1
|
Machado AM, Samico R, Domingues M, Hagemann A, Valente LMP, Malzahn AM, Gomes-Dos-Santos A, Ruivo R, Navarro JC, Monroig Ó, Castro LFC. A whole-body transcriptome assembly of the annelid worm Hediste diversicolor. Mar Genomics 2024; 74:101084. [PMID: 38485292 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2024.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The Annelida phylum is composed of a myriad of species exhibiting key phenotypic adaptations. They occupy key ecological niches in a variety of marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Importantly, the increment of omic resources is rapidly modifying the taxonomic landscape and knowledge of species belonging to this phylum. Here, we comprehensively characterised and annotated a transcriptome of the common ragworm, Hediste diversicolor (OF Müller). This species belongs to the family Nereididae and inhabits estuarine and lagoon areas on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America. Ecologically, H. diversicolor plays an important role in benthic food webs. Given its commercial value, H. diversicolor is a promising candidate for aquaculture development and production in farming facilities, under a circular economy framework. We used Illumina next-generation sequencing technology, to produce a total of 105 million (M) paired-end (PE) raw reads and generate the first whole-body transcriptome assembly of H. diversicolor species. This high-quality transcriptome contains 69,335 transcripts with an N50 transcript length of 2313 bp and achieved a BUSCO gene completeness of 97.7% and 96% in Eukaryota and Metazoa lineage-specific profile libraries. Our findings offer a valuable resource for multiple biological applications using this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André M Machado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Samico
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcos Domingues
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Andreas Hagemann
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Luísa M P Valente
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; CBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arne M Malzahn
- Department of Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, SINTEF Ocean, Trondheim, Norway
| | - André Gomes-Dos-Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maldonado C, Cáceres A, Burgos A, Hinojosa D, Enríquez S, Celi-Erazo M, Vaca F, Ron L, Rodríguez-Hidalgo R, Benítez-Ortiz W, Martínez-Fresneda M, Eleizalde MC, Mendoza M, Navarro JC, Ramírez-Iglesias JR. Seroprevalence of trypanosomosis and associated risk factors in cattle from coast and amazonian provinces of Ecuador. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10333-z. [PMID: 38369611 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosomosis is a tropical disease caused by various protozoan haemoparasites, which affects wild and domestic animals, the latter ones related to worldwide livestock production systems. Species such as Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma evansi have been described using serological and molecular tools in several countries from South and Central America. However, Ecuador presents a relevant knowledge gap in the associated general epidemiology and risk factors of the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle from different regions of Ecuador. 745 serum samples from 7 Coastal and 3 Amazon provinces were screened for IgG anti-Trypanosoma spp. antibodies, using an in-house indirect ELISA. The seropositivity was explored and associated with several variables such as sex, age, breed, region, management, and province, using statistical tools. The general seroprevalence of trypanosomosis was 19.1% (95% CI: 16.30-22.1%). The Amazonian provinces of Sucumbíos and Napo and the Coastal province of Esmeraldas presented the highest seroprevalence values of 36.7% (95% CI: 27.67-46.47%), 23.64% (95% CI: 16.06-32.68%) and 25% (95% CI: 15.99-35.94%), respectively. Statistical significance was found for the region, province, and management variables, indicating as relevant risk factors the extensive management and Amazon location of the cattle analyzed. Specific actions should be taken to identify the exact species on reservoirs and susceptible hosts, evaluate the implication of farm management and cattle movement as risk factors, and implement surveillance and treatment plans for affected herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Maldonado
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - A Cáceres
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - A Burgos
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - D Hinojosa
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - S Enríquez
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Celi-Erazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - F Vaca
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - L Ron
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - R Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - W Benítez-Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Martínez-Fresneda
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
- Engineering and Applied Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - M C Eleizalde
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M Mendoza
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - J C Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador
| | - J R Ramírez-Iglesias
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador.
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, 170120, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bounoukta CE, Megías-Sayago C, Navarro JC, Ammari F, Ivanova S, Centeno MÁ, Odriozola JA. Functionalized Biochars as Supports for Ru/C Catalysts: Tunable and Efficient Materials for γ-Valerolactone Production. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1129. [PMID: 36986022 PMCID: PMC10051761 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cotton stalks-based biochars were prepared and used to synthetize Ru-supported catalysts for selective production of γ-valerolactone from levulinic acid in aqueous media. Different biochars' pre-treatments (HNO3, ZnCl2, CO2 or a combination of them) were carried out to activate the final carbonaceous support. Nitric acid treatment resulted in microporous biochars with high surface area, whereas the chemical activation with ZnCl2 substantially increases the mesoporous surface. The combination of both treatments led to a support with exceptional textural properties allowing the preparation of Ru/C catalyst with 1422 m2/g surface area, 1210 m2/g of it being a mesoporous surface. The impact of the biochars' pre-treatments on the catalytic performance of Ru-based catalysts is fully discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charf Eddine Bounoukta
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques-LGPC, Département de Génie des Procéés, Faculté de Technologie, Université FERHAT ABBAS SETIF-1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Cristina Megías-Sayago
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fatima Ammari
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques-LGPC, Département de Génie des Procéés, Faculté de Technologie, Université FERHAT ABBAS SETIF-1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Centeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Odriozola
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boyen J, Ribes-Navarro A, Kabeya N, Monroig Ó, Rigaux A, Fink P, Hablützel PI, Navarro JC, De Troch M. Functional characterization reveals a diverse array of metazoan fatty acid biosynthesis genes. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:970-982. [PMID: 36461663 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain (≥C20 ) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are physiologically important fatty acids for most animals, including humans. Although most LC-PUFA production occurs in aquatic primary producers such as microalgae, recent research indicates the ability of certain groups of (mainly marine) invertebrates for endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis and/or bioconversion from dietary precursors. The genetic pathways for and mechanisms behind LC-PUFA biosynthesis remain unknown in many invertebrates to date, especially in non-model species. However, the numerous genomic and transcriptomic resources currently available can contribute to our knowledge of the LC-PUFA biosynthetic capabilities of metazoans. Within our previously generated transcriptome of the benthic harpacticoid copepod Platychelipus littoralis, we detected expression of one methyl-end desaturase, one front-end desaturase, and seven elongases, key enzymes responsible for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. To demonstrate their functionality, we characterized eight of them using heterologous expression in yeast. The P. littoralis methyl-end desaturase has Δ15/17/19 desaturation activity, enabling biosynthesis of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 18:2 n-6, 20:4 n-6 and 22:5 n-6, respectively. Its front-end desaturase has Δ4 desaturation activity from 22:5 n-3 to DHA, implying that P. littoralis has multiple pathways to produce this physiologically important fatty acid. All studied P. littoralis elongases possess varying degrees of elongation activity for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, producing aliphatic hydrocarbon chains with lengths of up to 30 carbons. Our investigation revealed a functionally diverse range of fatty acid biosynthesis genes in copepods, which highlights the need to scrutinize the role that primary consumers could perform in providing essential nutrients to upper trophic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Boyen
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Spain
| | - Annelien Rigaux
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fink
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany.,Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Spain
| | - Marleen De Troch
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De la Cadena E, Camacho M, Vaca F, Enríquez S, Eleizalde MC, Arrivillaga-Henríquez J, Mendoza M, Navarro JC, Ramírez-Iglesias JR. Molecular identification of Trypanosoma theileri in cattle from the Ecuadorian Amazon. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 37:100824. [PMID: 36623904 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma theileri is a cosmopolitan opportunistic haemoparasite described in wild and domestic ruminants, and also in arthropod vectors. The presence of this parasite has been reported in several South American countries, including Amazonian regions. Despite the importance of livestock production, Ecuador possesses scarce studies about trypanosomosis and no T. theileri reports in its territory. Here, we showed molecular evidences of the presence of T. theileri in cattle from a province located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Bovine blood samples were collected from 2014 to 2019, during campaigns to detect haemoparasites in the Ecuadorian provinces of Orellana and Sucumbíos. DNA was extracted from the buffy coat and used in PCR assays with three different molecular markers, ITS1, 18S and Cathepsin L-like. T. theileri was detected only in the Sucumbíos province, with a specific molecular prevalence of 8.6% (3/35) using the three primers and an additional animal detected as positive (11.4% prevalence) only by the ITS1 marker. DNA sequences derived from the generated amplicons were subjected to phylogenetics maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis, which indicate the presence of TthI and TthII genotypes circulating in the evaluated animals. Molecular surveillance should be continually implemented in Ecuador in order to deepen the epidemiological and evolutionary knowledge about T. theileri as well other haemoparasites in the amazon parts of the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E De la Cadena
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador; Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador
| | - M Camacho
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador; Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador
| | - F Vaca
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - S Enríquez
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M C Eleizalde
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - J Arrivillaga-Henríquez
- Unidad de Entomología Aplicada, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; Línea de Salud Ambiental, Calidad y Biodiversidad, Área Ambiente y Territorio, THC-FACSO, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Mendoza
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios (CEBIV), Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR), Apartado Postal 47925, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - J C Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador; Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador
| | - J R Ramírez-Iglesias
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador; Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito 170120, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ledesma Y, Echeverría G, Claro-Almea FE, Silva D, Guerrero-Freire S, Rojas Y, Bastidas-Caldes C, Navarro JC, de Waard JH. The Re-Identification of Previously Unidentifiable Clinical Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Isolates Shows Great Species Diversity and the Presence of Other Acid-Fast Genera. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101159. [PMID: 36297216 PMCID: PMC9610484 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria that cannot be identified at the species level represent a challenge for clinical laboratories, as proper species assignment is key to implementing successful treatments or epidemiological studies. We re-identified forty-eight isolates of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-staining-positive "acid-fast bacilli" (AFB), which were isolated in a clinical laboratory and previously identified as Mycobacterium species but were unidentifiable at the species level with the hsp65 PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA). As most isolates also could not be identified confidently via 16S, hsp65, or rpoB DNA sequencing and a nBLAST search analysis, we employed a phylogenetic method for their identification using the sequences of the 16S rDNA, which resulted in the identification of most AFB and a Mycobacterium species diversity not found before in our laboratory. Most were rare species with only a few clinical reports. Moreover, although selected with the ZN staining as AFB, not all isolates belonged to the genus Mycobacterium, and we report for the first time in Latin America the isolation of Nocardia puris, Tsukamurella pulmosis, and Gordonia sputi from sputum samples of symptomatic patients. We conclude that ZN staining does not differentiate between the genus Mycobacterium and other genera of AFB. Moreover, there is a need for a simple and more accurate tree-based identification method for mycobacterial species. For this purpose, and in development in our lab, is a web-based identification system using a phylogenetic analysis (including all AFB genera) based on 16S rDNA sequences (and in the future multigene datasets) and the closest relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanua Ledesma
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Franklin E. Claro-Almea
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
| | - Douglas Silva
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
| | - Salomé Guerrero-Freire
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Yeimy Rojas
- Grupo de Microbiología Aplicada, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena 150102, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de las Américas, Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado en Salud Pública y Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, España
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Grupo de Enfermedades Emergentes, Ecoepidemiologia y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170107, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Laboratorios de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de Salud, Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170125, Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
- Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1010, Venezuela
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marrero M, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Ribes-Navarro A, Pérez JA, Galindo A, Rodríguez C. Metabolic and molecular evidence for long-chain PUFA biosynthesis capacity in the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111232. [PMID: 35580802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to understand the capacity of farmed fish species to biosynthesise the physiologically important long-chain (≥C20) n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), from their C18 PUFA precursors available in the diet. In fish, the LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathways involve sequential desaturation and elongation reactions from α-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), catalysed by fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) proteins. Our current understanding of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) LC-PUFA biosynthetic capacity is limited despite representing the most farmed finfish produced worldwide. To address this knowledge gap, this study first aimed at characterising molecularly and functionally three genes (fads2, elovl5 and elovl2) with putative roles in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Using an in vitro yeast-based system, we found that grass carp Fads2 possesses ∆8 and ∆5 desaturase activities, with ∆6 ability to desaturase not only the C18 PUFA precursors (ALA and LA) but also 24:5n-3 to 24:6n-3, a key intermediate to obtain DHA through the "Sprecher pathway". Additionally, the Elovl5 showed capacity to elongate C18 and C20 PUFA substrates, whereas Elovl2 was more active over C20 and C22. Collectively, the molecular cloning and functional characterisation of fads2, elovl5 and elovl2 demonstrated that the grass carp has all the enzymatic activities required to obtain ARA, EPA and DHA from LA and ALA. Importantly, the hepatocytes incubated with radiolabelled fatty acids confirmed the yeast-based results and demonstrated that these enzymes are functionally active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Marrero
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alberto Ribes-Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana Galindo
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bertucci JI, Blanco AM, Navarro JC, Unniappan S, Canosa LF. Dietary protein:lipid ratio modulates somatic growth and expression of genes involved in somatic growth, lipid metabolism and food intake in Pejerrey fry (Odontesthes bonariensis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111231. [PMID: 35537601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pejerrey is a freshwater fish from South America with high potential for aquaculture. This study was designed to determine the effects of different dietary protein:lipid ratio on growth rate and the expression of growth, lipid metabolism and feeding-related genes of this species during early developmental stages. Pejerrey fry were fed for 60 days with four experimental diets containing low (400 g Kg-1) or high (500 g Kg-1) protein (LP or HP, respectively) and low (120 g Kg-1) or high (200 g Kg-1) lipid (LL or HL, respectively), in the combinations: LP-LL; LP-HL; HP-LL and HP-HL. Measurements of growth, lipid and fatty acid content of fry, expression of genes from the endocrine axis (gh, ghrs, igfs), fatty acid metabolism (∆6-desaturase), and food intake behavior (nucb2/nesfatin-1) were collected. Fry fed with diets LP-LL and HP-LL showed the highest growth rate and growth hormone (gh) mRNA expression levels. The gene expression of ∆6-desaturase was high in head of fry fed with diet LP-HL. The mRNA expression of nucb2/nesfatin-1 and gh followed the same patterns in head, and the inverse pattern in body. In conclusion, diets with LL ensure a higher growth of pejerrey fry compared to those that contain HL, without altering the final lipid amount nor the fatty acid profile on fry. In LL groups, the expression of genes from the GH-IGF axis is associated with the observed promotion of somatic growth. The expression of nucb2/nesfatin-1 indicates an effect of this peptide not related to food intake regulation, e.g., a negative regulatory role on GH expression, that would warrant future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina CC 164, Argentina.
| | - Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Luis Fabián Canosa
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-UNSAM, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina CC 164, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mateo D, Navarro JC, Khan IS, Ruiz-Martinez J, Gascon J. Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Tubes Decorated with Ru Nanoparticles as Photo-Thermal Catalyst for CO2 Methanation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092701. [PMID: 35566051 PMCID: PMC9101908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-thermal catalysis has recently emerged as a viable strategy to produce solar fuels or chemicals using sunlight. In particular, nanostructures featuring localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) hold great promise as photo-thermal catalysts given their ability to convert light into heat. In this regard, traditional plasmonic materials include gold (Au) or silver (Ag), but in the last years, transition metal nitrides have been proposed as a cost-efficient alternative. Herein, we demonstrate that titanium nitride (TiN) tubes derived from the nitridation of TiO2 precursor display excellent light absorption properties thanks to their intense LSPR band in the visible–IR regions. Upon deposition of Ru nanoparticles (NPs), Ru-TiN tubes exhibit high activity towards the photo-thermal CO2 reduction reaction, achieving remarkable methane (CH4) production rates up to 1200 mmol g−1 h−1. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction pathway is dominated by thermal effects thanks to the effective light-to-heat conversion of Ru-TiN tubes. This work will serve as a basis for future research on new plasmonic structures for photo-thermal applications in catalysis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramírez JD, Sordillo EM, Gotuzzo E, Zavaleta C, Caplivski D, Navarro JC, Crainey JL, Luz SLB, Delgado Noguera LA, Schaub R, Rousseau C, Herrera G, Oliveira-Miranda MA, Quispe-Vargas MT, Hotez PJ, Paniz Mondolfi A. Correction: SARS-CoV-2 in the Amazon region: A harbinger of doom for Amerindians. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009118. [PMID: 33561162 PMCID: PMC7872262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
|
11
|
Luo J, Monroig Ó, Liao K, Ribes-Navarro A, Navarro JC, Zhu T, Li J, Xue L, Zhou Q, Jin M. Biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs and VLC-PUFAs in Pampus argenteus: Characterization of Elovl4 Elongases and Regulation under Acute Salinity. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:932-944. [PMID: 33430591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has been demonstrated to influence the biosynthesis of long-chain (C20-24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in teleost fish. Since LC-PUFAs are essential nutrients for vertebrates, it is central to understand how fish cope with an acute change in salinity associated with natural events. We herein report on the cloning and functional characterization of two elongation of very-long-chain fatty acid (Elovl)4 proteins, namely, Elovl4a and Elovl4b, and study the roles that these enzymes play in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs and very-long-chain (>C24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) in marine teleost Pampus argenteus. The P. argenteus Elovl4 displayed all of the typical features of Elovl-like enzymes and have eyes and brain as major sites through which they exert their functions. Moreover, functional studies showed that the P. argenteus Elovl4 can effectively elongate C18-22 substrates to C36 VLC-PUFA. Because both P. argenteus Elovl4 are able to produce 24:5n - 3 from shorter precursors, we tested whether the previously reported Δ6 Fads2 from P. argenteus was able to desaturate 24:5n - 3 to 24:6n - 3, a key step for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synthesis. Our results showed that P. argenteus can indeed bioconvert 24:5n - 3 into 24:6n - 3, suggesting that P. argenteus has the enzymatic capacity required for DHA biosynthesis through the coordinated action of both Elovl4 and Fads2. Furthermore, an acute salinity test indicated that low-salinity stress (12 ppt) upregulated genes involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, with 12 ppt salinity treatment showing the highest hepatic LC-PUFA content. Overall, our results unveiled that the newly characterized Elovl4 enzymes have indispensable functions in LC- and VLC-PUFA biosynthesis. Moreover, acute salinity change influenced the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA in P. argenteus. This study provided new insight into the biosynthesis of LC- and VLC-PUFAs in vertebrates and the physiological responses that teleosts have under acute salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Luo
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Kai Liao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Alberto Ribes-Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Liangli Xue
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Serrano R, Navarro JC, Portolés T, Sales C, Beltrán J, Monroig Ó, Hernández F. Identification of new, very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish by gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:1039-1046. [PMID: 33210175 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of very long-chain (>C24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs), which are essential in the vision, neural function, and reproduction of vertebrates, is challenging because of the lack of reference standards and their very low concentrations in certain lipid classes. In this research, we have developed a new methodology for VLC-PUFA identification based on gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source (GC-APCI-QTOF MS). The mass accuracy attainable with the innovative QTOF instrument, together with the soft ionization of the APCI source, provides valuable information on the intact molecule, traditionally lost with electron ionization sources due to the extensive fragmentation suffered. We have identified, for the first time, VLC-PUFAs with chains up to 44 carbons in eyes, brain, and gonads of gilthead sea bream, a commercially important fish in the Mediterranean. The added value of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMS), recently developed in combination with GC-QTOF MS, and the contribution of the collisional cross section (CCS) parameter in the characterization of novel VLC-PUFAs (for which reference standards are not available) have been also evaluated. The methodology developed has allowed assessing qualitative differences between farmed and wild fish, and opens new perspectives in a still scarcely known field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roque Serrano
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat S/N, 12071, Castellón, Spain. .,Research Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Research Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.,Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Tania Portolés
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat S/N, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Carlos Sales
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat S/N, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Joaquín Beltrán
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat S/N, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Research Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.,Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat S/N, 12071, Castellón, Spain.,Research Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nunes B, Simões MI, Navarro JC, Castro BB. First ecotoxicological characterization of paraffin microparticles: a biomarker approach in a marine suspension-feeder, Mytilus sp. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:41946-41960. [PMID: 32705546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are one of the main environmental pollutants in marine ecosystems, and their presence in seawater is a consequence of the widespread use of plastic materials in modern commodities. This wide usage of plastics includes the employment of microspheres in common personal care products, which end up being ultimately released into the aquatic compartment. Known ecotoxicological effects of microplastics favoured the search for technologically viable and environmentally safer alternatives, such as paraffin wax microparticles, whose ecotoxicological risks have not been entirely characterized. To address this gap, the present study exposed mussels (Mytilus sp.) for 96 h to three densities (5 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 80 mg/L) of four size ranges (100-300 μm, 300-500 μm, 400-850 μm, and 800-1200 μm) of paraffin wax particles. Toxicological endpoints were the activities of four enzymes involved in key cellular processes, including antioxidant defence (catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GRed) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and phase II metabolism (glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)), as well as lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the digestive gland. Significant interactions between the presence/absence of food and paraffin particle density were found, as food sometimes worked as a confounding factor in the analysed biomarkers. Despite this uncertainty, some overall patterns emerged. In general, smaller paraffin wax particles (100-300 μm) caused little effects on the activity of the four enzymes tested, whereas larger particles (800-1200 μm) caused significant effects on almost all biomarkers. CAT activity was enhanced in animals exposed to larger paraffin particles, whilst GPx activity was depressed; GRed activity was not affected by the exposure to paraffin particles. The activity of GSTs was enhanced, but only in one tested condition. No effects were observed in terms of the total lipid content and fatty acids of exposed animals. Overall, data obtained in this work suggest that, at densities of paraffin wax particles comparable to the levels found in the environment for microplastic beads, no toxicity is expected to occur in the tested mussel species, by measuring the here-assessed toxicological endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM - Laboratório Associado), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria Inês Simões
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Bruno Branco Castro
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) & Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morais S, Torres M, Hontoria F, Monroig Ó, Varó I, Agulleiro MJ, Navarro JC. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Elovl4 Genes in Sparus aurata and Solea senegalensis Pointing to a Critical Role in Very Long-Chain (>C 24) Fatty Acid Synthesis during Early Neural Development of Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103514. [PMID: 32429178 PMCID: PMC7278935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLC-FA) play critical roles in neural tissues during the early development of vertebrates. However, studies on VLC-FA in fish are scarce. The biosynthesis of VLC-FA is mediated by elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 4 (Elovl4) proteins and, consequently, the complement and activity of these enzymes determines the capacity that a given species has for satisfying its physiological demands, in particular for the correct development of neurophysiological functions. The present study aimed to characterize and localize the expression of elovl4 genes from Sparus aurata and Solea senegalensis, as well as to determine the function of their encoded proteins. The results confirmed that both fish possess two distinct elovl4 genes, named elovl4a and elovl4b. Functional assays demonstrated that both Elovl4 isoforms had the capability to elongate long-chain (C20–24), both saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA), fatty acid precursors to VLC-FA. In spite of their overlapping activity, Elovl4a was more active in VLC-SFA elongation, while Elovl4b had a preponderant elongation activity towards n-3 PUFA substrates, particularly in S. aurata, being additionally the only isoform that is capable of elongating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). A preferential expression of elovl4 genes was measured in neural tissues, being elovl4a and elovl4b mRNAs mostly found in brain and eyes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Morais
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Tarragona, Spain; (S.M.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Miguel Torres
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (M.T.); (Ó.M.); (I.V.); (J.C.N.)
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (M.T.); (Ó.M.); (I.V.); (J.C.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-964319500 (ext. 229)
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (M.T.); (Ó.M.); (I.V.); (J.C.N.)
| | - Inma Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (M.T.); (Ó.M.); (I.V.); (J.C.N.)
| | - María José Agulleiro
- Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Rápita, Tarragona, Spain; (S.M.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain; (M.T.); (Ó.M.); (I.V.); (J.C.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun P, Zhou Q, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Jin M, Yuan Y, Wang X, Jiao L. Cloning and functional characterization of an elovl4-like gene involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 242:110408. [PMID: 31958500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Elongation of very long-chain fatty acid 4 (Elovl4) proteins participate in the biosynthesis of long-chain and very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA and VLC-PUFA). In the present study, an elovl4 cDNA was cloned from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus by PCR techniques and functionally characterized using recombinant expression in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The elovl4 cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame of 1038 base pairs, encoding a protein of 346 amino acids. The elovl4 has typical Elovl structures, with transmembrane domains (6) and a histidine box. The elovl4 was expressed in various tissues analyzed, with the highest expression found in intestine and hepatopancreas, followed by stomach and eyestalk. The functional characterization of Elovl4 yeast showed that the P. trituberculatus Elovl4 can elongate C18-22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), reaching in some cases products of C24 and C26. Along its ability to elongate PUFA, the P. trituberculatus Elovl4 was also efficient in the elongation of saturated fatty acids, with 28:0 and 30:0 being prominent elongation products. These results provide insight into the LC-PUFA biosynthetic capability of commercially important species of crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ran Z, Xu J, Liao K, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Oboh A, Jin M, Zhou Q, Zhou C, Tocher DR, Yan X. Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta: Characterization of four fatty acyl elongases and a novel desaturase capacity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1083-1090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
17
|
Garcia-Rejon JE, Ulloa-Garcia A, Cigarroa-Toledo N, Pech-May A, Machain-Williams C, Cetina-Trejo RC, Talavera-Aguilar LG, Torres-Chable OM, Navarro JC, Baak-Baak CM. Study of Aedes aegypti population with emphasis on the gonotrophic cycle length and identification of arboviruses: implications for vector management in cemeteries. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e44. [PMID: 30133604 PMCID: PMC6103328 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the vector of the arboviruses causing dengue,
chikungunya and zika infections in Mexico. However, its presence in public
places has not been fully evaluated. In a cemetery from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico,
the productivity of Ae. aegypti, the gonotrophic cycle, and the
presence of Ae. aegypti females infected with arboviruses were
evaluated. Immature and adult mosquitoes were inspected every two months between
April 2016 to June 2017. For the gonotrophic cycle length, the daily pattern of
total and parous female ratio was registered and was analyzed using time series
analysis. Ae. aegypti females were sorted into pools and
assayed for flavivirus RNA by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Aedes
aegypti immatures represented 82.86% (8,627/10,411) of the
collection. In total, 1,648 Ae. aegypti females were sorted
into 166 pools. Two pools were positive; one for dengue virus (DENV-1) and the
other for zika virus (ZIKV). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DENV-1
is more closely related to isolates from Brazil. While ZIKV is more closely
related to the Asian lineage, which were isolates from Guatemala and Mexico. We
report some evidence of vertical transmission of DENV-1 in nulliparous females
of Ae. aegypti. The gonotrophic cycle was four and three days
in the rainy and dry season, respectively. The cemetery of Merida is an
important focus of Ae. aegypti proliferation, and these
environments may play a role in arboviruses transmission; probably limiting the
efficacy of attempts to suppress the presence of mosquitoes in domestic
environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian E Garcia-Rejon
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Armando Ulloa-Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Publica, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Nohemi Cigarroa-Toledo
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Angelica Pech-May
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Carlos Machain-Williams
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Rosa Carmina Cetina-Trejo
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Gabriela Talavera-Aguilar
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Universidad Internacional SEK, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Salud Ambiental, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak
- Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Laboratorio de Arbovirologia, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
González-Mira A, Torreblanca A, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Mañanós E, Varó I. Effects of ibuprofen and carbamazepine on the ion transport system and fatty acid metabolism of temperature conditioned juveniles of Solea senegalensis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 148:693-701. [PMID: 29172150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments in the last decades, derived from human and veterinary use, has become an important environmental problem. Previous studies have shown that ibuprofen (IB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) modify physiological and biochemical processes in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) in a temperature-dependent manner. In other vertebrates, there is evidence that both of these pharmaceuticals interfere with the 'arachidonic acid (AA) cascade', which is responsible for the biosynthesis of numerous enzymes that are involved in the osmoregulatory process. The present work aims to study the temperature-dependent effects of these two pharmaceuticals on several biochemical and molecular parameters in Senegalese sole. Regarding osmoregulation, Na+, K+ -ATPase enzyme activity was determined in the gills, kidney and intestine, and the expressions of both Na+, K+ -ATPase 1α-subunit isoforms (ATP1A1a and ATP1A1b) were quantified in gills. Gill prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) gene expression and fatty acid composition were selected to determine the interference of both pharmaceuticals with the AA cascade. Senegalese sole juveniles, acclimatised at 15°C or 20°C, were exposed through intraperitoneal injection to IB (10mg/kg) and CBZ (1mg/kg) for 48h. Non-injected fish (Control) and those injected with the carrier (sunflower oil; S.O.), acclimated at each of the two temperatures, were used for comparison. The results show that IB directly affected the osmoregulatory mechanisms that alter gill and intestine Na+, K+ -ATPase activities. In addition, the copy number of ATP1A1a was higher at 20°C than at 15°C, which could be a direct response to the temperature variation. The gene expression of PTGS2 was affected by neither drug administration nor acclimation temperature. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of AA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) percentages revealed a CBZ-derived effect in the fatty acid composition of the gills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A González-Mira
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Torreblanca
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - F Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - J C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - E Mañanós
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baak-Baak CM, Ulloa-Garcia A, Cigarroa-Toledo N, Tzuc Dzul JC, Machain-Williams C, Torres-Chable OM, Navarro JC, Garcia-Rejon JE. Blood Feeding Status, Gonotrophic Cycle and Survivorship of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) Caught in Churches from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Neotrop Entomol 2017; 46:622-630. [PMID: 28258352 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood-feeding status, gonotrophic cycle, and survival rates of Aedes (Stegmyia) aegypti (L.) was investigated in catholic churches from Merida, Yucatan. Female Ae. aegypti were caught using backpack aspirator during 25 consecutive days in rainy (2015) and dry season (2016). Blood-feeding status was determined by external examination of the abdomen and classified as unfed, fed, and gravid. Daily changes in the parous-nulliparous ratio were recorded, and the gonotrophic cycle length was estimated by a time series analysis. Also, was observed the vitellogenesis to monitoring egg maturity. In total, 408 females Ae. aegypti were caught, and there was a significant difference in the number of females collected per season (Z = -6.729, P ≤ 0.05). A great number was caught in the rainy season (n = 329). In the dry season, 79 females were caught, which the fed females were twice greatest than the unfed. The length of gonotrophic cycle was estimated on the base of a high correlation coefficient value appearing every 4 days in rainy at 26.7 ± 1.22°C, and 3 days in dry season at 29.8 ± 1.47°C. The daily survival rate of the Ae. aegypti population was higher in both seasons, 0.94 and 0.93 for the rainy and dry season, respectively. The minimum time estimated for developing mature eggs after blood feeding was similar in both seasons (3.5 days in rainy versus 3.25 days in dry). The measurement of the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti in catholic churches could help to understand the dynamics of transmission of arboviruses in sites with high human aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Baak-Baak
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - A Ulloa-Garcia
- Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - N Cigarroa-Toledo
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - J C Tzuc Dzul
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - C Machain-Williams
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - O M Torres-Chable
- Lab de Enfermedades Tropicales y Transmitidas por Vector, Division Academica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Univ Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Teapa, Mexico
| | - J C Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Ambientales, Lab. Biodiversidad y Salud Ambiental, Univ Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - J E Garcia-Rejon
- Lab de Arbovirologia, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Univ Autonoma de Yucatan, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Colonia Inalambrica, 97069, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jin M, Monroig Ó, Navarro JC, Tocher DR, Zhou QC. Molecular and functional characterisation of two elovl4 elongases involved in the biosynthesis of very long-chain (> C 24 ) polyunsaturated fatty acids in black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 212:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
21
|
Li S, Monroig Ó, Wang T, Yuan Y, Carlos Navarro J, Hontoria F, Liao K, Tocher DR, Mai K, Xu W, Ai Q. Functional characterization and differential nutritional regulation of putative Elovl5 and Elovl4 elongases in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Sci Rep 2017; 7:2303. [PMID: 28536436 PMCID: PMC5442133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, two elongases, Elovl4 and Elovl5, were functionally characterized and their transcriptional regulation in response to n-3 LC-PUFA administration were investigated in vivo and in vitro. We previously described the molecular characterization of croaker elovl5. Here, we report the full-length cDNA sequence of croaker elovl4, which contained 1794 bp (excluding the polyA tail), including 909 bp of coding region that encoded a polypeptide of 302 amino acids possessing all the characteristic features of Elovl proteins. Functional studies showed that croaker Elovl5, displayed high elongation activity towards C18 and C20 PUFA, with only low activity towards C22 PUFA. In contrast, croaker Elovl4 could effectively convert both C20 and C22 PUFA to longer polyenoic products up to C34. n-3 LC-PUFA suppressed transcription of the two elongase genes, as well as srebp-1 and lxrα, major regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays and in vitro studies both indicated that the transcriptions of elovl5 and elovl4 elongases could be regulated by Lxrα. Moreover, Lxrα could mediate the transcription of elovl4 directly or indirectly through regulating the transcription of srebp-1. The above findings contribute further insight and understanding of the mechanisms regulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine fish species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Kai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China. .,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guillot R, Cortés R, Navarro S, Mischitelli M, García-Herranz V, Sánchez E, Cal L, Navarro JC, Míguez JM, Afanasyev S, Krasnov A, Cone RD, Rotllant J, Cerdá-Reverter JM. Behind melanocortin antagonist overexpression in the zebrafish brain: A behavioral and transcriptomic approach. Horm Behav 2016; 82:87-100. [PMID: 27156808 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin signaling is regulated by the binding of naturally occurring antagonists, agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) that compete with melanocortin peptides by binding to melanocortin receptors to regulate energy balance and growth. Using a transgenic model overexpressing ASIP, we studied the involvement of melanocortin system in the feeding behaviour, growth and stress response of zebrafish. Our data demonstrate that ASIP overexpression results in enhanced growth but not obesity. The differential growth is explained by increased food intake and feeding efficiency mediated by a differential sensitivity of the satiety system that seems to involve the cocaine- and amphetamine- related transcript (CART). Stress response was similar in both genotypes. Brain transcriptome of transgenic (ASIP) vs wild type (WT) fish was compared using microarrays. WT females and males exhibited 255 genes differentially expressed (DEG) but this difference was reduced to 31 after ASIP overexpression. Statistical analysis revealed 1122 DEG when considering only fish genotype but 1066 and 981 DEG when comparing ASIP males or females with their WT counterparts, respectively. Interaction between genotype and sex significantly affected the expression of 97 genes. Several neuronal systems involved in the control of food intake were identified which displayed a differential expression according to the genotype of the fish that unravelling the flow of melanocortinergic information through the central pathways that controls the energy balance. The information provided herein will help to elucidate new central systems involved in control of obesity and should be of invaluable use for sustaining fish production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Guillot
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiolgy and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain, 12595
| | - Raúl Cortés
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiolgy and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain, 12595
| | - Sandra Navarro
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiolgy and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain, 12595
| | - Morena Mischitelli
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiolgy and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain, 12595
| | - Víctor García-Herranz
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiolgy and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain, 12595
| | - Elisa Sánchez
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiolgy and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain, 12595
| | - Laura Cal
- Aquatic Molecular Pathobiology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Lipid Group, Department of Biology, Culture and Pathology of Marine Species, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain, 12595
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain, 36310
| | - Sergey Afanasyev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, M. Toreza Av. 44, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Nofima Marine, Norwegian Institutes of Food, Fisheries & Aquaculture Research, 5010 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Roger D Cone
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall (0165),, Nashville, TN 37232-0165, United States
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Aquatic Molecular Pathobiology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
| | - Jose Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Control of Food Intake Group, Department of Fish Physiolgy and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain, 12595.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bueno-Marí R, Almeida APG, Navarro JC. Editorial: Emerging Zoonoses: Eco-Epidemiology, Involved Mechanisms, and Public Health Implications. Front Public Health 2015; 3:157. [PMID: 26106592 PMCID: PMC4459090 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Entomology and Pest Control Laboratory, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (ICBiBE), University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - A Paulo Gouveia Almeida
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal ; University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela , Caracas , Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Varó I, Redón S, Garcia-Roger EM, Amat F, Guinot D, Serrano R, Navarro JC. Aquatic pollution may favor the success of the invasive species A. franciscana. Aquat Toxicol 2015; 161:208-20. [PMID: 25723047 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Artemia consists of several bisexual and parthenogenetic sibling species. One of them, A. franciscana, originally restricted to the New World, becomes invasive when introduced into ecosystems out of its natural range of distribution. Invasiveness is anthropically favored by the use of cryptobiotic eggs in the aquaculture and pet trade. The mechanisms of out-competition of the autochthonous Artemia by the invader are still poorly understood. Ecological fitness may play a pivotal role, but other underlying biotic and abiotic factors may contribute. Since the presence of toxicants in hypersaline aquatic ecosystems has been documented, our aim here is to study the potential role of an organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos, in a congeneric mechanism of competition between the bisexual A. franciscana (AF), and one of the Old World parthenogenetic siblings, A. parthenogenetica (PD). For this purpose we carried out life table experiments with both species, under different concentrations of the toxicant (0.1, 1 and 5μg/l), and analyzed the cholinesterase inhibition at different developmental stages. The results evidence that both, AF and PD, showed an elevated tolerance to high ranges of chlorpyrifos, but AF survived better and its fecundity was less affected by the exposure to the pesticide than that of PD. The higher fecundity of AF is a selective advantage in colonization processes leading to its establishment as NIS. Besides, under the potential selective pressure of abiotic factors, such as the presence of toxicants, its higher resistance in terms of survival and biological fitness also indicates out-competitive advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain.
| | - S Redón
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
| | - E M Garcia-Roger
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - F Amat
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
| | - D Guinot
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
| | - R Serrano
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n. University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - J C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón 12595 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Muñoz M, Navarro JC. [Mayaro: a re-emerging Arbovirus in Venezuela and Latin America]. Biomedica 2013; 32:461-6. [PMID: 23242303 DOI: 10.1590/s0120-41572012000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mayaro virus produces nonspecific, sublethal disease symptoms, often confused with dengue, but with symptoms of arthalgias that can cause incapacitating disability. Outbreaks have been localized and sporadic in the Pan-Amazonia forest since its first isolation in 1954 (Trinidad and Tobago). The literature available is scarce, diverse and dispersed. Mayaro virus is an alphavirus, phylogenetically related to the Semliki forest antigenic complex. UNA and Mayaro viruses are the only viruses of this complex that have been isolated in the New World. Mayaro consists of single-stranded RNA of positive charge, length of 12 kb, subdivided into genomic and subgenomic regions, which encode nonstructural and structural proteins respectively. Mayaro shows a great plasticity in vertebrate host infection, whereas high specificity in the family Culicidae (mosquitoes). Risk factors of infection are associated with forest areas of northern South America and the rainy season. Two genotypes of MAYV have been identified, L (Belterra, Brazil) and D (widely distributed in the Pan-Amazonia). The enzootic cycle is similar to the jungle cycle of yellow fever, which involves Haemagogus mosquitoes and monkeys as reservoirs. However, the involvement of other secondary vectors and other hosts may be important in spread of the virus. Humans may have high levels of viremia, and efficient experimental transmission has been demonstrated in Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis, suggesting a significant risk to public health in urban, rural and peridomestic locations close to enzootic foci of Mayaro virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Muñoz
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Laboratorio Biología de Vectores y Parásitos, Centro de Ecología, Universidad Central de Venezuela
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Varó I, Navarro JC, Iglesias J, Otero JJ, Sánchez J, Almansa E, Monroig O, Hontoria F, Morales AE, Cardenete G. Studies on the characterisation of biomarkers of nutritionally-derived stress in paralarval cultures of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:473-476. [PMID: 25141745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
27
|
Monroig O, Hontoria F, Varó I, Tocher DR, Navarro JC. Investigating the essential fatty acid requirements of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis: a molecular approach. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:286-289. [PMID: 25141692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
28
|
Reis DB, Acosta NG, Almansa E, Navarro JC, Tocher DR, Monroig O, Andrade JP, Sykes AV, Rodríguez C. Endogenous metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in Artemia nauplii as determined through incubation with 14C-labelled fatty acid substrates. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:392-395. [PMID: 25141721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
29
|
Hontoria F, Redón S, Maccari M, Varó I, Navarro JC, Ballell L, Amat F. A revision of Artemia biodiversity in Macaronesia. Aquat Biosyst 2012; 8:25. [PMID: 23075404 PMCID: PMC3543279 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In a biogeographical context, the term Macaronesia broadly embraces the North Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. The peculiar arid climatic conditions in some of these places have led to the development of marine salt exploitations, which can be counted among the hypersaline habitats of the brine shrimp Artemia (Branchiopoda, Anostraca). Parthenogenetic populations of this anostracan were described in the Canary Islands during the last decades of the 20th century, while the American Artemia franciscana species was recently found in the Cape Verde archipelago. Following an invasive pattern, this exotic species has recently reached the Canary Islands, too. This paper reports information dealing with biotope loss (solar saltworks) in this biogeographical region, together with possible consequences concerning the arrival of invasive species, two factors that frequently promote dramatic biodiversity losses. The discussion of this threat focuses mainly on the Canary Islands archipelago where native species of Artemia still exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Stela Redón
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Marta Maccari
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco Amat
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dantur Juri MJ, Stein M, Rossi GC, Navarro JC, Zaidenberg M, Sallum MAM. New records of mosquitoes from northwestern Argentina. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2012; 28:111-113. [PMID: 22894121 DOI: 10.2987/12-6221r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Eleven mosquito species, namely Aedes hastatus, Ae. fulvus, Coquillettidia albicosta, Cq. juxtamansonia, Culex aliciae, Cx. delpontei, Cx. oedipus, Cx. pedroi, Mansonia flaveola, Uranotaenia leucoptera, and Wyeomyia oblita, are recorded for the first time from northwestern Argentina. In addition, 3 species, Cx. brethesi, Limatus durhami, and Ur. nataliae, are reported for the first time from Salta Province. These records extend the geographical distribution of these 3 species to Salta Province. This study also extends the geographical distributions of Cq. nigricans, Cx. chidesteri, and Ma. humeralis to Jujuy Province and of Ae. meprai, Ae. milleri, Ae. oligopistus, Cx. brethesi, Cx. fernandezi, and Cx. tatoi to Tucumán Province.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J Dantur Juri
- Instituto Superior de Entomología Dr. Abraham Willink, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fernandes D, Navarro JC, Riva C, Bordonali S, Porte C. Does exposure to testosterone significantly alter endogenous metabolism in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis? Aquat Toxicol 2010; 100:313-20. [PMID: 20850876 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to different concentrations of testosterone (T: 20, 200 and 2000ng/L) in a semi-static water regime (1-day dosing intervals) for up to 5 days in an attempt to see whether endogenous steroid levels and steroid metabolism were altered by exogenous exposure to testosterone. Whole tissue levels of total testosterone (free+esterified) sharply increased in a concentration-dependent manner, from 2ng/g in controls to 290ng/g in organisms exposed to the highest concentration. In contrast, levels of free testosterone were only significantly elevated at the high-exposure group (5-fold increase with respect to controls). Increased activity of palmitoyl-CoA:testosterone acyltransferase (ATAT) was detected in organisms exposed to the highest concentration of testosterone, while those exposed to low and medium concentrations showed significant alterations in their polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles. The obtained results suggest that esterification of the excess of T with fatty acids might act as a homeostatic mechanism to maintain endogenous levels of free T stable. Interestingly, a decrease in CYP3A-like activity was detected in T-exposed mussels together with a significant decrease in the metabolism of the androgen precursor androstenedione to dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). Overall, the work contributes to the better knowledge of androgen metabolism in mussels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Fernandes
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Varó I, Rigos G, Navarro JC, del Ramo J, Calduch-Giner J, Hernández A, Pertusa J, Torreblanca A. Effect of ivermectin on the liver of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: a proteomic approach. Chemosphere 2010; 80:570-577. [PMID: 20451238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata is the most commercialized Mediterranean aquacultured fish species. Ivermectin has recently (experimentally) started to be used to control ectoparasitic infestations in Mediterranean cultured marine fish. The potential hepatotoxicity of ivermectin was investigated in gilthead sea bream juveniles (35g) following oral administration at the recommended dose of 0.2 mgkg(-1) fish for 10d. Difference Gel Electrophoresis Technology (DIGE) was used to study the effect of this treatment in gilthead sea bream liver protein profile under routine culture conditions. The 2D-DIGE protein maps obtained were analyzed using the DeCyder 6.5 software. The results obtained showed significant changes in the expression of 36 proteins respect to the control group. Among these proteins, six increased in abundance, and 30 decreased. Spot showing differential expression respect to the control were analyzed by mass spectrometry and database search, which resulted in three positive identifications corresponding to hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism (apoA-I), oxidative stress responses and energy generation (beta-globin, ATP synthase subunit beta). These proteins have not been previously associated to invermectin effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Valencia. Dr. Moliner, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Benedito-Palos L, Navarro JC, Kaushik S, Pérez-Sánchez J. Tissue-specific robustness of fatty acid signatures in cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed practical diets with a combined high replacement of fish meal and fish oil. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:1759-70. [PMID: 20081079 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the tissue-specific robustness of fatty acid (FA) signatures of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) by analyzing the changes in lipid class and FA composition of skeletal muscle, brain, liver, and mesenteric adipose tissue. Triplicate groups of fish were fed to visual satiety over a 14-mo production cycle with 2 practical plant protein-based diets formulated with either fish oil or a blend of vegetable oils (66% of fish oil replacement) to contain 53% CP and 21% crude fat on a DM basis. Growth rates (P = 0.22) and tissue lipid class composition were not altered by the dietary treatment (P = 0.34 and 0.52 for neutral lipids and phospholipids, respectively). The FA signatures of neutral lipids reflected the composition of the diet, although the output of principal components analysis revealed a divergent FA profile for liver compared with skeletal muscle, brain, and mesenteric adipose tissue. Because the theoretical EFA needs were met by the 2 diets, the FA composition of phospholipids remained almost unaltered in all tissues. Interestingly, however, the brain showed the greatest robustness and regulatory capacity to preserve the phenotype of fish fed fish oil-based diets. The FA signatures of total lipids are a combinatory result of neutral and polar lipids, and the most relevant fat storage tissues (mesenteric adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) were more easily influenced by dietary FA composition. The present study provides new insights into fish tissue FA composition and reinforces the use of FA signatures as useful criteria in determining whether EFA requirements for a wide range of physiological processes, including those of neural tissues, can be met with practical fish feeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Benedito-Palos
- Nutrition and Animal Health Research Unit, Institute of Aquaculture Torre la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lyssimachou A, Navarro JC, Bachmann J, Porte C. Triphenyltin alters lipid homeostasis in females of the ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis. Environ Pollut 2009; 157:1714-1720. [PMID: 19162385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molluscs are sensitive species to the toxic effects of organotin compounds, particularly to masculinisation. Both tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) have been recently shown to bind to mollusc retinoid X receptor (RXR). If RXR is involved in lipid homeostasis, exposure to TPT would have an immediate effect on endogenous lipids. To test this hypothesis, the ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis was exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TPT (30, 125, 500 ng/L as Sn) in a semi-static water regime for 7 days. Percentage of lipids and total fatty acid content decreased significantly in TPT-exposed females while the activity of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase, involved in fatty acid catabolism, increased. In addition, fatty acid profiles (carbon chain length and unsaturation degree) were significantly altered in exposed females but not in males. This work highlights the ability of TPT to disrupt lipid metabolism in M. cornuarietis at environmentally realistic concentrations and the higher susceptibility of females in comparison to males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Lyssimachou
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Venketasubramanian N, Chen CLH, Gan RN, Chan BPL, Chang HM, Tan SB, Picard D, Navarro JC, Baroque AC, Poungvarin N, Donnan GA, Bousser MG. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter study to investigate CHInese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES Study). Int J Stroke 2009; 4:54-60. [PMID: 19236501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rationale Traditional Chinese Medications(TCM) have been reported to have beneficial effects in stroke patients, but were not rigorously evaluated by GCP standards. Aim This study tests the hypothesis that Neuroaid, a TCM widely used in China post-stroke, is superior to placebo in reducing neurological deficit and improving functional outcome in patients with acute cerebral infarction of an intermediate severity. Design This is a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Neuroaid in ischemic stroke patients with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) 6-14 treated within 48 h of stroke onset. Neuroaid or placebo is taken (4 capsules) 3 times daily for 3 months. Treatments are assigned using block randomization, stratified for centers, via a central web-randomization system. With a power of 90% and two-sided test of 5% type I error, a sample size is 874. Allowing for a drop-out rate of up to 20%, 1100 individuals should be enrolled in this study. Study Outcomes The primary efficacy endpoint is the modified Rankin Scale(mRS) grades at 3 months. Secondary efficacy endpoints are the NIHSS score at 3 months; difference of NIHSS scores between baseline and 10 days, and between baseline and 3 months; difference of NIHSS sub-scores between baseline and 10 days, and between baseline and 3 months; mRS at 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months; Barthel index at 3 months; Mini Mental State Examination at 10 days and 3 months. Safety outcomes include complete blood count, renal and liver panels, and electrocardiogram. STUDY REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00554723.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sentissi O, Navarro JC, De Oliveira H, Gourion D, Bourdel MC, Baylé FJ, Olié JP, Poirier MF. Bipolar disorders and quality of life: the impact of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse in euthymic patients. Psychiatry Res 2008; 161:36-42. [PMID: 18786727 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with bipolar disorders (BPD) display high rates of comorbidities, especially substance abuse (20-40%) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (6%-20%). However, there are virtually no data evaluating the role of current ADHD on the global functioning of patients with BPD. The recent literature suggests that impairments in quality of life are a key prognostic feature for predicting the long course of BPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the intrinsic impact of adult ADHD and substance abuse in patients with BPD on levels of social adaptation, functioning and vitality. Seventy-three outpatients with BPD I or II, all euthymic and being treated with mood stabilizers, were evaluated using the following measures: 1) the Diagnostic Interview of Genetics Study for DSM-IV criteria; 2) the ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) (screening of adult ADHD); 3) measures of quality of life: social adaptation (Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report (SAS-SR)), well-being (Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey), and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. In this clinical sample, 30% met the ADHD criteria and 22% were substance abusers. The results showed that the presence of ADHD in BPD patients significantly predicted a low social functioning and adaptation by comparison with BPD patients without ADHD. By contrast, we failed to detect a significant impact of substance abuse on those functional outcomes. This is the first step towards improved screening for comorbidities and an understanding of their crucial role in the prognosis of the disorder, as well as in defining new multilevel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Varó I, Amat F, Navarro JC. Acute toxicity of dichlorvos to Aphanius iberus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) and its anti-cholinesterase effects on this species. Aquat Toxicol 2008; 88:53-61. [PMID: 18433895 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide (OP) dichlorvos to the endangered Iberian toothcarp (Aphanius iberus). To this end, the lethal toxicity of dichlorvos based on 96h-LC50 bioassays was determined in saline water (50g/L), and in vivo effects of dichlorvos on cholinesterase (ChE) activity were investigated in adult female and male specimens. The 96h-LC50 value determined by probit analysis was 3.17mg/L (95% confidence limits: 1.34-3.97). The characterisation of the ChE using different substrates and specific inhibitors was also carried out in head and muscle tissues. Acetylthiocholine was the substrate preferred by both head and muscle ChE in males and females. Eserine sulphate and BW284C51 significantly inhibited both head and muscle enzyme activity at low concentrations (muM range), and iso-OMPA had no significant effect. These results indicate that in the head and muscle the predominant ChE form is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for both sexes. The kinetic parameters for ChE activity (Km and Vmax) were similar in both sexes. The 96h-LC50 value obtained for adult specimens of Iberian toothcarp was 3.17mg/L. ChE activity in head and body tissues of both sexes was significantly inhibited in all concentrations tested (0.5, 1, 2 and 4mg/L) after "in vivo" dichlorvos exposure. However, Iberian toothcarp was able to tolerate high concentrations of dichlorvos, and resist high levels of brain and muscle ChE inhibition without mortality. Both ChE inhibition and recovery followed a similar time-course pattern in response to sub-lethal exposure to dichlorvos (1mg/L), and the enzyme activity did not return to control levels after 96h in clean water. The results of this study show that ChE activity is a good biomarker of exposure to OP in the Iberian toothcarp adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner s/n, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Janer G, Navarro JC, Porte C. Exposure to TBT increases accumulation of lipids and alters fatty acid homeostasis in the ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 146:368-74. [PMID: 17544855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that organotin compounds affect lipid homeostasis in vertebrates, probably through interaction with RXR and/or PPARgamma receptors. Molluscs are sensitive species to the toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT), particularly to masculinization, and TBT has been recently shown to bind to molluscs RXR. Thus, we hypothesized that exposure to TBT could affect lipid homeostasis in the ramshorn snail Marisa cornuarietis. For comparative purposes, the synthetic androgen methyl-testosterone (MT) was included in the study due to its masculinization effects, but its lack of binding to the RXR receptor. M. cornuarietis was exposed to different concentrations of TBT (30, 125, 500 ng/L as Sn) and MT (30, 300 ng/L) for 100 days. Females exposed to 500 ng/L TBT showed increased percentage of lipids and increased levels of fatty acids in the digestive gland/gonad complex (2- to 3-fold). In addition, fatty acid profiles were altered in both males and females exposed to 125 and 500 ng/L TBT. These effects were not observed in females exposed to MT. Overall, this work suggest that TBT acts as a potent inducer of lipid and fatty acid accumulation in M. cornuarietis as shown in vertebrate studies earlier, and that sex differences in sensitivity do exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Janer
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IIQAB-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Varó I, Amat F, Navarro JC, Barreda M, Pitarch E, Serrano R. Assessment of the efficacy of Artemia sp (Crustacea) cysts chorion as barrier to chlorpyrifos (organophosphorus pesticide) exposure. Effect on hatching and survival. Sci Total Environ 2006; 366:148-53. [PMID: 16797674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to reveal the efficacy of the Artemia cysts chorion as barrier to the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos, whole and decapsulated cysts have been exposed to 10 mg L(-1) chlorpyrifos in sea water during hydration and hatching phase, separately. The concentration of chlorpyrifos in capsulated and decapsulated cysts after exposure has been determined in order to elucidate the efficacy of chorion as protection to the embryo. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of the cysts chorion to obstruct the pass of chlorpyrifos molecules through this protection structure. Thus, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in exposed decapsulated cysts is higher than in exposed whole cysts. Moreover, after removing the chorion of exposed cysts, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in the embryo was lower than that of cysts exposed, what would demonstrate the retention of chlorpyrifos molecules by the shell. Hatching was not severely affected by exposure to the insecticide whereas survival at 44 h of the nauplii exposed to chlorpyrifos was significantly different from the controls. Survival of nauplii hatched from exposed decapsulated cysts was higher than that from those hatched from exposed whole cysts, probably because of the lower vitality of the latter, due to depletion of energy reserves during hatching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Departamento Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Masiá M, Gutiérrez F, Shum C, Padilla S, Navarro JC, Flores E, Hernández I. Usefulness of procalcitonin levels in community-acquired pneumonia according to the patients outcome research team pneumonia severity index. Chest 2005; 128:2223-9. [PMID: 16236878 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.4.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the usefulness of procalcitonin serum levels as a predictor of etiology and prognosis in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) when they are stratified according to severity. DESIGN One-year, population-based, prospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS All adult patients who received a diagnosis of CAP throughout the study period. INTERVENTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS An extensive noninvasive microbiological workup was performed. In patients who gave informed consent, a blood sample was collected at the time the diagnosis of CAP was established to measure biological markers. Procalcitonin levels were measured by a commercially available monoclonal immunoluminometric assay (limit of detection, 0.1 microg/L). Patients were classified according to microbial diagnosis, Patients Outcome Research Team pneumonia severity index (PSI), and outcome measures, and procalcitonin levels were compared among groups. RESULTS Of 240 patients who received a diagnosis of CAP during the study period, procalcitonin concentrations were measured in 185 patients (77.1%). Levels were higher in patients with high-severity risk classes (PSI classes III-V) [p = 0.01] and in those with complications (p = 0.03) or death (p < 0.0001). Among patients classified into PSI low-severity risk classes (classes I-II), levels tended to be higher in those with bacterial etiology (p = 0.08); in this group, a serum procalcitonin level > or = 0.15 microg/L was more frequently found in patients with bacterial pneumonia than in those with nonbacterial pneumonia (p = 0.03). In patients with higher-severity risk classes, no significant differences were observed in procalcitonin levels among etiologic groups, but higher concentrations were associated with development of complications (p = 0.01) and death (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Procalcitonin contribution to the evaluation of CAP varies according to severity. While procalcitonin may have a role to predict the microbial etiology in patients with a low PSI score, in patients classified within high PSI risk classes, it is a prognostic marker rather than a predictor of etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de la Almazara S/N; 03203 ELCHE, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barata C, Varo I, Navarro JC, Arun S, Porte C. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna exposed to redox cycling compounds. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2005; 140:175-86. [PMID: 15907763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Contaminant-related changes in antioxidative processes in the freshwater crustacea Daphnia magna exposed to model redox cycling contaminant were assessed. Activities of key antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferases and levels of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lipofucsin pigment content were determined in D. magna juveniles after being exposed to sublethal levels of menadione, paraquat, endosulfan, cadmium and copper for 48 h. Results denoted different patterns of antioxidant enzyme responses, suggesting that different toxicants may induce different antioxidant/prooxidant responses depending on their ability to produce reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes to detoxify them. Low responses of antioxidant enzyme activities for menadione and endosulfan, associated with increasing levels of lipid peroxidation and enhanced levels of antioxidant enzyme activities for paraquat, seemed to prevent lipid peroxidation, whereas high levels of both antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were found for copper. For cadmium, low antioxidant enzyme responses coupled with negligible increases in lipid peroxidation indicated low potential for cadmium to alter the antioxidant/prooxidant status in Daphnia. Among the studied enzymes, total glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase appeared to be the most responsive biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barata
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, INTEXTER-UPC, CN 150, Km 14.5, 08220 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Barata C, Navarro JC, Varo I, Riva MC, Arun S, Porte C. Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation in Daphnia magna during the aging process. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 140:81-90. [PMID: 15621513 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the balance between endogenous pro-oxidative and antioxidative processes in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna (Crustacea) were assessed. The activities of key antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and levels of lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were determined in eight age classes, covering juvenile, young and senescent adults. Age-related changes in fatty acid composition were also measured to examine the contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the peroxidation status of animals. Biochemical responses depicted in this study demonstrated that age-related decline in survival was accompanied by increasing oxidative stress and oxidative damage. Enhanced oxidative stress in aging D. magna was suggested by the significant increase in the formation of lipid peroxides, and a concomitant reduction of unsaturated fatty acids of 20 or more carbon atoms. Because aging was accompanied by selective loss of key antioxidant enzymes and small changes in the amount of PUFA, the breakdown of antioxidant defences might have directly contributed to oxidative stress, membrane lipid peroxide and a decline of survival. Indeed, the results reported here, indicate that age-related increases of lipid peroxides were at least partially due to the functional imbalance of enzymatic antioxidant defences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barata
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (UPC), CN 150 Km 14.5, Terrassa 08220, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Masiá M, Gutiérrez F, Llorca B, Navarro JC, Mirete C, Padilla S, Hernández I, Flores E. Serum Concentrations of Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein as a Biochemical Marker to Differentiate Microbial Etiology in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Clin Chem 2004; 50:1661-4. [PMID: 15331500 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Chemistry Service, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Barrera R, Torres N, Freier JE, Navarro JC, García CZ, Salas R, Vasquez C, Weaver SC. Characterization of enzootic foci of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in western Venezuela. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2003; 1:219-30. [PMID: 12653150 DOI: 10.1089/153036601753552585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of the sylvatic subtype ID Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses in the lowland tropical forests of western Venezuela was investigated using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery was used to study the reflectance patterns of VEE endemic foci and to identify other locations with similar reflectance patterns. Enzootic VEE virus variants isolated during this study are the closest genetic relatives of the epizootic viruses that emerged in western Venezuela during 1992-1993. VEE virus surveillance was conducted by exposing sentinel hamsters to mosquito bites and trapping wild vertebrates in seven forests identified and located by means of the satellite image. We isolated VEE viruses from 48 of a total of 1,363 sentinel hamsters in two of the forests on six occasions, in both dry and wet seasons. None of the 12 small vertebrates captured in 8,190 trap-nights showed signs of previous VEE virus infection. The satellite image was classified into 13 validated classes of land use/vegetation using unsupervised and supervised techniques. Data derived from the image consisted of the raw digital values of near- and mid-infrared bands 4, 5, and 7, derived Tasseled Cap indices of wetness, greenness, and brightness, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Digitized maps provided ancillary data of elevation and soil geomorphology. Image enhancement was applied using Principal Component Analysis. A digital layer of roads together with georeferenced images was used to locate the study sites. A cluster analysis using the above data revealed two main groups of dense forests separated by spectral properties, altitude, and soil geomorphology. Virus was isolated more frequently from the forest type identified on flat flood plains of main rivers rather than the forest type found on the rolling hills of the study area. The spatial analysis suggests that mosquitoes carrying the enzootic viruses would reach 82-97% of the total land area by flying only 1-3 km from forests. We hypothesize that humans within that area are at risk of severe disease caused by enzootic ID VEE viruses. By contrast, equines could actually become naturally vaccinated, thus preventing the local emergence of epizootic IC VEE virus strains and protecting humans indirectly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Barrera
- Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Torres P, Camarena JJ, Gomez JR, Nogueira JM, Gimeno V, Navarro JC, Olmos A. Comparison of PCR mediated amplification of DNA and the classical methods for detection of Mycobacterium leprae in different types of clinical samples in leprosy patients and contacts. LEPROSY REV 2003; 74:18-30. [PMID: 12669929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional staining and microscopic examination techniques for the detection of Mycobacterium leprae, DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a 531-bp fragment of the M. leprae specific gene encoding the 36-kDa antigen, and serodiagnosis with M. leprae specific antigens (PGL-1 and D-BSA) were compared on different clinical specimens (serum samples, slit-skin smears, biopsies and swabs) from 60 leprosy patients attending the Sanatorium of Fontilles. Patients were divided into groups; (i) 20 multibacillary patients (MB) with positive bacteriological index (BI) by conventional methods and on WHO multidrug therapy (MDT); (ii) 30 MB patients with negative BI and completed minimum 2 years treatment MDT; (iii) 10 paucibacillary (PB) patients who had completed 6 months MDT at least 8 years ago. Control groups included four non-leprosy patients for PCR methods and 40 health control patients and 10 tuberculosis patients for serological methods. In the multibacillary BI positive group, there was a good correlation between all methods. All tests were negative in the paucibacillary group, although only a few patients were tested and all had been treated many years ago. One must be cautious concerning the diagnostic potential of these techniques in this type of leprosy. We also studied different combinations of leprosy diagnosis methods to determine the potential risk in a leprosy contact individuals group. The prevalence of antibodies to M. leprae antigens in serum was measured, together with the presence of M. leprae DNA in the nose and lepromin status in a group of 43 contacts of leprosy patients (12 household and 31 occupational) to evaluate the maintenance of infection reservoirs and transmission of the disease. Only two individuals were found to form a potential high risk group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Torres
- Sanatorio San Francisco de Borja, Fontilles, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Varó I, Navarro JC, Amat F, Guilhermino L. Characterisation of cholinesterases and evaluation of the inhibitory potential of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to Artemia salina and Artemia parthenogenetica. Chemosphere 2002; 48:563-569. [PMID: 12143930 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the acute toxicity of the organophosphorous pesticides dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos to two different species of Artemia (A. salina and A. parthenogenetica) was evaluated. In addition, the in vivo effect of these two pesticides on cholinesterase (ChE) activity of both A. salina and A. parthenogenetica was also determined. The characterisation of the ChE, using different substrates and specific inhibitors, and the normal range of activity in non-exposed individuals were previously investigated for both species. The results obtained indicate that the ChE of A. salina is different from that of A. parthenogenetica and that both enzymes cannot be classified neither as acetylcholinesterase nor as butyrylcholinesterase since they show intermediary characteristics between the two vertebrate forms. The range of normal ChE activity was 2.65+/-0.15 U/mg protein for A. salina, and 3.69+/-0.17 U/mg protein for A. parthenogenetica. Significant in vivo effects of both pesticides on Artemia ChE activity were found, at concentrations between 5.38 and 9.30 mg/l for dichlorvos and between 1.85 and 3.19 mg/l for chlorpyrifos. Both Artemia species are resistant to these pesticides and they are able to survive with more than 80% ChE inhibition. However, A. parthenogenetica is more resistant than A. salina, with about a 95% reduction in its ChE activity respect to the control for nauplii exposed to the median lethal concentrations (LC50), without lethal effects after 24 h of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón España, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Varó I, Serrano R, Pitarch E, Amat F, López FJ, Navarro JC. Bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos through an experimental food chain: study of protein HSP70 as biomarker of sublethal stress in fish. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 42:229-235. [PMID: 11815815 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-001-0013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2001] [Accepted: 09/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and transfer of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos has been studied in an experimental aquatic two-level food chain using two species of the crustacean Artemia (A. franciscana and A. parthenogenetica) and the small fish Aphanius iberus. Artemia adults contaminated by exposure to the pesticide in water were used as live prey for Aphanius, the next trophic level. During the experimental bioaccumulation phase, fish were fed chlorpyrifos-contaminated Artemia pools with concentrations between 6.5 and 14.5 ng/g fresh weight for 32 days. Both concentrations accumulated in fish, and biomagnification factor (BMF) values showed a continuous decrease during the bioaccumulation phase, probably due to the physicochemical characteristics of the organophosphorus pesticide, to the biotransformation ability of fish and to the progressive adaptation of fish metabolism to toxic exposure. The first day that fish were fed uncontaminated preys, the pesticide accumulated via food was rapidly eliminated and was not detected. The effect of chlorpyrifos exposure through the food chain on stress protein (HSP70) synthesis was measured as a general biochemical response of stress in the fish (A. iberus). The levels of HSP70 were significantly higher in fish fed on contaminated Artemia than in the control fish fed on uncontaminated Artemia. Results showed that the HSP70 induction in fish could be associated to exposure of chlorpyrifos via food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, C.S.I.C., 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Moncayo AC, Medina GM, Kalvatchev Z, Brault AC, Barrera R, Boshell J, Ferro C, Freier JE, Navarro JC, Salas R, De Siger J, Vasquez C, Walder R, Weaver SC. Genetic diversity and relationships among Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus field isolates from Colombia and Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 65:738-46. [PMID: 11791968 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
During field studies of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses associated with epizootic emergence, a large number of virus isolates were made in sylvatic foci of Venezuela and Colombia. To rapidly characterize these isolates, antigenic subtypes were determined by means of immunofluorescence and by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis by use of an 856-bp fragment from the P62 gene, which we used to distinguish genetic variants. Representative isolates were sequenced to assess the sensitivity of SSCP to detect genetic differences. The SSCP analysis distinguished isolates differing by as little as 1 nucleotide; overall, differences of > or = 1 nucleotide were recognized 89% of the time, and the sensitivity to distinguish strains that differed by only 1 or 4 nucleotides was 17 and 57%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of representative sequences showed that all recent isolates from the Catatumbo region of western Venezuela and the middle Magdalena Valley of Colombia were closely related to epizootic subtype IAB and IC strains; strains from Yaracuy and Miranda States were more distantly related. Cocirculation of the same virus genotype in both Colombian and Venezuelan foci indicated that these viruses are readily transported between enzootic regions separated by > 300 km. The SSCP analysis appears to be a simple, fast, and relatively efficient method of screening VEE virus isolates to identify meaningful genetic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Moncayo
- Center for Tropical Disease and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0609, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mendez W, Liria J, Navarro JC, Garcia CZ, Freier JE, Salas R, Weaver SC, Barrera R. Spatial dispersion of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a sylvatic focus of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. J Med Entomol 2001; 38:813-821. [PMID: 11761379 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-38.6.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We studied the spatial localization of mosquitoes in sylvatic focus of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in western Venezuela to identify mosquito species potentially involved in the hypothesized transport of viruses out of enzootic foci. The following criteria were used to identify species with potential for virus export: (1) common in the forest and surrounding area, (2) feeding on a wide range of vertebrates; (3) long dispersal capabilities, and (4) established vectorial competence for enzootic or epizootic VEE viruses. CDC traps baited with light/CO2 were operated for four and 12-h intervals to collect mosquitoes at four stations along two forest/open area transects from September to November 1997. We collected 60,444 mosquitoes belonging to 11 genera and 34 species. The most common species were Aedes serratus (Theobald), Ae. scapularis (Rondani), Ae. fulvus (Wiedmann), Culex nigripalus Theobald, Cx, (Culex) "sp", Cx. mollis Dyar & Knab, Cx. spissipes (Theobald), Cx. pedroi Sirivanakarn and Belkin, Psorophora ferox (Humboldt), Ps. albipes (Theobald), and Ps. cingulata (F.). Very few mosquitoes were captured during the (day in the open area outside the forest, suggesting that any virus export from the forest may occur at night. The following mosquitoes seemed to be mostly restricted to the forest habitat: Ae. serratus, Ps. ferox, Ps. albipes, sabethines, Cx. spissipes, Cx. pedroi, Cx. dunni Dyar, and Ae. fulvus. The main species implicated its potential virus export were Cx. nigripalpus, Ae. scapularis, and Mansonia titillans (Walker).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Mendez
- Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Salas RA, Garcia CZ, Liria J, Barrera R, Navarro JC, Medina G, Vasquez C, Fernandez Z, Weaver SC. Ecological studies of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in north-central Venezuela, 1997-1998. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 64:84-92. [PMID: 11425168 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.64.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
From 1997-1998, we investigated the possible continuous circulation of epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus suggested by a 1983 subtype IC interepizootic mosquito isolate made in Panaquire, Miranda State, Venezuela. The study area was originally covered by lowland tropical rainforest but has been converted into cacao plantations. Sentinel hamsters, small mammal trapping, mosquito collections, and human serosurveys were used to detect active or recent virus circulation. Six strains of subtype ID VEE virus were isolated from hamsters that displayed no apparent disease. Four other arboviruses belonging to group A (Togaviridae: Alphavirus), two Bunyamwera group (Bunyaviridae), and three Gamboa group (Bunyaviridae) arboviruses were also isolated from hamsters, as well as 8 unidentified viruses. Venezuelan equine encephalitis-specific antibodies were detected in 5 small mammal species: Proechimys guairae, Marmosa spp., and Didelphis marsupialis. Mosquito collections comprised of 38 different species, including 8 members of the subgenus Culex (Melanoconion), did not yield any virus isolates. Sera from 195 humans, either workers in the cacao plantation or nearby residents, were all negative for VEE virus antibodies. Sequences of 1,677 nucleotides from the P62 gene of 2 virus isolates indicated that they represent a subtype ID lineage that is distinct from all others characterized previously, and are unrelated to epizootic VEE emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Salas
- Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|