1
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Puchaud P, Michaud B, Begon M. The interplay of fatigue dynamics and task achievement using optimal control predictive simulation. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 94:103182. [PMID: 38401336 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Predictive simulation of human motion could provide insight into optimal techniques. In repetitive or long-duration tasks, these simulations must predict fatigue-induced adaptation. However, most studies minimize cost function terms related to actuator activations, assuming it minimizes fatigue. An additional modeling layer is needed to consider the previous use of muscles to reveal adaptive strategies to the decreased force production capability. Here, we propose interfacing Xia's three-compartment fatigue dynamics model with rigid-body dynamics. A stabilization invariant was added to Xia's model. We simulated the maximum repetition of dumbbell biceps curls as an optimal control problem (OCP) using direct multiple shooting. We explored three cost functions (minimizing torque, fatigue, or both) and two OCP formulations (full-horizon and sliding-horizon approaches). We adapted Xia's model by adding a stabilization invariant coefficients S=105 for direct multiple shooting. Sliding-horizon OCPs achieved 20 to 21 repetitions. The kinematic strategy slowly deviated from a plausible dumbbell lifting task to a swinging strategy as fatigue onset increasingly compromised the humerus to remain vertical. In full-horizon OCPs, the latter kinematic strategy was used over the whole motion, resulting in 32 repetitions. We showed that sliding-horizon OCPs revealed a reactive strategy to fatigue when only torque was included in the cost function, whereas an anticipatory strategy was revealed when the fatigue term was included in the cost function. Overall, the proposed approach has the potential to be a valuable tool in optimizing performance and helping reduce fatigue-related injuries in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Puchaud
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada.
| | - B Michaud
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada
| | - M Begon
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Canada
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2
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Blache Y, Lefebvre F, Rogowski I, Michaud B, Begon M. Is an ellipsoid surface suitable to model the scapulothoracic sliding plane? J Biomech 2024; 164:111989. [PMID: 38354513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Closed loop kinematic chain approaches are commonly used to assess scapular kinematics but with heterogeneous ellipsoid calibration procedures. This study aimed to assess whether an ellipsoid surface can model the scapulothoracic sliding plane and determine the optimal number of static poses to calibrate the ellipsoid parameters. An intracortical pin with a rigid cluster of four reflective markers was inserted into the left scapular spine of two healthy males (P1 and P2). They performed arm elevations, internal rotations, ball throwing, hockey shooting, and eating movements. Ellipsoid radii and center location were functionally calibrated for each participant and each movement, either based on all frames of a movement or based on a reduced number of frames (from 3 to 200 equally position-distributed frames). Across both participants and all movements, ellipsoid radii varied up to 10.2 cm, 3.9 cm, and 18.4 cm in the antero-posterior, medio-lateral, and cranio-caudal directions, respectively. When all frames of a movement were considered for calibration, the median scapula-to-ellipsoid distance was, on average, 0.52 mm and 0.38 mm for P1 and P2, respectively. When only five frames were considered for ellipsoid calibration, the scapula-to-ellipsoid median distance slightly increased with 0.57 mm and 0.47 mm for P1 and P2, respectively. To conclude, this study highlights that an ellipsoid surface may effectively be appropriate to model the scapulothoracic sliding plane, especially when the calibration is functional, participant- and movement-specific. Furthermore, the number of poses required for the ellipsoid calibration can be reduced to five, minimizing the experimental cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Blache
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - F Lefebvre
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; TRINOMA, Villefort, France
| | - I Rogowski
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B Michaud
- Laboratoire de simulation et modélisation du mouvement, Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Begon
- Laboratoire de simulation et modélisation du mouvement, Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
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3
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Zeppelini CG, Carvalho-Pereira T, Alves RS, Santiago DCC, Santo VFE, Begon M, Costa F, Khalil H. Demographic drivers of Norway rat populations from urban slums in Brazil. Urban Ecosyst 2021; 24:801-809. [PMID: 34720572 PMCID: PMC8550123 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Norway rat is a globally distributed pest, known for its resilience to eradication and control programs. Efficient population control, especially in urban settings, is dependent on knowledge of rat demography and population ecology. We analyzed the relationship between four demographic outcomes, estimated by live-trapping data, and fine-scale environmental features measured at the capture site. Wounds, a proxy for agonistic interactions, were associated with mature individuals. Areas with environmental features favorable to rats, such as open sewers and unpaved earth, were associated with more mature individuals with a better body condition index. The control measures (environmental stressors) are likely to be disrupting the social structure of rat colonies, increasing the frequency and distribution of agonistic interactions, which were common in both sexes and maturity states. The relationship between the favorable environmental conditions and the demographic markers analyzed indicate possible targets for infestation control through environmental manipulation, and could be incorporated into current pest management programs to achieve long-term success. Our study indicate that urban interventions focused on removal of potential resources for rats could be potential long-term solutions by reducing the carrying capacity of the environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11252-020-01075-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Zeppelini
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Barão do Geremoabo, Salvador, 147 Brazil
| | - T Carvalho-Pereira
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Basílio da Gama, S/N, Salvador, Brazil
| | - R Sady Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade federal da Bahia, R. Barão do Geremoabo, Salvador, 147 Brazil
| | - D C C Santiago
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Barão do Geremoabo, Salvador, 147 Brazil
| | - V F Espirito Santo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Barão do Geremoabo, Salvador, 147 Brazil
| | - M Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - F Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, R. Basílio da Gama, S/N, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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4
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Blache Y, Degot M, Duprey S, Begon M, Rogowski I. Closed-loop multibody kinematic optimization coupled with double calibration improves scapular kinematic estimates in asymptomatic population. J Biomech 2021; 126:110653. [PMID: 34343862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive methods still need to better estimate scapular kinematics because of soft tissue artifact issue. This study aimed to develop and assess new procedures to estimate scapular kinematics by combining closed kinematic chain optimization and double calibration. Sixteen healthy volunteers performed static postures mimicking analytical and daily living movements. Scapulo-thoracic angles were computed either with a scapula locator (Ref), or with a closed-loop multibody kinematic optimization (Ell) or with double calibration involving linear (DClin), exponential (DCexp) or logarithmic (DClog) correction. Double calibration corrections enforced scapulo-thoracic angles to be the same than those measured with Ref at the end of the movement performed. DClin and DClog significantly (p < 0.01) reduced scapulo-thoracic misorientation for at least the second third of the movement with averaged improvement ranging from 9° to 32°. Moreover, for arm elevation in the sagittal plane, internal rotations and mimicking hair combing, the beneficial effect of DClin and DClog propagates up to half of the movement. To conclude, when a kinematic chain is required, coupling double calibration (using either linear or logarithmic correction), to a closed-loop multibody kinematic optimization is an efficient and fast method in regard with improvement in scapular kinematic estimates in healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Blache
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - M Degot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - S Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, F69622 Lyon, France
| | - M Begon
- École de Kinésiologie et de Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - I Rogowski
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Pimentel Sobrinho C, Lima Godoi J, Neves Souza F, Graco Zeppelini C, Espirito Santo V, Carvalho Santiago D, Sady Alves R, Khalil H, Carvalho Pereira T, Hanzen Pinna M, Begon M, Machado Cordeiro S, Neves Reis J, Costa F. Prevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Salmonella spp. with zoonotic potential in urban rats in Salvador, Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 149:e128. [PMID: 33213546 PMCID: PMC8167902 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882000285x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies evaluating the occurrence of enteropathogenic bacteria in urban rats (Rattus spp.) are scarce worldwide, specifically in the urban environments of tropical countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Salmonella spp. with zoonotic potential in urban slum environments. We trapped rats between April and June 2018 in Salvador, Brazil. We collected rectal swabs from Rattus spp., and cultured for E. coli and Salmonella spp., and screened E. coli isolates by polymerase chain reaction to identify pathotypes. E. coli were found in 70% of Rattus norvegicus and were found in four Rattus rattus. DEC were isolated in 31.3% of the 67 brown rats (R. norvegicus). The pathotypes detected more frequently were shiga toxin E. coli in 11.9%, followed by atypical enteropathogenic E. coli in 10.4% and enteroinvasive E. coli in 4.5%. From the five black rats (R. rattus), two presented DEC. Salmonella enterica was found in only one (1.4%) of 67 R. norvegicus. Our findings indicate that both R. norvegicus and R. rattus are host of DEC and, at lower prevalence, S. enterica, highlighting the importance of rodents as potential sources of pathogenic agents for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Lima Godoi
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F. Neves Souza
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - V. Espirito Santo
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - D. Carvalho Santiago
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - R. Sady Alves
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - H. Khalil
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T. Carvalho Pereira
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - M. Hanzen Pinna
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - M. Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - J. Neves Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F. Costa
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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6
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Blache Y, Degot M, Begon M, Duprey S, Rogowski I. Does double calibration coupled with a closed loop multibody kinematic optimization improve scapular kinematic estimates? Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1811505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Blache
- Univ-Lyon, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Degot
- Univ-Lyon, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M. Begon
- bS2M Lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - S. Duprey
- Univ-Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T 9406, Lyon, France
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7
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Hoffmann M, Begon M, Lafon Y, Duprey S. Influence of glenohumeral joint muscle insertion on moment arms using a finite element model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:1117-1126. [PMID: 32643408 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1789606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate muscle geometry is essential to estimate moment arms in musculoskeletal models. Given the complex interactions between shoulder structures, we hypothesized that finite element (FE) modelling is suitable to obtain physiological muscle trajectory. A FE glenohumeral joint model was developed based on medical imaging. Moment arms were computed and compared to literature and MRI-based estimation. Our FE model produces moment arms consistent with the literature and with MRI data (max 17 mm differences). The inferior and superior fibres of a same muscle can have opposite action; predictions of moment arms are sensitive to muscle insertion (up to 20 mm variation).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoffmann
- Institute of biomedical engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Begon
- Institute of biomedical engineering, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,School of kinesiology and physical activity sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Y Lafon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
| | - S Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
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8
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Hoffmann M, Begon M, Abdelnour R, Duprey S. Changes in shoulder muscle geometry at different level of isometric contraction. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hoffmann
- Institut de génie biomédical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M. Begon
- Institut de génie biomédical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - R. Abdelnour
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S. Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Cherni
- School of kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Center, UHC Sainte- Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M. Hajizadeh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M. Begon
- School of kinesiology, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Center, UHC Sainte- Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - N.A Turpin
- Department of sport sciences (STAPS), IRISSE lab (EA 4075), Université de la Réunion, France
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10
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Turpin NA, Martinez R, Begon M. Shoulder muscles coordination during eccentric actions. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Turpin
- Department of Sport Sciences (STAPS), IRISSE Lab (EA 4075); Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - R. Martinez
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M. Begon
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tomezzoli A, Michaud B, Begon M, Duprey S. Bow camber and mass distribution: violinist’s preferences and sound descriptors. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1714255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Tomezzoli
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
| | - B. Michaud
- Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - M. Begon
- Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Laval, QC, Canada
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S. Duprey
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, Lyon, France
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12
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Blache Y, Michaud B, Rogowski I, Monteil K, Begon M. Sensitivity of Shoulder Musculoskeletal Model Predictions to Muscle–Tendon Properties. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:1309-1317. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2872833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gillet
- a Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM EA 7424, UFRSTAPS 27-29 , Villeurbanne Cedex , France.,b Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada , Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Laval, Canada
| | - M Begon
- b Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada , Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Laval, Canada.,c Centre de Recherche de l'hôpital Sainte Justine , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Y Blache
- a Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM EA 7424, UFRSTAPS 27-29 , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
| | - C Berger-Vachon
- d IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs-F69675 , Bron , France.,e Ligue du Lyonnais de Tennis , Bron , France
| | - I Rogowski
- a Univ. Lyon, Lyon, France, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM EA 7424, UFRSTAPS 27-29 , Villeurbanne Cedex , France
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14
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Duprey S, Michaud B, Begon M. Muscular activity variations of the right bowing arm of the violin player. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:71-72. [PMID: 29088659 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1382866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Duprey
- a Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406 , F69622 , Lyon , France.,b Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie , Université de Montréal , 1700, rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval , QC H7N 0B6 , Canada
| | - B Michaud
- b Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie , Université de Montréal , 1700, rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval , QC H7N 0B6 , Canada
| | - M Begon
- b Laboratoire de simulation et de modélisation du mouvement, Département de kinésiologie , Université de Montréal , 1700, rue Jacques Tétreault, Laval , QC H7N 0B6 , Canada.,c Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital , 3175 Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montreal , QC H3T 1C5 , Canada
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15
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Couvertier M, Begon M, Germaneau A, Lacouture P, Monnet T. Comparison of rotation tensor extracted from affine approximation and least square optimization. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:49-50. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1382855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Couvertier
- Institut PPRIME, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA, France
| | - M. Begon
- Department of kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - A. Germaneau
- Institut PPRIME, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA, France
| | - P. Lacouture
- Institut PPRIME, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA, France
| | - T. Monnet
- Institut PPRIME, UPR 3346, CNRS-Université de Poitiers-ISAE-ENSMA, France
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Blache Y, Dumas R, Lundberg A, Begon M. Main component of soft tissue artifact of the upper-limbs with respect to different functional, daily life and sports movements. J Biomech 2017; 62:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Michaud B, Jackson M, Arndt A, Lundberg A, Begon M. Determining in vivo sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joint centre locations from skin markers, CT-scans and intracortical pins: A comparison study. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Williams NJ, Sherlock C, Jones TR, Clough HE, Telfer SE, Begon M, French N, Hart CA, Bennett M. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in sympatric wild rodents varies by season and host. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 110:962-70. [PMID: 21255210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the prevalence and temporal patterns of antimicrobial resistance in wild rodents with no apparent exposure to antimicrobials. METHODS AND RESULTS Two sympatric populations of bank voles and wood mice were trapped and individually monitored over a 2- year period for faecal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. High prevalences of ampicillin-, chloramphenicol-, tetracycline- and trimethoprim-resistant E. coli were observed. A markedly higher prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli was found in wood mice than in bank voles, with the prevalence in both increasing over time. Superimposed on this trend was a seasonal cycle with a peak prevalence of resistant E. coli in mice in early- to mid-summer and in voles in late summer and early autumn. CONCLUSIONS These sympatric rodent species had no obvious contact with antimicrobials, and the difference in resistance profiles between rodent species and seasons suggests that factors present in their environment are unlikely to be drivers of such resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings suggest that rodents may represent a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, transmissible to livestock and man. Furthermore, such findings have implications for human and veterinary medicine regarding antimicrobial usage and subsequent selection of antimicrobial-resistant organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Williams
- National Centre for Zoonosis Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, UK Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand School of Host Immunity and Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Naaim A, Moissenet F, Dumas R, Begon M, Chèze L. Comparison and validation of five scapulothoracic models for correcting soft tissue artefact through multibody optimisation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 18 Suppl 1:2014-5. [PMID: 26246003 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1069561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Naaim
- a CNRFR - Rehazenter, Laboratoire d'Analyse du Mouvement et de la Posture , Luxembourg , Luxembourg.,b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France.,d IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406 , LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs , Bron , France
| | - F Moissenet
- a CNRFR - Rehazenter, Laboratoire d'Analyse du Mouvement et de la Posture , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - R Dumas
- b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France.,d IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406 , LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs , Bron , France
| | - M Begon
- e Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Canada
| | - L Chèze
- b Université de Lyon , Lyon , France.,c Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne , France.,d IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406 , LBMC Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs , Bron , France
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Thouzé A, Monnet T, Bélaise C, Lacouture P, Begon M. A chain kinematic model to assess the movement of lower-limb including wobbling masses. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1053472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Blache Y, Desmoulins L, Allard P, Plamondon A, Begon M. Effects of height and load weight on shoulder muscle work during overhead lifting task. Ergonomics 2014; 58:748-761. [PMID: 25403553 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.980336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Few musculoskeletal models are available to assess shoulder deeper muscle demand during overhead lifting tasks. Our objective was to implement a musculoskeletal model to assess the effect of lifting height and load on shoulder muscle work. A musculoskeletal model scaled from 15 male subjects was used to calculate shoulder muscle work during six lifting tasks. Boxes containing three different loads (6, 12 and 18 kg) were lifted by the subjects from the waist to shoulder or eye level. After optimisation of the maximal isometric force of the model's muscles, the bio-fidelity of the model was improved by 19%. The latter was able to reproduce the subjects' lifting movements. Mechanical work of the rotator cuff muscles, upper trapezius and anterior deltoid was increased with lifting load and height augmentation. In conclusion, the use of a musculoskeletal model validated by electromyography enabled to evaluate the muscle demand of deep muscles during lifting tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Blache
- a Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, Département de Kinésiologie , Université de Montréal , Québec , Canada
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Haering D, Raison M, Arndt A, Begon M. Kinematic model and elbow flexion interaction on shoulder range of motion. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2014; 17 Suppl 1:84-5. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2014.931150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kipar A, Burthe SJ, Hetzel U, Rokia MA, Telfer S, Lambin X, Birtles RJ, Begon M, Bennett M. Mycobacterium microti tuberculosis in its maintenance host, the field vole (Microtus agrestis): characterization of the disease and possible routes of transmission. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:903-14. [PMID: 24334995 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813513040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The field vole (Microtus agrestis) is a known maintenance host of Mycobacterium microti. Previous studies have shown that infected animals develop tuberculosis. However, the disease is also known in cats and is sporadically reported from humans and other mammalian species. We examined trapped field voles from an endemic area, using a range of diagnostic approaches. These confirmed that a combination of gross and histological examination with culture is most appropriate to identify the true prevalence of the disease, which was shown to be more than 13% at times when older animals that have previously been shown to be more likely to develop the disease dominate the population. The thorough pathological examination of diseased animals showed that voles generally develop systemic disease with most frequent involvement of spleen and liver, followed by skin, lymph nodes, and lungs. The morphology of the lesions was consistent with active disease, and their distribution suggested skin wounds or oral and/or aerogenic infection as the main portal of entry. The demonstration of mycobacteria in open skin lesions, airways, and salivary glands indicated bacterial shedding from the skin and with sputum and saliva. This suggests not only the environment but also direct contact and devouring as likely sources of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kipar
- Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science and Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Pathology Department, Veterinary College, University of Azzutona, Tarhouna, Libya
| | - S J Burthe
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK
| | - U Hetzel
- Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Abo Rokia
- Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science and Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK Pathology Department, Veterinary College, University of Azzutona, Tarhouna, Libya
| | - S Telfer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - X Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - R J Birtles
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - M Begon
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Bennett
- National Centre for Zoonosis Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Thouzé A, Monnet T, Lacouture P, Begon M. A numerical approach to assess the soft tissue artefact during human movement analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 16 Suppl 1:59-60. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.815894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jackson M, Sylvestre É, Bleau J, Allard P, Begon M. Estimating optimal shoulder immobilization postures following surgical repair of massive rotator cuff tears. J Biomech 2013; 46:179-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jackson M, Michaud B, Tétreault P, Begon M. Improvements in measuring shoulder joint kinematics. J Biomech 2012; 45:2180-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fohanno V, Colloud F, Begon M, Lacouture P. Estimation of the 3D kinematics in kayak using an extended Kalman filter algorithm: a pilot study. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2010.491958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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McNally RJQ, Court S, James PW, Pollock R, Blakey K, Begon M, Cheetham TD. P06 The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes in children from Northeast England. Br J Soc Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.120477.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Thouzé A, Monnet T, Begon M, Pain M. Determination of optimal placements of markers on the thigh during walking and landing. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100621005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Davis S, Trapman P, Leirs H, Begon M, Heesterbeek JAP. The abundance threshold for plague as a critical percolation phenomenon. Nature 2008; 454:634-7. [PMID: 18668107 DOI: 10.1038/nature07053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Percolation theory is most commonly associated with the slow flow of liquid through a porous medium, with applications to the physical sciences. Epidemiological applications have been anticipated for disease systems where the host is a plant or volume of soil, and hence is fixed in space. However, no natural examples have been reported. The central question of interest in percolation theory, the possibility of an infinite connected cluster, corresponds in infectious disease to a positive probability of an epidemic. Archived records of plague (infection with Yersinia pestis) in populations of great gerbils (Rhombomys opimus) in Kazakhstan have been used to show that epizootics only occur when more than about 0.33 of the burrow systems built by the host are occupied by family groups. The underlying mechanism for this abundance threshold is unknown. Here we present evidence that it is a percolation threshold, which arises from the difference in scale between the movements that transport infectious fleas between family groups and the vast size of contiguous landscapes colonized by gerbils. Conventional theory predicts that abundance thresholds for the spread of infectious disease arise when transmission between hosts is density dependent such that the basic reproduction number (R(0)) increases with abundance, attaining 1 at the threshold. Percolation thresholds, however, are separate, spatially explicit thresholds that indicate long-range connectivity in a system and do not coincide with R(0) = 1. Abundance thresholds are the theoretical basis for attempts to manage infectious disease by reducing the abundance of susceptibles, including vaccination and the culling of wildlife. This first natural example of a percolation threshold in a disease system invites a re-appraisal of other invasion thresholds, such as those for epidemic viral infections in African lions (Panthera leo), and of other disease systems such as bovine tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium bovis) in badgers (Meles meles).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Davis
- Theoretical Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Davis S, Leirs H, Viljugrein H, Stenseth NC, De Bruyn L, Klassovskiy N, Ageyev V, Begon M. Empirical assessment of a threshold model for sylvatic plague. J R Soc Interface 2007; 4:649-57. [PMID: 17254978 PMCID: PMC2373385 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2006.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plague surveillance programmes established in Kazakhstan, Central Asia, during the previous century, have generated large plague archives that have been used to parameterize an abundance threshold model for sylvatic plague in great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) populations. Here, we assess the model using additional data from the same archives. Throughout the focus, population levels above the threshold were a necessary condition for an epizootic to occur. However, there were large numbers of occasions when an epizootic was not observed even though great gerbils were, and had been, abundant. We examine six hypotheses that could explain the resulting false positive predictions, namely (i) including end-of-outbreak data erroneously lowers the estimated threshold, (ii) too few gerbils were tested, (iii) plague becomes locally extinct, (iv) the abundance of fleas was too low, (v) the climate was unfavourable, and (vi) a high proportion of gerbils were resistant. Of these, separate thresholds, fleas and climate received some support but accounted for few false positives and can be disregarded as serious omissions from the model. Small sample size and local extinction received strong support and can account for most of the false positives. Host resistance received no support here but should be subject to more direct experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Abstract
Determination of the hip joint centre (HJC) using a functional approach requires access to the kinematics of various body postures. The present study aimed to determine the combined impact of the nature of the movement, its type and the number of cycles, on the accuracy of HJC estimation. Kinematics noise was modelled based on the deformation of hip and thigh clusters of seven subjects, while perfect ball-and-socket movements (used as reference) were calculated based on the movements of one of the subjects. The noise added to the reference kinematics allowed the simulation of 27 tests. Errors were defined as the Euclidean distance between the estimated and the reference HJC. A nested ANOVA and a multiple comparison procedures were performed on all errors. A test including 10 cycles of three different types of limited movements (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction and circumduction) yielded the greatest accuracy for estimating HJC (4.0+/-1.3 mm). Combining different types of movements allowed improving the accuracy. Given that noise increases as a function of the range of a motion, limited movements proved to be the most accurate; however, 10 cycles were required to achieve such results. For trials involving a single cycle, a large movement proved more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Begon
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides, UMR 6610 Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Poitiers SP2MI, 86962 Futuroscope, Chasseneuil Cedex, France.
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Davis S, Klassovskiy N, Ageyev V, Suleimenov B, Atshabar B, Klassovskaya A, Bennett M, Leirs H, Begon M. Plague metapopulation dynamics in a natural reservoir: the burrow system as the unit of study. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 135:740-8. [PMID: 17156497 PMCID: PMC2870638 DOI: 10.1017/s095026880600759x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecology of plague (Yersinia pestis infection) in its ancient foci in Central Asia remains poorly understood. We present field data from two sites in Kazakhstan where the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) is the major natural host. Family groups inhabit and defend burrow systems spaced throughout the landscape, such that the host population may be considered a metapopulation, with each occupied burrow system a subpopulation. We examine plague transmission within and between family groups and its effect on survival. Transmission of plague occurred disproportionately within family groups although not all gerbils became infected once plague entered a burrow system. There were no spatial patterns to suggest that family groups in close proximity to infected burrow systems were more at risk of infection than those far away. At one site, infection increased the chances of burrow-system extinction. Overall, it is useful to consider the burrow system as the unit of study within a much larger metapopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Bown KJ, Begon M, Bennett M, Birtles RJ, Burthe S, Lambin X, Telfer S, Woldehiwet Z, Ogden NH. SympatricIxodes triangulicepsandIxodes ricinusTicks Feeding on Field Voles (Microtus agrestis): Potential for Increased Risk ofAnaplasma phagocytophilumin the United Kingdom? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2006; 6:404-10. [PMID: 17187576 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of wild rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens is considered low in the United Kingdom because, in studies to date, those parasitized by exophilic Ixodes ricinus ticks carry almost exclusively larvae and thus have a minor role in transmission cycles. In a cross-sectional study, 11 (6.7%) of 163 field voles (Microtus agrestis) captured at field sites in Northern England were PCR-positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The voles were found to act as hosts for both larval and nymphal I. ricinus and all stages of the nidicolous tick I. trianguliceps, and eight individuals were infested with ticks of both species at the same time. Two of 158 larval and one of 13 nymphal I. ricinus, as well as one of 14 larval and one of 15 nymphal I. trianguliceps collected from the rodents were PCR-positive. These findings suggest that habitats where field voles are abundant in the United Kingdom may pose a risk of A. phagocytophilum infection because (i) field voles, the most abundant terrestrial mammal in the United Kingdom, may be a competent reservoir; (ii) the field voles are hosts for both nymphal and larval ixodid ticks so they could support endemic cycles of A. phagocytophilum; and (iii) they are hosts for nidicolous I. trianguliceps, which may alone maintain endemic cycles, and exophilic I. ricinus ticks, which could act as a bridge vector and transmit infections to humans and domesticated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Bown
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Telfer S, Begon M, Bennett M, Bown KJ, Burthe S, Lambin X, Telford G, Birtles R. Contrasting dynamics of Bartonella spp. in cyclic field vole populations: the impact of vector and host dynamics. Parasitology 2006; 134:413-25. [PMID: 17096870 PMCID: PMC2952920 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182006001624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many zoonotic disease agents are transmitted between hosts by arthropod vectors, including fleas, but few empirical studies of host-vector-microparasite dynamics have investigated the relative importance of hosts and vectors. This study investigates the dynamics of 4 closely related Bartonella species and their flea vectors in cyclic populations of field voles (Microtus agrestis) over 3 years. The probability of flea infestation was positively related to field vole density 12 months previously in autumn, but negatively related to more recent host densities, suggesting a dilution effect. The 4 Bartonella species exhibited contrasting dynamics. Only B. grahamii, showed a distinct seasonal pattern. Infection probability increased with field vole density for B. doshiae, B. taylorii and BGA (a previously unidentified species) and with density of coexisting wood mice for B. doshiae and B. grahamii. However, only the infection probability of BGA in spring was related to flea prevalence. B. doshiae and BGA were most common in older animals, but the other 2 were most common in non-reproductive hosts. Generally, host density rather than vector abundance appears most important for the dynamics of flea-transmitted Bartonella spp., possibly reflecting the importance of flea exchange between hosts. However, even closely related species showed quite different dynamics, emphasising that other factors such as population age structure can impact on zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Telfer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool L69 7LB, UK.
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Smith A, Telfer S, Burthe S, Bennett M, Begon M. A role for vector-independent transmission in rodent trypanosome infection? Int J Parasitol 2006; 36:1359-66. [PMID: 16876803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 06/17/2006] [Accepted: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Within host-pathogen systems where vector-borne transmission is the primary route of infection, little or no attention has been paid to the relative importance of secondary or alternative routes of transmission. Here, by contrast, we report the results from a controlled longitudinal field-scale experiment in which the prevalence of fleas (Siphonaptera) was manipulated and the occurrence and distribution of a flea-borne protozoan (Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) microti) in a natural field vole (Microtus agrestis) population was monitored over a 2-year period. A non-systemic insecticide was applied to individual voles within two treatment grids and the prevalences of fleas and of T. microti were monitored on these and on two control grids. Blood samples were taken from all voles and PCR-based methods used to determine infection status. Insecticidal treatment was highly effective at reducing overall flea prevalence and recaptured animals (treated ca. 4 weeks previously) were very rarely infested (ca. 3%, compared with 50-70+% normally). On the other hand, the probability of trypanosome infection was reduced in treated animals on experimental grids to only around one-third of that normally observed. This suggests that direct, as opposed to flea-borne, transmission may not only occur, it may also be of epidemiological importance. The possibility that the importance of such transmission routes may have been underestimated in 'vector-borne' infections more generally is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smith
- Population Biology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Bioscience Building, University of Liverpool, Merseyside L69 7ZB, UK.
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Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of a flea-borne protozoan (Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) microti) in its field vole (Microtus agrestis) host, we monitored over a 2-year period a range of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters pertaining to host demographics, infection status and vector (flea) prevalence. Generalized Linear Mixed Modelling was used to analyse patterns of both flea and trypanosome occurrence. Overall, males of all sizes and ages were more likely to be infested with fleas than their female counterparts. Flea prevalence also showed direct density dependence during the winter, but patterns of density dependence varied amongst body mass (age) classes during the summer. Trypanosome prevalence did not vary between the sexes but was positively related to past flea prevalence with a lag of 3 months, with the highest levels occurring during the autumn season. A convex age-prevalence distribution was observed, suggesting that individuals develop a degree of immunity to trypanosome infection with age and exposure. An interaction between age and whether the individual was new or recaptured suggested that infected animals are less likely to become territory holders than their uninfected counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smith
- Population Biology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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Telfer S, Bown KJ, Sekules R, Begon M, Hayden T, Birtles R. Disruption of a host-parasite system following the introduction of an exotic host species. Parasitology 2005; 130:661-8. [PMID: 15977903 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182005007250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The potential of biological invasions to threaten native ecosystems is well recognized. Here we describe how an introduced species impacts on native host-parasite dynamics by acting as an alternative host. By sampling sites across an invasion front in Ireland, we quantified the influence of the introduced bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) on the epidemiology of infections caused by flea-transmitted haemoparasites of the genus Bartonella in native wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Bartonella infections were detected on either side of the front but occurred exclusively in wood mice, despite being highly prevalent in both rodent species elsewhere in Europe. Bank vole introduction has, however, affected the wood mouse-Bartonella interaction, with the infection prevalence of both Bartonella birtlesii and Bartonella taylorii declining significantly with increasing bank vole density. Whilst flea prevalence in wood mice increases with wood mouse density in areas without bank voles, no such relationship is detected in invaded areas. The results are consistent with the dilution effect hypothesis. This predicts that for vector-transmitted parasites, the presence of less competent host species may reduce infection prevalence in the principal host. In addition we found a negative relationship between B. birtlesii and B. taylorii prevalences, indicating that these two microparasites may compete within hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Telfer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Liverpool L69 7LB, UK.
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41
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Bown KJ, Ellis BA, Birtles RJ, Durden LA, Lello J, Begon M, Bennett M. New world origins for haemoparasites infecting United Kingdom grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), as revealed by phylogenetic analysis of bartonella infecting squirrel populations in England and the United States. Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129:647-53. [PMID: 12558350 PMCID: PMC2869929 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268802007768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses of bartonella have suggested divergence between bartonellae that infect mammals native to the Old and New Worlds. We characterized bartonella isolated from Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurius carolinensis) in the United States and from grey and red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in the United Kingdom by nucleotide sequence comparison (gltA and groEL). Isolates from grey squirrels in the United States and the United Kingdom were identical, and most similar to Bartonella vinsonii, a species associated with New World rodents. A single and novel bartonella genotype was obtained from all 12 red squirrel isolates. Although grey squirrels were first introduced into the United Kingdom over 125 years ago, they continue to be infected solely by the bartonella associated with grey squirrels native to the United States. These results illustrate that exotic species may be accompanied by the introduction and maintenance, over many generations, of their microparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Bown
- Centre for Comparative Infectious Diseases, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Neston, Cheshire, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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42
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Begon M, Bennett M, Bowers RG, French NP, Hazel SM, Turner J. A clarification of transmission terms in host-microparasite models: numbers, densities and areas. Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129:147-53. [PMID: 12211582 PMCID: PMC2869860 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268802007148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission is the driving force in the dynamics of any infectious disease. A crucial element in understanding disease dynamics, therefore, is the 'transmission term' describing the rate at which susceptible hosts are 'converted' into infected hosts by their contact with infectious material. Recently, the conventional form of this term has been increasingly questioned, and new terminologies and conventions have been proposed. Here, therefore, we review the derivation of transmission terms, explain the basis of confusion, and provide clarification. The root of the problem has been a failure to include explicit consideration of the area occupied by a host population, alongside both the number of infectious hosts and their density within the population. We argue that the terms 'density-dependent transmission' and 'frequency-dependent transmission' remain valid and useful (though a 'fuller' transmission term for the former is identified), but that the terms 'mass action', 'true mass action' and 'pseudo mass action' are all unhelpful and should be dropped. Also, contrary to what has often been assumed, the distinction between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing in a host population is orthogonal to the distinction between density- and frequency-dependent transmission modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Begon
- Centre for Comparative Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Liverpool, UK
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43
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Williams N, Hunt D, Jones T, French N, Begon M, Bennett M, Hart C. 109. Antibiotic resistance in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Res Vet Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(02)90113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Noyes HA, Ambrose P, Barker F, Begon M, Bennet M, Bown KJ, Kemp SJ. Host specificity of Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) species: evidence that bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) carry only one T. (H.) evotomys 18S rRNA genotype but wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) carry at least two polyphyletic parasites. Parasitology 2002; 124:185-90. [PMID: 11860034 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182001001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The strongest evidence for host specificity of mammalian trypanosomes comes from parasites of the subgenus Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma). Laboratory studies have shown that T. (Herpetosoma) species will not infect an alternative host. However, this has not been demonstrated in wild populations. We screened 560 bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) and 148 wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) for trypanosomes by PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene. In total, 109 (19%) bank voles and 12 (8%) wood mice were infected. A HaeIII restriction site was discovered that could be used to discriminate between T. (H.) evotomys of the bank vole and T. (H.) grosi of the wood mouse. All the parasites in the bank voles were identified as T. (Herpetosoma) evotomys by RFLP-PCR. Out of the 12 wood mouse infections 10 were due to T. grosi. Two of the wood mice were infected with parasites with a novel genotype that was most similar to those of T. evotomys and T. microti of voles. Fifty-six fleas collected from the rodents were also screened for trypanosomes; 9 were infected with T. evotomys and 1 with T. grosi. One of the fleas infected with T. evotomys was collected from a wood mouse.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arvicolinae/parasitology
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- England
- Mice/parasitology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Protozoan/chemistry
- RNA, Protozoan/isolation & purification
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/isolation & purification
- Rodent Diseases/genetics
- Rodent Diseases/parasitology
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Siphonaptera/parasitology
- Trypanosoma/chemistry
- Trypanosoma/classification
- Trypanosoma/genetics
- Trypanosomiasis/parasitology
- Trypanosomiasis/veterinary
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Noyes
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Donnan Laboratories, University of Liverpool, UK.
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45
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Bennett M, Begon M. Should the vet, and not just the wellies, be green? Vet J 2001; 162:90-1. [PMID: 11531393 DOI: 10.1053/tvjl.2001.0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Birtles RJ, Hazel SM, Bennett M, Bown K, Raoult D, Begon M. Longitudinal monitoring of the dynamics of infections due to Bartonella species in UK woodland rodents. Epidemiol Infect 2001; 126:323-9. [PMID: 11349984 PMCID: PMC2869698 DOI: 10.1017/s095026880100526x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood samples were repeatedly collected from 12 sympatric woodland rodents over a 12-month period and DNA extracts from each were incorporated into a bartonella-specific PCR targeting a fragment of the 16S/23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR). The composition of each amplicon was analysed using restriction enzyme analysis (REA) and base sequence comparison. Bartonella DNA was detected in 70 of 109 samples. Eleven samples contained DNA derived from more than one strain. Sequence analysis of 62 samples found 12 sequence variants (ISR genotypes) that were provisionally assigned to 5 different species, 2 of which were newly recognized. Up to five different species were detected in each animal. On about two-thirds of occasions, a species detected I month was not there the next, but never was a genotype superseded by another of the same species. However, a genotype could be re-encountered months later in the same animal, even if interim samples contained other genotypes. Our results suggest that although most animals are bacteraemic most of the time, specific infections are often superseded and that a complex and dynamic epidemiology of bartonella bacteraemias exists in woodland rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Birtles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK
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47
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Abstract
Although individual species persist within a web of interactions with other species, data are usually gathered only from the focal species itself. We ask whether evidence of a species' interactions be detected and understood from patterns in the dynamics of that species alone. Theory predicts that strong coupling between a prey and a specialist predator/parasite should lead to an increase in the dimensionality of the prey's dynamics, whereas weak coupling should not. Here we describe a rare test of this prediction. Two natural enemies were added separately to replicate populations of a moth. For biological reasons that we identify here, the prediction of increased dimensionality was confirmed when a parasitoid wasp was added (although this increase had subtleties not previously appreciated), but the prediction failed for an added virus. Thus, an imprint of the interactions may be discerned within time-series data from component species of a system.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Bjørnstad
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, California 93101-3351, USA.
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48
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Hazel SM, Bennett M, Chantrey J, Bown K, Cavanagh R, Jones TR, Baxby D, Begon M. A longitudinal study of an endemic disease in its wildlife reservoir: cowpox and wild rodents. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124:551-62. [PMID: 10982080 PMCID: PMC2810942 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268899003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpox is an orthopoxvirus infection endemic in European wild rodents, but with a wide host range including human beings. In this longitudinal study we examined cowpox in two wild rodent species, bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus and wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus, to investigate the dynamics of a virus in its wild reservoir host. Trapping was carried out at 4-weekly intervals over 3 years and each animal caught was uniquely identified, blood sampled and tested for antibodies to cowpox. Antibody prevalence was higher in bank voles than in wood mice and seroconversion varied seasonally, with peaks in autumn. Infection was most common in males of both species but no clear association with age was demonstrated. This study provides a model for studying other zoonotic infections that derive from wild mammals since other approaches, such as one-off samples, will fail to detect the variation in infection and thus, risk to human health, demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hazel
- Centre for Comparative Infectious Diseases, University of Liverpool
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49
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Abstract
Ecologists seek to understand the rules that govern the assembly, coexistence and persistence of communities of interacting species. There is, however, a variety of sequences in which a multi-species community can be assembled--unlike more familiar one- and two-species systems. Ecological systems can exhibit contrasting dynamics depending on initial conditions, but studies have been focused on simple communities initiated at different densities, not on multi-species communities constructed in different sequences. Investigations of permanence and convergence in ecological communities have been concerned with the flux of whole species (presence or absence) but have not addressed the central issues concerning the dynamics exhibited by individual species in particular interactions. Here we examine data for replicated three-species systems and demonstrate that the dynamic trajectories of both a predator and its prey within the system are determined by the sequence in which it is constructed, and that for one construction-sequence alternative dynamic patterns are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sait
- Population and Evolutionary Biology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Liverpool, UK.
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50
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Birtles RJ, Hazel S, Bown K, Raoult D, Begon M, Bennett M. Subtyping of uncultured bartonellae using sequence comparison of 16 S/23 S rRNA intergenic spacer regions amplified directly from infected blood. Mol Cell Probes 2000; 14:79-87. [PMID: 10799268 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.2000.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the usefulness of a PCR-based approach to the detection and differentiation of Bartonella strains in infected blood. The conservation of potential genus-specific PCR primer hybridisation sites within the 16 S/23 S rRNA gene intragenic spacer regions of Bartonella species was confirmed following sequence analysis of the intragenic spacer regions of four previously untested species. The extent of intra-species variation within the specific amplicons was assessed by comparison of sequences obtained from 17 strains of four Bartonella species. Eight sequence variants were obtained. Each species for which multiple strains were tested possessed at least two intragenic spacer regions variants, but the differences between these strains were markedly less than those observed inter-species. Sequence analysis was performed on 60 amplicons obtained from blood pellets collected from woodland rodent communities in which bartonella infections were known to be highly prevalent. Twelve variants were encountered, only five of which had been found among the studied isolates. Partial intragenic spacer region amplification followed by product sequence analysis offers a potentially sensitive and totally transferable means of inter- and intra-species differentiation of Bartonella strains, and its use in this study has broadened our knowledge of the genotypic spectrum of bartonellae associated with natural infections among UK woodland rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Birtles
- Unité des Rickettsies, UPRESA 6020, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille Cédex 5, 13385, France.
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