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Vardanega MJ, Wilson L. Sacral fracture stabilisation using dorsal transiliac locking plates: 12 cases (2017-2023). J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:251-260. [PMID: 38326013 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical presentations, outcomes and complications associated with the use of dorsal transiliac locking plates to stabilise sacral fractures in dogs and cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-centre retrospective analysis of all patients that presented with sacral fractures between February 2017 and February 2023 that were managed surgically using paired dorsal transiliac locking plates. Twelve animals met the criteria for inclusion in a retrospective clinical case series. An owner questionnaire was employed to assess long-term outcomes. RESULTS Eleven dogs and one cat with a mean age of 3.1 years (range 0.6 to 8.8) were included. Eleven patients presented following a motor vehicle accident and most were either non-ambulatory (n=8) or displayed severe unilateral hindlimb lameness (n=4). Nine sacral fractures were considered Anderson type II and three Anderson type V. The plate fixation was augmented with additional surgical stabilisation in 11 cases. Eleven patients were ambulatory at discharge and all cases healed uneventfully without major surgical or postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up (>60 days) was available in 10 animals at a mean of 694 days (range 65 to 1805) and owner-assessed outcomes via questionnaire were reported as good to excellent in all cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The application of transiliac locking plates provided sufficient stability to facilitate sacral fracture healing with minimal clinical complications. This method represents a robust and safe option to stabilise sacral fractures in dogs and cats, offering an alternative to iliosacral lag screw fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Vardanega
- Surgery Department, Animal Referral Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L Wilson
- Surgery Department, Animal Referral Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Jaumdally S, Tomasicchio M, Pooran A, Esmail A, Kotze A, Meier S, Wilson L, Oelofse S, van der Merwe C, Roomaney A, Davids M, Suliman T, Joseph R, Perumal T, Scott A, Shaw M, Preiser W, Williamson C, Goga A, Mayne E, Gray G, Moore P, Sigal A, Limberis J, Metcalfe J, Dheda K. Frequency, kinetics and determinants of viable SARS-CoV-2 in bioaerosols from ambulatory COVID-19 patients infected with the Beta, Delta or Omicron variants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2003. [PMID: 38443359 PMCID: PMC10914788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol remains contentious. Importantly, whether cough or breath-generated bioaerosols can harbor viable and replicating virus remains largely unclarified. We performed size-fractionated aerosol sampling (Andersen cascade impactor) and evaluated viral culturability in human cell lines (infectiousness), viral genetics, and host immunity in ambulatory participants with COVID-19. Sixty-one percent (27/44) and 50% (22/44) of participants emitted variant-specific culture-positive aerosols <10μm and <5μm, respectively, for up to 9 days after symptom onset. Aerosol culturability is significantly associated with lower neutralizing antibody titers, and suppression of transcriptomic pathways related to innate immunity and the humoral response. A nasopharyngeal Ct <17 rules-in ~40% of aerosol culture-positives and identifies those who are probably highly infectious. A parsimonious three transcript blood-based biosignature is highly predictive of infectious aerosol generation (PPV > 95%). There is considerable heterogeneity in potential infectiousness i.e., only 29% of participants were probably highly infectious (produced culture-positive aerosols <5μm at ~6 days after symptom onset). These data, which comprehensively confirm variant-specific culturable SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol, inform the targeting of transmission-related interventions and public health containment strategies emphasizing improved ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jaumdally
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Tomasicchio
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Pooran
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Esmail
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Kotze
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Meier
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Wilson
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Oelofse
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C van der Merwe
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Roomaney
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Davids
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Suliman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Joseph
- Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Perumal
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Scott
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Shaw
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - W Preiser
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch Tygerberg Campus; Medical Virology, National Health Laboratory Service Tygerberg, Parow, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Goga
- HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - E Mayne
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Gray
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P Moore
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Limberis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Centre, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Metcalfe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Centre, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Dheda
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Xu X, Li JD, Green TJ, Wilson L, Genschmer K, Russell D, Blalock JE, Gaggar A. Neutrophil elastase-dependent cleavage of LTA4H alters its aminopeptidase activity in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301512. [PMID: 38387968 PMCID: PMC10918316 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01512-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is classically known for its epoxide hydrolase activity that converts leukotriene A4 (LTA4) to the neutrophil chemoattractant LTB4 [1]. In 2010, our group published a study in Science that demonstrated that during an influenza model of acute airway inflammation, LTA4H was released from cells to degrade proline-glycine-proline (PGP), a non-canonical CXCR1 and -2 agonist of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment and activation [2], thereby attenuating PMN inflammation [3]. This study demonstrates that neutrophil elastase is a major enzyme responsible for the regulation of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) upon neutrophil activation, altering the aminopeptidase activity of LTA4H in the cystic fibrosis lung https://bit.ly/3SS1tKk
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medical Service at Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jin-Dong Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Todd J Green
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristopher Genschmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Derek Russell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medical Service at Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Wiseman W, Wilson L. A modified triple tibial osteotomy for management of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: retrospective assessment of 309 procedures (2017-2020). N Z Vet J 2024; 72:53-60. [PMID: 37830539 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2271438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY Medical records from a single referral hospital (Animal Referral Hospital, Sinnamon Park, Australia) of dogs treated with modified triple tibial osteotomy (TTO) for management of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease from June 2017 to June 2020 were reviewed. Modifications to the originally described TTO procedure included a modified wedge angle calculation and performing the tibial osteotomies without the use of pre-drilled guide holes. CLINICAL FINDINGS A total of 253 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Two dogs were excluded, leaving 251 dogs that had undergone 309 procedures for assessment, and data from these, including complications, were reviewed. Complete, partial competent, and partial incompetent rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament was identified in 202/309 (65.4%), 79/309 (25.6%), and 28/309 (9.1%) stifles, respectively. Medial meniscal injury was identified in 207/309 (67.0%) stifles at the time of initial surgery. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Fifty-eight dogs had bilateral procedures, including both single-session and staged surgeries, and 48 of these were available for analyses. The modifications to the TTO procedure described herein resulted in a median wedge angle of 21° and a median post-operative tibial plateau angle of 5.8°. Tibial compression testing following surgery indicated elimination of cranial tibial thrust in all stifles in this series. The most common intra-operative complication was tibial tuberosity fracture (15/309; 4.9%). Minor post-operative complications occurred in 37/309 (12.0%) procedures, with infection being the most common (27/309; 8.7%). Major post-operative complications occurred in 9/309 (2.9%) procedures. The intra- and post-operative complication rates for dogs undergoing bilateral single-session TTO were both 8.3% (2/24). The intra- and post-operative complication rates for dogs undergoing bilateral staged TTO were both 4.2% (1/24). The low number of complications for both the bilateral single-session and bilateral staged TTO groups precluded statistical analysis. All complications resolved uneventfully as determined by the attending surgeon. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The modified TTO technique described here was safe and effective for the management of canine CrCL disease in the dogs included in the case series. Findings of this study suggest that, with careful case selection, the modified TTO may be performed as a bilateral single-session procedure in dogs with concurrent bilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease. Future studies analysing the effects of these modifications on stifle biomechanics would be beneficial. ABBREVIATIONS CrCL: Cranial cruciate ligament; SSI: Surgical site infection; TPA: Tibial plateau angle; TPLO: Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy; TTA: Tibial tuberosity advancement; TTO: Triple tibial osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wiseman
- North Coast Veterinary Specialists, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - L Wilson
- Animal Referral Hospital, Sinnamon Park, QLD, Australia
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Wilson L, Whitby EH. MRI prediction of fetal lung volumes and the impact on counselling. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:955-959. [PMID: 37813756 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess whether lung volume percentages in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) differ depending on which formula is used to calculate the expected volume for gestation and any potential impact this may have on perinatal counselling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients with left-sided CDH who had undergone fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals were reviewed. The lung volumes were measured on MRI and compared with the volumes that would be expected at the given gestation for each patient. Expected values were calculated using four formulae from the literature and the authors' in-house method. These measurements were used to calculate the percentage total lung volume observed compared with the expected lung volume in a healthy fetus of the same gestation. The differences in percentage lung volumes using these five methods were then compared with how they relate to predicted rates of survival. How predicted survival would change depending on which formula was used to calculate the percentage lung volume was investigated with a view to how this may change the counselling given to a family. RESULTS In 10/47 (21%) patients, there was no change in the predicted percentage chance of survival depending on which formula was used to calculate the predicted lung volume. In 37/47 (79%), the predicted chance of survival changed depending on which formula was used to calculate the expected lung volume at the given gestation. In 20 (47%) of these cases, the change in predicted survival depending on which formula used was 45% (i.e., from 25% to 70% survival in four and from 50% to 95% survival in 16) and in two cases (4%) this difference was 70% (i.e., from 25% predicted survival to 95% predicted survival). CONCLUSION There are several different methods for calculating expected lung volumes for any given gestation. When used to estimate the percentage lung volume in patients with CDH, there is a large difference in values depending on which method is used. This in turn leads to a large variation in predicted survival with some patients in this study having either a 25% or 95% chance of survival depending on which method is used. This has a huge impact on perinatal counselling and the difficult decisions made by families.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wilson
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - E H Whitby
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Medical Imaging and Medical Physics, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
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Ziemanski JF, Wilson L, Barnes S, Nichols KK. Evaluation of the effects of latanoprost and benzalkonium chloride on the cell viability and nonpolar lipid profile produced by human meibomian gland epithelial cells in culture. Mol Vis 2023; 29:289-305. [PMID: 38264609 PMCID: PMC10805331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a PGF2α analog, latanoprost, and its preservative, benzalkonium chloride (BAK), on the cell viability and lipidomic expression of immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs). Methods Differentiated HMGECs were exposed to latanoprost (0.05 to 50 µg/ml), BAK (0.2 to 200 µg/ml), or combined latanoprost-BAK (0.05-0.2 to 50-200 µg/ml). EP- and FP-type receptors, the cognate receptors of PGE2 and PGF2α, were inhibited, thereby sparing and isolating the function of each receptor to one condition. Cell viability was assessed by ATP quantitation, and lipid extracts were analyzed by ESI-MSMSALL with a Triple TOF 5600 Mass Spectrometer (SCIEX, Framingham, MA) using SCIEX LipidView 1.3. Results Latanoprost and BAK were found to be lethal to HMGECs at the highest concentrations (p < 0.001 for both). The cytotoxicity of latanoprost was mediated through FP- and EP-independent mechanisms. Both latanoprost and BAK significantly modulated the lipidomic expression of several cholesteryl esters (8% and 30%, respectively) and triacylglycerols (10% and 12%, respectively). The combined latanoprost-BAK agent appeared to be no more toxic and to only negligibly alter the lipid profile relative to its individual components. Conclusions The use of latanoprost and BAK in glaucoma may alter the viability of the meibomian glands and their lipid expression in vivo. Sublethal concentrations of BAK appear to modulate meibum lipid expression, particularly in relation to sterol biosynthesis. Non-preserved latanoprost had less cytotoxicity at lower doses and fewer lipidomic effects compared to BAK, further strengthening the argument in favor of BAK-free pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian F. Ziemanski
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry Department of Optometry and Vision Science Birmingham, AL
| | - Landon Wilson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Birmingham, AL
| | - Stephen Barnes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Birmingham, AL
| | - Kelly K. Nichols
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry Department of Optometry and Vision Science Birmingham, AL
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Jordan SJ, Wilson L, Ren J, Gupta K, Barnes S, Geisler WM. Natural Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Is Associated With Distinct Differences in Cervicovaginal Metabolites. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1119-1126. [PMID: 37163744 PMCID: PMC10582912 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis in women occurs in the interval between screening and treatment. In vitro, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-mediated tryptophan depletion results in C. trachomatis clearance, but whether this mechanism occurs in vivo remains unclear. We previously found that women who naturally cleared C. trachomatis had lower cervicovaginal levels of tryptophan and IFN-γ compared to women with persisting infection, suggesting IFN-γ-independent pathways may promote C. trachomatis clearance. METHODS Cervicovaginal lavages from 34 women who did (n = 17) or did not (n = 17) naturally clear C. trachomatis were subjected to untargeted high-performance liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with natural clearance. RESULTS In total, 375 positively charged metabolites and 149 negatively charged metabolites were annotated. Compared to women with persisting infection, C. trachomatis natural clearance was associated with increased levels of oligosaccharides trehalose, sucrose, melezitose, and maltotriose, and lower levels of indoline and various amino acids. Metabolites were associated with valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways. CONCLUSIONS The cervicovaginal metabolome in women who did or did not naturally clear C. trachomatis is distinct. In women who cleared C. trachomatis, depletion of various amino acids, especially valine, leucine, and isoleucine, suggests that amino acids other than tryptophan impact C. trachomatis survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Biostatics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kanupriya Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - William M Geisler
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Tiwary E, Berryhill TF, Wilson L, Barnes S, Prasain JK, Wells JM. LC-MS/MS method for proline-glycine-proline and acetylated proline-glycine-proline in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123815. [PMID: 37453387 PMCID: PMC10546961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular cellular matrix (ECM) maintains tissue structure and regulates signaling functions by continuous degradation and remodeling. Inflammation or other disease conditions activate proteases including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade ECM proteins and in particular generate fragments of collagen and elastin, some of which are biologically active ECM peptides or matrikines. Stepwise degradation of collagen by MMP 8, 9 and prolyl endopeptidase release the matrikine proline-glycine-proline (PGP) and its product acetyl-PGP (AcPGP). These peptides are considered as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for many disease conditions such as chronic lung disease, heart disease, and cancer. However, there is no published, validated method for the measurement of PGP and AcPGP in plasma and therefore, we developed a sensitive, selective and reliable, isotope dilution LC-multiple reaction monitoring MS method for their determination in human plasma. The chromatographic separation of PGP and AcPGP was achieved in 3 min using Jupiter column with a gradient consisting of acidified acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The limit of detection (LOD) for PGP and AcPGP was 0.01 ng/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 ng/ml and 0.1 ng/ml, respectively. Precision and accuracy values for all analytes were within 20 % except for the lowest QC of 0.01 ng/ml. The mean extraction recoveries of these analytes were > 90 % using a Phenomenex Phree cartridge and the matrix effect was < 15 % for all the QCs for PGP and AcPGP except the lowest QC. The stability of PGP and AcPGP was > 90 % in several tested conditions including autosampler use, storage at -80 °C, and after 6 times freeze-thaw cycles. Using this method, we successfully extracted and determined PGP levels in human plasma from healthy and COPD subjects. Therefore, this method is suitable for quantification of these peptides in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Tiwary
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Taylor F Berryhill
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeevan K Prasain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham VA Healthcare System, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Wilson L, Snyder D, Griggs J, Jagtap R. Prevalence of maxillary and mandibular exostosis in the Mississippi population: a retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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10
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Asherson P, Johansson L, Holland R, Bedding M, Forrester A, Giannulli L, Ginsberg Y, Howitt S, Kretzschmar I, Lawrie SM, Marsh C, Kelly C, Mansfield M, McCafferty C, Khan K, Muller-Sedgwick U, Strang J, Williamson G, Wilson L, Young S, Landau S, Thomson L. Randomised controlled trial of the short-term effects of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate on symptoms and behavioural outcomes in young male prisoners with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: CIAO-II study. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 222:7-17. [PMID: 35657651 PMCID: PMC7613969 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that 20-30% of prisoners meet the diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methylphenidate reduces ADHD symptoms, but effects in prisoners are uncertain because of comorbid mental health and substance use disorders. AIMS To estimate the efficacy of an osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-methylphenidate) in reducing ADHD symptoms in young adult prisoners with ADHD. METHOD We conducted an 8-week parallel-arm, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial of OROS-methylphenidate versus placebo in male prisoners (aged 16-25 years) meeting the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD. Primary outcome was ADHD symptoms at 8 weeks, using the investigator-rated Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS-O). Thirteen secondary outcomes were measured, including emotional dysregulation, mind wandering, violent attitudes, mental health symptoms, and prison officer and educational staff ratings of behaviour and aggression. RESULTS In the OROS-methylphenidate arm, mean CAARS-O score at 8 weeks was estimated to be reduced by 0.57 points relative to the placebo arm (95% CI -2.41 to 3.56), and non-significant. The responder rate, defined as a 20% reduction in CAARS-O score, was 48.3% for the OROS-methylphenidate arm and 47.9% for the placebo arm. No statistically significant trial arm differences were detected for any of the secondary outcomes. Mean final titrated dose was 53.8 mg in the OROS-methylphenidate arm. CONCLUSIONS ADHD symptoms did not respond to OROS-methylphenidate in young adult prisoners. The findings do not support routine treatment with OROS-methylphenidate in this population. Further research is needed to evaluate effects of higher average dosing and adherence to treatment, multi-modal treatments and preventative interventions in the community.
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Carson TL, Buro AW, Miller D, Peña A, Ard JD, Lampe JW, Yi N, Lefkowitz E, William VDP, Morrow C, Wilson L, Barnes S, Demark-Wahnefried W. Rationale and study protocol for a randomized controlled feeding study to determine the structural- and functional-level effects of diet-specific interventions on the gut microbiota of non-Hispanic black and white adults. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 123:106968. [PMID: 36265810 PMCID: PMC10095329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US, has been associated with an overrepresentation or paucity of several microbial taxa in the gut microbiota, but causality has not been established. Black men and women have among the highest CRC incidence and mortality rates of any racial/ethnic group. This study will examine the impact of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on gut microbiota and fecal metabolites associated with CRC risk. METHODS A generally healthy sample of non-Hispanic Black and white adults (n = 112) is being recruited to participate in a parallel-arm randomized controlled feeding study. Participants are randomized to receive the DASH diet or a standard American diet for a 28-day period. Fecal samples are collected weekly throughout the study to analyze changes in the gut microbiota using 16 s rRNA and selected metagenomics. Differences in bacterial alpha and beta diversity and taxa that have been associated with CRC (Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Porphyromonas, Succinivibrio) are being evaluated. Covariate measures include body mass index, comorbidities, medication history, physical activity, stress, and demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION Our findings will provide preliminary evidence for the DASH diet as an approach for cultivating a healthier gut microbiota across non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adults. These results can impact clinical, translational, and population-level approaches for modification of the gut microbiota to reduce risk of chronic diseases including CRC. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04538482, on September 4, 2020 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04538482).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Carson
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America.
| | - Acadia W Buro
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Darci Miller
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Alissa Peña
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Jamy D Ard
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Public Health Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Elliot Lefkowitz
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Van Der Pol William
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Oh Y, LeVine K, Reed E, Siff J, Papp J, Wilson L, Piktel J. 264 Did COVID-19 Mitigation Affect the Accessibility and Usage of Emergency Department-Based Programs to Combat Opioid Use Disorder? Ann Emerg Med 2022. [PMCID: PMC9519243 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reed E, Siff J, LeVine K, Oh Y, Wilson L, Papp J, Piktel J. 192 Using the Electronic Health Record to Identify Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department at Highest Risk for Subsequent Overdose. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Irish L, Nichols J, Almahameed S, Ziv O, Dombrowski A, Wisniewski S, Piktel J, Wilson L, Laurita K. 199 Heart Rate Entropy Predicts Impending Rearrest Due to Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation but Not Pulseless Electrical Activity. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Papp J, Reed E, Oh Y, LeVine K, Wilson L, Siff J, Piktel J. 298 Evaluation of a Multi-Pronged Emergency Department-Based Approach to Reduce Subsequent Overdoses in a High-Risk Emergency Department Population of Opioid Users. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chehade SB, Green GBH, Graham CD, Chakraborti A, Vashai B, Moon A, Williams MB, Vickers B, Berryhill T, Van Der Pol W, Wilson L, Powell ML, Smith DL, Barnes S, Morrow C, Mukhtar MS, Kennedy GD, Bibb JA, Watts SA. A modified standard American diet induces physiological parameters associated with metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:929446. [PMID: 36105576 PMCID: PMC9464921 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.929446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the causative role that western dietary patterns have on obesity and disease pathogenesis have speculated that quality and quantity of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates have a predictive role in the development of these disorders. Standard reference diets such as the AIN-93 rodent diet have historically been used to promote animal health and reduce variation of results across experiments, rather than model modern human dietary habits or nutrition-related pathologies. In rodents high-fat diets (HFDs) became a classic tool to investigate diet-induced obesity (DIO). These murine diets often relied on a single fat source with the most DIO consistent HFDs containing levels of fat up to 45-60% (kcal), higher than the reported human intake of 33-35% (kcal). More recently, researchers are formulating experimental animal (pre-clinical) diets that reflect mean human macro- and micronutrient consumption levels described by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These diets attempt to integrate relevant ingredient sources and levels of nutrients; however, they most often fail to include high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a source of dietary carbohydrate. We have formulated a modified Standard American Diet (mSAD) that incorporates relevant levels and sources of nutrient classes, including dietary HFCS, to assess the basal physiologies associated with mSAD consumption. Mice proffered the mSAD for 15 weeks displayed a phenotype consistent with metabolic syndrome, exhibiting increased adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Metabolic alterations were evidenced at the tissue level as crown-like structures (CLS) in adipose tissue and fatty acid deposition in the liver, and targeted 16S rRNA metagenomics revealed microbial compositional shifts between dietary groups. This study suggests diet quality significantly affects metabolic homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of developing relevant pre-clinical diets to investigate chronic diseases highly impacted by western dietary consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B. Chehade
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - George B. H. Green
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher D. Graham
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bijal Vashai
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Amber Moon
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Benjamin Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Taylor Berryhill
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - William Van Der Pol
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mickie L. Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gregory D. Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James A. Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Srivastava O, Wilson L, Barnes S, Srivastava K, Joseph R. αA and αB peptides from human cataractous lenses show antichaperone activity and enhance aggregation of lens proteins. Mol Vis 2022; 28:147-164. [PMID: 36540064 PMCID: PMC9744240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify and characterize properties of αA- and αB-crystallins' low molecular weight peptides (molecular weight [Mr] < 5 kDa) that were present in a 62-year-old human nuclear cataract, but not in normal 62-year-old human lenses. Methods Low molecular weight peptides (< 5 kDa) were isolated with a trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solubilization method from water-soluble (WS) and water-insoluble (WI) proteins of nuclear cataractous lenses of a 62-year-old donor and normal human lenses from an age-matched donor. Five commercially synthesized peptides (found only in cataractous lenses and not in normal lenses) were used to determine their chaperone and antichaperone activity and aggregation properties. Results Mass spectrometric analysis showed 28 peptides of αA-crystallin and 38 peptides of αB-crystallin were present in the cataractous lenses but not in the normal lenses. Two αA peptides (named αAP1 and αAP2; both derived from the αA N-terminal domain (NTD) region) and three αB peptides (named αBP3, αBP4, and αBP5, derived from the αB NTD-, core domain (CD), and C-terminal extension (CTE) regions, respectively) were commercially synthesized. αAP1 inhibited the chaperone activity of αA- and αB-crystallins, but the other four peptides (αAP2, αBP3, αBP4, and αBP5) exhibited mixed effects on chaperone activity. Upon incubation with human WS proteins and peptides in vitro, the αBP4 peptide showed higher aggregation properties relative to the αAP1 peptide. During in vivo experiments, the cell-penetrating polyarginine-labeled αAP1 and αBP4 peptides showed 57% and 85% aggregates, respectively, around the nuclei of cultured human lens epithelial cells compared to only 35% by a scrambled peptide. Conclusions The antichaperone activity of the αAP1 peptide and the aggregation property of the αBP4 peptide with lens proteins could play a potential role during the development of lens opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Srivastava
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Landon Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kiran Srivastava
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Roy Joseph
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Kumssa DB, Mossa AW, Amede T, Ander EL, Bailey EH, Botoman L, Chagumaira C, Chimungu JG, Davis K, Gameda S, Haefele SM, Hailu K, Joy EJM, Lark RM, Ligowe IS, McGrath SP, Milne A, Muleya P, Munthali M, Towett E, Walsh MG, Wilson L, Young SD, Haji IR, Broadley MR, Gashu D, Nalivata PC. Cereal grain mineral micronutrient and soil chemistry data from GeoNutrition surveys in Ethiopia and Malawi. Sci Data 2022; 9:443. [PMID: 35879373 PMCID: PMC9314434 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dataset comprises primary data for the concentration of 29 mineral micronutrients in cereal grains and up to 84 soil chemistry properties from GeoNutrition project surveys in Ethiopia and Malawi. The work provided insights on geospatial variation in the micronutrient concentration in staple crops, and the potential influencing soil factors. In Ethiopia, sampling was conducted in Amhara, Oromia, and Tigray regions, during the late-2017 and late-2018 harvest seasons. In Malawi, national-scale sampling was conducted during the April–June 2018 harvest season. The concentrations of micronutrients in grain were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Soil chemistry properties reported include soil pH; total soil nitrogen; total soil carbon (C); soil organic C; effective cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations; a three-step sequential extraction scheme for the fractionation of sulfur and selenium; available phosphate; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable trace elements; extractable trace elements using 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0.01 M CaCl2; and isotopically exchangeable Zn. These data are reported here according to FAIR data principles to enable users to further explore agriculture-nutrition linkages. Measurement(s) | Trace Element • soil chemical properties | Technology Type(s) | Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry | Factor Type(s) | Geography • Staple cereal crop | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Staple cereal food crops | Sample Characteristic - Environment | Smallholder farming | Sample Characteristic - Location | Ethiopia • Malawi |
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Kumssa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - A W Mossa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - T Amede
- International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), ILRI Sholla Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E L Ander
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - E H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - L Botoman
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.,The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30779, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - C Chagumaira
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.,Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Future Food Beacon, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK.,Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - J G Chimungu
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - K Davis
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S Gameda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), ILRI Sholla Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S M Haefele
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - K Hailu
- Centre for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E J M Joy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - R M Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.,Future Food Beacon, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - I S Ligowe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.,The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30779, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - S P McGrath
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - A Milne
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - P Muleya
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M Munthali
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30779, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - E Towett
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M G Walsh
- Africa Soil Information Service, Selian Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 2704, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - L Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - I R Haji
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK. .,Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - D Gashu
- Centre for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - P C Nalivata
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
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Mahmoudi Aliabadi P, Teuber R, Jani PK, Wilson L, Enghard P, Barnes S, Chiorazzi N, Radbruch A, Melchers F, Kubagawa H. Soluble Fc Receptor for IgM in Sera From Subsets of Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia as Determined by a New Mouse Monoclonal Antibody. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863895. [PMID: 35784336 PMCID: PMC9245419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The FcR for IgM (FcµR) is the newest member of the FcR family, selectively expressed by lymphocytes, and distinct from FcRs for switched Ig isotypes that are expressed by various immune cell types and non-hematopoietic cells. From studies of Fcmr-ablated mice, FcµR was shown to have a regulatory function in B-cell tolerance, as evidenced by high serum titers of autoantibodies of the IgM and IgG isotypes in mutant mice. In our previous studies, both cell-surface and serum FcµR levels were elevated in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where antigen-independent self-ligation of BCR is a hallmark of the neoplastic B cells. This was assessed by sandwich ELISA using two different ectodomain-specific mAbs. To determine whether the serum FcµR is derived from cleavage of its cell-surface receptor (shedding) or its alternative splicing to skip the transmembrane exon resulting in a 70-aa unique hydrophilic C-terminus (soluble), we developed a new mouse IgG1κ mAb specific for human soluble FcμR (solFcμR) by taking advantages of the unique nature of transductant stably producing His-tagged solFcµR and of an in vivo differential immunization. His-tagged solFcμR attached to exosomes and plasma membranes, allowing immunization and initial hybridoma screening without purification of solFcμR. Differential immunization with tolerogen (membrane FcμR) and immunogen (solFcμR) also facilitated to generate solFcμR-specific hybridomas. The resultant solFcμR-specific mAb reacted with serum FcµR in subsets of CLL patients. This mAb, along with another ectodomain-specific mAb, will be used for verifying the hypothesis that the production of solFcµR is the consequence of chronic stimulation of BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Teuber
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- Lymphocyte Development, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Landon Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Cell Biology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Lymphocyte Development, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiromi Kubagawa
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hiromi Kubagawa,
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Newman SD, Schnakenberg Martin AM, Raymond D, Cheng H, Wilson L, Barnes S, O’Donnell BF. The relationship between cannabis use and taurine: A MRS and metabolomics study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269280. [PMID: 35653401 PMCID: PMC9162360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine is an essential amino acid. It has been shown to be neuroprotective including protecting against the neurotoxic effects of glutamate. The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between CB use and taurine measured in brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and peripherally from a urine sample. Two experiments are presented. The first is a reanalysis of published data that examined taurine and glutamate in the dorsal anterior cingulate of a CB user group and non-user group using MRS. The second experiment, in a separate CB user group, used metabolomics analysis to measure taurine levels in urine. Because body composition has been associated with the pharmacokinetics of cannabis and taurine levels, a moderation model was examined with body composition included as the covariate. The MRS study found taurine levels were correlated with glutamate in both groups and taurine was correlated with frequency of CB use in the CB user group. The moderation model demonstrated significant effects of CB use and BMI; the interaction was marginally significant with lower BMI individuals showing a positive relationship between CB use and taurine. A similar finding was observed for the urine analysis. Both CB use and weight, as well as the interaction were significant. In this case, individuals with higher weight showed an association between CB use and taurine levels. This study shows the feasibility and potential importance of examining the relationship between taurine and CB use as it may shed light on a mechanism that underlies the neuroprotective effects of CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene D. Newman
- Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashley M. Schnakenberg Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David Raymond
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Landon Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Brian F. O’Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
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21
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Reid KF, Storer TW, Pencina KM, Valderrabano R, Latham NK, Wilson L, Ghattas C, Dixon R, Nunes A, Bajdek N, Huang G, Skeels SE, Lin AP, Merugumala SM, Liao HJ, Bouxsein ML, Zafonte RD, Bhasin S. A multimodality intervention to improve musculoskeletal health, function, metabolism, and well-being in spinal cord injury: study protocol for the FIT-SCI randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:493. [PMID: 35614404 PMCID: PMC9130453 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating, life-changing event that has profoundly deleterious effects on an individual's health and well-being. Dysregulation of neuromuscular, cardiometabolic, and endocrine organ systems following an SCI contribute to excess morbidity, mortality and a poor quality of life. As no effective treatments currently exist for SCI, the development of novel strategies to improve the functional and health status of individuals living with SCI are much needed. To address this knowledge gap, the current study will determine whether a Home-Based Multimodality Functional Recovery and Metabolic Health Enhancement Program that consists of functional electrical stimulation of the lower extremity during leg cycling (FES-LC) plus arm ergometry (AE) administered using behavioral motivational strategies, and testosterone therapy, is more efficacious than FES-LC plus AE and placebo in improving aerobic capacity, musculoskeletal health, function, metabolism, and wellbeing in SCI. METHODS This single-site, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial will enroll 88 community-dwelling men and women, 19 to 70 years of age, with cervical and thoracic level of SCI, ASIA Impairment Scale grade: A, B, C, or D, 6 months or later after an SCI. Participants randomized to the multimodality intervention will undergo 16 weeks of home-based FES-LC and AE training plus testosterone undecanoate. Testosterone undecanoate injections will be administered by study staff in clinic or by a visiting nurse in the participant's home. The control group will receive 16 weeks of home-based FES-LC and AE exercise plus placebo injections. The primary outcome of this trial is peak aerobic capacity, measured during an incremental exercise testing protocol. Secondary outcomes include whole body and regional lean and adipose tissue mass; muscle strength and power; insulin sensitivity, lipids, and inflammatory markers; SCI functional index and wellbeing (mood, anxiety, pain, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms); and safety. DISCUSSION We anticipate that a multimodality intervention that simultaneously addresses multiple physiological impairments in SCI will result in increased aerobic capacity and greater improvements in other musculoskeletal, metabolic, functional and patient-reported outcomes compared to the control intervention. The findings of this study will have important implications for improving the care of people living with an SCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov : ( NCT03576001 ). Prospectively registered: July 3, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Reid
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - T W Storer
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K M Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Valderrabano
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N K Latham
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Wilson
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ghattas
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Dixon
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Nunes
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Bajdek
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Huang
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S E Skeels
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A P Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Merugumala
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H J Liao
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R D Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Therapies, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Botoman L, Chagumaira C, Mossa AW, Amede T, Ander EL, Bailey EH, Chimungu JG, Gameda S, Gashu D, Haefele SM, Joy EJM, Kumssa DB, Ligowe IS, McGrath SP, Milne AE, Munthali M, Towett E, Walsh MG, Wilson L, Young SD, Broadley MR, Lark RM, Nalivata PC. Soil and landscape factors influence geospatial variation in maize grain zinc concentration in Malawi. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7986. [PMID: 35568698 PMCID: PMC9107474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread globally, and in particular among people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In Malawi, dietary sources of Zn are dominated by maize and spatially dependent variation in grain Zn concentration, which will affect dietary Zn intake, has been reported at distances of up to ~ 100 km. The aim of this study was to identify potential soil properties and environmental covariates which might explain this longer-range spatial variation in maize grain Zn concentration. Data for maize grain Zn concentrations, soil properties, and environmental covariates were obtained from a spatially representative survey in Malawi (n = 1600 locations). Labile and non-labile soil Zn forms were determined using isotopic dilution methods, alongside conventional agronomic soil analyses. Soil properties and environmental covariates as potential predictors of the concentration of Zn in maize grain were tested using a priori expert rankings and false discovery rate (FDR) controls within the linear mixed model (LMM) framework that informed the original survey design. Mean and median grain Zn concentrations were 21.8 and 21.5 mg kg−1, respectively (standard deviation 4.5; range 10.0–48.1). A LMM for grain Zn concentration was constructed for which the independent variables: soil pH(water), isotopically exchangeable Zn (ZnE), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn (ZnDTPA) had predictive value (p < 0.01 in all cases, with FDR controlled at < 0.05). Downscaled mean annual temperature also explained a proportion of the spatial variation in grain Zn concentration. Evidence for spatially dependent variation in maize grain Zn concentrations in Malawi is robust within the LMM framework used in this study, at distances of up to ~ 100 km. Spatial predictions from this LMM provide a basis for further investigation of variations in the contribution of staple foods to Zn nutrition, and where interventions to increase dietary Zn intake (e.g. biofortification) might be most effective. Other soil and landscape factors influencing spatially dependent variation in maize grain Zn concentration, along with factors operating over shorter distances such as choice of crop variety and agronomic practices, require further exploration beyond the scope of the design of this survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Botoman
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.,The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30779, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - C Chagumaira
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.,School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK.,Future Food Beacon, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK.,Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - A W Mossa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - T Amede
- Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), o/C, ILRI, Guidoshola, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E L Ander
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - E H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - J G Chimungu
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - S Gameda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ILRI Sholla Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - D Gashu
- Centre for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S M Haefele
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - E J M Joy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - D B Kumssa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - I S Ligowe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.,The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30779, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - S P McGrath
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - A E Milne
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - M Munthali
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, P.O. Box 30779, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - E Towett
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M G Walsh
- Africa Soil Information Service, Selian Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 2704, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - L Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK.,Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - R M Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK.,Future Food Beacon, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - P C Nalivata
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Bunda College Campus, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi.
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23
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Ziemanski JF, Wilson L, Barnes S, Nichols KK. Prostaglandin E2 and F2α Alter Expression of Select Cholesteryl Esters and Triacylglycerols Produced by Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells. Cornea 2022; 41:95-105. [PMID: 34483274 PMCID: PMC8648972 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PGF2α analogs are commonly used to treat glaucoma and are associated with higher rates of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of PGF2α and PGE2 on immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs). METHODS HMGECs were immunostained for the 4 PGE2 receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) and 1 PGF2α receptor (FP) and imaged. Rosiglitazone-differentiated HMGECs were exposed to PGF2α and PGE2 (10-9 to 10-6 M) for 3 hours. Cell viability was assessed by an adenosine triphosphate-based luminescent assay, and lipid extracts were analyzed for cholesteryl esters (CEs), wax esters (WEs), and triacylglycerols (TAGs) by ESI-MSMSALL in positive ion mode by a Triple TOF 5600 Mass Spectrometer using SCIEX LipidView 1.3. RESULTS HMGECs expressed 3 PGE2 receptors (EP1, EP2, and EP4) and the 1 PGF2α receptor (FP). Neither PGE2 nor PGF2α showed signs of cytotoxicity at any of the concentrations tested. WEs were not detected from any of the samples, but both CEs and TAGs exhibited a diverse and dynamic profile. PGE2 suppressed select CEs (CE 22:1, CE 26:0, CE 28:1, and CE 30:1). PGF2α dose dependently increased several CEs (CE 20:2, CE 20:1, CE 22:1, and CE 24:0) yet decreased others. Both prostaglandins led to nonspecific TAG remodeling. CONCLUSIONS PGE2 and PGF2α showed minimal effect on HMGEC viability. PGF2α influences lipid expression greater than PGE2 and may do so by interfering with meibocyte differentiation. This work may provide insight into the mechanism of MGD development in patients with glaucoma treated with PGF2α analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian F. Ziemanski
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Department of Optometry Vision Science, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kelly K. Nichols
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Department of Optometry Vision Science, Birmingham, AL, USA
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24
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Chau L, Wilson L. Pes varus correction in dachshunds with mini hybrid external skeletal fixators. Aust Vet J 2021; 100:135-145. [PMID: 34907526 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of pes varus deformity correction in dachshunds managed with acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal tibia and stabilised with a mini hybrid external skeletal fixator (HESF). METHODS Surgical correction involved a transverse osteotomy over the premeasured location at the distal tibia and application of a IMEX mini HESF. All corrections were evaluated using centre of rotation and angulation methodology. RESULTS Medical records and radiographies of 20 dachshunds (28 pes varus corrections) were reviewed. All osteotomies healed and fixators were removed between 6 and 12 weeks. Lameness resolved in 18 dachshunds (90%) and significantly improved in two dachshunds (10%). Lateral patella luxation (LPL) was detected in 11/28 (39.2%) of the involved pelvic limbs, all of which resolved following pes varus correction. Mean frontal plane alignment (FPA) of the normal and abnormal tibiae were 12.3° valgus (range: 4°-18°) and 25° Varus (range: 16°-41°) respectively. Angular correction ranged between 30° and 50° (Mean: 39°) and the mean post-operative FPA was 13° valgus (range: 5°-21°). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Pes varus deformity in dachshunds can be corrected by medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal tibia stabilised by HESF. Single-session bilateral pes varus corrections can also be performed with minimal morbidity. LPL was commonly detected in dogs with pes varus deformity and all resolved spontaneously following pes varus correction alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chau
- Veterinary Specialist Service, Carrara, Queensland, 4211, Australia
| | - L Wilson
- Animal Referral Hospital, Centenary Technology Park, Sinnamon Park, Queensland, 4073, Australia
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25
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Howard M, Peppard S, O'Dwyer E, McLoughlin K, McLoughlin L, Carolan N, Walsh N, Chukwureh W, Russell E, Wilson L, Kottackal LM, Kelly M, Sheeran G, Maeri C. 147 ‘CHAMPIONING CONTINENCE’—ESTABLISHMENT OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONTINENCE PROMOTION WORKING GROUP IN AN ACUTE TEACHING HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab219.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In line with the National Frailty Programme1, patients over the age of 75 admitted to hospital should have a comprehensive geriatric assessment including the assessment of current continence status and any history of incontinence. Up to 39% of adults are reported to develop new onset urinary incontinence during admission to hospital2,3, however studies show that is it a problem not always identified by staff members,4. In response to these observations within an acute teaching hospital, a continence working party was formed involving members of nursing, physiotherapy and occupational therapy colleagues to explore the current practice and culture relating to continence management.
Methods
The group established key objectives which were broken into four strands;
1. Audit of documentation of baseline continence on admission (therapy and nursing).
2. Obtaining access to additional types of continence wear.
3. Staff education.
4. Pre and post education survey.
Results
1. Audit of documentation demonstrated poor standards of documentation of baseline continence. This led to an amendment to questioning prompts on therapy initial assessment forms and a plan to further evaluate the nursing documentation.
2. A wider array of continence wear has been made available on the wards providing greater options for patients.
3. Staff education session was compiled by a specialist physiotherapist and is widely available for staff to access on the hospitals online training portal.
4. Pre-education surveys have been completed with a view to re-administering following education roll-out.
Conclusion
The aim of this multidisciplinary working group is to equip staff with the correct resources, knowledge, and confidence to ensure best practice promotion of continence on the targeted wards. This project is the first strand of a wider culture changed that is needed around continence promotion for older adults in the acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Howard
- Beaumont Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - N Walsh
- Beaumont Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - L Wilson
- Beaumont Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - M Kelly
- Beaumont Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - C Maeri
- Beaumont Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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Shurlock J, Gratton B, Wilson L, Heatley R, Roach M, Dayer M, Furniss G. Rapid rollout of a pacemaker home monitoring service during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In an effort to reduce non-essential face to face contact during the COVD pandemic our pacemaker service was restructured in March 2020 to home monitoring only. Home monitors were issued at implant and wound reviews were done remotely via photo messages at one month or if prompted by the patient. Existing patients were given monitors on an ad hoc basis. A dedicated physiologist worked off site on home monitoring clinics. We assessed the impact on our service and on patient experience of these changes one year after implementation.
Methods
Baseline characteristics of age at implant and distance of home address from hospital were collected from all patients undergoing pacemaker home monitoring. Patients were surveyed using an adapted version of the Generic Short Patient Experiences Questionnaire (GS-PEQ). Comparison was made with our standard face-to-face follow-up model (1, 3, and 12 months).
Results
Data was collected for 326 patients. 233 received a new permanent pacemaker from March 2020 onwards and 93 existing patients were issued with a home monitor. Average age at pacemaker implant was 80.6 years (±9.9 years). The average one-way distance from home to outpatient clinic saved was 15.1 miles (±10.4 miles). 567 face-to-face appointments were saved. On an average day the off-site physiologist reviewed over 100 patient records a day, contacted 10 patients by phone and dictated reports on 20 patients (14 clinic patients and 6 alerts).
Of patients surveyed 88% agreed with the statement “I feel safe being cared for solely with a remote monitoring service” and 84% agreed with the statement “I receive the same standard of care via remote monitoring and face-to-face appointments”. Time saved by avoiding a face to face appointment was more than 1 hour for 90% of respondents. Respondents requested communication of reassuring monitoring, the ability to contact the pacing team in the event of concerns and clearer instructions for the home monitoring device.
Only 34% of newly implanted patients were able to send a photo message of their wound without prompting. We did not get a post procedure photo in 38% and the rest either spoke to us about the wound or had a face-to face visit. There was a significant difference in mean age between those who sent a photo (73.7 years) and those who didn't (81.4 years) (P=0.0006).
Conclusion
Rapid role out of a remote monitoring service for permanent pacemakers across a large county was feasible, produced significant savings in clinic time and was well received by patients. There were significant time savings for physiologists and patients. However remote wound monitoring in elderly patients was problematic due to the difficulty of sending photo messages.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shurlock
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - B Gratton
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - L Wilson
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - R Heatley
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - M Roach
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - M Dayer
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - G Furniss
- Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom
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Khanal S, Bai Y, Ngo W, Nichols KK, Wilson L, Barnes S, Nichols JJ. Human Meibum and Tear Film Derived (O-Acyl)-Omega-Hydroxy Fatty Acids as Biomarkers of Tear Film Dynamics in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dry Eye Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:13. [PMID: 34236383 PMCID: PMC8267210 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association between precorneal tear film (PCTF)- and meibum-derived (O-Acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs) and PCTF thinning in meibomian gland health and dysfunction. Methods Of 195 eligible subjects (18-84 years, 62.6% female), 178 and 170 subjects provided both PCTF optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and mass spectrometry data for tears (n = 178) and meibum (n = 170). The PCTF thinning rate was measured in the right eye using an ultra-high-resolution, custom-built OCT. Tear and meibum samples from the right eye were infused into the SCIEX 5600 TripleTOF mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode. Intensities (m/z) of preidentified OAHFAs were measured with Analyst 1.7TF and LipidView 1.3 (SCIEX). Principal component (PC) analyses and Spearman's correlations (ρ) were performed to evaluate the association between OAHFAs and PCTF thinning rates. Results In meibum and tear samples, 76 and 78 unique OAHFAs were detected, respectively. The first PC scores of the meibum-derived OAHFAs had statistically significant correlations with PCTF thinning rates (ρ = 0.18, P = 0.016). Among 10 OAHFAs with the highest first PC loadings, six OAHFAs had negative correlations with PCTF thinning rate (18:2/16:2, ρ = -0.19, P = 0.01; 18:2/30:1, ρ = -0.21, P = 0.008; 18:1/28:1, ρ = -0.22, P = 0.004; 18:1/30:1, ρ = -0.22, P = 0.005; 18:1/25:0, ρ = 0.22, P = 0 .006; and 18:1/26:1, ρ = -0.22, P = 0.006), while one OAHFA had a positive correlation with PCTF thinning rate (18:2/18:1, ρ = 0.48, P = 0.006). Tear film-derived OAHFAs had no association with the PCTF thinning rate. Conclusions Several human meibum-derived OAHFAs showed significant associations with PCTF thinning, suggesting that these OAHFAs could be implicated in the mechanism underlying the stabilization and thinning of the PCTF. The tear-film derived OAHFAs were, however, independent of the rate of PCTF thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safal Khanal
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Yuqiang Bai
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - William Ngo
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Kelly K Nichols
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jason J Nichols
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Li J, Morrow C, Barnes S, Wilson L, Womack ED, McLain A, Yarar-Fisher C. Gut microbiome composition and serum metabolome profile among individuals with spinal cord injury and normal glucose tolerance or prediabetes/type 2 diabetes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:702-710. [PMID: 34126067 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the gut microbiome composition and serum metabolome profile among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (P/DM). DESIGN Cross-sectional design. SETTING Research university. PARTICIPANTS A total of 25 adults with SCI were included in the analysis and categorized as NGT (n=16) or P/DM (n=9) based on their glucose concentration at minute 120 during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The American Diabetes Association diagnosis guideline was used for grouping participants. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A stool sample was collected and used to assess the gut microbiome composition (alpha and beta diversity, microbial abundance) via the 16s rRNA sequencing technique. A fasting serum sample was used for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis, the results from which reflect the relative quantity of metabolites detected and identified. Gut microbiome and metabolomics data were analyzed by the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 and Metaboanalyst platforms, respectively. RESULTS Gut microbiome alpha diversity (Pielou's evenness index, Shannon's index) and beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distances) differed between groups. Compared with participants with NGT, participants with P/DM had less evenness in microbial communities. In particular, those with P/DM had a lower abundance of the Clostridiales order and higher abundance of the Akkermansia genus, as well as higher serum levels of gut-derived metabolites, including indoxyl sulfate and phenylacetylglutamine (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION(S) Our results provide evidence for altered gut microbiome composition and dysregulation of gut-derived metabolites in participants with SCI and P/DM. Both indoxyl sulfate and phenylacetylglutamine have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases in the able-bodied population. These findings may inform future investigations in the field of SCI and cardio-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Erika D Womack
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amie McLain
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ceren Yarar-Fisher
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Gashu D, Nalivata PC, Amede T, Ander EL, Bailey EH, Botoman L, Chagumaira C, Gameda S, Haefele SM, Hailu K, Joy EJM, Kalimbira AA, Kumssa DB, Lark RM, Ligowe IS, McGrath SP, Milne AE, Mossa AW, Munthali M, Towett EK, Walsh MG, Wilson L, Young SD, Broadley MR. The nutritional quality of cereals varies geospatially in Ethiopia and Malawi. Nature 2021; 594:71-76. [PMID: 34012114 PMCID: PMC8172382 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) remain widespread among people in sub-Saharan Africa1-5, where access to sufficient food from plant and animal sources that is rich in micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) is limited due to socioeconomic and geographical reasons4-6. Here we report the micronutrient composition (calcium, iron, selenium and zinc) of staple cereal grains for most of the cereal production areas in Ethiopia and Malawi. We show that there is geospatial variation in the composition of micronutrients that is nutritionally important at subnational scales. Soil and environmental covariates of grain micronutrient concentrations included soil pH, soil organic matter, temperature, rainfall and topography, which were specific to micronutrient and crop type. For rural households consuming locally sourced food-including many smallholder farming communities-the location of residence can be the largest influencing factor in determining the dietary intake of micronutrients from cereals. Positive relationships between the concentration of selenium in grain and biomarkers of selenium dietary status occur in both countries. Surveillance of MNDs on the basis of biomarkers of status and dietary intakes from national- and regional-scale food-composition data1-7 could be improved using subnational data on the composition of grain micronutrients. Beyond dietary diversification, interventions to alleviate MNDs, such as food fortification8,9 and biofortification to increase the micronutrient concentrations in crops10,11, should account for geographical effects that can be larger in magnitude than intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gashu
- Centre for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - P C Nalivata
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - T Amede
- International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E L Ander
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK
| | - E H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - L Botoman
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - C Chagumaira
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - S Gameda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S M Haefele
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - K Hailu
- Centre for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E J M Joy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A A Kalimbira
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - D B Kumssa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - R M Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
- Future Food Beacon, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - I S Ligowe
- Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), Lilongwe, Malawi
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - S P McGrath
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - A E Milne
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - A W Mossa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - M Munthali
- The Department of Agricultural Research Services, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - E K Towett
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M G Walsh
- Africa Soil Information Service, Selian Agricultural Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - L Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - S D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - M R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.
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Ferrada M, Sikora K, Lou Y, Wells K, Patel B, Ospina Cardona D, Rose E, Goodspeed W, Hoffman P, Jones A, Wilson L, Young N, Savic S, Kastner D, Ombrello A, Beck D, Grayson P. OP0090 CLASSIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS BASED ON SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN UBA1. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Somatic mutations in ubiquitin activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) cause a newly defined syndrome known as VEXAS. [1] More than fifty percent of patients currently identified with VEXAS meet diagnostic criteria for relapsing polychondritis (RP).Objectives:To determine the prevalence VEXAS within a cohort of patients with RP, to compare their clinical, laboratory, and immunologic features and to develop a clinical algorithm to inform genetic screening for VEXAS among patients with RP.Methods:Exome and targeted sequencing of the UBA1 gene was performed in a prospective observational cohort of patients with RP. Clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with RP were compared based on presence or absence of UBA1 mutations. Random forest was used to derive a clinical algorithm to identify patients with UBA1 mutations. Immune populations were quantified by multipanel flow cytometry. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using the chi square or Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 defined statistical significance.Results:Seven of 92 patients with RP (7.6%) were confirmed to have UBA1 mutations (VEXAS-RP). Six additional patients with VEXAS-RP from other cohorts were included for subsequent analyses. Patients with VEXAS-RP were all male, older at disease onset, and commonly had fever, ear chondritis, skin involvement, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary infiltrates. Patients with RP as compared with VEXAS-RP had a significantly higher prevalence of airway chondritis, costochondritis and tenosynovitis/arthralgias. (Table). Mortality was significantly greater in VEXAS-RP than RP (27% vs 2% p=0.01). Maximum ESR, CRP, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values were significantly greater in VEXAS-RP. Absolute monocyte, lymphocyte, and platelet counts were significantly lower in VEXAS-RP. A decision tree based on male sex, MCV>100 fl and Platelet count<200 K/ul classified between VEXAS-RP and RP with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity.Table 1.Clinical Characteristics of patients with RP vs VEXAS-RPAll Patientsn=98RPn=85VEXAS-RPn=13p valueDemographic CharacteristicsRace, White n (%)90 (92)77 (91)13 (100)0.59Sex, Male n (%)26 (27)13 (15)13 (100)<0.0001Age, Symptom onset, years, Median (IQR)38 (30-47)37 (28-43)56 (54-64)<0.0001Clinical SymptomsFever n (%)33 (34)20 (24)13 (100)<0.0001Ear chondritis n (%)61 (62)48 (56)13 (100)0.0015Nose chondritis n (%)83 (85)71 (84)12 (92)0.68Airway chondritis n (%)37 (38)37 (44)0 (0)0.0015Tenosynovitis/arthalgias n (%)83 (85)77 (91)6 (46)0.0005Skin involvement n (%)33 (34)22 (2611 (85)<0.0001Laboratory ValuesESR, mm/hr, median (IQR)12 (6-22)11 (5-19)66.5 (42-110)<0.0001CRP, mg/L, median (IQR)2.9 (0.8-9.6)1.9 (0.6-6.3)17.7 (9.6-99.5)<0.0001Platelet count (k/uL)246(201-299)258 (227-312)145 (100-169)<0.0001MCV fL93.05 (90-98)92.2 (89-95)105 (102-115)<0.0001Absolute lymphocyte count1.6 (1.1-2.3)1.78(1.4-2.4)0.92 (0.5-1.2)<0.0001CT scan abnormalitiesPulmonary infiltrates n (%)16 (16.33)6 (7.06)10 (77)<0.0001ComplicationsDeath n (%)6 (6)3 (4)3 (23)0.029Unprovoked DVT12 (12)4 (5)8 (62)<0.0001N number; IQR = interquartile rangeConclusion:Mutations in UBA1 are causal for disease in a subset of patients with RP. These patients are defined by disease onset in the fifth decade of life or later, male sex, ear/nose chondritis and hematologic abnormalities. Early identification is important in VEXAS given the associated high mortality rate.References:[1]Beck DB, Ferrada MA, Sikora KA, Ombrello AK, Collins JC, Pei W, Balanda N, Ross DL, Ospina Cardona D, Wu Z et al: Somatic Mutations in UBA1 and Severe Adult-Onset Autoinflammatory Disease. N Engl J Med 2020, 383(27):2628-2638.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Khanal S, Ngo W, Nichols KK, Wilson L, Barnes S, Nichols JJ. Human meibum and tear film derived (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids in meibomian gland dysfunction. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:118-128. [PMID: 34052415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The molecular basis of the tear film and lipid layer alterations in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is unknown. This study aimed to identify and compare (O-acyl)-omega-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs) derived from human meibum and tears in MGD. METHODS Of 195 eligible subjects (18-84 years, 62.6% female), 183 and 174 provided samples for tears and meibum, respectively. Subjects were classified into four groups: Normal, Asymptomatic MGD, MGD, and Mixed. Samples from the right eye of each subject were infused into the SCIEX 5600 TripleTOF mass spectrometer in negative ion mode. Lipid intensities identified with Analyst1.7 TF and SCIEX LipidView1.3 were normalized by an internal standard and total ion current, then statistically compared in MetaboAnalyst 4.0. RESULTS In meibum and tears, 76 and 78 unique OAHFAs were identified, respectively. The five most frequent and abundant OAHFAs were 18:2/16:2, 18:1/32:1, 18:1/30:1, 18:2/32:1, and 18:1/34:1. Two OAHFAs, 18:2/20:2 and 18:2/20:1, were identified only in tears. Initial univariate analysis revealed three differently regulated OAHFAs in meibum and eight in tears. Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis showed 18:1/32:1, 18:2/16:2, 18:1/34:1 and 18:0/32:1 in tears, and 18:2/16:2, 18:1/32:1 and 18:2/32:2 in meibum, had variable importance in projection scores >1.5 and contributed the most to the separation of groups. In both meibum and tears, all OAHFAS except 18:2/16:2 were reduced in MGD compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION MGD is accompanied by differential expression of specific OAHFAs in meibum and tears. These results suggest OAHFAs play a role in the altered biochemical profile of the tear film lipid layer in humans with MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safal Khanal
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William Ngo
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly K Nichols
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason J Nichols
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Ziemanski JF, Wilson L, Barnes S, Nichols KK. Triacylglycerol lipidome from human meibomian gland epithelial cells: Description, response to culture conditions, and perspective on function. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108573. [PMID: 33848521 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary work has shown that select triacylglycerols (TAGs) are upregulated in a preclinical model of MGD, suggesting that TAGs may be an important outcome variable in research involving human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs). The purpose of this study was to explore the HMGEC TAG lipidome in culture conditions known to influence differentiation. HMGECs were differentiated in DMEM/F12 with 10 ng/ml EGF, FBS (2% or 10%), and rosiglitazone (0, 20, or 50 μM) for two or five days. Following culture, lipids were extracted, processed, and directly infused into a Triple TOF 5600 mass spectrometer (SCIEX, Framingham, MA) with electrospray ionization. MS and MS/MSALL spectra were acquired in the positive ion mode and performed with the SWATH technology. Only the TAGs that were present in all 48 samples were included in the analysis. Multiple regression techniques were utilized to assess the effects of each factor (FBS, rosiglitazone, and culture duration) on each expressed TAG. The HMGEC TAG lipidome consisted of 115 TAGs with 42-62 carbons and zero to 10 double bonds. Fatty acyl chains had 14 to 26 carbons and zero to five double bonds. C18:1 (oleic acid, 25/115, 21.7%) and C16:0 (palmitic acid, 16/115, 13.9%) were the most common fatty acids. FBS, rosiglitazone, and culture duration were significant predictors for 93 TAGs (80.9%) with R2 values ranging from 0.20 to 0.77 (p < 0.05). FBS and rosiglitazone achieved significance (p < 0.05) for 80 (69.6%) and 67 TAGs (58.3%), respectively. Rosiglitazone demonstrated a selective upregulation of TAGs containing 16 or 18 carbons. Culture duration reached significance (p < 0.05) for only 36 TAGs (31.3%). When comparing the 10 most abundant C18:1-containing TAGs in meibum, FBS was a negative predictor for five TAGs (mean standardized coefficient [SC] = -0.58, p < 0.001), rosiglitazone was a positive predictor for six TAGs (mean SC = 0.41, p ≤ 0.03), and culture duration weakly influenced one TAG (SC = 0.27, p = 0.008). FBS and rosiglitazone, unlike culture duration, are powerful modulators of the TAG profile. Rosiglitazone induces changes that could be consistent with fatty acid synthesis, suggesting that quantifying the TAG lipidome could be an indirect measure of lipogenesis. Though both have been described as differentiating agents, FBS and rosiglitazone induce opposing effects on meibum-relevant TAGs. Culturing with rosiglitazone is associated with a TAG profile that is more consistent with the expected outcome of lipogenesis and with the profile observed in normal human meibum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian F Ziemanski
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Landon Wilson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kelly K Nichols
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Srivastava O, Srivastava K, Joseph R, Wilson L. Increased Association of Deamidated αA- N101D with Lens membrane of transgenic αA N101D vs. wild type αA mice: potential effects on intracellular ionic imbalance and membrane disorganization. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:484. [PMID: 33302904 PMCID: PMC7726915 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated two mouse models, in one by inserting the human lens αAN101D transgene in CRYαAN101D mice, and in the other by inserting human wild-type αA-transgene in CRYαAWT mice. The CRYαAN101D mice developed cortical cataract at about 7-months of age relative to CRYαAWT mice. The objective of the study was to determine the following relative changes in the lenses of CRYαAN101D- vs. CRYαAWT mice: age-related changes with specific emphasis on protein insolubilization, relative membrane-association of αAN101D vs. WTαA proteins, and changes in intracellular ionic imbalance and membrane organization. METHODS Lenses of varying ages from CRYαAWT and CRYαAN101D mice were compared for an age-related protein insolubilization. The relative lens membrane-association of the αAN101D- and WTαA proteins in the two types of mice was determined by immunohistochemical-, immunogold-labeling-, and western blot analyses. The relative levels of membrane-binding of recombinant αAN101D- and WTαA proteins was determined by an in vitro assay, and the levels of intracellular Ca2+ uptake and Na, K-ATPase mRNA were determined in the cultured epithelial cells from lenses of the two types of mice. RESULTS Compared to the lenses of CRYαAWT, the lenses of CRYαAN101D mice exhibited: (A) An increase in age-related protein insolubilization beginning at about 4-months of age. (B) A greater lens membrane-association of αAN101D- relative to WTαA protein during immunogold-labeling- and western blot analyses, including relatively a greater membrane swelling in the CRYαAN101D lenses. (C) During in vitro assay, the greater levels of binding αAN101D- relative to WTαA protein to membranes was observed. (D) The 75% lower level of Na, K-ATPase mRNA but 1.5X greater Ca2+ uptake were observed in cultured lens epithelial cells of CRYαAN101D- than those of CRYαAWT mice. CONCLUSIONS The results show that an increased lens membrane association of αAN101D--relative WTαA protein in CRYαAN101D mice than CRYαAWT mice occurs, which causes intracellular ionic imbalance, and in turn, membrane swelling that potentially leads to cortical opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Srivastava
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1716, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0010, USA.
| | - Kiran Srivastava
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1716, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0010, USA
| | - Roy Joseph
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1716, University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0010, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory (TMPL), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0010, USA
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De Silva PM, Wilson L, Carnegy A, Smith PP, Clark TJ. Cervical dilatation and preparation prior to outpatient hysteroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2020; 128:1112-1123. [PMID: 33219606 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are uncertainties about the benefit of routine cervical preparation and/or cervical dilatation before outpatient hysteroscopy. OBJECTIVE To determine if cervical preparation and/or routine mechanical dilatation reduces pain during outpatient hysteroscopy. SEARCH STRATEGY MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL were searched on 19 October 2020, using keywords 'hysteroscopy', 'cervical preparation', 'cervical ripening', 'cervical dilatation', 'outpatient', 'office' and/or 'ambulatory' and associated medical subject headings. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials investigating the benefit of cervical preparation and/or cervical dilatation on pain in women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two independent reviewers selected eligible trials and extracted data on pain, feasibility, adverse events and satisfaction/acceptability for meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS The literature search yielded 807 records, of which 24 were included for review and 19 provided data for meta-analysis. No trials investigated the role of routine mechanical cervical dilatation. Cervical preparation significantly reduced pain during outpatient hysteroscopy; standard mean difference (SMD) -0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.05 to -0.29. Feasibility also improved as priming provided significantly easier hysteroscopic entry (SMD 0.89, 95% CI 0.32-1.46), greater cervical dilatation (SMD 0.81, 95% CI 0.08-1.53) and shorter procedural times (SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.13). Cervical preparation, however, incurred significantly more adverse effects, mainly comprising genital tract bleeding, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio 2.94, 95% CI 1.58-5.47). There were limited data regarding satisfaction, acceptability and complications. CONCLUSIONS Cervical preparation reduces pain and improves feasibility associated with outpatient hysteroscopy but increases the risk of adverse effects. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Cervical preparation before outpatient hysteroscopy reduces pain, enhances feasibility but increases adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M De Silva
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Wilson
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Carnegy
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - P P Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - T J Clark
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Ziemanski JF, Wilson L, Barnes S, Nichols KK. Saturation of cholesteryl esters produced by human meibomian gland epithelial cells after treatment with rosiglitazone. Ocul Surf 2020; 20:39-47. [PMID: 33248214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the cholesteryl ester (CE) profiles expressed from human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs) in response to rosiglitazone-induced differentiation to that of normal human meibum. METHODS HMGECs were cultured with rosiglitazone (vehicle control, 20 μM, or 50 μM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS, 2% or 10%) for 2 days or 5 days. Following culture, lipid extracts were processed and analyzed by ESI-MSMSALL in positive ion mode. CEs were identified using both LipidView 1.2 and PeakView 2.2 (SCIEX, Framingham, MA) and compared to literature reports of CEs in normal human meibum. RESULTS There were 34 CEs with carbon number ranging from 14 to 34 detected from HMGECs. Across all conditions, HMGECs provided a CE profile that was 14.0% saturated, 60.6% monounsaturated, and 25.4% polyunsaturated. Culturing with 50 μM rosiglitazone and 2% FBS for 2 days resulted in the greatest number of upregulated saturated and monounsaturated CEs and downregulated polyunsaturated CEs. Five CEs were identified as being the most responsive to 50 μM rosiglitazone: CE 24:1, CE 28:1, CE 26:1, CE 18:1, and CE 22:1. CONCLUSION Although differences in the CE profile exist between meibum and HMGECs, rosiglitazone promotes upregulation of highly expressed meibum-relevant CEs and shifts the saturation level toward a more meibum-like profile. The use of rosiglitazone as a differentiating agent is recommended in HMGEC research, and analysis by ESI-MSMSALL is encouraged to differentiate meibum-relevant CEs from other nonpolar distractors detected by vital stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian F Ziemanski
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Landon Wilson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kelly K Nichols
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Weber S, Brossier N, Prechtl A, Brosius S, Barnes S, Wilson L, Carroll S. CSIG-02. R-RAS SUBFAMILY PROTEINS ELICIT DISTINCT PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS AND PHOSPHOPROTEOME ALTERATIONS IN NEUROFIBROMIN-NULL MPNST CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Loss of the Ras GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin promotes the development of aggressive spindle cell neoplasms known as Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) in patients with the genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Currently, the available chemotherapeutic regimens and radiotherapy are ineffective against MPNSTs, so the prognosis for patients with these neoplasms is poor. Neurofibromin loss dysregulates multiple Ras proteins in the classic (H-Ras, N-Ras, K-Ras) and R-Ras (R-Ras, R-Ras2/TC21, R-Ras3/M-Ras) subfamilies. Consequently, it is unclear which Ras proteins or pathways regulated by these Ras proteins should be therapeutically targeted in MPNSTs. We have previously shown that classic Ras proteins drive MPNST cell proliferation and survival. However, the role(s) of the R-Ras subfamily of proteins in MPNSTs have not been elucidated. To determine how R-Ras proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of neurofibromin-null MPNSTs, we introduced dominant negative (DN) R-Ras mutants, which are pan-inhibitors of the R-Ras subfamily, into MPNST cells and assessed the impact of R-Ras subfamily inhibition on mitogenesis, migration and the phosphoproteome. A panel of MPNST cell lines (STS-26T, YST-1, ST88-14, 90–8, NMS2, NMS-PC, S462, T265-2c) was used. Methodologies utilized include immunoblotting, PCR, Transwell migration, 3H-thymidine incorporation, and mass spectrometric analysis of phosphoprotein-enriched specimens. We found that R-Ras and R-Ras2 are widely expressed and can be activated in neurofibromin-null MPNST cells. In contrast to classic Ras proteins, we found that R-Ras proteins drive MPNST both mitogenesis and migration. Using mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics, we identified thirteen protein networks that were regulated by DN R-Ras, including networks affecting cellular movement via effects on microtubules. We chose to further study changes in ROCK1 phosphorylation and found that R-Ras subfamily proteins function, at least in some part, through the same pathways as ROCK1. We conclude that R-Ras proteins promote tumorigenesis by regulating distinct signaling pathways that regulate MPNST mitogenesis and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Weber
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Amanda Prechtl
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven Carroll
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Gashu D, Lark RM, Milne AE, Amede T, Bailey EH, Chagumaira C, Dunham SJ, Gameda S, Kumssa DB, Mossa AW, Walsh MG, Wilson L, Young SD, Ander EL, Broadley MR, Joy EJM, McGrath SP. Spatial prediction of the concentration of selenium (Se) in grain across part of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Sci Total Environ 2020; 733:139231. [PMID: 32446063 PMCID: PMC7298608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grain and soil were sampled across a large part of Amhara, Ethiopia in a study motivated by prior evidence of selenium (Se) deficiency in the Region's population. The grain samples (teff, Eragrostis tef, and wheat, Triticum aestivum) were analysed for concentration of Se and the soils were analysed for various properties, including Se concentration measured in different extractants. Predictive models for concentration of Se in the respective grains were developed, and the predicted values, along with observed concentrations in the two grains were represented by a multivariate linear mixed model in which selected covariates, derived from remote sensor observations and a digital elevation model, were included as fixed effects. In all modelling steps the selection of predictors was done using false discovery rate control, to avoid over-fitting, and using an α-investment procedure to maximize the statistical power to detect significant relationships by ordering the tests in a sequence based on scientific understanding of the underlying processes likely to control Se concentration in grain. Cross-validation indicated that uncertainties in the empirical best linear unbiased predictions of the Se concentration in both grains were well-characterized by the prediction error variances obtained from the model. The predictions were displayed as maps, and their uncertainty was characterized by computing the probability that the true concentration of Se in grain would be such that a standard serving would not provide the recommended daily allowance of Se. The spatial variation of grain Se was substantial, concentrations in wheat and teff differed but showed the same broad spatial pattern. Such information could be used to target effective interventions to address Se deficiency, and the general procedure used for mapping could be applied to other micronutrients and crops in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gashu
- Centre for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - R M Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - A E Milne
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - T Amede
- International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, ILRI Sholla Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E H Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - C Chagumaira
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - S J Dunham
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - S Gameda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, ILRI Sholla Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - D B Kumssa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - A W Mossa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M G Walsh
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Geoscience Building Suite 201, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
| | - L Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S D Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - E L Ander
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Leicestershire NG12 5GG, UK
| | - M R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - E J M Joy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - S P McGrath
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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Gu S, Wilson L, Ladrón de Guevara P, Atanasov P. PNS9 The Potential IMPACT of External Reference Pricing Rules on Selected Drug Prices in China. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Wilson L. PRO1 The Market Access Landscape for Orphan Drugs in APAC: A Comparison of Policies in FIVE Major Markets. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Springstead MP, Zylstra AB, Kim Y, Meaney KD, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Leatherland A, Wilson L, Herrmann HW, Young CS, Polk P, Hamilton C. Solid Cherenkov detector for studying nucleosynthesis in inertial confinement fusion. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:073503. [PMID: 32752853 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring gamma rays emitted from nuclear reactions gives insight into their nuclear structure. Notably, there are several nuclear reactions that produce gamma rays at ∼1 MeV-3 MeV energies such as T(4He, γ)7Li, 4He(3He, γ)7Be, and 12C(p, γ)13N, which may solve questions lingering about big-bang nucleosynthesis and stellar nucleosynthesis. To observe 1 MeV-3 MeV gamma rays in an inertial confinement fusion system, a new style of the Cherenkov detector was developed using aerogel and fused silica as a Cherenkov medium. Utilizing the OMEGA laser facility, both aerogel and fused silica media were compared with the existing gas-medium Cherenkov detector to validate the concept. Gamma ray measurements from high yield inertial confinement fusion implosions (deuterium-tritium and deuterium-3He) demonstrated that aerogel and fused silica were viable Cherenkov media, paving the way for a potential optimized detector to make these cross section measurements on OMEGA or the National Ignition Facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Springstead
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A B Zylstra
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K D Meaney
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - A Leatherland
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - L Wilson
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C S Young
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P Polk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Sharma NS, Vestal G, Wille K, Patel KN, Cheng F, Tipparaju S, Tousif S, Banday MM, Xu X, Wilson L, Nair VS, Morrow C, Hayes D, Seyfang A, Barnes S, Deshane JS, Gaggar A. Differences in airway microbiome and metabolome of single lung transplant recipients. Respir Res 2020; 21:104. [PMID: 32375889 PMCID: PMC7201609 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that alterations in lung microbiome are associated with occurrence of chronic lung diseases and transplant rejection. To investigate the host-microbiome interactions, we characterized the airway microbiome and metabolome of the allograft (transplanted lung) and native lung of single lung transplant recipients. Methods BAL was collected from the allograft and native lungs of SLTs and healthy controls. 16S rRNA microbiome analysis was performed on BAL bacterial pellets and supernatant used for metabolome, cytokines and acetylated proline-glycine-proline (Ac-PGP) measurement by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results In our cohort, the allograft airway microbiome was distinct with a significantly higher bacterial burden and relative abundance of genera Acinetobacter & Pseudomonas. Likewise, the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine VEGF and the neutrophil chemoattractant matrikine Ac-PGP in the allograft was significantly higher. Airway metabolome distinguished the native lung from the allografts and an increased concentration of sphingosine-like metabolites that negatively correlated with abundance of bacteria from phyla Proteobacteria. Conclusions Allograft lungs have a distinct microbiome signature, a higher bacterial biomass and an increased Ac-PGP compared to the native lungs in SLTs compared to the native lungs in SLTs. Airway metabolome distinguishes the allografts from native lungs and is associated with distinct microbial communities, suggesting a functional relationship between the local microbiome and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal S Sharma
- Center for Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Thorn-908 C, 20 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Grant Vestal
- Center for Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Keith Wille
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kapil N Patel
- Center for Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Srinivas Tipparaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mudassir M Banday
- Center for Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of South Florida/Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- Metabolomics Core, Microbiome Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Viswam S Nair
- Center for Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplantation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - Casey Morrow
- Metabolomics Core, Microbiome Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Don Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andreas Seyfang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Metabolomics Core, Microbiome Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Genualdi C, Feinstein S, Wilson L, Jordan M, Stagg N. Assessing the utility of in vitro microtubule assays for studying mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy with the microtubule inhibitor class of cancer chemotherapy. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Demetriades P, Ahluwalia V, Speke L, Wilson L, Khan JN. P731 When cardiac imaging saves the day - a rare cause of embolic stroke. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder characterised by infiltration of tissues by eosinophils. Myocardial infiltration occurs in 50-60% of HES and leads to a condition called Loeffler’s endocarditis. Eosinophilic protein toxicity initiates endomyocardial necrosis. This is followed by a thrombotic stage and finally by endomyocardial fibrosis leading to a form of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Thrombosis is often located in the apical region of the ventricles and can result in stroke, which is the most devastating neurological consequence of hyperoesinophilia. We describe a case of a patient that presented with neurological symptoms and was found to have multiple embolic strokes secondary to Loeffler’s endocarditis.
CASE
A 57-year-old female presented to our institution with new onset confusion and reduced level of consciousness. Initial neurological assessment was consistent with encephalopathy. She had a 2-year history of eosinophilia that had been investigated by the haematology and rheumatology teams with no obvious aetiology identified.
Initial haematological investigations showed a raised eosinophil count at 13mmol/L. Her cerebral MRI scan showed multiple embolic infarcts and therefore a transthoracic echo (TTE) was booked. This did not show any obvious intracardiac cause of emboli although the appearances of the LV apex were suspicious of thrombus. This was confirmed later, on contrast imaging (Fig 1). Staphylococcus aureus was grown in a single blood culture specimen raising the suspicion of infective endocarditis and a transoeosophageal echocardiogram (TOE) ruled out vegetations but again illustrated the apical filling defect despite absence of wall motion abnormalities (Fig 2). Finally, a cardiac MRI was arranged and this confirmed the diagnosis of Loeffler’s endocarditis with endomyocardial fibrosis and superimposed LV thrombus (Fig 3). She was treated with anticoagulation and steroids and her eosinophil count normalised before discharge. She remains well with no recurrence at two months post-event.
DISCUSSION
The diagnosis of Loeffler’s endocarditis depends on the presence high eosinophil count in combination with cardiac involvement on imaging. Transthoracic echocardiography can provide useful information such as apical thickening and thrombus in the left ventricle. As in our case, contrast TTE often provides further detail however contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI remains a key tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of this condition. It provides an assessment of systolic and diastolic function, tissue characterisation and typical features notably endomyocardial fibrosis and thrombosis on late enhancement imaging.
CONCLUSIONS
We presented a case where cardiac imaging has revealed the diagnosis in a patient presenting with systemic symptoms. We encourage clinicians to use multi-modality cardiac imaging as this has an invaluable role in the diagnostic process of complex patients.
Abstract P731 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Demetriades
- University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - V Ahluwalia
- University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Speke
- University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L Wilson
- University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J N Khan
- University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Wong E, Chrystal K, Wilson M, Wilson L, Forgeng C, Gamet K, Stephens R. Implementation of mainstream BRCA testing in epithelial ovarian cancer in a tertiary centre. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz426.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Heaven MR, Wilson L, Barnes S, Brenner M. Relative stabilities of wild-type and mutant glial fibrillary acidic protein in patients with Alexander disease. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15604-15612. [PMID: 31484723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is an often fatal astrogliopathy caused by dominant gain-of-function missense mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene. The mechanism by which the mutations produce the AxD phenotype is not known. However, the observation that features of AxD are displayed by mice that express elevated levels of GFAP from a human WT GFAP transgene has contributed to the notion that the mutations produce AxD by increasing accumulation of total GFAP above some toxic threshold rather than the mutant GFAP being inherently toxic. A possible mechanism for accumulation of GFAP in AxD patients is that the mutated GFAP variants are more stable than the WT, an attribution abetted by observations that GFAP complexes containing GFAP variants are more resistant to solvent extraction. Here we tested this hypothesis by determining the relative levels of WT and mutant GFAP in three individuals with AxD, each of whom carried a common but different GFAP mutation (R79C, R239H, or R416W). Mass spectrometry analysis identified a peptide specific to the mutant or WT GFAP in each patient, and we quantified this peptide by comparing its signal to that of an added [15N]GFAP standard. In all three individuals, the level of mutant GFAP was less than that of the WT. This finding suggests that AxD onset is due to an intrinsic toxicity of the mutant GFAP instead of it acting indirectly by being more stable than WT GFAP and thereby increasing the total GFAP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Heaven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Landon Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Michael Brenner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Robin G, Brown E, Davis C, Bird L, Wilson L, Halperin R, Brundage M, Croke J, Caissie A. A Pan-Canadian Initiative to Increase Patient Engagement Within Radiation Oncology Programs. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Keating D, Wilson L, Williams E, Kotsimbos T, Wilson J. P259 Ivacaftor withdrawal syndrome during a randomised placebo-controlled cross-over study. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Button B, Wilson L, Finlayson F, Talbot A, Burge A, Wilson J. P232 The Alfred Wellness Score (AweScore) in adults with cystic fibrosis: stability, validity and response to pulmonary exacerbations. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bose P, Verstovsek S, Naqvi K, Jabbour E, DiNardo C, Alvarado Y, Pemmaraju N, Daver N, Kadia T, Short N, Jain N, Benton C, Takahashi K, Estrov Z, Cortes J, Nogueras-Gonzalez G, Huang X, Villarreal J, Pierce S, Wilson L, Tse S, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F. PF673 PHASE 1/2 STUDY OF RUXOLITINIB (RUX) PLUS DECITABINE (DAC) IN PATIENTS (PTS) WITH POST-MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASM ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (POST-MPN AML). Hemasphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hs9.0000560976.91141.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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