1
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Canderan G, Muehling LM, Kadl A, Ladd S, Bonham C, Cross CE, Lima SM, Yin X, Sturek JM, Wilson JM, Keshavarz B, Bryant N, Murphy DD, Cheon IS, McNamara CA, Sun J, Utz PJ, Dolatshahi S, Irish JM, Woodfolk JA. Distinct Type 1 Immune Networks Underlie the Severity of Restrictive Lung Disease after COVID-19. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.03.587929. [PMID: 38617217 PMCID: PMC11014603 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The variable etiology of persistent breathlessness after COVID-19 have confounded efforts to decipher the immunopathology of lung sequelae. Here, we analyzed hundreds of cellular and molecular features in the context of discrete pulmonary phenotypes to define the systemic immune landscape of post-COVID lung disease. Cluster analysis of lung physiology measures highlighted two phenotypes of restrictive lung disease that differed by their impaired diffusion and severity of fibrosis. Machine learning revealed marked CCR5+CD95+ CD8+ T-cell perturbations in mild-to-moderate lung disease, but attenuated T-cell responses hallmarked by elevated CXCL13 in more severe disease. Distinct sets of cells, mediators, and autoantibodies distinguished each restrictive phenotype, and differed from those of patients without significant lung involvement. These differences were reflected in divergent T-cell-based type 1 networks according to severity of lung disease. Our findings, which provide an immunological basis for active lung injury versus advanced disease after COVID-19, might offer new targets for treatment.
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2
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Son YM, Cheon IS, Li C, Sun J. Persistent B Cell-Derived MHC Class II Signaling Is Required for the Optimal Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Helper T Cells. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:163-171. [PMID: 38345472 PMCID: PMC10916357 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have identified the critical roles of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) and B (BRM) cells in the protection against mucosal viral infections, but the underlying mechanisms regulating robust development of TRM and BRM cells remain incompletely understood. We have recently shown that tissue-resident helper CD4+ T (TRH) cells, developed following influenza virus infection, function to sustain the optimal maintenance of TRM and BRM cells at the mucosal surface. In this study, we have explored the cellular and molecular cues modulating lung TRH persistence after influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice. We found that TRH cells were colocalized in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) with local B cells. Abolishing TLSs or the depletion of B cells impaired lung TRH cell numbers. Of note, we found that persistent TCR signaling is needed for the maintenance of TRH cells after the clearance of infectious influenza virus. Furthermore, selective ablation of B cell-derived MHC class II resulted in partial reduction of lung TRH cell number after influenza infection. Our findings suggest that the interaction between lung-resident TRH cells and B cells, along with persistent Ag stimulation, is required to maintain TRH cells after respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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3
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Narasimhan H, Cheon IS, Qian W, Hu S, Parimon T, Li C, Goplen N, Wu Y, Wei X, Son YM, Fink E, Santos G, Tang J, Yao C, Muehling L, Canderan G, Kadl A, Cannon A, Young S, Hannan R, Bingham G, Arish M, Chaudhari AS, Sturek J, Pramoonjago P, Shim YM, Woodfolk J, Zang C, Chen P, Sun J. Proximal immune-epithelial progenitor interactions drive chronic tissue sequelae post COVID-19. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3587418. [PMID: 38077031 PMCID: PMC10705705 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3587418/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The long-term physiological consequences of SARS-CoV-2, termed Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), are rapidly evolving into a major public health concern. The underlying cellular and molecular etiology remain poorly defined but growing evidence links PASC to abnormal immune responses and/or poor organ recovery post-infection. Yet, the precise mechanisms driving non-resolving inflammation and impaired tissue repair in the context of PASC remain unclear. With insights from three independent clinical cohorts of PASC patients with abnormal lung function and/or viral infection-mediated pulmonary fibrosis, we established a clinically relevant mouse model of post-viral lung sequelae to investigate the pathophysiology of respiratory PASC. By employing a combination of spatial transcriptomics and imaging, we identified dysregulated proximal interactions between immune cells and epithelial progenitors unique to the fibroproliferation in respiratory PASC but not acute COVID-19 or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Specifically, we found a central role for lung-resident CD8+ T cell-macrophage interactions in maintaining Krt8hi transitional and ectopic Krt5+ basal cell progenitors, thus impairing alveolar regeneration and driving fibrotic sequelae after acute viral pneumonia. Mechanistically, CD8+ T cell derived IFN-γ and TNF stimulated lung macrophages to chronically release IL-1β, resulting in the abnormal accumulation of dysplastic epithelial progenitors and fibrosis. Notably, therapeutic neutralization of IFN-γ and TNF, or IL-1β after the resolution of acute infection resulted in markedly improved alveolar regeneration and restoration of pulmonary function. Together, our findings implicate a dysregulated immune-epithelial progenitor niche in driving respiratory PASC. Moreover, in contrast to other approaches requiring early intervention, we highlight therapeutic strategies to rescue fibrotic disease in the aftermath of respiratory viral infections, addressing the current unmet need in the clinical management of PASC and post-viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Narasimhan
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sheng’en Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nick Goplen
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Elizabeth Fink
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gislane Santos
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jinyi Tang
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Lyndsey Muehling
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Glenda Canderan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Alexandra Kadl
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Abigail Cannon
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Samuel Young
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Riley Hannan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Grace Bingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mohammed Arish
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Arka Sen Chaudhari
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sturek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Yun Michael Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Judith Woodfolk
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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4
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Narasimhan H, Cheon IS, Qian W, Hu S, Parimon T, Li C, Goplen N, Wu Y, Wei X, Son YM, Fink E, Santos G, Tang J, Yao C, Muehling L, Canderan G, Kadl A, Cannon A, Young S, Hannan R, Bingham G, Arish M, Chaudhari AS, Sturek J, Pramoonjago P, Shim YM, Woodfolk J, Zang C, Chen P, Sun J. Proximal immune-epithelial progenitor interactions drive chronic tissue sequelae post COVID-19. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.13.557622. [PMID: 37745354 PMCID: PMC10515929 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The long-term physiological consequences of SARS-CoV-2, termed Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), are rapidly evolving into a major public health concern. The underlying cellular and molecular etiology remain poorly defined but growing evidence links PASC to abnormal immune responses and/or poor organ recovery post-infection. Yet, the precise mechanisms driving non-resolving inflammation and impaired tissue repair in the context of PASC remain unclear. With insights from three independent clinical cohorts of PASC patients with abnormal lung function and/or viral infection-mediated pulmonary fibrosis, we established a clinically relevant mouse model of post-viral lung sequelae to investigate the pathophysiology of respiratory PASC. By employing a combination of spatial transcriptomics and imaging, we identified dysregulated proximal interactions between immune cells and epithelial progenitors unique to the fibroproliferation in respiratory PASC but not acute COVID-19 or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Specifically, we found a central role for lung-resident CD8+ T cell-macrophage interactions in maintaining Krt8hi transitional and ectopic Krt5+ basal cell progenitors, thus impairing alveolar regeneration and driving fibrotic sequelae after acute viral pneumonia. Mechanistically, CD8+ T cell derived IFN-γ and TNF stimulated lung macrophages to chronically release IL-1β, resulting in the abnormal accumulation of dysplastic epithelial progenitors and fibrosis. Notably, therapeutic neutralization of IFN-γ and TNF, or IL-1β after the resolution of acute infection resulted in markedly improved alveolar regeneration and restoration of pulmonary function. Together, our findings implicate a dysregulated immune-epithelial progenitor niche in driving respiratory PASC. Moreover, in contrast to other approaches requiring early intervention, we highlight therapeutic strategies to rescue fibrotic disease in the aftermath of respiratory viral infections, addressing the current unmet need in the clinical management of PASC and post-viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Narasimhan
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sheng’en Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nick Goplen
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Elizabeth Fink
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gislane Santos
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jinyi Tang
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Lyndsey Muehling
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Glenda Canderan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Alexandra Kadl
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Abigail Cannon
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Samuel Young
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Riley Hannan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Grace Bingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mohammed Arish
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Arka Sen Chaudhari
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sturek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Yun Michael Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Judith Woodfolk
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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5
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Abstract
Rapid reaction to microbes invading mucosal tissues is key to protect the host against disease. Respiratory tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells provide superior immunity against pathogen infection and/or re-infection, due to their presence at the site of pathogen entry. However, there has been emerging evidence that exuberant TRM -cell responses contribute to the development of various chronic respiratory conditions including pulmonary sequelae post-acute viral infections. In this review, we have described the characteristics of respiratory TRM cells and processes underlying their development and maintenance. We have reviewed TRM -cell protective functions against various respiratory pathogens as well as their pathological activities in chronic lung conditions including post-viral pulmonary sequelae. Furthermore, we have discussed potential mechanisms regulating the pathological activity of TRM cells and proposed therapeutic strategies to alleviate TRM -cell-mediated lung immunopathology. We hope that this review provides insights toward the development of future vaccines or interventions that can harness the superior protective abilities of TRM cells, while minimizing the potential for immunopathology, a particularly important topic in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea 17546
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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6
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Cable J, Sun J, Cheon IS, Vaughan AE, Castro IA, Stein SR, López CB, Gostic KM, Openshaw PJM, Ellebedy AH, Wack A, Hutchinson E, Thomas MM, Langlois RA, Lingwood D, Baker SF, Folkins M, Foxman EF, Ward AB, Schwemmle M, Russell AB, Chiu C, Ganti K, Subbarao K, Sheahan TP, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Eddens T. Respiratory viruses: New frontiers-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:60-73. [PMID: 36722473 PMCID: PMC10580159 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are a common cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Viruses like influenza, RSV, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly spread through a population, causing acute infection and, in vulnerable populations, severe or chronic disease. Developing effective treatment and prevention strategies often becomes a race against ever-evolving viruses that develop resistance, leaving therapy efficacy either short-lived or relevant for specific viral strains. On June 29 to July 2, 2022, researchers met for the Keystone symposium "Respiratory Viruses: New Frontiers." Researchers presented new insights into viral biology and virus-host interactions to understand the mechanisms of disease and identify novel treatment and prevention approaches that are effective, durable, and broad.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Italo A Castro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sydney R Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelyn M Gostic
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs; and Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven F Baker
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melanie Folkins
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alistair B Russell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ketaki Ganti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Pediatric Scientist Development Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Zhu B, Wei X, Narasimhan H, Qian W, Zhang R, Cheon IS, Wu Y, Li C, Jones RG, Kaplan MH, Vassallo RA, Braciale TJ, Somerville L, Colca JR, Pandey A, Jackson PEH, Mann BJ, Krawczyk CM, Sturek JM, Sun J. Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier simultaneously mitigates hyperinflammation and hyperglycemia in COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf0348. [PMID: 36821695 PMCID: PMC9972900 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 is bi-directional: while individuals with diabetes and high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) are predisposed to severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause hyperglycemia and exacerbate underlying metabolic syndrome. Therefore, interventions capable of breaking the network of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hyperglycemia, and hyper-inflammation, all factors that drive COVID-19 pathophysiology, are urgently needed. Here, we show that genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) attenuates severe disease following influenza or SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. MPC inhibition using a second-generation insulin sensitizer, MSDC-0602 K (MSDC), dampened pulmonary inflammation and promoted lung recovery, while concurrently reducing blood glucose levels and hyperlipidemia following viral pneumonia in obese mice. Mechanistically, MPC inhibition enhanced mitochondrial fitness and destabilized HIF-1α, leading to dampened virus-induced inflammatory responses in both murine and human lung macrophages. We further showed that MSDC enhanced responses to nirmatrelvir (the antiviral component of Paxlovid) to provide high levels of protection against severe host disease development following SARS-CoV-2 infection and suppressed cellular inflammation in human COVID-19 lung autopsies, demonstrating its translational potential for treating severe COVID-19. Collectively, we uncover a metabolic pathway that simultaneously modulates pulmonary inflammation, tissue recovery, and host metabolic health, presenting a synergistic therapeutic strategy to treat severe COVID-19, particularly in patients with underlying metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Zhu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Harish Narasimhan
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Robert A Vassallo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lindsay Somerville
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Patrick E H Jackson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Barbara J Mann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Connie M Krawczyk
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Sturek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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8
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Canderan G, Muehling L, Kadl A, Sturek J, Bonham C, Murphy D, Barone S, Cross C, Cheon IS, Sun J, Jonathan irish, Woodfolk J. Discrete T-Cell and Inflammatory Profiles in the Blood Define Pulmonary Phenotypes After COVID-19 Illness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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9
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Tang J, Zeng C, Cox TM, Li C, Son YM, Cheon IS, Wu Y, Behl S, Taylor JJ, Chakraborty R, Johnson AJ, Schiavo DN, Utz JP, Reisenauer JS, Midthun DE, Mullon JJ, Edell ES, Alameh MG, Borish L, Teague WG, Kaplan MH, Weissman D, Kern R, Hu H, Vassallo R, Liu SL, Sun J. Respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA vaccination. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eadd4853. [PMID: 35857583 PMCID: PMC9348751 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces robust humoral and cellular immunity in the circulation; however, it is currently unknown whether it elicits effective immune responses in the respiratory tract, particularly against variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron. We compared the SARS-CoV-2 S-specific total and neutralizing antibody responses, and B and T cell immunity, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and blood of COVID-19-vaccinated individuals and hospitalized patients. Vaccinated individuals had significantly lower levels of neutralizing antibody against D614G, Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron BA.1.1 in the BAL compared with COVID-19 convalescents despite robust S-specific antibody responses in the blood. Furthermore, mRNA vaccination induced circulating S-specific B and T cell immunity, but in contrast to COVID-19 convalescents, these responses were absent in the BAL of vaccinated individuals. Using a mouse immunization model, we demonstrated that systemic mRNA vaccination alone induced weak respiratory mucosal neutralizing antibody responses, especially against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1.1 in mice; however, a combination of systemic mRNA vaccination plus mucosal adenovirus-S immunization induced strong neutralizing antibody responses not only against the ancestral virus but also the Omicron BA.1.1 variant. Together, our study supports the contention that the current COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective against severe disease development, likely through recruiting circulating B and T cell responses during reinfection, but offer limited protection against breakthrough infection, especially by the Omicron sublineage. Hence, mucosal booster vaccination is needed to establish robust sterilizing immunity in the respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2, including infection by the Omicron sublineage and future VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Tang
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Cong Zeng
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Thomas M. Cox
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Chaofan Li
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Young Min Son
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea 17546
| | - In Su Cheon
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Supriya Behl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Justin J. Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | | | - Dante N. Schiavo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - James P. Utz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Janani S. Reisenauer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - David E. Midthun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - John J. Mullon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Eric S. Edell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Mohamad G. Alameh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Larry Borish
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
| | - William G. Teague
- Child Health Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA 46074
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Ryan Kern
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA 77555
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22908
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 55905
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10
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Tang J, Zeng C, Cox TM, Li C, Son YM, Cheon IS, Behl S, Justin TJ, Chakaraborty R, Johnson AJ, Shiavo DN, Utz JP, Reisenauer JS, Midthun DE, Mullon JJ, Edell ES, Vassallo RS, Kern R, Liu SL, Sun J. Respiratory humoral and cellular immune responses following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.65.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vaccination is the key for controlling COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated to induce robust and persistent humoral and cellular immunity in the circulation, but the vaccine-induced immune responses in the respiratory tract remain largely elusive. Here, we examined SARS-CoV-2 S-specific antibody, B and T cell immune responses in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and blood from unvaccinated, COVID-19 vaccinees or COVID-19 convalescents that recovered from prior moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that mRNA vaccination induced significant SARS-CoV-2 S-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in the blood but not in the BAL. Similarly, mRNA vaccination failed to provoke detectable SARS-CoV-2 S RBD-specific B cell responses in the BAL despite marked RBD-specific B cells were observed in the blood of COVID-19 vaccinees. In contrast, robust SARS-CoV-2 S-specific B and T cell responses were present in the BAL of COVID-19 convalescents. Furthermore, significant neutralizing antibody responses were only observed in the BAL from convalescents but not vaccinees, while both COVID-19 vaccinee and convalescent groups mounted marked neutralizing antibody responses in the blood. Thus, despite their induction of robust circulating humoral and cellular immunity, the current COVID-19 vaccines provoke relatively weak cellular and neutralizing antibody responses in the lower respiratory tract. Our results indicate that a mucosal booster vaccine may be needed to establish robust immunity in the respiratory mucosa, which could provide a strong first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Tang
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clin
- 2Carter Immunology Center, Mayo Clin
- 3Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Mayo Clin
| | - Cong Zeng
- 4Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State Univ
- 5Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State Univ
| | - Thomas M Cox
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clin
| | - Chaofan Li
- 6Carter Immunology Center, Univ. of Virginia
- 7Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Univ. of Virginia
| | - Young Min Son
- 6Carter Immunology Center, Univ. of Virginia
- 7Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Univ. of Virginia
| | - In Su Cheon
- 6Carter Immunology Center, Univ. of Virginia
- 7Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Univ. of Virginia
| | - Supriya Behl
- 8Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clin
| | - Taylor J Justin
- 9Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Res. Ctr
| | | | | | | | - James P Utz
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clin
| | | | | | - John J Mullon
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clin
| | - Eric S Edell
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clin
| | | | - Ryan Kern
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clin
| | - Shan-lu Liu
- 4Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State Univ
- 5Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State Univ
| | - Jie Sun
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clin
- 2Carter Immunology Center, Mayo Clin
- 3Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Mayo Clin
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11
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Narasimhan H, Goplen NP, Cheon IS, Sun J. Resident CD8+ T-cells drive dysplastic repair of aged lungs following viral pneumonia. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.182.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Global studies have established age as the most critical risk factor in determining morbidity and mortality following respiratory viral infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV2. Previous studies from our group identified non-resolving inflammation in aged lungs post influenza infection, primarily driven by the persistence of tissue resident memory (Trm) CD8 T-cells. We also observed sustained impaired lung function in aged COVID19 convalescents, which negatively correlated with levels of pulmonary CD8 Trm cells. While critical for acute antiviral responses, we have demonstrated that this population is pathologic rather than protective following viral clearance during aging, evidenced by improved outcomes upon its depletion.
Upon severe lung damage during viral infection, epithelial progenitor cells characterized by cytokeratin 5 (Krt5) expression are mobilized for repair. However, these cells are known to be incapable of differentiating into functional ATI and ATII cells, instead persisting as dysplastic epithelial scars, a process known to be exacerbated with age. Thus, in addition to mortality during acute infection, aged individuals also experience adverse long-term outcomes due to dysfunctional repair of the lung.
We identified that Krt5 cysts typically associate with CD8 Trm cells, suggesting potential immune-epithelial crosstalk. Furthermore, upon depletion of pulmonary CD8 Trm cells, we observed a reduction in Krt5 cysts, increased ATI and ATII levels, and improved lung function. Hence, we hypothesize that the interactions between CD8 Trm cells and Krt5 cysts are responsible for sub-optimal repair and aim to manipulate this crosstalk to promote functional repair of the aged lung following viral pneumonia.
Supported by grants from NIH - AI147394, AG047156, and AG069264 and Mayo Clinic CBD Research Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Narasimhan
- 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Disease, Univ. of Virginia
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12
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Cheon IS, Li C, Son YM, Goplen NP, Wu Y, Cassmann T, Wang Z, Wei X, Tang J, Li Y, Marlow H, Hughes S, Hammel L, Cox TM, Goddery E, Ayasoufi K, Weiskopf D, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Dong H, Li H, Chakraborty R, Johnson AJ, Edell E, Taylor JJ, Kaplan MH, Sette A, Bartholmai BJ, Kern R, Vassallo R, Sun J. Immune signatures underlying post-acute COVID-19 lung sequelae. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabk1741. [PMID: 34591653 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abk1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - C Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Y M Son
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - N P Goplen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Y Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - T Cassmann
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - X Wei
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J Tang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Y Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - H Marlow
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - S Hughes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - L Hammel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - T M Cox
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - E Goddery
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - K Ayasoufi
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - D Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - H Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - H Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - A J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - E Edell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - M H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - A Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - B J Bartholmai
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 5590, USA
| | - R Kern
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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13
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Zhu B, Wu Y, Huang S, Zhang R, Son YM, Li C, Cheon IS, Gao X, Wang M, Chen Y, Zhou X, Nguyen Q, Phan AT, Behl S, Taketo MM, Mack M, Shapiro VS, Zeng H, Ebihara H, Mullon JJ, Edell ES, Reisenauer JS, Demirel N, Kern RM, Chakraborty R, Cui W, Kaplan MH, Zhou X, Goldrath AW, Sun J. Uncoupling of macrophage inflammation from self-renewal modulates host recovery from respiratory viral infection. Immunity 2021; 54:1200-1218.e9. [PMID: 33951416 PMCID: PMC8192557 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue macrophages self-renew during homeostasis and produce inflammatory mediators upon microbial infection. We examined the relationship between proliferative and inflammatory properties of tissue macrophages by defining the impact of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a central regulator of self-renewal, in alveolar macrophages (AMs). Activation of β-catenin by Wnt ligand inhibited AM proliferation and stemness, but promoted inflammatory activity. In a murine influenza viral pneumonia model, β-catenin-mediated AM inflammatory activity promoted acute host morbidity; in contrast, AM proliferation enabled repopulation of reparative AMs and tissue recovery following viral clearance. Mechanistically, Wnt treatment promoted β-catenin-HIF-1α interaction and glycolysis-dependent inflammation while suppressing mitochondrial metabolism and thereby, AM proliferation. Differential HIF-1α activities distinguished proliferative and inflammatory AMs in vivo. This β-catenin-HIF-1α axis was conserved in human AMs and enhanced HIF-1α expression associated with macrophage inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Thus, inflammatory and reparative activities of lung macrophages are regulated by β-catenin-HIF-1α signaling, with implications for the treatment of severe respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Su Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaochen Gao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA
| | - Xian Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anthony T Phan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Supriya Behl
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Virginia S Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - John J Mullon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eric S Edell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Janani S Reisenauer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nadir Demirel
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ryan M Kern
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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14
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Goplen NP, Cheon IS, Sun J. Age-Related Dynamics of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells in the Age of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636118. [PMID: 33854506 PMCID: PMC8039372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following respiratory viral infections or local immunizations, lung resident-memory T cells (TRM) of the CD8 lineage provide protection against the same pathogen or related pathogens with cross-reactive T cell epitopes. Yet, it is now clear that, if homeostatic controls are lost following viral pneumonia, CD8 TRM cells can mediate pulmonary pathology. We recently showed that the aging process can result in loss of homeostatic controls on CD8 TRM cells in the respiratory tract. This may be germane to treatment modalities in both influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, particularly, the portion that present with symptoms linked to long-lasting lung dysfunction. Here, we review the developmental cues and functionalities of CD8 TRM cells in viral pneumonia models with a particular focus on their capacity to mediate heterogeneous responses of immunity and pathology depending on immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P Goplen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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15
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Son YM, Cheon IS, Wu Y, Li C, Wang Z, Gao X, Chen Y, Takahashi Y, Fu YX, Dent AL, Kaplan MH, Taylor JJ, Cui W, Sun J. Tissue-resident CD4 + T helper cells assist the development of protective respiratory B and CD8 + T cell memory responses. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/55/eabb6852. [PMID: 33419791 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb6852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Much remains unknown about the roles of CD4+ T helper cells in shaping localized memory B cell and CD8+ T cell immunity in the mucosal tissues. Here, we report that lung T helper cells provide local assistance for the optimal development of tissue-resident memory B and CD8+ T cells after the resolution of primary influenza virus infection. We have identified a population of T cells in the lung that exhibit characteristics of both follicular T helper and TRM cells, and we have termed these cells as resident helper T (TRH) cells. Optimal TRH cell formation was dependent on transcription factors involved in T follicular helper and resident memory T cell development including BCL6 and Bhlhe40. We show that TRH cells deliver local help to CD8+ T cells through IL-21-dependent mechanisms. Our data have uncovered the presence of a tissue-resident helper T cell population in the lung that plays a critical role in promoting the development of protective B cell and CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Son
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaochen Gao
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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16
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Goplen NP, Wu Y, Son YM, Li C, Wang Z, Cheon IS, Jiang L, Zhu B, Ayasoufi K, Chini EN, Johnson AJ, Vassallo R, Limper AH, Zhang N, Sun J. Tissue-resident CD8 + T cells drive age-associated chronic lung sequelae after viral pneumonia. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/53/eabc4557. [PMID: 33158975 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lower respiratory viral infections, such as influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections, often cause severe viral pneumonia in aged individuals. Here, we report that influenza viral pneumonia leads to chronic nonresolving lung pathology and exacerbated accumulation of CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in the respiratory tract of aged hosts. TRM cell accumulation relies on elevated TGF-β present in aged tissues. Further, we show that TRM cells isolated from aged lungs lack a subpopulation characterized by expression of molecules involved in TCR signaling and effector function. Consequently, TRM cells from aged lungs were insufficient to provide heterologous protective immunity. The depletion of CD8+ TRM cells dampens persistent chronic lung inflammation and ameliorates tissue fibrosis in aged, but not young, animals. Collectively, our data demonstrate that age-associated TRM cell malfunction supports chronic lung inflammatory and fibrotic sequelae after viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P Goplen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bibo Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Eduardo N Chini
- The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew H Limper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Long School of Medicine, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,The Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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17
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Park SM, Gu MJ, Ju YJ, Cheon IS, Hwang KJ, Gill B, Shim BS, Jeong HJ, Son YM, Choi S, Jeung W, Han SH, Chu H, Yun CH. Intranasal Vaccination with Outer-Membrane Protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi induces Protective Immunity Against Scrub Typhus. Immune Netw 2020; 21:e14. [PMID: 33996170 PMCID: PMC8099613 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus develops after the individual is bitten by a trombiculid mite infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi. Since it has been reported that pneumonia is frequently observed in patients with scrub typhus, we investigated whether intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with the outer membrane protein of O. tsutsugamushi (OMPOT) would induce a protective immunity against O. tsutsugamushi infection. It was particular interest that when mice were infected with O. tsutsugamushi, the bacteria disseminated into the lungs, causing pneumonia. The i.n. vaccination with OMPOT induced IgG responses in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The anti-O. tsutsugamushi IgA Abs in BAL fluid after the vaccination showed a high correlation of the protection against O. tsutsugamushi. The vaccination induced strong Ag-specific Th1 and Th17 responses in the both spleen and lungs. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that i.n. vaccination with OMPOT elicited protective immunity against scrub typhus in mouse with O. tsutsugamushi infection causing subsequent pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Moo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Gu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - In Su Cheon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyu-Jam Hwang
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Byoungchul Gill
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hang-Jin Jeong
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Woonhee Jeung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyuk Chu
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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18
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Wang Z, Wang S, Goplen NP, Li C, Cheon IS, Dai Q, Huang S, Shan J, Ma C, Ye Z, Xiang M, Limper AH, Porquera EC, Kohlmeier JE, Kaplan MH, Zhang N, Johnson AJ, Vassallo R, Sun J. PD-1 hi CD8 + resident memory T cells balance immunity and fibrotic sequelae. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/36/eaaw1217. [PMID: 31201259 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide frontline immunity in mucosal tissues. The mechanisms regulating CD8+ TRM maintenance, heterogeneity, and protective and pathological functions are largely elusive. Here, we identify a population of CD8+ TRM cells that is maintained by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) signaling, and CD80 and CD86 costimulation after acute influenza infection. These TRM cells have both exhausted-like phenotypes and memory features and provide heterologous immunity against secondary infection. PD-L1 blockade after the resolution of primary infection promotes the rejuvenation of these exhausted-like TRM cells, restoring protective immunity at the cost of promoting postinfection inflammatory and fibrotic sequelae. Thus, PD-1 serves to limit the pathogenic capacity of exhausted-like TRM cells at the memory phase. Our data indicate that TRM cell exhaustion is the result of a tissue-specific cellular adaptation that balances fibrotic sequelae with protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nick P Goplen
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qigang Dai
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Su Huang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min Xiang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew H Limper
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eva-Carmona Porquera
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- HB Wells Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Cheon IS, Son Y, Sun J. An animal model of enhanced disease development following respiratory viral infection in children with chronic lung diseases. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.93.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Infants born prematurely often develop chronic lung diseases including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is associated with greatly increased host susceptibility and severe disease development following respiratory viral infection. To this end, we have recently established a neonatal hyperoxia model respiratory viral infection in hosts with lung prematurity and BPD. Using this model, we observed that mice exposed with neonatal hyperoxia (80% oxygen, BPD hosts) developed enhanced diseases following influenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection compared to those of influenza or RSV-infected control mice. We showed that neonatal hyperoxia leaded to modestly enhanced viral replication in the respiratory tract. Using nanostring immune gene profiling and multiplex cytokine analysis, we found that neonatal hyperoxia markedly enhanced immune-associated gene expression and the production of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airway compared to those of control mice. Neonatal hyperoxia also increased the accumulation of multiple inflammatory innate cell types that were shown to be pathogenic during respiratory viral infections. Importantly, antiviral T, B cells and NK cells were similar in the lungs between infected neonatal hyperoxia-exposed and control mice, which are consistent with the similar viral clearance kinetics in those mice. Thus, we have successfully established a clinically-relevant mouse model of respiratory viral infection in BPD hosts. We expect to further uncover novel insights on the viral pathogenesis and host disease devlopment in this novel model of respiratory viral infection in hosts with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Sun
- 2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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20
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Zhu B, Wu Y, Huang S, Zhang R, Li C, Cheon IS, Wang M, Zhou X, Nguyen Q, Zeng H, Taketo MM, Mack M, Shapiro V, Zhou X, Goldrath A, Kaplan MH, Sun J. WNT/β-catenin directed metabolic choice uncouples lung-resident alveolar macrophage inflammatory activity from self-renewal. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.69.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Fetal-derived tissue-resident macrophages exhibit stem cell-like features of self-renewal in adulthood to maintain macrophage population during homeostasis and/or various insults. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms modulating proliferative and inflammatory fate decisions of tissue-resident macrophages in vivo. Here, we show that WNT-β-catenin signaling inhibited lung-resident alveolar macrophage (AM) self-renewal, while simultaneously promoted AM inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo during influenza virus infection. Mechanistically, WNT engagement facilitated the binding of β-catenin with HIF-1α over its conventional binding partner TCF-4. Such a binding choice led to the elevated macrophage inflammation in a glycolysis-dependent manner, while inhibited AM self-renewal by causing mitochondrial damage and impairing oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, AM self-renewal and inflammatory activity are uncoupled by WNT-β-catenin signaling through HIF-1α-mediated cellular metabolic choice. Importantly, we showed that AM with high HIF-1α activity had limited proliferative capacity and produced inflammatory cytokines, while AM with low HIF-1α activity were highly proliferative and expressed genes associated with tissue repair function in vivo during influenza virus infection. In accordance, we demonstrated that AM proliferation and repopulation were needed for optimal lung repair following the clearance of influenza virus in the respiratory tract. Our results have revealed key mechanisms modulating macrophage fate choice between progeny production versus inflammatory effector activity, and subsequent effects on tissue inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Wu
- 2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Ruixuan Zhang
- 2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Zhou
- 6Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Jie Sun
- 2Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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21
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Son YM, Cheon IS, Goplen NP, Dent AL, Sun J. Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturases suppresses follicular help T- and germinal center B- cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1067-1077. [PMID: 32133634 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCD) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). As such, SCD play important roles in maintaining the intracellular balance between saturated fatty acid (SFAs) and MUFAs. The roles of SCD in CD4+ T-helper cell responses are currently unexplored. Here, we have found that murine and human follicular helper T (TFH ) cells express higher levels of SCD compared to non-TFH cells. Further, the expression of SCD in TFH cells is dependent on the TFH lineage-specification transcription factor BCL6. We found that the inhibition of SCD impaired TFH cell maintenance and shifted the balance between TFH and follicular regulatory T (TFR ) cells in the spleen. Consequently, SCD inhibition dampened germinal center B-cell responses following influenza immunization. Mechanistically, we found that SCD inhibition led to increased ER stress and enhanced TFH cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These results reveal a possible link between fatty acid metabolism and cellular and humoral responses induced by immunization or potentially, autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Son
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nick P Goplen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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22
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Goplen NP, Huang S, Zhu B, Cheon IS, Son YM, Wang Z, Li C, Dai Q, Jiang L, Sun J. Tissue-Resident Macrophages Limit Pulmonary CD8 Resident Memory T Cell Establishment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2332. [PMID: 31681267 PMCID: PMC6797929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) serve as potent local sentinels and contribute significantly to protective immunity against intracellular mucosal pathogens. While the molecular and transcriptional underpinnings of TRM differentiation are emerging, how TRM establishment is regulated by other leukocytes in vivo is largely unclear. Here, we observed that expression of PPAR-γ in the myeloid compartment was a negative regulator of CD8 TRM establishment following influenza virus infection. Interestingly, myeloid deficiency of PPAR-γ resulted in selective impairment of the tissue-resident alveolar macrophage (AM) compartment during primary influenza infection, suggesting that AM are likely negative regulators of CD8 TRM differentiation. Indeed, influenza-specific CD8 TRM cell numbers were increased following early, but not late ablation of AM using the CD169-DTR model. Importantly, these findings were specific to the parenchyma of infected tissue as circulating memory T cell frequencies in lung and TCM and TEM in spleen were largely unaltered following macrophage ablation. Further, the magnitude of the effector response could not explain these observations. These data indicate local regulation of pulmonary TRM differentiation is alveolar macrophage dependent. These, findings could aid in vaccine design aimed at increasing TRM density to enhance protective immunity, or deflating their numbers in conditions where they cause overt or veiled chronic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P Goplen
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Su Huang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bibo Zhu
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - In Su Cheon
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Young Min Son
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zheng Wang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chaofan Li
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Qigang Dai
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Li Jiang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jie Sun
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
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23
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Huang S, Goplen NP, Zhu B, Cheon IS, Son Y, Wang Z, Li C, Dai Q, Jiang L, Xiang M, Carmona EM, Vassallo R, Limper AH, Sun J. Macrophage PPAR-γ suppresses long-term lung fibrotic sequelae following acute influenza infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223430. [PMID: 31584978 PMCID: PMC6777801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus causes a heterogeneous respiratory infectious disease ranging from self-limiting symptoms to non-resolving pathology in the lungs. Worldwide, seasonal influenza infections claim ~500,000 lives annually. Recent reports describe pathologic pulmonary sequelae that result in remodeling the architecture of lung parenchyma following respiratory infections. These dysfunctional recovery processes that disproportionately impact the elderly have been understudied. Macrophages are involved in tissue remodeling and are critical for survival of severe influenza infection. Here, we found intrinsic deficiency of the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ in myeloid cells delayed the resolution of pulmonary inflammation following influenza infection. Mice with myeloid cell-specific PPAR-γ deficiency subsequently presented with increased influenza-induced deposition of pulmonary collagen compared to control mice. This dysfunctional lung remodeling was progressive and sustained for at least 3 months following infection of mice with myeloid PPAR-γ deficiency. These progressive changes were accompanied by a pro-fibrotic gene signature from lung macrophages and preceded by deficiencies in activation of genes involved with damage repair. Importantly similar aberrant gene expression patterns were also found in a secondary analysis of a study where macrophages were isolated from patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Quite unexpectedly, mice with PPAR-γ deficient macrophages were more resistant to bleomycin-induced weight loss whereas extracellular matrix deposition was unaffected compared to controls. Therefore PPAR-γ expression in macrophages may be a pathogen-specific limiter of organ recovery rather than a ubiquitous effector pathway in response to generic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Huang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nick P. Goplen
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bibo Zhu
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - In Su Cheon
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Youngmin Son
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chaofan Li
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Qigang Dai
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Li Jiang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Min Xiang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eva M. Carmona
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Limper
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jie Sun
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Huang S, Jiang L, Cheon IS, Sun J. Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Decreases Host Mortality After Influenza Infection in Obese Mice. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:161-169. [PMID: 31009317 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an independent risk factor for severe influenza infection. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. In this study, we have utilized a murine influenza infection model in genetic-induced obese (db/db) mice to explore the mechanisms by which obesity increases host susceptibility to influenza infection. We find that db/db mice have enhanced viral replication, exaggerated inflammatory responses, and dysregulated lung repair process after influenza infection, and consequently increased host mortality. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), an important inflammation regulator, was downregulated in the lung macrophages of db/db mice after influenza infection. Strikingly, the treatment of 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a PPAR-γ agonist, largely rescued the survival of db/db mice after influenza infection. Interestingly, macrophage PPAR-γ-deficient mice exhibited enhanced mortality after influenza infection and 15d-PGJ2 fails to rescue host mortality in macrophage PPAR-γ-deficient mice, suggesting that PPAR-γ expression in macrophages is critical for the action of 15d-PGJ2. These data indicate that obesity attenuates lung antiviral immunity and hampers host recovery through the modulation of macrophage PPAR-γ expression. Furthermore, modalities targeting macrophage PPAR-γ expression and/or function may serve as promising therapeutics to treat severe influenza infection in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Huang
- 1 Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Pediatric Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Li Jiang
- 1 Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Pediatric Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - In Su Cheon
- 1 Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Pediatric Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jie Sun
- 1 Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,2 Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,3 Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Pediatric Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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25
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Cheon IS, Kim JY, Choi Y, Shim BS, Choi JA, Jung DI, Kim JO, Braciale TJ, Youn H, Song MK, Chang J. Sublingual Immunization With an RSV G Glycoprotein Fragment Primes IL-17-Mediated Immunopathology Upon Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:567. [PMID: 30984173 PMCID: PMC6447673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of serious respiratory tract disease but there is no licensed RSV vaccine. Immunopathological mechanisms have long been suspected as operating in the development of severe RSV disease and have hampered the development of safe and effective vaccines. Here, we show that unlike intranasal immunization, sublingual immunization with RSV glycoprotein fragment containing the central conserved region (Gcf) primes the host for severe disease upon RSV challenge. This increased pathology does not require replication by the challenge virus and is associated with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells, extensive cell death, and excessive mucus production in the airway and lungs. This exacerbated RSV disease primed by sublingual Gcf immunization is distinct from the immunopathology by G-expressing vaccinia virus or formalin-inactivated RSV, and preceded by prominent IL-17 production. IL-17 deficiency abolished the enhanced disease. Our results suggest a novel mechanism of RSV vaccine-induced immunopathology by IL-17, and highlights the importance of vaccination site.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Choi
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Choi
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Im Jung
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ouk Kim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- The Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research and Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man Ki Song
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Hong JE, Kye YC, Park SM, Cheon IS, Chu H, Park BC, Park YM, Chang J, Cho JH, Song MK, Han SH, Yun CH. Alveolar Macrophages Treated With Bacillus subtilis Spore Protect Mice Infected With Respiratory Syncytial Virus A2. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:447. [PMID: 30930867 PMCID: PMC6423497 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pathogen that infects lower respiratory tract and causes a common respiratory disease. Despite serious pathological consequences with this virus, effective treatments for controlling RSV infection remain unsolved, along with poor innate immune responses induced at the initial stage of RSV infection. Such a poor innate defense mechanism against RSV leads us to study the role of alveolar macrophage (AM) that is one of the primary innate immune cell types in the respiratory tract and may contribute to protective responses against RSV infection. As an effective strategy for enhancing anti-viral function of AM, this study suggests the intranasal administration of Bacillus subtilis spore which induces expansion of AM in the lung with activation and enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines along with several genes associated with M1 macrophage differentiation. Such effect by spore on AM was largely dependent on TLR-MyD88 signaling and, most importantly, resulted in a profound reduction of viral titers and pathological lung injury upon RSV infection. Taken together, our results suggest a protective role of AM in RSV infection and its functional modulation by B. subtilis spore, which may be a useful and potential therapeutic approach against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Chul Kye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Su Cheon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory Science Division, Department of Molecular Vaccinology, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Chu
- Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Park
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Man Ki Song
- Laboratory Science Division, Department of Molecular Vaccinology, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Amet T, Son YM, Jiang L, Cheon IS, Huang S, Gupta SK, Dent AL, Montaner LJ, Yu Q, Sun J. BCL6 represses antiviral resistance in follicular T helper cells. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:527-536. [PMID: 28550121 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a1216-513rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular Th (Tfh) cells are a distinct subset of Th cells that help B cells produce class-switched antibodies. Studies have demonstrated that Tfh cells are highly prone to HIV infection and replication. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unclear. Here, we show that murine and human Tfh cells have diminished constitutive expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) inclusive of antiviral resistance factor MX dynamin-like GTPase 2 (MX2) and IFN-induced transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) compared with non-Tfh cells. A lower antiviral resistance in Tfh was consistent with a higher susceptibility to retroviral infections. Mechanistically, we found that BCL6, a master regulator of Tfh cell development, binds to ISG loci and inhibits the expression of MX2 and IFITM3 in Tfh cells. We demonstrate further that inhibition of the BCL6 BR-C, ttk, and bab (BTB) domain function increases the expression of ISGs and suppresses HIV infection and replication in Tfh cells. Our data reveal a regulatory role of BCL6 in inhibiting antiviral resistance factors in Tfh cells, thereby promoting the susceptibility Tfh cells to viral infections. Our results indicate that the modulation of BCL6 function in Tfh cells could be a potential strategy to enhance Tfh cell resistance to retroviral infections and potentially decrease cellular reservoirs of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohti Amet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Su Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samir K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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28
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Cheon IS, Shim BS, Park SM, Choi Y, Jang JE, Jung DI, Kim JO, Chang J, Yun CH, Song MK. Development of safe and effective RSV vaccine by modified CD4 epitope in G protein core fragment (Gcf). PLoS One 2014; 9:e94269. [PMID: 24736750 PMCID: PMC3988050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide, but currently no safe and effective vaccine is available. The RSV G glycoprotein (RSVG), a major attachment protein, is an important target for the induction of protective immune responses during RSV infection. However, it has been thought that a CD4+ T cell epitope (a.a. 183–195) within RSVG is associated with pathogenic pulmonary eosinophilia. To develop safe and effective RSV vaccine using RSV G protein core fragment (Gcf), several Gcf variants resulting from modification to CD4+ T cell epitope were constructed. Mice were immunized with each variant Gcf, and the levels of RSV-specific serum IgG were measured. At day 4 post-challenge with RSV subtype A or B, lung viral titers and pulmonary eosinophilia were determined and changes in body weight were monitored. With wild type Gcf derived from RSV A2 (wtAGcf), although RSV A subtype-specific immune responses were induced, vaccine-enhanced disease characterized by excessive pulmonary eosinophil recruitment and body weight loss were evident, whereas wtGcf from RSV B1 (wtBGcf) induced RSV B subtype-specific immune responses without the signs of vaccine-enhanced disease. Mice immunized with Th-mGcf, a fusion protein consisting CD4+ T cell epitope from RSV F (F51–66) conjugated to mGcf that contains alanine substitutions at a.a. position 185 and 188, showed higher levels of RSV-specific IgG response than mice immunized with mGcf. Both wtAGcf and Th-mGcf provided complete protection against RSV A2 and partial protection against RSV B. Importantly, mice immunized with Th-mGcf did not develop vaccine-enhanced disease following RSV challenge. Immunization of Th-mGcf provided protection against RSV infection without the symptom of vaccine-enhanced disease. Our study provides a novel strategy to develop a safe and effective mucosal RSV vaccine by manipulating the CD4+ T cell epitope within RSV G protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Biomodulation Major and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Biomodulation Major and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Choi
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jang
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Im Jung
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ouk Kim
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- World Class University Biomodulation Major and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MS); (CHY)
| | - Man Ki Song
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MS); (CHY)
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29
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Chu H, Park SM, Cheon IS, Park MY, Shim BS, Gil BC, Jeung WH, Hwang KJ, Song KD, Hong KJ, Song M, Jeong HJ, Han SH, Yun CH. Orientia tsutsugamushi infection induces CD4+ T cell activation via human dendritic cell activity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 23:1159-66. [PMID: 23727805 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1303.03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Orientia tsutsugamushi, a gram-negative bacterium, causes severe acute febrile illness in humans. Despite this danger, the route of infection, infectivity, and protective mechanisms of the host's immune response to O. tsutsugamushi are unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the most important cell types in bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we observed that O. tsutsugamushi infects and replicates in monocyte-derived DCs (MODCs). During infection and replication, the expressions of the cytokines IL-12 and TNF-α, as well as the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD83, CD86, and CD40, were increased in MODCs. When O. tsutsugamushi-treated MODCs were co-cultured with autologous CD4(+) T cells, they enhanced production of IFN-γ, a major Th1 cytokine. Collectively, our results show that O. tsutsugamushi can replicate in MODCs and can simultaneously induce MODC maturation and increase proinflammatory cytokine levels in MODCs that subsequently activate CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Chu
- Animal Science and Biotechnology Major and WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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30
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Cheon IS, Park SM, Lee HJ, Hong JE, Ji SY, Shim BS, Kim KH, Heo PS, Kim YY, Jung HJ, Ka H, Han SH, Song M, Yun CH. Functional characteristics of porcine peripheral T cells stimulated with IL-2 or IL-2 and PMA. Res Vet Sci 2013; 96:54-61. [PMID: 24374118 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In human or mouse, mature T cells express either CD4 or CD8, resulting in different functions in the periphery. Interestingly, porcine CD4 and CD8 double positive (DP) T cells are present in the blood, and their proportions change from youth to adulthood. However, the features of these cells in swine are poorly understood. We investigated the fate of porcine peripheral T cells based on their functional characteristics, including proliferation and the expression of CD4 and CD8 co-receptors. The results showed that all the populations changed their CD8 expression in a time-dependent manner and porcine T cells had different proliferative pattern from human T cells. The results further revealed that Th2 cytokines were increased later in porcine T cells compared to human T cells upon stimulation with IL-2+PMA. Collectively, we found that the fate of porcine peripheral T cells is different from that of human T cells, and the changes occur in a time- and stimulation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ji
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Seung Heo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Jung
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology & Immunology, Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Manki Song
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Noh Y, Shim BS, Cheon IS, Rho S, Kim HJ, Choi Y, Kang CY, Chang J, Song MK, Kim JO. Neonatal immunization with respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein fragment induces protective immunity in the presence of maternal antibodies in mice. Viral Immunol 2013; 26:268-76. [PMID: 23869549 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly worldwide. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with this infection underscores the urgent need for development of RSV vaccine. In this study, we first show that intranasal administration of RSV glycoprotein core fragment (Gcf) to neonatal mice can induce systemic humoral immune responses and protective immunity against RSV without causing lung eosinophilia, although antibody response was shifted to a Th2 response. Next, we examined whether the presence of maternal anti-RSV antibodies would affect the responsiveness and protection efficacy of Gcf in newborn mice, since infants can possess RSV-specific maternal antibodies due to frequent RSV re-infections to adults. Intranasal administration of Gcf induced antibody response and increased IFNγ secretion and protected mice against RSV challenge without severe lung eosinophilia, even in the presence of high levels of RSV-specific maternal antibodies. Thus, our findings suggest that Gcf may be an effective and safe RSV vaccine during the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youran Noh
- Laboratory Science Division , International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Shim BS, Choi Y, Cheon IS, Song MK. Sublingual delivery of vaccines for the induction of mucosal immunity. Immune Netw 2013; 13:81-5. [PMID: 23885221 PMCID: PMC3718922 DOI: 10.4110/in.2013.13.3.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to incoming pathogens which can cause infections that result in severe morbidity and/or mortality. Studies have reported that mucosal immunity is important for providing protection against these pathogens and that mucosal vaccination is effective in preventing local infections. For many years, the sublingual mucosa has been targeted to deliver immunotherapy to treat allergic hypersensitivities. However, the potential of vaccine delivery via sublingual mucosal has received little attention until recently. Recent studies exploring such potential have documented the safety and effectiveness of sublingual immunization, demonstrating the ability of sublingual immunization to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against a variety of antigens, including soluble proteins, inter particulate antigens, and live-attenuated viruses. This review will summarize the recent findings that address the promising potential of sublingual immunization in proving protection against various mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 151-919, Korea
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Kim JO, Noh Y, Shim BS, Cheon IS, Rho S, Kim H, Kang CY, Chang J, Song MK. Neonatal immunization with respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein fragment induces protective immunity in the presence of maternal antibodies in mice (P4277). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.123.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly worldwide. The significant morbidity and mortality associated with this infection underscores the urgent need for development of an RSV vaccine. In this study, we first show that intranasal administration of RSV glycoprotein core fragment (Gcf) to neonatal mice can induce systemic humoral immune responses and protective immunity against RSV without causing lung eosinophilia, although antibody response was shifted to a Th2 response. Next, we examined whether the presence of maternal anti-RSV antibodies affects the responsiveness and protection efficacy of Gcf in newborn mice, since infants can have RSV-specific maternal antibodies since adults are frequently reinfected with RSV. Intranasal administration of Gcf induced antibody response and IFNγ secretion and protected mice against RSV challenge without lung eosinophilia even in the presence of high levels of RSV-specific maternal antibodies. Thus, our findings suggest that Gcf may be an effective and safe RSV vaccine during the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ouk Kim
- 1International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youran Noh
- 1International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - In Su Cheon
- 1International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Rho
- 1International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoo Kim
- 1International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- 2College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chang
- 3College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ki Song
- 1International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shim BS, Choi JA, Song HH, Park SM, Cheon IS, Jang JE, Woo SJ, Cho CH, Song MS, Kim H, Song KJ, Lee JM, Kim SW, Song DS, Choi YK, Kim JO, Nguyen HH, Kim DW, Bahk YY, Yun CH, Song MK. Sublingual administration of bacteria-expressed influenza virus hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) induces protection against infection with 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. J Microbiol 2013; 51:130-5. [PMID: 23456722 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-2399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that continue to pose a significantly high risk of morbidity and mortality of humans worldwide. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for minimizing damages by influenza outbreaks. In addition, rapid development and production of efficient vaccine with convenient administration is required in case of influenza pandemic. In this study, we generated recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin protein 1 (sHA1) of 2009 pandemic influenza virus as a vaccine candidate using a well-established bacterial expression system and administered it into mice via sublingual (s.l.) route. We found that s.l. immunization with the recombinant sHA1 plus cholera toxin (CT) induced mucosal antibodies as well as systemic antibodies including neutralizing Abs and provided complete protection against infection with pandemic influenza virus A/CA/04/09 (H1N1) in mice. Indeed, the protection efficacy was comparable with that induced by intramuscular (i.m.) immunization route utilized as general administration route of influenza vaccine. These results suggest that s.l. vaccination with the recombinant non-glycosylated HA1 protein offers an alternative strategy to control influenza outbreaks including pandemics.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Administration, Sublingual
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/analysis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cholera Toxin/administration & dosage
- Cholera Toxin/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Serum/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea
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35
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Kim S, Joo DH, Lee JB, Shim BS, Cheon IS, Jang JE, Song HH, Kim KH, Song MK, Chang J. Dual role of respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein fragment as a mucosal immunogen and chemotactic adjuvant. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32226. [PMID: 22384186 PMCID: PMC3288084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infancy and early childhood. Despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine to prevent RSV infection. The G glycoprotein of RSV, a major attachment protein, is a potentially important target for protective antiviral immune responses and has been shown to exhibit chemotactic activity through CX3C mimicry. Here, we show that sublingual or intranasal immunization of a purified G protein fragment of amino acids from 131 to 230, designated Gcf, induces strong serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses. Interestingly, these antibody responses could be elicited by Gcf even in the absence of any adjuvant, indicating a novel self-adjuvanting property of our vaccine candidate. Gcf exhibited potent chemotactic activity in in vitro cell migration assay and cysteine residues are necessary for chemotactic activity and self-adjuvanticity of Gcf in vivo. Mucosal immunization with Gcf also provides protection against RSV challenge without any significant lung eosinophilia or vaccine-induced weight loss. Together, our data demonstrate that mucosal administration of Gcf vaccine elicits beneficial protective immunity and represents a promising vaccine regimen preventing RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Kim
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Joo
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Boong Lee
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Su Cheon
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jang
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Song
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Ki Song
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (JC); (MKS)
| | - Jun Chang
- Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (JC); (MKS)
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Cho W, Ko EM, Cheon IS, Jeoung DI, Kim YM, Choe J. Platelets Induce Proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via CD154-CD40 Pathway Independently of VEGF. Immune Netw 2008. [DOI: 10.4110/in.2008.8.3.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Ko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - In Su Cheon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Doo-Il Jeoung
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jongseon Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Cheon IS, Woo SS, Kang SS, Im J, Yun CH, Chung DK, Park DK, Han SH. Peptidoglycan-mediated IL-8 expression in human alveolar type II epithelial cells requires lipid raft formation and MAPK activation. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:1665-73. [PMID: 17997161 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major sepsis-causing Gram-positive bacterium, invades pulmonary epithelial cells and causes lung diseases. In the lung, alveolar type II epithelial cells play an important role in innate immunity by secreting chemokines and antimicrobial peptides upon bacterial infection whereas type I cells mainly function in gas-exchange. In this study, we investigated the ability of S. aureus peptidoglycan (PGN) to induce expression of a chemokine, IL-8, in a human alveolar type II epithelial cell line, A549. PGN induces IL-8 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Supplementation of soluble CD14 further enhanced the PGN-induced IL-8 expression. Interestingly, PGN-induced IL-8 expression was inhibited by nystatin, a specific inhibitor for lipid rafts, but not by chlorpromazine, a specific inhibitor for clathrin-coated pits. Furthermore, PGN-induced IL-8 expression was attenuated by inhibitors for MAP kinases such as ERK, p38 kinase, and JNK/SAPK, whereas no inhibitory effect was observed by inhibitors for reactive oxygen species or protein kinase C. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrates that PGN increased the DNA binding of the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kappaB while minimally, NF-IL6, all of which are involved in the transcription of IL-8. Taken together, these results suggest that PGN induces IL-8 expression in a CD14-enhanced manner in human alveolar type II epithelial cells, through the formation of lipid rafts and the activation of MAP kinases, which ultimately leads to activation of AP-1, NF-kappaB, and NF-IL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Su Cheon
- Department of Oral Microbiology & Immunology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
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38
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Ko EM, Lee IY, Cheon IS, Kim J, Choi JS, Hwang JY, Cho JS, Lee DH, Kang D, Kim SH, Choe J. Monoclonal antibody to CD9 inhibits platelet-induced human endothelial cell proliferation. Mol Cells 2006; 22:70-7. [PMID: 16951553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic fragments derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes, and endothelial cells constitute the barrier between bloodstream and adjacent tissues. Although platelets are thought to regulate the biological functions of endothelial cells, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. With human umbilical vein endothelial cells and freshly isolated platelets, we established an in vitro model of platelet-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Platelets stimulated endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and transwell experiments with semi-permeable membranes suggested that direct cell-to-cell contacts were required. We developed mAbs against platelets and selected a mAb that blocks their proliferative effect. We purified the antigen by immunoprecipitation and identified it by Q-TOF MS analysis as the tetraspanin CD9. Since both platelets and endothelial cells expressed CD9 strongly on their surfaces we carried out a pre-treatment experiment that showed that CD9 molecules on the endothelial cells participate in the mitogenic effect of the platelets. The inhibitory effect of our mAb was comparable to that of a well-known functional anti-CD9 mAb. These results suggest that the tetraspanin CD9 plays an important role in endothelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Ko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
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39
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Jeong EJ, Lee IY, Choi JS, Cheon IS, Kang G, Choe J. Fibroblasts enhance the in vitro survival of human memory and naïve B cells by maintaining intracellular levels of glutathione. Mol Cells 2004; 17:430-7. [PMID: 15232217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the mechanism of memory B cell survival, we cultured highly purified subpopulations of tonsillar B cells with tonsillar fibroblasts. The fibroblasts greatly enhanced the survival of memory and naïve B cells but did not delay the rapid apoptosis of germinal center B cells. B cell activation was not observed during the period of culture, as shown by the absence of activation markers and of cycling cells. These findings were reproduced when the B cells were physically separated from the fibroblasts by a semi-permeable transwell-membrane, indicating that the survival factor(s) were diffusible. Several cytokines including IL-6, IL-15, and VEGF were tested for survival activity but none could replace the fibroblasts. However, the addition of reduced glutathione (GSH) to the naïve and memory B cells significantly enhanced their survival, and depletion of GSH resulted in rapid loss of B cell viability. Furthermore, intracellular glutathione levels were maintained when the B cells were co-cultured with fibroblasts. Our results suggest that glutathione plays an important role in the survival of memory and naïve B cells in the presence of stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euh Jun Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, and Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
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Kim J, Cheon IS, Won YJ, Na HJ, Kim YM, Choe J. IL-4 inhibits cell cycle progression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by affecting p53, p21(Waf1), cyclin D1, and cyclin E expression. Mol Cells 2003; 16:92-6. [PMID: 14503851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-4 is emerging as a candidate cytokine for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We have reported that IL-4 has anti-angiogenic activity and inhibits the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Cell cycle analysis of this effect revealed that IL-4 arrests the growth of FGF-2-stimulated HUVEC in G0 + G1 phases. The absence of subdiploid cells showed that it did not induce apoptosis. Growth arrest was dose-dependent, but the percentage of G0 + G1 phase cells never exceeded 85%. An immunoblot analysis demonstrated that expression of p53 and p21(Waf1) was increased and that of cyclin D1 and cyclin E decreased by IL-4. These results show that IL-4 inhibits endothelial cell growth by altering the expression of cell cycle regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkoo Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
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Seo B, Ikeda K, Emoto N, Choi DJ, Hwang JY, Matsuo M, Kim EJ, Cheon IS. Estrogen affects vascular tone differently according to vasoactive substances in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rat. Yonsei Med J 2000; 41:49-55. [PMID: 10731919 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2000.41.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The favorable effects of estrogen on cardiovascular diseases can be explained by several mechanisms such as changes in serum lipid profiles and thrombogenecity. Estrogen also affects the vascular tone, but there has been no report in which the effect of estrogen was tested comprehensively for several vasoactive substances, especially after long-term administration. Two weeks after bilateral ovariectomy in 8-week old female Sprague-Dawley rats, placebo or 17 beta-estradiol (E2) pellets (0.5 mg; released over 3 weeks) were implanted subcutaneously. Two weeks after pellet implantation, organ chamber experiments were performed using aortae. Compared with control, E2-treated vessels showed impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine. E2 enhanced the contraction to norepinephrine and U46619 and had no effect on endothelin-1-induced contraction. In contrast, the contraction to angiotensin (AT)-II was inhibited by E2. Northern blot analysis for AT1 receptor expression using cultured aortic smooth muscle cells showed no difference between control and E2-treated cells, suggesting that AT1 receptor downregulation is not the likely mechanism. These results suggest that E2 affects the vascular tone variably according to vasoactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea.
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