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Serritelli EN, Sartini D, Campagna R, Pozzi V, Martin NI, van Haren MJ, Salvolini E, Cecati M, Rubini C, Emanuelli M. Targeting nicotinamide N-methyltransferase decreased aggressiveness of osteosarcoma cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14185. [PMID: 38426563 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone malignancy that mostly affects young people, characterized by high metastatic potential, and a marked chemoresistance that is responsible for disease relapse in most patients. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel molecules to setup targeted strategies to improve the clinical outcome. The enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyses the N-methylation of nicotinamide and other analogs, playing a crucial role in the biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics. NNMT overexpression was reported in a wide variety of cancers, and several studies demonstrated that is able to promote cell proliferation, migration and resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to explore the potential involvement of NNMT in OS. METHODS Immunohistochemical analyses have been performed to evaluate NNMT expression in selected OS and healthy bone tissue samples. Subsequently, OS cell lines have been transfected with vectors targeting NNMT mRNA (shRNAs) and the impact of this downregulation on migration, cell proliferation, and response to chemotherapeutic treatment was also analysed by wound healing, MTT, SRB and Trypan blue assays, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that OS samples display a significantly higher NNMT expression compared with healthy tissue. Preliminary results suggest that NNMT silencing in OS cell lines is associated to a decrease of cell proliferation and migration, as well as to enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy. Data obtained showed that NNMT may represent an interesting marker for OS detection and a promising target for effective anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Serritelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - V Pozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - N I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M J van Haren
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E Salvolini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Cecati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - C Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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2
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Sartini D, Pompei V, Lucarini G, Rubini C, Molinelli E, Brisigotti V, Salvolini E, Campanati A, Offidani A, Emanuelli M. Differential expression of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in cutaneous keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:e121-e123. [PMID: 31705831 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - V Pompei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - C Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Molinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - V Brisigotti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Salvolini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Campanati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.,New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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Scarpa ES, Emanuelli M, Frati A, Pozzi V, Antonini E, Diamantini G, Di Ruscio G, Sartini D, Armeni T, Palma F, Ninfali P. Betacyanins enhance vitexin-2-O-xyloside mediated inhibition of proliferation of T24 bladder cancer cells. Food Funct 2018; 7:4772-4780. [PMID: 27812566 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Betacyanins (BC) were purified from beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. rubra L.) and tested, alone or in combination with vitexin-2-O-xyloside (XVX) from Beta vulgaris var. cicla L., for their ability to reduce the proliferation rate in T24 bladder cancer cells. Combination of BC and XVX exhibited a synergistic effect concerning the inhibition of proliferation in T24 cancer cells at 24 and 48 h but not after 72 h of incubation. The induction of apoptosis was evidenced by means of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, as well as through the increase in caspase 3 and 8 activities. Using RTqPCR experiments, it was shown that the combination of XVX + BC was able to enhance the expression levels of pro-apoptotic BAX and downregulate anti-apoptotic BIRC5 (survivin), as well as pro-survival CTNNB1 (β-catenin). The most evident effect of BC was the increase of the activity of caspase 8, leading to induction of extrinsic apoptosis. Moreover, XVX, BC and their combination showed no cytotoxic effect on normal human skin NCTC 2544 keratinocytes. These results demonstrated the efficacy and the mechanisms of the action of BC and XVX, extracted from edible plants, and suggested that a diet or a nutrition supplement, enriched with these bioactive molecules, could be used in the prevention of human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Scarpa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy and New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Frati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - V Pozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy and New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Antonini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - G Diamantini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - G Di Ruscio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - T Armeni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
| | - P Ninfali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy.
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4
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Bambini F, Santarelli A, Putignano A, Procaccini M, Orsini G, Di Iorio D, Memè L, Sartini D, Emanuelli M, Lo Muzio L. Use of supercharged cover screw as static magnetic field generator for bone healing, 2nd part: in vivo enhancement of bone regeneration in rabbits. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:481-485. [PMID: 28685556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In 1979, Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) were approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an effective method in the treatment of non-unions. As well as PEMFs, also static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been widely investigated in orthopaedic studies. Even if the exact mechanism of action is not well understood, a large number of studies showed specific effects both at cellular and tissue levels. As bone fracture healing and osseointegration share the same biological events, the application of magnetic field stimulation in order to facilitate the osseointegration process has been suggested. In this study we investigated BIC and newly formed bone volume around dental implants inserted in the tibia of New Zealand rabbits after SMF stimulation, generated by a small-customized cover-screw-shaped neodymium-iron-bore magnet placed in the inner cavity of dental implants. As a result, we found that the SMF field generated around dental implants enhanced bone healing in the animal model. Our findings represent, to our knowledge, the first ready clinical technique for dental implants showing the ability of SMF to promote the osteogenesis process in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bambini
- Department of Specialistic and Stomatological Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Santarelli
- Department of Specialistic and Stomatological Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Putignano
- Department of Specialistic and Stomatological Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Procaccini
- Department of Specialistic and Stomatological Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Orsini
- Department of Specialistic and Stomatological Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Di Iorio
- Department of medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti University, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Memè
- Department of Specialistic and Stomatological Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Sartini
- Department of Specialistic and Stomatological Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Specialistic and Stomatological Clinical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
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5
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Cecati M, Sartini D, Campagna R, Biagini A, Ciavattini A, Emanuelli M, Giannubilo SR. Molecular analysis of endometrial inflammation in preterm birth. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2017; 63:51-57. [PMID: 28466813 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/14/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) represents the 35%-45% of all preterm birth (PTB) cases and its etiology is unknown. We investigated if the expression level of endometrial cytokines and angiogenetic factors is related to the onset of sPTB.Endometrial tissues from non-pregnant women who experienced sPTB and from non-pregnant women who did not experience sPTB were collected and examined for their expression profile. With this aim, the PCR Array analysis was performed and data were confirmed by Real-Time PCR. Differential gene expression measurements (pathological vs control tissues) showed a significant up-regulation for genes codifying for two angiogenetic factors known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and coagulation factor III (F3). An increased level of expression was detected both for tyrosine kinase endothelial (TEK) and for transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) genes but without reaching the statistical significance. The expression level of interleukin 10 receptor alpha (IL10RA) gene was slightly decreased in pathological group compared to control one but, as well as forTEK and TGF-β2 measurements, without reaching the statistical significance. Our work is the first to correlate the imbalance in endometrial district of non -pregnant women with sPTB. These data could suggest a new point of view whence to read sPTB. We need additional clinical and biological studies to clarify sPTB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - D Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - R Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A Biagini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - A Ciavattini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - S R Giannubilo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Ranieri 65, I-60131 Ancona, Italy
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6
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Bambini F, Santarelli A, Putignano A, Procaccini M, Orsini G, Memè L, Sartini D, Emanuelli M, Lo Muzio L. Use of supercharged cover screw as static magnetic field generator for bone healing, 1st part: in vitro enhancement of osteoblast-like cell differentiation. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:215-220. [PMID: 28337895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Since 1979, Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an effective method in the treatment of non-unions. As well as PEMFs, also static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been widely investigated in orthopaedic studies. Even if the exact mechanism of action is not well understood, a large number of studies showed specific effects both at cellular and tissue levels. As bone fracture healing and osseointegration share the same biological events, the application of magnetic field stimulation in order to facilitate the osseointegration process has been suggested. In this study we investigated the proliferation rate and gene expression profile of MG63 osteoblastic-like cells after a 24, 48 and 72-hour SMF stimulation, generated by a small, customized cover screw-shaped neodymium-iron-bore magnet placed in the inner cavity of a dental implant. As a result, we found that the application of a SMF to osteoblastic-like cells does slightly decrease cell proliferation rate while enhancing the expression of those genes correlated to differentiation and mineralization. Our findings represent, to our knowledge, the first clinical ready technique for dental implants showing the ability of SMF to promote the osteogenesis process in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bambini
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Santarelli
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Putignano
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Procaccini
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Orsini
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Memè
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - D Sartini
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinic Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Lo Muzio
- Department of Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
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7
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Bambini F, Pellecchia M, Memè L, Santarelli A, Emanuelli M, Procaccini M, Muzio LL. Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Peri-Implant Soft Tissues: A Preliminary Study on Humans Using CDNA Microarray Technology. EUR J INFLAMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0700500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosa around implants and the gingiva around teeth respond to plaque formation with the development of an inflammatory lesion which has similar magnitude and histological features. Different cell types in inflamed and healthy periodontal and peri-implant tissues are capable of producing a variety of important pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors which mediate the host response. The aim of this study is to compare the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines detectable in the peri-implant soft tissue of two single-implant crowns supported either by zirconia or titanium abutments. Two frozen samples of peri-implant soft tissue of two single-implant crowns supported either by zirconia or titanium abutments were treated to obtain mRNA. The mRNA extracted from these specimens was converted in cDNA and analyzed with “SuperArray GEArray Q Series Human Inflammatory Cytokine/Receptor Gene Array kit”, planned for studying 96 genes involved in inflammatory response. Data showed that gene expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were higher in specimens sampled from the zirconia abutment compared with those from the titanium abutment. It was considered important to detect the mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory mediators in healthy peri-implant tissues to verify the biological tolerability of zirconia compared with titanium abutments. The difference detected in cytokine expression could be due to the intrinsic biological tolerability of zirconia ceramics or to a lesser bacterial accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Emanuelli
- Istituto di Biotecnologie Biochimiche, University of Ancona, Ancona
| | | | - L. Lo Muzio
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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8
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Lo Muzio L, Santarelli A, Emanuelli M, Pierella F, Sartini D, Staibano S, Rubini C, De Rosa G. Genetic Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by cDNA Microarrays Focused Apoptotic Pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 19:675-82. [PMID: 17026852 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated mRNA expression of the genes involved in the apoptotic mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by cDNA microarray. The aim of this study was to identify genes mainly involved in tumorigenesis, comparing the difference of gene expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues. Eight frozen samples of OSCC and the corresponding normal oral mucosa were treated to obtain mRNA. The mRNA extracted from these specimens was converted into cDNA and analyzed with “SuperArray GEArray Q Series Human Apoptosis Gene Array kit”. Our results showed that in OSCC there is a different expression of CRADD, FADD, ATM and APAF-1 genes compared to normal mucosa. Real-Time PCR, and Western blot analysis were performed on a separate cohort of patients in order to confirm the results obtained by DNA microarray. Our analysis of apoptotic process through microarray technology confirmed that different molecules could be responsible or favour the imbalance of apoptosis in cancer tissues. Microarray technology has made it possible to analyze the expression of multiple genes in a single experiment. However, most commercial array kits, designed to include as many genes as possible, produce a vast amount of data that often is difficult to interpret. In addition, the cost of equipment is often prohibitive. In contrast, the focused kit used was a complete, affordable and effective method to improve knowledge of molecular specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lo Muzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Foggia, Italy.
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9
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Sartini D, Lo Muzio L, Morganti S, Pozzi V, Di Ruscio G, Rocchetti R, Rubini C, Santarelli A, Emanuelli M. Pokemon proto-oncogene in oral cancer: potential role in the early phase of tumorigenesis. Oral Dis 2015; 21:462-9. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sartini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - L Lo Muzio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università degli Studi di Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - S Morganti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - V Pozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - G Di Ruscio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - R Rocchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - C Rubini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Sanità Pubblica; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - A Santarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. - I.N.R.C.A.; Ancona Italy
| | - M Emanuelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche e Odontostomatologiche; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona Italy
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Ganzetti G, Campanati A, Santarelli A, Pozzi V, Molinelli E, Minnetti I, Brisigotti V, Procaccini M, Emanuelli M, Offidani A. Involvement of the oral cavity in psoriasis: results of a clinical study. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:282-5. [PMID: 25078556 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Ganzetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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11
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Meme L, Santarelli A, Marzo G, Emanuelli M, Nocini PF, Bertossi D, Putignano A, Dioguardi M, Lo Muzio L, Bambini F. Novel hydroxyapatite biomaterial covalently linked to raloxifene. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 27:437-44. [PMID: 25280036 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since raloxifene, a drug used in osteoporosis therapy, inhibits osteoclast, but not osteoblast functions, it has been suggested to improve recovery during implant surgery. The present paper describes an effective method to link raloxifene, through a covalent bond, to a nano-Hydroxyapatite-based biomaterial by interfacing with (3-aminopropyl)-Triethoxysilane as assessed by Infra Red-Fourier Transformed (IR-FT) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). To evaluate the safety of this modified new material, the vitality of osteoblast-like cells cultured with the new biomaterial was then investigated. Raloxifene-conjugated HAbiomaterial has been shown to be a safe material easy to obtain which could be an interesting starting point for the use of a new functional biomaterial suitable in bone regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Meme
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Marzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - P F Nocini
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Bertossi
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Putignano
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Dioguardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - F Bambini
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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12
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Tossetta G, Paolinelli F, Avellini C, Salvolini E, Ciarmela P, Lorenzi T, Emanuelli M, Toti P, Giuliante R, Gesuita R, Crescimanno C, Voltolini C, Di Primio R, Petraglia F, Castellucci M, Marzioni D. IL-1β and TGF-β weaken the placental barrier through destruction of tight junctions: an in vivo and in vitro study. Placenta 2014; 35:509-16. [PMID: 24768095 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chorioamnionitis is a gestational pathological condition characterized by acute inflammation of the amniochorionic membranes and placentas leading to high concentrations of IL-1β, Il-6, Il-8 and TGF-β in the amniotic fluid. In normal conditions, the permeability of foeto-maternal barrier is due to the assembly and maintenance of different cellular junctional domains. METHODS In the present study, first we aimed to evaluate the protein expression (by immunohistochemistry and western blotting) and mRNA (by real time PCR) levels of the molecular components of tight junctions (Zonula occludens-1 and occludin), and of adherent junctions (VE-cadherin and β-catenin) in placentas from chorioamnionitis compared to that in normal pregnancies. RESULTS Western blotting results showed a significant down-regulation of occludin in placentas affected with chorioamnionitis. No differences were detected for the other proteins analysed. We evaluated whether occludin expression was regulated by IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-β by means of in vitro studies using HUVEC cultures and demonstrated a key role of IL-1β and TGF-β in the disappearance of occludin at cellular border. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by suggesting a pivotal role of these two cytokines in facilitating intra-placental infection via para-cellular way due to the disassembly of tight junctions at trophoblastic and endothelial cells in placental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - F Paolinelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - C Avellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - E Salvolini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences-Histology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - P Ciarmela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - T Lorenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - P Toti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Pathology Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - R Giuliante
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - R Gesuita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Epidemiological and Bio-statistic Centre, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - C Crescimanno
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Physical Education, Università Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - C Voltolini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine-Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - R Di Primio
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences-Histology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - F Petraglia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine-Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - M Castellucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
| | - D Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
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Muzio LL, Santarelli A, Orsini G, Memè L, Mattioli-Belmonte M, De Florio I, Gatto R, Gallusi G, Nocini P, Bertossi D, Emanuelli M, Putignano A, Bambini F. MG63 and MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cell Lines Response to Raloxifene. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption in edentulous regions often results in inadequate ridge for implant osseointegration. In order to overcome this problem, the use of osteoconductive biomaterials has been proposed as a carrier for different types of pharmacological molecules. Since raloxifene, a drug used in osteoporosis therapy, inhibits the osteoclast, but not osteoblast functions, it has been suggested to improve recovery during implant surgery. The present work evaluated in vitro the effect of raloxifene on two different cell populations: the human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and osteoblasts derived from rat calvaria (MC3T3-E1). The morpho-functional investigations carried out showed a different behavior of the two cell lines. Raloxifene showed a stimulatory effect towards MG63 cell proliferation with a significant increase in cell viability after 7 days of culture. On the contrary, MC3T3-E1 cells showed a significant reduction in cell viability, when compared with the same cells at 72 h, or with the control cell population. The predominantly proliferative effect of raloxifene on MG63 cells is partly confirmed by the reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation. The different effect of raloxifene on osteoblastic population in relationship to the type and age of the cell is an issue that needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
| | - A. Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Odontostomatologic Clinic, National Institute of Care and Research on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - G. Orsini
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - L. Memè
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - M. Mattioli-Belmonte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - I. De Florio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R. Gatto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G. Gallusi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P.F. Nocini
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D. Bertossi
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M. Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Putignano
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - F. Bambini
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Stomatological Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Odontostomatologic Clinic, National Institute of Care and Research on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
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14
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Cecati M, Emanuelli M, Giannubilo SR, Quarona V, Senetta R, Malavasi F, Tranquilli AL, Saccucci F. Contribution of adenosine-producing ectoenzymes to the mechanisms underlying the mitigation of maternal-fetal conflicts. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:519-529. [PMID: 23830401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interactions taking place between mother and embryo have been the focus of detailed studies in recent years, where pregnancy is considered as an in vivo transplant. The immune systems of the mother and the embryo together establish a condition of tolerance, which lasts throughout the pregnancy. Alongside immunogenetic components, a contribution is provided by the ectoenzyme network, a chain of surface molecules mainly operating in closed environments and potentially providing inhibitory or activator signals. One of the soluble products of the ectoenzyme network with immunosuppressory potential is adenosine, a purine nucleoside that plays multiple roles in almost all tissues and organs. The hypothesis behind the work was studied in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), an event which remains unexplained in over 50 percent of cases. To this aim, we analyzed the expression of CD39 (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, ENTPD1) and CD73 (ecto-5-nucleotidase, NT5E), the main pathway for adenosine generation, in samples obtained from women with RPL. The study included the evaluation of the expression of TNF-alpha (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and of an alternative pathway of adenosine generation run by CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase) and PC-1 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, ENPP1). The results of this study highlight the existence of a network of surface enzymes expressed at the maternal/fetal interface and addressed to the production of adenosine. Perturbation of this network may induce a rescue pathway driven by CD38 and ENPP1. Ectoenzyme and inflammation may be considered now key elements in orchestrating the events leading to the interruption of pregnancy in the RPL sample analyzed and at the same potentially becoming therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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15
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Mazzanti L, Vignini A, Nanetti L, Cecati M, Raffaelli F, Giannubilo SR, Emanuelli M, Saccucci F, Tranquilli AL. PP073. Gestational hypertension: A study on placental expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase and no metabolism. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 2:280-1. [PMID: 26105394 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is one of the most common medical disorders in pregnancy and a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and death. In primates adequate development of the embryo, and later of the fetus, depends on a successful hemomonochorial placentation. Nitric oxide (NO) a low molecular weight mediator, induces vasodilatation, inhibits platelet aggregation, and prevents the adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells. Till date, no data are available regarding gestational hypertension (GH) placenta and no metabolism and related enzyme expression and activity. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate eNOS and iNOS expression in the placentas of both normal and GH patients, by means of Real-Time quantitative PCR, measure placental nitric oxide and peroxynitrite levels in the same group of subjects, and correlate such findings with HELLP group already published. METHODS Fifteen patients with gestational hypertension and thirty healthy pregnant controls comparable for maternal and gestational age were enrolled in the study. Placental tissue was taken immediately after delivery. eNOS and iNOS mRNA levels were evaluated Real-Time quantitative PCR, whereas nitric oxide and peroxynitrite production was measured by a commercially available kit. RESULTS Placental eNOS and iNOS mRNA levels were significantly reduced in GH (2,02-fold reduction and 2,33-fold reduction, respectively) when compared to controls. Conversely, NO and ONOO(-) production were significantly higher in GH group compared to control group (31.56±4.15nmol NO/mg prot vs. 23.98±5.14nmol NO/mg prot and 68.49±8.57 arbitrary fluorescence units vs 17.31±2.25 arbitrary fluorescence units; p<0, 05). Such results were compared to HELLP group obtained in an already published study. CONCLUSION As from results herein reported, we can hypothesize that complex mechanisms involving NO pathways cause a placental vasculature damage. However, it is not easy to understand if these changes could be interpreted as causes or consequences of this pathologic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mazzanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biology, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Vignini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biology, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Nanetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biology, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Cecati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biology, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Raffaelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biology, Ancona, Italy
| | - S R Giannubilo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Woman Health Science, Università Politecnica Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biology, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Saccucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry and Biology, Ancona, Italy
| | - A L Tranquilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Woman Health Science, Università Politecnica Marche, Ancona, Italy
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16
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Vignini A, Sartini D, Morganti S, Nanetti L, Luzzi S, Provinciali L, Mazzanti L, Emanuelli M. Platelet amyloid precursor protein isoform expression in Alzheimer's disease: evidence for peripheral marker. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:529-34. [PMID: 21658330 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive cognitive and memory decline. Among peripheral markers of AD, great interest has been focused on the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In this regard, platelets represent an important peripheral source of APP since it has been demonstrated that the three major isoforms, that are constituted of 770, 751 and 695 aa residues, are inserted in the membrane of resting platelets. APP 751 and APP 770 contain a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor domain (APP KPI) and APP 695 lacks this domain. To address this issue, we first examined the platelet APP isoform mRNAs prospectively as biomarker for the diagnosis of AD by means of real-time quantitative PCR, and then evaluated the correlation between APP mRNA expression levels and cognitive impairment of enrolled subjects. Differential gene expression measurements in the AD patient group (n=18) revealed a significant up-regulation of APP TOT (1.52-fold), APP KPI (1.32-fold), APP 770 (1.33-fold) and APP 751 (1.26-fold) compared to controls (n=22). Moreover, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between APP mRNA levels (TOT, KPI, 770 and 751) and cognitive impairment. Since AD definitive diagnosis still relies on pathological evaluation at autopsy, the present results are consistent with the hypothesis that platelet APP could be considered a potential reliable peripheral marker for studying AD and could contribute to define a signature for the presence of AD pathology.
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17
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Orciani M, Morabito C, Emanuelli M, Guarnieri S, Sartini D, Giannubilo SR, Di Primio R, Tranquilli AL, Mariggiò MA. Neurogenic potential of mesenchymal-like stem cells from human amniotic fluid: the influence of extracellular growth factors. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2011; 25:115-130. [PMID: 21382281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic fluids contain human stem cells, among which mesenchymal stem cells could be isolated. These cells have multipotent differentiation ability and no tumorigenic potential after transplantation in mice. These features make them good candidates for in vitro studies and for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to isolate mesenchymal stem cell-like cultures from different amniotic fluids in order to study in vitro their neurogenic potential and assess if this process could be reproducible and standardized. We focused attention on the possible differential effects of soluble growth factors. Immunophenotypical and molecular characterization showed that the 31 amniotic fluid-derived cultures expressed mesenchymal markers as well as some stemness properties. These cells also appeared to be responsive to purines or acetylcholine showing an intracellular calcium increase, also reported for mesenchymal stem cells derived from other sources. Interestingly, in the presence of retinoic acid, these cells assumed a neuronal-like morphology. In addition, functional and molecular analyses revealed that retinoic acid-treated cells showed immature electric functional properties, the expression of neuronal markers and stemness genes. In conclusion, even if further investigations are required, the results presented here contribute to support the finding that amniotic fluid contains cells able to differentiate in vitro towards neural-like lineage in the presence of retinoic acid. The ability of retinoic acid to induce a possible neuronal progenitor culture makes the model useful to study a possible in vivo transplantation of these cells and to contribute to define the protocols for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orciani
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies-Histology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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18
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Orciani M, Emanuelli M, Martino C, Pugnaloni A, Tranquilli A, Di Primio R. Potential Role of Culture Mediums for Successful Isolation and Neuronal Differentiation of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2008; 21:595-602. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of stem cells has generated increasing interest in regenerative medicine and cancer therapies. The most potent stem cells derive from the inner cell mass during embryonic development and their use yields serious ethical and methodological problems. Recently, a number of reports suggests that another suitable source of multipotent stem cells may be the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) are capable of extensive self-renewal, able to differentiate in specialized cells representative of all three germ layers, do not show ethical restriction, and display minimal risks of teratomas and a very low immunogenity. For all these reasons, amniotic fluid appears as a promising alternative source for stem cell therapy. Their recent discovery implies a lack of knowledge of their specific features as well as the existence of a protocol universally recognized as the most suitable for their isolation, growth and long-term conservation. In this study, we isolated stem cells from six amniotic fluids; these cells were cultured with three different culture mediums [Mesenchymal Stem Cell Medium (MSCGM), PC-1 and RPMI-1640], characterized by cytofluorimetric analysis, and then either frozen or induced to neuronal differentiation. Even if the immunophenotype seemed not to be influenced by culture medium (all six samples cultured in the above-mentioned mediums expressed surface antigens commonly found on stem cells), cells showed different abilities to differentiate into neuron-like cells and to re-start the culture after short-long-term storage. Cells isolated and cultured in MSCGM showed the highest proliferation rate, and formed neuron-like cells when sub-plated with neuronal differentiation medium. Cells from PC-1, on the contrary, displayed an increased ability to re-start culture after short-long term storage. Finally, cells from RPMI-1640, even if expressing stem cells markers, were not able to differentiate in neuron-like cells. Further studies are still needed in order to assess the effective role of culture medium for a successful isolation, growth, differentiation and storage of AFMSCs, but our data underline the importance of finding a universally accepted protocol for the use of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Emanuelli
- Institute of Biochemical Biotechnologies, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona
| | - C. Martino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marche Polytechnic University, Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - A.L. Tranquilli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marche Polytechnic University, Salesi Hospital, Ancona, Italy
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19
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Pannone G, Sanguedolce F, De Maria S, Farina E, Lo Muzio L, Serpico R, Emanuelli M, Rubini C, De Rosa G, Staibano S, Macchia L, Bufo P. Cyclooxygenase isozymes in oral squamous cell carcinoma:a real-time RT-PCR study with clinic pathological correlations. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 20:317-24. [PMID: 17624243 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COX-2 expression in tumour cells has been associated with carcinogenesis in many human neoplasms, including head and neck cancer, while the COX-1 isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme is constitutively expressed in normal tissues. We measured COX-1 and COX-2 m-RNA expression in samples of both oral cancer and matched oral mucosa from 22 patients by RealTime RT-PCR; clinic pathological data (grading, TNM staging, inflammation, follow-up) of all patients were available for statistical evaluation. Most of the tumor samples in our study expressed at least one cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1 or COX-2 mRNA) more than their matched normal oral mucosa (p<0.05), with no correlation with the entity of inflammation, and a significant inverse relationship was found between COX-1 and COX-2 in each sample. Higher levels of COX-2 expression were associated with poor disease-free survival (p<0.05), but not with overall survival and higher tumor stage and grade. Our results suggest that COX-1 may play a role in oral carcinogenesis, and could be regarded as a potential therapeutic target by chemo preventive drugs; moreover, COX-2 expression might be addressed as a new prognostic tool in the clinical management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pannone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Foggia, Italy
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20
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Emanuelli M, Giannubilo SR, Landi B, Sartini D, Pierella F, Corradetti A, Tranquilli AL. Placental overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta3 in the HELLP syndrome. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2007; 65:1-5. [PMID: 17671384 DOI: 10.1159/000106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the placental expression of transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3) in patients with HELLP syndrome and pre-eclampsia compared to controls, and its correlation to Doppler velocimetry analysis of the utero-placental blood flow. STUDY DESIGN Real-time PCR analysis was performed, after cesarean section, in placental samples from 10 women affected by HELLP syndrome, 10 women with pre-eclampsia and 10 controls. Pulsatility indices on Doppler waveform analysis from uterine and umbilical arteries were measured. RESULTS The mean TGF-beta3 expression was significantly higher in patients with HELLP syndrome compared with the control group (p < 0.001), and no difference was observed in the pre-eclampsia group. TGF-beta3 expression correlated positively with umbilical PI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TGF-beta3 may play a key role as regulator of a variety of cellular events occurring during HELLP syndrome, high local expression of this growth factor may be responsible for remodeling of the placental structure, which results in the dysfunction of maternal-fetal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emanuelli
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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21
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Abstract
The enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), a member of the nucleotidyltransferase alpha/beta phosphodiesterase superfamily, catalyzes the reaction NMN + ATP = NAD + PPi, representing the final step in the biosynthesis of NAD, a molecule playing a fundamental role as a cofactor in cellular redox reactions. NAD also serves as the substrate for reactions involved in important regulatory roles, such as protein covalent modifications, like ADP-ribosylation reactions, as well as Sir2 histone deacetylase, a recently discovered class of enzymes involved in the regulation of gene silencing. This overview describes the most recent findings on NMNATs from bacteria, archaea, yeast, animal and human sources, with detailed consideration of their major kinetic, molecular and structural features. On this regard, the different characteristics exhibited by the enzyme from the various species are highlighted. The possibility that NMNAT may represent an interesting candidate as a target for the rational design of selective chemotherapeutic agents has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Magni
- Istituto di Biotecnologie Biochimiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
This review describes the enzymes involved in human pyridine nucleotide metabolism starting with a detailed consideration of their major kinetic, molecular and structural properties. The presentation encompasses all the reactions starting from the de novo pyridine ring formation and leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) synthesis and utilization. The regulation of NAD(+) homeostasis with respect to the physiological role played by the enzymes both utilizing NAD(+) through the nonredox NAD(+)-dependent reactions and catalyzing the recycling of the common product, nicotinamide, is discussed. The salient features of other enzymes such as NAD(+) pyrophosphatase, nicotinamide mononucleotide 5'-nucleotidase, nicotinamide riboside kinase and nicotinamide riboside phosphorylase, described under 'miscellaneous', are likewise presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Magni
- Istituto di Biotecnologie Biochimiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 69, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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23
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Mack TG, Reiner M, Beirowski B, Mi W, Emanuelli M, Wagner D, Thomson D, Gillingwater T, Court F, Conforti L, Fernando FS, Tarlton A, Andressen C, Addicks K, Magni G, Ribchester RR, Perry VH, Coleman MP. Wallerian degeneration of injured axons and synapses is delayed by a Ube4b/Nmnat chimeric gene. Nat Neurosci 2001; 4:1199-206. [PMID: 11770485 DOI: 10.1038/nn770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Axons and their synapses distal to an injury undergo rapid Wallerian degeneration, but axons in the C57BL/WldS mouse are protected. The degenerative and protective mechanisms are unknown. We identified the protective gene, which encodes an N-terminal fragment of ubiquitination factor E4B (Ube4b) fused to nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (Nmnat), and showed that it confers a dose-dependent block of Wallerian degeneration. Transected distal axons survived for two weeks, and neuromuscular junctions were also protected. Surprisingly, the Wld protein was located predominantly in the nucleus, indicating an indirect protective mechanism. Nmnat enzyme activity, but not NAD+ content, was increased fourfold in WldS tissues. Thus, axon protection is likely to be mediated by altered ubiquitination or pyridine nucleotide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Mack
- Center for Molecular Medicine (ZMMK) and Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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24
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Raffaelli N, Lorenzi T, Emanuelli M, Amici A, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Nicotinamide-mononucleotide adenylyltransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus. Methods Enzymol 2001; 331:281-92. [PMID: 11265470 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(01)31065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Raffaelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Universita di Ancona, Ancona 60131, Italy
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25
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Raffaelli N, Pisani FM, Lorenzi T, Emanuelli M, Amici A, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Nicotinamide-mononucleotide adenylyltransferase from Methanococcus jannaschii. Methods Enzymol 2001; 331:292-8. [PMID: 11265471 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(01)31066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Raffaelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Universita di Ancona, Ancona 60131, Italy
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26
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Emanuelli M, Carnevali F, Saccucci F, Pierella F, Amici A, Raffaelli N, Magni G. Molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, tissue mRNA levels, bacterial expression, and enzymatic properties of human NMN adenylyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:406-12. [PMID: 11027696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 1329-base pair clone isolated from a human placenta cDNA library contains a full-length 837-base pair coding region for a 31.9-kDa protein whose deduced primary structure exhibits high homology to consensus sequences found in other NMN adenylyltransferases. Northern blotting detected a major 3.1-kilobase mRNA transcript as well as a minor 4.1-kilobase transcript in all human tissues examined. In several cancer cell lines, lower levels of mRNA expression were clearly evident. The gene encoding the human enzyme was mapped to chromosome band 1p32-35. High efficiency bacterial expression yielded 1.5 mg of recombinant enzyme/liter of culture medium. The molecular and kinetic properties of recombinant human NMN adenylyltransferase provide new directions for investigating metabolic pathways involving this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emanuelli
- Istituti di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Ancona, via Ranieri, 60100 Ancona, Italy
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27
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Amici A, Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Saccucci F, Magni G. Human erythrocyte pyrimidine 5-nucleotidase, PN-I, is identical to p36, a protein associated to lupus inclusion formation in response to alpha-interferon. Blood 2000; 96:1596-8. [PMID: 10942414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocyte maturation is accompanied by RNA degradation and release of mononucleotides. We have previously purified PN-I, a pyrimidine nucleotidase whose deficiency is associated with hemolytic anemia. Computer-aided analysis of PN-I tryptic and CNBr peptide sequences revealed substantial identity with tryptic peptide sequences reported for p36, an alpha-interferon-induced protein. PN-I partial sequences were matched through the expressed sequence tag database with different human complementary DNA (cDNA) clones, whose sequences were exploited to screen a human placenta cDNA library. PN-I cDNA, coding for a 286-residue protein, was expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding a fully active recombinant enzyme. The recombinant protein sequence comprised the peptide sequences determined for PN-I and p36. Rabbit antisera raised against two peptides deriving from p36 and PN-I tryptic digestions, respectively, recognized both wild-type and recombinant PN-I. Molecular properties of the two proteins were essentially the same. We conclude that p36 and PN-I are identical proteins. (Blood. 2000;96:1596-1598)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amici
- Istituto di Biochimica and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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Raffaelli N, Lorenzi T, Mariani PL, Emanuelli M, Amici A, Ruggieri S, Magni G. The Escherichia coli NadR regulator is endowed with nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase activity. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:5509-11. [PMID: 10464228 PMCID: PMC94063 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.17.5509-5511.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first identification and characterization of a catalytic activity associated with NadR protein is reported. A computer-aided search for sequence similarity revealed the presence in NadR of a 29-residue region highly conserved among known nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferases. The Escherichia coli nadR gene was cloned into a T7-based vector and overexpressed. In addition to functionally specific DNA binding properties, the homogeneous recombinant protein catalyzes NAD synthesis from nicotinamide mononucleotide and ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raffaelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Ancona, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Emanuelli M, Carnevali F, Lorenzi M, Raffaelli N, Amici A, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Identification and characterization of YLR328W, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae structural gene encoding NMN adenylyltransferase. Expression and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. FEBS Lett 1999; 455:13-7. [PMID: 10428462 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1) catalyzes the transfer of the adenylyl moiety of ATP to NMN to form NAD. A new purification procedure for NMN adenylyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae provided sufficient amounts of enzyme for tryptic fragmentation. Through data-base search a full matching was found between the sequence of tryptic fragments and the sequence of a hypothetical protein encoded by the S. cerevisiae YLR328W open reading frame (GenBank accession number U20618). The YLR328W gene was isolated, cloned into a T7-based vector and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells, yielding a high level of NMN adenylyltransferase activity. The purification of recombinant protein, by a two-step chromatographic procedure, resulted in a single polypeptide of 48 kDa under SDS-PAGE, in agreement with the molecular mass of the hypothetical protein encoded by YLR328W ORF. The N-terminal sequence of the purified recombinant NMN adenylyltransferase exactly corresponds to the predicted sequence. Molecular and kinetic properties of recombinant NMN adenylyltransferase are reported and compared with those already known for the enzyme obtained from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emanuelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
Beyond its role as an essential coenzyme in numerous oxidoreductase reactions as well as respiration, there is growing recognition that NAD+ fulfills many other vital regulatory functions both as a substrate and as an allosteric effector. This review describes the enzymes involved in pyridine nucleotide metabolism, starting with a detailed consideration of the anaerobic and aerobic pathways leading to quinolinate, a key precursor of NAD+. Conversion of quinolinate and 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate to NAD+ and diphosphate by phosphoribosyltransferase is then explored before proceeding to a discussion the molecular and kinetic properties of NMN adenylytransferase. The salient features of NAD+ synthetase as well as NAD+ kinase are likewise presented. The remainder of the review encompasses the metabolic steps devoted to (a) the salvaging of various niacin derivatives, including the roles played by NAD+ and NADH pyrophosphatases, nicotinamide deamidase, and NMN deamidase, and (b) utilization of niacins by nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Magni
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Amici A, Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Pyrimidine nucleotidases/phosphotransferases from human erythrocyte. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:853-5. [PMID: 10432693 DOI: 10.1080/15257779908041580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two cytoplasmic pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase have been purified from human erythrocytes to homogeneity and partially characterized. The two enzymes, indicated as PN-I and PN-II, preferentially hydrolyse pyrimidine 5'-monophosphates and 3'-monophosphates, respectively. The kinetic analysis demonstrate that pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidases, in the presence of suitable nucleoside substrates, can operate as phosphotransferases by transferring phosphate to various nucleoside acceptors, including nucleoside analogues known as important drugs widely used in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amici
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Raffaelli N, Emanuelli M, Pisani FM, Amici A, Lorenzi T, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Identification of the archaeal NMN adenylytransferase gene. Mol Cell Biochem 1999; 193:99-102. [PMID: 10331644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the importance of fluctuations in NAD+ levels in the living cell is accumulating. Therefore a deeper knowledge on the regulation of coenzyme synthesis and recycling is required. In this context the study of NMN adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1),. a key enzyme in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway, assumes a remarkable relevance. We have previously purified to homogeneity and characterized the protein from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. The determination of partial sequence of the S. solfataricus enzyme, together with the recent availability of the genome sequence of the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii, allowed us, based on sequence similarity, to identify the M. jannaschii NMN adenylyltransferase gene. As far as we know from literature, this is the first report on the NMN adenylyltransferase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raffaelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Raffaelli N, Lorenzi T, Amici A, Emanuelli M, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Synechocystis sp. slr0787 protein is a novel bifunctional enzyme endowed with both nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase and 'Nudix' hydrolase activities. FEBS Lett 1999; 444:222-6. [PMID: 10050763 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Synechocystis sp. slr0787 open reading frame encodes a 339 residue polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 38.5 kDa. Its deduced amino acid sequence shows extensive homology with known separate sequences of proteins from the thermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii. The N-terminal domain is highly homologous to the archaeal NMN adenylyltransferase, which catalyzes NAD synthesis from NMN and ATP. The C-terminal domain shares homology with the archaeal ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase, a member of the 'Nudix' hydrolase family. The slr0787 gene has been cloned into a T7-based vector for expression in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant protein has been purified to homogeneity and demonstrated to possess both NMN adenylyltransferase and ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase activities. Both activities have been characterized and compared to their archaeal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raffaelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Ancona, Italy
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Amici A, Emanuelli M, Magni G, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S. Pyrimidine nucleotidases from human erythrocyte possess phosphotransferase activities specific for pyrimidine nucleotides. FEBS Lett 1997; 419:263-7. [PMID: 9428647 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two cytoplasmic forms of pyrimidine nucleotidase (PN-I and PN-II) have been purified from human erythrocytes to apparent homogeneity and partially characterized. They preferentially hydrolyse pyrimidine 5'-monophosphates and 3'-monophosphates respectively. PN-I and PN-II operate as interconverting activities, capable of transferring the phosphate from the pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate donor(s) to various nucleoside acceptors, including important drugs like 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-thymidine (AZT), cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside (AraC) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxy-uridine (5FdUrd), pyrimidine analogues widely used in chemotherapy. Kinetic analysis showed linear behaviour for both PN-I and PN-II. PN-I phosphotransferase activity revealed higher affinity for oxynucleosides with respect to deoxy-nucleosides, whereas the contrary seems to be true for PN-II. These results show for the first time that soluble pyrimidine nucleotidases are endowed with pyrimidine-specific phosphotransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amici
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Raffaelli N, Pisani FM, Lorenzi T, Emanuelli M, Amici A, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Characterization of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase from thermophilic archaea. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:7718-23. [PMID: 9401030 PMCID: PMC179734 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.24.7718-7723.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1) catalyzes the synthesis of NAD+ and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide. It has been purified to homogeneity from cellular extracts of the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Through a database search, a highly significant match was found between its N-terminal sequence and a hypothetical protein coded by the thermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii MJ0541 open reading frame (GenBank accession no. U67503). The MJ0541 gene was isolated, cloned into a T7-based vector, and expressed in Escherichia coli cells, yielding a high level of thermophilic NMN adenylyltransferase activity. The expressed protein was purified to homogeneity by a single-step chromatographic procedure. Both the subunit molecular mass and the N-terminal sequence of the pure recombinant protein were as expected from the deduced amino acid sequence of the MJ0541 open reading frame-encoded protein. Molecular and kinetic properties of the enzymes from both archaea are reported and compared with those already known for the mesophilic eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raffaelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Magni G, Raffaelli N, Emanuelli M, Amici A, Natalini P, Ruggieri S. Nicotinamide-mononucleotide adenylyltransferases from yeast and other microorganisms. Methods Enzymol 1997; 280:248-55. [PMID: 9211320 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(97)80116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Magni
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- G Magni
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Piattelli A, Emanuelli M, Scarano A, Trisi P. A histologic study of nonsubmerged titanium plasma-sprayed screw implants retrieved from a patient: a case report. INT J PERIODONT REST 1996; 16:138-47. [PMID: 9084302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors report on the microscopic findings in two plasma-sprayed nonsubmerged implants retrieved from a patient 6 months after placement. One of the implants had been loaded for 3 months, while the other was left unloaded. Clinically, the peri-implant gingival tissues were in good health. The implants were sectioned according to the cutting-grinding system. Bone lined the titanium surface almost completely with 77.3% +/- 5.1% of contact in the unloaded implant and 86.5% +/- 3.3% of contact in the loaded implant. Signs of bone resorption with many macrophages and osteoclasts were present in the loaded implant, while in the unloaded implant only osteoclast resorption activity was demonstrable.
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Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Amici A, Fanelli M, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Three-minute high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for NMN adenylyltransferase using a 20-mm-long reversed-phase column. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996; 676:13-8. [PMID: 8852039 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
NMN adenylyltransferase (NAD pyrophosphorylase; NMNAT) reversibly catalyzes the synthesis of NAD from ATP and NMN. In this paper, we describe a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for NMNAT, which uses a 20-mm-long C18 reversed-phase (RP) column. The activity was measured by separating in less than 3 min the substrates (NMN and ATP) from the product (NAD) with 0.1 M potassium phosphate, pH 6.0, at a 2 ml/min flow-rate and 22 degrees C. NAD was directly quantitated from its ultraviolet absorbance. Amounts of NAD as small as 25 pmol could be measured. The activity value closely agreed with that determined by the spectrophotometric assay. This method was successfully applied to the determination of NMNAT activity in human placental and bull testis extracts, as well as in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emanuelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Balducci E, Orsomando G, Polzonetti V, Vita A, Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Magni G, Natalini P. NMN adenylyltransferase from bull testis: purification and properties. Biochem J 1995; 310 ( Pt 2):395-400. [PMID: 7654174 PMCID: PMC1135908 DOI: 10.1042/bj3100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purification procedure of NMN adenylyltransferase from bull testis presented here consists of a heat step and an acidic precipitation followed by four chromatographic steps, including dye ligand, adsorption and hydrophobic chromatography. The final enzyme preparation subjected to non-denaturing and denaturating PAGE with silver nitrate staining exhibited a single band. At this step the enzyme appeared to be homogeneous. The M(r) value of the native enzyme calculated by gel filtration was about 133,000. The protein appeared to possess a quaternary structure with four subunits of apparent M(r) 33,000 without disulphide interchain bonds. Isoelectric experiments gave a pI of 6.2, and pH studies showed the possible presence of an acidic group in the active site having a pKa of 4.9. Analysis of the amino acid composition showed the presence of more acidic residues than basic ones, according to the pI value calculated by Mono P FPLC. The Ea calculated by Arrhenius plot gave an apparent value of 55.7 kJ/mol. The Km values for NMN, ATP, NAD+ and PPi were 0.11, 0.023, 0.37 and 0.16 nM respectively. The polyclonal antiserum produced against the NMN adenylyltransferase reacted with the purified enzyme at different dilutions and recognized the enzyme in the homogenate as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Balducci
- Dipartimento di Biologia M. C. A., Università di Camerino, Italy
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Giacomello A, Peters GJ, Eriksson S, Abreu R, Kristensen T, Munch-Petersen B, Vincenzetti S, Cambi A, Neuhard J, Garattini E, Vita A, Oka J, Matsumoto A, Hosokawa Y, Inoue S, Allegrini S, Johnson RB, Fiol CJ, Eriksson S, Fabianowska-Majewska K, Wasiak T, Duley J, Simmonds A, Bretner M, Felczak K, Poznański J, Dzik JM, Golos B, Jarmuła A, Rode W, Kulikowski T, Codacci-Pisanelli G, Pinedo HM, Noordhuis P, Groeningen CJ, Wilt CL, Franchi F, Hatse S, Balzarini J, Clercq E, Marinello E, Rosi F, Dispensa E, Mangiavacchi P, Riario-Sforza G, Agostinho AB, Smolenski RT, Müller MM, Roch-Ramel F, Guisan B, Diezi J, Tavenier M, Skladanowski AC, Abreu RA, Jong JW, Åmellem Ø, Löffler M, Pettersen EO, Boulieu R, Lenoir A, Bertocchi M, Mornex JF, Makarewicz W, Spychala J, Mitchell BS, Barankiewcz J, Góra-Tybor J, Robak T, Spasokukotskaja T, Sasvári-Székely M, Piróth Z, Kazimierczuk Z, Staub M, Keuzenkamp-Jansen CW, Abreu RA, Bökkerink JPM, Trijbels JMF, Eriksson S, Warzocha K, Krykowski E, Góra-Tybor J, Fronczak A, Robak T, Minelli A, Moroni M, Monacelli N, Mezzasoma I, Amici A, Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Magni G, Carta MC, Mattana A, Poddie F, Sgarrella F, Tozzi MG, Veerman G, Ruiz van Haperen VWT, Moorsel CJA, Pesi R, Baiocchi C, Camici M, Ipata PL, Kozłowska M, Świerczyński J, Smoleński RT, Jastorff B, Messina E, Savini F, Procopio A, Giacomello A, Wielgus-Kutrowska B, Kulikowska E, Wierzchowski J, Bzowska A, Shugar D, Fairbanks LD, Ruckemann K, Simmonds HA, Kaletha K, Szymańska G, Thebault M, Raffin JP, Gal Y, Griesmacher A, Abreu RA, Zych M, Ruckemann K, Jagodzinski P, Kochan Z, Stolk J, Boerbooms A, Abreu R, Koning D, Putte L, Fiorini M, Bazzichi L, Bertolini G, Martini C, Ciompi ML, Lucacchini A, Pizzichini M, Terzuoli L, Arezzini L, Fe L, Pagani R, Miscetti P, Allegrucci C, Sebesta I, Duley JA, Simmonds HA, Gross M, Salerno C, Stone TW, Berghe G, Valik D, Jones JD, Guerranti R, Fè L, Sforza GR, Knecht W, Grein K, Lodi R, Iotti S, Barbiroli B, Bonin B, Chantin C, Bory C, Micheli V, Jacomelli G, Morozzi G, Fioravanti A, Marcolongo R, Pompucci G, Peters GJ, Noordhuis P, Komissarov A, Holwerda U, Kok RM, Laar JAM, Wilt CL, Groeningen CJ, Pinedo HM, Perrett D, Jacobsson B, Sisto A, Iezzi A, Carlo M, Pizzigallo E, Akhondzadeh S, MacGregor DG, Ogilvy HV, Zoref-Shani E, Brosh S, Sidi Y, Bromberg Y, Sperling O, Gennip AH, Abeling NGGM, Stroomer AEM, Lenthe H, Bakker HD, Kuilenburg ABP, Connolly GP, Abbott NJ, Lilling G, Gozes I, Vreken P, Meinsma R, Ahreu RA, Diasio RB, Albin N, Johnson MR, Shahinian H, Wang K, Gathof BS, Rocchigiani M, Puig JG, Mateos F, Sestini S, Krijt J, Shin Y, Gresser U, Costa A, Maximova N, Andolina M, Paci M, Carrozzi M, Osbich A, Durighello M, Cavalli F, Geatti O, Zammarchi E, Morgan G, Webster ADB, Slavin S, Naparstek E, Nagler A, Acker M, Cividalli G, Kapellushnik Y, Varadi G, Ben-Yoseph R, Or R, Parfenov VV, Ignatenko MA, Amchenkova AM, Narovlyansky AN, Spoto G, Mastropasqua L, Gizzi F, Arduini A, Gallo P, Ciancaglini M, Gallenga PE, Šebesta I, Zeman J, Crifò C, Vito M, Lomonte A, Gerber G, Carlucci F, Tabucchi A, Vannoni P, Pietro MC, Vincent MF, Bontemps F, Boer P, Rötzer E, Ehrmann D, Empl W, Bride MBM, Ogg CS, Cameron JS, Moro F, Rigden S, Rees L, Hoff WV, Raman V, Palmieri P, Mastropierro G, Albertazzi A, Rucci C, Darlington LG, Cotton SR, Gorter JJ, Lawrence ES, Petrie A, Sarsam RP, Semple MJ, Warburton EA, Quaratino CP, Talone L, Sciascio N, Hrebíček MH, Poupětová H, Ledvinová J, Elleder M, Vondrák K, Rees PC, Wonke B, Thein SL, Clegg JB, Marlewski M, Pennelli A, Marzio M, Angelini G, Sabatino G, Koning P, Kerstens P, Graaf R, Hayek G, Cardona F. Preface. Pharm World Sci 1995; 17:K4-K4. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01875184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
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Balducci E, Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Amici A, Magni G, Orsomando G, Polzonetti V, Natalini P. Assay methods for nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase of wide applicability. Anal Biochem 1995; 228:64-8. [PMID: 8572289 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1995.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
NMN adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) reversibly catalyzes the synthesis of NAD+ or NaAD+ from ATP and NMN or NaMN. In this work, we describe a continuous coupled spectrophotometric assay that can be rapidly and routinely used in place of the previous cumbersome two-step assay. The reaction rates measured with the coupled assay display a linear dependence with respect to enzyme concentration over the range investigated. The method yields accurate and reliable estimates of the enzyme activity in the direction of NAD+ synthesis. Furthermore, we developed an HPLC-based method suitable for the assay activity both in the forward and reverse directions of the enzymatic reaction. The method appears particularly useful for measuring the NMNAT activity when the product is not NAD+ (e.g., in studies using alternative substrates), and offers the possibility of monitoring simultaneously both the NMNAT-catalyzed reaction and interfering side reactions. This is achieved through the HPLC identification and quantitation of metabolites and derivatives produced in the reaction mixture during the assay. The two methods described here should cover most needs for the assay of NMNAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Balducci
- Dipartimento di Biologia M.C.A., Università di Camerino, Italy
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Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Amici A, Balducci E, Natalini P, Ruggieri S, Magni G. The antitumor drug, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-urea, inactivates human nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 49:575-9. [PMID: 7872964 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)00478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1) from human placenta is rapidly inactivated by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). A similar inactivation is observed with other C- and N-nitroso compounds. The inactivation by BCNU is dependent on incubation time, temperature and BCNU concentration. Protective reagents for -SH groups, dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol, and the substrate NMN are very effective in protecting NMN adenylyltransferase from BCNU inactivation and in preserving its catalytic properties, while ATP is less efficient. Incubation of BCNU-inactivated and dialysed NMN adenylyltransferase with dithiothreitol results in a partial recovery of the enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emanuelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Amici A, Emanuelli M, Ferretti E, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Homogeneous pyrimidine nucleotidase from human erythrocytes: enzymic and molecular properties. Biochem J 1994; 304 ( Pt 3):987-92. [PMID: 7818506 PMCID: PMC1137429 DOI: 10.1042/bj3040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A pyrimidine nucleotidase with unique specificity has been obtained for the first time as an homogeneous protein from the cytosolic fraction of human erythrocytes. Both conventional chromatography and f.p.l.c. techniques have been used in the purification procedure. The final enzyme preparation gave a single protein band of M(r) = 23,500 on SDS/PAGE under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The native enzyme was eluted at M(r) = 45,000 in gel filtration chromatography on Superose 12, suggesting a dimeric structure. Amino acid analysis was consistent with an acidic isoelectric point and revealed the presence of six half-cystine and two methionine residues per subunit. The enzyme was active on a variety of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates, being most active on the 3'-monophosphates. Km values for 3'dUMP, 3'UMP, 5'dUMP, 5'UMP, 5-fluoro-2'dUMP, ranged from 192 microM to 1.15 mM. The enzyme activity was inhibited by both reaction products, orthophosphate, and the nucleoside formed. Product inhibition studies suggested an Ordered Uni-Bi mechanism for the reaction. The enzyme required Mg2+ for its activity, while heavy metals cations were strongly inhibitory. The enzyme activity was inhibited by metal chelating agents and it was sensitive to thioreactive reagents. The isoelectric point was 5.4 and the optimum activity pH was 6.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amici
- Istituto di Biochemica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Raffaelli N, Amici A, Emanuelli M, Ruggieri S, Magni G. Pyridine dinucleotide biosynthesis in archaebacteria: presence of NMN adenylyltransferase in Sulfolobus solfataricus. FEBS Lett 1994; 355:233-6. [PMID: 7988679 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme NMN adenylyltransferase, leading to NAD synthesis, has been observed for the first time in soluble extracts from the extreme acidothermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Comparison of its molecular and kinetic properties with those of the enzyme isolated from prokaryotes and eukaryotes revealed significant differences, knowledge of which may contribute to the understanding of metabolic evolutionary mechanisms. The thermophilic enzyme shows a molecular mass of about 66,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.4. The Km values for ATP, NMN and nicotinic acid mononucleotide are 0.08 microM, 1.4 microM and 17 microM, respectively. The enzyme shows a remarkable degree of thermophilicity, with an activation energy of 95 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raffaelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Ancona, Italy
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Amici A, Emanuelli M, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Magni G. One-minute high-performance liquid chromatography assay for 5'-nucleotidase using a 20-mm reverse-phase column. Anal Biochem 1994; 216:171-5. [PMID: 8135349 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1994.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A general procedure is described for developing HPLC-based assays for nucleotidases by using a 20-mm C-18 reversed-phase column. The method is applied on the determination of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase activity in human erythrocytes lysate and plasma. The activity is detected using isocratic conditions which separate the product (nucleoside) from the substrate (nucleotide) in less than 1 min with 100 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.0, at a 2 ml/min flow rate. Nucleoside products of the enzymatic reactions are directly quantitated from their ultraviolet absorbances. The activity value closely agreed with that determined by measuring the production of inorganic phosphate. The method does not require prior dialysis of the sample and is 50-fold more sensitive than that based on colorimetric measurements of inorganic phosphate. Furthermore, avoiding the use of radioactive materials offers significant advantages with respect to commonly adopted assays and can be conveniently used for the determination of nucleotidase activity from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amici
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Ancona
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Celleno D, Capogna G, Emanuelli M, Varrassi G, Muratori F, Costantino P, Sebastiani M. Which induction drug for cesarean section? A comparison of thiopental sodium, propofol, and midazolam. J Clin Anesth 1993; 5:284-8. [PMID: 8373604 DOI: 10.1016/0952-8180(93)90119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine maternal and neonatal effects of three different induction drugs (thiopental sodium, propofol, and midazolam) for cesarean section. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind study. SETTING Inpatient obstetric department at a general hospital. PATIENTS 90 healthy patients undergoing elective cesarean section with general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS 3 groups of 30 patients each receiving thiopental 5 mg/kg, propofol 2.4 mg/kg, or midazolam 0.3 mg/kg for induction of anesthesia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Time to induce anesthesia, hemodynamic changes, depth of anesthesia, recovery after anesthesia, placental transfer, and neonatal outcome (Apgar and neurobehavioral examinations) were studied. In the thiopental and midazolam groups, systolic blood pressure and heart rate rose following endotracheal intubation and skin incision (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0025, respectively), while in the propofol group, there was significant hypotension after induction (p < 0.005). Electroencephalographic patterns showed a light depth of anesthesia with propofol and midazolam between anesthesia induction and delivery, confirmed by the presence of clinical signs of light anesthesia in 50% of propofol patients and 43% of midazolam patients. Time to induce anesthesia was longer with midazolam (p < 0.0001). Neonates in the midazolam and propofol groups had lower Apgar and neurobehavioral scores than those in the thiopental group. Umbilical artery to umbilical vein ratios were above 1 in the propofol and midazolam groups. CONCLUSION Thiopental still remains the first-choice induction drug for cesarean section. The slow induction time with midazolam may put the mother at risk for pulmonary inhalation. A plane of anesthesia that may risk awareness and potential neonatal depression is the main drawback of the two newer induction drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Celleno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fatebenefratelli General Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Trisi P, Quaranta M, Emanuelli M, Piattelli A. A light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser scanning microscopy analysis of retrieved blade implants after 7 to 20 years of clinical function. A report of 3 cases. J Periodontol 1993; 64:374-8. [PMID: 8515367 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1993.64.5.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser scanning microscopy the thin ground sections of blade implants retrieved after 7 to 20 years of clinical function. Microscopic examination revealed that most of the implant surface had an intimate contact with compact lamellar bone tissue. Higher magnifications revealed the presence of a gap (1 to 5 mu) interposed between bone and implant. Many osteocytes were near the implant surface and, in many instances, osteocyte canaliculi, running from the lacunae towards the implant surface, were seen. Structures similar to bone reversal lines were observed at the edge of the bone side of the interface. The bone-titanium region is probably an area of dynamic biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trisi
- Dental School, University of Chieti, Italy
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Balducci E, Emanuelli M, Magni G, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Vita A, Natalini P. Nuclear matrix-associated NMN adenylyltransferase activity in human placenta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 189:1275-9. [PMID: 1282798 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)90211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents data about the presence of the NMN adenylyltransferase at the nuclear matrix level of human placenta nuclei. It was found that 40-45% of the activity (depending on the extraction procedure) referred to the total nuclear NMN adenylyltransferase was tightly associated with this subnuclear compartment. The matrices purified by two different procedures exhibited DNA, RNA and protein contents comparable with those described in literature. Extensive digestion of human placenta nuclei with DNase I was not able to solubilize the NMN adenylyltransferase activity. Therefore, the data we present are consistent with the conclusion that a part of the total nuclear NMN adenylyltransferase is associated with the nuclear matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Balducci
- Department of M.C.A. Biology, University of Camerino, Italy
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Emanuelli M, Natalini P, Raffaelli N, Ruggieri S, Vita A, Magni G. NAD biosynthesis in human placenta: purification and characterization of homogeneous NMN adenylyltransferase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 298:29-34. [PMID: 1524439 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90089-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) adenylyltransferase has been purified to homogeneity from human placenta. The purification procedure consists of several chromatographic steps, including dye-ligand, adsorption, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The final enzyme preparation is homogeneous as judged by a single silver stainable band on both nondenaturating and denaturating polyacrylamide gels. The native enzyme shows a molecular weight of about 132,000, as determined by gel filtration on a Superose 12 HR 10/30 fast protein liquid chromatography column. The protein possesses a quaternary structure and is composed of four apparently identical M(r) 33,000 subunits. Isoelectrofocusing experiments give multiple pI values ranging from pH 4.7 to 6.6. Optimum pH study shows a plateau extending from pH 6.0 to pH 9.0. Km values for NMN, ATP, NAD+, and PPi are 38, 23, 67, and 125 microM, respectively. Kinetic analysis reveals a behavior consistent with an ordered sequential Bi-Bi mechanism. Among several metabolites tested only ADP-ribose and beta-NMNH were found to significantly inhibit the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emanuelli
- Istituto di Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicinae Chirurgia, Università di Ancona, Italy
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