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Wang M, Korbmacher M, Eikeland R, Craven AR, Specht K. The intra-individual reliability of 1 H-MRS measurement in the anterior cingulate cortex across 1 year. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26531. [PMID: 37986643 PMCID: PMC10789202 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the primary method that can measure the levels of metabolites in the brain in vivo. To achieve its potential in clinical usage, the reliability of the measurement requires further articulation. Although there are many studies that investigate the reliability of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), comparatively few studies have investigated the reliability of other brain metabolites, such as glutamate (Glu), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), phosphocreatine (PCr), or myo-inositol (mI), which all play a significant role in brain development and functions. In addition, previous studies which predominately used only two measurements (two data points) failed to provide the details of the time effect (e.g., time-of-day) on MRS measurement within subjects. Therefore, in this study, MRS data located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were repeatedly recorded across 1 year leading to at least 25 sessions for each subject with the aim of exploring the variability of other metabolites by using the index coefficient of variability (CV); the smaller the CV, the more reliable the measurements. We found that the metabolites of NAA, tNAA, and tCr showed the smallest CVs (between 1.43% and 4.90%), and the metabolites of Glu, Glx, mI, and tCho showed modest CVs (between 4.26% and 7.89%). Furthermore, we found that the concentration reference of the ratio to water results in smaller CVs compared to the ratio to tCr. In addition, we did not find any time-of-day effect on the MRS measurements. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that the MRS measurement is reasonably reliable in quantifying the levels of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Yun Wang
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV)Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Max Korbmacher
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV)Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
- NORMENT Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and AddictionUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Rune Eikeland
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV)Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Alexander R. Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical EngineeringHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV)Haukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of EducationUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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Ruiz M, Groessing A, Guran A, Koçan AU, Mikus N, Nater UM, Kouwer K, Posserud MB, Salomon-Gimmon M, Todorova B, Wagner IC, Gold C, Silani G, Specht K. Music for autism: a protocol for an international randomized crossover trial on music therapy for children with autism. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1256771. [PMID: 37886114 PMCID: PMC10598663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1256771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion of a connection between autism and music is as old as the first reported cases of autism, and music has been used as a therapeutic tool for many decades. Music therapy holds promise as an intervention for individuals with autism, harnessing their strengths in music processing to enhance communication and expression. While previous randomized controlled trials have demonstrated positive outcomes in terms of global improvement and quality of life, their reliance on psychological outcomes restricts our understanding of underlying mechanisms. This paper introduces the protocol for the Music for Autism study, a randomized crossover trial designed to investigate the effects of a 12-week music therapy intervention on a range of psychometric, neuroimaging, and biological outcomes in school-aged children with autism. The protocol builds upon previous research and aims to both replicate and expand upon findings that demonstrated improvements in social communication and functional brain connectivity following a music intervention. The primary objective of this trial is to determine whether music therapy leads to improvements in social communication and functional brain connectivity as compared to play-based therapy. In addition, secondary aims include exploring various relevant psychometric, neuroimaging, and biological outcomes. To achieve these objectives, we will enroll 80 participants aged 6-12 years in this international, assessor-blinded, crossover randomized controlled trial. Each participant will be randomly assigned to receive either music therapy or play-based therapy for a period of 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week washout period, after which they will receive the alternate intervention. Assessments will be conducted four times, before and after each intervention period. The protocol of the Music for Autism trial provides a comprehensive framework for studying the effects of music therapy on a range of multidimensional outcomes in children with autism. The findings from this trial have the potential to contribute to the development of evidence-based interventions that leverage strengths in music processing to address the complex challenges faced by individuals with autism. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04936048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ruiz
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Groessing
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandrina Guran
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Asena U. Koçan
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nace Mikus
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- School of Culture and Society, Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Urs M. Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karlijn Kouwer
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maj-Britt Posserud
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maayan Salomon-Gimmon
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boryana Todorova
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella C. Wagner
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gold
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Silani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Korbmacher M, Wang M, Eikeland R, Buchert R, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Leonardsen E, Westlye LT, Maximov II, Specht K. Considerations on brain age predictions from repeatedly sampled data across time. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3219. [PMID: 37587620 PMCID: PMC10570486 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain age, the estimation of a person's age from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, has been used as a general indicator of health. The marker requires however further validation for application in clinical contexts. Here, we show how brain age predictions perform for the same individual at various time points and validate our findings with age-matched healthy controls. METHODS We used densely sampled T1-weighted MRI data from four individuals (from two densely sampled datasets) to observe how brain age corresponds to age and is influenced by acquisition and quality parameters. For validation, we used two cross-sectional datasets. Brain age was predicted by a pretrained deep learning model. RESULTS We found small within-subject correlations between age and brain age. We also found evidence for the influence of field strength on brain age which replicated in the cross-sectional validation data and inconclusive effects of scan quality. CONCLUSION The absence of maturation effects for the age range in the presented sample, brain age model bias (including training age distribution and field strength), and model error are potential reasons for small relationships between age and brain age in densely sampled longitudinal data. Clinical applications of brain age models should consider of the possibility of apparent biases caused by variation in the data acquisition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Korbmacher
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center (MMIV)BergenNorway
| | - Meng‐Yun Wang
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center (MMIV)BergenNorway
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Rune Eikeland
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center (MMIV)BergenNorway
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyOslo New University CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Esten Leonardsen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ivan I. Maximov
- Department of Health and FunctioningWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center (MMIV)BergenNorway
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of EducationUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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Sirevåg K, Stavestrand SH, Sjøbø T, Endal TB, Nordahl HM, Andersson E, Nordhus IH, Rekdal Å, Specht K, Hammar Å, Halmøy A, Mohlman J, Hjelmervik H, Thayer JF, Hovland A. Correction to: Physical exercise augmented cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder (PEXACOG): a feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:28. [PMID: 37542338 PMCID: PMC10401878 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Sirevåg
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway.
| | - S H Stavestrand
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
| | - T Sjøbø
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
| | - T B Endal
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
| | - H M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7030, Norway
| | - E Andersson
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, 5626 SE-114 86, box, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 177, Sweden
| | - I H Nordhus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1078, Blindern, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Å Rekdal
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Specht
- Faculty of humanities, social sciences and education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, NO- 5020, Norway
| | - Å Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, NO- 5020, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Halmøy
- Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Kronstad DPS, P.O. Box 1400, Bergen, NO- 5021, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
| | - J Mohlman
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, 300 Pomton Road, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - H Hjelmervik
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Kalfarveien 78c, Bergen, 5022, Norway
| | - J F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - A Hovland
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
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Sirevåg K, Stavestrand SH, Sjøbø T, Endal TB, Nordahl HM, Andersson E, Nordhus IH, Rekdal Å, Specht K, Hammar Å, Halmøy A, Mohlman J, Hjelmervik H, Thayer JF, Hovland A. Physical exercise augmented cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder (PEXACOG): a feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:25. [PMID: 37468978 PMCID: PMC10357630 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a frequent and severe disorder among older adults. For older adults with GAD the effect of the recommended treatment, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), is reduced. Physical exercise (PE) may enhance the effect of CBT by improving cognitive function and increasing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a predictor of the effect of CBT in patients with anxiety. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating treatment effect of the combination of CBT and PE for GAD in a sample of older adults, including procedures for assessment and treatment. METHODS Four participants aged 62-70 years (M = 65.5, SD = 3.2) with a primary diagnosis of GAD were included. Participants received 15 weeks of PE in combination with 10 weeks of CBT. Participants completed self-report measures, and clinical, biological, physiological and neuropsychological tests at pre-, interim- and post-treatment. RESULTS Procedures, protocols, and results are presented. One participant dropped out during treatment. For the three participants completing, the total adherence to PE and CBT was 80% and 100%, respectively. An independent assessor concluded that the completers no longer fulfilled the criteria for GAD after treatment. Changes in self-report measures suggest symptom reduction related to anxiety and worry. The sample is considered representative for the target population. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that combining CBT and PE for older adults with GAD is feasible, and that the procedures and tests are suitable and manageable for the current sample. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02690441. Registered on 24 February 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02690441 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Sirevåg
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway.
| | - S H Stavestrand
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
| | - T Sjøbø
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
| | - T B Endal
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
| | - H M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NO-7030, Norway
| | - E Andersson
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, 5626 SE-114 86, box, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 177, Sweden
| | - I H Nordhus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1078, Blindern, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Å Rekdal
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Specht
- Faculty of humanities, social sciences and education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, NO- 5020, Norway
| | - Å Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7807, Bergen, NO- 5020, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Halmøy
- Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Kronstad DPS, P.O. Box 1400, Bergen, NO- 5021, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
| | - J Mohlman
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, 300 Pomton Road, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - H Hjelmervik
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Kalfarveien 78c, Bergen, 5022, Norway
| | - J F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - A Hovland
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15 Nesttun, 5228, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, Bergen, NO-5020, Norway
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Vaisvilaite L, Andersson M, Salami A, Specht K. Time of day dependent longitudinal changes in resting-state fMRI. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1166200. [PMID: 37475742 PMCID: PMC10354550 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1166200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies have become more common in the past years due to their superiority over cross-sectional samples. In light of the ongoing replication crisis, the factors that may introduce variability in resting-state networks have been widely debated. This publication aimed to address the potential sources of variability, namely, time of day, sex, and age, in longitudinal studies within individual resting-state fMRI data. DCM was used to analyze the fMRI time series, extracting EC connectivity measures and parameters that define the BOLD signal. In addition, a two-way ANOVA was used to assess the change in EC and parameters that define the BOLD signal between data collection waves. The results indicate that time of day and gender have significant model evidence for the parameters that define the BOLD signal but not EC. From the ANOVA analysis, findings indicate that there was a significant change in the two nodes of the DMN and their connections with the fronto-parietal network. Overall, these findings suggest that in addition to age and gender, which are commonly accounted for in the fMRI data collection, studies should note the time of day, possibly treating it as a covariate in longitudinal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liucija Vaisvilaite
- ReState Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukel and University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Ageing Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karsten Specht
- ReState Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukel and University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Vingerhoets G, Verhelst H, Gerrits R, Badcock N, Bishop DVM, Carey D, Flindall J, Grimshaw G, Harris LJ, Hausmann M, Hirnstein M, Jäncke L, Joliot M, Specht K, Westerhausen R. Laterality indices consensus initiative (LICI): A Delphi expert survey report on recommendations to record, assess, and report asymmetry in human behavioural and brain research. Laterality 2023:1-70. [PMID: 37211653 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2023.2199963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Laterality indices (LIs) quantify the left-right asymmetry of brain and behavioural variables and provide a measure that is statistically convenient and seemingly easy to interpret. Substantial variability in how structural and functional asymmetries are recorded, calculated, and reported, however, suggest little agreement on the conditions required for its valid assessment. The present study aimed for consensus on general aspects in this context of laterality research, and more specifically within a particular method or technique (i.e., dichotic listening, visual half-field technique, performance asymmetries, preference bias reports, electrophysiological recording, functional MRI, structural MRI, and functional transcranial Doppler sonography). Experts in laterality research were invited to participate in an online Delphi survey to evaluate consensus and stimulate discussion. In Round 0, 106 experts generated 453 statements on what they considered good practice in their field of expertise. Statements were organised into a 295-statement survey that the experts then were asked, in Round 1, to independently assess for importance and support, which further reduced the survey to 241 statements that were presented again to the experts in Round 2. Based on the Round 2 input, we present a set of critically reviewed key recommendations to record, assess, and report laterality research for various methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Vingerhoets
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Verhelst
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Gerrits
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nicholas Badcock
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for Reading, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David Carey
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jason Flindall
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gina Grimshaw
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Joliot
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionelle, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Tuominen J, Specht K, Vaisvilaite L, Zeidman P. An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Resting-State versus Task fMRI. Netw Neurosci 2023. [DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Resting-state fMRI is an increasingly popular alternative to task-based fMRI. However, a formal quantification of the amount of information provided by resting-state fMRI as opposed to active task conditions about neural responses is lacking. We conducted a systematic comparison of the quality of inferences derived from a resting-state- and a task fMRI paradigm by means of Bayesian Data Comparison. In this framework, data quality is formally quantified in information theoretic terms as the precision and amount of information provided by the data on the parameters of interest. Parameters of effective connectivity, estimated from the cross-spectral densities of resting-state- and task time series by means of Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM), were subjected to the analysis. Data from 50 individuals undergoing resting-state and a Theory-of-Mind task were compared, both datasets provided by the Human Connectome Project. A threshold of very strong evidence was reached in favour of the Theory-of-Mind task (>10 bits or natural units) regarding information gain, which could be attributed to the active task condition eliciting stronger effective connectivity. Extending these analyses to other tasks and cognitive systems will reveal whether the superior informative value of task-based fMRI observed here is case-specific or a more general trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tuominen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Liucija Vaisvilaite
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Zeidman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kandilarova S, Stoyanov D, Aryutova K, Paunova R, Mantarkov M, Mitrev I, Todeva-Radneva A, Specht K. Effective Connectivity Between the Orbitofrontal Cortex and the Precuneus Differentiates Major Psychiatric Disorders: Results from a Transdiagnostic Spectral DCM Study. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 22:180-190. [PMID: 34533450 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210917142815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE We have previously identified aberrant connectivity of the left precuneus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula in patients with either a paranoid (schizophrenia), or a depressive syndrome (both unipolar and bipolar). In the current study, we attempted to replicate and expand these findings by including a healthy control sample and separating the patients in a depressive episode into two groups: unipolar and bipolar depression. We hypothesized that the connections between those major nodes of the resting state networks would demonstrate different patterns in the three patient groups compared to the healthy subjects. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI was performed on a sample of 101 participants, of which 26 patients with schizophrenia (current psychotic episodes), 24 subjects with Bipolar Disorder (BD), 33 with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (both BD and MDD patients were in a current depressive episode), and 21 healthy controls. Spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling was used to calculate the coupling values between eight regions of interest, including the anterior precuneus (PRC), anterior hippocampus, anterior insula, angular gyrus, lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC), middle frontal gyrus, planum temporale, and anterior thalamus. RESULTS & CONCLUSION We identified disturbed effective connectivity from the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex to the left anterior precuneus that differed significantly between unipolar depression, where the influence was inhibitory, and bipolar depression, where the effect was excitatory. A logistic regression analysis correctly classified 75% of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression based solely on the coupling values of this connection. In addition, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated negative effective connectivity from the anterior PRC to the lateral OFC, which distinguished them from healthy controls and patients with major depression. Future studies with unmedicated patients will be needed to establish the replicability of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdalina Kandilarova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Katrin Aryutova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rossitsa Paunova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mladen Mantarkov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivo Mitrev
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Todeva-Radneva
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Sjuls GS, Specht K. Variability in Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Effect of Body Mass, Blood Pressure, Hematocrit, and Glycated Hemoglobin on Hemodynamic and Neuronal Parameters. Brain Connect 2022; 12:870-882. [PMID: 35473334 PMCID: PMC9807254 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Replicability has become an increasing focus within the scientific communities with the ongoing "replication crisis." One area that appears to struggle with unreliable results is resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Therefore, the current study aimed at improving the knowledge of endogenous factors that contribute to inter-individual variability. Methods: Arterial blood pressure (BP), body mass, hematocrit, and glycated hemoglobin were investigated as potential sources of between-subject variability in rs-fMRI, in healthy individuals. Whether changes in resting-state networks (rs-networks) could be attributed to variability in the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)-signal, changes in neuronal activity, or both was of special interest. Within-subject parameters were estimated by utilizing dynamic-causal modeling, as it allows to make inferences on the estimated hemodynamic (BOLD-signal dynamics) and neuronal parameters (effective connectivity) separately. Results: The results of the analyses imply that BP and body mass can cause between-subject and between-group variability in the BOLD-signal and that all the included factors can affect the underlying connectivity. Discussion: Given the results of the current and previous studies, rs-fMRI results appear to be susceptible to a range of factors, which is likely to contribute to the low degree of replicability of these studies. Interestingly, the highest degree of variability seems to appear within the much-studied default mode network and its connections to other networks. Impact statement We believe that thanks to the evidence that we have collected by analyzing the well-controlled data of the Human Connectome Project with dynamic-causal modeling (DCM) and by focusing not only on the effective connectivity, which is the typical way of using DCM, but also by analyzing the underlying hemodynamic parameters, we were able to explore the underlying vascular dependencies in a much broader perspective. Our results challenge the premise for studying changes in the default mode network as a clinical marker of disease, and we add to the growing list of factors that contribute to resting-state network variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Stensby Sjuls
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Address correspondence to: Guro Stensby Sjuls, Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Wang MY, Korbmacher M, Eikeland R, Specht K. Deep brain imaging of three participants across 1 year: The Bergen breakfast scanning club project. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1021503. [PMID: 36325431 PMCID: PMC9620718 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1021503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the cognitive functions of the human brain has tremendously benefited from the population functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies in the last three decades. The reliability and replicability of the fMRI results, however, have been recently questioned, which has been named the replication crisis. Sufficient statistical power is fundamental to alleviate the crisis, by either "going big," leveraging big datasets, or by "going small," densely scanning several participants. Here we reported a "going small" project implemented in our department, the Bergen breakfast scanning club (BBSC) project, in which three participants were intensively scanned across a year. It is expected this kind of new data collection method can provide novel insights into the variability of brain networks, facilitate research designs and inference, and ultimately lead to the improvement of the reliability of the fMRI results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun Wang
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Max Korbmacher
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Eikeland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Laloyaux J, Hirnstein M, Specht K, Giersch A, Larøi F. Eliciting false auditory perceptions using speech frequencies and semantic priming: a signal detection approach. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2022; 27:255-272. [PMID: 35118930 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2031945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals experiencing auditory hallucinations (AH) tend to perceive voices when exposed to random noise. However, the factors driving this tendency remain unclear. The present study examined the interaction of a top-down (expectations) and bottom-up (type of noise) process to better understand the mechanisms that underlie AH. METHODS Fifty-two healthy individuals (29 with high proneness and 23 with low proneness to AH) completed a signal detection task, in which they listened to pre-recorded sentences. The last word was either masked by noise or only noise was presented without the word. Two types of noise existed (speech-related versus speech-unrelated frequencies) and words were characterised by either high or low levels of semantic expectation. RESULTS Participants with high proneness to AH showed a more liberal decision bias (i.e., they were more likely to report having heard a word) and poorer discrimination ability as compared to participants with low proneness to AH - but only when the word was masked by speech-related noises and the level of expectation was high. Further, the more liberal decision bias correlated negatively with the tendency to experience AH. CONCLUSION This novel paradigm demonstrated an interaction between top-down (level of expectation) and bottom-up (type of noise) processes, supporting current theoretical models of AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Laloyaux
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT - Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Giersch
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1114 NCPS, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Larøi
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT - Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Rødland E, Melleby KM, Specht K. Evaluation of a Simple Clinical Language Paradigm With Respect to Sensory Independency, Functional Asymmetry, and Effective Connectivity. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:806520. [PMID: 35309683 PMCID: PMC8928437 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.806520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study replicates a known visual language paradigm, and extends it to a paradigm that is independent from the sensory modality of the stimuli and, hence, could be administered either visually or aurally, such that both patients with limited sight or hearing could be examined. The stimuli were simple sentences, but required the subject not only to understand the content of the sentence but also to formulate a response that had a semantic relation to the content of the presented sentence. Thereby, this paradigm does not only test perception of the stimuli, but also to some extend sentence and semantic processing, and covert speech production within one task. When the sensory base-line condition was subtracted, both the auditory and visual version of the paradigm demonstrated a broadly overlapping and asymmetric network, comprising distinct areas of the left posterior temporal lobe, left inferior frontal areas, left precentral gyrus, and supplementary motor area. The consistency of activations and their asymmetry was evaluated with a conjunction analysis, probability maps, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). This underlying network was further analyzed with dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to explore whether not only the same brain areas were involved, but also the network structure and information flow were the same between the sensory modalities. In conclusion, the paradigm reliably activated the most central parts of the speech and language network with a great consistency across subjects, and independently of whether the stimuli were administered aurally or visually. However, there was individual variability in the degree of functional asymmetry between the two sensory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Rødland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kathrine Midgaard Melleby
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Adult Habilitation Section, Telemark Hospital Skien, Skien, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Karsten Specht,
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14
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Kazimierczak K, Craven AR, Ersland L, Specht K, Dumitru ML, Sandøy LB, Hugdahl K. Combined fMRI Region- and Network-Analysis Reveal New Insights of Top-Down Modulation of Bottom-Up Processes in Auditory Laterality. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:802319. [PMID: 35115913 PMCID: PMC8804210 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.802319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichotic listening along with the right-ear advantage (REA) has been a standard method of investigating auditory laterality ever since it was first introduced into neuropsychology in the early 1960s. Beginning in the 1980s, authors reported that it was possible to modulate the bottom-up driven perceptual REA by instructing subjects to selectively attend to and report only from the right or left ear. In the present study, we investigated neuronal correlates of both the bottom-up and top-down modulation of the REA through two fMRI analysis approaches: a traditional region approach and a network connectivity approach. Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD) fMRI data were acquired while subjects performed the standard forced-attention paradigm. We asked two questions, could the behavioral REA be replicated in unique brain markers, and second if the profound instruction-induced modulation of the REA found in behavioral data would correspond to a similar modulation of brain activation, both region- and network-specific modulations. The subjects were 70 healthy adult right-handers, about half men and half women. fMRI data were acquired in a 3T MR scanner, and the behavioral results replicated previous findings with a REA in the non-forced (NF) and forced-right (FR) conditions, and a tendency for a left-ear advantage (LEA) in the FL-condition. The fMRI data showed unique activations in the speech perception areas of the left temporal lobe when directly contrasted with activations in the homologous right side. However, there were no remaining unique activations when the FR- and FL-conditions were contrasted against each other, and with the NF-condition, using a conservative significance thresholding. The fMRI results are conceptualized within a network connectivity frame of reference, especially with reference to the extrinsic mode network (EMN). The EMN is a generalized task-positive network that is upregulated whenever the task demands exceed a certain threshold irrespective of the specifics and demands of the task. This could explain the similarity of activations for the FR- and FL-conditions, despite the clear differences in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kazimierczak
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Katarzyna Kazimierczak
| | - Alexander R. Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magda L. Dumitru
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lydia B. Sandøy
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Vaisvilaite L, Hushagen V, Grønli J, Specht K. Time-of-Day Effects in Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Changes in Effective Connectivity and Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Signal. Brain Connect 2021; 12:515-523. [PMID: 34636252 PMCID: PMC9419957 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2021.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In the light of the ongoing replication crisis in the field of neuroimaging, it is necessary to assess the possible exogenous and endogenous factors that may affect functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The current project investigated time-of-day effects in the spontaneous fluctuations (<0.1 Hz) of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. Method: Using data from the human connectome project release S1200, cross-spectral density dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to analyze time-dependent effects on the hemodynamic response and effective connectivity parameters. The DCM analysis covered three networks, namely the default mode network, the central executive network, and the saliency network. Hierarchical group-parametric empirical Bayes (PEB) was used to test varying design-matrices against the time-of-day model. Results: Hierarchical group-PEB found no support for changes in effective connectivity, whereas the hemodynamic parameters exhibited a significant time-of-day dependent effect, indicating a diurnal vascular effect that might affect the measured BOLD signal in the absence of any diurnal variations of the underlying neuronal activations and effective connectivity. Conclusion: We conclude that these findings urge the need to account for the time of data acquisition in future MRI studies and suggest that time-of-day dependent metabolic variations contribute to reduced reliability in resting-state fMRI studies. Impact statement The results from this study suggest that the circadian mechanism influences the blood oxygenation level dependent signal in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The current study urges to record and report the time of fMRI scan acquisition in future research, as it may increase the replicability of findings. Both exploratory and clinical studies would benefit by incorporating this small change in fMRI protocol, which to date has been often overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liucija Vaisvilaite
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,The publication in the preprint server is available at https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.258517v2
| | - Vetle Hushagen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,The publication in the preprint server is available at https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.258517v2
| | - Janne Grønli
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,The publication in the preprint server is available at https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.258517v2
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,The publication in the preprint server is available at https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.258517v2
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16
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Færøvik U, Specht K, Vikene K. Suppression, Maintenance, and Surprise: Neuronal Correlates of Predictive Processing Specialization for Musical Rhythm. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:674050. [PMID: 34512236 PMCID: PMC8429816 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.674050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory repetition suppression and omission activation are opposite neural phenomena and manifestations of principles of predictive processing. Repetition suppression describes the temporal decrease in neural activity when a stimulus is constant or repeated in an expected temporal fashion; omission activity is the transient increase in neural activity when a stimulus is temporarily and unexpectedly absent. The temporal, repetitive nature of musical rhythms is ideal for investigating these phenomena. During an fMRI session, 10 healthy participants underwent scanning while listening to musical rhythms with two levels of metric complexity, and with beat omissions with different positional complexity. Participants first listened to 16-s-long presentations of continuous rhythms, before listening to a longer continuous presentation with beat omissions quasi-randomly introduced. We found deactivation in bilateral superior temporal gyri during the repeated presentation of the normal, unaltered rhythmic stimulus, with more suppression of activity in the left hemisphere. Omission activation of bilateral middle temporal gyri was right lateralized. Persistent activity was found in areas including the supplementary motor area, caudate nucleus, anterior insula, frontal areas, and middle and posterior cingulate cortex, not overlapping with either listening, suppression, or omission activation. This suggests that the areas are perhaps specialized for working memory maintenance. We found no effect of metric complexity for either the normal presentation or omissions, but we found evidence for a small effect of omission position—at an uncorrected threshold—where omissions in the more metrical salient position, i.e., the first position in the bar, showed higher activation in anterior cingulate/medial superior frontal gyrus, compared to omissions in the less salient position, in line with the role of the anterior cingulate cortex for saliency detection. The results are consistent with findings in our previous studies on Parkinson’s disease, but are put into a bigger theoretical frameset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvhild Færøvik
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjetil Vikene
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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17
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Buscaroli E, Braschi I, Cirillo C, Fargue-Lelièvre A, Modarelli GC, Pennisi G, Righini I, Specht K, Orsini F. Reviewing chemical and biological risks in urban agriculture: A comprehensive framework for a food safety assessment of city region food systems. Food Control 2021; 126:108085. [PMID: 34345121 PMCID: PMC8080888 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attention to urban agriculture (UA) has recently grown among practitioners, scientists, and the public, resulting in several initiatives worldwide. Despite the positive perception of modern UA and locally grown, fresh produce, the potential food safety risks connected to these practices may be underestimated, leading to regulatory gaps. Thus, there is a need for assessment tools to evaluate the food safety risks connected to specific UA initiatives, to assist practitioners in self-evaluation and control, and to provide policy makers and scholars a means to pursue and assess food safety in city regions, avoiding either a lack or an excess of regulation that could ultimately hinder the sector. To address this aim, this paper reviews the most recent and relevant literature on UA food safety assessments. Food safety indicators were identified first. Then, a food safety assessment framework for UA initiatives was developed. The framework uses business surveys and food analyses (if available) as a data source for calculating a food safety index for single UA businesses and the whole UA landscape of a given city region. The proposed framework was designed to allow its integration into the CRFS (City Region Food System) toolkit developed by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), RUAF foundation (Resource Centres on Urban Agriculture and Food Security) and Wilfrid Laurier University. Connection of several biological and chemical food safety risks to UA techniques. Identifiable food safety risk factors for diverse UA practices. Framework for the assessment of food safety levels of UA initiatives. Development of a risk-based assessment that can be integrated into the FAO CRFS framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buscaroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - G C Modarelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - G Pennisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Righini
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K Specht
- ILS- Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Orsini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Koenig J, Abler B, Agartz I, Åkerstedt T, Andreassen OA, Anthony M, Bär KJ, Bertsch K, Brown RC, Brunner R, Carnevali L, Critchley HD, Cullen KR, de Geus EJC, de la Cruz F, Dziobek I, Ferger MD, Fischer H, Flor H, Gaebler M, Gianaros PJ, Giummarra MJ, Greening SG, Guendelman S, Heathers JAJ, Herpertz SC, Hu MX, Jentschke S, Kaess M, Kaufmann T, Klimes-Dougan B, Koelsch S, Krauch M, Kumral D, Lamers F, Lee TH, Lekander M, Lin F, Lotze M, Makovac E, Mancini M, Mancke F, Månsson KNT, Manuck SB, Mather M, Meeten F, Min J, Mueller B, Muench V, Nees F, Nga L, Nilsonne G, Ordonez Acuna D, Osnes B, Ottaviani C, Penninx BWJH, Ponzio A, Poudel GR, Reinelt J, Ren P, Sakaki M, Schumann A, Sørensen L, Specht K, Straub J, Tamm S, Thai M, Thayer JF, Ubani B, van der Mee DJ, van Velzen LS, Ventura-Bort C, Villringer A, Watson DR, Wei L, Wendt J, Schreiner MW, Westlye LT, Weymar M, Winkelmann T, Wu GR, Yoo HJ, Quintana DS. Cortical thickness and resting-state cardiac function across the lifespan: A cross-sectional pooled mega-analysis. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13688. [PMID: 33037836 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting-state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these inconsistencies may be due to sex and age differences in HR/HRV and CT. Previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes, which impede the assessment of sex differences and aging effects on the association between ANS function and CT. To overcome these limitations, 20 groups worldwide contributed data collected under similar protocols of CT assessment and HR/HRV recording to be pooled in a mega-analysis (N = 1,218 (50.5% female), mean age 36.7 years (range: 12-87)). Findings suggest a decline in HRV as well as CT with increasing age. CT, particularly in the orbitofrontal cortex, explained additional variance in HRV, beyond the effects of aging. This pattern of results may suggest that the decline in HRV with increasing age is related to a decline in orbitofrontal CT. These effects were independent of sex and specific to HRV; with no significant association between CT and HR. Greater CT across the adult lifespan may be vital for the maintenance of healthy cardiac regulation via the ANS-or greater cardiac vagal activity as indirectly reflected in HRV may slow brain atrophy. Findings reveal an important association between CT and cardiac parasympathetic activity with implications for healthy aging and longevity that should be studied further in longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Abler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mia Anthony
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Brown
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luca Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Hugo D Critchley
- Psychiatry, BSMS Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS), University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isabel Dziobek
- Department of Psychology, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc D Ferger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Gaebler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melita J Giummarra
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Caulfield Pain Management and Research Centre, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven G Greening
- Department of Psychology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Simon Guendelman
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy X Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Jentschke
- Cluster "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bonnie Klimes-Dougan
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, College of Liberal Arts, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Cluster "Languages of Emotion", Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marlene Krauch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Deniz Kumral
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mats Lekander
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Feng Lin
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elena Makovac
- Centre for Neuroimaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Mancini
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Falk Mancke
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer N T Månsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen B Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mara Mather
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frances Meeten
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Jungwon Min
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bryon Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vera Muench
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lin Nga
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjorgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allison Ponzio
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Govinda R Poudel
- Behaviour Environment and Cognition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janis Reinelt
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ping Ren
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michiko Sakaki
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Japan
| | - Andy Schumann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lin Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Joana Straub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Tamm
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Thai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Ubani
- Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denise J van der Mee
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura S van Velzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Medical Center and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos Ventura-Bort
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David R Watson
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Luqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Julia Wendt
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkelmann
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hyun Joo Yoo
- Emotion and Cognition Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Laeng B, Flaaten CB, Walle KM, Hochkeppler A, Specht K. "Mickey Mousing" in the Brain: Motion-Sound Synesthesia and the Subcortical Substrate of Audio-Visual Integration. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:605166. [PMID: 33658913 PMCID: PMC7917298 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.605166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motion-sound synesthesia is characterized by illusory auditory sensations linked to the pattern and rhythms of motion (dubbed "Mickey Mousing" as in cinema) of visually experienced but soundless object, like an optical flow array, a ball bouncing or a horse galloping. In an MRI study with a group of three synesthetes and a group of eighteen control participants, we found structural changes in the brains of synesthetes in the subcortical multisensory areas of the superior and inferior colliculi. In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging data showed activity in motion-sensitive regions, as well as temporal and occipital areas, and the cerebellum. However, the synesthetes had a higher activation within the left and right cuneus, with stronger activations when viewing optical flow stimuli. There was also a general difference in connectivity of the colliculi with the above mentioned regions between the two groups. These findings implicate low-level mechanisms within the human neuroaxis as a substrate for local connectivity and cross activity between perceptual processes that are "distant" in terms of cortical topography. The present findings underline the importance of considering the role of subcortical systems and their connectivity to multimodal regions of the cortex and they strengthen a parsimonious account of synesthesia, at the least of the visual-auditory type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Laeng
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,RITMO Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Barthel Flaaten
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT Centre for Research on Mental Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Maehlum Walle
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hochkeppler
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Heggdal POL, Larsen KS, Brännström J, Aarstad HJ, Specht K. Reduced grey- and white matter volumes due to unilateral hearing loss following treatment for vestibular schwannoma. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05658. [PMID: 33364477 PMCID: PMC7754525 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies of the consequences of unilateral hearing loss (UHL) on the functional-structural organization of the brain has included subjects with various degrees of UHL. We suggest that the consequences of a total loss of hearing in one ear might differ from those seen in subjects with residual hearing in the affected ear. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to compare the structural properties of auditory and non-auditory brain regions in persons with complete UHL to those of normal hearing controls. We hypothesize that the consequences of complete UHL following treatment for vestibular schwannoma will differ between ipsi- and contralateral structures, as well as between right- and left side deafness. Design A 3T Siemens Prisma MR-scanner was used. Anatomical images were acquired using a high-resolution T1-weighted sequence. Grey- and white matter volumes were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Study sample Twenty-two patients with left- or right-side unilateral hearing loss. Fifty normal hearing controls. Results Reductions in grey- and white matter volumes were seen in cortical and sub-cortical regions, mainly in the right hemisphere including the auditory cortex, lingual gyrus, cuneus, middle temporal gyrus, occipital fusiform gyrus, middle cingulate gyrus and the superior temporal gyrus. Patients displayed reduced grey- and white matter volumes in cerebellar exterior structures ipsilateral to the tumor side. Conclusion When compared to controls, right side hearing loss yields more widespread reduction of grey matter volume than left side hearing loss. The findings of reduced grey- and white matter volumes in auditory and non-auditory brain regions could be related to problems with speech perception in adverse listening conditions, increased listening effort and reduced quality of life reported by persons with unilateral hearing loss despite normal hearing in the unaffected ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder O. Laugen Heggdal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, PB 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kristina S. Larsen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, PB 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonas Brännström
- Department of Clinical Science, Section of Logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Jørgen Aarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, PB 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, PB 7807, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Peeken J, Chen E, Hippe D, Specht K, Kim E, Mayr N, Nyflot M, Combs S. SP-0518: Development and validation of a deltaradiomics response model for neoadjuvant radiotherapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Marquardt L, Kusztrits I, Craven AR, Hugdahl K, Specht K, Hirnstein M. A multimodal study of the effects of tDCS on dorsolateral prefrontal and temporo-parietal areas during dichotic listening. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:449-459. [PMID: 32746504 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The underlying neural mechanisms of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), especially beyond the primary motor cortex, remain unclear. Several studies examined tDCS effects on either functional activity, neurotransmitters or behavior but few investigated those aspects together to reveal how the brain responds to tDCS. The objective is to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tDCS using a multimodal approach that extends from behavioral to neurotransmitter levels of explanation. Thirty-two healthy participants performed an auditory dichotic listening task at two visits, one session with sham and one session with real tDCS (2 mA) while simultaneously undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The anode and cathode were placed over the left temporo-parietal cortex (TPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, respectively. Before and after simultaneous dichotic listening/fMRI/tDCS, combined glutamate and glutamine (Glx) and myo-inositol levels were assessed in the stimulated areas. While fMRI and dichotic listening showed expected functional activity and behavioral effects, neither method demonstrated differences between real and sham stimulation. Glx only showed a statistical trend towards higher levels after real tDCS in both stimulated brain areas. There were no significant correlations between behavior and Glx. Despite a reasonable sample size, electrical field strength, and replication of behavioral and functional activity results, tDCS had little to no effect on dichotic listening, Glx, and functional activity. The study emphasizes that findings about the underlying neural mechanisms of the primary motor cortex cannot simply be generalized to other brain areas. Particularly, the TPC might be less sensitive to tDCS. Moreover, the study demonstrates the general feasibility of multimodal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Marquardt
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Isabella Kusztrits
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Medical and Imaging Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Stavestrand SH, Sirevåg K, Nordhus IH, Sjøbø T, Endal TB, Nordahl HM, Specht K, Hammar Å, Halmøy A, Martinsen EW, Andersson E, Hjelmervik H, Mohlman J, Thayer JF, Hovland A. Correction to: Physical exercise augmented cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder (PEXACOG): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:317. [PMID: 32252803 PMCID: PMC7132867 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the publication of our article [1], we have become aware of one error in the exclusion criteria, inconsistencies in Figure 1 and Figure 2, and a typo in the reference list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Haukenes Stavestrand
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway.
| | - Kristine Sirevåg
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway
| | - Inger Hilde Nordhus
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1078, Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Sjøbø
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway
| | | | - Hans M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Box 8905, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,St.Olavs Hospital HF, Nidaros DPS, Box 3250, Sluppen, NO-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åsa Hammar
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Halmøy
- Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Kronstad DPS/Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Box 1400, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Egil W Martinsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1078, Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Andersson
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Hjelmervik
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Mohlman
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Road, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anders Hovland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway
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24
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Abstract
Translational neuroscience is an important field that brings together clinical praxis with neuroscience methods. In this review article, the focus will be on functional neuroimaging (fMRI) and its applicability in clinical fMRI studies. In the light of the "replication crisis," three aspects will be critically discussed: First, the fMRI signal itself, second, current fMRI praxis, and, third, the next generation of analysis strategies. Current attempts such as resting-state fMRI, meta-analyses, and machine learning will be discussed with their advantages and potential pitfalls and disadvantages. One major concern is that the fMRI signal shows substantial within- and between-subject variability, which affects the reliability of both task-related, but in particularly resting-state fMRI studies. Furthermore, the lack of standardized acquisition and analysis methods hinders the further development of clinical relevant approaches. However, meta-analyses and machine-learning approaches may help to overcome current shortcomings in the methods by identifying new, and yet hidden relationships, and may help to build new models on disorder mechanisms. Furthermore, better control of parameters that may have an influence on the fMRI signal and that can easily be controlled for, like blood pressure, heart rate, diet, time of day, might improve reliability substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Ulrich JD, Specht K, Schlitter AM, Ceyhan GO, Quante M, Schmid RM, Schlag C. A rare case of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E25-E28. [PMID: 31921981 PMCID: PMC6949164 DOI: 10.1055/a-1038-3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 49-year-old woman consulted her general practitioner (GP) regarding epigastric pain that she had experienced for 2 months. Physical examination and laboratory results were unremarkable. An abdominal ultrasound indicated a solid pancreatic tumor, which was confirmed on subsequent CT and MRI. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed a well-defined heterogeneous, predominantly hypoechoic mass in the pancreatic body, so a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) was suspected. However, EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was performed and based on (immuno-)histochemical findings, the extremely rare diagnosis of a perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the pancreas was made. Due to the malignant potential of pancreatic PEComas, laparoscopic left-sided pancreatectomy was performed. We present a case diagnosed by preoperative EUS-FNA highlighting the clinical and endosonographic features which help to distinguish it from its most important differential diagnosis, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Ulrich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K. Specht
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A. M. Schlitter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G. O. Ceyhan
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Quante
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R. M. Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C. Schlag
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany,Corresponding author Christoph Schlag, MD Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin IIKlinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München81675 MunichGermany+49-89-41404871
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Hugdahl K, Kazimierczak K, Beresniewicz J, Kompus K, Westerhausen R, Ersland L, Grüner R, Specht K. Dynamic up- and down-regulation of the default (DMN) and extrinsic (EMN) mode networks during alternating task-on and task-off periods. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218358. [PMID: 31536496 PMCID: PMC6752853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using fMRI, Hugdahl et al. (2015) reported the existence of a general-domain cortical network during active task-processing which was non-specific to the cognitive task being processed. They labelled this network the extrinsic mode network (EMN). The EMN would be predicted to be negatively, or anti-correlated with the classic default mode network (DMN), typically observed during periods of rest, such that while the EMN should be down-regulated and the DMN up-regulated in the absence of demands for task-processing, the reverse should occur when demands change from resting to task-processing. This would require alternating periods of task-processing and resting and analyzing data continuously when demands change from active to passive periods and vice versa. We were particularly interested in how the networks interact in the critical transition points between conditions. For this purpose, we used an auditory task with multiple cognitive demands in a standard fMRI block-design. Task-present (ON) blocks were alternated with an equal number of task-absent, or rest (OFF) blocks to capture network dynamics across time and changing environmental demands. To achieve this, we specified the onset of each block, and used a finite-impulse response function (FIR) as basis function for estimation of the fMRI-BOLD response. During active (ON) blocks, the results showed an initial rapid onset of activity in the EMN network, which remained throughout the period, and faded away during the first scan of the OFF-block. During OFF blocks, activity in the DMN network showed an initial time-lag where neither the EMN nor the DMN was active, after which the DMN was up-regulated. Studying network dynamics in alternating passive and active periods may provide new insights into brain network interaction and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Justyna Beresniewicz
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristiina Kompus
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Vikene K, Skeie GO, Specht K. Subjective judgments of rhythmic complexity in Parkinson's disease: Higher baseline, preserved relative ability, and modulated by tempo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221752. [PMID: 31479488 PMCID: PMC6719828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties with the perceptual discrimination of rhythms, relative to healthy controls. It is not however clear if this applies only to simpler rhythms (a so called "beat-based" deficit), or if it is a more generalized deficit that also applies to more complex rhythms. Further insight into how people with PD process and perceive rhythm can refine our understanding of the well known problems of temporal processing in the disease. In this study, we wanted to move beyond simple/complex-dichotomy in previous studies, and further investigate the effect of tempo on the perception of musical rhythms. To this end, we constructed ten musical rhythms with a varied degree of complexity across three different tempi. Nineteen people with PD and 19 healthy controls part-took in an internet based listening survey and rated 10 different musical rhythms for complexity and likeability. In what we believe is the first study to do so, we asked for the participants subjective ratings of individual rhythms and not their capacity to directly compare or discriminate between them. We found an overall between-group difference in complexity judgments that was modulated by tempo, but not level of complexity. People with PD rated all rhythms as more complex across tempi, with significant group differences in complexity ratings at 120 and 150bpm, but not at 90bpm. Our analysis found a uniform elevated baseline for complexity judgments in the PD-group, and a strong association between the two groups' rank-ordering the rhythms for complexity. This indicates a preserved ability to discriminate between relative levels of complexity. Finally, the two groups did not significantly differ in their subjective scoring of likeability, demonstrating a dissimilarity between judgment of complexity and judgment of likeability between the two groups. This indicates different cognitive operations for the two types of judgment, and we speculate that Parkinson's disease affects judgment of complexity but not judgment of likeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Vikene
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Olve Skeie
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- The Grieg Academy - Department of Music, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Vikene K, Skeie GO, Specht K. Compensatory task-specific hypersensitivity in bilateral planum temporale and right superior temporal gyrus during auditory rhythm and omission processing in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12623. [PMID: 31477742 PMCID: PMC6718659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons with Parkinson's disease have general timing deficits and have difficulties in rhythm discrimination tasks. The basal ganglia, a crucial part of Parkinson's disease pathology, is believed to play an important role in rhythm and beat processing, with a possible modulation of basal ganglia activity by level of rhythmic complexity. As dysfunction in basal ganglia impacts function in other brain areas in Parkinson's disease during temporal processing, investigating the neuronal basis for rhythm processing is important as it could shed light on the nature of basal ganglia dysfunction and compensatory mechanisms. We constructed an auditory beat-omission fMRI paradigm with two levels of rhythm complexity, to investigate if and where persons with Parkinson's disease showed abnormal activation during rhythm and omission processing, and whether such activations were modulated by the level of rhythmic complexity. We found no effect of complexity, but found crucial group differences. For the processing of normal rhythm presentations, the Parkinson-group showed higher bilateral planum temporal activity, an area previously associated with the processing of complex patterns. For the omissions, the Parkinson-group showed higher activity in an area in the right superior temporal gyrus previously associated with detection of auditory omissions. We believe this shows a pattern of "hypersensitive" activity, indicative of task-specific, compensatory mechanisms in the processing of temporal auditory information in persons with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Vikene
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Geir Olve Skeie
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- The Grieg Academy - Department of Music, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Heggdal POL, Aarstad HJ, Brännström J, Vassbotn FS, Specht K. An fMRI-study on single-sided deafness: Spectral-temporal properties and side of stimulation modulates hemispheric dominance. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:101969. [PMID: 31419767 PMCID: PMC6706639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Our main aim was to investigate the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response to monaural and binaural speech- and non-speech stimuli as measured with fMRI in subjects with single-sided deafness and in normal hearing controls. We hypothesised that the response to monaural stimulation in both normal hearing subjects and persons with single-sided deafness would vary with the complexity and nature of the stimuli and the side of stimulation. Design Patients with left- and right single-sided deafness and controls with normal hearing receiving either binaural or monaural stimuli were tested using speech and non-speech auditory stimuli in an event-related fMRI experiment. Study sample Twenty-two patients with single-sided deafness after treatment for vestibular schwannoma and 50 normal hearing controls. Results Normal hearing persons receiving right side monaural stimuli activate bilateral temporal regions. Activation following left side monaural stimulation is more right lateralized. Persons with single-sided deafness respond similarly to controls to monaural stimulation. Persons with right side single-sided deafness show activation of frontal cortical regions not seen in persons with left side single-sided deafness following speech stimuli. This is possibly related to increased effort and more frequently reported problems with communication. Right side single-sided deafness is related to increased activation of areas usually related to processing of degraded input, including the thalamus. Conclusion Hemispheric dominance following monaural auditory stimulation is modulated by the spectral-temporal properties of the stimuli and by which ear is stimulated. Differences between patients with right- and left side deafness suggests that right side deafness is related to increased activation of areas involved in processing of degraded input. Hemispheric dominance following monaural stimulation is modulated by stimuli properties and by which ear is stimulated Results suggests that right side deafness is related to increased activation of eares involved in processing degraded input Self-assessed communication ability and the BOLD-response to phonetic stimuli correlate in several brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder O Laugen Heggdal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, PB 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Hans Jørgen Aarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, PB 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Jonas Brännström
- Department of Clinical Science, Section of logopedics, Phoniatrics and Audiology, Lund University, Box 117, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Flemming S Vassbotn
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, PB 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, PB 7807, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Vik BMD, Skeie GO, Specht K. Neuroplastic Effects in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury After Music-Supported Therapy. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:177. [PMID: 31293405 PMCID: PMC6604902 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) often occurs following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can lead to complex behavioral changes, including difficulty with attention and concentration. We investigated the effects of musical training on patients with behavioral and cognitive deficits following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and found significant functional neuro-plastic changes in the OFC's networks. The results from neuropsychological tests revealed an improved cognitive performance. Moreover, six out of seven participants in this group returned to work post intervention and reported improved well-being and social behavior. In this study, we explore the functional changes in OFC following music-supported intervention in reference to connecting networks that may be responsible for enhanced social interaction. Furthermore, we discuss the factor of dopamine release during playing as an element providing a possible impact on the results. The intervention consisted of playing piano, two sessions per week in 8 weeks, 30 min each time, with an instructor. Additional playing was required with a minimum of 15 min per day at home. Mean time playing piano in reference to participant's report was 3 h per week during the intervention period. Three groups participated, one mTBI group (n = 7), two control groups consisting of healthy participants, one with music training (n = 11), and one baseline group without music training (n = 12). Participants in the clinical group had received standardized cognitive rehabilitation treatment during hospitalization without recovering from their impairments. The intervention took place 2 years post injury. All participants were assessed with neuropsychological tests and with both task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pre-post intervention. The results demonstrated a significant improvement of neuropsychological tests in the clinical group, consistent with fMRI results in which there were functional changes in the orbitofrontal networks (OFC). These changes were concordantly seen both in a simple task fMRI but also in resting-state fMRI, which was analyzed with dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We hypothesized that playing piano, as designed in the training protocol, may provide a positive increase in both well-being and social interaction. We suggest that the novelty of the intervention may have clinical relevance for patients with behavioral problems following a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geir Olve Skeie
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Grieg Academy Research Centre of Music Therapy (GAMUT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Stavestrand SH, Sirevåg K, Nordhus IH, Sjøbø T, Endal TB, Nordahl HM, Specht K, Hammar Å, Halmøy A, Martinsen EW, Andersson E, Hjelmervik H, Mohlman J, Thayer JF, Hovland A. Physical exercise augmented cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalised anxiety disorder (PEXACOG): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:174. [PMID: 30885256 PMCID: PMC6423789 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a frequent and severe anxiety disorder among older adults. GAD increases the risk of developing other disorders such as depression and coronary heart disease. Older adults with GAD exhibit a poorer response to cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) compared to younger patients with GAD. The normal age-related cognitive decline can be a contributor to reduced treatment efficacy. One strategy for improving treatment efficacy is to combine CBT with adjunctive interventions targeted at improving cognitive functions. Physical exercise is a viable intervention in this regard. Increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor may mediate improvement in cognitive function. The present study aims to investigate the proposed effects and mechanisms related to concomitant physical exercise. Methods The sample comprises 70 participants aged 60–75 years, who have GAD. Exclusion criteria comprise substance abuse and unstable medication; inability to participate in physical exercise; and conditions which precludes GAD as primary diagnosis. The interventions are individual treatment in the outpatient clinic at the local psychiatric hospital, with two experimental arms: (1) CBT + physical exercise and (2) CBT + telephone calls. The primary outcome measure is symptom reduction on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Other measures include questionnaires, clinical interviews, physiological, biological and neuropsychological tests. A subset of 40 participants will undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After inclusion, participants undergo baseline testing, and are subsequently randomized to a treatment condition. Participants attend five sessions of the add-on treatment in the pre-treatment phase, and move on to interim testing. After interim testing, participants attend 10 sessions of CBT in parallel with continued add-on treatment. Participants are tested post-intervention within 2 weeks of completing treatment, with follow-up testing 6 and 12 months later. Discussion This study aims to develop better treatment for GAD in older adults. Enhancing treatment response will be valuable from both individual and societal perspectives, especially taking the aging of the general population into account. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02690441. Registered on 24 February 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3268-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Haukenes Stavestrand
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway.
| | - Kristine Sirevåg
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway
| | - Inger Hilde Nordhus
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1078, Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Sjøbø
- Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway
| | | | - Hans M Nordahl
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Box 8905, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway.,St.Olavs Hospital HF, Nidaros DPS, Box 3250, Sluppen, NO-7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åsa Hammar
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Halmøy
- Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Kronstad DPS/Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Box 1400, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Egil W Martinsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1078, Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Andersson
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Hjelmervik
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Mohlman
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Road, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anders Hovland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway
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Dwyer GE, Hugdahl K, Specht K, Grüner R. Current Practice and New Developments in the Use of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Key Metabolites Implicated in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 18:1908-1924. [PMID: 30499397 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666181130103559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) has become a valuable tool for investigating the biochemical bases of both normal processes in the healthy brain and elucidating the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. As a rapidly advancing field, new developments in pulse sequence design have seen new possibilities arise in terms of what can be done with in vivo spectroscopy. While the applications of MRS are numerous, this review has been confined to the use of single voxel spectroscopy in the assessment of five key metabolites and their roles in schizophrenia: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutathione (GSH). This article will briefly cover the roles they play in schizophrenia, review current methods being used in their assessment and highlight new approaches that may potentially overcome some of the limitations current methods pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard E Dwyer
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Centre of Excellence, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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33
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Vik BM, Skeie GO, Specht K. Neuro-plastic Effects of Playing Piano Within Cognitive Rehabilitation of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vikene K, Skeie GO, Specht K. Abnormal phasic activity in saliency network, motor areas, and basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease during rhythm perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:916-927. [PMID: 30375107 PMCID: PMC6587836 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies indicate that persons with Parkinson's disease have complexity dependent problems with the discrimination of auditory rhythms. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies show that rhythm processing activates many brain areas that overlap with areas affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). This study sought to investigate the neural correlates of rhythm processing in PD and healthy controls, with a particular focus on rhythmic complexity. We further aimed to investigate differences in brain activation during initial phases of rhythm processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to scan 15 persons with Parkinson's disease and 15 healthy controls while they listened to musical rhythms with two different levels of complexity. Rhythmic complexity had no significant effect on brain activations, but patients and controls showed differences in areas related to temporal auditory processing, notably bilateral planum temporale and inferior parietal lobule. We found indications of a particular sequential or phasic activation pattern of brain activity, where activity in caudate nucleus in the basal ganglia was time‐displaced by activation in the saliency network—comprised of anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral anterior insula—and cortical and subcortical motor areas, during the initial phases of listening to rhythms. We relate our findings to core PD pathology, and discuss the overall, rhythm processing related hyperactivity in PD as a possible dysfunction in specific basal ganglia mechanisms, and the phasic activation pattern in PD as a reflection of a lack of preparatory activation of task‐relevant brain networks for rhythm processing in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Vikene
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir-Olve Skeie
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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35
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Specht K, Wigglesworth P. The functional and structural asymmetries of the superior temporal sulcus. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:74-82. [PMID: 29356006 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is an anatomical structure that increasingly interests researchers. This structure appears to receive multisensory input and is involved in several perceptual and cognitive core functions, such as speech perception, audiovisual integration, (biological) motion processing and theory of mind capacities. In addition, the superior temporal sulcus is not only one of the longest sulci of the brain, but it also shows marked functional and structural asymmetries, some of which have only been found in humans. To explore the functional-structural relationships of these asymmetries in more detail, this study combines functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Using a speech perception task, an audiovisual integration task, and a theory of mind task, this study again demonstrated an involvement of the STS in these processes, with an expected strong leftward asymmetry for the speech perception task. Furthermore, this study confirmed the earlier described, human-specific asymmetries, namely that the left STS is longer than the right STS and that the right STS is deeper than the left STS. However, this study did not find any relationship between these structural asymmetries and the detected brain activations or their functional asymmetries. This can, on the other hand, give further support to the notion that the structural asymmetry of the STS is not directly related to the functional asymmetry of the speech perception and the language system as a whole, but that it may have other causes and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Philip Wigglesworth
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Oslo, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Hjelmervik H, Hausmann M, Craven AR, Hirnstein M, Hugdahl K, Specht K. Sex- and sex hormone-related variations in energy-metabolic frontal brain asymmetries: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neuroimage 2018; 172:817-825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Sarcomas of the Ewing family of tumors are aggressive neoplasms occurring in bone and soft tissue of mostly children and young adults. Classical Ewing sarcomas are pathognomonically characterized by fusions between a gene of the RNA-binding TET family (EWSR1 or FUS) with a gene of the ETS-transcription family (FLI1, ERG, ETV1, ETV4 or FEV). Less frequent cases designated as Ewing-like sarcomas show different genetic rearrangements between EWSR1 and non-ETS genes (NFATC2, POU5F1, SMARCA5, PATZ, ZSG, SP3). Moreover, new molecular alterations biologically unrelated to Ewing sarcomas have recently been described in the category of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas including CIC-DUX4 fusions or BCOR alterations, each carrying unique gene expression signatures. In contrast to classical Ewing sarcomas, the morphologic spectrum of these tumor entities is much broader and includes round cell areas as well as spindled and myxoid components. The immunohistochemical profile with inconsistent CD99 positivity makes diagnosis more difficult and requires the use of a broad spectrum of antibodies and elaborate molecular work-up. Further studies for future therapeutic decision making in these newly described round cell sarcomas as well as for molecular subclassification of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Specht
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - W Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Deutschland
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38
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Vik BMD, Skeie GO, Vikane E, Specht K. Effects of music production on cortical plasticity within cognitive rehabilitation of patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2018; 32:634-643. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1431842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Geir Olve Skeie
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Grieg Academy Research Centre of Music Therapy (GAMUT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Vikane
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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39
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Kandilarova S, Stoyanov D, Kostianev S, Specht K. Altered Resting State Effective Connectivity of Anterior Insula in Depression. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:83. [PMID: 29599728 PMCID: PMC5862800 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has been associated with changes in both functional and effective connectivity of large scale brain networks, including the default mode network, executive network, and salience network. However, studies of effective connectivity by means of spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) are still rare and the interaction between the different resting state networks has not been investigated in detail. Thus, we aimed at exploring differences in effective connectivity among eight right hemisphere brain areas-anterior insula, inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus (MFG), frontal eye field, anterior cingulate cortex, superior parietal lobe, amygdala, and hippocampus, between a group of healthy controls (N = 20) and medicated depressed patients (N = 20). We found that patients not only had significantly reduced strength of the connection from the anterior insula to the MFG (i.e., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) but also a significant connection between the amygdala and the anterior insula. Moreover, depression severity correlated with connectivity of the hippocampal node. In conclusion, the results from this resting state spDCM study support and enrich previous data on the role of the right anterior insula in the pathophysiology of depression. Furthermore, our findings add to the growing evidence of an association between depression severity and disturbances of the hippocampal function in terms of impaired connectivity with other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdalina Kandilarova
- Research Complex for Translational Neuroscience, Medical University of Plovdiv (MUP), Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Plovdiv (MUP), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Drozdstoy Stoyanov
- Research Complex for Translational Neuroscience, Medical University of Plovdiv (MUP), Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Plovdiv (MUP), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Kostianev
- Research Complex for Translational Neuroscience, Medical University of Plovdiv (MUP), Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Plovdiv (MUP), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Tromsø, Norway
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40
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Mogler C, Boxberg M, Knebel C, Weichert W, Wörtler K, Specht K. [Spindle-cell osteosclerotic bone lesion with MDM2 amplification]. Pathologe 2017; 39:186-190. [PMID: 29209796 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-017-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This case report presents an osteosclerotic bone lesion in a 49-year-old man with MDM2 amplification. The final diagnosis shows metastasis to the bones from stomach cancer. In primary bone tumours, the MDM2 amplifications observed have been described for many other tumour entities as well, and therefore do not exclude bone metastasis from a carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mogler
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - M Boxberg
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - C Knebel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Deutschland
| | - W Weichert
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - K Wörtler
- Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Deutschland
| | - K Specht
- Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, 81675, München, Deutschland
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41
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Brodal HP, Osnes B, Specht K. Listening to Rhythmic Music Reduces Connectivity within the Basal Ganglia and the Reward System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:153. [PMID: 28400717 PMCID: PMC5368249 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Music can trigger emotional responses in a more direct way than any other stimulus. In particular, music-evoked pleasure involves brain networks that are part of the reward system. Furthermore, rhythmic music stimulates the basal ganglia and may trigger involuntary movements to the beat. In the present study, we created a continuously playing rhythmic, dance floor-like composition where the ambient noise from the MR scanner was incorporated as an additional instrument of rhythm. By treating this continuous stimulation paradigm as a variant of resting-state, the data was analyzed with stochastic dynamic causal modeling (sDCM), which was used for exploring functional dependencies and interactions between core areas of auditory perception, rhythm processing, and reward processing. The sDCM model was a fully connected model with the following areas: auditory cortex, putamen/pallidum, and ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens of both hemispheres. The resulting estimated parameters were compared to ordinary resting-state data, without an additional continuous stimulation. Besides reduced connectivity within the basal ganglia, the results indicated a reduced functional connectivity of the reward system, namely the right ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens from and to the basal ganglia and auditory network while listening to rhythmic music. In addition, the right ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens demonstrated also a change in its hemodynamic parameter, reflecting an increased level of activation. These converging results may indicate that the dopaminergic reward system reduces its functional connectivity and relinquishing its constraints on other areas when we listen to rhythmic music.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans P Brodal
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Berge Osnes
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of BergenBergen, Norway; Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University HospitalBergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of BergenBergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University HospitalBergen, Norway
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42
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Kelley L, Schlegel M, Hecker-Nolting S, Rössig C, Reichardt P, Kager L, Kühne T, Gosheger G, Windhager R, Specht K, Kevric M, Nathrath M, Tunn P, Baumhoer D, Werner M, Von Kalle T, Burdach S, Bielack S, Von Luettichau I. Pathological fracture and prognosis of high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities. An analysis of 2,847 consecutive cooperative osteosarcoma study group (COSS) patients. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Morken F, Helland T, Hugdahl K, Specht K. Reading in dyslexia across literacy development: A longitudinal study of effective connectivity. Neuroimage 2017; 144:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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44
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Robson H, Specht K, Beaumont H, Parkes LM, Sage K, Lambon Ralph MA, Zahn R. Arterial spin labelling shows functional depression of non-lesion tissue in chronic Wernicke's aphasia. Cortex 2016; 92:249-260. [PMID: 28525836 PMCID: PMC5480775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural impairment post-stroke is a consequence of structural damage and altered functional network dynamics. Hypoperfusion of intact neural tissue is frequently observed in acute stroke, indicating reduced functional capacity of regions outside the lesion. However, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is rarely investigated in chronic stroke. This study investigated CBF in individuals with chronic Wernicke's aphasia (WA) and examined the relationship between lesion, CBF and neuropsychological impairment. Arterial spin labelling CBF imaging and structural MRIs were collected in 12 individuals with chronic WA and 13 age-matched control participants. Joint independent component analysis (jICA) investigated the relationship between structural lesion and hypoperfusion. Partial correlations explored the relationship between lesion, hypoperfusion and language measures. Joint ICA revealed significant differences between the control and WA groups reflecting a large area of structural lesion in the left posterior hemisphere and an associated area of hypoperfusion extending into grey matter surrounding the lesion. Small regions of remote cortical hypoperfusion were observed, ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion. Significant correlations were observed between the neuropsychological measures (naming, repetition, reading and semantic association) and the jICA component of interest in the WA group. Additional ROI analyses found a relationship between perfusion surrounding the core lesion and the same neuropsychological measures. This study found that core language impairments in chronic WA are associated with a combination of structural lesion and abnormal perfusion in non-lesioned tissue. This indicates that post-stroke impairments are due to a wider disruption of neural function than observable on structural T1w MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Robson
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK.
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Laura M Parkes
- Centre for Imaging Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Sage
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, School Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Roland Zahn
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Kings College London, UK
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45
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Folgerø PO, Hodne L, Johansson C, Andresen AE, Sætren LC, Specht K, Skaar ØO, Reber R. Effects of Facial Symmetry and Gaze Direction on Perception of Social Attributes: A Study in Experimental Art History. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:452. [PMID: 27679567 PMCID: PMC5020052 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores the possibility of testing hypotheses about art production in the past by collecting data in the present. We call this enterprise "experimental art history". Why did medieval artists prefer to paint Christ with his face directed towards the beholder, while profane faces were noticeably more often painted in different degrees of profile? Is a preference for frontal faces motivated by deeper evolutionary and biological considerations? Head and gaze direction is a significant factor for detecting the intentions of others, and accurate detection of gaze direction depends on strong contrast between a dark iris and a bright sclera, a combination that is only found in humans among the primates. One uniquely human capacity is language acquisition, where the detection of shared or joint attention, for example through detection of gaze direction, contributes significantly to the ease of acquisition. The perceived face and gaze direction is also related to fundamental emotional reactions such as fear, aggression, empathy and sympathy. The fast-track modulator model presents a related fast and unconscious subcortical route that involves many central brain areas. Activity in this pathway mediates the affective valence of the stimulus. In particular, different sub-regions of the amygdala show specific activation as response to gaze direction, head orientation and the valence of facial expression. We present three experiments on the effects of face orientation and gaze direction on the judgments of social attributes. We observed that frontal faces with direct gaze were more highly associated with positive adjectives. Does this help to associate positive values to the Holy Face in a Western context? The formal result indicates that the Holy Face is perceived more positively than profiles with both direct and averted gaze. Two control studies, using a Brazilian and a Dutch database of photographs, showed a similar but weaker effect with a larger contrast between the gaze directions for profiles. Our findings indicate that many factors affect the impression of a face, and that eye contact in combination with face direction reinforce the general impression of portraits, rather than determine it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per O Folgerø
- Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Lasse Hodne
- Department of Art and Media Studies, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet (NTNU) Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christer Johansson
- Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Alf E Andresen
- Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Lill C Sætren
- Department of Linguistic, Literary and Aesthetic Studies, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rolf Reber
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
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46
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Specht
- fMRI-Section, Division of Neuroradiology, Medical Center Bonn, Bonn; Germany
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47
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Passow S, Specht K, Adamsen TC, Biermann M, Brekke N, Craven AR, Ersland L, Grüner R, Kleven-Madsen N, Kvernenes OH, Schwarzlmüller T, Olesen R, Hugdahl K. A close link between metabolic activity and functional connectivity in the resting human brain. EJNMMI Phys 2016; 2:A78. [PMID: 26956339 PMCID: PMC4798624 DOI: 10.1186/2197-7364-2-s1-a78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Passow
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Christian Adamsen
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Biermann
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Njål Brekke
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexander Richard Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Ersland
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Nina Kleven-Madsen
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Thomas Schwarzlmüller
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Rasmus Olesen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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48
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Balesh E, Misono A, Attaya H, Wehrenberg-Klee E, Rao S, Specht K, Bonk S, Loomis S, Sheridan R, Mueller P, Walker T. Medical student perceptions of interventional radiology (IR): impact of an IR symposium. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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49
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Hugdahl K, Raichle ME, Mitra A, Specht K. On the existence of a generalized non-specific task-dependent network. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:430. [PMID: 26300757 PMCID: PMC4526816 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we suggest the existence of a generalized task-related cortical network that is up-regulated whenever the task to be performed requires the allocation of generalized non-specific cognitive resources, independent of the specifics of the task to be performed. We have labeled this general purpose network, the extrinsic mode network (EMN) as complementary to the default mode network (DMN), such that the EMN is down-regulated during periods of task-absence, when the DMN is up-regulated, and vice versa. We conceptualize the EMN as a cortical network for extrinsic neuronal activity, similar to the DMN as being a cortical network for intrinsic neuronal activity. The EMN has essentially a fronto-temporo-parietal spatial distribution, including the inferior and middle frontal gyri, inferior parietal lobule, supplementary motor area, inferior temporal gyrus. We hypothesize that this network is always active regardless of the cognitive task being performed. We further suggest that failure of network up- and down-regulation dynamics may provide neuronal underpinnings for cognitive impairments seen in many mental disorders, such as, e.g., schizophrenia. We start by describing a common observation in functional imaging, the close overlap in fronto-parietal activations in healthy individuals to tasks that denote very different cognitive processes. We now suggest that this is because the brain utilizes the EMN network as a generalized response to tasks that exceeds a cognitive demand threshold and/or requires the processing of novel information. We further discuss how the EMN is related to the DMN, and how a network for extrinsic activity is related to a network for intrinsic activity. Finally, we discuss whether the EMN and DMN networks interact in a common single brain system, rather than being two separate and independent brain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway ; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen Norway ; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen Norway ; NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI USA
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway ; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen Norway
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50
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Kompus K, Westerhausen R, Craven AR, Kreegipuu K, Põldver N, Passow S, Specht K, Hugdahl K, Näätänen R. Resting-state glutamatergic neurotransmission is related to the peak latency of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) for duration deviants: An1H-MRS-EEG study. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1131-9. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Kompus
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - René Westerhausen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Psychology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Alex R. Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | | | - Nele Põldver
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
- Doctoral School of Behavioural, Social and Health Sciences; University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | - Susanne Passow
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Engineering; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Division of Psychiatry; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Radiology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - Risto Näätänen
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Center of Functionally Integrated Neurosciences (CFIN); University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
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