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Melnes T, Bogsrud MP, Christensen JJ, Rundblad A, Narverud I, Retterstøl K, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Ulven SM, Holven KB. Gene expression profiling in elderly patients with familial hypercholesterolemia with and without coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117507. [PMID: 38663317 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elderly familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients are at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) due to high cholesterol burden and late onset of effective cholesterol-lowering therapies. A subset of these individuals remains free from any CHD event, indicating the potential presence of protective factors. Identifying possible cardioprotective gene expression profiles could contribute to our understanding of CHD prevention and future preventive treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate gene expression profiles in elderly event-free FH patients. METHODS Expression of 773 genes was analysed using the Nanostring Metabolic Pathways Panel, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from FH patients ≥65 years without CHD (FH event-free, n = 44) and with CHD (FH CHD, n = 39), and from healthy controls ≥70 years (n = 39). RESULTS None of the genes were differentially expressed between FH patients with and without CHD after adjusting for multiple testing. However, at nominal p < 0.05, we found 36 (5%) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two FH groups, mainly related to lipid metabolism (e.g. higher expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in FH event-free) and immune responses (e.g. lower expression of STAT1 and STAT3 in FH event-free). When comparing FH patients to controls, the event-free group had fewer DEGs than the CHD group; 147 (19%) and 219 (28%) DEGs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Elderly event-free FH patients displayed a different PBMC gene expression profile compared to FH patients with CHD. Differences in gene expression compared to healthy controls were more pronounced in the CHD group, indicating a less atherogenic gene expression profile in event-free individuals. Overall, identification of cardioprotective factors could lead to future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Melnes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Norway.
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Bålsrud P, Ulven SM, Christensen JJ, Ottestad I, Holven KB. Inflammatory markers and frailty in home-dwelling elderly, a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:175. [PMID: 38373890 PMCID: PMC10877806 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade, chronic inflammation during ageing, ("inflammageing"), is suggested to be involved in the development of frailty in older age. However, studies on the association between frailty, using the frailty index definition, and inflammatory markers are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and frailty index (FI) in older, home-dwelling adults. METHOD Home-dwelling men and women aged ≥ 70 years old, living in South-East Norway were recruited and included in a cross-sectional study. The FI used in the current study was developed according to Rockwood's frailty index and included 38 variables, resulting in an FI score between 0 and 1 for each participant. Circulating inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP, IGF-1, cystatin C, cathepsin S, and glycoprotein Acetyls) were analyzed from non-fasting blood samples using ELISA. Whole-genome PBMC transcriptomics was used to study the association between FI score and inflammation. RESULTS The study population comprised 403 elderly (52% women), with a median age of 74 years and a mean BMI of 26.2 kg/m2. The mean FI score for the total group was 0.15 (range 0.005-0.56). The group was divided into a frail group (FI score ≥ 0.25) and non-frail group. After adjusting for BMI, age, sex, and smoking in the whole group, IL-6, cathepsin S, cystatin C, and Gp-acetyls remained significant associated to FI score (IL-6: 0.002, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.002, cathepsin S: 6.7e-06, 95% CI 2.44e-06, 0.00001, cystatin C: 0.004, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.006, Gp- Acetyls: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.13, p < 0.01 for all), while CRP and IGF-1 were not (0.0003, 95% CI: -00001, 0.0007, p = 0.13, (-1.27e-06), 95% CI: (-0.0003), 0.0003, p = 0.99). There was a significant association between FI score and inflammatory markers, and FI score and monocyte-specific gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We found an association between FI score and inflammatory markers, and between FI score and monocyte-specific gene expression among elderly subjects above 70 years of age. Whether inflammation is a cause or consequence of frailty and whether the progression of frailty can be attenuated by reducing inflammation remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Bålsrud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- National Advisory Unit on FH, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Christensen JJ, Arnesen EK, Rundblad A, Telle-Hansen VH, Narverud I, Blomhoff R, Bogsrud MP, Retterstøl K, Ulven SM, Holven KB. Dietary fat quality, plasma atherogenic lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: An overview of the rationale for dietary recommendations for fat intake. Atherosclerosis 2024; 389:117433. [PMID: 38219649 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The scientific evidence supporting the current dietary recommendations for fat quality keeps accumulating; however, a paradoxical distrust has taken root among many researchers, clinicians, and in parts of the general public. One explanation for this distrust may relate to an incomplete overview of the totality of the evidence for the link between fat quality as a dietary exposure, and health outcomes such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Therefore, the main aim of the present narrative review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the rationale for dietary recommendations for fat intake, limiting our discussion to ASCVD as outcome. Herein, we provide a core framework - a causal model - that can help us understand the evidence that has accumulated to date, and that can help us understand new evidence that may become available in the future. The causal model for fat quality and ASCVD is comprised of three key research questions (RQs), each of which determine which scientific methods are most appropriate to use, and thereby which lines of evidence that should feed into the causal model. First, we discuss the link between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and ASCVD (RQ1); we draw especially on evidence from genetic studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), epidemiology, and mechanistic studies. Second, we explain the link between dietary fat quality and LDL particles (RQ2); we draw especially on metabolic ward studies, controlled trials (randomized and non-randomized), and mechanistic studies. Third, we explain the link between dietary fat quality, LDL particles, and ASCVD (RQ3); we draw especially on RCTs in animals and humans, epidemiology, population-based changes, and experiments of nature. Additionally, the distrust over dietary recommendations for fat quality may partly relate to an unclear understanding of the scientific method, especially as applied in nutrition research, including the process of developing dietary guidelines. We therefore also aimed to clarify this process. We discuss how we assess causality in nutrition research, and how we progress from scientific evidence to providing dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Kristoffer Arnesen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingunn Narverud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Gregersen I, Narverud I, Christensen JJ, Hovland A, Øyri LKL, Ueland T, Retterstøl K, Bogsrud MP, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Holven KB. Plasma legumain in familial hypercholesterolemia: associations with statin use and cardiovascular risk markers. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2024; 84:24-29. [PMID: 38319290 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2024.2309617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Legumain is known to be regulated in atherosclerotic disease and may have both pro- and anti-atherogenic properties. The study aimed to explore legumain in individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a population with increased cardiovascular risk. Plasma legumain was measured in 251 subjects with mostly genetically verified FH, of which 166 were adults (≥18 years) and 85 were children and young adults (<18 years) and compared to 96 normolipidemic healthy controls. Plasma legumain was significantly increased in the total FH population compared to controls (median 4.9 versus 3.3 pg/mL, respectively, p < 0.001), whereof adult subjects with FH using statins had higher levels compared to non-statin users (5.7 versus 3.9 pg/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). Children and young adults with FH (p = 0.67) did not have plasma legumain different from controls at the same age. Further, in FH subjects, legumain showed a positive association with apoB, and markers of inflammation and platelet activation (i.e. fibrinogen, NAP2 and RANTES). In the current study, we show that legumain is increased in adult subjects with FH using statins, whereas there was no difference in legumain among children and young adults with FH compared to controls. Legumain was further associated with cardiovascular risk markers in the FH population. However the role of legumain in regulation of cardiovascular risk in these individuals is still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob Juel Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Hovland
- Nordland Heart Center, Norway
- Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Linn K L Øyri
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Dharmayat KI, Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Stevens CA, Brandts JM, Lyons AR, Groselj U, Abifadel M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Alhabib K, Alkhnifsawi M, Almahmeed W, Alnouri F, Alonso R, Al-Rasadi K, Ashavaid TF, Banach M, Béliard S, Binder C, Bourbon M, Chlebus K, Corral P, Cruz D, Descamps OS, Drogari E, Durst R, Ezhov MV, Genest J, Harada-Shiba M, Holven KB, Humphries SE, Khovidhunkit W, Lalic K, Laufs U, Liberopoulos E, Roeters van Lennep J, Lima-Martinez MM, Lin J, Maher V, März W, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Nawawi H, Panayiotou AG, Paragh G, Postadzhiyan A, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Reyes X, Sadiq F, Sahebkar A, Schunkert H, Shek AB, Stroes E, Su TC, Subramaniam T, Susekov A, Vázquez Cárdenas A, Huong Truong T, Tselepis AD, Vohnout B, Wang L, Yamashita S, Al-Sarraf A, Al-Sayed N, Davletov K, Dwiputra B, Gaita D, Kayikcioglu M, Latkovskis G, Marais AD, Thushara Matthias A, Mirrakhimov E, Nordestgaard BG, Petrulioniene Z, Pojskic B, Sadoh W, Tilney M, Tomlinson B, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Viigimaa M, Catapano AL, Freiberger T, Hovingh GK, Mata P, Soran H, Raal F, Watts GF, Schreier L, Bañares V, Greber-Platzer S, Baumgartner-Kaut M, de Gier C, Dieplinger H, Höllerl F, Innerhofer R, Karall D, Lischka J, Ludvik B, Mäser M, Scholl-Bürgi S, Thajer A, Toplak H, Demeure F, Mertens A, Balligand JL, Stephenne X, Sokal E, Petrov I, Goudev A, Nikolov F, Tisheva S, Yotov Y, Tzvetkov I, Hegele RA, Gaudet D, Brunham L, Ruel I, McCrindle B, Cuevas A, Perica D, Symeonides P, Trogkanis E, Kostis A, Ioannou A, Mouzarou A, Georgiou A, Stylianou A, Miltiadous G, Iacovides P, Deltas C, Vrablik M, Urbanova Z, Jesina P, Tichy L, Hyanek J, Dvorakova J, Cepova J, Sykora J, Buresova K, Pipek M, Pistkova E, Bartkova I, S|ulakova A, Toukalkova L, Spenerova M, Maly J, Benn M, Bendary A, Elbahry A, Ferrières J, Ferrieres D, Peretti N, Bruckert E, Gallo A, Valero R, Mourre F, Aouchiche K, Reynaud R, Tounian P, Lemale J, Boccara F, Moulin P, Charrières S, Di Filippo M, Cariou B, Paillard F, Dourmap C, Pradignac A, Verges B, Simoneau I, Farnier M, Cottin Y, Yelnik C, Hankard R, Schiele F, Durlach V, Sultan A, Carrié A, Rabès JP, Sanin V, Schmieder R, Ates S, Rizos CV, Skoumas I, Tziomalos K, Rallidis L, Kotsis V, Doumas M, Skalidis E, Kolovou G, Kolovou V, Garoufi A, Koutagiar I, Polychronopoulos G, Kiouri E, Antza C, Zacharis E, Attilakos A, Sfikas G, Koumaras C, Anagnostis P, Anastasiou G, Liamis G, Adamidis PS, Milionis H, Lambadiari V, Stabouli S, Filippatos T, Mollaki V, Tsaroumi A, Lamari F, Proyias P, Harangi M, Reddy LL, Shah SAV, Ponde CK, Dalal JJ, Sawhney JP, Verma IC, Hosseini S, Jamialahmadi T, Alareedh M, Shaghee F, Rhadi SH, Abduljalal M, Alfil S, Kareem H, Cohen H, Leitersdorf E, Schurr D, Shpitzen S, Arca M, Averna M, Bertolini S, Calandra S, Tarugi P, Casula M, Galimberti F, Gazzotti M, Olmastroni E, Sarzani R, Ferri C, Repetti E, Giorgino F, Suppressa P, Bossi AC, Borghi C, Muntoni S, Cipollone F, Scicali R, Pujia A, Passaro A, Berteotti M, Pecchioli V, Pisciotta L, Mandraffino G, Pellegatta F, Mombelli G, Branchi A, Fiorenza AM, Pederiva C, Werba JP, Parati G, Nascimbeni F, Iughetti L, Fortunato G, Cavallaro R, Iannuzzo G, Calabrò P, Cefalù AB, Capra ME, Zambon A, Pirro M, Sbrana F, Trenti C, Minicocci I, Federici M, Del Ben M, Buonuomo PS, Moffa S, Pipolo A, Citroni N, Guardamagna O, Lia S, Benso A, Biolo GB, Maroni L, Lupi A, Bonanni L, Rinaldi E, Zenti MG, Masuda D, Mahfouz L, Jambart S, Ayoub C, Ghaleb Y, Kasim NAM, Nor NSM, Al-Khateeb A, Kadir SHSA, Chua YA, Razman AZ, Nazli SA, Ranai NM, Latif AZA, Torres MTM, Mehta R, Martagon AJ, Ramirez GAG, Antonio-Villa NE, Vargas-Vazquez A, Elias-Lopez D, Retana GG, Encinas BR, Macias JJC, Zazueta AR, Alvarado RM, Portano JDM, Lopez HA, Sauque-Reyna L, Gomez Herrera LG, Simental Mendia LE, Aguilar HG, Cooremans ER, Aparicio BP, Zubieta VM, Gonzalez PAC, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Portilla NC, Dominguez GJ, Garcia AYR, Arriaga Cazares HE, Gonzalez Gonzalez JR, Mendez Valencia CV, Padilla Padilla FG, Prado RM, De los Rios Ibarra MO, Arjona Villica~na RD, Acevedo Rivera KJ, Carrera RA, Alvarez JA, Amezcua Martinez JC, Barrera Bustillo MDLR, Vargas GC, Chacon RC, Figueroa Andrade MH, Ortega AF, Alcala HG, Garcia de Leon LE, Guzman BG, Gardu~no Garcia JJ, Garnica Cuellar JC, Gomez Cruz JR, Garcia AH, Holguin Almada JR, Herrera UJ, Sobrevilla FL, Rodriguez EM, Sibaja CM, Medrano Rodriguez AB, Morales Oyervides JC, Perez Vazquez DI, Reyes Rodriguez EA, Osorio MLR, Saucedo JR, Tamayo MT, Valdez Talavera LA, Vera Arroyo LE, Zepeda Carrillo EA, Galema-Boers A, Weigman A, Bogsrud MP, Malik M, Shah S, Khan SA, Rana MA, Batool H, Starostecka E, Konopka A, Lewek J, Bielecka-Dąbrowa A, Gach A, Jóźwiak J, Pajkowski M, Romanowska-Kocejko M, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka M, Hellmann M, Chmara M, Wasąg B, Parczewska A, Gilis-Malinowska N, Borowiec-Wolna J, Stróżyk A, Michalska-Grzonkowska A, Chlebus I, Kleinschmidt M, Wojtecka A, Zdrojewski T, Myśliwiec M, Hennig M, Medeiros AM, Alves AC, Almeida AF, Lopes A, Guerra A, Bilhoto C, Simões F, Silva F, Lobarinhas G, Gama G, Palma I, Salgado JM, Matos LD, Moura MD, Virtuoso MJ, Tavares M, Ferreira P, Pais P, Garcia P, Coelho R, Ribeiro R, Correia S, Sadykova D, Slastnikova E, Alammari D, Mawlawi HA, Alsahari A, Khudary AA, Alrowaily NL, Rajkovic N, Popovic L, Singh S, Rasulic I, Petakov A, Lalic NM, Peng FK, Vasanwala RF, Venkatesh SA, Raslova K, Fabryova L, Nociar J, Šaligova J, Potočňáková L, Kozárová M, Varga T, Kadurova M, Debreova M, Novodvorsky P, Gonova K, Klabnik A, Buganova I, Battelino T, Bizjan BJ, Debeljak M, Kovac J, Mlinaric M, Molk N, Sikonja J, Sustar U, Podkrajsek KT, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, Díaz-Díaz JL, de Andrés R, Fuentes-Jiménez F, Blom D, Miserez EB, Shipton JL, Ganokroj P, Futema M, Ramaswami U, Alieva RB, Fozilov KG, Khoshimov SU, Nizamov UI, Abdullaeva GJ, Kan LE, Abdullaev AA, Zakirova DV, Do DL, Nguyen MNT, Kim NT, Le TT, Le HA, Santos R, Ray KK. Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2024; 403:55-66. [PMID: 38101429 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. FINDINGS Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. INTERPRETATION Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life. FUNDING Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron.
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de Sousa ARS, Ottestad I, Gjevestad GO, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Christensen JJ. Associations between PBMC whole genome transcriptome, muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in healthy home-dwelling older women. GeroScience 2023; 45:3175-3186. [PMID: 37204640 PMCID: PMC10643614 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing age is accompanied by many changes, including declining functional skeletal muscle health and immune dysfunction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are circulating cells that assemble an immune response, but their whole genome transcriptome has not been studied in the context of age-related muscle health. Consequently, this article explored associations between three muscle variables indicative of functional muscle health - maximum handgrip strength (muscle strength), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI, muscle mass), and gait speed (physical performance) - and two groups of bioinformatics-generated PBMC gene expression features (gene expression-estimated leukocyte subset proportions and gene clusters). We analyzed cross-sectional data from 95 home-dwelling healthy women ≥ 70 years, using "cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts" (CIBERSORT) to estimate leukocyte subset proportions and "weighted correlation network analysis" (WGCNA) to generate gene clusters. Associations were studied using linear regression models and relevant gene clusters were subjected to gene set enrichment analysis using gene ontology. Gait speed and ASMI associated with CIBERSORT-estimated monocyte proportions (β = - 0.090, 95% CI = (- 0.146, - 0.034), p-value = 0.002 for gait speed, and β = - 0.206, 95% CI = (- 0.385, - 0.028), p-value = 0.024 for ASMI), and gait speed associated with CIBERSORT-estimated M2 macrophage proportions (β = - 0.026, 95% CI = (- 0.043, - 0.008), p-value = 0.004). Furthermore, maximum handgrip strength associated with nine WGCNA gene clusters, enriched in processes related to immune function and skeletal muscle cells (β in the range - 0.007 to 0.008, p-values < 0.05). These results illustrate interactions between skeletal muscle and the immune system, supporting the notion that age-related functional muscle health and the immune system are closely linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R S de Sousa
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- The Clinical Nutrition Outpatient Clinic, Section of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gyrd O Gjevestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- TINE SA, Innovation and Marketing, Postboks 113 Kalbakken, 0902, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsveien 2B, 0373, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsveien 2B, 0373, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Holven KB. Plasma cholesterol levels in infancy: a neglected resource. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4419-4421. [PMID: 37632413 PMCID: PMC10635667 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Schreuder MM, Hamkour S, Siegers KE, Holven KB, Johansen AK, van de Ree MA, Imholz B, Boersma E, Louters L, Bogsrud MP, Retterstøl K, Visseren FLJ, Roeters van Lennep JE, Koopal C. LDL cholesterol targets rarely achieved in familial hypercholesterolemia patients: A sex and gender-specific analysis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117117. [PMID: 37080805 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite lipid lowering therapy (LLT), reaching LDL-C targets in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains challenging. Our aim was to determine attainment of LDL-C target levels and reasons for not reaching these in female and male FH patients. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of heterozygous FH patients in five hospitals in the Netherlands and Norway. Clinical characteristics and information about LLT, lipid levels and reasons for not being on LDL-C treatment target were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS We studied 3178 FH patients (53.9% women), median age 48.0 (IQR 34.0-59.9) years. Median LDL-C before treatment and on-treatment was higher in women compared to men (6.2 (IQR 5.1-7.3) and 6.0 (IQR 4.9-7.2) mmol/l (p=0.005) and 3.0 (IQR 2.4-3.8) and 2.8 (IQR 2.3-3.5) mmol/L (p<0.001)), respectively. A minority of women (26.9%) and men (28.9%) reached LDL-C target. In patients with CVD, 17.2% of women and 25.8% of men reached LDL-C target. Women received less often high-intensity statins and ezetimibe. Most common reported reasons for not achieving the LDL-C target were insufficient effect of maximum LLT (women 17.3%, men 24.3%) and side effects (women 15.2%, men 8.6%). CONCLUSIONS In routine practice, only a minority of women and men with FH achieved their LDL-C treatment target. Extra efforts have to be made to provide FH patients with reliable information on the safety of statins and their long-term effects on CVD risk reduction. If statin treatment is insufficient, alternative lipid lowering therapies such as ezetimibe or PCSK9-inhibitors should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Schreuder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Hamkour
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K E Siegers
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; National Advisory Unit on FH, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - A K Johansen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; National Advisory Unit on FH, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - M A van de Ree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B Imholz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Louters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - F L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - C Koopal
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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9
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Abstract
Differences between men and women in lipids and lipoproteins are observed in distribution and trajectory from infancy to adulthood in the general population. However, these differences are more pronounced in hereditary lipid disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) when absolute cholesterol levels are higher from birth onwards. In the early life course, girls compared to boys have higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and total cholesterol, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are similar. In early adulthood to middle-age, women have lower LDL-C and higher HDL-C levels, as LDL-C levels increase and HDLC levels decrease in men. In the elderly, all lipids - total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglyceride levels decrease but are more pronounced in men. Lipid levels are also affected by specific transitions in girls/women such as the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, breastfeeding and menopause. Lipid levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. During pregnancy a physiological increase of LDL-C and even a larger increase in triglyceride levels are observed. Pregnancy has a double impact on LDL-C accumulation in women with FH as they have to stop statins, and the absolute increase in LDL-C is higher than in women without FH. In the menopausal transition, women develop a more adverse lipid profile. Therefore, it is important to take into account both sex and the life course when assessing a lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; National Advisory Unit on FH, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jeanine Roeters van Lennep
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Klevmoen M, Mulder JWCM, Roeters van Lennep JE, Holven KB. Sex Differences in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:861-868. [PMID: 37815650 PMCID: PMC10618303 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the existing research on sex differences in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) across the lifespan. RECENT FINDINGS From childhood onward, total- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in girls are higher than those in boys with FH. By the age of 30 years, women with FH have a higher LDL-C burden than men. In adulthood, women are diagnosed later than men, receive less lipid-lowering treatment, and consequently have higher LDL-C levels. An excessive atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk is reported in young female compared to male FH patients. The periods of pregnancy and breastfeeding contribute to treatment loss and increased cholesterol burden. Earlier initiation of treatment, especially in girls with FH, and lifelong treatment during all life stages are important. Future research should aim to recruit both women and men, report sex-specific data, and investigate the impact of the female life course on cardiovascular outcomes. Future guidelines should include sex-specific aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Klevmoen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janneke W C M Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Troensegaard H, Khoury J, Westerberg AC, Tonstad S, Roeters van Lennep J, Veierød MB, Iversen PO, Holven KB, Retterstøl K. Protocol for a 20-year follow-up after a randomized controlled trial of a Mediterranean diet in pregnancy: maternal and offspring risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1256815. [PMID: 37920793 PMCID: PMC10619653 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1256815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An inadequate maternal diet during pregnancy can impair offspring health and may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. The purpose of the proposed study is to assess the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in both mothers and their offspring 20 years following their participation in a Mediterranean diet intervention trial during pregnancy. Methods The "Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Diet In Pregnancy" (CARRDIP) study was a randomized controlled trial performed between 1999 and 2001. The participants were randomized to adhere to either a Mediterranean diet or their regular diet during pregnancy. An extensive amount of data such as diet information, ultrasound measurements, anthropometry, and biomarkers from these mothers during pregnancy and their offspring in the neonatal period were collected. The mother-offspring pairs (n = 269) from the CARRDIP study will be invited to participate in a clinical examination and blood sample collection. This follow-up study, conducted 20 years after the original CARRDIP study, will investigate cardiovascular risk factors in mothers and offspring. The primary outcome will be the blood pressure of the offspring. In addition, the study will explore various aspects of cardiovascular health, including metabolic and inflammatory status, clinical history, and body composition of the participants. Discussion Previous studies investigating the effects of nutrition during pregnancy on maternal and offspring health have been either observational studies, animal studies, or randomized controlled trials with a follow-up period of less than 5 years. This project aims to study the long-term effects of dietary intervention during pregnancy on maternal and offspring cardiovascular risk markers. Clinical Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT05030922).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannibal Troensegaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janette Khoury
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane C. Westerberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Serena Tonstad
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanine Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit B. Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Ole Iversen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Roeters van Lennep JE, Tokgözoğlu LS, Badimon L, Dumanski SM, Gulati M, Hess CN, Holven KB, Kavousi M, Kayıkçıoğlu M, Lutgens E, Michos ED, Prescott E, Stock JK, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Wermer MJH, Benn M. Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4157-4173. [PMID: 37611089 PMCID: PMC10576616 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men globally, with most due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite progress during the last 30 years, ASCVD mortality is now increasing, with the fastest relative increase in middle-aged women. Missed or delayed diagnosis and undertreatment do not fully explain this burden of disease. Sex-specific factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature menopause (especially primary ovarian insufficiency), and polycystic ovary syndrome are also relevant, with good evidence that these are associated with greater cardiovascular risk. This position statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society focuses on these factors, as well as sex-specific effects on lipids, including lipoprotein(a), over the life course in women which impact ASCVD risk. Women are also disproportionately impacted (in relative terms) by diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and auto-immune inflammatory disease. All these effects are compounded by sociocultural components related to gender. This panel stresses the need to identify and treat modifiable cardiovascular risk factors earlier in women, especially for those at risk due to sex-specific conditions, to reduce the unacceptably high burden of ASCVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu I Santa Pau, Ciber CV, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra M Dumanski
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Calgary, Canada
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Connie N Hess
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora and CPC Clinical Research Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meral Kayıkçıoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane K Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Mässans Gata 10, SE-412 51 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology at University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Benn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Øhman EA, Fossli M, Ottestad I, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Løland BF, Brekke HK. Dietary treatment postpartum in women with obesity reduces weight and prevents weight gain: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:695. [PMID: 37752466 PMCID: PMC10521473 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with pre-pregnancy obesity have an increased risk of retaining or gaining weight postpartum and may benefit from weight loss treatment. However, evidence is lacking for weight loss strategies in women with BMIs in the higher obesity classes. A dietary treatment for postpartum weight loss resulted in a 10% weight reduction in lactating women with a mean BMI of 30 kg/m2. We aimed to examine the effects of this dietary treatment on changes in weight, markers of lipid and glucose metabolism, waist and hip circumference and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in postpartum women with higher BMIs than tested previously. METHODS At baseline, approximately 8 weeks postpartum, 29 women with a mean (SD) BMI = 40.0 (5.2) kg/m2 were randomised to a 12-week dietary treatment (n 14) or to a control treatment (n 15). Measurements were made at baseline and after 3 and 12 months. Data was analysed using mixed model. RESULTS The mean weight change in the diet group was -2.3 (3.1) kg compared to 1.7 (3.1) kg in the control group after 3 months (P = 0.003) and -4.2 (5.6) kg compared to 4.8 (11.8) kg in the control group after 12 months (P = 0.02). The dietary treatment led to reduced waist circumference (P < 0.04) and PPWR (P < 0.01) compared to the control treatment at both time points. The treatment lowered fasting blood glucose at 12 months (P = 0.007) as the only effect on markers of lipid and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION The dietary treatment postpartum reduced weight and prevented weight retention or weight gain in women with obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03579667) 06/07/2018. In a randomised, controlled trial, 29 postpartum women with obesity were allocated to a dietary treatment or a control treatment. The dietary treatment reduced weight and prevented postpartum weight retention or weight gain after 12 months. Reference: Adapted from "Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Study Design (2 Arms, Graphical)", by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates .
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Øhman
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maria Fossli
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Research Centre for Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Adipol, Women's Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The Clinical Nutrition Outpatient Clinic, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate F Løland
- Unit for Breastfeeding, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde K Brekke
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Rundblad A, Sandoval V, Holven KB, Ordovás JM, Ulven SM. Omega-3 fatty acids and individual variability in plasma triglyceride response: A mini-review. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102730. [PMID: 37150150 PMCID: PMC10184047 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Supplementation with the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with lower CVD risk. However, results from randomized controlled trials that examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation on CVD risk are inconsistent. This risk-reducing effect may be mediated by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and serum triglyceride (TG) levels. However, not all individuals respond by reducing TG levels after omega-3 supplementation. This inter-individual variability in TG response to omega-3 supplementation is not fully understood. Hence, we aim to review the evidence for how interactions between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and genetic variants, epigenetic and gene expression profiling, gut microbiota and habitual intake of omega-3 fatty acids can explain why the TG response differs between individuals. This may contribute to understanding the current controversies and play a role in defining future personalized guidelines to prevent CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Gral. Lagos 1025, 5110693, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, USDA ARS, JM-USDA Human Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Rodríguez-Borjabad C, Narveud I, Christensen JJ, Ibarretxe D, Andreychuk N, Girona J, Torvik K, Folkedal G, Bogsrud MP, Retterstøl K, Plana N, Masana L, Holven KB. Association between Nordic and Mediterranean diets with lipoprotein phenotype assessed by 1HNMR in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2023; 373:38-45. [PMID: 37137225 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both Nordic and Mediterranean diets are considered healthy despite notable regional differences. Although these dietary patterns may lower cardiovascular risk, it is unclear if they improve the lipoprotein phenotype in children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The aim is to determine the impact of Nordic and Mediterranean diets on the advanced lipoprotein profile in children with heterozygous FH (HeFH). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study performed in children with FH recruited from the Lipid Clinics at Sant Joan University Hospital in Reus (Spain) and Oslo University Hospital (Norway). Two-hundred fifty-six children (mean age 10 y/o; 48% girls): 85 Spanish and 29 Norwegian FH children, and 142 non-FH healthy controls (119 from Spain and 23 from Norway) were included in the study. A pathogenic FH-associated genetic variant was present in 81% of Spanish children with FH and all Norwegian children with FH. An 1H NMR based advanced lipoprotein test (Nightingale®) providing information on the particle number, size and lipid composition of 14 lipoprotein subclasses was performed and correlated to the dietary components. RESULTS Levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides were not significantly different between the Nordic and Mediterranean FH groups. Spanish children with FH had more LDL particles, mainly of the large and medium LDL subclasses, than Norwegian FH children. Spanish FH children also had more HDL particles, mainly medium and small, than Norwegian FH children. The mean LDL size of Spanish FH children was larger, while the HDL size was smaller than that of the Norwegian FH children. The HDL particle number and size were the main determinants of differences between the two groups. In Norwegian children with FH, dietary total fat and MUFAs showed a significant correlation with all apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and LDL size, whereas there was no correlation to SFA. A weaker association pattern was observed in the Spanish children. CONCLUSIONS The lipoprotein profiles of Spanish and Norwegian children showed differences when studied by 1H NMR. These differences were in part associated with differences in dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cèlia Rodríguez-Borjabad
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Narveud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P. O Box 4950, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Jacob Juel Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Andreychuk
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristin Torvik
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Folkedal
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P. O Box 4950, Nydalen, Norway; Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P. O Box 4956, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P. O Box 4950, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Núria Plana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P. O Box 4950, Nydalen, Norway
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16
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Christensen JJ, Holven KB. Population-Based Cholesterol Screening as a Primordial Prevention Strategy-Breaking the Cycle of Adverse Lipid Levels That Runs in Families and Tracks Through Life. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e238082. [PMID: 37052924 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Macpherson ME, Skarpengland T, Hov JR, Ranheim T, Vestad B, Dahl TB, Fraz MSA, Michelsen AE, Holven KB, Fevang B, Berge RK, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Jørgensen SF. Increased Plasma Levels of Triglyceride-Enriched Lipoproteins Associate with Systemic Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, and Gut Dysbiosis in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01475-x. [PMID: 36995502 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triglycerides (TG) and their major transport lipoprotein in the circulation (VLDL) appear to be related to inflammation. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. We hypothesized that CVID patients have disturbed TG/VLDL profiles associated with these clinical characteristics. METHODS We measured plasma concentrations of TGs, inflammatory markers, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 95 CVID patients and 28 healthy controls. Additionally, in 40 CVID patients, we explored plasma lipoprotein profiling, fatty acid, gut microbial dysbiosis, and diet. RESULTS TG levels were increased in CVID patients as compared to healthy controls (1.36 ± 0.53 mmol/l versus 1.08 ± 0.56 [mean, SD], respectively, P = 0.008), particularly in the clinical subgroup "Complications," characterized by autoimmunity and organ-specific inflammation, compared to "Infection only" (1.41 mmol/l, 0.71[median, IQR] versus [1.02 mmol/l, 0.50], P = 0.021). Lipoprotein profile analyses showed increased levels of all sizes of VLDL particles in CVID patients compared to controls. TG levels correlated positively with CRP (rho = 0.256, P = 0.015), IL-6 (rho = 0.237, P = 0.021), IL-12 (rho = 0.265, P = 0.009), LPS (r = 0.654, P = 6.59 × 10-13), CVID-specific gut dysbiosis index (r = 0.315, P = 0.048), and inversely with a favorable fatty acid profile (docosahexaenoic acid [rho = - 0.369, P = 0.021] and linoleic acid [rho = - 0.375, P = 0.019]). TGs and VLDL lipids did not appear to be associated with diet and there were no differences in body mass index (BMI) between CVID patients and controls. CONCLUSION We found increased plasma levels of TGs and all sizes of VLDL particles, which were associated with systemic inflammation, LPS, and gut dysbiosis in CVID, but not diet or BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnhild E Macpherson
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Skarpengland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Vestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai S A Fraz
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje F Jørgensen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Rundblad A, Christensen JJ, Hustad KS, Bastani NE, Ottestad I, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Associations between dietary intake and glucose tolerance in clinical and metabolomics-based metabotypes. Genes Nutr 2023; 18:3. [PMID: 36899329 PMCID: PMC10007735 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabotyping is a novel concept to group metabolically similar individuals. Different metabotypes may respond differently to dietary interventions; hence, metabotyping may become an important future tool in precision nutrition strategies. However, it is not known if metabotyping based on comprehensive omic data provides more useful identification of metabotypes compared to metabotyping based on only a few clinically relevant metabolites. AIM This study aimed to investigate if associations between habitual dietary intake and glucose tolerance depend on metabotypes identified from standard clinical variables or comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from participants recruited through advertisements aimed at people at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 203). Glucose tolerance was assessed with a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and habitual dietary intake was recorded with a food frequency questionnaire. Lipoprotein subclasses and various metabolites were quantified with NMR spectroscopy, and plasma carotenoids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. We divided participants into favorable and unfavorable clinical metabotypes based on established cutoffs for HbA1c and fasting and 2-h OGTT glucose. Favorable and unfavorable NMR metabotypes were created using k-means clustering of NMR metabolites. RESULTS While the clinical metabotypes were separated by glycemic variables, the NMR metabotypes were mainly separated by variables related to lipoproteins. A high intake of vegetables was associated with a better glucose tolerance in the unfavorable, but not the favorable clinical metabotype (interaction, p = 0.01). This interaction was confirmed using plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, objective biomarkers of vegetable intake. Although non-significantly, the association between glucose tolerance and fiber intake depended on the clinical metabotypes, while the association between glucose tolerance and intake of saturated fatty acids and dietary fat sources depended on the NMR metabotypes. CONCLUSION Metabotyping may be a useful tool to tailor dietary interventions that will benefit specific groups of individuals. The variables that are used to create metabotypes will affect the association between dietary intake and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin S Hustad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Christensen JJ, Bogsrud MP, Holven KB, Retterstøl K, Veierød MB, Nordeng H. Use of statins and other lipid-modifying agents across pregnancy: A nationwide drug utilization study in Norway in 2005-2018. Atherosclerosis 2023; 368:25-34. [PMID: 36522216 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Statins are becoming more widely used among women of reproductive age; however, nationwide data on statin use across pregnancy is scarce. We therefore aimed to describe the drug utilization patterns for statins and other lipid-modifying agents (LMAs) before, during, and after pregnancy, for all pregnancies in Norway from 2005 to 2018. METHODS We linked individual-level data from four nationwide electronic health care registries in Norway and characterized the prescription fills of statins and other LMAs across pregnancy. We also examined trends in pregnancy-related LMA use, and characterized women using statins and other LMAs on parameters of health status and co-morbidity. RESULTS In total, 822,071 pregnancies for 503,723 women were included. The number of statin prescription fills decreased rapidly during the first trimester and returned to pre-pregnancy levels about one year postpartum. Pregnancy-related statin use increased from 2005 (approx. 0.11% of all pregnancies) to 2018 (approx. 0.29% of all pregnancies); however, in total, few statin prescriptions were filled within any trimester of pregnancy (n = 331, 0.04% of all pregnancies). Statin use was more common in women with higher age, higher weight, smoking, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus; also, statin users often had co-medication pertinent to these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although statins and other LMAs were increasingly being used around the time of pregnancy among women in Norway, drug use was mostly discontinued during the first trimester. Our results suggest that pregnancy-related statin use should be monitored, and that drug safety analyses for maternal and offspring health outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group and PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Johansen AK, Bogsrud MP, Christensen JJ, Rundblad A, Narverud I, Ulven S, Langslet G, Retterstøl K, Holven KB. Young women with familial hypercholesterolemia have higher LDL-cholesterol burden than men: Novel data using repeated measurements during 12-years follow-up. Atheroscler Plus 2023; 51:28-34. [PMID: 36911286 PMCID: PMC9995918 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims The concentration and the duration of exposure to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (LDL-C burden) is an important determinant of risk for cardiovascular disease and thresholds has recently been estimated. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. The overall aim of the present study was to describe differences in LDL-C level and LDL-C burden in females and males with FH visiting an outpatient lipid clinic from a young age, using multiple LDL-C measurements during a follow-up time of 12 years. First, we aimed to study if the LDL-C concentration and the LDL-C burden is different between females and males at ages 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and >30 years. Second, we aimed to estimate the subject-specific LDL-C burden at age 19 and 30 years, and the proportion of female and male patients that reach suggested LDL-C thresholds indicating high risk of ASCVD. Methods Data was retrospectively collected from medical records of 438 subjects (207 girls and 231 boys) with FH, referred to the Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital below the age of 19 years. The LDL-C burden was estimated based on repeated LDL-C measurements over time. Results Subjects were followed over a period of mean 12.0 (SD 7.0) years, with median 10 years (7-17; 25-75 percentiles, minimum 2), with median 6 (4-9; 25-75 percentiles, minimum 2) available LDL-C measurements, starting at mean age 11 (SD 3.9) years. There was a difference in both LDL-C and LDL-C burden between sexes at different ages. On average, males had lower LDL-C over time, although this difference was less pronounced with age and males also had lower estimated LDL-C burden over time, and this difference was further exacerbated with age. Conclusion Our study shows that young women with FH have a higher LDL-C burden than their male counterparts, potentially explaining the increased excess CVD risk seen among these. It underscores the importance of careful-follow up and early treatment initiation both prior to and after pregnancies in order to limit statin-free periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Johansen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Bjørnøy Urke E, Igland J, Mundal LJ, Holven KB, Retterstøl K, Svendsen K. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia have excess risk of eating disorders: a prospectively matched cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:e13-e15. [PMID: 36508605 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Bjørnøy Urke
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Fosswinckels gate 65007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv J Mundal
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker, Lipidklinikken Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on FH, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker, NKT for FH, Postboks 4950, Nydalen 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker, Lipidklinikken Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo universitetssykehus, Aker, Lipidklinikken Postboks 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 5313 Majorstuen, NO-0304 Oslo, Norway
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22
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Ueland T, Äikäs LAO, Dahl TB, Gregersen I, Olsen MB, Michelsen A, Schanke Y, Holopainen M, Ruhanen H, Singh S, Tveita AA, Finbråten AK, Heggelund L, Trøseid M, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Nyman TA, Holven KB, Öörni K, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B. Low-density lipoprotein particles carrying proinflammatory proteins with altered aggregation pattern detected in COVID-19 patients 3 months after hospitalization. J Infect 2023; 86:489-492. [PMID: 36822413 PMCID: PMC9941305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, Thrombosis Research, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lauri A O Äikäs
- Wihuri Research Institute, FIN-00140 Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Belland Olsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Michelsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ylva Schanke
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Minna Holopainen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ruhanen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sachin Singh
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Aune Tveita
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Wihuri Research Institute, FIN-00140 Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Van Parys A, Sæle J, Puaschitz NG, Anfinsen ÅM, Karlsson T, Olsen T, Haugsgjerd TR, Vinknes KJ, Holven KB, Dierkes J, Nygård OK, Lysne V. The association between dairy intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with stable angina pectoris. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:219-229. [PMID: 36134600 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The association of dairy products with cardiovascular disease and mortality risk remains heavily debated. We aimed to investigate the association between intake of total dairy and dairy products and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 1929 patients (80% men, mean age 62 years) with stable angina pectoris from the Western Norway B-vitamin Intervention Trial. Dietary data were obtained via a 169-item food frequency questionnaire. Risk associations were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for relevant covariates. Non-linear associations were explored visually. The mean (±SD) dairy intake in the study population was 169 ± 108 g/1000 kcal. Median follow-up times were 5.2, 7.8, and 14.1 years for stroke, AMI, and mortality, respectively. Higher intake of total dairy and milk were positively associated with stroke risk [HR (95% CI): 1.14 (1.02, 1.27) and 1.13 (1.02, 1.27), cardiovascular mortality 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) and 1.07 (1.01, 1.13)] and all-cause mortality [1.07 (1.03, 1.11) and 1.06 (1.03, 1.10)] per 50 g/1000 kcal. Higher cheese intake was inversely associated with AMI risk [0.92 (0.83, 1.02)] per 10 g/1000 kcal. Butter was associated with increased AMI risk [1.10 (0.97, 1.24)] and all-cause mortality [1.10 (1.00, 1.20) per 5 g/1000 kcal. CONCLUSION Higher dairy and milk consumption were associated with increased risk of mortality and stroke. Cheese was associated with decreased, and butter with increased, risk of AMI. Dairy is a heterogenous food group with divergent health effects and dairy products should therefore be investigated individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Van Parys
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jostein Sæle
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Nathalie G Puaschitz
- Centre of Care Research (West), Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL), Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Åslaug Matre Anfinsen
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5121 Bergen, Norway
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Vita Stråket SU, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Teresa R Haugsgjerd
- Centre for Research on Cardiac Disease in Women, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Laboratory Building, Haukelandsbakken, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5121 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5121 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Laboratory Building, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar K Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5121 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Haukelandsbakken 15, 5121 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukelandsveien 22, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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24
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Øyri LKL, Christensen JJ, Sebert S, Thoresen M, Michelsen TM, Ulven SM, Brekke HK, Retterstøl K, Brantsæter AL, Magnus P, Bogsrud MP, Holven KB. Maternal prenatal cholesterol levels predict offspring weight trajectories during childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Med 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36747215 PMCID: PMC9903496 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous intrauterine factors may affect the offspring's growth during childhood. We aimed to explore if maternal and paternal prenatal lipid, apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoA1 levels are associated with offspring weight, length, and body mass index from 6 weeks to eight years of age. This has previously been studied to a limited extent. METHODS This parental negative control study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We included 713 mothers and fathers with or without self-reported hypercholesterolemia and their offspring. Seven parental metabolites were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and offspring weight and length were measured at 12 time points. Data were analyzed by linear spline mixed models, and the results are presented as the interaction between parental metabolite levels and offspring spline (age). RESULTS Higher maternal total cholesterol (TC) level was associated with a larger increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.03 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.04). Paternal TC level was not associated with change in offspring body weight (0.17 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.25). Higher maternal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 8 years of age (0.001 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.005). Higher paternal HDL-C and apoA1 levels were associated with a lower increase in offspring body weight up to 5 years of age but a larger increase in offspring body weight from 5 to 8 years of age (0.01 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.03). Parental metabolites were not associated with change in offspring height or body mass index up to 8 years of age (0.07 ≤ Pinteraction ≤ 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Maternal compared to paternal TC, HDL-C, and apoA1 levels were more strongly and consistently associated with offspring body weight during childhood, supporting a direct intrauterine effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn K L Øyri
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1122, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond M Michelsen
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde K Brekke
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, PO Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, PO Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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25
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Skytte HN, Christensen JJ, Gunnes N, Holven KB, Lekva T, Henriksen T, Michelsen TM, Roland MCP. Metabolic profiling of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia: A longitudinal study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:334-343. [PMID: 36647289 PMCID: PMC9951333 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is associated with maternal metabolic disturbances, but longitudinal studies with comprehensive metabolic profiling are lacking. We aimed to determine metabolic profiles across gestation in women who developed preeclampsia compared with women with healthy pregnancies. We also explored the respective effects of body mass index (BMI) and preeclampsia on various metabolic measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS We measured 91 metabolites by high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at four time points (visits) during pregnancy (weeks 14-16, 22-24, 30-32 and 36-38). Samples were taken from a Norwegian pregnancy cohort. We fitted a linear regression model for each metabolic measure to compare women who developed preeclampsia (n = 38) and healthy controls (n = 70). RESULTS Among women who developed preeclampsia, 92% gave birth after 34 weeks of gestation. Compared to women with healthy pregnancies, women who developed preeclampsia had higher levels of several lipid-related metabolites at visit 1, whereas fewer differences were observed at visit 2. At visit 3, the pattern from visit 1 reappeared. At visit 4 the differences were larger in most subgroups of very-low-density lipoprotein particles, the smallest high-density lipoprotein, total lipids and triglycerides. Total fatty acids were also increased, of which monounsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids showed more pronounced differences. Concentration of glycine tended to be lower in pregnancies with preeclampsia until visit 3, although this was not significant after correction for multiple testing. After adjustment for age, BMI, parity and gestational weight gain, all significant differences were attenuated at visits 1 and 2. The estimates were less affected by adjustment at visits 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS In early pregnancy, the metabolic differences between preeclamptic and healthy pregnancies were primarily driven by maternal BMI, probably representing the women's pre-pregnancy metabolic status. In early third trimester, several weeks before clinical manifestation, the differences were less influenced by BMI, indicating preeclampsia-specific changes. Near term, women with preeclampsia developed an atherogenic metabolic profile, including elevated total lipids, very-low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege N. Skytte
- Norwegian Research Center for Women's HealthOslo University HospitalOsloNorway,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Nina Gunnes
- Norwegian Research Center for Women's HealthOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of NutritionUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial HypercholesterolemiaOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Tore Henriksen
- Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Trond M. Michelsen
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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Berk KA, Borgeraas H, Narverud I, Mulder MT, Øyri LKL, Verhoeven AJM, Småstuen MC, Bogsrud MP, Omland T, Hertel JK, Gjevestad E, Nordstrand N, Holven KB, Hjelmesæth J. Differential effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) and fatty acids. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:145. [PMID: 36577984 PMCID: PMC9795629 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence suggests that surgical and non-surgical obesity treatment differentially influence plasma Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels. Further, a novel association between plasma arachidonic acid and Lp(a) has recently been shown, suggesting that fatty acids are a possible target to influence Lp(a). Here, the effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) were compared, and it was examined whether the effects were mediated by changes in plasma fatty acid (FA) levels. METHODS The study includes two independent trials of patients with overweight or obesity. Trial 1: Two-armed intervention study including 82 patients who underwent a 7-week low energy diet (LED), followed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 52-week follow-up (surgery-group), and 77 patients who underwent a 59-week energy restricted diet- and exercise-program (lifestyle-group). Trial 2: A clinical study including 134 patients who underwent a 20-week very-LED/LED (lifestyle-cohort). RESULTS In the surgery-group, Lp(a) levels [median (interquartile range)] tended to increase in the pre-surgical LED-phase [17(7-68)-21(7-81)nmol/L, P = 0.05], but decreased by 48% after surgery [21(7-81)-11(7-56)nmol/L, P < 0.001]. In the lifestyle-group and lifestyle-cohort, Lp(a) increased by 36%[14(7-77)-19(7-94)nmol/L, P < 0.001] and 14%[50(14-160)-57(19-208)nmol/L, P < 0.001], respectively. Changes in Lp(a) were independent of weight loss. Plasma levels of total saturated FAs remained unchanged after surgery, but decreased after lifestyle interventions. Arachidonic acid and total n-3 FAs decreased after surgery, but increased after lifestyle interventions. Plasma FAs did not mediate the effects on Lp(a). CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery reduced, whereas lifestyle interventions increased plasma Lp(a), independent of weight loss. The interventions differentially influenced changes in plasma FAs, but these changes did not mediate changes in Lp(a). TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial 1: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00626964. Trial 2: Netherlands Trial Register NL2140 (NTR2264).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A. Berk
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Dietetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Borgeraas
- grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Morbid Obesity Center, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monique T. Mulder
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linn K. L. Øyri
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrie J. M. Verhoeven
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milada Cvancarova Småstuen
- grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Morbid Obesity Center, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway ,grid.412414.60000 0000 9151 4445Department of Nutrition and Management, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P. Bogsrud
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921K.G. Jebsen Center of Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Kristoffer Hertel
- grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Morbid Obesity Center, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Espen Gjevestad
- grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Morbid Obesity Center, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway ,grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Stavern, Norway ,grid.446099.60000 0004 0448 0013Norwegian Police University College, Stavern, Norway
| | - Njord Nordstrand
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XDepartment of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jøran Hjelmesæth
- grid.417292.b0000 0004 0627 3659Morbid Obesity Center, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Langslet G, Holven KB, Bogsrud MP. Treatment goals in familial hypercholesterolaemia-time to consider low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol burden. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2278-2280. [PMID: 34935933 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisle Langslet
- Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Aker Sykehus, P.O. Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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28
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Hovland A, Mundal LJ, Veierød MB, Holven KB, Bogsrud MP, Tell GS, Leren TP, Retterstøl K. The risk of various types of cardiovascular diseases in mutation positive familial hypercholesterolemia; a review. Front Genet 2022; 13:1072108. [PMID: 36561318 PMCID: PMC9763610 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1072108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common, inherited disease characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) from birth. Any diseases associated with increased LDL-C levels including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) would be expected to be overrepresented among FH patients. There are several clinical scoring systems aiming to diagnose FH, however; most individuals who meet the clinical criteria for a FH diagnosis do not have a mutation causing FH. In this review, we aim to summarize the literature on the risk for the various forms of ASCVD in subjects with a proven FH-mutation (FH+). We searched for studies on FH+ and cardiovascular diseases and also included our and other groups published papers on FH + on a wide range of cardiovascular and other diseases of the heart and vessels. FH + patients are at a markedly increased risk of a broad range of ASCVD. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common in absolute numbers, but also aortic valve stenosis is by far associated with the highest excess risk. Per thousand patients, we observed 3.6 incident AMI per year compared to 1.9 incident aortic valve stenosis, however, standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for incident AMI was 2.3 compared to 7.9 for incident aortic valve stenosis. Further, occurrence of ischemic stroke seems not to be associated with increased risk in FH+. Clinicians should be aware of the excess risk of almost all kind of ASCVD in FH+, and the neutral risk of stroke need to be studied further in FH + patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liv J. Mundal
- The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B. Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Prøven Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe S. Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Division of Mental, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trond P. Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Kjetil Retterstøl,
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29
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Canet F, Christensen JJ, Victor VM, Hustad KS, Ottestad I, Rundblad A, Sæther T, Dalen KT, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Telle-Hansen VH. Glycated Proteins, Glycine, Acetate, and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids May Act as New Biomarkers to Predict the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235165. [PMID: 36501195 PMCID: PMC9738624 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein or food-derived peptides may regulate blood glucose levels; however, studies have shown inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to characterize subgroups of individuals with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of fish protein in the same subgroups. We first divided participants into high insuliniAUC and low insuliniAUC subjects based on their insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC) levels after a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and secondly based on whether they had received 5.2 g salmon fish protein or placebo for 8 weeks, in a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT). We then profiled these groups by analyzing plasma metabolomics and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression. Compared to the low insuliniAUC group, the high insuliniAUC group had higher plasma concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and glycated proteins (GlycA) and lower concentrations of glycine and acetate. After intervention with fish protein compared to placebo, however, only acetate was significantly increased in the low insuliniAUC group. In conclusion, we identified metabolic biomarkers known to be associated with T2D; also, intervention with fish protein did not affect cardiometabolic risk markers in subgroups with increased risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 40617 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jacob J. Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 40617 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristin S. Hustad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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30
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Adank MC, Johansen AK, Benschop L, Van Streun SP, Smak Gregoor AM, Øyri LKL, Mulder MT, Steegers EAP, Holven KB, Roeters van Lennep JE. Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy as a predictor of childhood lipid levels: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:588. [PMID: 35870883 PMCID: PMC9308255 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy are associated with maternal health and foetal growth. It is however unclear if maternal lipids in early pregnancy can be used to predict childhood lipid levels. The aim of this study is to assess the association between maternal and offspring childhood lipid levels, and to investigate the influence of maternal BMI and diet on these associations. Methods This study included 2692 women participating in the Generation R study, an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study from early life onwards. Women with an expected delivery date between 2002 and 2006 living in Rotterdam, the Netherlands were included. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were measured in early pregnancy (median 13.2 weeks [90% range 10.6; 17.1]). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), remnant cholesterol and non-HDL-c were calculated. Corresponding lipid measurements were determined in 2692 children at the age of 6 (median 6.0 years [90% range 5.7; 7.5]) and 1673 children 10 years (median 9.7 years [90% range 9.5; 10.3]). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy and the corresponding childhood lipid measurements at the ages of 6 and 10 years while adjusting for confounders. Results Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy are positively associated with corresponding childhood lipid levels 6 and 10 years after pregnancy, independent of maternal body mass index and diet. Conclusions Maternal lipid levels in early pregnancy may provide an insight to the lipid profile of children years later. Gestational lipid levels may therefore be used as an early predictor of children’s long-term health. Monitoring of these gestational lipid levels may give a window-of-opportunity to start early interventions to decrease offspring’s lipid levels and possibly diminish their cardiovascular risk later in life. Future studies are warranted to investigate the genetic contribution on maternal lipid levels in pregnancy and lipid levels of their offspring years later. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04905-7.
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Vuorio A, Ramaswami U, Holven KB. Editorial: Genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia: New insight—Volume II. Front Genet 2022; 13:1041342. [DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1041342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Bastani N, Rud I, Byfuglien MG, Gjøvaag T, Retterstøl K, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Myhrstad MCW. Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels-a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:92. [PMID: 36163070 PMCID: PMC9511723 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids. Methods Seventeen participants completed a randomized, controlled dietary crossover study. The participants received products with SFAs (control) or PUFAs in random order for three days. Fecal samples for gut microbiota analyses and fasting blood samples (lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) were measured before and after the three-day intervention. Results Of a panel of 40 bacteria, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. were significantly increased after intervention with PUFAs compared with SFAs. Interestingly, changes in Lachnospiraceae, as well as Phascolarlactobacterium sp. and Eubacterium hallii, was also found to be negatively correlated with changes in total cholesterol levels after replacing the intake of SFAs with PUFAs for three days. No significant differences in SCFAs or bile acids were found after the intervention. Conclusion Replacing SFAs with PUFAs increased the abundance of the gut microbiota family of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, the reduction in total cholesterol after improving dietary fat quality correlated with changes in the gut microbiota family Lachnospiraceae. Future studies are needed to reveal whether Lachnospiraceae may be targeted to reduce total cholesterol levels. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinical Trials (https://clinicaltrials.gov/, registration identification number: NCT03658681).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line Gaundal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima -Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Terje Gjøvaag
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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Brunvoll SH, Nygaard AB, Ellingjord-Dale M, Holland P, Istre MS, Kalleberg KT, Søraas CL, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Hjartåker A, Haider T, Lund-Johansen F, Dahl JA, Meyer HE, Søraas A. Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2022; 378:e071245. [PMID: 36215222 PMCID: PMC9449357 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if daily supplementation with cod liver oil, a low dose vitamin D supplement, in winter, prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections in adults in Norway. DESIGN Quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING Norway, 10 November 2020 to 2 June 2021. PARTICIPANTS 34 601 adults (aged 18-75 years), not taking daily vitamin D supplements. INTERVENTION 5 mL/day of cod liver oil (10 µg of vitamin D, n=17 278) or placebo (n=17 323) for up to six months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Four co-primary endpoints were predefined: the first was a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result determined by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the second was serious covid-19, defined as self-reported dyspnoea, admission to hospital, or death. Other acute respiratory infections were indicated by the third and fourth co-primary endpoints: a negative SARS-CoV-2 test result and self-reported symptoms. Side effects related to the supplementation were self-reported. The fallback method was used to handle multiple comparisons. RESULTS Supplementation with cod liver oil was not associated with a reduced risk of any of the co-primary endpoints. Participants took the supplement (cod liver oil or placebo) for a median of 164 days, and 227 (1.31%) participants in the cod liver oil group and 228 (1.32%) participants in the placebo group had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result (relative risk 1.00, multiple comparison adjusted confidence interval 0.82 to 1.22). Serious covid-19 was identified in 121 (0.70%) participants in the cod liver oil group and in 101 (0.58%) participants in the placebo group (1.20, 0.87 to 1.65). 8546 (49.46%) and 8565 (49.44%) participants in the cod liver oil and placebo groups, respectively, had ≥1 negative SARS-CoV-2 test results (1.00, 0.97 to 1.04). 3964 (22.94%) and 3834 (22.13%) participants in the cod liver oil and placebo groups, respectively, reported ≥1 acute respiratory infections (1.04, 0.97 to 1.11). Only low grade side effects were reported in the cod liver oil and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Supplementation with cod liver oil in the winter did not reduce the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections compared with placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04609423.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Petter Holland
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | | | - Camilla L Søraas
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolaemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Haider
- Health Economics-Medical Statistics Trond Haider, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Søraas
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Svendsen K, Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Mundal LJ, Holven KB, Bogsrud MP, Leren TP, Igland J, Retterstøl K. Risk of stroke in genetically verified familial hypercholesterolemia: A prospective matched cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 358:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Melnes T, Bogsrud MP, Thorsen I, Fossum J, Christensen JJ, Narverud I, Retterstøl K, Ulven SM, Holven KB. What characterizes event-free elderly FH patients? A comprehensive lipoprotein profiling. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1651-1660. [PMID: 35527125 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by lifelong elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Cholesterol-lowering therapy (statins) reduces CHD risk, but have been available only in the last 25 years, thus, elderly FH patients have been exposed to elevated LDL-C levels most of their life. Surprisingly, some of these have never experienced any CHD event, raising the question whether they present CHD resistant characteristics. Identifying possible cardioprotective biomarkers could contribute to future CHD preventive treatment, therefore, we aimed to identify metabolic markers in event-free elderly FH subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy platform to quantify a large number of metabolites in serum samples from 83 FH patients ≥65 years, and analyze differences between subjects with (n = 39) and without (n = 44) CHD. Mean age was 70 years in both groups (57% and 38% female in the event-free group and CHD group, respectively). The event-free group had significantly higher levels of large and extra-large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and higher concentration of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and cholesterol in HDL and HDL2 particles, compared to the CHD group (p ≤ 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION CHD resistant elderly FH patients have higher levels of large HDL particles. The mechanisms behind the event-free survival among these patients remain unclear; hence, a deeper understanding of the metabolic profile in event-free elderly FH subjects may lead to development of novel preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Melnes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Thorsen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie Fossum
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Oslo, Norway.
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Gaundal L, Myhrstad MCW, Rud I, Gjøvaag T, Byfuglien MG, Retterstøl K, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Telle-Hansen VH. Gut microbiota is associated with dietary intake and metabolic markers in healthy individuals. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8580. [PMID: 35844956 PMCID: PMC9250133 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic diseases have been related to gut microbiota, and new knowledge indicates that diet impacts host metabolism through the gut microbiota. Identifying specific gut bacteria associated with both diet and metabolic risk markers may be a potential strategy for future dietary disease prevention. However, studies investigating the association between the gut microbiota, diet, and metabolic markers in healthy individuals are scarce. Objective We explored the relationship between a panel of gut bacteria, dietary intake, and metabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults. Design Forty-nine volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study. Measures of glucose, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI) were collected after an overnight fast, in addition to fecal samples for gut microbiota analyzes using a targeted approach with a panel of 48 bacterial DNA probes and assessment of dietary intake by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Correlations between gut bacteria, dietary intake, and metabolic and anthropometric markers were assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Gut bacteria varying according to dietary intake and metabolic markers were assessed by a linear regression model and adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Results Of the 48 gut bacteria measured, 24 and 16 bacteria correlated significantly with dietary intake and metabolic and/or anthropometric markers, respectively. Gut bacteria including Alistipes, Lactobacillus spp., and Bacteroides stercoris differed according to the intake of the food components, fiber, sodium, saturated fatty acids, and dietary indices, and metabolic markers (BP and total cholesterol) after adjustments. Notably, Bacteroides stercoris correlated positively with the intake of fiber, grain products, and vegetables, and higher Bacteroides stercoris abundance was associated with higher adherence to Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) and lower diastolic BP after adjustment. Conclusion Our findings highlight the relationship between the gut microbiota, diet, and metabolic markers in healthy individuals. Further investigations are needed to address whether these findings are causally linked and whether targeting these gut bacteria can prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Terje Gjøvaag
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Post box 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Høgvard B, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Byfuglien MG, Måge I, Knutsen SH, Ballance S, Rieder A, Rud I, Myhrstad MCW. A Three-Day Intervention With Granola Containing Cereal Beta-Glucan Improves Glycemic Response and Changes the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:796362. [PMID: 35578615 PMCID: PMC9106798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of soluble fibers including beta-glucan, is known to improve post-prandial glycemic response. The mechanisms have been attributed to the viscous gel forming in the stomach and small intestine, giving a longer absorption time. However, recent evidence suggests a link between intake of beta-glucan and improved glycemic regulation at subsequent meals through the gut microbiota. We investigated the short-term effect of granola with different amounts of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic response and gut microbiota. After a two-week run-in period (baseline), fourteen healthy, normal weight adults completed a dose-response dietary crossover study. Different amounts of cereal beta-glucan (low: 0.8 g, medium: 3.2 g and high: 6.6 g) were provided in granola and eaten with 200 ml low-fat milk as an evening meal for three consecutive days. Blood glucose and insulin were measured fasted and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the following day, in addition to peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), fasting short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, breath H2, and gut microbiota in feces. Only the intervention with medium amounts of beta-glucan decreased blood glucose and insulin during OGTT compared to baseline. Fasting PYY increased with both medium and high beta-glucan meal compared to the low beta-glucan meal. The microbiota and SCFAs changed after all three interventions compared to baseline, where acetate and butyrate increased, while propionate was unchanged. Highest positive effect size after intake of beta-glucan was found with Haemophilus, followed by Veillonella and Sutterella. Furthermore, we found several correlations between different bacterial taxa and markers of glycemic response. In summary, intake of granola containing 3.2 g cereal beta-glucan as an evening meal for three consecutive days reduced the glycemic response after an OGTT 0-180 min and changed gut microbiota composition. Since we cannot rule out that other fiber types have contributed to the effect, more studies are needed to further explore the effect of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic regulation. Clinical Trial Registration [www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03293693].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Høgvard
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Måge
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Halvor Knutsen
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Rieder
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Hjorth M, Galigniana NM, Ween O, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Dalen KT, Sæther T. Postprandial Effects of Salmon Fishmeal and Whey on Metabolic Markers in Serum and Gene Expression in Liver Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:1593. [PMID: 35458155 PMCID: PMC9027870 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is considered an important part of a healthy diet, in part due to the content of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. However, both lean and fatty fish have beneficial health effects, suggesting that micronutrients and proteins may play a role. In a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial, five healthy male participants consumed 5.2 g of protein from either salmon fishmeal or whey. Blood samples were taken before and 30 and 60 min after intake. The concentration of glucose, lipids, hormones and metabolites, including 28 different amino acids and derivatives, were measured in serum or plasma. Cultured HepG2 cells were incubated with or without serum from the participants, and transcriptomic profiling was performed using RNA sequencing. The ingestion of both salmon fishmeal and whey reduced the glucose and triglyceride levels in serum. Protein intake, independent of the source, increased the concentration of 22 amino acids and derivatives in serum. Fishmeal increased the concentration of arginine, methionine, serine, glycine, cystathionine and 2-aminobutyric acid more than whey did. Incubation with postprandial serum resulted in large transcriptomic alterations in serum-fasted HepG2 cells, with the differential expression of >4500 protein coding genes. However, when comparing cells cultivated in fasting serum to postprandial serum after the ingestion of fishmeal and whey, we did not detect any differentially regulated genes, neither with respect to the protein source nor with respect to the time after the meal. The comparable nutrigenomic effects of fishmeal and whey do not change the relevance of fish by-products as an alternative food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Natalia M. Galigniana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ola Ween
- Møreforskning AS, Borgundvegen 340, 6009 Ålesund, Norway;
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (M.H.); (S.M.U.); (K.B.H.); (K.T.D.)
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Domus Medica, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
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Hustad KS, Ottestad I, Olsen T, Sæther T, Ulven SM, Holven KB. Salmon fish protein supplement increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3085-3093. [PMID: 35362766 PMCID: PMC9363293 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The main aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a fish protein supplement made from by-products from production of Atlantic salmon, on blood concentration of micronutrients. Methods We conducted an 8-week double-blind parallel-group randomised controlled trial. In total, 88 adults were randomised to a salmon fish protein supplement or placebo, and 74 participants were included in the analysis of vitamin D, omega-3, vitamin B12, selenium, folate, zinc, homocysteine and mercury. Results During the intervention period, geometric mean (GSD) of serum vitamin B12 concentrations increased from 304 (1.40) to 359 (1.42) pmol/L in the fish protein group (P vs. controls = 0.004) and mean (SD) serum selenium increased from 1.18 (0.22) to 1.30 (0.20) μmol/L (P vs. controls = 0.002). The prevalence of low vitamin B12 status (B12 < 148–221 > pmol/L) decreased from 15.4 to 2.6% in the fish protein group, while increasing from 5.9 to 17.6% in the placebo group (P = 0.045). There was no difference between the groups in serum levels of the other micronutrients measured. Conclusion Including a salmon fish protein supplement in the daily diet for 8 weeks, increases serum vitamin B12 and selenium concentrations. From a sustainability perspective, by-products with high contents of micronutrients and low contents of contaminants, could be a valuable dietary supplement or food ingredient in populations with suboptimal intake. Trail Registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03764423) on June 29th 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin S Hustad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Clinical Nutrition Outpatient Clinic, Section of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Hypercholesterolemia, which is a cardiovascular risk factor, may also be associated with dementia risk. The benefit of statin treatment on dementia risk is controversial. OBJECTIVE To determine whether individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), who have been exposed to lifelong hypercholesterolemia, have an excess risk of dementia and whether statin use is associated with dementia risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a prospective cohort study performed from 2008 to 2018 in Norway. Statistical analysis was performed from January 2021 to February 2022. This study included individuals with genetically verified FH and age-matched and sex-matched controls obtained from the general Norwegian population. EXPOSURES Dementia was defined according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes F00-03 and G30. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident cases of total dementia, vascular dementia, Alzheimer disease-dementia in Alzheimer disease, and data on lipid-lowering medication were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry, Cause of Death Registry, and the Norwegian Prescription Database. Hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of dementia for individuals with FH vs matched controls were calculated using Cox regression. The cumulative sum of defined daily doses (DDDs) of statins prescribed during study follow-up was calculated for individuals with FH and was analyzed as a time-varying covariate with 3 levels: 1 to 4999 DDDs, 5000 to 10 000 DDDs, and more than 10 000 DDDs. RESULTS Among the 3520 individuals with FH (1863 women [52.9%]; mean [SD] age at the start of follow-up, 51.8 [11.5] years) and the 69 713 controls (36 958 women [53.0%]; mean [SD] age at the start of follow-up, 51.7 [11.5] years), 62 patients with FH (39 women [62.9%]) and 1294 controls (801 women [61.9%]) had developed dementia over the course of 10 years of follow-up. Most dementia cases occurred among individuals aged 70 years and older (39 patients with FH [62.9%] and 870 patients [67.2%] in the control group). We found no excess risk of dementia in patients with FH vs matched controls (HR for total dementia, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7-1.2). There was no association between cumulative DDDs of statins and total dementia in patients with FH with HRs of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.4-3.8) for cumulative DDDs of 5000 to 10 000 and 1.9 (95% CI, 0.7-5.0) for cumulative DDDs greater than 10 000. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that individuals with FH have no excess risk of dementia compared with age-matched and sex-matched controls and that there is no association between use of statins and risk of dementia in patients with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv J. Mundal
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Institute of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P. Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Ronkainen J, Nedelec R, Atehortua A, Balkhiyarova Z, Cascarano A, Ngoc Dang V, Elhakeem A, van Enckevort E, Goncalves Soares A, Haakma S, Halonen M, Heil KF, Heiskala A, Hyde E, Jacquemin B, Keikkala E, Kerckhoffs J, Klåvus A, Kopinska JA, Lepeule J, Marazzi F, Motoc I, Näätänen M, Ribbenstedt A, Rundblad A, Savolainen O, Simonetti V, de Toro Eadie N, Tzala E, Ulrich A, Wright T, Zarei I, d’Amico E, Belotti F, Brunius C, Castleton C, Charles MA, Gaillard R, Hanhineva K, Hoek G, Holven KB, Jaddoe VWV, Kaakinen MA, Kajantie E, Kavousi M, Lakka T, Matthews J, Piano Mortari A, Vääräsmäki M, Voortman T, Webster C, Zins M, Atella V, Bulgheroni M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Conti G, Evans J, Felix JF, Heude B, Järvelin MR, Kolehmainen M, Landberg R, Lekadir K, Parusso S, Prokopenko I, de Rooij SR, Roseboom T, Swertz M, Timpson N, Ulven SM, Vermeulen R, Juola T, Sebert S. LongITools: Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e184. [PMID: 35169663 PMCID: PMC8835657 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current epidemics of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases have emerged alongside dramatic modifications in lifestyle and living environments. These correspond to changes in our "modern" postwar societies globally characterized by rural-to-urban migration, modernization of agricultural practices, and transportation, climate change, and aging. Evidence suggests that these changes are related to each other, although the social and biological mechanisms as well as their interactions have yet to be uncovered. LongITools, as one of the 9 projects included in the European Human Exposome Network, will tackle this environmental health equation linking multidimensional environmental exposures to the occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justiina Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rozenn Nedelec
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Angelica Atehortua
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Bashkir State Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Cascarano
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vien Ngoc Dang
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ahmed Elhakeem
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Esther van Enckevort
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Goncalves Soares
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sido Haakma
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miia Halonen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katharina F. Heil
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anni Heiskala
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eleanor Hyde
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- University of Rennes, INSERM, School of Advanced Studies in Public Health (EHESP), Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Elina Keikkala
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Population Health Unit, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jules Kerckhoffs
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joanna A. Kopinska
- Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CNRS, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Francesca Marazzi
- CEIS Tor Vergata, Centre for Economic and International Studies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Irina Motoc
- Amsterdam UMC, Epidemiology and Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mari Näätänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Ribbenstedt
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Nina de Toro Eadie
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelia Tzala
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wright
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iman Zarei
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Federico Belotti
- CEIS Tor Vergata, Centre for Economic and International Studies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carl Brunius
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, INSERM, INRAE, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Ined, INSERM, EFS, Elfe Joint Unit, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marika A. Kaakinen
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Population Health Unit, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Piano Mortari
- CEIS Tor Vergata, Centre for Economic and International Studies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marja Vääräsmäki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Population Health Unit, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marie Zins
- Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit, INSERM UMS 11, Villejuif, France
| | - Vincenzo Atella
- CEIS Tor Vergata, Centre for Economic and International Studies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Conti
- Department of Economics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Social Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Evans
- Beta Technology Ltd, Doncaster, United Kingdom
| | - Janine F. Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Heude
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, INSERM, INRAE, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karim Lekadir
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab (BCN-AIM), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Inga Prokopenko
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Susanne R. de Rooij
- Amsterdam UMC, Epidemiology and Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Roseboom
- Amsterdam UMC, Epidemiology and Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Morris Swertz
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Coordination Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Timpson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Teija Juola
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Corresponding Author. Address: Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014, Finland. E-mail: (S. Sebert)
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Pigsborg K, Gürdeniz G, Rangel-Huerta OD, Holven KB, Dragsted LO, Ulven SM. Effects of changing from a diet with saturated fat to a diet with n-6 polyunsaturated fat on the serum metabolome in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2079-2089. [PMID: 34999928 PMCID: PMC9106625 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the changes in the serum metabolome after this replacement is not well known. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the metabolites differentiating diets where six energy percentage SFA is replaced with PUFA and to elucidate the association of dietary metabolites with cardiometabolic risk markers. Methods In an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, 99 moderately hyper-cholesterolemic adults (25–70 years) were assigned to a control diet (C-diet) or an experimental diet (Ex-diet). Both groups received commercially available food items with different fatty acid compositions. In the Ex-diet group, products were given where SFA was replaced mostly with n-6 PUFA. Fasting serum samples were analysed by untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Pre-processed data were analysed by double cross-validated Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to detect features differentiating the two diet groups. Results PLS-DA differentiated the metabolic profiles of the Ex-diet and the C-diet groups with an area under the curve of 0.83. The Ex-diet group showed higher levels of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens, an unsaturated acylcarnitine, and a secondary bile acid. The C-diet group was characterized by odd-numbered phospholipids and a saturated acylcarnitine. The Principal Component analysis scores of the serum metabolic profiles characterizing the diets were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels but not with glycaemia. Conclusion The serum metabolic profiles confirmed the compliance of the participants based on their diet-specific metabolome after replacing SFA with mostly n-6 PUFA. The participants' metabolic profiles in response to the change in diet were associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 01679496 on September 6th 2012. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02796-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pigsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Gözde Gürdeniz
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Nydalen, PO Box 4959, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Stevens CA, Lyons AR, Dharmayat KI, Freiberger T, Hovingh GK, Mata P, Raal FJ, Santos RD, Soran H, Watts GF, Abifadel M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Alhabib KF, Alkhnifsawi M, Almahmeed W, Alnouri F, Alonso R, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Sarraf A, Al-Sayed N, Araujo F, Ashavaid TF, Banach M, Béliard S, Benn M, Binder CJ, Bogsrud MP, Bourbon M, Chlebus K, Corral P, Davletov K, Descamps OS, Durst R, Ezhov M, Gaita D, Genest J, Groselj U, Harada-Shiba M, Holven KB, Kayikcioglu M, Khovidhunkit W, Lalic K, Latkovskis G, Laufs U, Liberopoulos E, Lima-Martinez MM, Lin J, Maher V, Marais AD, März W, Mirrakhimov E, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Nawawi H, Nordestgaard BG, Panayiotou AG, Paragh G, Petrulioniene Z, Pojskic B, Postadzhiyan A, Raslova K, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Sadiq F, Sadoh WE, Schunkert H, Shek AB, Stoll M, Stroes E, Su TC, Subramaniam T, Susekov AV, Tilney M, Tomlinson B, Truong TH, Tselepis AD, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Vázquez Cárdenas A, Viigimaa M, Wang L, Yamashita S, Kastelein JJ, Bruckert E, Vohnout B, Schreier L, Pang J, Ebenbichler C, Dieplinger H, Innerhofer R, Winhofer-Stöckl Y, Greber-Platzer S, Krychtiuk K, Speidl W, Toplak H, Widhalm K, Stulnig T, Huber K, Höllerl F, Rega-Kaun G, Kleemann L, Mäser M, Scholl-Bürgi S, Säly C, Mayer FJ, Sablon G, Tarantino E, Nzeyimana C, Pojskic L, Sisic I, Nalbantic AD, Jannes CE, Pereira AC, Krieger JE, Petrov I, Goudev A, Nikolov F, Tisheva S, Yotov Y, Tzvetkov I, Baass A, Bergeron J, Bernard S, Brisson D, Brunham LR, Cermakova L, Couture P, Francis GA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Khoury E, Mancini GJ, McCrindle BW, Paquette M, Ruel I, Cuevas A, Asenjo S, Wang X, Meng K, Song X, Yong Q, Jiang T, Liu Z, Duan Y, Hong J, Ye P, Chen Y, Qi J, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Peng J, Yang Y, Yu W, Wang Q, Yuan H, Cheng S, Jiang L, Chong M, Jiao J, Wu Y, Wen W, Xu L, Zhang R, Qu Y, He J, Fan X, Wang Z, Chow E, Pećin I, Perica D, Symeonides P, Vrablik M, Ceska R, Soska V, Tichy L, Adamkova V, Franekova J, Cifkova R, Kraml P, Vonaskova K, Cepova J, Dusejovska M, Pavlickova L, Blaha V, Rosolova H, Nussbaumerova B, Cibulka R, Vaverkova H, Cibickova L, Krejsova Z, Rehouskova K, Malina P, Budikova M, Palanova V, Solcova L, Lubasova A, Podzimkova H, Bujdak J, Vesely J, Jordanova M, Salek T, Urbanek R, Zemek S, Lacko J, Halamkova H, Machacova S, Mala S, Cubova E, Valoskova K, Burda L, Bendary A, Daoud I, Emil S, Elbahry A, Rafla S, Sanad O, Kazamel G, Ashraf M, Sobhy M, El-Hadidy A, Shafy MA, Kamal S, Bendary M, Talviste G, Angoulvant D, Boccara F, Cariou B, Carreau V, Carrie A, Charrieres S, Cottin Y, Di-Fillipo M, Ducluzeau PH, Dulong S, Durlach V, Farnier M, Ferrari E, Ferrieres D, Ferrieres J, Gallo A, hankard R, Inamo J, Lemale J, Moulin P, Paillard F, Peretti N, Perrin A, Pradignac A, Rabes JP, Rigalleau V, Sultan A, Schiele F, Tounian P, Valero R, Verges B, Yelnik C, Ziegler O, Haack IA, Schmidt N, Dressel A, Klein I, Christmann J, Sonntag A, Stumpp C, Boger D, Biedermann D, Usme MM, Beil FU, Klose G, König C, Gouni-Berthold I, Otte B, Böll G, Kirschbaum A, Merke J, Scholl J, Segiet T, Gebauer M, Predica F, Mayer M, Leistikow F, Füllgraf-Horst S, Müller C, Schüler M, Wiener J, Hein K, Baumgartner P, Kopf S, Busch R, Schömig M, Matthias S, Allendorf-Ostwald N, Fink B, Böhm D, Jäkel A, Koschker AC, Schweizer R, Vogt A, Parhofer K, König W, Reinhard W, Bäßler A, Stadelmann A, Schrader V, Katzmann J, Tarr A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kassner U, Paulsen G, Homberger J, Zemmrich C, Seeger W, Biolik K, Deiss D, Richter C, Pantchechnikova E, Dorn E, Schatz U, Julius U, Spens A, Wiesner T, Scholl M, Rizos CV, Sakkas N, Elisaf M, Skoumas I, Tziomalos K, Rallidis L, Kotsis V, Doumas M, Athyros V, Skalidis E, Kolovou G, Garoufi A, Bilianou E, Koutagiar I, Agapakis D, Kiouri E, Antza C, Katsiki N, Zacharis E, Attilakos A, Sfikas G, Koumaras C, Anagnostis P, Anastasiou G, Liamis G, Koutsogianni AD, Karányi Z, Harangi M, Bajnok L, Audikovszky M, Márk L, Benczúr B, Reiber I, Nagy G, Nagy A, Reddy LL, Shah SA, Ponde CK, Dalal JJ, Sawhney JP, Verma IC, Altaey M, Al-Jumaily K, Rasul D, Abdalsahib AF, Jabbar AA, Al-ageedi M, Agar R, Cohen H, Ellis A, Gavishv D, Harats D, Henkin Y, Knobler H, Leavit L, Leitersdorf E, Rubinstein A, Schurr D, Shpitzen S, Szalat A, Casula M, Zampoleri V, Gazzotti M, Olmastroni E, Sarzani R, Ferri C, Repetti E, Sabbà C, Bossi AC, Borghi C, Muntoni S, Cipollone F, Purrello F, Pujia A, Passaro A, Marcucci R, Pecchioli V, Pisciotta L, Mandraffino G, Pellegatta F, Mombelli G, Branchi A, Fiorenza AM, Pederiva C, Werba JP, Parati G, Carubbi F, Iughetti L, Iannuzzi A, Iannuzzo G, Calabrò P, Averna M, Biasucci G, Zambon S, Roscini AR, Trenti C, Arca M, Federici M, Del Ben M, Bartuli A, Giaccari A, Pipolo A, Citroni N, Guardamagna O, Bonomo K, Benso A, Biolo G, Maroni L, Lupi A, Bonanni L, Zenti MG, Matsuki K, Hori M, Ogura M, Masuda D, Kobayashi T, Nagahama K, Al-Jarallah M, Radovic M, Lunegova O, Bektasheva E, Khodzhiboboev E, Erglis A, Gilis D, Nesterovics G, Saripo V, Meiere R, Upena-RozeMicena A, Terauda E, Jambart S, Khoury PE, Elbitar S, Ayoub C, Ghaleb Y, Aliosaitiene U, Kutkiene S, Kasim NA, Nor NS, Ramli AS, Razak SA, Al-Khateeb A, Kadir SH, Muid SA, Rahman TA, Kasim SS, Radzi AB, Ibrahim KS, Razali S, Ismail Z, Ghani RA, Hafidz MI, Chua AL, Rosli MM, Annamalai M, Teh LK, Razali R, Chua YA, Rosman A, Sanusi AR, Murad NA, Jamal ARA, Nazli SA, Razman AZ, Rosman N, Rahmat R, Hamzan NS, Azzopardi C, Mehta R, Martagon AJ, Ramirez GA, Villa NE, Vazquez AV, Elias-Lopez D, Retana GG, Rodriguez B, Macías JJ, Zazueta AR, Alvarado RM, Portano JD, Lopez HA, Sauque-Reyna L, Herrera LG, Mendia LE, Aguilar HG, Cooremans ER, Aparicio BP, Zubieta VM, Gonzalez PA, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Portilla NC, Dominguez GJ, Garcia AY, Cazares HE, Gonzalez JR, Valencia CV, Padilla FG, Prado RM, De los Rios Ibarra MO, Villicaña RD, Rivera KJ, Carrera RA, Alvarez JA, Martinez JC, de los Reyes Barrera Bustillo M, Vargas GC, Chacon RC, Andrade MH, Ortega AF, Alcala HG, de Leon LE, Guzman BG, Garcia JJ, Cuellar JC, Cruz JR, Garcia AH, Almada JR, Herrera UJ, Sobrevilla FL, Rodriguez EM, Sibaja CM, Rodriguez AB, Oyervides JC, Vazquez DI, Rodriguez EA, Osorio ML, Saucedo JR, Tamayo MT, Talavera LA, Arroyo LE, Carrillo EA, Isara A, Obaseki DE, Al-Waili K, Al-Zadjali F, Al-Zakwani I, Al-Kindi M, Al-Mukhaini S, Al-Barwani H, Rana A, Shah LS, Starostecka E, Konopka A, Lewek J, Bartłomiejczyk M, Gąsior M, Dyrbuś K, Jóźwiak J, Gruchała M, Pajkowski M, Romanowska-Kocejko M, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka M, Chmara M, Wasąg B, Parczewska A, Gilis-Malinowska N, Borowiec-Wolna J, Stróżyk A, Woś M, Michalska-Grzonkowska A, Medeiros AM, Alves AC, Silva F, Lobarinhas G, Palma I, de Moura JP, Rico MT, Rato Q, Pais P, Correia S, Moldovan O, Virtuoso MJ, Salgado JM, Colaço I, Dumitrescu A, Lengher C, Mosteoru S, Meshkov A, Ershova A, Rozkova T, Korneva V, Yu KT, Zafiraki V, Voevoda M, Gurevich V, Duplyakov D, Ragino Y, Safarova M, Shaposhnik I, Alkaf F, Khudari A, Rwaili N, Al-Allaf F, Alghamdi M, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Kinsara A, AlQudaimi AH, Awan Z, Elamin OA, Altaradi H, Rajkovic N, Popovic L, Singh S, Stosic L, Rasulic I, Lalic NM, Lam C, Le TJ, Siang EL, Dissanayake S, I-Shing JT, Shyong TE, Jin TC, Balinth K, Buganova I, Fabryova L, Kadurova M, Klabnik A, Kozárová M, Sirotiakova J, Battelino T, Kovac J, Mlinaric M, Sustar U, Podkrajsek KT, Fras Z, Jug B, Cevc M, Pilcher GJ, Blom D, Wolmarans K, Brice B, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, Díaz-Díaz JL, de Isla LP, Fuentes F, Badimon L, Martin F, Lux A, Chang NT, Ganokroj P, Akbulut M, Alici G, Bayram F, Can LH, Celik A, Ceyhan C, Coskun FY, Demir M, Demircan S, Dogan V, Durakoglugil E, Dural IE, Gedikli O, Hacioglu A, Ildizli M, Kilic S, Kirilmaz B, Kutlu M, Oguz A, Ozdogan O, Onrat E, Ozer S, Sabuncu T, Sahin T, Sivri F, Sonmez A, Temizhan A, Topcu S, Tuncez A, Vural M, Yenercag M, Yesilbursa D, Yigit Z, Yildirim AB, Yildirir A, Yilmaz MB, Atallah B, Traina M, Sabbour H, Hay DA, Luqman N, Elfatih A, Abdulrasheed A, Kwok S, Oca ND, Reyes X, Alieva RB, Kurbanov RD, Hoshimov SU, Nizamov UI, Ziyaeva AV, Abdullaeva GJ, Do DL, Nguyen MN, Kim NT, Le TT, Le HA, Tokgozoglu L, Catapano AL, Ray KK. Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Lancet 2021; 398:1713-1725. [PMID: 34506743 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. METHODS Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. FINDINGS Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53·6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75·4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84·2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46·2 years (IQR 34·3-58·0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44·4 years (32·5-56·5), with 40·2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17·4% (2·1% for stroke and 5·2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81·1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21·2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5·43 mmol/L (IQR 4·32-6·72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4·23 mmol/L (3·20-5·66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2·7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p<0·001). INTERPRETATION Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. FUNDING Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron.
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Christensen JJ, Narverud I, Ruuth M, Heier M, Jauhiainen M, Ulven SM, Bogsrud MP, Kovanen PT, Halvorsen B, Oda MN, Wium C, Retterstøl K, Öörni K, Holven KB. Children with familial hypercholesterolemia display changes in LDL and HDL function: A cross-sectional study. J Intern Med 2021; 290:1083-1097. [PMID: 34506681 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional status of lipoprotein particles contributes to atherogenesis. The tendency of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles to aggregate and the ability of igh-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles to induce and mediate reverse cholesterol transport associate with high and low risk for cardiovascular disease in adult patients, respectively. However, it is unknown whether children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) display lipoprotein function alterations. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that FH children had disrupted lipoprotein functions. METHODS We analyzed LDL aggregation susceptibility and HDL-apoA-I exchange (HAE), and activity of four proteins that regulate lipoprotein metabolism (cholesteryl ester transfer protein, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, phospholipid transfer protein, and paraoxonase-1) in plasma samples derived from children with FH (n = 47) and from normocholesterolemic children (n = 56). Variation in lipoprotein functions was further explored using an nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics profiling approach. RESULTS LDL aggregation was higher, and HAE was lower in FH children than in normocholesterolemic children. LDL aggregation associated positively with LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and negatively with triglycerides, and HAE/apoA-I associated negatively with LDL-C. Generally, the metabolomic profile for LDL aggregation was opposite of that of HAE/apoA-I. CONCLUSIONS FH children displayed increased atherogenicity of LDL and disrupted HDL function. These newly observed functional alterations in LDL and HDL add further understanding of the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in FH children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Christensen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maija Ruuth
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Heier
- Department of Pediatric, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Diabetes Research Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael N Oda
- Seer BioLogics, Inc., Fairfield, California, United States
| | - Cecilie Wium
- The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Larsen SV, Holven KB, Christensen JJ, Flatberg A, Rundblad A, Leder L, Blomhoff R, Telle-Hansen V, Kolehmainen M, Carlberg C, Myhrstad MC, Thoresen M, Ulven SM. Replacing Saturated Fat with Polyunsaturated Fat Modulates Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and Pathways Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Using a Whole Transcriptome Approach. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100633. [PMID: 34708513 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of replacing dietary saturated fat (SFA) with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using a whole transcriptome approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia (n = 115) are randomly assigned to a control diet (C-diet) group or an experimental diet (Ex-diet) group receiving comparable food items with different fatty acid composition for 8 weeks. RNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention is analyzed by microarray technology (n = 95). By use of a linear regression model (n = 92), 14 gene transcripts are differentially altered in the Ex-diet group compared to the C-diet group. These include transcripts related to vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, low-density lipoprotein receptor folding, and regulation of blood pressure. Furthermore, pathways mainly related to immune response and inflammation, signal transduction, development, and cytoskeleton remodeling, gene expression and protein function, are differentially enriched between the groups. CONCLUSION Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for 8 weeks modulates PBMC gene expression and pathways related to CVD risk in healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva V Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Central Administration, St. Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari C Myhrstad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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Klevmoen M, Bogsrud MP, Retterstøl K, Svilaas T, Vesterbekkmo EK, Hovland A, Berge C, Roeters van Lennep J, Holven KB. Loss of statin treatment years during pregnancy and breastfeeding periods in women with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2021; 335:8-15. [PMID: 34520888 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Women with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are recommended to initiate statin treatment at the same age as men (from 8 to 10 years of age). However, statins are contraindicated when pregnancy is planned, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The aim of the study was to determine the duration of pregnancy-related off-statin periods and breastfeeding in FH women. METHODS A cross-sectional study using an anonymous online self-administered questionnaire was conducted. Women with FH were recruited through Lipid Clinics in Norway and Netherlands and national FH patient organizations. RESULTS 102 women with FH (n = 70 Norwegian and n = 32 Dutch) were included in the analysis. Total length of pregnancy-related off-statin periods was estimated for 80 women where data were available, and was median (min-max) 2.3 (0-14.2) years. Lost statin treatment time was estimated for 67 women where data were available, and was median (min-max) 18 (0-100)% at mean (SD) age of 31 (4.3) years at last pregnancy. More women breastfed in Norway (83%) and for longer time [8.5 [1-42] months] compared to the Netherlands [63%, p = 0.03; 3.6 (0-14) months, p < 0.001]. Eighty-six percent of the women reported need for more information on pregnancy and breastfeeding in relation to FH. CONCLUSIONS Young FH women lose years of treatment when discontinuing statins in relation to pregnancy and breastfeeding periods and should be closely followed up to minimize the duration of these off-statin periods. Whether these periods of interrupted treatment increase the cardiovascular risk in FH women needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Klevmoen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Elisabeth K Vesterbekkmo
- Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Hovland
- Department of Cardiology, Nordland Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christ Berge
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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Christensen JJ, Telle-Hansen VH, Ulven SM, Kovanen PT, Jauhiainen M, Öörni K, Holven KB. The homeoviscous adaptation to dietary lipids (HADL) hypothesis is probably incorrect. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1711-1712. [PMID: 34060599 PMCID: PMC8168348 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland,Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- From the Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Vuorio A, Ramaswami U, Holven KB. Editorial: Genetics of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: New Insight. Front Genet 2021; 12:669373. [PMID: 34025723 PMCID: PMC8134746 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.669373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alpo Vuorio
- Mehiläinen Airport Health Centre, Vantaa, Finland.,Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Uma Ramaswami
- Lysosomal Disorders Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Genetics and Genomics Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Øyri LKL, Bogsrud MP, Christensen JJ, Ulven SM, Brantsæter AL, Retterstøl K, Brekke HK, Michelsen TM, Henriksen T, Roeters van Lennep JE, Magnus P, Veierød MB, Holven KB. Novel associations between parental and newborn cord blood metabolic profiles in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Med 2021; 19:91. [PMID: 33849542 PMCID: PMC8045233 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than one third of Norwegian women and men between 20 and 40 years of age have elevated cholesterol concentration. Parental metabolic health around conception or during pregnancy may affect the offspring's cardiovascular disease risk. Lipids are important for fetal development, but the determinants of cord blood lipids have scarcely been studied. We therefore aimed to describe the associations between maternal and paternal peri-pregnancy lipid and metabolic profile and newborn cord blood lipid and metabolic profile. METHODS This study is based on 710 mother-father-newborn trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The sample included in this study consisted of parents with and without self-reported hypercholesterolemia the last 6 months before pregnancy and their partners and newborns. Sixty-four cord blood metabolites detected by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were analyzed by linear mixed model analyses. The false discovery rate procedure was used to correct for multiple testing. RESULTS Among mothers with hypercholesterolemia, maternal and newborn plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, alanine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, creatinine, and particle concentration of medium high-density lipoprotein were significantly positively associated (0.001 ≤ q ≤ 0.09). Among mothers without hypercholesterolemia, maternal and newborn linoleic acid, valine, tyrosine, citrate, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein size, and particle concentration of small high-density lipoprotein were significantly positively associated (0.02 ≤ q ≤ 0.08). Among fathers with hypercholesterolemia, paternal and newborn ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 were significantly positively associated (q = 0.04). Among fathers without hypercholesterolemia, no significant associations were found between paternal and newborn metabolites. Sex differences were found for many cord blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and paternal metabolites and newborn sex were associated with several cord blood metabolites. This may potentially affect the offspring's long-term cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn K L Øyri
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, PO Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, PO Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Section of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, PO Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde K Brekke
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond M Michelsen
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Henriksen
- Department of Obstetrics, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1122, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Aker, PO Box 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
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Langslet G, Johansen AK, Bogsrud MP, Narverud I, Risstad H, Retterstøl K, Holven KB. Thirty percent of children and young adults with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with statins have adherence issues. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 6:100180. [PMID: 34327501 PMCID: PMC8315460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
30% of young patients with FH had poor adherence to statins. Lack of motivation was the main reason. Higher age, more visits and years of follow-up associated with good adherence. Closer follow-up and focus on patient engagement is necessary.
Objective To assess adherence to lipid lowering therapy (LLT), reasons for poor adherence, and achievement of LDL-C treatment goals in children and young adults with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Methods Retrospective review of the medical records of 438 children that started follow-up at the Lipid Clinic, Oslo University hospital, between 1990 and 2010, and followed-up to the end of July 2019. Based on information on adherence to the LLT at the latest visit, patients were assigned to “good adherence” or “poor adherence” groups. Reasons for poor adherence were categorized as: “lack of motivation”, “ran out of drugs”, or “side effects”. Results Three hundred and seventy-one patients were included. Mean (SD) age and follow-up time at the latest visit was 24.0 (7.1) and 12.9 (6.7) years; 260 patients (70%, 95% CI: 65–74%) had “good adherence” and 111 (30%, 95% CI: 25–35%) had “poor adherence”. “Lack of motivation” was the most common reason for poor adherence (n = 85, 23%). In patients with good adherence, compared to patients with poor adherence, age at latest visit (24.6 versus 22.0 years; p = 0.001), years of follow-up (13.5 versus 11.4 years; p = 0.003), and number of visits (8.1 versus 6.5 visits; p<0.001) were significantly higher, whereas LDL-C at the latest visit was lower, (3.1 (0.8) versus 5.3 (1.6) mmol/L; p<0.001) and percentage of patients reaching LDL-C treatment goal was higher, (34.5% versus 2.7%; p<0.001). Gender, BMI, age at first visit and premature cardiovascular disease in first degree relatives were not significantly associated with adherence. Conclusion Thirty percent of young patients with FH had poor adherence to LLT, with lack of motivation as the main reason. Higher age, more visits and more years of follow-up were associated with good adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisle Langslet
- Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Aker Sykehus, P.O. Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja K Johansen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin P Bogsrud
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Risstad
- Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Aker Sykehus, P.O. Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Aker Sykehus, P.O. Box 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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