions between the peridinin's optically allowed S(2) (1Bu(+)) states. A comprehensive subband analysis of the distinct NLPF spectral substructure in the peridinin region allows us to assign peridinin subbands to the two Chls a in PCP having different S(1)-state lifetimes. Peridinin subbands at 487, 501, and 535 nm were assigned to the longer-lived Chl, whereas a peridinin subband peaking at 515 nm was detected in both clusters. Certain peridinin(s), obviously corresponding to the subband centered at 487 nm, show(s) specific (possibly Coulombic?) interaction between the optically dark S(1)(2A(g)(-)) and/or intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state and S(1) of Chl a. The NLPF spectrum, hence, indicates that this peridinin state is approximately isoenergetic or slightly above S(1) of Chl a. A global subband analysis of absorption and NLPF spectra reveals that the Chl a Q(y)-band consists of two subbands (peaking at 669 and 675 nm and having different lifetimes), confirmed by NLPF spectra recorded at high pump intensities. At the highest applied pump intensities an additional band centered at </=660 nm appears, suggesting-together with the above results-an assignment to a low-dipole moment S(0) --> S(1)/ICT transition of peridinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krikunova
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Berlin, Germany
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Gruszecki WI, Stiel H, Niedzwiedzki D, Beck M, Milanowska J, Lokstein H, Leupold D. Towards elucidating the energy of the first excited singlet state of xanthophyll cycle pigments by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1708:102-7. [PMID: 15949988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Revised: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The first excited singlet state (S(1)) of carotenoids (also termed 2A(g)(-)) plays a key role in photosynthetic excitation energy transfer due to its close proximity to the S(1) (Q(y)) level of chlorophylls. The determination of carotenoid 2A(g)(-) energies by optical techniques is difficult; transitions from the ground state (S(0), 1A(g)(-)) to the 2A(g)(-) state are forbidden ("optically dark") due to parity (g <-- //--> g) as well as pseudo-parity selection rules (- <-- //--> -). Of particular interest are S(1) energies of the so-called xanthophyll-cycle pigments (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin) due to their involvement in photoprotection in plants. Previous determinations of S(1) energies of violaxanthin and zeaxanthin by different spectroscopic techniques vary considerably. Here we present an alternative approach towards elucidation of the optically dark states of xanthophylls by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The indication of at least one pi* energy level (about 0.5 eV below the lowest 1B(u)(+) vibronic sublevel) has been found for zeaxanthin. Present limitations and future improvements of NEXAFS to study optically dark states of carotenoids are discussed. NEXAFS combined with simultaneous optical pumping will further aid the investigation of these otherwise hardly accessible states.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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50
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Shpilyov AV, Zinchenko VV, Shestakov SV, Grimm B, Lokstein H. Inactivation of the geranylgeranyl reductase (ChlP) gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005; 1706:195-203. [PMID: 15694347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 11/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Geranylgeranyl reductase catalyses the reduction of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to phytyl pyrophosphate required for synthesis of chlorophylls, phylloquinone and tocopherols. The gene chlP (ORF sll1091) encoding the enzyme has been inactivated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The resulting DeltachlP mutant accumulates exclusively geranylgeranylated chlorophyll a instead of its phytylated analogue as well as low amounts of alpha-tocotrienol instead of alpha-tocopherol. Whereas the contents of chlorophyll and total carotenoids are decreased, abundance of phycobilisomes is increased in DeltachlP cells. The mutant assembles functional photosystems I and II as judged from 77 K fluorescence and electron transport measurements. However, the mutant is unable to grow photoautotrophically due to instability and rapid degradation of the photosystems in the absence of added glucose. We suggest that instability of the photosystems in DeltachlP is directly related to accumulation of geranylgeranylated chlorophyll a. Increased rigidity of the chlorophyll isoprenoid tail moiety due to three additional CC bonds is the likely cause of photooxidative stress and reduced stability of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes assembled with geranylgeranylated chlorophyll a in the DeltachlP mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Shpilyov
- Department of Genetics, Biology Division, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
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