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Malcolm J, Nyirenda MH, Brown JL, Adrados-Planell A, Campbell L, Butcher JP, Glass DG, Piela K, Goodyear CS, Wright AJ, McInnes IB, Millington OR, Culshaw S. C-terminal citrullinated peptide alters antigen-specific APC:T cell interactions leading to breach of immune tolerance. J Autoimmun 2023; 135:102994. [PMID: 36706535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis, the emergence of anti-citrullinated autoimmunity is associated with HLA-antigen-T cell receptor complexes. The precise mechanisms underpinning this breach of tolerance are not well understood. Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses an enzyme capable of non-endogenous C-terminal citrullination with potential to generate citrullinated autoantigens. Here we document how C-terminal citrullination of ovalbumin peptide323-339 alters the interaction between antigen-presenting cells and OTII T cells to induce functional changes in responding T cells. These data reveal that C-terminal citrullination is sufficient to breach T cell peripheral tolerance in vivo and reveal the potential of C-terminal citrullination to lower the threshold for T cell activation. Finally, we demonstrate a role for the IL-2/STAT5/CD25 signalling axis in breach of tolerance. Together, our data identify a tractable mechanism and targetable pathways underpinning breach of tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis and provide new conceptual insight into the origins of anti-citrullinated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malcolm
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - M H Nyirenda
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Research Into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Universities of Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle and Oxford, UK
| | - J L Brown
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Adrados-Planell
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Genomics and Health, FISABIO Foundation, Avda Cataluña 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Campbell
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Butcher
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - D G Glass
- Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - K Piela
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - C S Goodyear
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Research Into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), Universities of Glasgow, Birmingham, Newcastle and Oxford, UK
| | - A J Wright
- Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Optics and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - I B McInnes
- Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O R Millington
- Centre for Biophotonics, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK; Centre for Immunobiology, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Malcolm J, Sultan Z, Bukhari M. POS1145 PREDICTORS OF FRACTURE IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL BONE DENSITY, AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough most fragility fractures occur in osteoporotic patients, fractures of the lumbar spine and the femora are also common in patients with normal bone mineral density (BMD). A number of risk factors are known to be associated with fractures in patients with reduced BMD. However, risk factors for fractures in patients with normal BMD remain relatively unexplored.ObjectivesEvaluate the risk factors associated with fractures in patients with a normal BMD (T-score ≥ -1.00) in the lumbar spine and right and left femur in an observational cohortMethodsData was collected from patients attending a District General Hospital in the Northwest of England for a DEXA scan between 2004 to 2019. Patients with a T-score ≥-1.00 in L1-4 and the right and left femur were included. Chi-squared test and Student’s t-test were used to compare risk factors in patients with and without fractures. A series of logistic regression models that adjusted for age and sex were then fitted to determine risk factors associated with a fracture. Area under the ROC curve was calculated for each model. Ethical approval was obtained from the Northwest Regional Ethics Committee.Results6,504 patients were included in analysis, 1,491 (22.9%) of whom had a fracture. Mean age (SD) at scan was 58.64 (12.98) years and 5,347 (82.2%) were female. Risk factors and their association with fracture occurrence after adjusting for age and sex are shown in Table 1. Weight, BMI, and current alcohol use were statistically significantly (p <0.05) associated with increased risk of fracture. History of Rheumatoid Arthritis, steroid use, and increased T-score in L1-4 or the right or left femur were statistically significantly (p <0.05) associated with decreased risk of fracture.Table 1.Logistic regression with adjustment for age and sexCharacteristicOdds ratio (95% confidence interval)P-valueAUCHeight, cm1.006 (0.997, 1.016)0.1760.5666Weight, kg1.010 (1.007, 1.014)0.0000.5804BMI1.027 (1.016, 1.037)0.0000.5773Current smoker1.164 (0.975, 1.389)0.0940.5664Previous smoker1.120 (0.976, 1.284)0.1060.5672Current excess alcohol use1.299 (1.033, 1.634)0.0250.5668Pervious excess alcohol use1.441 (0.943, 2.202)0.0910.5664History of Rheumatoid Arthritis0.674 (0.520, 0.874)0.0030.5708Current steroid use0.498 (0.406, 0.611)0.0000.5911Previous steroid use0.796 (0.669, 0.946)0.0100.5682Mean T-score L10.929 (0.880, 0.980)0.0070.5698Mean T-score L20.917 (0.874, 0.961)0.0000.5734Mean T-score L30.906 (0.868, 0.947)0.0000.5758Mean T-score L40.925 (0.889, 0.962)0.0000.5734Mean T-score left neck of femur0.866 (0.803, 0.933)0.0000.5662Mean T-score total left femur0.839 (0.780, 0.902)0.0000.5710Mean T-score right neck of femur0.847 (0.785, 0.914)0.0000.5672Mean T-score total right femur0.839 (0.779, 0.904)0.0000.5723ConclusionIn the FRAX tool, increased weight is considered protective against fractures, and steroid use and Rheumatoid Arthritis are thought to increase fracture risk. In our cohort of patients with normal BMD, patients with increased weight had a higher risk of fracture, and patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and steroid use had a decreased fracture risk.While there is overlap in the risk factors associated with fractures in patients with reduced BMD and normal BMD, our study suggests that some characteristics protective of fractures in osteoporotic patients may increase the risk of fracture in patients with a normal BMD.References[1]Siris ES, et al. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 1108-1112.www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Brown JL, Campbell L, Malcolm J, Adrados Planell A, Butcher JP, Culshaw S. Enrichment of Innate Lymphoid Cell Populations in Gingival Tissue. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1399-1405. [PMID: 29928824 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518782141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of lymphocytes that act as the first line of immunologic defense at mucosal surfaces. The ILC family in the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tissues has been investigated, and there are reports of individual subsets of ILCs in the oral tissues. We sought to investigate the whole ILC population (group 1, 2, and 3 subsets) in the murine gingivae and the lymph nodes draining the oral cavity. We show that ILCs made up a greater proportion of the whole CD45+ lymphocyte population in the murine gingivae (0.356% ± 0.039%) as compared with the proportion of ILCs in the draining lymph nodes (0.158% ± 0.005%). Cytokine profiling of the ILC populations demonstrated different proportions of ILC subsets in the murine gingivae versus the regional lymph nodes. The majority of ILCs in the draining lymph nodes expressed IL-5, whereas there were equal proportions of IFN-γ- and IL-5 expressing ILCs in the oral mucosa. The percentage of IL-17+ ILCs was comparable between the murine gingivae and the oral draining lymph nodes. These data suggest an enrichment of ILCs in the murine gingivae, and these ILCs reflect a cytokine profile discrepant to that of the local draining lymph nodes. These studies indicate diversity and enrichment of ILCs at the oral mucosal surface. The function of ILCs in the oral cavity remains to be determined; here, we provide a premise of ILC populations that merits future consideration in investigations of mouse models and human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Brown
- 1 Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK.,2 Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Campbell
- 2 Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Malcolm
- 2 Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Adrados Planell
- 2 Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Butcher
- 1 Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK.,3 Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Culshaw
- 2 Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Reid R, Malcolm J, LeBlanc A, Wooding E, Aitken D, Arbeau D, Blanchard C, Gagnier J, Geertsma A, Gupta A, Mullen K, Oh P, Papadakis S, Tulloch H, Pipe A. A PROSPECTIVE CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED TRIAL TO IMPLEMENT THE OTTAWA MODEL FOR SMOKING CESSATION IN DIABETES EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN CANADA. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Middlebrook AJ, Snowden E, Porter W, Hahn F, Ferguson M, Soper B, Keck J, Malcolm J, Dillmore S, Ghanekar S, Blaesius R. Abstract 1656: Comprehensive evaluation of human immune system reconstitution in NSGTM and NSGTM-SGM3 toward the development of a novel Onco-HuTM xenograft model. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The recent successes of immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of melanoma and the promise of similar treatments in a variety of other cancers underscore the importance of the immune system in cancer. Indeed, effective therapeutic design and evaluation require a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between the immune compartment and the proliferating tumor cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment. A humanized mouse strain engrafted with cancerous tissue from a patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumor provides researchers with a highly sophisticated tool, ideally suited to facilitate the design of treatment strategies that prevent tumor evasion of immune cells and that improve cytotoxic responses. Severely combined immunodeficient mice such as NOD scid gamma (NSGTM) and triple transgenic NSG mice expressing human cytokines KITLG, CSF2, and IL-3 (NSGTM-SGM3) are proven hosts for the engraftment of human tumors and establishment of human immune system components following hematopoietic stem cell (CD34+) transplantation. The endogenous expression of cytokines that support the development of myeloid lineages and regulatory T cells potentially represents a substantial improvement over standard NSG mice. Here we employ four 14-color flow cytometry panels to perform a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the entire immune system. The four panels are designed to fully characterize specific branches of the immune system: 1) T cells 2) NK cells/dendritic cells/B cells 3) myeloid lineages, and 4) immune checkpoint markers. Blood, spleen, and bone marrow tissue from both NSG and NSG-SGM3 mice were evaluated at 9, 16, 21, and 31 weeks of age using each of the four phenotyping panels. Our results indicate that the triple transgenic NSG-SGM3 mice exhibit a more completely humanized immune system compared to NSG mice, with specific improvements in the distribution of T-cell subsets and overall representation of the myeloid lineage. NSG mice engrafted with allogeneic human tumors represent a valuable preclinical testing platform for immuno-oncology.
Citation Format: Aaron J. Middlebrook, Eileen Snowden, Warren Porter, Friedrich Hahn, Mitchell Ferguson, Brian Soper, James Keck, Joan Malcolm, Shannon Dillmore, Smita Ghanekar, Rainer Blaesius. Comprehensive evaluation of human immune system reconstitution in NSGTM and NSGTM-SGM3 toward the development of a novel Onco-HuTM xenograft model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1656. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1656
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Weisbrod A, Bjork A, McLaughlin D, Federle T, McDonough K, Malcolm J, Cina R. Framework for evaluating sustainably sourced renewable materials. Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/16258312.2016.1258895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Weisbrod
- Global Product Stewardship, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A. Bjork
- Sustainable Food, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D. McLaughlin
- Sustainable Food, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T. Federle
- Global Product Stewardship, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | - K. McDonough
- Global Product Stewardship, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | - J. Malcolm
- Private Sector Engagement, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R. Cina
- Purchasing Group Manager, Sustainable Materials, The Procter & Gamble Company, Switzerland SARL, Petit-Lancy, Switzerland
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Helm S, Ras A, Spotlow V, Kelly K, Mockus S, Statz C, Ananda G, Malcolm J, Tsongalis GJ. Abstract 3630: Validation of the Archer FusionPlex solid tumor panel in the JAX cancer treatment profileTM. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-3630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: A comprehensive somatic tumor profile with associated treatment selection options requires the detection of gene fusions. After evaluating the clinical utility of multiple methods of gene fusion detection, it was determined that the Archer FusionPlex Solid Tumor Panel (AFPSTP) best compliments the JAX Cancer Treatment ProfileTM (JAX-CTPTM) clinical test in terms of workflow, specimen requirements and turnaround time. Here we describe our analytical validation process for the AFPSTP assay.
Methods: AFPSTP was validated using 24 samples: 5 JAX Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) cases, 4 translocation positive controls, 2 FFPE cancer samples, 1 normal tissue sample, and 12 cell lines. Nine of the cell lines were previously identified as positive for fusion transcripts and 3 lacked detectable fusion events. The validation was executed in 5 phases: (1) confirm that AFPSTP was able to detect known fusion or lack of fusion events in characterized specimens; (2) determine inter-assay concordance; (3) determine intra-assay concordance; (4) LOD and (5) sensitivity.
Results: The fusion detection results for this validation are listed in Table 1. All but one of these fusion events was previously identified. The one novel fusion was confirmed using TaqMan RT-PCR. In addition to the expected fusions, 4 false positive events were detected, 2 due to mispriming and 2 determined to be WT read through transcripts. The fusion detection inter and intra-assay concordance was found to be 100% and the sensitivity was calculated to be 91.67% at a LOD of 5%.
Conclusion: This analysis outlines the clinical validation of the incorporation of AFPSTP into the JAX-CTPTM test system. Once incorporated, the AFPSTP assay will accomplish the goal of making JAX-CTPTM a more comprehensive somatic tumor profiling assay without affecting the current acceptable turnaround time or required input material. List of 15 samples that were found to be fusion positive and the corresponding detected fusion.HorizonDx EML4/ALK PositiveEML4 → ALK variant 1HorizonDx RET PositiveCCDC6 → RETHorizonDx ROS PositiveSLC34A2 → ROS1HorizonDx Triple PositiveEML4 → ALK variant 3bHorizonDx Triple PositiveSLC34A2 → ROS1HorizonDx Triple PositiveCCDC6 → RETA673 Cell LineEWSR1 → FLI1VCaP Cell LineTMPRSS2 → ERGKM-12 Cell LineTPM3 → NTRK1RPMI-2650 Cell LineBRD4 → NUTM1NCI-H716 Cell LineFGFR2 → COL14A1OCI-AML2 Cell LineMBNL1 → RAF1REH Cell LineETV6 → RUNX1MDA-MB-175-VII Cell LineTENM4 → NRG1ASPS-1 Cell LineTFE3 → ASPSCR1ASPS-1 Cell LineASPSCR1 → TFE3PDX1EML4 → ALK 3bPDX2SYN2 → PPARG
Citation Format: Samantha Helm, Aleksandra Ras, Vanessa Spotlow, Kevin Kelly, Susan Mockus, Cara Statz, Guruprasad Ananda, Joan Malcolm, Gregory J. Tsongalis. Validation of the Archer FusionPlex solid tumor panel in the JAX cancer treatment profileTM. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3630.
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Ramage G, Lappin DF, Millhouse E, Malcolm J, Jose A, Yang J, Bradshaw DJ, Pratten JR, Culshaw S. The epithelial cell response to health and disease associated oral biofilm models. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:325-333. [PMID: 27330034 PMCID: PMC5412879 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Different bacteria differentially stimulate epithelial cells. Biofilm composition and viability are likely to influence the epithelial response. In vitro model systems are commonly used to investigate periodontitis‐associated bacteria and their interactions with the host; therefore, understanding factors that influence biofilm–cell interactions is essential. The present study aimed to develop in vitro monospecies and multispecies biofilms and investigate the epithelial response to these biofilms. Material and Methods Bacterial biofilms were cultured in vitro and then either live or methanol‐fixed biofilms were co‐cultured with epithelial cells. Changes in epithelial cell viability, gene expression and cytokine content of culture supernatants were evaluated. Results Bacterial viability was better preserved within mixed‐species biofilm culture than within single‐species biofilm culture. Both mixed‐ and single‐species biofilms stimulated increased expression of mRNA for interleukin 8 (IL8), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CXCL3), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), interleukin 1 (IL1), interleukin 6 (IL6), colony‐stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and the response was greatest in response to mixed‐species biofilms. Following co‐culture, cytokines detected in the supernatants included IL‐8, IL‐6, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, with the greatest release of cytokines found following co‐culture with methanol‐fixed, mixed‐species biofilms. Conclusions These data show that epithelial cells generate a distinct cytokine gene‐ and protein‐expression signature in response to live or fixed, single‐ or multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D F Lappin
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Millhouse
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Malcolm
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Jose
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - J Yang
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - D J Bradshaw
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - J R Pratten
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - S Culshaw
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Spotlow V, Kelly K, Ras A, Helm S, Malcolm J, Tsongalis GJ. Simultaneous extraction of DNA and total RNA from varying specimen types to enhance tissue utilization for molecular analysis. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.e23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Kelly
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Aleksandra Ras
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Samantha Helm
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Joan Malcolm
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
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Malcolm J, Millington O, Millhouse E, Campbell L, Adrados Planell A, Butcher JP, Lawrence C, Ross K, Ramage G, McInnes IB, Culshaw S. Mast Cells Contribute to Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced Bone Loss. J Dent Res 2016; 95:704-10. [PMID: 26933137 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516634630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory and bone-destructive disease. Development of periodontitis is associated with dysbiosis of the microbial community, which may be caused by periodontal bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis Mast cells are sentinels at mucosal surfaces and are a potent source of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factors (TNF), although their role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains to be elucidated. This study sought to determine the contribution of mast cells to local bone destruction following oral infection with P. gingivalis Mast cell-deficient mice (Kit(W-sh/W-sh)) were protected from P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss, with a reduction in anti-P. gingivalis serum antibody titers compared with wild-type infected controls. Furthermore, mast cell-deficient mice had reduced expression of Tnf, Il6, and Il1b mRNA in gingival tissues compared with wild-type mice. Mast cell-engrafted Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice infected with P. gingivalis demonstrated alveolar bone loss and serum anti-P. gingivalis antibody titers equivalent to wild-type infected mice. The expression of Tnf mRNA in gingival tissues of Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice was elevated following the engraftment of mast cells, indicating that mast cells contributed to the Tnf transcript in gingival tissues. In vitro, mast cells degranulated and released significant TNF in response to oral bacteria, and neutralizing TNF in vivo abrogated alveolar bone loss following P. gingivalis infection. These data indicate that mast cells and TNF contribute to the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis and may offer therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malcolm
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O Millington
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Millhouse
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L Campbell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Adrados Planell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Butcher
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science & Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - C Lawrence
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - K Ross
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Ramage
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Culshaw
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Campbell L, Millhouse E, Malcolm J, Culshaw S. T cells, teeth and tissue destruction - what do T cells do in periodontal disease? Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:445-456. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Campbell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - E. Millhouse
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - J. Malcolm
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - S. Culshaw
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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Mockus SM, Ananda G, Lundquist M, Spotlow V, Simons A, Mitchell T, Stafford GA, Potter CS, Philip V, Stearns T, Srivastava A, Barter M, Rowe L, Malcolm J, Bult C, Katuturi RKM, Rasmussen K, Hinerfeld D. Abstract 4816: Design, validation, and interpretation of an NGS assay for actionable variants in solid tumors. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Jackson Laboratory Cancer Treatment Profile™ (JAX-CTP™) is a next generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular diagnostic assay that detects actionable gene variants in solid tumors to inform the selection of targeted therapeutics for cancer treatment. We will describe the design of the 358- gene panel, analytical validation, and the curation and clinical reporting of actionable variants. Selection of the gene panel was based on known drug targets, casual implications in cancer, and a thorough pathway analysis. DNA is extracted from FFPE tumor samples and using hybrid capture, the genes of interest are enriched and sequenced on Illumina HiSeq 2500 or MiSeq sequencers. FASTQ files generated from Illumina's CASAVA software are submitted to the JAX Clinical Genome Analytics (CGA) data analysis pipeline to perform automated read quality assessment, alignment, and variant calling. Identified variants are then submitted for clinical curation using a combination of the in-house JAX Clinical Knowledgebase (CKB) and the external Genetic Variant Annotation (GVA) from CollabRx. Once clinically annotated, the variants are graded relative to their clinical utility for the specific tumor type and compiled into a clinical report to inform patient treatment. Extensive analytical validation, following CAP guidelines, was conducted to assess limit of detection, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of the assay. The summarized optimized sensitivity of the assay is a minimum coverage of samples at 300X, a limit of detection of 10% for SNP’s/indels and ≥6 copies for CNV’s, and an average of 3-4 actionable variants per sample. The challenges of interpreting gene variants for clinical actionability and for establishing an analytically valid bioinformatic pipeline will be discussed in-depth.
Citation Format: Susan M. Mockus, Guruprasad Ananda, Micaela Lundquist, Vanessa Spotlow, Al Simons, Talia Mitchell, Grace A. Stafford, Christopher S. Potter, Vivek Philip, Timothy Stearns, Anuj Srivastava, Mary Barter, Lucy Rowe, Joan Malcolm, Carol Bult, Radha Krishna Murthy Katuturi, Karen Rasmussen, Douglas Hinerfeld. Design, validation, and interpretation of an NGS assay for actionable variants in solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4816. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4816
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Mockus
- 1The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Vanessa Spotlow
- 1The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Al Simons
- 2The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genomics, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Talia Mitchell
- 1The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Vivek Philip
- 2The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genomics, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Timothy Stearns
- 2The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genomics, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Anuj Srivastava
- 2The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genomics, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Mary Barter
- 2The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genomics, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Lucy Rowe
- 2The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genomics, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Joan Malcolm
- 1The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Carol Bult
- 2The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genomics, Bar Harbor, ME
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14
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Malcolm J, Mein S, McNiven A, Letourneau D, Oldham M. SU-D-213-05: Design, Evaluation and First Applications of a Off-Site State-Of-The-Art 3D Dosimetry System. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Malcolm J, Boss K, Dewhirst M, Oldham M. WE-EF-BRA-11: Precision Partial-Tumor Irradiation of Dorsal Rodent Mammary Tumors. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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16
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Malcolm J, Awang RA, Oliver-Bell J, Butcher JP, Campbell L, Adrados Planell A, Lappin DF, Fukada SY, Nile CJ, Liew FY, Culshaw S. IL-33 Exacerbates Periodontal Disease through Induction of RANKL. J Dent Res 2015; 94:968-75. [PMID: 25808546 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515577815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines mediate the balance between protective and destructive immunity in periodontitis. We sought to investigate the role of IL-33 in periodontitis. The expression of IL-33 in gingival tissue from healthy controls (n = 10) and patients with chronic periodontitis (n = 17) was investigated. Based on a murine model of periodontal disease, the function of IL-33 was determined first by administration of exogenous IL-33 and second by inhibition of IL-33 signaling using mice deficient in the IL-33 receptor ST2. Alveolar bone level, serum antibody, and lymphocyte responses were assessed in the murine model. Expression of IL-33 and ST2 was elevated in gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis as compared with healthy tissues (P < 0.05). Similarly, Il33 expression was higher in periodontal tissues of Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected mice as compared with sham-infected controls (P < 0.05). IL-33 treatment of P. gingivalis-infected mice significantly exacerbated alveolar bone loss when compared with infection or IL-33 treatment alone (P < 0.001). Conversely, P. gingivalis infection-induced alveolar bone loss was attenuated in mice lacking ST2. The percentages of T and B lymphocytes expressing nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in the gingival tissues and T lymphocytes expressing RANKL in the cervical draining lymph nodes were higher in IL-33-treated P. gingivalis-infected mice versus phosphate buffered saline-treated P. gingivalis-infected controls (all P < 0.001). Targeting the RANKL pathway by osteoprotegerin administration abrogated periodontal bone destruction in P. gingivalis-infected, IL-33-treated mice. These data demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for IL-33 in exacerbating bone loss in a RANKL-dependent manner in the context of bacterial infection and suggest that this pathway may be amenable to manipulation as a novel therapeutic target in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malcolm
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - R A Awang
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - J Oliver-Bell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Butcher
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - L Campbell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - A Adrados Planell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - D F Lappin
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - S Y Fukada
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C J Nile
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - F Y Liew
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - S Culshaw
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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Ananda G, Mockus S, Lundquist M, Spotlow V, Simons A, Mitchell T, Stafford G, Philip V, Stearns T, Srivastava A, Barter M, Rowe L, Malcolm J, Bult C, Karuturi RKM, Rasmussen K, Hinerfeld D. Development and validation of the JAX Cancer Treatment Profile™ for detection of clinically actionable mutations in solid tumors. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:106-12. [PMID: 25562415 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continued development of targeted therapeutics for cancer treatment has required the concomitant development of more expansive methods for the molecular profiling of the patient's tumor. We describe the validation of the JAX Cancer Treatment Profile™ (JAX-CTP™), a next generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular diagnostic assay that detects actionable mutations in solid tumors to inform the selection of targeted therapeutics for cancer treatment. METHODS NGS libraries are generated from DNA extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumors. Using hybrid capture, the genes of interest are enriched and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 or MiSeq sequencers followed by variant detection and functional and clinical annotation for the generation of a clinical report. RESULTS The JAX-CTP™ detects actionable variants, in the form of single nucleotide variations and small insertions and deletions (≤50 bp) in 190 genes in specimens with a neoplastic cell content of ≥10%. The JAX-CTP™ is also validated for the detection of clinically actionable gene amplifications. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of consensus in the molecular diagnostics field on the best method for the validation of NGS-based assays in oncology, thus the importance of communicating methods, as contained in this report. The growing number of targeted therapeutics and the complexity of the tumor genome necessitate continued development and refinement of advanced assays for tumor profiling to enable precision cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruprasad Ananda
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Susan Mockus
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Micaela Lundquist
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Vanessa Spotlow
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Al Simons
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Talia Mitchell
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Grace Stafford
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Vivek Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Timothy Stearns
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Anuj Srivastava
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Mary Barter
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Lucy Rowe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Joan Malcolm
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Carol Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Karen Rasmussen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Douglas Hinerfeld
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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Oliver-Bell J, Butcher J, Malcolm J, MacLeod M, Adrados Planell A, Campbell L, Nibbs R, Garside P, McInnes I, Culshaw S. Periodontitis in the absence of B cells and specific anti-bacterial antibody. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 30:160-9. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Oliver-Bell
- Institute of Infection Immunology and Inflammation; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - J.P. Butcher
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research; School of Science; University of the West of Scotland; Paisley UK
| | - J. Malcolm
- Institute of Infection Immunology and Inflammation; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - M.K.L. MacLeod
- Institute of Infection Immunology and Inflammation; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - A. Adrados Planell
- Institute of Infection Immunology and Inflammation; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - L. Campbell
- Institute of Infection Immunology and Inflammation; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - R.J.B. Nibbs
- Institute of Infection Immunology and Inflammation; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - P. Garside
- Institute of Infection Immunology and Inflammation; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - I.B. McInnes
- Institute of Infection Immunology and Inflammation; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - S. Culshaw
- Infection and Immunity Research Group; Glasgow Dental School; School of Medicine; College of Medical; Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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Malcolm J, Sherriff A, Lappin DF, Ramage G, Conway DI, Macpherson LMD, Culshaw S. Salivary antimicrobial proteins associate with age-related changes in streptococcal composition in dental plaque. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:284-93. [PMID: 24890264 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) and salivary antibodies can modify biofilm formation at host body surfaces. In adolescents, associations have been reported between dental caries and salivary AMPs. AMPs demonstrate direct antimicrobial effects at high concentrations, and at lower more physiological concentrations they mediate changes in host cell defenses, which may alter the local environment and indirectly shape local biofilm formation. The expression of salivary AMPs in preschool children, at an age when the oral bacteria are known to change, has not been investigated. We sought to investigate salivary AMP expression in the context of previously well-documented changes in the oral cavities of this age group including salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), oral bacteria and dental caries. Dental plaque and saliva were collected from 57 children aged 12-24 months at baseline, of whom 23 children were followed-up at 3 years of age. At each time, saliva was assessed for LL37, human neutrophil peptides 1-3, calprotectin, lactoferrin, salivary IgA, total plaque bacteria and Streptococcus mutans. Over time, concentrations of AMPs, S. mutans and bacteria-specific salivary IgA increased. Caries experience was also recorded when children were 3 years old. Concentrations of AMPs were highest in the saliva of 3-year-old children with the greatest burden of S. mutans. These data suggest that salivary AMPs are variable over time and between individuals, and are linked with bacterial colonization. At follow up, the majority of children remained caries free. Larger longitudinal studies are required to confirm whether salivary AMP levels are predictive of caries and whether their modulation offers therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malcolm
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Bache S, Malcolm J, Adamovics J, Oldham M. SU-E-J-164: An Investigation of a Low-Cost ‘dry’ Optical-CT Scanning System for 3D Dosimetry. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Müntinga H, Ahlers H, Krutzik M, Wenzlawski A, Arnold S, Becker D, Bongs K, Dittus H, Duncker H, Gaaloul N, Gherasim C, Giese E, Grzeschik C, Hänsch TW, Hellmig O, Herr W, Herrmann S, Kajari E, Kleinert S, Lämmerzahl C, Lewoczko-Adamczyk W, Malcolm J, Meyer N, Nolte R, Peters A, Popp M, Reichel J, Roura A, Rudolph J, Schiemangk M, Schneider M, Seidel ST, Sengstock K, Tamma V, Valenzuela T, Vogel A, Walser R, Wendrich T, Windpassinger P, Zeller W, van Zoest T, Ertmer W, Schleich WP, Rasel EM. Interferometry with Bose-Einstein condensates in microgravity. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:093602. [PMID: 23496709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.093602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Atom interferometers covering macroscopic domains of space-time are a spectacular manifestation of the wave nature of matter. Because of their unique coherence properties, Bose-Einstein condensates are ideal sources for an atom interferometer in extended free fall. In this Letter we report on the realization of an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer operated with a Bose-Einstein condensate in microgravity. The resulting interference pattern is similar to the one in the far field of a double slit and shows a linear scaling with the time the wave packets expand. We employ delta-kick cooling in order to enhance the signal and extend our atom interferometer. Our experiments demonstrate the high potential of interferometers operated with quantum gases for probing the fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Müntinga
- ZARM, Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Alberga A, Prud’homme D, Kenny G, Goldfield G, Hadjiyannakis S, Malcolm J, Sigal R. Do Canadian obese adolescents who meet the recommended sedentary behavior guidelines have higher resting metabolism and fitness? J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Treloar CJ, Higginbotham N, Malcolm J, Sutherland D, Berenger S. An 'Academic Detailing' Intervention To Decrease Exposure to HIV Infection among Health-care Workers. J Health Psychol 2012; 1:455-68. [PMID: 22012320 DOI: 10.1177/135910539600100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This intervention aimed to decrease health-care workers' experience of automatic pilot (mindless functioning) when performing high risk procedures. An academic detailing visit resulted in a significant increase in compliance with safety guidelines and a decreased incidence of other unsafe practices among 80 health care workers of two hospital units. The effects of mindlessness on health behaviour may be far reaching and the model described in this paper can be used to develop appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Treloar
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
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24
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Malcolm J, Todd S, Todd P. Ian Douglas Hutchinson Todd. West J Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Butcher J, Malcolm J, Benson R, Deng D, Brewer J, Garside P, Culshaw S. Effects of Streptococcus mutans on Dendritic Cell Activation and Function. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1221-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034511412970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite existing preventive and therapeutic measures, caries remains a ubiquitous infectious disease. Vaccine studies suggest that an adaptive immune response, culminating in effective antibody production, may reduce an individual’s susceptibility to caries. However, the efficacy of the immune response elicited by mutans streptococci in the oral cavity remains controversial. A greater understanding of the early stages of the adaptive immune response to cariogenic bacteria may potentially assist therapeutic targeting and design. We therefore sought to characterize dendritic cell (DC) activation and antigen presentation following Streptococcus mutans exposure. We found that S. mutans up-regulated DC expression of co-stimulatory molecules and MHCII in vitro and that DCs effectively processed and presented exogenously administered antigen. These DCs effectively initiated T-cell proliferation, but this was abrogated by live bacteria. The in vitro DC activation effects were not mirrored in vivo, where DCs in draining lymph nodes did not mature following oral exposure to S. mutans. Analysis of these data provides a model for studying antigen uptake from the oral cavity and evidence that, in vitro, S. mutans activates dendritic cells, a critical event for initiating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.P. Butcher
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - J. Malcolm
- University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.A. Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - D.M. Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.M. Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - P. Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - S. Culshaw
- University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, United Kingdom
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Shea AK, Shah BR, Clark HD, Malcolm J, Walker M, Karovitch A, Keely J. The effectiveness of implementing a reminder system into routine clinical practice: does it increase postpartum screening in women with gestational diabetes? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.31.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
During regular care, women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rarely receive the recommended screening test for type 2 diabetes, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT), in the postpartum period. The current study examined whether the implementation of a reminder system improved screening rates.
Methods
Based on our previous randomized control trial, we implemented a postpartum reminder (letter or phone call) protocol into routine care at two of three clinical sites. We verified postpartum testing by searching hospital laboratory databases and by linking to the provincial physician service claims database. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who underwent an OGTT within 6 months of delivery.
Results
Women who received care in a setting using a reminder system were more likely to receive an OGTT within 6 months postpartum (28%) compared with usual care (14%). The OGTT rates for both reminder groups were lower than that found in our randomized control trial (28% vs. 60%).
Conclusion
Although the screening rates remain low, postpartum reminders doubled screening rates using the recommended test, the OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- AK Shea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - BR Shah
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - HD Clark
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Malcolm
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Walker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Karovitch
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Keely
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Shea AK, Shah BR, Clark HD, Malcolm J, Walker M, Karovitch A, Keely EJ. The effectiveness of implementing a reminder system into routine clinical practice: does it increase postpartum screening in women with gestational diabetes? Chronic Dis Can 2011; 31:58-64. [PMID: 21466755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During regular care, women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) rarely receive the recommended screening test for type 2 diabetes, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in the postpartum period. The current study examined whether the implementation of a reminder system improved screening rates. METHODS Based on our previous randomized control trial, we implemented a postpartum reminder (letter or phone call) protocol into routine care at two of three clinical sites. We verified postpartum testing by searching hospital laboratory databases and by linking to the provincial physician service claims database. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who underwent an OGTT within 6 months of delivery. RESULTS Women who received care in a setting using a reminder system were more likely to receive an OGTT within 6 months postpartum (28%) compared with usual care (14%). The OGTT rates for both reminder groups were lower than that found in our randomized control trial (28% vs. 60%). CONCLUSION Although the screening rates remain low, postpartum reminders doubled screening rates using the recommended test, the OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Shea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Malcolm J, Moir K. The effect of an education programme for patients with Type 2 diabetes who were converted to insulin. J Hum Nutr Diet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2009.00952_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Malcolm J. A 6 30 pm appointment. West J Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Milroy TH, Malcolm J. The metabolism of the nucleins: Part II. Further observations on excretion in leucocythaemia. Intracellular metabolism in the granular leucocytes. J Physiol 2007; 25:105-30. [PMID: 16992520 PMCID: PMC1516669 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1899.sp000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Quinones R, Peltz A, Malcolm J, Hild E, Gore L, Foreman N, Christensen M, Croskell M, Kissane R, Giller R. 175: Myeloablative HSCT for children and adolescents with lymphoma refractory to primary therapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Carter
- The Departments of Chemistry and Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, N.Z
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Raia V, Maiuri L, Ciacci C, Ricciardelli I, Vacca L, Auricchio S, Cimmino M, Cavaliere M, Nardone M, Cesaro A, Malcolm J, Quaratino S, Londei M. Inhibition of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase controls airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2005; 60:773-80. [PMID: 15994249 PMCID: PMC1747526 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2005.042564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) airways are characterised by chronic inflammation, increased interleukin (IL)-8 secretion, and neutrophil activation which are considered the principal factors of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Optimising management of this chronic inflammatory response is therefore a key issue of basic and clinical CF research. Several reports have addressed ways to manage CF airways inflammation, and an attractive therapeutic strategy may be the inhibition of the p38-mitogen activated protein kinase (p38-MAP-k) pathway. METHODS A new ex vivo model was used to study the mucosal inflammatory response to environmental airways stimuli. Nasal biopsy tissues from CF patients and controls were cultured ex vivo for 20 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) with and without the p38-MAP-k inhibitor SB203580. Quantitative mRNA assessment, immunohistochemistry, and Western blots were used to detect the expression and modulation of inflammatory markers. RESULTS PA-LPS challenge induced a time dependent mucosal inflammation indicated by rapid epithelial activation, IL-8 release, COX-2 upregulation, and neutrophil migration to the upper mucosal layers. Some of these LPS induced changes (IL-8 release and neutrophil migration) were specific to CF tissues. SB203580 significantly controlled all LPS induced mucosal changes in CF tissues. CONCLUSION These findings provide a rationale and proof of principle for the potential use of p38-MAP-k inhibitors to control inflammation in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raia
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Trobaugh-Lotrario AD, Kletzel M, Quinones RR, McGavran L, Proytcheva MA, Hunger SP, Malcolm J, Schissel D, Hild E, Giller RH. Monosomy 7 associated with pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): successful management by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 35:143-9. [PMID: 15558042 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with monosomy 7 is associated with poor disease-free survival when treated by conventional chemotherapy, immunosuppression or supportive measures. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) may improve outcomes; however, data to support this are limited. To better understand the curative potential of HSCT in these patients, all cases of AML and MDS with monosomy 7 treated by two transplant programs (1992 to present) were reviewed. A total of 16 patients were treated, all by allogeneic HSCT. Primary diagnoses were MDS (N = 5), therapy-related MDS (N = 3), AML (N = 5) and therapy-related AML (N = 3). In all, 11 patients (69%) survive event-free at 2 years with median follow-up of 986 days (range 330-2011 days). Toxicity caused deaths of the five nonsurviving patients, four of whom were transplanted with active leukemia. Allogeneic HSCT is effective therapy for childhood AML and MDS associated with monosomy 7, particularly for patients with AML in complete remission and MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Trobaugh-Lotrario
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80218, USA
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Giller R, Van Stelle J, Hinote M, Hild E, Malcolm J, Kissane R, Quinones R. Outpatient total body irradiation (TBI) in the pediatric bone marrow transplantation patient. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.12.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Quinones R, Hunger S, Gore L, Garcea R, Garrington T, Foreman N, Malcolm J, Hild E, Schissel D, Giller R. 142Successful allogeneic HSCT for consolidation in young children with high-risk 11Q23+ ALL in CR1. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1083-8791(03)80143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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MaWhinney S, Brown ER, Malcolm J, VillaNueva C, Groves BM, Quaife RA, Lindenfeld J, Warner BA, Hammermeister KE, Grover FL, Shroyer AL. Identification of risk factors for increased cost, charges, and length of stay for cardiac patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70:702-10. [PMID: 11016297 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(00)01510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we explored different risk model options to provide clinicians with predictions for resource utilization. The hypotheses were that predictors of mortality are not predictive of resource consumption, and that there is a correlation between cost estimates derived using a cost-to-charge ratio or a product-line costing approach. METHODS From March 1992 to June 1995, 2,481 University of Colorado Hospital patients admitted for ischemic heart disease were classified by diagnosis-related group code as having undergone or experienced coronary bypass procedures (CBP), percutaneous cardiovascular procedures (PCVP), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and other cardiac-related discharges (Other). For each diagnosis-related group, Cox proportional hazards models were developed to determine predictors of cost, charges, and length of stay. RESULTS The diagnosis groups differed in the clinical factors that predicted resource use. As the two costing methods were highly correlated, either approach may be used to assess relative resource consumption provided costs are reconciled to audited financial statements. CONCLUSIONS To develop valid prediction models for costs of care, the clinical risk factors that are traditionally used to predict risk-adjusted mortality may need to be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- S MaWhinney
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA
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Malcolm J. Scotland gets in on the act. Nurs Times 1999; 95:51. [PMID: 10745843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Malcolm J, Arnold O, Howlett J, Nigam R, Czarnecki W, Ignaszewski A, LeBlanc MH, Liu P, Parker JD, Rajakumar R, Smith S, Teo K, Belenkie I. The Canadian CHF clinics network: Implementation and initial results. J Card Fail 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-9164(99)91586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The novel finding that grapefruit juice can markedly augment oral drug bioavailability was based on an unexpected observation from an interaction study between the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, felodipine, and ethanol in which grapefruit juice was used to mask the taste of the ethanol. Subsequent investigations showed that grapefruit juice acted by reducing presystemic felodipine metabolism through selective post-translational down regulation of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expression in the intestinal wall. Since the duration of effect of grapefruit juice can last 24 h, repeated juice consumption can result in a cumulative increase in felodipine AUC and Cmax. The high variability of the magnitude of effect among individuals appeared dependent upon inherent differences in enteric CYP3A4 protein expression such that individuals with highest baseline CYP3A4 had the highest proportional increase. At least 20 other drugs have been assessed for an interaction with grapefruit juice. Medications with innately low oral bioavailability because of substantial presystemic metabolism mediated by CYP3A4 appear affected by grapefruit juice. Clinically relevant interactions seem likely for most dihydropyridines, terfenadine, saquinavir, cyclosporin, midazolam, triazolam and verapamil and may also occur with lovastatin, cisapride and astemizole. The importance of the interaction appears to be influenced by individual patient susceptibility, type and amount of grapefruit juice and administration-related factors. Although in vitro findings support the flavonoid, naringin, or the furanocoumarin, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, as being active ingredients, a recent investigation indicated that neither of these substances made a major contribution to grapefruit juice-drug interactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Bailey
- Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
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Bunston T, Mings D, Laperriere N, Malcolm J, Williams D. The impact of psychosocial need and needs resolution on quality of life in patients with brain tumors. Neurosurg Focus 1998; 4:e7. [PMID: 17154447 DOI: 10.3171/foc.1998.4.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of cancer of the central nervous system (CNS) is often the diagnosis of an incurable, progressive disease with devastating effects on the physical, psychosocial, and cognitive functioning of patients. Because many of the treatment options are noncurative in nature, issues related to quality and quantity of life become paramount.
The purpose of the authors' research was to explore the prevalence of psychosocial needs in this cancer population and to determine whether these needs and their resolution impact on quality of life (QOL).
Telephone interviews were conducted with 75 patients in whom primary CNS cancer was diagnosed and who were able to pass the Mini-Mental Health Status Examination. Analysis of results indicated that the majority of patients (97.3%) had at least one concern; concerns over treatment side effects, controlling uncertainty, having a meaningful existence, self and body image, and family concerns were among the five most frequently cited need domains. Most patients (91.8%) received help. However, 75.3% reported needing additional help. The number of needs reported and the severity of fatigue most significantly impacted QOL.
The study identified the needs and experiences of the patient with CNS cancer. Quality of life and needs assessment information can be used to screen patients for distress and to measure the outcome of medical and psychosocial care and ultimately to ease the burden of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bunston
- The Toronto Hospital/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Bredeson C, Malcolm J, Davis M, Bence-Bruckler I, Kearns B, Huebsch L. Cost analysis of the introduction of PBPC for autologous transplantation: effect of switching from bone marrow (BM) to peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC). Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 20:889-96. [PMID: 9404932 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, PBPC instead of BM are used for autologous transplantation. Limited data exist on the economic effects of this change. Using a resource-based utilization model we prospectively determined the costs of 48 autologous transplants (eight BM, 17 BM + PBPC, 23 PBPC), isolating the post-reinfusion period (day 0 to discharge) to better determine the effect of the rescue product. Length of stay post-reinfusion was significantly shorter in patients receiving PBPC (median 13 days) or BM + PBPC (median 14 days) vs BM alone (median 20 days) (P < 0.01). Accordingly, transplant admission costs were less in the PBPC groups (PBPC $22089, BM + PBPC $23179) vs the BM alone group ($32289) (P < 0.05). Rescue product acquisition costs were higher for PBPC (range $3439-$5157) vs BM ($2766) but these costs were offset by the more rapid recovery of patients receiving PBPC. Overall transplant costs depend on the conditioning regimen with a 10-fold cost variation among regimens. Modeled costs for autologus transplantation using various approaches to rescue product acquisition are given. The introduction of PBPC for autologus transplantation has resulted in cost savings at our institution. Although the acquisition costs of PBPC rescue product are greater than for BM, this incremental expense is more than offset by a less expensive post-reinfusion period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bredeson
- Division of Hematology, Ottawa General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Malcolm J. Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of Soft Tissue. Clin Mol Pathol 1993. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.46.5.486-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Malcolm J. Grave new world. Nurs Times 1993; 89:37. [PMID: 8437920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Short RE, James LF, Panter KE, Staigmiller RB, Bellows RA, Malcolm J, Ford SP. Effects of feeding ponderosa pine needles during pregnancy: comparative studies with bison, cattle, goats, and sheep. J Anim Sci 1992; 70:3498-504. [PMID: 1459912 DOI: 10.2527/1992.70113498x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of feeding dried pine needles (Pinus ponderosa; PN) on the abortion rate of ruminants. In Exp. 1, cattle were fed 5.4 kg of PN daily for 21 d starting at 116, 167, 215, or 254 d of pregnancy. The PN did not cause abortions when started at 116 d; thereafter, the percentage of cows that aborted increased linearly, and the interval to abortion decreased linearly (both P < .01); all cows fed PN beginning at 254 d aborted. In Exp. 2, cattle were fed .7, 1.4, or 2.7 kg of PN for 21 d or 2.7 kg for 1 or 3 d. Sheep and goats were fed .8 and .5 kg of PN, respectively, starting at 121 d of pregnancy. The PN induced some abortions in cattle when fed for 1 (11%) or 3 (30%) d, but the abortion rate was greater (P < .01) when the PN were fed for longer periods of time (80, 90, and 100% aborted in 19, 17, and 10 d for .7-, 1.4-, and 2.7-kg doses, respectively). No goats or sheep aborted in response to PN feeding. Pregnancy rates during the next breeding season for cows that aborted in response to the PN were slightly higher than rates for control cows (94 vs 87%). In Exp. 3, buffalo (Bison bison) and cattle were fed 2.25 kg of PN from the same collection. Abortions were induced in all buffalo and cattle that were fed PN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Short
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301
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Malcolm J, Arnold Q, Cheung P, Marsh GD, Thompson R, Driedger AA, McGillen JE, MacDermid JC. Exercise training improves metabolism of skeletal muscle in patients with stable heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(91)91601-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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