1
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Nikitin PA, DiMuzio JM, Dowling JP, Patel NB, Bingaman-Steele JL, Heimbach BC, Henriquez N, Nicolescu C, Polley A, Sikorski EL, Howanski RJ, Nath M, Shukla H, Scheaffer SM, Finn JP, Liang LF, Smith T, Storm N, McKay LGA, Johnson RI, Malsick LE, Honko AN, Griffiths A, Diamond MS, Sarma P, Geising DH, Morin MJ, Robinson MK. IMM-BCP-01, a patient-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail, is active across variants of concern including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl9943. [PMID: 35771946 PMCID: PMC9273042 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl9943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are an efficacious therapy against SARS-CoV-2. However, rapid viral mutagenesis, led to escape from most of these therapies, outlining the need for an antibody cocktail with a broad neutralizing potency. Using an unbiased interrogation of the memory B cell repertoire of convalescent COVID-19 patients, we identified human antibodies with broad antiviral activity in vitro and efficacy in vivo against all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Delta, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Here, we describe an antibody cocktail IMM-BCP-01, that consists of three patient-derived broadly neutralizing antibodies directed at non-overlapping surfaces on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Two antibodies, IMM20184 and IMM20190, directly blocked Spike binding to the ACE2 receptor. Binding of the third antibody, IMM20253, to its cryptic epitope on the outer surface of RBD, altered the conformation of the Spike Trimer, promoting release of Spike monomers. These antibodies decreased Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters in vivo, and potently induced antiviral effector response in vitro, including phagocytosis, ADCC, and complement pathway activation. Our pre-clinical data demonstrated that the three antibody cocktail IMM-BCP-01 could be a promising means for preventing or treating infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suzanne M Scheaffer
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nadia Storm
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay G A McKay
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca I Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren E Malsick
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna N Honko
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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2
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DiMuzio JM, Heimbach BC, Howanski RJ, Dowling JP, Patel NB, Henriquez N, Nicolescu C, Nath M, Polley A, Bingaman JL, Smith T, Harman BC, Robinson MK, Morin MJ, Nikitin PA. Unbiased interrogation of memory B cells from convalescent COVID-19 patients reveals a broad antiviral humoral response targeting SARS-CoV-2 antigens beyond the spike protein. Vaccine X 2021; 8:100098. [PMID: 33937741 PMCID: PMC8064894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who recover from SARS-CoV-2 infections produce antibodies and antigen-specific T cells against multiple viral proteins. Here, an unbiased interrogation of the anti-viral memory B cell repertoire of convalescent patients has been performed by generating large, stable hybridoma libraries and screening thousands of monoclonal antibodies to identify specific, high-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs) directed at distinct viral components. As expected, a significant number of antibodies were directed at the Spike (S) protein, a majority of which recognized the full-length protein. These full-length Spike specific antibodies included a group of somatically hypermutated IgMs. Further, all but one of the six COVID-19 convalescent patients produced class-switched antibodies to a soluble form of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S protein. Functional properties of anti-Spike antibodies were confirmed in a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Importantly, more than half of all of the antibodies generated were directed at non-S viral proteins, including structural nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins, as well as auxiliary open reading frame-encoded (ORF) proteins. The antibodies were generally characterized as having variable levels of somatic hypermutations (SHM) in all Ig classes and sub-types, and a diversity of VL and VH gene usage. These findings demonstrated that an unbiased, function-based approach towards interrogating the COVID-19 patient memory B cell response may have distinct advantages relative to genomics-based approaches when identifying highly effective anti-viral antibodies directed at SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John P. Dowling
- Immunome, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 300, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | - Nirja B. Patel
- Immunome, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 300, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | | | - Chris Nicolescu
- Immunome, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 300, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | - Mitchell Nath
- Immunome, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 300, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | - Antonio Polley
- Immunome, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 300, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | | | - Todd Smith
- Immunome, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 300, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J. Morin
- Immunome, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 300, Exton, PA 19341, USA
| | - Pavel A. Nikitin
- Immunome, Inc., 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 300, Exton, PA 19341, USA
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3
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Rudd MT, Butcher JW, Nguyen KT, McIntyre CJ, Romano JJ, Gilbert KF, Bush KJ, Liverton NJ, Holloway MK, Harper S, Ferrara M, DiFilippo M, Summa V, Swestock J, Fritzen J, Carroll SS, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Gates A, Graham DJ, Huang Q, McClain S, McHale C, Stahlhut MW, Black S, Chase R, Soriano A, Fandozzi CM, Taylor A, Trainor N, Olsen DB, Coleman PJ, Ludmerer SW, McCauley JA. P2-quinazolinones and bis-macrocycles as new templates for next-generation hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease inhibitors: discovery of MK-2748 and MK-6325. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:727-35. [PMID: 25759009 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of identifying inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4a protease that are potent against a wide range of genotypes and clinically relevant mutant viruses, several subseries of macrocycles were investigated based on observations made during the discovery of MK-5172. Quinazolinone-containing macrocycles were identified as promising leads, and optimization for superior cross-genotype and mutant enzyme potency as well as rat liver and plasma concentrations following oral dosing, led to the development of MK-2748. Additional investigation of a series of bis-macrocycles containing a fused 18- and 15-membered ring system were also optimized for the same properties, leading to the discovery of MK-6325. Both compounds display the broad genotype and mutant potency necessary for clinical development as next-generation HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Rudd
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA (USA).
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4
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Rudd MT, McCauley JA, Romano JJ, Butcher JW, Bush K, McIntyre CJ, Nguyen KT, Gilbert KF, Lyle TA, Holloway MK, Wan BL, Vacca JP, Summa V, Harper S, Rowley M, Carroll SS, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Gates A, Graham DJ, Huang Q, Ludmerer SW, McClain S, McHale C, Stahlhut M, Fandozzi C, Taylor A, Trainor N, Olsen DB, Liverton NJ. Development of potent macrocyclic inhibitors of genotype 3a HCV NS3/4A protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Rudd MT, McIntyre CJ, Romano JJ, Butcher JW, Holloway MK, Bush K, Nguyen KT, Gilbert KF, Lyle TA, Liverton NJ, Wan BL, Summa V, Harper S, Rowley M, Vacca JP, Carroll SS, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Gates A, Graham DJ, Huang Q, Ludmerer SW, McClain S, McHale C, Stahlhut M, Fandozzi C, Taylor A, Trainor N, Olsen DB, McCauley JA. Development of macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease with cyclic constrained P2–P4 linkers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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6
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Harper S, McCauley JA, Rudd MT, Ferrara M, DiFilippo M, Crescenzi B, Koch U, Petrocchi A, Holloway MK, Butcher JW, Romano JJ, Bush KJ, Gilbert KF, McIntyre CJ, Nguyen KT, Nizi E, Carroll SS, Ludmerer SW, Burlein C, DiMuzio JM, Graham DJ, McHale CM, Stahlhut MW, Olsen DB, Monteagudo E, Cianetti S, Giuliano C, Pucci V, Trainor N, Fandozzi CM, Rowley M, Coleman PJ, Vacca JP, Summa V, Liverton NJ. Discovery of MK-5172, a Macrocyclic Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:332-6. [PMID: 24900473 DOI: 10.1021/ml300017p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitors containing a P2 to P4 macrocyclic constraint was designed using a molecular modeling-derived strategy. Building on the profile of previous clinical compounds and exploring the P2 and linker regions of the series allowed for optimization of broad genotype and mutant enzyme potency, cellular activity, and rat liver exposure following oral dosing. These studies led to the identification of clinical candidate 15 (MK-5172), which is active against genotype 1-3 NS3/4a and clinically relevant mutant enzymes and has good plasma exposure and excellent liver exposure in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Harper
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - John A. McCauley
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael T. Rudd
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrara
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello DiFilippo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Crescenzi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Uwe Koch
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Petrocchi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Katharine Holloway
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - John W. Butcher
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph J. Romano
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kimberly J. Bush
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin F. Gilbert
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles J. McIntyre
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin T. Nguyen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Nizi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven S. Carroll
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven W. Ludmerer
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Burlein
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Jillian M. DiMuzio
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Donald J. Graham
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolyn M. McHale
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark W. Stahlhut
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - David B. Olsen
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Cianetti
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Giuliano
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pucci
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Trainor
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine M. Fandozzi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Rowley
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul J. Coleman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph P. Vacca
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Antiviral Research, §Drug Metabolism, and ∥Chemistry, Modeling
and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
- Departments of ⊥Medicinal
Chemistry, #Drug
Metabolism, and ∇Molecular Modeling, IRBM, Merck Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
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7
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Rudd MT, McCauley JA, Butcher JW, Romano JJ, McIntyre CJ, Nguyen KT, Gilbert KF, Bush KJ, Holloway MK, Swestock J, Wan BL, Carroll SS, DiMuzio JM, Graham DJ, Ludmerer SW, Stahlhut MW, Fandozzi CM, Trainor N, Olsen DB, Vacca JP, Liverton NJ. Discovery of MK-1220: A Macrocyclic Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease with Improved Preclinical Plasma Exposure. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:207-12. [PMID: 24900304 DOI: 10.1021/ml1002426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of MK-1220 is reported along with the development of a series of HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors containing a P2 to P4 macrocyclic constraint with improved preclinical pharmacokinetics. Optimization of the P2 heterocycle substitution pattern as well as the P3 amino acid led to compounds with greatly improved plasma exposure following oral dosing in both rats and dogs while maintaining excellent enzyme potency and cellular activity. These studies led to the identification of MK-1220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Rudd
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John A. McCauley
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John W. Butcher
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Joseph J. Romano
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Charles J. McIntyre
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kevin T. Nguyen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kevin F. Gilbert
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Bush
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - M. Katharine Holloway
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - John Swestock
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Bang-Lin Wan
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Steven S. Carroll
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jillian M. DiMuzio
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Donald J. Graham
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Steven W. Ludmerer
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mark W. Stahlhut
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Christine M. Fandozzi
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Nicole Trainor
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - David B. Olsen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Joseph P. Vacca
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Molecular Systems, §Antiviral Research, and ∥Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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McCauley JA, McIntyre CJ, Rudd MT, Nguyen KT, Romano JJ, Butcher JW, Gilbert KF, Bush KJ, Holloway MK, Swestock J, Wan BL, Carroll SS, DiMuzio JM, Graham DJ, Ludmerer SW, Mao SS, Stahlhut MW, Fandozzi CM, Trainor N, Olsen DB, Vacca JP, Liverton NJ. Discovery of Vaniprevir (MK-7009), a Macrocyclic Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2443-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9015526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Harper S, Ferrara M, Crescenzi B, Pompei M, Palumbi MC, DiMuzio JM, Donghi M, Fiore F, Koch U, Liverton NJ, Pesci S, Petrocchi A, Rowley M, Summa V, Gardelli C. Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease with Basic Amine Functionality at the P3-Amino Acid N-Terminus: Discovery and Optimization of a New Series of P2−P4 Macrocycles. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4820-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900372w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Harper
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrara
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Crescenzi
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pompei
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Palumbi
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Jillian M. DiMuzio
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Donghi
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fiore
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Uwe Koch
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Nigel J. Liverton
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesci
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Petrocchi
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Rowley
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Gardelli
- IRBM (Merck Research Laboratories Rome), Via Pontina km 30,600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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Pietrak BL, Crouthamel MC, Tugusheva K, Lineberger JE, Xu M, DiMuzio JM, Steele T, Espeseth AS, Stachel SJ, Coburn CA, Graham SL, Vacca JP, Shi XP, Simon AJ, Hazuda DJ, Lai MT. Biochemical and cell-based assays for characterization of BACE-1 inhibitors. Anal Biochem 2005; 342:144-51. [PMID: 15958191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of beta-amyloid peptides (A beta42 and A beta40) in neuritic plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A beta peptides are derived from sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretases. BACE-1 has been shown to be the major beta-secretase and is a primary therapeutic target for AD. In this article, two novel assays for the characterization of BACE-1 inhibitors are reported. The first is a sensitive 96-well HPLC biochemical assay that uses a unique substrate containing an optimized peptide cleavage sequence, NFEV, spanning from the P2-P2' positions This substrate was processed by BACE-1 approximately 10 times more efficiently than was the widely used substrate containing the Swedish (NLDA) sequence. As a result, the concentration of the enzyme required for the assay can be as low as 100 pM, permitting the evaluation of inhibitors with subnanomolar potency. The assay has also been applied to related aspartyl proteases such as cathepsin D (Cat D) and BACE-2. The second assay is a homogeneous electrochemiluminescence assay for the evaluation of BACE-1 inhibition in cultured cells that assesses the level of secreted amyloid EV40_NF from HEK293T cells stably transfected with APP containing the novel NFEV sequence. To illustrate the use of these assays, the properties of a potent, cell-active BACE-1 inhibitor are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Pietrak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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