1
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Crabb E, Aggarwal A, Stephens R, Shao-Horn Y, Leverick G, Grossman JC. Electrolyte Dependence of Li + Transport Mechanisms in Small Molecule Solvents from Classical Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3427-3441. [PMID: 38551621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
As demands on Li-ion battery performance increase, the need for electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and a high Li+ transference number (tLi) becomes crucial to boost power density. Unfortunately, tLi in liquid electrolytes is typically <0.5 due to Li+ migrating via a vehicular mechanism, whereby Li+ diffuses along with its solvation shell, making its diffusivity slower than the counteranion. Designing liquid electrolytes where the Li+ ion diffuses independently of its solvation shell is of significant interest to enhance the transference number. In this work, we elucidate how the properties of the solvent influence the Li+ transport mechanism. Using classical molecular dynamics simulations, we find that a vehicular mechanism can be increasingly preferred with a decreasing solvent viscosity and increasing interaction energy between the solvent and Li+. Thus, a weaker interaction energy can enhance tLi through a solvent-exchange mechanism, ultimately improving Li-ion battery performance. Finally, metadynamics simulations show that in electrolytes where a solvent-exchange mechanism is preferable, the energy barrier to changing the coordination environment of Li+ is much lower than in electrolytes where a vehicular mechanism dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Crabb
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Physics Program, Centre College, 600 W Walnut St, Danville, Kentucky 40422, United States
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryan Stephens
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Graham Leverick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Gong S, Yan K, Xie T, Shao-Horn Y, Gomez-Bombarelli R, Ji S, Grossman JC. Examining graph neural networks for crystal structures: Limitations and opportunities for capturing periodicity. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi3245. [PMID: 37948518 PMCID: PMC10637739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently been used to learn the representations of crystal structures through an end-to-end data-driven approach. However, a systematic top-down approach to evaluate and understand the limitations of GNNs in accurately capturing crystal structures has yet to be established. In this study, we introduce an approach using human-designed descriptors as a compendium of human knowledge to investigate the extent to which GNNs can comprehend crystal structures. Our findings reveal that current state-of-the-art GNNs fall short in accurately capturing the periodicity of crystal structures. We analyze this failure by exploring three aspects: local expressive power, long-range information processing, and readout function. To address these identified limitations, we propose a straightforward and general solution: the hybridization of descriptors with GNNs, which directly supplements the missing information to GNNs. The hybridization enhances the predictive accuracy of GNNs for specific material properties, most notably phonon internal energy and heat capacity, which heavily rely on the periodicity of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Keqiang Yan
- Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tian Xie
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rafael Gomez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuiwang Ji
- Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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3
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Jana A, Kearney LT, Naskar AK, Grossman JC, Ferralis N. Effect of Methyl Groups on Formation of Ordered or Layered Graphitic Materials from Aromatic Molecules. Small 2023; 19:e2302985. [PMID: 37357175 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing functionally complex carbon materials from small aromatic molecules requires an understanding of how the chemistry and structure of its constituent molecules evolve and crosslink, to achieve a tailorable set of functional properties. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to isolate the effect of methyl groups on condensation reactions during the oxidative process and evaluate the impact on elastic modulus by considering three monodisperse pyrene-based systems with increasing methyl group fraction. A parameter to quantify the reaction progression is designed by computing the number of new covalent bonds formed. Utilizing the previously developed MD framework, it is found that increasing methylation leads to an almost doubling of bond formation, a larger fraction of the new bonds oriented in the direction of tensile stress, and a higher basal plane alignment of the precursor molecules along the direction of tensile stress, resulting in enhanced tensile modulus. Additionally, via experiments, it is demonstrated that precursors with a higher fraction of methyl groups result in a higher alignment of molecules. Moreover, increased methylation results in the lower spread of single molecule alignment which may lead to smaller variations in tensile modulus and more consistent properties in carbon materials derived from methyl-rich precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Jana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Logan T Kearney
- Carbon and Composites Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Amit K Naskar
- Carbon and Composites Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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4
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Patil JJ, Lu Z, Zachman MJ, Chen N, Reeves KS, Jana A, Revia G, MacDonald B, Keller BD, Lara-Curzio E, Grossman JC, Ferralis N. Chemical and Physical Drivers for Improvement in Permeance and Stability of Linker-Free Graphene Oxide Membranes. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37399449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising membrane material for chemical separations, including water treatment. However, GO has often required postsynthesis chemical modifications, such as linkers or intercalants, to improve either the permeability, performance, or mechanical integrity of GO membranes. In this work, we explore two different feedstocks of GO to investigate chemical and physical differences, where we observe up to a 100× discrepancy in the permeability-mass loading trade-off while maintaining nanofiltration capacity. GO membranes also show structural stability and chemical resilience to harsh pH conditions and bleach treatment. We probe GO and the resulting assembled membranes through a variety of characterization approaches, including a novel scanning-transmission-electron-microscopy-based visualization approach, to connect differences in sheet stacking and oxide functional groups to significant improvements in permeability and chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J Zachman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Ningxin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly S Reeves
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Asmita Jana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Griselda Revia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon MacDonald
- Via Separations Inc, 165 Dexter Ave, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Brent D Keller
- Via Separations Inc, 165 Dexter Ave, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Edgar Lara-Curzio
- Energy Science & Technology Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Via Separations Inc, 165 Dexter Ave, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Nam TW, Grossman JC. Ultrafine Filteration of Metal Catalysts Enables Fabrication of Silicon Nanowires with Diameter Approaching a Unit Cell Size. Nano Lett 2023; 23:2347-2353. [PMID: 36893439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced functionalities of silicon nanowires are size-dependent and downscaling of the nanostructure often leads to higher device performances. Single-crystal silicon nanowires with diameters approaching a single unit cell are fabricated using membrane-filtrated catalyst assisted chemical etching. Atomically filtrated gold is used as uniform pattern to direct anisotropic etching of dense silicon nanowire arrays. The size of the nanowires can be controlled by engineering the molecular weight of Poly(methyl methacrylate) used to fabricate the polymer globule membranes. The smallest silicon nanowires with 0.9 nm diameters exhibit direct, and wide band gap of 3.55 eV and establishes a new record. The experimentally obtained silicon nanowires in this size fill the valuable gap below the few-nanometer regime where to date only theoretical predictions have been available. This fabrication approach could provide facile access to atomic-scale silicon, which can bring further advancement to next generation nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Patil JJ, Wan CTC, Gong S, Chiang YM, Brushett FR, Grossman JC. Bayesian-Optimization-Assisted Laser Reduction of Poly(acrylonitrile) for Electrochemical Applications. ACS Nano 2023; 17:4999-5013. [PMID: 36812031 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser reduction of polymers has recently been explored to rapidly and inexpensively synthesize high-quality graphitic and carbonaceous materials. However, in past work, laser-induced graphene has been restricted to semiaromatic polymers and graphene oxide; in particular, poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) is claimed to be a polymer that cannot be laser-reduced successfully to form electrochemically active material. In this work, three strategies to surmount this barrier are employed: (1) thermal stabilization of PAN to increase its sp2 content for improved laser processability, (2) prelaser treatment microstructuring to reduce the effects of thermal stresses, and (3) Bayesian optimization to search the parameter space of laser processing to improve performance and discover morphologies. Based on these approaches, we successfully synthesize laser-reduced PAN with a low sheet resistance (6.5 Ω sq-1) in a single lasing step. The resulting materials are tested electrochemically, and their applicability as membrane electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries is demonstrated. This work demonstrates electrodes that are processed in air, below 300 °C, which are cycled stably over 2 weeks at 40 mA cm-2, motivating further development of laser reduction of porous polymers for membrane electrode applications such as RFBs.
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7
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Gong S, Wang S, Xie T, Chae WH, Liu R, Shao-Horn Y, Grossman JC. Calibrating DFT Formation Enthalpy Calculations by Multifidelity Machine Learning. JACS Au 2022; 2:1964-1977. [PMID: 36186569 PMCID: PMC9516701 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The application of machine learning to predict materials properties measured by experiments are valuable yet difficult due to the limited amount of experimental data. In this work, we use a multifidelity random forest model to learn the experimental formation enthalpy of materials with prediction accuracy higher than the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional with linear correction, PBEsol, and meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA) functionals (SCAN and r2SCAN), and it outperforms the hotly studied deep neural network-based representation learning and transfer learning. We then use the model to calibrate the DFT formation enthalpy in the Materials Project database and discover materials with underestimated stability. The multifidelity model is also used as a data-mining approach to find how DFT deviates from experiments by explaining the model output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Tian Xie
- Computer
Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Woo Hyun Chae
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Runze Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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8
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Chae WH, Patil JJ, Grossman JC. Conformal Encapsulation of Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes by Nanosized Reduced Graphene Oxide Leading to Improved All-Round Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:34997-35009. [PMID: 35861058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are promising as next-generation transparent conductive electrodes due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, mechanical flexibility, as well as low material and processing costs. However, AgNWs are prone to thermally induced fragmentation and chemical degradation, necessitating a conformal protective coating typically achieved by low-throughput methods such as sputtering or atomic layer deposition. Herein, we report a facile all-solution-based approach to synthesize a conformally coated AgNW network by nanosized reduced graphene oxide R(nGO). In this method, probe ultrasonication is used to obtain nanosized GO, which is coated on AgNWs by a layer-by-layer approach and then chemically treated to form R(nGO)/AgNW. We show that our transparent electrode has excellent transmittance (85-92%) and sheet resistance (17.5 Ω/sq), combined with outstanding thermal and electrothermal stability, thanks to the conformal nature of the R(nGO) film, and demonstrate its use as a transparent heater with a high maximum temperature. This, in conjunction with improved long-term chemical and mechanical bending stability of R(nGO)/AgNW, indicates that our newly developed process represents an effective and low-cost strategy to improve the overall operational resilience of metal nanowire-based transparent conductive electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyun Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Abstract
With countless modern technologies utilizing wireless communication, materials that can selectively allow transmission of visible light and prevent transmission of low frequency GHz electromagnetic interference (EMI) are needed. Recently, 2D materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and MXenes have shown promise for such applications. Despite the rapid advances, little progress has been made in identifying 2D monolayers with intrinsically higher visible transmittance (Tvis) and shielding effectiveness (SE). With endless variations in structure and composition, the 2D materials space is too large for systematic experimental investigation. To tackle this challenge, we perform a high-throughput computational screening. Using an atomistic first-principles method, we simultaneously calculate Tvis and SE of 7000 2D monolayer materials. We identify 26 monolayer materials with excellent properties of >98% Tvis and >5 dB SE (∼70% EMI attenuation). The top candidate, an AgSe2 monolayer with predicted 98.53% Tvis and 12.53 dB SE (∼94% EMI attenuation), is a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art, graphene, with 96.7% Tvis and 3.04 dB SE (∼40% EMI attenuation). Additionally, we gain physical insights into the transparent EMI shielding performance of 2D monolayers and their electronic structure, elucidating the role of surface terminations and nearly free electron states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon C Yost
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adam L Friedman
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, 8050 Greenmead Dr., College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Aubrey T Hanbicki
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, 8050 Greenmead Dr., College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Xie T, France-Lanord A, Wang Y, Lopez J, Stolberg MA, Hill M, Leverick GM, Gomez-Bombarelli R, Johnson JA, Shao-Horn Y, Grossman JC. Accelerating amorphous polymer electrolyte screening by learning to reduce errors in molecular dynamics simulated properties. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3415. [PMID: 35701416 PMCID: PMC9197847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrolytes are promising candidates for the next generation lithium-ion battery technology. Large scale screening of polymer electrolytes is hindered by the significant cost of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in amorphous systems: the amorphous structure of polymers requires multiple, repeated sampling to reduce noise and the slow relaxation requires long simulation time for convergence. Here, we accelerate the screening with a multi-task graph neural network that learns from a large amount of noisy, unconverged, short MD data and a small number of converged, long MD data. We achieve accurate predictions of 4 different converged properties and screen a space of 6247 polymers that is orders of magnitude larger than previous computational studies. Further, we extract several design principles for polymer electrolytes and provide an open dataset for the community. Our approach could be applicable to a broad class of material discovery problems that involve the simulation of complex, amorphous materials. Screening polymer electrolytes for batteries is extremely expensive due to the complex structures and slow dynamics. Here the authors develop a machine learning scheme to accelerate the screening and explore a space much larger than past studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Stolberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Megan Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Graham Michael Leverick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rafael Gomez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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11
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Jana A, Zhu T, Wang Y, Adams JJ, Kearney LT, Naskar AK, Grossman JC, Ferralis N. Atoms to fibers: Identifying novel processing methods in the synthesis of pitch-based carbon fibers. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn1905. [PMID: 35302858 PMCID: PMC8932655 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and optimizing the key mechanisms used in the synthesis of pitch-based carbon fibers (CFs) are challenging, because unlike polyacrylonitrile-based CFs, the feedstock for pitch-based CFs is chemically heterogeneous, resulting in complex fabrication leading to inconsistency in the final properties. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to explore the processing and chemical phase space through a framework of CF models to identify their effects on elastic performance. The results are in excellent agreement with experiments. We find that density, followed by alignment, and functionality of the molecular constituents dictate the CF mechanical properties more strongly than their size and shape. Last, we propose a previously unexplored fabrication route for high-modulus CFs. Unlike graphitization, this results in increased sp3 fraction, achieved via generating high-density CFs. In addition, the high sp3 fraction leads to the fabrication of CFs with isometric compressive and tensile moduli, enabling their potential applications for compressive loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Jana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Logan T. Kearney
- Carbon and Composites Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Amit K. Naskar
- Carbon and Composites Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Zang X, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Electronic, Structural, and Magnetic Upgrading of Coal-Based Products through Laser Annealing. ACS Nano 2022; 16:2101-2109. [PMID: 35077155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most coal-to-product routes require complex thermal treatment to carbonize the raw materials. However, the lack of unified comparison of products made from different kinds of coals downplays the role of initial coal chemistry in high-temperature reactions. Here, we used a CO2 laser to investigate the roles that aromatic content and maturity play in the structural evolution and doping of coals during annealing. Results show that a bituminous coal (DECS 19) with aromatic content and maturity in between higher rank, more mature anthracite (DECS 21) and lower rank, lower maturity lignite (DECS 25) leads to more graphite-like structure observed from the highest 2D peak on the Raman spectrum and conductivity (sheet resistance ∼30 ohm sq-1) after lasing. When nitrogen dopants are incorporated with saturated urea dopants into coals through laser ablation, nitrogen preferentially incorporates at the edge sites of graphitic grains. Furthermore, oxide nanoparticles can be incorporated into the graphitic backbone of coal to modify their electronic and magnetic properties through laser annealing. Leveraging tunable magnetic behavior, we demonstrate a soft actuator using both conductive and magnetic coal-Fe/Co oxide. Through laser annealing, we propose a paradigm to understand and control coal chemistry toward flexible and tunable doping and magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Zang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Abstract
Hygroscopic hydrogels hold significant promise for high-performance atmospheric water harvesting, passive cooling, and thermal management. However, a mechanistic understanding of the sorption kinetics of hygroscopic hydrogels remains elusive, impeding an optimized design and broad adoption. Here, we develop a generalized two-concentration model (TCM) to describe the sorption kinetics of hygroscopic hydrogels, where vapor transport in hydrogel micropores and liquid transport in polymer nanopores are coupled through the sorption at the interface. We show that the liquid transport due to the chemical potential gradient in the hydrogel plays an important role in the fast kinetics. The high water uptake is attributed to the expansion of hydrogel during liquid transport. Moreover, we identify key design parameters governing the kinetics, including the initial porosity, hydrogel thickness, and shear modulus. This work provides a generic framework of sorption kinetics, which bridges the knowledge gap between the fundamental transport and practical design of hygroscopic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lenan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohammed Alshrah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Patil JJ, Reese ML, Lee E, Grossman JC. Oxynitride-Encapsulated Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode with Enhanced Thermal, Electrical, and Chemical Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:4423-4433. [PMID: 35029366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been explored as a promising technology for transparent electrodes due to their solution-processability, low-cost implementation, and excellent trade-off between sheet resistance and transparency. However, their large-scale implementation in applications such as solar cells, transparent heaters, and display applications has been hindered by their poor thermal, electrical, and chemical stability. In this work, we present reactive sputtering as a method for fast deposition of metal oxynitrides as an encapsulant layer on AgNWs. Because O2 cannot be used as a reactive gas in the presence of oxidation-sensitive materials such as Ag, N2 is used under moderate sputtering base pressures to leverage residual H2O on the sample and chamber to deposit Al, Ti, and Zr oxynitrides (AlOxNy, TiOxNy, and ZrOxNy) on Ag nanowires on glass and polymer substrates. All encapsulants improve AgNW networks' electrical, thermal, and chemical stability. In particular, AlOxNy-encapsulated networks present exceptional chemical stability (negligible increase in resistance over 7 days at 80% relative humidity and 80 °C) and transparency (96% for 20 nm films on AgNWs), while TiOxNy demonstrates exceptional thermal and electrical stability (stability up to over temperatures 100 °C more than that of bare AgNW networks, with a maximum areal power density of 1.72 W/cm2, and no resistance divergence at up to 20 V), and ZrOxNy presents intermediate properties in all metrics. In summary, a novel method of oxynitride deposition, leveraging moderate base pressure reactive sputtering, is demonstrated for AgNW encapsulant deposition, which is compatible with roll-to-roll processes that are operated at commercial scales, and this technique can be extended to arbitrary, vacuum-compatible substrates and device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maya L Reese
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Hu Y, Zhu T, Guo Z, Popli H, Malissa H, Huang Y, An L, Li Z, Armstrong JN, Boehme C, Vardeny ZV, N'Diaye AT, Zhou C, Wuttig M, Grossman JC, Ren S. Printing Air-Stable High- Tc Molecular Magnet with Tunable Magnetic Interaction. Nano Lett 2022; 22:545-553. [PMID: 34981943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-Tc molecular magnets have amassed much promise; however, the long-standing obstacle for its practical applications is the inaccessibility of high-temperature molecular magnets showing dynamic and nonvolatile magnetization control. In addition, its functional durability is prone to degradation in oxygen and heat. Here, we introduce a rapid prototyping and stabilizing strategy for high Tc (360 K) molecular magnets with precise spatial control in geometry. The printed molecular magnets are thermally stable up to 400 K and air-stable for over 300 days, a significant improvement in its lifetime and durability. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and computational modeling reveal the water ligands controlling magnetic exchange interaction of molecular magnets. The molecular magnets also show dynamical and reversible tunability of magnetic exchange interactions, enabling a colossal working temperature window of 86 K (from 258 to 344 K). This study provides a pathway to flexible, lightweight, and durable molecular magnetic devices through additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zipeng Guo
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Henna Popli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hans Malissa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lu An
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jason N Armstrong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Alpha T N'Diaye
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Manfred Wuttig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in Energy Environment and Water Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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16
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Huang Y, Mitchell T, Yost DC, Hu Y, Benedict JB, Grossman JC, Ren S. Emerged Metallicity in Molecular Ferromagnetic Wires. Nano Lett 2021; 21:9746-9753. [PMID: 34757755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular engineering bridges molecular assembly with macromolecular charge-transfer salts, promising the design to construct supramolecular architectures that integrate cooperative properties difficult or impossible to find in conventional lattices. Here, we report the crystal engineering design and kinetic growth of one-dimensional supramolecular wires composed of bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET+) cation and polymeric Cu[N(CN)2]2- anion. A bulk ferromagnetic order is discovered for filling up the gap where strong ferromagnetism is missing in such ET molecule-based charge-transfer salts. Metallicity is induced by electric current from the semiconducting wire, which is attributed to strain effect by tuning its close molecular contact. This structural feature is evidenced through the combination of various mechanistic spectroscopic studies. Electric dipole is established from the close molecular contacts and is suggestive to stabilize ferromagnetic spin interaction through anions bridging spin sites. The breakthrough shown here provides a pathway to explore low-dimensional supramolecular materials exhibiting strong electron correlation, metallicity, and ferromagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Travis Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Dillon C Yost
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jason B Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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17
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Gong S, Wang S, Zhu T, Chen X, Yang Z, Buehler MJ, Shao-Horn Y, Grossman JC. Screening and Understanding Li Adsorption on Two-Dimensional Metallic Materials by Learning Physics and Physics-Simplified Learning. JACS Au 2021; 1:1904-1914. [PMID: 34841409 PMCID: PMC8611661 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and broad screening Li interaction energetics with surfaces are key to the development of materials for a wide range of applications including Li-based electrochemical capacitors, Li sensors, Li separation membranes, and Li-ion batteries. In this work, we build a high-throughput screening scheme to screen Li adsorption energetics on 2D metallic materials. First, density functional theory and graph convolution networks are utilized to calculate the minimum Li adsorption energies for some 2D metallic materials. The data is then used to find a dependence of the minimum Li adsorption energies on the sum of ionization potential, work function of the 2D metal, and coupling energy between Li+ and substrate, and the dependence is used to screen all 2D metallic materials. Physics-simplified learning by splitting the property into different contributions and learning or calculating each component is shown to have higher accuracy and transferability for machine learning of complex materials properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhenze Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Chen J, Wang Y, Xu W, Wen Y, Ryu GH, Grossman JC, Warner JH. Atomic Structure of Dislocations and Grain Boundaries in Two-Dimensional PtSe 2. ACS Nano 2021; 15:16748-16759. [PMID: 34610239 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Each 2D material has a distinct structure for its grain boundary and dislocation cores, which is dictated by both the crystal lattice geometry and the elements that participate in bonding. For the class of noble metal dichalcogenides, this has yet to be thoroughly investigated at the atomic scale. Here, we examine the atomic structure of the dislocations and grain boundaries (GBs) in two-dimensional PtSe2, using atomic-resolution annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, combined with density functional theory and empirical force field calculations. The PtSe2 we study adopts the 1T phase in large-area polycrystalline films with numerous planar tilt GB distinct dislocations, including 5|7+Se and 4|4|8+Se polygons, in tilt-angle monolayer GBs, with features sharply distinguished from those in 2H-phase TMDs. On the basis of dislocation cores, the GB structures are investigated in terms of pathways of dislocation chain arrangement, dislocation core distributions in different misorientation angles, and 2D strain fields induced. Based on the Frank-Bilby equation, the deduced Burgers vector magnitude is close to the lattice constant of 1T-PtSe2, building the quantitative relationship of dislocation spacings and small GB angles. The 30° GBs are most frequently formed as a stitched interface between the armchair and zigzag lattices, constructed by a string of 5|7+Se dislocations asymmetrically with a small deviation angle. Another special angle GB, mirror twin 60° GB, is also mapped linearly by metal-condensed asymmetric or Se-rich symmetric dislocations. This report gives atomic-level insights into the GBs and dislocations in 1T-phase noble metal TMD PtSe2, which is a promising material to underpin extending properties of 2D materials by local structure engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenshuo Xu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Gyeong Hee Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Materials Graduate Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Huang B, Rao RR, You S, Hpone Myint K, Song Y, Wang Y, Ding W, Giordano L, Zhang Y, Wang T, Muy S, Katayama Y, Grossman JC, Willard AP, Xu K, Jiang Y, Shao-Horn Y. Cation- and pH-Dependent Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reaction Kinetics. JACS Au 2021; 1:1674-1687. [PMID: 34723270 PMCID: PMC8549054 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of molecular hydrogen by catalyzing water splitting is central to achieving the decarbonization of sustainable fuels and chemical transformations. In this work, a series of structure-making/breaking cations in the electrolyte were investigated as spectator cations in hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) in the pH range of 1 to 14, whose kinetics was found to be altered by up to 2 orders of magnitude by these cations. The exchange current density of HER/HOR was shown to increase with greater structure-making tendency of cations in the order of Cs+ < Rb+ < K+ < Na+ < Li+, which was accompanied by decreasing reorganization energy from the Marcus-Hush-Chidsey formalism and increasing reaction entropy. Invoking the Born model of reorganization energy and reaction entropy, the static dielectric constant of the electrolyte at the electrified interface was found to be significantly lower than that of bulk, decreasing with the structure-making tendency of cations at the negatively charged Pt surface. The physical origin of cation-dependent HER/HOR kinetics can be rationalized by an increase in concentration of cations on the negatively charged Pt surface, altering the interfacial water structure and the H-bonding network, which is supported by classical molecular dynamics simulation and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. This work highlights immense opportunities to control the reaction rates by tuning interfacial structures of cation and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Huang
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Reshma R. Rao
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sifan You
- International
Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Kyaw Hpone Myint
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yizhi Song
- International
Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wendu Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Livia Giordano
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sokseiha Muy
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research
Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yu Katayama
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for
Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery
Science Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783-1197, United States
| | - Ying Jiang
- International
Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Electrochemical
Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Hu Y, Adhikari D, Tan A, Dong X, Zhu T, Wang X, Huang Y, Mitchell T, Yao Z, Dasenbrock-Gammon N, Snider E, Dias RP, Huang C, Kim R, Neuhart I, Ali AH, Zhang J, Bechtel HA, Martin MC, Corder SNG, Hu F, Li Z, Armstrong JN, Wang J, Liu M, Benedict J, Zurek E, Sambandamurthy G, Grossman JC, Zhang P, Ren S. Laser-Induced Cooperative Transition in Molecular Electronic Crystal. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103000. [PMID: 34397123 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The competing and non-equilibrium phase transitions, involving dynamic tunability of cooperative electronic and magnetic states in strongly correlated materials, show great promise in quantum sensing and information technology. To date, the stabilization of transient states is still in the preliminary stage, particularly with respect to molecular electronic solids. Here, a dynamic and cooperative phase in potassium-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (K-TCNQ) with the control of pulsed electromagnetic excitation is demonstrated. Simultaneous dynamic and coherent lattice perturbation with 8 ns pulsed laser (532 nm, 15 MW cm-2 , 10 Hz) in such a molecular electronic crystal initiates a stable long-lived (over 400 days) conducting paramagnetic state (≈42 Ωcm), showing the charge-spin bistability over a broad temperature range from 2 to 360 K. Comprehensive noise spectroscopy, in situ high-pressure measurements, electron spin resonance (ESR), theoretical model, and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) studies provide further evidence that such a transition is cooperative, requiring a dedicated charge-spin-lattice decoupling to activate and subsequently stabilize nonequilibrium phase. The cooperativity triggered by ultrahigh-strain-rate (above 106 s- 1 ) pulsed excitation offers a collective control toward the generation and stabilization of strongly correlated electronic and magnetic orders in molecular electronic solids and offers unique electro-magnetic phases with technological promises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Dasharath Adhikari
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Andrew Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xi Dong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Travis Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Ziheng Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nathan Dasenbrock-Gammon
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - Elliot Snider
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - Ranga P Dias
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - Chuankun Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Richard Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ian Neuhart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ahmed H Ali
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Hans A Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Michael C Martin
- Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Feng Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jason N Armstrong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jason Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Eva Zurek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA
| | - Ganapathy Sambandamurthy
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Research and Education in Energy Environment & Water Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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21
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He R, Zhu T, Ying P, Chen J, Giebeler L, Kühn U, Grossman JC, Wang Y, Nielsch K. High-Pressure-Sintering-Induced Microstructural Engineering for an Ultimate Phonon Scattering of Thermoelectric Half-Heusler Compounds. Small 2021; 17:e2102045. [PMID: 34235845 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal management is of vital importance in various modern technologies such as portable electronics, photovoltaics, and thermoelectric devices. Impeding phonon transport remains one of the most challenging tasks for improving the thermoelectric performance of certain materials such as half-Heusler compounds. Herein, a significant reduction of lattice thermal conductivity (κL ) is achieved by applying a pressure of ≈1 GPa to sinter a broad range of half-Heusler compounds. Contrasting with the common sintering pressure of less than 100 MPa, the gigapascal-level pressure enables densification at a lower temperature, thus greatly modifying the structural characteristics for an intensified phonon scattering. A maximum κL reduction of ≈83% is realized for HfCoSb from 14 to 2.5 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K with more than 95% relative density. The realized low κL originates from a remarkable grain-size refinement to below 100 nm together with the abundant in-grain defects, as determined by microscopy investigations. This work uncovers the phonon transport properties of half-Heusler compounds under unconventional microstructures, thus showing the potential of high-pressure compaction in advancing the performance of thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pingjun Ying
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jie Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lars Giebeler
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Kühn
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yumei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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22
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Jana A, Bergsman DS, Grossman JC. Adsorption-based membranes for air separation using transition metal oxides. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:4502-4512. [PMID: 36133475 PMCID: PMC9418459 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we use computational modeling to examine the viability of adsorption-based pore-flow membranes for separating gases when a purely size-based separation strategy is ineffective. Using molecular dynamics simulations of O2 and N2, we model permeation through a nanoporous graphene membrane. Permeation is assumed to follow a five-step adsorption-based pathway, with desorption being the rate-limiting step. Using this model, we observe increased selectivity between O2 and N2, resulting from increased adsorption energy differences. We explore the limits of this strategy, providing an initial set of constraints that need to be satisfied to allow for selectivity. Finally, we provide a preliminary exploration of some transition metal oxides that appear to satisfy those conditions. Using density functional theory calculations, we confirm that these oxides possess adsorption energies needed to operate as adsorption-based pore-flow membranes. These adsorption energies provide a suitable motivation to examine adsorption-based pore-flow membranes as a viable option for air separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Jana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - David S Bergsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
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23
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Straub AP, Bergsman DS, Getachew BA, Leahy LM, Patil JJ, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Highly Conductive and Permeable Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membranes Using Laser-Reduced Graphene Oxide. Nano Lett 2021; 21:2429-2435. [PMID: 33689366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive membranes are a promising avenue to reduce water treatment costs due to their ability to minimize the detrimental impact of fouling, to degrade contaminants, and to provide other additional benefits during filtration. Here, we demonstrate the facile and low-cost fabrication of electrically conductive membranes using laser-reduced graphene oxide (GO). In this method, GO is filtered onto a poly(ether sulfone) membrane support before being pyrolyzed via laser into a conductive film. Laser-reduced GO composite membranes are shown to be equally as permeable to water as the underlying membrane support and possess sheet resistances as low as 209 Ω/□. Application of the laser-reduced GO membranes is demonstrated through greater than 97% removal of a surrogate water contaminant, 25 μM methyl orange dye, with an 8 V applied potential. Furthermore, we show that laser-reduced GO membranes can be further tuned with the addition of p-phenylenediamine binding molecules to decrease the sheet resistance to 54 Ω/□.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Straub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David S Bergsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bezawit A Getachew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Liam M Leahy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Patil JJ, Chae WH, Trebach A, Carter KJ, Lee E, Sannicolo T, Grossman JC. Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2004356. [PMID: 33346400 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowire (MNW)-based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low-cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost-effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano- to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW-encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Woo Hyun Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam Trebach
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ki-Jana Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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25
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Abstract
Bubble nucleation is ubiquitous in gas evolving reactions that are instrumental for a variety of electrochemical systems. Fundamental understanding of the nucleation process, which is critical to system optimization, remains limited as prior works generally focused on the thermodynamics and have not considered the coupling between surface geometries and different forms of transport in the electrolytes. Here, we establish a comprehensive transport-based model framework to identify the underlying mechanism for bubble nucleation on gas evolving electrodes. We account for the complex effects on the electrical field, ion migration, ion diffusion, and gas diffusion arising from surface heterogeneities and gas pockets initiated from surface crevices. As a result, we show that neglecting these effects leads to significant underprediction of the energy needed for nucleation. Our model provides a non-monotonic relationship between the surface cavity size and the overpotential required for nucleation, which is physically more consistent than the monotonic relationship suggested by a traditional thermodynamics-based model. We also identify the significance of the gas diffuse layer thickness, a parameter controlled by external flow fields and overall electrode geometries, which has been largely overlooked in previous models. Our model framework offers guidelines for practical electrochemical systems whereby, without changing the surface chemistry, nucleation on electrodes can be tuned by engineering the cavity size and the gas diffuse layer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lenan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryuichi Iwata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Crabb E, France-Lanord A, Leverick G, Stephens R, Shao-Horn Y, Grossman JC. Importance of Equilibration Method and Sampling for Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Solvent–Lithium-Salt Systems in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7255-7266. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Crabb
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Graham Leverick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryan Stephens
- Shell International Exploration & Production Inc., Houston, Texas 77082, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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27
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Huang Y, Wolowiec C, Zhu T, Hu Y, An L, Li Z, Grossman JC, Schuller IK, Ren S. Emerging Magnetic Interactions in van der Waals Heterostructures. Nano Lett 2020; 20:7852-7859. [PMID: 33054240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vertical van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures based on layered materials are attracting interest as a new class of quantum materials, where interfacial charge-transfer coupling can give rise to fascinating strongly correlated phenomena. Transition metal chalcogenides are a particularly exciting material family, including ferromagnetic semiconductors, multiferroics, and superconductors. Here, we report the growth of an organic-inorganic heterostructure by intercalating molecular electron donating bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene into (Li,Fe)OHFeSe, a layered material in which the superconducting ground state results from the intercalation of hydroxide layer. Molecular intercalation in this heterostructure induces a transformation from a paramagnetic to spin-glass-like state that is sensitive to the stoichiometry of molecular donor and an applied magnetic field. Besides, electron-donating molecules reduce the electrical resistivity in the heterostructure and modify its response to laser illumination. This hybrid heterostructure provides a promising platform to study emerging magnetic and electronic behaviors in strongly correlated layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Christian Wolowiec
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lu An
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan K Schuller
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment, and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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28
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Abstract
Transparent photovoltaics are receiving increased attention for their wide range of applicability, but there have been few attempts to systematically tune organic materials to achieve transparency. In this Letter, we study the influence of simple structural modifications on the photoabsorption spectrum of the nonfullerene electron acceptor perylenediimide. Motivated by push-pull design strategies, we explore the effects of applying electron-donating functional groups with varying strengths using three design motifs. We demonstrate that relative Mulliken electronegativity, which can be easily computed using an optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid functional, is a useful metric for finding suitable donor groups. We also demonstrate that donor groups that include a conjugated spacer are crucial to obtaining a planar molecule with uniform conjugation and low-energy charge-transfer excitations. These simple design rules can be used to design near-infrared absorbing transparent electron acceptors based on perylenediimide and other promising molecular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jana B Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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29
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Getachew BA, Bergsman DS, Grossman JC. Laser-Induced Graphene from Polyimide and Polyethersulfone Precursors as a Sensing Electrode in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:48511-48517. [PMID: 33052656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The need to reduce and eliminate exposure to the toxic contaminant lead (Pb) from drinking water calls for advances in cheap and low-footprint sensing technologies such as stripping voltammetry. This study examines the performance of laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes from polyimide (PI) and polyethersulfone (PES) precursors in anodic stripping voltammetry of Pb(II). Despite their similar electrochemical properties and conductivity, as characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and two-point conductivity, respectively, subtle differences in physical and chemical properties, as measured by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively, lead to PI-LIG electrodes exhibiting higher sensitivity than PES-LIG electrodes. Enhanced electrochemical activity of the PES-LIG electrodes for side reactions due to sulfur substitutions could potentially account for the difference in performance. The results of this study highlight that the starting material can heavily determine the performance of electrodes formed via laser-induced graphitization for sensing and other electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezawit A Getachew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - David S Bergsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
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30
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Zang X, Tai KY, Jian C, Shou W, Matusik W, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Laser-Induced Tar-Mediated Sintering of Metals and Refractory Carbides in Air. ACS Nano 2020; 14:10413-10420. [PMID: 32806046 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Refractory metals and their carbides possess extraordinary chemical and temperature resilience and exceptional mechanical strength. Yet, they are notoriously difficult to employ in additive manufacturing, due to the high temperatures needed for processing. State of the art approaches to manufacture these materials generally require either a high-energy laser or electron beam as well as ventilation to protect the metal powder from combustion. Here, we present a versatile manufacturing process that utilizes tar as both a light absorber and antioxidant binder to sinter thin films of aluminum, copper, nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten powder using a low power (<2W) CO2 laser in air. Films of sintered Al/Cu/Ni metals have sheet resistances of ∼10-1 ohm/sq, while laser-sintered Mo/W-tar thin films form carbide phases. Several devices are demonstrated, including laser-sintered porous copper with a stable response to large strain (3.0) after 150 cycles, and a laserprocessed Mo/MoC(1-x) filament that reaches T ∼1000 °C in open air at 12 V. These results show that tar-mediated laser sintering represents a possible low energy, cost-effective route for engineering refractory materials and one that can easily be extended to additive manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kiera Y Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cuiying Jian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Wan Shou
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wojciech Matusik
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Dahod NS, France-Lanord A, Paritmongkol W, Grossman JC, Tisdale WA. Low-frequency Raman spectrum of 2D layered perovskites: Local atomistic motion or superlattice modes? J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044710. [PMID: 32752687 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the low-frequency Raman spectrum (ω = 10 cm-1-150 cm-1) of a wide variety of alkylammonium iodide based 2D lead halide perovskites (2D LHPs) as a function of A-site cation (MA = methylammonium and FA = formamidinium), octahedral layer thickness (n = 2-4), organic spacer chain length (butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-), and sample temperature (T = 77 K-293 K). Using density functional theory calculations under the harmonic approximation for n = 2 BA:MAPbI, we assign several longitudinal/transverse optical phonon modes between 30 cm-1 and 100 cm-1, the eigendisplacements of which are analogous to that observed previously for octahedral twists/distortions in bulk MAPbI. Additionally, we propose an alternative assignment for low-frequency modes below this band (<30 cm-1) as zone-folded longitudinal acoustic phonons corresponding to the periodicity of the entire layered structure. We compare measured spectra to predictions of the Rytov elastic continuum model for zone-folded dispersion in layered structures. Our results are consistent across the various 2D LHPs studied herein, with energetic shifts of optical phonons corresponding to microscopic structural differences between materials and energetic shifts of acoustic phonons according to changes in the periodicity and elastic properties of the perovskite/organic subphases. This study highlights the importance of both the local atomic order and the superlattice structure on the vibrational properties of layered 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel S Dahod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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32
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Qiao B, Mohapatra S, Lopez J, Leverick GM, Tatara R, Shibuya Y, Jiang Y, France-Lanord A, Grossman JC, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Johnson JA, Shao-Horn Y. Quantitative Mapping of Molecular Substituents to Macroscopic Properties Enables Predictive Design of Oligoethylene Glycol-Based Lithium Electrolytes. ACS Cent Sci 2020; 6:1115-1128. [PMID: 32724846 PMCID: PMC7379101 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular details often dictate the macroscopic properties of materials, yet due to their vastly different length scales, relationships between molecular structure and bulk properties can be difficult to predict a priori, requiring Edisonian optimizations and preventing rational design. Here, we introduce an easy-to-execute strategy based on linear free energy relationships (LFERs) that enables quantitative correlation and prediction of how molecular modifications, i.e., substituents, impact the ensemble properties of materials. First, we developed substituent parameters based on inexpensive, DFT-computed energetics of elementary pairwise interactions between a given substituent and other constant components of the material. These substituent parameters were then used as inputs to regression analyses of experimentally measured bulk properties, generating a predictive statistical model. We applied this approach to a widely studied class of electrolyte materials: oligo-ethylene glycol (OEG)-LiTFSI mixtures; the resulting model enables elucidation of fundamental physical principles that govern the properties of these electrolytes and also enables prediction of the properties of novel, improved OEG-LiTFSI-based electrolytes. The framework presented here for using context-specific substituent parameters will potentially enhance the throughput of screening new molecular designs for next-generation energy storage devices and other materials-oriented contexts where classical substituent parameters (e.g., Hammett parameters) may not be available or effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Somesh Mohapatra
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lopez
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Graham M. Leverick
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ryoichi Tatara
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yoshiki Shibuya
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yivan Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department
of Chemistry, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Materials Science and
Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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33
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Bergsman DS, Getachew BA, Cooper CB, Grossman JC. Preserving nanoscale features in polymers during laser induced graphene formation using sequential infiltration synthesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3636. [PMID: 32686666 PMCID: PMC7371709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct lasing of polymeric membranes to form laser induced graphene (LIG) offers a scalable and potentially cheaper alternative for the fabrication of electrically conductive membranes. However, the high temperatures induced during lasing can deform the substrate polymer, altering existing micro- and nanosized features that are crucial for a membrane's performance. Here, we demonstrate how sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) of alumina, a simple solvent-free process, stabilizes polyethersulfone (PES) membranes against deformation above the polymers' glass transition temperature, enabling the formation of LIG without any changes to the membrane's underlying pore structure. These membranes are shown to have comparable sheet resistance to carbon-nanotube-composite membranes. They are electrochemically stable and maintain their permeability after lasing, demonstrating their competitive performance as electrically conductive membranes. These results demonstrate the immense versatility of SIS for modifying materials when combined with laser induced graphitization for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Bergsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bezawit A Getachew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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34
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Nam TW, Kim M, Wang Y, Kim GY, Choi W, Lim H, Song KM, Choi MJ, Jeon DY, Grossman JC, Jung YS. Thermodynamic-driven polychromatic quantum dot patterning for light-emitting diodes beyond eye-limiting resolution. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3040. [PMID: 32546822 PMCID: PMC7297963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16865-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The next-generation wearable near-eye displays inevitably require extremely high pixel density due to significant decrease in the viewing distance. For such denser and smaller pixel arrays, the emissive material must exhibit wider colour gamut so that each of the vast pixels maintains the colour accuracy. Electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting diodes are promising candidates for such application owing to their highly saturated colour gamuts and other excellent optoelectronic properties. However, previously reported quantum dot patterning technologies have limitations in demonstrating full-colour pixel arrays with sub-micron feature size, high fidelity, and high post-patterning device performance. Here, we show thermodynamic-driven immersion transfer-printing, which enables patterning and printing of quantum dot arrays in omni-resolution scale; quantum dot arrays from single-particle resolution to the entire film can be fabricated on diverse surfaces. Red-green-blue quantum dot arrays with unprecedented resolutions up to 368 pixels per degree is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Nam
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Geon Yeong Kim
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunhee Lim
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Song
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Choi
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Young Jeon
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chae WH, Sannicolo T, Grossman JC. Double-Sided Graphene Oxide Encapsulated Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode with Improved Chemical and Electrical Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:17909-17920. [PMID: 32233415 PMCID: PMC7310952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their high conductivity, transparency, flexibility, and compatibility with solution processes, silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been widely explored as a promising alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). However, their susceptibility to corrosion and thermal instability still remain limiting factors for widespread adoption in a range of devices including solar cells, transparent heaters, and light-emitting diodes. In this study, we report a scalable and economically viable process involving electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to fabricate a highly stable hybrid transparent electrode with a sandwich-like structure, where a AgNW network is covered by graphene oxide (GO) films on both sides. The newly developed all solution process allows the conductive transparent film to be transferred to an arbitrary surface after deposition and demonstrates excellent sheet resistance (15 Ω/sq) and tunable transmittance (70-87% at 550 nm). Unlike bare AgNW networks, the hybrid electrode retains its original conductivity under long-term storage at up to 80% relative humidity. This chemical resilience is explained by the absence of silver corrosion products for the AgNW encapsulated by GO as indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In situ voltage ramping and resistance measurements up to 20 V indicate a novel stabilization mechanism enabled by the presence of GO which delays the failure onset and prevents abrupt divergence of the resistance to the megaohm range experienced by bare AgNW networks. The double-sided nature of the GO coating offers combined stability and performance to the AgNW network, which adds unique versatility of our electrodes to be used toward applications that require a wide range of thermal and chemical stabilities.
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Sinha S, Zhu T, France-Lanord A, Sheng Y, Grossman JC, Porfyrakis K, Warner JH. Atomic structure and defect dynamics of monolayer lead iodide nanodisks with epitaxial alignment on graphene. Nat Commun 2020; 11:823. [PMID: 32041958 PMCID: PMC7010709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead Iodide (PbI2) is a large bandgap 2D layered material that has potential for semiconductor applications. However, atomic level study of PbI2 monolayer has been limited due to challenges in obtaining thin crystals. Here, we use liquid exfoliation to produce monolayer PbI2 nanodisks (30-40 nm in diameter and > 99% monolayer purity) and deposit them onto suspended graphene supports to enable atomic structure study of PbI2. Strong epitaxial alignment of PbI2 monolayers with the underlying graphene lattice occurs, leading to a phase shift from the 1 T to 1 H structure to increase the level of commensuration in the two lattice spacings. The fundamental point vacancy and nanopore structures in PbI2 monolayers are directly imaged, showing rapid vacancy migration and self-healing. These results provide a detailed insight into the atomic structure of monolayer PbI2, and the impact of the strong van der Waals interaction with graphene, which has importance for future applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sinha
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuewen Sheng
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 204 Dean Keeton Street, Austin, 78712, USA.
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Li H, Hayden SC, France-Lanord A, Converse E, Hanna BS, Headrick T, Drake K, Grossman JC. Tuning the Potential Energy Landscape to Suppress Ostwald Ripening in Surface-Supported Catalyst Systems. Nano Lett 2019; 19:8388-8398. [PMID: 31674187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rational control of nanoparticle (NP) size distribution during operation is crucial to improve catalytic performance and noble metal sustainability. Herein, we explore the Ostwald ripening (OR) of metal atoms on zeolite surfaces by a coupled theoretical-experimental approach. Zeolites with the same structure (ZSM-5) but different concentrations of aluminum doped into the matrix were observed to yield systematic differences in supported nanoparticle size distributions. Our first-principles simulations suggest that NP stability at high temperature is governed by both geometric constraints and the roughness of the energetic landscape. Calculated adatom migration paths across the zeolite surface and desorption paths from the supported NPs lend insight into the modified OR sintering processes with the emergence of different binding configurations as the aluminum concentration increases from pristine to heavily doped ZSM-5. These findings reveal the potential for the rational design of support structures to suppress OR sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Li
- School of Physics , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Steven C Hayden
- Advanced Materials Team, Aramco Research Center - Boston , Aramco Services Company , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Elisha Converse
- Advanced Materials Team, Aramco Research Center - Boston , Aramco Services Company , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Brian S Hanna
- Advanced Materials Team, Aramco Research Center - Boston , Aramco Services Company , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Tatiana Headrick
- Advanced Materials Team, Aramco Research Center - Boston , Aramco Services Company , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Kinsey Drake
- Advanced Materials Team, Aramco Research Center - Boston , Aramco Services Company , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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38
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Hansen EC, Liu Y, Utzat H, Bertram SN, Grossman JC, Bawendi MG. Blue Light Emitting Defective Nanocrystals Composed of Earth-Abundant Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:860-867. [PMID: 31693785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Copper-based ternary (I-III-VI) chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) are compositionally-flexible semiconductors that do not contain lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd). Cu-In-S NCs are the dominantly studied member of this important materials class and have been reported to contain optically-active defect states. However, there are minimal reports of In-free compositions that exhibit efficient photoluminescence (PL). Here, we report a novel solution-phase synthesis of ≈4 nm defective nanocrystals (DNCs) composed of copper, aluminum, zinc, and sulfur with ≈20 % quantum yield and an attractive PL maximum of 450 nm. Extensive spectroscopic characterization suggests the presence of highly localized electronic states resulting in reasonably fast PL decays (≈1 ns), large vibrational energy spacing, small Stokes shift, and temperature-independent PL linewidth and PL lifetime (between room temperature and ≈5 K). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest PL transitions arise from defects within a CuAl5 S8 crystal lattice, which supports the experimental observation of highly-localized states. The results reported here provide a new material with unique optoelectronic characteristics that is an important analog to well-explored Cu-In-S NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sophie N Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Hansen EC, Liu Y, Utzat H, Bertram SN, Grossman JC, Bawendi MG. Blue Light Emitting Defective Nanocrystals Composed of Earth‐Abundant Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Hendrik Utzat
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Sophie N. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Kim Y, Wang Y, France-Lanord A, Wang Y, Wu YCM, Lin S, Li Y, Grossman JC, Swager TM. Ionic Highways from Covalent Assembly in Highly Conducting and Stable Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18152-18159. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yichong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - You-Chi Mason Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sibo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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41
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Ryu GH, Zhu T, Chen J, Sinha S, Shautsova V, Grossman JC, Warner JH. Striated 2D Lattice with Sub-nm 1D Etch Channels by Controlled Thermally Induced Phase Transformations of PdSe 2. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1904251. [PMID: 31559669 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
2D crystals are typically uniform and periodic in-plane with stacked sheet-like structure in the out-of-plane direction. Breaking the in-plane 2D symmetry by creating unique lattice structures offers anisotropic electronic and optical responses that have potential in nanoelectronics. However, creating nanoscale-modulated anisotropic 2D lattices is challenging and is mostly done using top-down lithographic methods with ≈10 nm resolution. A phase transformation mechanism for creating 2D striated lattice systems is revealed, where controlled thermal annealing induces Se loss in few-layered PdSe2 and leads to 1D sub-nm etched channels in Pd2 Se3 bilayers. These striated 2D crystals cannot be described by a typical unit cells of 1-2 Å for crystals, but rather long range nanoscale periodicity in each three directions. The 1D channels give rise to localized conduction states, which have no bulk layered counterpart or monolayer form. These results show how the known family of 2D crystals can be extended beyond those that exist as bulk layered van der Waals crystals by exploiting phase transformations by elemental depletion in binary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Hee Ryu
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Sapna Sinha
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Viktoryia Shautsova
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
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42
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Morris OP, Zang X, Gregg A, Keller B, Getachew B, Ingersoll S, Elsen HA, Disko MM, Ferralis N, Grossman JC. Natural Carbon By-Products for Transparent Heaters: The Case of Steam-Cracker Tar. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1900331. [PMID: 31268196 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steam-cracker tar (SCT) is a by-product of ethylene production that is in massive quantities globally (>150 × 106 tons per year). With few useful applications, the production of unwanted SCT leads to the need for its costly disposal or burning at the boiler plant. The discovery of new uses for SCT would therefore bring both economic and environmental benefits, although, to date, efforts toward employing SCT in diverse applications have been limited, and progress is further hampered by a lack of understanding of the material itself. Although complex and highly heterogeneous in nature, the molecular composition of SCT has the potential to serve as a diverse and tunable feedstock for wide-ranging applications. Here, a simple solution-processing method for SCT that allows its conductivity and optical properties to be controlled over orders of magnitude is reported. Here, by way of example, the focus is on the production of transparent conductive thin films, which exhibit a wide range of transparencies (23-93%) and sheet resistances (2.5 Ω □-1 to 1.2 kΩ □-1 ) that are tuned by a combination of solution concentration and thermal annealing. As transparent Joule heaters, even without optimization, these SCT devices show competitive performance compared to established technologies such as those based on reduced graphene oxide, and surpass the temperature stability limit of other materials. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that laser annealing can be used to process the SCT films and directly pattern transparent heaters on an arbitrary substrate. These results highlight the potential of SCT as a feedstock material for electronic applications and suggest that broader classes of either naturally occurring carbon or produced carbonaceous by-products could prove useful in a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen P Morris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xining Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aoife Gregg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brent Keller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bezawit Getachew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Samuel Ingersoll
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Heather A Elsen
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - Mark M Disko
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - Nicola Ferralis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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43
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Fadel ER, Faglioni F, Samsonidze G, Molinari N, Merinov BV, Goddard WA, Grossman JC, Mailoa JP, Kozinsky B. Role of solvent-anion charge transfer in oxidative degradation of battery electrolytes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3360. [PMID: 31350394 PMCID: PMC6659707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical stability windows of electrolytes largely determine the limitations of operating regimes of lithium-ion batteries, but the degradation mechanisms are difficult to characterize and poorly understood. Using computational quantum chemistry to investigate the oxidative decomposition that govern voltage stability of multi-component organic electrolytes, we find that electrolyte decomposition is a process involving the solvent and the salt anion and requires explicit treatment of their coupling. We find that the ionization potential of the solvent-anion system is often lower than that of the isolated solvent or the anion. This mutual weakening effect is explained by the formation of the anion-solvent charge-transfer complex, which we study for 16 anion-solvent combinations. This understanding of the oxidation mechanism allows the formulation of a simple predictive model that explains experimentally observed trends in the onset voltages of degradation of electrolytes near the cathode. This model opens opportunities for rapid rational design of stable electrolytes for high-energy batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Fadel
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Robert Bosch LLC, Research and Technology Center, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Francesco Faglioni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Georgy Samsonidze
- Robert Bosch LLC, Research and Technology Center, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nicola Molinari
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Robert Bosch LLC, Research and Technology Center, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Boris V Merinov
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mailoa
- Robert Bosch LLC, Research and Technology Center, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Boris Kozinsky
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Robert Bosch LLC, Research and Technology Center, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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44
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Zang X, Jian C, Zhu T, Fan Z, Wang W, Wei M, Li B, Follmar Diaz M, Ashby P, Lu Z, Chu Y, Wang Z, Ding X, Xie Y, Chen J, Hohman JN, Sanghadasa M, Grossman JC, Lin L. Laser-sculptured ultrathin transition metal carbide layers for energy storage and energy harvesting applications. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3112. [PMID: 31308363 PMCID: PMC6629648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin transition metal carbides with high capacity, high surface area, and high conductivity are a promising family of materials for applications from energy storage to catalysis. However, large-scale, cost-effective, and precursor-free methods to prepare ultrathin carbides are lacking. Here, we demonstrate a direct pattern method to manufacture ultrathin carbides (MoCx, WCx, and CoCx) on versatile substrates using a CO2 laser. The laser-sculptured polycrystalline carbides (macroporous, ~10–20 nm wall thickness, ~10 nm crystallinity) show high energy storage capability, hierarchical porous structure, and higher thermal resilience than MXenes and other laser-ablated carbon materials. A flexible supercapacitor made of MoCx demonstrates a wide temperature range (−50 to 300 °C). Furthermore, the sculptured microstructures endow the carbide network with enhanced visible light absorption, providing high solar energy harvesting efficiency (~72 %) for steam generation. The laser-based, scalable, resilient, and low-cost manufacturing process presents an approach for construction of carbides and their subsequent applications. Transition metal carbides are attractive for electrochemical energy storage and catalysis, but cost effective preparation on a large scale is challenging. Here the authors use a direct pattern method to fabricate transition metal carbides for supercapacitors and solar energy harvesting for steam generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Mechanical Engineering & Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
| | - Cuiying Jian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zheng Fan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Wanlin Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minsong Wei
- Mechanical Engineering & Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Buxuan Li
- Mechanical Engineering & Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | | | - Paul Ashby
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yao Chu
- Mechanical Engineering & Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Zizhao Wang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xinrui Ding
- Mechanical Engineering & Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Yingxi Xie
- Mechanical Engineering & Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Juhong Chen
- Mechanical Engineering & Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - J Nathan Hohman
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mohan Sanghadasa
- Aviation and Missile Center, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL, 35898, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Liwei Lin
- Mechanical Engineering & Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California Berkley, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
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Abstract
Optoelectronic devices made from colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) often take advantage of the combination of tunable quantum-confined optical properties and carrier mobilities of strongly coupled systems. In this work, first-principles calculations are applied to investigate the electronic, optical, and transport properties of PbS CQD superlattices. Our results show that even in the regime of strong necking and fusing between PbS CQDs, quantum confinement can be generally preserved. In particular, computed carrier mobilities for simple cubic and two-dimensional square lattices fused along the {100} facets are 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than those of superlattices fused along {110} and {111} facets. The relative magnitude of the electron and hole mobilities strongly depends on the crystal and electronic structures. Our results illustrate the importance of understanding the crystal structure of CQD films and that strongly fused CQD superlattices offer a promising pathway for achieving tunable quantum-confined optical properties while increasing carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Nolan Peard
- Department of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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46
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Xie T, France-Lanord A, Wang Y, Shao-Horn Y, Grossman JC. Graph dynamical networks for unsupervised learning of atomic scale dynamics in materials. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2667. [PMID: 31209223 PMCID: PMC6573035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamical processes that govern the performance of functional materials is essential for the design of next generation materials to tackle global energy and environmental challenges. Many of these processes involve the dynamics of individual atoms or small molecules in condensed phases, e.g. lithium ions in electrolytes, water molecules in membranes, molten atoms at interfaces, etc., which are difficult to understand due to the complexity of local environments. In this work, we develop graph dynamical networks, an unsupervised learning approach for understanding atomic scale dynamics in arbitrary phases and environments from molecular dynamics simulations. We show that important dynamical information, which would be difficult to obtain otherwise, can be learned for various multi-component amorphous material systems. With the large amounts of molecular dynamics data generated every day in nearly every aspect of materials design, this approach provides a broadly applicable, automated tool to understand atomic scale dynamics in material systems. Understanding local dynamical processes in materials is challenging due to the complexity of the local atomic environments. Here the authors propose a graph dynamical networks approach that is shown to learn the atomic scale dynamics in arbitrary phases and environments from molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Palummo M, D'Auria AN, Grossman JC, Cicero G. Tailoring the optical properties of MoS 2 and WS 2 single layers via organic functionalization. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:235701. [PMID: 30831563 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0c5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the structural and electronic properties of 2D materials is fundamental to boost their use in a wide range of technological applications. In this paper, by means of first principles simulations, we show how methyl functionalization of MoS2 and WS2 monolayers can be employed to change their energy gap, tune their optoelectronic properties and modify the relative stability of their structural phases (or polytypes). In particular for both compound monolayers, we find that the most stable semiconducting H phase becomes metallic upon methyl functionalization, while in the metastable T' phase the band gap increases as a function of the -CH3 coverage; correspondingly the phase stability is reversed and the on-set of the optical absorption is blue-shifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palummo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
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48
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Abstract
We present a new approximation to ionic conductivity well suited to dynamical atomic-scale simulations, based on the Nernst-Einstein equation. In our approximation, ionic aggregates constitute the elementary charge carriers, and are considered as noninteracting species. This approach conveniently captures the dominant effect of ion-ion correlations on conductivity, short range interactions in the form of clustering. In addition to providing better estimates to the conductivity at a lower computational cost than exact approaches, this new method allows us to understand the physical mechanisms driving ion conduction in concentrated electrolytes. As an example, we consider Li^{+} conduction in poly(ethylene oxide), a standard solid-state polymer electrolyte. Using our newly developed approach, we are able to reproduce recent experimental results reporting negative cation transference numbers at high salt concentrations, and to confirm that this effect can be caused by a large population of negatively charged clusters involving cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Jin B, Wang Y, Liu Z, France-Lanord A, Grossman JC, Jin C, Tang R. Revealing the Cluster-Cloud and Its Role in Nanocrystallization. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1808225. [PMID: 30847959 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the early stages of crystallization from supersaturated solutions is of critical importance, but remains a great challenge. An in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy study reveals an intermediate state of condensed atomic clusters during Pd and Au crystallizations, which is named a "cluster-cloud." It is found that nucleation is initiated by the collapse of a cluster-cloud, first forming a nanoparticle. The subsequent particle maturation proceeds via multiple out-and-in relaxations of the cluster-cloud to improve crystallinity: from a poorly crystallized phase, the particle evolves into a well-defined single-crystal phase. Both experimental investigations and atomistic simulations suggest that the cluster-cloud-mediated nanocrystallization involves an order-disorder phase separation and reconstruction, which is energetically favored compared to local rearrangements within the particle. This finding grants new insights into nanocrystallization mechanisms, and provides useful information for the improvement of synthesis pathways of nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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Abstract
Solar thermal fuels (STFs) are an unconventional paradigm for solar energy conversion and storage which is attracting renewed attention. In this concept, a material absorbs sunlight and stores the energy chemically via an induced structural change, which can later be reversed to release the energy as heat. An example is the azobenzene molecule which has a cis-trans photoisomerization with these properties, and can be tuned by chemical substitution and attachment to templates such as carbon nanotubes, small molecules, or polymers. By analogy to the Shockley-Queisser limit for photovoltaics, we analyze the maximum attainable efficiency for STFs from fundamental thermodynamic considerations. Microscopic reversibility provides a bound on the quantum yield of photoisomerization due to fluorescence, regardless of details of photochemistry. We emphasize the importance of analyzing the free energy, not just enthalpy, of the metastable molecules, and find an efficiency limit for conversion to stored chemical energy equal to the Shockley-Queisser limit. STF candidates from a recent high-throughput search are analyzed in light of the efficiency limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Strubbe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America. Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA 95348, United States of America
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