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Chin AWT, Tse KS, Lee HC, Hon YW, Lo KL. Imaging Features and Techniques in Assessment of Cleft Palate. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- AWT Chin
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KS Tse
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - HC Lee
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - YW Hon
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KL Lo
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
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Chin AWT, Tse KS, Chu PY. Piriformis Syndrome is a Rare Cause of Insidious Unilateral Lower Limb Weakness and Buttock Pain: a Case Report. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2020. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2017102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- AWT Chin
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - KS Tse
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - PY Chu
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
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Chan JPK, Shek KW, Tse KS. Cervical Intraspinal Lipoblastoma in the Cervical Spinal Canal: A Case Report. Hong Kong J Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.12809//hkjr1916865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ko KWS, Tse KS, Shek KW, Hau MN, Ting SH. Well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis testis of unknown malignant potential: Sonographic appearance. J Clin Ultrasound 2018; 46:364-367. [PMID: 28990688 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paratesticular mesothelioma is a rare differential diagnosis in the presence of scrotal hydrocele. A 17-year-old boy presented with a 3-year history of progressive hydrocele. Sonography revealed a large left paratesticular mass within the hydrocele. Serum tumor markers were negative. Left hydrocelectomy was performed and pathological analysis of the epididymal mass revealed a well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma. We discuss the sonographic and pathological findings of this rare neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W S Ko
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K S Tse
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K W Shek
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M N Hau
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S H Ting
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
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Chan-Yeung M, Kinsella M, Chan H, Lam S, Tse KS, Salari H. Release of Histamine, Prostaglandins, and Leukotrienes after Antigen Challenge in Hayfever Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2500/105065888781693041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nasal washes before and at intervals after nasal challenge with mixed grass pollen extract were carried out in nine patients with allergic rhinitis and four control subjects. In the nasal wash, histamine was measured using the radioenzymatic method, prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Control subjects did not react to allergen challenge. Small amounts of histamine (0.47 ± 0.23 ng/ml) and PGD2 were found in the nasal fluid before challenge with no increase in either mediator after challenge. Leukotrienes were not found before or after challenge. Subjects with allergic rhinitis developed sneezing, rhinorrhea, and stuffy nose after challenge. High levels of histamine (5.3 ± 7.0 ng/ml) and PGD2 (2.7 ± 3.2 ng/ml) were found in the first prechallenge wash even though the subjects were asymptomatic. The second prechallenge wash showed reduction of histamine (2.8 ± 5.2 ng/ml) and PGD2 (1.4 ± 1.8 ng/ml). Five to 15 minutes after antigen challenge, there was a rise in histamine and PGD2 in four of nine subjects. No LTs were detectable in the prechallenge wash. Five of nine subjects showed a rise in LTC4 and/or LTE4, immediately after challenge. Our results showed that although nasal challenge with antigen can induce the release of mediators in seven of nine subjects with allergic rhinitis, the profile of mediator release was variable, and there was no correlation between the type or amount of mediator released and the severity of the nasal symptoms. The pathogenetic role of these mediators in pollenallergic rhinitis needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Chan-Yeung
- The Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Mario Kinsella
- The Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Henry Chan
- The Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Stephen Lam
- The Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Kam S. Tse
- The Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | - Hassan Salari
- The Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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Lee JCY, Tse KS, Lau HY, Fok WS, Chan KK, Chat WH, Yung WK, Mui TM. High-pitch Dual-source Computed Tomography Coupled with Sinogram-affirmed Iterative Reconstruction: Image Quality and Radiation Dose in Children. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1616427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chu KM, Chan CM, Tse KS, Wai AMW, Wong LLS, Fan TW. Intussusception in Children: What Emergency Physicians Need to Know? HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791101800616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - CM Chan
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Accident and Emergency Department, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chu KM, Chan CM, Tse KS, Wai AMW, Wong LLS, Fan TW. Intussusception in Children: What Emergency Physicians Need to Know? HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791101800615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - CM Chan
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Accident and Emergency Department, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chin TWY, Tse KS. Clinical and Radiological Differentiation of Septic Arthritis and Transient Synovitis of the Hip. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1716813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee ACW, Tse KS, Lai KC, Chan MK, Tsang WK, Shiu CK, Cheng SS, Tang KW. Bone Surface Tumours and Tumour-like Conditions. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1716433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Fok EWS, Poon WL, Tse KS, Lau HY, Chan CH, Pan NY, Cho HY, Yeung TW, Wong YC, Leung KW, Khoo JLS, Tang KW. Angiographic factors associated with haemorrhagic presentation of brain arteriovenous malformation in a Chinese paediatric population. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 21:401-6. [PMID: 26234688 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj144339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify specific angiographic factors associated with haemorrhagic presentation of brain arteriovenous malformation in Chinese paediatric patients. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Four locoregional tertiary neurosurgical centres in Hong Kong: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Tuen Mun Hospital, Kwong Wah Hospital, and Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital. PATIENTS Patients aged 18 years or younger who underwent pretreatment digital subtraction angiography for brain arteriovenous malformation between 1 January 2005 and 31 July 2013 were included. Patients were divided into haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic groups based on the initial presentation. Pretreatment digital subtraction angiographies were independently reviewed by two experienced neuroradiologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The following parameters were evaluated for their association with haemorrhagic presentation by univariate and multivariate analyses: nidus location, nidus size, nidus morphology (diffuse or compact); origin and number of arterial feeders; venous drainage; number of draining veins; presence of aneurysms, venous varices, and venous stenosis. RESULTS A total of 67 children and adolescents (28 male, 39 female) with a mean age of 12 years were included. Of them, 52 (78%) presented with haemorrhage. Arteriovenous malformation size (P=0.004) and morphology (P=0.05) were found to be associated with haemorrhagic presentation by univariate analysis. Small arteriovenous malformation nidus size and diffuse nidal morphology were identified as independent risk factors for haemorrhage by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Smaller arteriovenous malformation size and diffuse nidal morphology are angiographic factors independently associated with haemorrhagic presentation. Bleeding risk is important in determining the therapeutic approach (aggressive vs conservative) and timeframe, particularly in paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine W S Fok
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - W L Poon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - K S Tse
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - H Y Lau
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - C H Chan
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - N Y Pan
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong (currently at Department of Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong)
| | - H Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - T W Yeung
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - K W Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Jennifer L S Khoo
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - K W Tang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
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Fok WSE, Poon WL, Chu KM, Lee CY, Lee CW, Tse KS, Wai WC, Chiu LF. A Study on the Performance of Breast One-Stop Clinic in Queen Elizabeth Hospital. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1514243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tse KS, Wong LS, Lau HY, Fok WS, Chan YH, Tang KW, Chan SCH. Paediatric vesicoureteric reflux imaging: where are we? Novel ultrasound-based voiding urosonography. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20:437-43. [PMID: 25045883 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj144215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicoureteric reflux is an important association of paediatric urinary tract infection. Fluoroscopic micturating cystourethrography and radionuclide cystography have been employed for detecting and grading vesicoureteric reflux. However, both modalities involve ionising radiation, which can pose significant radiation risk to growing children. They also have a lower detection rate due to intermittent fluoroscopic technique in micturating cystourethrography, and lower spatial resolution in radionuclide cystography. Therefore, newer radiation-free ultrasound-based contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography has been developed in Europe for 15 years. This article aimed to summarise the current literature and discuss the first local pilot study in our institution on detection of vesicoureteric reflux by contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography. Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography is a valid alternative to micturating cystourethrography in assessing vesicoureteric reflux, based on its superior diagnostic performance, reliability, safety, feasibility, and radiation safety for children. Therefore, it should be incorporated in the guideline for investigating paediatric urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Tse
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - L S Wong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - H Y Lau
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - W S Fok
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - Y H Chan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - K W Tang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - Susan C H Chan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
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Au YLE, Ma KM, Sy WM, Lee WC, Leung LSJ, Au Yeung YC, Chu MY, Chung CKJ, Ho PK, Lau WL, Law PK, Siu PY, Tse KS, Wong V. Use of developmental language scales in Chinese children. Brain Dev 2004; 26:127-9. [PMID: 15036432 DOI: 10.1016/s0387-7604(03)00112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Revised: 05/19/2003] [Accepted: 05/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Reynell Developmental Language Scale (RDLS) and Symbolic Play Test (SPT) have been useful language tests for assessing the language age of children. Both tests have been validated in English-speaking children. However, there have been no studies conducted for Chinese children, whether Mandarin (Northerners) or Cantonese (Southerners) is used as the main dialect. As the Chinese population is the largest ethnic group in the world, and Chinese emigration occurred to nearly all parts of the world, it is essential to test whether these language tools can be applied for this ethnic group. The objective of this research was to study whether RDLS and SPT are useful in assessing the language age of Chinese children. Both RDLS (Chinese version) and SPT are conducted for 116 Chinese (Cantonese-speaking) children, aged 13-59 months, in Hong Kong. There is a significant positive correlation of the language age using RDLS and SPT with the chronological age of Chinese children. Both RDLS and SPT can be adopted in determining the language/mental age of Chinese (Cantonese-speaking) children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L E Au
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Cheung BMY, Ho C, Kou KO, Kuong EEYL, Lai KW, Leow PL, Tam PK, Tse KS, Tung KL, Woo PYM. Knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among the public in Hong Kong: telephone questionnaire survey. Hong Kong Med J 2003; 9:323-8. [PMID: 14530525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the knowledge of basic life-support and training experience in cardiopulmonary resuscitation among the public in Hong Kong and to identify areas for improvement in public education. DESIGN Telephone interview using a structured multiple-choice questionnaire. SETTING Random cross-section of the Hong Kong public, from mid-March to May 2002. PARTICIPANTS Men and women aged 16 years and older selected using random telephone dialling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Overall score in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 357 participants, approximately 12% had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge in Hong Kong was poor, even among the previously trained and especially with regard to circulatory maintenance. The most common reason for not taking cardiopulmonary resuscitation training was lack of time. CONCLUSION The degree of citizen preparedness in initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation is very poor in Hong Kong. Intensified educational efforts and exploration of new approaches to improve this first stage in the chain of survival are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Y Cheung
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, ROC
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Hanson RL, Howell JM, LaPorte TL, Donovan MJ, Cazzulino DL, Zannella V, Montana MA, Nanduri VB, Schwarz SR, Eiring RF, Durand SC, Wasylyk JM, Parker WL, Liu MS, Okuniewicz FJ, Chen B, Harris JC, Natalie KJ, Ramig K, Swaminathan S, Rosso VW, Pack SK, Lotz BT, Bernot PJ, Rusowicz A, Lust DA, Tse KS, Venit JJ, Szarka LJ, Patel RN. Synthesis of allysine ethylene acetal using phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Thermoactinomyces intermedius. Enzyme Microb Technol 2000; 26:348-358. [PMID: 10713207 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allysine ethylene acetal [(S)-2-amino-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-pentanoic acid (2)] was prepared from the corresponding keto acid by reductive amination using phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PDH) from Thermoactinomyces intermedius ATCC 33205. Glutamate, alanine, and leucine dehydrogenases, and PDH from Sporosarcina species (listed in order of increasing effectiveness) also gave the desired amino acid but were less effective. The reaction requires ammonia and NADH. NAD produced during the reaction was recyled to NADH by the oxidation of formate to CO(2) using formate dehydrogenase (FDH). PDH was produced by growth of T. intermedius ATCC 33205 or by growth of recombinant Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris expressing the Thermoactinomyces enzyme. Using heat-dried T. intermedius as a source of PDH and heat-dried Candida boidinii SC13822 as a source of FDH,98%, but production of T. intermedius could not be scaled up. Using heat-dried recombinant E. coli as a source of PDH and heat-dried Candida boidinii 98%. In a third generation process, heat-dried methanol-grown P. pastoris expressing endogenous FDH and recombinant Thermoactinomyces98% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- RL Hanson
- Departments of Microbial Technology and Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions ranging from mild urticaria to life threatening anaphylaxis after exposure to natural rubber latex have been reported frequently in health care workers while occupational asthma due to latex exposure is less well studied. The results of specific challenge tests and immunological tests in four health care workers with work related respiratory and skin disorders induced by the use of latex gloves are described. Occupational asthma was confirmed in three subjects by specific challenge tests. All had a positive skin test reaction to the latex extract; specific IgE antibodies were detected in only one subject. The fourth subject had a negative specific inhalation and skin test reaction to the latex extract. Peak expiratory flow monitoring at work and away from work showed a pattern consistent with work related asthma. These findings confirm that latex is a cause of occupational asthma in health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Chan-Yeung M, Lam S, Chan H, Tse KS, Salari H. The release of platelet-activating factor into plasma during allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 87:667-73. [PMID: 2005318 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(91)90386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasma histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) were measured in six subjects with mild seasonal asthma before and after allergen-induced bronchoconstriction, and in six other patients with asthma before and after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. A significant increase in plasma histamine and PAF levels was found in patients with mild seasonal asthma after allergen-induced bronchoconstriction but not in patients with asthma after bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine. There was a significant correlation between the baseline plasma PAF levels and the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. These findings suggests that PAF may be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chan-Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Tse
- University of British Columbia
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Chan-Yeung M, Chan H, Tse KS, Salari H, Lam S. Histamine and leukotrienes release in bronchoalveolar fluid during plicatic acid-induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 84:762-8. [PMID: 2478608 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(89)90306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed before and 10 minutes after inhalation challenge with plicatic acid in five patients with red cedar asthma. There was a significant release of histamine and leukotriene E4 into the BAL fluid in all the patients after challenge. Inhalation challenge with methacholine in six patients with nonoccupational asthma and inhalation challenge with plicatic acid in two subjects without asthma did not result in the release of mediators in the BAL fluid. These studies provide direct evidence that plicatic acid-induced bronchoconstriction was accompanied by increased levels of histamine and leukotriene E4 release, whereas a nonimmunologic induction of bronchoconstriction did not induce such local mediator release. BAL may provide a useful means of studying the pathogenesis of occupational asthma caused by exposure to low-molecular-weight compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chan-Yeung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ichilov Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Vedal S, Enarson DA, Chan H, Ochnio J, Tse KS, Chan-Yeung M. A longitudinal study of the occurrence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in western red cedar workers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137:651-5. [PMID: 3278663 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/137.3.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred twenty-seven workers in a western red cedar sawmill underwent methacholine bronchoprovocation testing at least 2 times during 3 surveys over a 2-yr period. At the first survey, workers completed a respiratory and occupational questionnaire, performed spirometry, gave serum for measurement of plicatic acid-specific IgE antibodies by radioallergosorbent testing, and had skin prick tests to detect atopy. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was present initially in 18% of the workers. Approximately 15% of those with initially no hyperresponsiveness developed hyperresponsiveness during the follow-up period; 15% of those with initial hyperresponsiveness also lost it during follow-up. Development of hyperresponsiveness tended to coincide with a decrease in level of pulmonary function, whereas loss of hyperresponsiveness was associated with improvement in pulmonary function. Workers with either persistent bronchial hyperresponsiveness or with varying responsiveness had a higher prevalence of plicatic acid IgE antibodies and lower levels of initial pulmonary function than did workers with persistent nonresponsiveness. Workers with persistent hyperresponsiveness had higher initial estimated total airborne dust exposure than did other workers. Age, duration of sawmill employment, atopy, race, and cigarette smoking did not influence the occurrence of hyperresponsiveness. Levels of plicatic-acid-specific IgE antibodies did not change substantially over the 2 yr. These results indicate that immunologic sensitivity to plicatic acid and change in airway caliber are associated with the occurrence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in cedar workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vedal
- Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Chan-Yeung M, Salain H, Tse KS, Lam S. 326 The role of mediator release and bronchial responsiveness in allergen induced bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lam S, Salari H, Tse KS, Chan-Yeung M. 450 Mediator release after nasal airway challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
To explore the mechanisms of grain dust-induced acute bronchoconstriction, extracts of grain dust were incubated with chopped human lung fragments. The supernatants of the incubation media were examined for the presence of leukotrienes and histamine with high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Human lung fragments responded to the extract of grain dust by releasing histamine in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, leukotrienes (B4, D4, and E4 were also found to be released. The action of grain dust appeared to be independent of the complement pathway or cell cytotoxicity since the lung tissue released the chemical mediators in the absence of plasma and responded to further reaction with compound 48/80 after interaction with grain dust. These data demonstrate that grain-dust extract may induce the release of mediators of anaphylaxis by a nonimmunologic process. This may explain the occurrence of acute bronchoconstriction in some of the grain workers.
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Chan H, Tse KS, Van Oostdam J, Moreno R, Pare PD, Chan-Yeung M. A rabbit model of hypersensitivity to plicatic acid, the agent responsible for red cedar asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987; 79:762-7. [PMID: 3571767 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(87)90208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a rabbit model for the study of the immunogenicity and allergenicity of plicatic acid (PA), the small molecular weight compound in western red cedar responsible for occupational asthma in exposed workers. Specific anti-PA IgE as well as IgG antibodies could be raised, depending on the method of immunization. The sensitized rabbits reacted to antigenic challenge with PA-protein conjugates intravenously, with increases in respiratory frequency and pulmonary resistance. This animal model may be used for the further elucidation of the mechanism of occupational asthma induced by small molecular weight chemical compounds.
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Abstract
Plasma histamine levels were measured by radio-enzymatic technique in seven patients following 10 challenges: five methacholine challenge tests, four antigen inhalation challenge tests, and one oral aspirin challenge test. Baseline plasma histamine was the same in all patients except in the aspirin-challenged patient, who had a higher baseline histamine level. There was no statistical change in the level of histamine throughout the test in either the methacholine-challenged or the antigen-challenged patients, whereas there was a marked increase in histamine levels in the aspirin challenged patient. A possible explanation is that methacholine and antigen are inhaled and therefore have primarily local effects on the lung, whereas oral aspirin has a systemic effect with consequently systemic changes in histamine which are detectable as changes in plasma level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kinsella
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Vedal S, Chan-Yeung M, Enarson DA, Chan H, Dorken E, Tse KS. Plicatic acid-specific IgE and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness in western red-cedar workers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 78:1103-9. [PMID: 3782674 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(86)90257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a cross-sectional survey of 652 workers in a western red-cedar sawmill, we obtained data on symptoms, pulmonary function, immediate skin reactivity to common allergens, nonspecific bronchial responsiveness, total IgE level, and sensitization to plicatic acid conjugated with human serum albumin as measured by RAST. Dust exposure was estimated by personal and area sampling for total dust during a work shift and cumulative exposure by duration of employment. Seven percent of the workers had an elevated RAST, and 20% had nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Elevation in RAST was associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Almost half (46%) of the workers with RAST elevation had bronchial hyperresponsiveness compared to 18% in workers with no RAST elevation. The association was unaffected by total IgE level or by limiting the analysis to workers without respiratory symptoms and was most apparent in younger workers. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was associated with increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as with lower levels of pulmonary function. The likelihood of bronchial hyperresponsiveness increased with increasing age but was unrelated to the dust-exposure concentration. RAST elevation was unrelated to employment duration or dust exposure and was not associated with an increased prevalence of symptoms or lower levels of pulmonary function independent of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We conclude that plicatic acid-specific IgE and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness are associated in western red-cedar workers and that this association may reflect a causal connection.
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Vedal S, Chan-Yeung M, Enarson D, Fera T, Maclean L, Tse KS, Langille R. Symptoms and pulmonary function in western red cedar workers related to duration of employment and dust exposure. Arch Environ Health 1986; 41:179-83. [PMID: 3740958 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1986.9935774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of total dust concentration were made in a western red cedar sawmill that employed 701 workers. Both area sampling and personal sampling of total dust were done over an 8-hr shift corresponding to job descriptions and locations to assign each worker an exposure level. A total of 652 (93%) of the workers completed a respiratory-occupational questionnaire and performed spirometry, of whom 334 were assigned an exposure level. Dust exposure ranged from undetectable to 6.0 mg/m3 with a median exposure level of 0.2 mg/m3. Only 10% of the workers with an assigned exposure level were exposed to more than 1.0 mg/m3. Work-related asthma, defined as symptoms of asthma which improved on days off work, was reported by 52 workers (8.0%) and was more prevalent after 10 or more yr of employment. Chronic cough, dyspnea, persistent wheeze, and physician-diagnosed asthma were unrelated to either work duration or exposure. Levels of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) were lower with dust concentrations greater than 2.0 mg/m3, controlling for age and smoking; maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75%) and FEV1.0/FVC were unrelated to dust exposure concentration. Work-related symptoms of eye irritation were seen more commonly with exposure to dust concentrations of 3.0 mg/m3 or more. It is concluded that symptoms of work-related asthma in red cedar workers are more common after 10 yr of exposure, and that levels of pulmonary function are lower with higher wood dust exposures.
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Cartier A, Chan H, Malo JL, Pineau L, Tse KS, Chan-Yeung M. Occupational asthma caused by eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) with demonstration that plicatic acid is present in this wood dust and is the causal agent. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 77:639-45. [PMID: 3958393 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(86)90359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A worker developed symptoms of work-related asthma a few weeks after starting to work in a sawmill where eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) was transformed into shingles. The diagnosis of occupational asthma was confirmed by monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates and bronchial responsiveness to histamine off work and at work, and specific inhalation challenges in the laboratory that demonstrated an isolated late asthmatic reaction after exposure for 4 hours to the wood dust. Specific inhalation challenges with western red cedar (thuja plicata) for 2 hours and plicatic acid (PA) for 7 minutes also caused an isolated late asthmatic reaction. Elevated specific IgE levels to PA were present. Antiserum was produced in rabbits that were immunized with PA conjugated to human serum albumin. With this antiserum in inhibition experiments, cross-reactivity between western red cedar and eastern white cedar, both belonging to the family of arborvitae, was found. It is estimated that eastern white cedar contains approximately half the amount of PA present in western red cedar.
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31
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Abstract
The subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes were identified using monoclonal antibodies specific for T lymphocytes (T11 antibodies), B lymphocytes (B1 antibodies), helper/inducer T cells (T4 antibodies) and suppressor/cytotoxic cells (T8 antibodies). Ninety-six subjects, including twenty-five patients with allergic asthma, nineteen patients with non-allergic asthma and fifty-two controls without asthma, were studied. There was no significant difference in the lymphocyte subsets between the allergic and non-allergic asthmatics. When comparing patients with asthma as a group with the controls, a decrease in the number of T8-positive suppressor cells and therefore, an increase in the helper/suppressor cell ratio were demonstrated in the asthmatics. A relative deficiency of suppressor T cells may represent another immunological marker of bronchial asthma.
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Abstract
The prevalence of sensitization was studied in a group of 76 foundry workers with occupational exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Ten workers had clinical evidence of asthma, 40 had non-asthmatic respiratory symptoms, and 26 were asymptomatic. Specific IgE antibodies to MDI were found in two workers (2.6%) and specific IgG antibodies, in five workers (6.6%). The prevalence of IgE and IgG antibodies was higher in the 10 subjects with asthma than in the non-asthmatic group. The prevalence of anti-paratolyl-monoisocyanate antibodies was not significantly different from that of anti-MDI antibodies, and both haptenic determinants displayed a high degree of cross-reactivity in the RAST inhibition test. The role of humoral immunological mechanisms in MDI-induced asthma is unclear in view of the rather low prevalence of these serum antibodies in this group of workers.
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Chan-Yeung M, Vedal S, Kus J, MacLean L, Enarson D, Tse KS. Symptoms, pulmonary function, and bronchial hyperreactivity in western red cedar workers compared with those in office workers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 130:1038-41. [PMID: 6508001 DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1984.130.6.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An epidemiologic health study was carried out on 652 cedar mill workers and a control group of 440 male office workers not exposed to air contaminants. Participants completed a medical-occupational questionnaire with trained interviewers, had allergy skin tests, performed spirometry, and had bronchial reactivity assessed by methacholine inhalation testing. After adjusting for differences in age, race, and smoking, cedar workers were found to have significantly higher prevalences of cough, phlegm, and dyspnea than did office workers. Symptoms of asthma and work-related asthma, but not persistent wheeze or doctor-diagnosed asthma, were reported in a significantly higher proportion of cedar workers than of office workers. Cedar workers also had significantly lower lung function test results than did office workers after controlling for height, age, race, and smoking. Bronchial hyperreactivity, defined by a methacholine PC20 less than 8 mg/ml, was more prevalent among cedar workers than among office workers, with the increase being limited to the nonatopic subgroup of workers. The prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity increased with duration of employment among cedar workers but not among office workers. We conclude that exposure to western red cedar dust is harmful to the respiratory health of the workers, causing asthma and other respiratory symptoms, bronchial hyperreactivity, and lower levels of lung function.
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Abstract
The lymphocyte subpopulations were classified using monoclonal antibodies specific for B lymphocytes (B1 antibodies), T lymphocytes (T11 and OKT3 antibodies), helper/inducer T cells (T4 antibodies) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (T8 antibodies). Three groups of subjects were studied: 20 normal controls, 29 patients with allergic rhinitis and a subgroup of nine patients who had received immunotherapy. The proportion of B lymphocytes, total T cells and T4 positive (helper/inducer) cells were not significantly different between the groups, but allergic patients were found to have a decreased proportion of suppressor T8 positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells and hence a high helper/suppressor cell ratio. These abnormal parameters were found to be normal in the group of allergic patients who had received immunotherapy. These results imply that a suppressor cell deficiency may be an underlying mechanism of allergic disease, and that immunotherapy could correct the suppressor cell deficiency.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphocytes/classification
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Male
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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35
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Block G, Tse KS, Kijek K, Chan H, Chan-Yeung M. Baker's asthma. Studies of the cross-antigenicity between different cereal grains. Clin Allergy 1984; 14:177-85. [PMID: 6200252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Specific IgE antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of six bakers with respiratory symptoms of asthma or bronchitis by the radioallergosorbent (RAST) assay. The specificity of the antibodies was found to be directed not only against the common flours (rye, wheat) used in the bakeries but also against triticale, barley, oat, corn and rice in some of the bakers. By using the RAST inhibition tests, cross-antigenicity was shown to exist between different cereal grains. The degree of cross-reactivity closely paralleled their taxonomic relationship and appeared to be in the following order of decreasing closeness: wheat, triticale, rye, barley, oat, rice and corn. The allergenic activity in the rye and wheat extracts was found to be distributed among various fractions of different molecular weights.
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Abstract
Seven bakers with respiratory symptoms were evaluated by skin tests, RAST assay for specific IgE antibodies to rye and wheat, inhalation challenge with methacholine for the determination of non-specific bronchial reactivity, and bronchoprovocation with rye and wheat extracts for the determination of antigen-specific bronchial reactivity. An immediate asthmatic response to antigen challenge was observed in four subjects and all of them had a high level of flour-specific IgE antibodies. The serum RAST values provided a more accurate predictive value than the degree of cutaneous sensitivity determined by skin testing with respect to the bronchial response to antigenic challenge. Among those who reacted positively to antigenic bronchoprovocation, a much lower antigen dose was required to elicit a positive reaction if the subject also had an increased degree of non-specific bronchial reactivity. An elevated RAST value was not found in thirty-eight asymptomatic bakers or in ten asthmatics who had no occupational exposure to flour. Thus, baker's asthma appears to be a form of allergic asthma to cereal flours mediated by specific IgE antibodies. Both the level of serum IgE antibodies and the degree of non-specific bronchial reactivity are important factors which may influence a baker's bronchial response upon inhalation of cereal flours.
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37
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Abstract
The presence of specific IgE antibodies in the serum of patients with occupational asthma resulting from exposure to western red cedar (RCA) was studied by a radioallergosorbent test (RAST). The antigen matrix used in the RAST was either a conjugate of Sepharose particles with antigens in a crude cedar extract or with plicatic acid, the major haptenic component of cedar antigens. Of eighteen patients with clinical RCA and positive reaction to antigenic bronchoprovocation, eight were found to have abnormal RAST values. By appropriate absorption experiments, the serum RAST activity was shown to represent cedar antigen-specific IgE antibodies. No significant RAST activity was detected in the serum specimens from sixteen control subjects or from ten patients with negative bronchoprovocation-reaction to antigenic challenge. These results suggest that IgE antibody-mediated allergic reaction may be an important pathogenetic factor in RCA.
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38
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Warrington RJ, Tse KS. Lymphocyte transformation studies in drug hypersensitivity. Can Med Assoc J 1979; 120:1089-94. [PMID: 445303 PMCID: PMC1819276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a group of patients with clinically diagnosed drug hypersensitivity the in vitro lymphocyte response to the suspected drug was assessed by the lymphocyte transformation test. The test gave positive results in all 15 patients with penicillin-induced immediate or accelerated allergic reactions and positive immediate skin-test reactivity to the major or the minor antigenic determinant of penicillin, or both, but in only 3 of the 12 patients with delayed-onset maculopapular rashes induced by penicillin, despite positive immediate reactivity to the skin-test reagents.Lymphocyte stimulation greater than five times the control level was demonstrated for five patients with penicillin-induced erythroderma, Stevens-Johnson syndrome or a serum-sickness-like illness, or with methicillin-induced interstitial nephritis, all of whom had negative reactions to the appropriate skin-test reagents. A low level of stimulation was seen in eight other skin-test-negative patients with possible allergic reactions induced by penicillins. However, in all subjects tested the stimulation was significantly greater than the mean for control subjects.For 9 of 11 patients with isoniazid-induced hepatitis or maculopapular rashes, but for only 8 of 31 patients with eruptions induced by a variety of drugs other than penicillins and isoniazid, significant stimulation occurred in the lymphocyte transformation test.It is concluded that the lymphocyte transformation test is useful in the detection of hypersensitivity to the penicillins (although in IgE-mediated reactions skin testing is clearly preferable) and isoniazid but is of limited value in the demonstration of hypersensitivity to other drugs.
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Antonissen LA, Mitchell RW, Kroeger EA, Kepron W, Tse KS, Stephens NL. Mechanical alterations of airway smooth muscle in a canine asthmatic model. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1979; 46:681-7. [PMID: 457546 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1979.46.4.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Abstract
A novel procedure for the synthesis of well-defined protein-protein conjugates is described using ovalbumin (OA) and IgG as test proteins. This procedure involves the highly selective and rapid reaction of alkyl halide and sulfhydryl groups, which have been grafted, respectively, onto the proteins to be conjugated. Accordingly, iodoacetylated IgG, (ICH2CO)nIgG, was prepared by the reaction of the epsilon-amino groups of IgG with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of iodoacetic acid (NHIA), the degree of iodoacetylation (n) being proportional to the concentration of NHIA. OA was reacted with S-acetylmercaptosuccinic anhydride (SAMSA) under conditions yielding, on the average, a monosubstituted derivative. Following removal of the protective S-acetyl group, the resulting -SH derivative of OA was reacted with (ICH2CO)nIgG. The OAx-IgG conjugates so produced were characterized by gel filtration, specific radioactivity (using tritiated OA) and immunodiffusion. It was found that the average number of OA molecules coupled per IgG molecule could be controlled by varying the degree of iodoacetylation of IgG.
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41
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Abstract
The lung function of 14 patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by exposure to mouldy hay (farmer's lung) or to birds (bird fancier's lung) was studied one week and four to six weeks after the last exposure to antigen. These data, together with lung mechanics measured four weeks after antigen exposure, were compared with measurements in 34 healthy non-smoking control subjects. Shortly after exposure to antigen there were reduction in lung volumes, increased elastic recoil (reduced compliance), and varied effects on expiratory flow and reduced gas transfer. With time, lung volumes and gas transfer improved, but expiratory flow often remained decreased. The data on lung mechanics showed that reduced compliance was often found, but this increased recoil did not always produce high airflow indicating increased upstream airways resistance. Patients with a longer duration of the illness tended to have increased compliance (reduced recoil) and low airflow. These results show that the described pathological changes of airway involvement, fibrosis, and emphysema in allergic alveolitis are manifest in the lung function of patients with the disease.
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Tse KS, Kepron W, Sehon A. Effects of tolerogenic conjugates in a canine model for reaginic hypersensitivity. I. suppression of hapten-specific IgE antibody response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1978; 61:303-9. [PMID: 641265 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(78)90051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraperitoneal administration to dogs of conjugates consisting of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) groups coupled to nonimmunogenic macromolecules such as the copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (DNP16-DGL) prior to sensitization with DNP2-ovalbumin led to the development of hapten-specific tolerance with respect to the IgE antibody response. Administration of these same conjugates to sensitized dogs resulted in complete abrogation of the ongoing anti-DNP IgE antibody production. A similar hapten-specific suppression of the ongoing anti-DNP response was also observed using the conjugates of DNP9-canine gamma globulins, and the tolerogenic effect was dose-dependent. The state of hapten-specific immunosuppression induced by these two types of tolerogenic conjugates was maintained despite repeated booster injections of the sensitizing antigens at biweekly inervals.
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Warrington RJ, Tse KS, Gorski BA, Schwenk R, Sehon AH. Evaluation of isoniazid-associated hepatitis by immunological tests. Clin Exp Immunol 1978; 32:97-104. [PMID: 668195 PMCID: PMC1541309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In a retrospective study of patients developing hepatitis or persistent serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) elevations while receiving isoniazid, it was found that the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was positive in nineteen cases (95%) in response to stimulation by isoniazid, isonicotinic acid and conjugates of these compounds with human serum albumin. However, no significant amount of antibody against isoniazid was detected in the sera of these patients by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. By contrast, no positive LTT was seen in normal controls or in patients receiving isoniazid without evidence of liver damage, while in patients with transient SGOT abnormalities, the LTT was positive only at the time of liver dysfunction. There was no correlation between the degree of lymphocyte transformation and the severity of liver damage. However, there were differences in the patterns of response to the four stimulatory preparations used. Thus patients with overt hepatitis most frequently responded to isoniazid, while individuals with only SGOT abnormalities showed stimulation in the LTT more often with a conjugate of isonicotinic acid and human serum albumin. It appears, therefore, that the presence of isoniazid-induced liver damage is associated with the presence of cellular hypersensitivity to the drug. The differences in lymphocyte reactivity in the two groups might indicate a potential means of predicting which individuals are at increased risk of developing overt hepatitis when exhibiting evidence of minor liver dysfunction while receiving isoniazid.
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Warrington RJ, Hogg GR, Paraskevas F, Tse KS. Insidious rifampin-associated renal failure with light-chain proteinuria. Arch Intern Med 1977; 137:927-30. [PMID: 406868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A patient who was receiving rifampin treatment for tuberculosis developed heterogenous light-chain proteinuria and insidious renal failure after a period of fluid restriction. The renal damage was characterized pathologically by an interstitial nephritis with invasive tubular casts and an associated renal vein thrombosis. The possible role of the light-chain proteinuria in the pathogenesis of the renal failure is discussed.
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Warren CP, Cherniack RM, Tse KS. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis from bird exposure. Studies on the immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Clin Allergy 1977; 7:303-14. [PMID: 563307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Six patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis had weak immediate and strong late reactions of intracutaneous injection of bird serum. Biopsy of the late reaction revealed vasculitis and immunoglobulin and complement deposition in one. The antibody responsible for the immediate hypersensitivity could be transferred in serum. It was short lasting (4 hr) and resistant to heat and 2-mercaptoethanol. No evidence of an immediate reaction in the lungs could be detected following inhalation challenge as judged by examination of spirometry, flow volume loops and single breath nitrogen washout curves.
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46
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Tse KS. Immunologic mechanisms of hypersensitive lung diseases. Can Med Assoc J 1977; 116:342-3, 362. [PMID: 844010 PMCID: PMC1879243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Immunization of neonatal dogs with a conjugate of 2,4-dinitrobenzene and ovalbumin (DNP2-OA), using aluminum hydroxide as the adjuvant, elicited long-lasting (over 30 wk) anti-DNP and anti-OA IgE antibody responses of high titers as determined by homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Low antigen doses of 10 or 50 mug were more effective than the higher doses of 250 or 1,250 mug in inducing high IgE antibody levels. However, this method of immunization failed to elicity any detectable IgE antibody response in adult dogs. Bronchoprovocation with antigen of sensitized animals having IgE antibody titers in excess of 64 resulted in a marked increase in airflow resistance, which could be corrected by the administration of nebulized isoproterenol. On the other hand, sensitized animals with IgE antibody titers in the order of 64 did not manifest significant bronchoconstriction on inhalation challenge but developed anaphylaxis following intravenous injection of the antigen.
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Tse KS, Vijay H, Attallah N, Sehon AH. Antibodies specific to isoniazid and isonicotinic acid. J Immunol 1976; 116:965-9. [PMID: 56409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit antisera to isoniazid (INH) and its major metabolite, isonicotinic acid (INA), were prepared by immunization with conjugates of these compounds with human serum albumin. The antisera were rendered hapten-specific by exhaustive absorption with the immunizing carrier. Purified anti-hapten antibodies were also isolated with appropriate immunosorbents. As demonstrated by inhibition of the quantitative precipitin curves and of precipitating immune complexes in immunodiffusion tests, the antibodies to the two haptens reacted with either INH or INA, and also with isonicotinamide (INC); these three related molecules share the isonicotinyl group. The relative effectiveness of inhibition by free hapten of precipitating immune complexes consisting of either anti-INH or anti-INA antibodies and the related hapten-protein conjugates was INH greater than INC greater than INA.
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49
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Tse KS, Vijay H, Attallah N, Sehon AH. Antibodies Specific to Isoniazid and Isonicotinic Acid. The Journal of Immunology 1976. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.116.4.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rabbit antisera to isoniazid (INH) and its major metabolite, isonicotinic acid (INA), were prepared by immunization with conjugates of these compounds with human serum albumin. The antisera were rendered hapten-specific by exhaustive absorption with the immunizing carrier. Purified anti-hapten antibodies were also isolated with appropriate immunosorbents. As demonstrated by inhibition of the quantitative precipitin curves and of precipitating immune complexes in immunodiffusion tests, the antibodies to the two haptens reacted with either INH or INA, and also with isonicotinamide (INC); these three related molecules share the isonicotinyl group. The relative effectiveness of inhibition by free hapten of precipitating immune complexes consisting of either anti-INH or anti-INA antibodies and the related hapten-protein conjugates was INH > INC > INA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam S. Tse
- Medical Research Council Group for Allergy, Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba From the , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E OW3
| | - Hari Vijay
- Medical Research Council Group for Allergy, Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba From the , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E OW3
| | - Nicholas Attallah
- Medical Research Council Group for Allergy, Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba From the , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E OW3
| | - Alec H. Sehon
- Medical Research Council Group for Allergy, Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba From the , Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E OW3
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50
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Schwenk R, Kelly K, Tse KS, Sehon AH. A radioimmunoassay for isoniazid. Clin Chem 1975; 21:1059-62. [PMID: 124237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive radioimmunoassay is described, for measuring isoniazid in therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations. This radioimmunoassay was used in an exploratory clinical study to measure, as a function of time, the concentration of this drug in plasma of patients receiving isoniazid therapy.
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