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Ledermann J, Shapira-Frommer R, Santin A, Lisyanskaya A, Pignata S, Vergote I, Raspagliesi F, Sonke G, Birrer M, Provencher D, Sehouli J, Colombo N, González Martín A, Oaknin A, Saadatpour A, Kobie J, Jelinic P, Stein K, Matulonis U. 843P Association of gene expression signatures and TMB with response to pembrolizumab (pembro) in patients (pts) with recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) enrolled in KEYNOTE-100. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Caudell J, Torres-Saavedra P, Rosenthal D, Axelrod R, Nguyen-Tan P, Sherman E, Weber R, Galvin J, El-Naggar A, Konski A, Trotti A, Dunlap N, Shenouda G, Singh A, Beitler J, Garsa A, Birrer M, Garden A, Herman T, Le Q. Long-Term Update of NRG Oncology RTOG 0522: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Concurrent Radiation and Cisplatin with or without Cetuximab in Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Moore K, Oza A, Colombo N, Oaknin A, Scambia G, Lorusso D, Farias-Eisner R, Banerjee S, Murphy C, Tanyi J, Hirte H, Konner J, Lim P, Hayes MP, Monk B, Kim S, Wang J, Pautier P, Vergote I, Birrer M. FORWARD I (GOG 3011): A phase III study of mirvetuximab soravtansine, a folate receptor alpha (FRa)-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), versus chemotherapy in patients (pts) with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Banerjee S, Vergotte I, Colombo N, Barve M, Grisham R, Mehr K, Falk M, Beier F, Hennessy M, Schroeder A, Birrer M. Randomized, phase Ib/II study of M6620 + avelumab + carboplatin vs standard care (sc) in patients (pts) with platinum-sensitive poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor-(PARPi)-resistant ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhong H, Athamnah M, Huang M, Geng H, Cheng C, Men K, Rosen M, Rosenthal D, Thorstad W, Ad VB, Trotti A, Roach M, Gore E, Birrer M, Raben D, Shenouda G, Foote R, Fan Y, Xiao Y. Comparisons of Outcome Prediction Performance between Radiomics Features and Clinical Features Based on NRG Oncology/ RTOG-0522. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Matulonis UA, Shapira-Frommer R, Santin AD, Lisyanskaya AS, Pignata S, Vergote I, Raspagliesi F, Sonke GS, Birrer M, Provencher DM, Sehouli J, Colombo N, González-Martín A, Oaknin A, Ottevanger PB, Rudaitis V, Katchar K, Wu H, Keefe S, Ruman J, Ledermann JA. Antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer: results from the phase II KEYNOTE-100 study. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1080-1087. [PMID: 31046082 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer-related death in developed countries and new treatments are needed. Previous studies of immune checkpoint blockade showed low objective response rates (ORR) in ROC with no identified predictive biomarker. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase II study of pembrolizumab (NCT02674061) examined two patient cohorts with ROC: cohort A received one to three prior lines of treatment with a platinum-free interval (PFI) or treatment-free interval (TFI) between 3 and 12 months and cohort B received four to six prior lines with a PFI/TFI of ≥3 months. Pembrolizumab 200 mg was administered intravenously every 3 weeks until cancer progression, toxicity, or completion of 2 years. Primary end points were ORR by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 per blinded independent central review by cohort and by PD-L1 expression measured as combined positive score (CPS). Secondary end points included duration of response (DOR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS Cohort A enrolled 285 patients; the first 100 served as the training set for PD-L1 biomarker analysis. Cohort B enrolled 91 patients. ORR was 7.4% for cohort A and 9.9% for cohort B. Median DOR was 8.2 months for cohort A and not reached for cohort B. DCR was 37.2% and 37.4%, respectively, in cohorts A and B. Based on the training set analysis, CPS 1 and 10 were selected for evaluation in the confirmation set. In the confirmation set, ORR was 4.1% for CPS <1, 5.7% CPS ≥1, and 10.0% for CPS ≥10. PFS was 2.1 months for both cohorts. Median OS was not reached for cohort A and was 17.6 months for cohort B. Toxicities were consistent with other single-agent pembrolizumab trials. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent pembrolizumab showed modest activity in patients with ROC. Higher PD-L1 expression was correlated with higher response. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02674061.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Cohort Studies
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/drug therapy
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Male
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Matulonis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA.
| | - R Shapira-Frommer
- Oncology Institute and Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - A D Santin
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - A S Lisyanskaya
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, City Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Pignata
- Department of Urogynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - I Vergote
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Raspagliesi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - G S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Birrer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - D M Provencher
- Hôpital Notre-Dame - Pavillon L-C Simard, Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - J Sehouli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charité-Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Colombo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - A González-Martín
- Medical Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra; formerly of MD Anderson International España, Madrid
| | - A Oaknin
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P B Ottevanger
- Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V Rudaitis
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vilnius University Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - K Katchar
- Companion Diagnostics, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, USA
| | - H Wu
- BARDS, MSD China, Beijing, China
| | - S Keefe
- Clinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, USA
| | - J Ruman
- Clinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, USA
| | - J A Ledermann
- UCL Cancer Institute and UCL Hospitals, Department of Oncology, University College London, London, UK
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Liu JF, Barry WT, Birrer M, Lee JM, Buckanovich RJ, Fleming GF, Rimel BJ, Buss MK, Nattam SR, Hurteau J, Luo W, Curtis J, Whalen C, Kohn EC, Ivy SP, Matulonis UA. Overall survival and updated progression-free survival outcomes in a randomized phase II study of combination cediranib and olaparib versus olaparib in relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:551-557. [PMID: 30753272 PMCID: PMC6503628 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaparib is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor and cediranib is an oral anti-angiogenic. In the primary analysis of this phase II study, combination cediranib/olaparib improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with olaparib alone in relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. This updated analysis was conducted to characterize overall survival (OS) and update PFS outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety patients were enrolled to this randomized, open-label, phase II study between October 2011 and June 2013 across nine United States-based academic centers. Data cut-off was 21 December 2016, with a median follow-up of 46 months. Participants had relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer of high-grade serous or endometrioid histology or had a deleterious germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAm). Participants were randomized to receive olaparib capsules 400 mg twice daily or cediranib 30 mg daily and olaparib capsules 200 mg twice daily until disease progression. RESULTS In this updated analysis, median PFS remained significantly longer with cediranib/olaparib compared with olaparib alone (16.5 versus 8.2 months, hazard ratio 0.50; P = 0.007). Subset analyses within stratum defined by BRCA status demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PFS (23.7 versus 5.7 months, P = 0.002) and OS (37.8 versus 23.0 months, P = 0.047) in gBRCA wild-type/unknown patients, although OS was not statistically different in the overall study population (44.2 versus 33.3 months, hazard ratio 0.64; P = 0.11). PFS and OS appeared similar between the two arms in gBRCAm patients. The most common CTCAE grade 3/4 adverse events with cediranib/olaparib remained fatigue, diarrhea, and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Combination cediranib/olaparib significantly extends PFS compared with olaparib alone in relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Subset analyses suggest this margin of benefit is driven by PFS prolongation in patients without gBRCAm. OS was also significantly increased by the cediranib/olaparib combination in this subset of patients. Additional studies of this combination are ongoing and should incorporate analyses based upon BRCA status. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT0111648.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Liu
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology.
| | - W T Barry
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - M Birrer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - J-M Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda
| | - R J Buckanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh
| | - G F Fleming
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago
| | - B J Rimel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | - M K Buss
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - S R Nattam
- Department of Oncology, Fort Wayne Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fort Wayne
| | - J Hurteau
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston Hospital, Evanston
| | - W Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - J Curtis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology
| | - C Whalen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology
| | - E C Kohn
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda; Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - S P Ivy
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | - U A Matulonis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology
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Matulonis UA, Wulf GM, Barry WT, Birrer M, Westin SN, Farooq S, Bell-McGuinn KM, Obermayer E, Whalen C, Spagnoletti T, Luo W, Liu H, Hok RC, Aghajanian C, Solit DB, Mills GB, Taylor BS, Won H, Berger MF, Palakurthi S, Liu J, Cantley LC, Winer E. Phase I dose escalation study of the PI3kinase pathway inhibitor BKM120 and the oral poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib for the treatment of high-grade serous ovarian and breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:512-518. [PMID: 27993796 PMCID: PMC5834157 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Based upon preclinical synergy in murine models, we carried out a phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and biomarkers of response for the combination of BKM120, a PI3K inhibitor, and olaparib, a PARP inhibitor. Patients and methods Olaparib was administered twice daily (tablet formulation) and BKM120 daily on a 28-day cycle, both orally. A 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was employed with the primary objective of defining the combination MTD, and secondary objectives were to define toxicities, activity, and pharmacokinetic profiles. Eligibility included recurrent breast (BC) or ovarian cancer (OC); dose-expansion cohorts at the MTD were enrolled for each cancer. Results In total, 69 of 70 patients enrolled received study treatment; one patient never received study treatment because of ineligibility. Twenty-four patients had BC; 46 patients had OC. Thirty-five patients had a germline BRCA mutation (gBRCAm). Two DLTs (grade 3 transaminitis and hyperglycemia) were observed at DL0 (BKM120 60 mg/olaparib and 100 mg b.i.d.). The MTD was determined to be BKM120 50 mg q.d. and olaparib 300 mg b.i.d. (DL8). Additional DLTs included grade 3 depression and transaminitis, occurring early in cycle 2 (DL7). Anticancer activity was observed in BC and OC and in gBRCAm and gBRCA wild-type (gBRCAwt) patients. Conclusions BKM120 and olaparib can be co-administered, but the combination requires attenuation of the BKM120 dose. Clinical benefit was observed in both gBRCAm and gBRCAwt pts. Randomized phase II studies will be needed to further define the efficacy of PI3K/PARP-inhibitor combinations as compared with a PARP inhibitor alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. A. Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - G. M. Wulf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - W. T. Barry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - M. Birrer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - S. N. Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - S. Farooq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | | | - E. Obermayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - C. Whalen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - T. Spagnoletti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - W. Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - H. Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - R. C. Hok
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | | | - D. B. Solit
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - G. B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - B. S. Taylor
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - H. Won
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - M. F. Berger
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - S. Palakurthi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | | | - E. Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
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Labidi-Galy I, Elias K, Tsantoulis P, Vitonis A, Doyle L, Hornick J, Cramer D, Goggins M, Kerr C, Birrer M, Hirsch M, Drapkin R. Primordial germ cell as potent cell of origin of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and mucinous ovarian tumors. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw393.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Castro C, Peterson V, Ullal A, Agasti S, Tuang S, Miller N, Birrer M, Weissleder R. 161 Leveraging a novel DNA barcoding platform for integrated profiling and pharmacodynamic readouts. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Coleman R, Burger R, Brady M, Bookman M, Fowler J, Birrer M, Fleming G, Mannel R, Monk B. Analysis of survivorship in high-risk patients on treated on GOG-218. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Randall L, Burger R, Nguyen H, Kong G, Bookman M, Fleming G, Monk B, Mannel R, Birrer M. Time from completion of chemotherapy to disease progression as a clinically relevant endpoint in women with epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancers treated with and without bevacizumab. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schreiber S, Kerbrat M, Huthwelker T, Birrer M, Ammann M. Coupling a Knudsen reactor with the short lived radioactive tracer (13)N for atmospheric chemistry studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:035101. [PMID: 23556846 DOI: 10.1063/1.4793405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A Knudsen cell flow reactor was coupled to an online gas phase source of the short-lived radioactive tracer (13)N to study the adsorption of nitrogen oxides on ice at temperatures relevant for the upper troposphere. This novel approach has several benefits over the conventional coupling of a Knudsen cell with a mass spectrometer. Experiments at lower partial pressures close to atmospheric conditions are possible. The uptake to the substrate is a direct observable of the experiment. Operation of the experiment in continuous or pulse mode allows to retrieve steady state uptake kinetics and more details of adsorption and desorption kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schreiber
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Chan J, Java J, Monk B, Alvarez-Secord A, Kapp D, Birrer M, Aghajanian C, Bookman M, Kattan M, Burger R. A practical prediction model for determining bevacizumab response and toxicity in the treatment of advanced ovarian and peritoneal cancers – An analysis of GOG 218. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kim S, Vathipadiekal V, Kikuchi J, Mohapatra G, Cho H, Nam E, Kim S, Kim J, Kim Y, Birrer M. Role of synaptotagmin-like 2 (SYTL2) in ovarian cancer progression. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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May T, Virtanen C, Crum C, Xian W, Vathipadiekal V, Birrer M, Rosen B, Murphy K, Tone A. Multi-center gene expression analysis of Mullerian low-grade and high-grade serous carcinoma highlights genes potentially involved in chemotherapy resistance. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Goodman A, Sullivan L, Lafleur K, Penson R, Schorge J, Del Carmen M, Boruta D, Growdon W, Krasner C, Birrer M. Impact of drug shortages on cancer care: The story of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Levanon K, Hirsch M, Miron A, Ligon A, Birrer M, Drapkin R. 1061 POSTER Foxo3a Loss is a Key Event in High-grade Pelvic Serous Carcinogenesis. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Campos S, Atkinson T, Berlin S, Roche M, Whalen C, Matulonis U, Horowitz N, Birrer M, Penson R. STAC: A phase II study of carboplatin/paclitaxel/bevacizumab followed by randomization to either bevacizumab alone or erlotinib and bevacizumab in the upfront management of patients with ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Huthwelker T, Zelenay V, Birrer M, Krepelova A, Raabe J, Tzvetkov G, Vernooij MGC, Ammann M. An in situ cell to study phase transitions in individual aerosol particles on a substrate using scanning transmission x-ray microspectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:113706. [PMID: 21133477 DOI: 10.1063/1.3494604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new in situ cell to study phase transitions and chemical processes on individual aerosol particles in the x-ray transmission microscope at the PolLux beamline of the Swiss light source has been built. The cell is machined from stainless steel and aluminum components and is designed to be used in the standard mount of the microscope without need of complicated rearrangements of the microscope. The cell consists of two parts, a back part which contains connections for the gas supply, heating, cooling devices, and temperature measurement. The second part is a removable clip, which hosts the sample. This clip can be easily exchanged and brought into a sampling unit for aerosol particles. Currently, the cell can be operated at temperatures ranging from -40 to +50 °C. The function of the cell is demonstrated using two systems of submicron size: inorganic sodium bromide aerosols and soot originating from a diesel passenger car. For the sodium bromide we demonstrate how phase transitions can be studied in these systems and that O1s spectra from aqueous sodium bromide solution can be taken from submicron sized particles. For the case of soot, we demonstrate that the uptake of water onto individual soot particles can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Huthwelker
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Vansant G, Pezzoli P, Goldstein W, Monforte J, Birrer M. Development of a gene signature for earlier detection and diagnosis of ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5573 Background: Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of death from cancer among women and is the most fatal cancer among the gynecological malignancies. One of the major reasons for poor prognosis among ovarian cancer patients is the disease is often detected at stages III and IV, where survival rates are very low. For patients at these stages, less than 25% will survive 5 years and ultimately 75% of women diagnosed at these late stages will die. The current biomarker predominantly used for detection of ovarian cancer and monitoring of patients for relapse during therapy is the mucin 16 gene product CA125. The utility of this biomarker is limited because its expression is not always isolated to tumor tissue and in fact its expression is not associated with 40% of stage I tumors. Methods: Genes were selected that have been shown to have significant expression differences in primary ovarian tumors versus normal surface ovarian epithelium and were used to develop a multiplex RT-PCR assay for monitoring the expression of these genes. We extracted RNA from samples representative of patients with cancers of various stages (1A through 4B) and diagnoses as well as disease free subjects and monitored the expression of the potential genetic biomarkers in these samples with the developed multiplex assay. Results: Cluster analysis of the gene expression data successfully grouped the different stages together with very high specificity including the samples from the stage I patients. One stage I sample clustered with the stage III and IVs. This was from a patient with a poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinoma, a characteristically aggressive tumor which may be physiologically more similar to the later stage tumors. Conclusions: In these experiments we sought to identify and evaluate potential biomarkers that could be used in parallel for early detection and for monitoring patients during treatment. Initial results from this study revealed genes that have the potential to be part of a gene signature assay panel for early detection and patient treatment monitoring for ovarian cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Vansant
- Althea Technologies, San Diego, CA; NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - P. Pezzoli
- Althea Technologies, San Diego, CA; NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - W. Goldstein
- Althea Technologies, San Diego, CA; NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - J. Monforte
- Althea Technologies, San Diego, CA; NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - M. Birrer
- Althea Technologies, San Diego, CA; NIH, Bethesda, MD
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McElligott AG, Birrer M, Vannoni E. Retraction of the mobile descended larynx during groaning enables fallow bucks (Dama dama) to lower their formant frequencies. J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Unterweger M, Froehlich JM, Kubik-Huch RA, Seifert B, Birrer M, Huber T, Otto R. Dose optimization of contrast-enhanced carotid MR angiography. Eur Radiol 2005; 15:1797-805. [PMID: 15875194 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-005-2756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to compare the diagnostic performance of a single-contrast or a double-contrast dose of carotid contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA). One-hundred nineteen patients (mean age 65+/-14.4 years) underwent carotid contrast-enhanced MRA with a standardized protocol (repetition time/echo 3.73 ms/1.38 ms, flip-angle 25 degrees, acquisition-time 19 s, voxel size 1.2 x 1.2 x 0.9 mm3) on a 1.5-T scanner (Sonata, Siemens-Medical-Systems) using a neck phased-array coil. Contrast agent was administered intravenously at a rate of 3.0 ml/s, either as a single dose (n=57; 0.1 mmol/kg body weight) or as a double dose (n=62; 0.2 mmol/kg body weight) of meglumine gadoterate (0.5 M/l), followed by 30 ml saline. Qualitative image analysis was performed on maximum intensity projections using a five-point scale. Signal intensities were measured at three different vascular levels on both sides to assess the contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs). Image quality was rated as good or excellent in all cases. A double dose did not influence the efficacy of carotid enhancement (CNR single dose 69.12+/-19.8; CNR double dose 70.01+/-20.7; p = 0.81) compared with a single dose. In both dose groups the mean CNRs were inversely related to bodyweight, despite adjusted contrast volumes (p=0.0005). Double-dose contrast-enhanced carotid MRA is not superior to single-dose MRA, as overall diagnostic performance and quantitative contrast enhancement are equal. Being more cost-efficient, a single-dose administration of contrast agent is recommended for MRA of the carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Unterweger
- Cantonal Hospital Baden, Institute of Radiology, 5404, Baden, Switzerland.
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24
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Bonome T, Buckanovich R, Birrer M, Coukos G. Expression profiling of ovarian epithelial cancers with intratumoral T cells identifies genes mediating the host immune response: Implications for survival. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Bonome
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R. Buckanovich
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M. Birrer
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G. Coukos
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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25
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Birrer M, Do DD, Mahler F, Triller J, Baumgartner I. Treatment of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia with balloon angioplasty: a prospective follow-up study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2002; 23:146-52. [PMID: 11863332 DOI: 10.1053/ejvs.2001.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to assess restenosis rates and blood pressure response after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in patients treated for fibromuscular dysplastic renal artery stenosis. METHODS a prospective 12-month follow-up study of 27 patients with 31 treated renal artery stenosis. Follow-up assessment included colour-coded duplex sonography (CCD) of renal arteries, monitoring of blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and creatinine measurements before discharge and at 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary end point was defined as a haemodynamically significant restenosis >60% assessed by CCD. RESULTS there was a cumulative 23% restenosis rate at 12 months. Arterial hypertension was cured or improved in 93% of patients immediately after the intervention and remained cured/improved in 74% of patients at 12 months of follow-up. Renal failure present in five patients before PTRA stabilised or improved in all patients. CONCLUSION although restenosis rate after PTRA in fibromuscular dysplasia is as high as in non-ostial atherosclerotic lesions, there remains a considerable higher therapeutic effect. Profound pressure response and recurrent arterial hypertension with restenosis support the high probability of a renovascular origin of arterial hypertension in this young and otherwise healthy population compared to patients with atherosclerotic renal artery lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Birrer
- Swiss Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Abstract
In patients with diabetic angiopathy until today, no histological nor histochemical evidence has been found to define a specific type of diabetic arteriopathy. Consequently, diabetic arteriosclerosis is considered as a more serious form of atherosclerosis characterized by its premature onset. Hyperglycemia is assumed to be the crucial pathophysiological cause of the development of macro- and microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus. Apparently, hyperglycemia has a direct toxic influence on the arterial wall by increased accumulation of irreversible glycosylation end products, and secondly, it provokes endothelial dysfunction. The frequently occurring ulcerations of the diabetic foot are primarily caused by neuropathy; however, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is often associated. The risk of suffering from PVD in diabetic patients is approximately four-fold. Usually, the distal segments of the lower leg arteries are concerned, where reconstructive intervention is complicated or even impossible. Diabetes is considered as an independent risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases with almost twice as high rates for recurrent myocardial infarction, and a 3.7 fold higher relative risk for stroke in diabetic, compared to non-diabetic patients. This review looks at the correlations between hyperglycemia and arteriosclerosis, but also the treatment options in diabetic patients. Until now, there is no evidence for an association between an optimal control of blood glucose levels and a decrease in the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, or PVD. In contrast, an attenuation of microvascular lesions is achieved by stringent control of blood glucose levels. Thus, although the development of macroangiopathy may not be significantly influenced, the conduction of a stringent control regimen of plasmatic glucose levels is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Birrer
- Schweizerisches Herz- und Gefässzentrum, Inselspital Bern, Schweiz.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- M Birrer
- Swiss Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
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28
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Abstract
MCF7 breast tumor cells overexpressing human c-Jun exhibit a transformed phenotype characterized not only by increased tumorigenicity but also by enhanced motility and invasion. The cellular phenotypic response to c-Jun overexpression is likely due, at least in part, to altered patterns of gene expression. In order to begin to understand the complexities by which elevated production of c-Jun alters the state of the cell, we have profiled the expression of 588 different genes by comparative hybridization. By using this approach, we have identified a total of 21 upregulated or downregulated gene targets responsive to c-Jun overexpression. Interestingly, 8 of these genes have been previously found associated with c-Jun or AP-1 activity and therefore provide internal validation for this approach to target gene discovery. The remaining 13 genes represent potential new c-Jun regulated target genes. Genomic sequence information was available for 15 of the 21 genes identified in this screen. Analysis of these genomic sequences revealed the presence of AP-1 or AP-1-like sequences in 12 of the 15 genes examined. Consistent with a direct mechanism of target regulation by c-Jun, gel shift analysis of selected AP-1-containing promoter regions revealed elevated and specific binding by proteins present in nuclear extracts of c-Jun expressing MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rinehart-Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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29
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Korsakas S, Chatterjee T, Reber PU, Bockisch G, Birrer M. [Giant, isolated aneurysms of the common iliac artery]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 2000; 130:1501. [PMID: 11075415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Korsakas
- Angiologisch-gefässchirurgische Poliklinik, Schweizer Herz- und Gefässzentrum Bern, Universitätsspital (Inselspital)
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30
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Baumgartner I, von Aesch K, Do DD, Triller J, Birrer M, Mahler F. Stent placement in ostial and nonostial atherosclerotic renal arterial stenoses: a prospective follow-up study. Radiology 2000; 216:498-505. [PMID: 10924577 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.216.2.r00au06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the results of balloon percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) and stent placement in atherosclerotic ostial, proximal, and isolated truncal stenoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 1994 and April 1998 the authors prospectively followed up 163 consecutive patients with 200 atherosclerotic renal arterial lesions after primary PTRA or primary stent placement. Duplex ultrasonography was performed 1 day and 3, 6, and 12 months later. RESULTS The primary 12-month PTRA patency rates were 34% (21 of 33 atherosclerotic lesions) for ostial stenoses, 65% (20 of 60) for proximal stenoses, and 83% (five of 30) for truncal stenoses (chi(2) value, 15.63; P <.001). The corresponding stent patency rates were 80% (four of 21), 72% (nine of 34), and 66% (five of nine), respectively (chi(2) value, 4.11; not significant). Significant stent-related reduction in risk of restenosis was limited to the ostial stenoses (P =.002). CONCLUSION Renal arterial stent placement considerably improves patency in ostial stenoses, but compared with the technically successful PTRA, it does not significantly improve primary patency in proximal and isolated truncal renal arterial stenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Baumgartner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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31
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Zehnder T, Birrer M, Do DD, Baumgartner I, Triller J, Nachbur B, Mahler F. Percutaneous catheter thrombus aspiration for acute or subacute arterial occlusion of the legs: how much thrombolysis is needed? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2000; 20:41-6. [PMID: 10906296 DOI: 10.1053/ejvs.2000.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of a combined percutaneous endovascular approach including thrombus aspiration, catheter thrombolysis, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to treat acute and subacute occlusions of native leg arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of this catheter therapy in 89 consecutive patients (93 legs) in a single centre. RESULTS Treatment was initially successful in 90% of legs. Mortality at 30 days was 8%, and at 12 months 19%. Amputation-free survival at 12 months was 78%. Aspiration alone was sufficient in 31% of cases, urokinase (mean dose 112 500+/-55 900 IU) was used in 22%, PTA was added in 69%. There was no major bleeding except for one false aneurysm treated by ultrasound-guided compression. Secondary interventions within 12 months were required in 30% of cases (14 endovascular, 16 open surgical procedures). CONCLUSIONS Catheter thrombus aspiration in combination with thrombolysis and/or PTA is highly effective. Only in a minority of patients are thrombolytics in modest doses necessary, and serious bleeding complications are rare. We recommend this procedure as first-line treatment for acute or subacute infrainguinal arterial occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zehnder
- Division of Angiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Cartee L, Vrana JA, Wang Z, Park JS, Birrer M, Fisher PB, Grant S, Dent P. Inhibition of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway potentiates radiation-induced cell killing via cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition and independently of increased signaling by the JNK/c-Jun pathway. Int J Oncol 2000; 16:413-22. [PMID: 10639586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of low dose ionizing radiation (2 Gy) to modulate the activities of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1) cascades in human monocytic leukemia (U937/pREP4) cells and in cells over-expressing dominant negative c-Jun (TAM67) (U937/TAM67) was investigated. Radiation exposure caused prolonged ( approximately 1 h) MAPK activations in U937 cells. In contrast, low dose irradiation weakly modulated JNK1 activity in these cells. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway by use of the specific MEK1/2 inhibitor (10 microM PD98059) in both U937/pREP4 and U937/TAM67 cells prior to radiation exposure permitted strong prolonged radiation-induced activations of JNK1. Expression of TAM67 decreased the ability of radiation to cause apoptosis compared to control transfected cells. However, combined MEK1/2 inhibition and radiation exposure in both cell types caused a large decrease in suspension culture growth and a large increase in apoptosis, when compared to either treatment alone. Reduced proliferation after combined irradiation and PD98059 treatment in both cell types correlated with prolonged cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Prolonged growth arrest was abolished when MEK1/2 inhibitor was removed 6 h following irradiation, which was associated with a reduction in apoptosis. The ability of MEK1/2 inhibition to cause prolonged G2/M growth arrest was reduced in U937 cells stably transfected with a p21Cip-1/WAF1 antisense construct (U937/p21AS). This data correlated with an enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis and a reduced ability of MEK1/2 inhibition to potentiate apoptosis. Collectively our data demonstrate that inhibition of MEK1/2 function increases the radiation sensitivity of U937 cells, independently of c-Jun function, and decreases the ability of these cells to recover from the radiation-induced G2/M cell cycle checkpoint arrest. In addition, our data also demonstrate that the ability of MEK1/2 inhibition to potentiate radiation-induced cell death in U937 cells in part requires an ability of cells to express low levels of p21Cip-1/WAF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cartee
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA
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33
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Park JS, Boyer S, Mitchell K, Gilfor D, Birrer M, Darlington G, El Deiry W, Firestone GL, Munger K, Band V, Fisher PB, Dent P. Expression of human papilloma virus E7 protein causes apoptosis and inhibits DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes via increased expression of p21(Cip-1/WAF1/MDA6). J Biol Chem 2000; 275:18-28. [PMID: 10617580 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of human papilloma virus (HPV16) E7 proteins and retinoblastoma (RB) antisense oligonucleotides upon mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated inhibition of DNA synthesis via p21(Cip-1/WAF1/MDA6) (p21) was determined in primary hepatocytes. Prolonged activation of the MAPK pathway in p21(+/+) or p21(-/-) hepatocytes caused a large decrease and increase, respectively, in DNA synthesis. Either transfection with RB antisense oligonucleotides, expression of wild type E7, or RB binding mutant E7 (C24S) proteins increased p21 levels and reduced DNA synthesis in p21(+/+) hepatocytes. RB antisense oligonucleotides and E7 proteins increased apoptosis in p21(+/+), but not p21(-/-), hepatocytes. Expression of wild type E7 increased DNA synthesis above control levels in p21(-/-) cells, which was additive with prolonged MAPK activation. In contrast, expression of mutant E7 did not alter DNA synthesis above control levels in p21(-/-) cells and was supra-additive with prolonged MAPK activation. Antisense ablation of RB in p21(-/-) hepatocytes had a weak stimulatory effect upon DNA synthesis itself but enhanced the capacity of mutant E7 protein to stimulate DNA synthesis to the same level observed using wild type E7. The ability of prolonged MAPK activation to stimulate DNA synthesis in the presence of mutant E7 and antisense RB was additive. Collectively, the present data demonstrate that loss of RB function together with loss of p21 function plays an important role in the E7- and MAPK-dependent modulation of apoptosis and DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Johnson AC, Murphy BA, Matelis CM, Rubinstein Y, Piebenga EC, Akers LM, Neta G, Vinson C, Birrer M. Activator protein-1 mediates induced but not basal epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression. Mol Med 2000; 6:17-27. [PMID: 10803405 PMCID: PMC1949911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed at different levels in many cell types and found overexpressed in many cancers. EGFR expression is increased or decreased in response to extracellular stimuli. We examined the effect of increased c-Jun expression on EGFR promoter activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used DNAse I foot-printing analysis to determine the binding of activator protein 1 (AP-1) to the promoter region. We also used cotransfection experiments and western blotting analysis to determine the effect of AP-1 family members on EGFR expression. RESULTS AP-1 was able to bind to at least seven sites in the EGFR promoter region. Cotransfection of MCF-7 cells with a c-Jun expression vector and the EGFR promoter reporter resulted in a 7-fold increase in promoter activity. JunB, but not c-fos, also enhanced the EGFR promoter activity. An A-Fos-dominant negative shown to inhibit Jun-dependent transactivation was able to prevent c-Jun induction of the promoter activity, but only slightly decreased the basal activity of the promoter. Furthermore, the A-Fos dominant negative was able to inhibit phorbol ester induction of the EGFR promoter. Examination of EGFR expression of MCF-7 stable cell lines that overexpress c-Jun revealed an increase in EGFR expression. Additionally, a cisplatin-resistant cell line, A2780/CP70, which has an increase in AP-1 activity compared with the parental cell line, A2780, was found to have an increase in EGFR level. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that AP-1 can act to increase the expression of EGFR and may play a role in upregulation of EGFR in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Johnson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.
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Carter S, Auer KL, Reardon DB, Birrer M, Fisher PB, Valerie K, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Mikkelsen R, Dent P. Inhibition of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade potentiates cell killing by low dose ionizing radiation in A431 human squamous carcinoma cells. Oncogene 1998; 16:2787-96. [PMID: 9652746 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism(s) by which tumor cells survive after exposure to ionizing radiation are not fully understood. Exposure of A431 cells to low doses of radiation (1 Gy) caused prolonged activations of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase and stress activated protein (SAP) kinase pathways, and induced p21(Cip-1/WAF1) via a MAP kinase dependent mechanism. In contrast, higher doses of radiation (6 Gy) caused a much weaker activation of the MAP kinase cascade, but a similar degree of SAP kinase cascade activation. In the presence of MAP kinase blockade by the specific MEK1 inhibitor (PD98059) the basal activity of the SAP kinase pathway was enhanced twofold, and the ability of a 1 Gy radiation exposure to activate the SAP kinase pathway was increased approximately sixfold 60 min after irradiation. In the presence of MAP kinase blockade by PD98059 the ability of a single 1 Gy exposure to cause double stranded DNA breaks (TUNEL assay) was enhanced at least threefold over the following 24-48 h. The increase in DNA damage within 48 h was also mirrored by a similar decrease in A431 cell growth as judged by MTT assays over the next 4-8 days following radiation exposure. This report demonstrates that the MAP kinase cascade is a key cytoprotective pathway in A431 human squamous carcinoma cells which is activated in response to clinically used doses of ionizing radiation. Inhibition of this pathway potentiates the ability of low dose radiation exposure to induce cell death in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Virginia, VCU, Richmond, USA
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Zagariya A, Mungre S, Lovis R, Birrer M, Ness S, Thimmapaya B, Pope R. Tumor necrosis factor alpha gene regulation: enhancement of C/EBPbeta-induced activation by c-Jun. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:2815-24. [PMID: 9566900 PMCID: PMC110660 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.5.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1997] [Accepted: 02/12/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a key regulatory cytokine whose expression is controlled by a complex set of stimuli in a variety of cell types. Previously, we found that the monocyte/macrophage-enriched nuclear transcription factor C/EBPbeta played an important role in the regulation of the TNF alpha gene in myelomonocytic cells. Abundant evidence suggests that other transcription factors participate as well. Here we have analyzed interactions between C/EBPbeta and c-Jun, a component of the ubiquitously expressed AP-1 complex. In phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-treated Jurkat T cells, which did not possess endogenous C/EBPbeta, expression of c-Jun by itself had relatively little effect on TNF alpha promoter activity. However, the combination of C/EBPbeta and c-Jun was synergistic, resulting in greater than 130-fold activation. This effect required both the leucine zipper and DNA binding domains, but not the transactivation domain, of c-Jun, plus the AP-1 binding site centered 102/103 bp upstream of the transcription start site in the TNF alpha promoter. To determine if C/EBPbeta and c-Jun might cooperate to regulate the cellular TNF alpha gene in myelomonocytic cells, U937 cells that possess endogenous C/EBPbeta and were stably transfected with either wild-type c-Jun or the transactivation domain deletion mutant (TAM-67) were examined. U937 cells expressing ectopic wild-type c-Jun or TAM-67 secreted over threefold more TNF alpha than the control line in response to PMA plus lipopolysaccharide. Transient transfection of the U937 cells expressing TAM-67 suggested that TAM-67 binding to the -106/-99-bp AP-1 binding site cooperated with endogenous C/EBPbeta in the activation of the -120 TNF alpha promoter-reporter. DNA binding assays using oligonucleotides derived from the TNF alpha promoter suggested that C/EBPbeta and c-Jun interact in vitro and that the interaction may be DNA dependent. Our data demonstrate that the TNF alpha gene is regulated by the interaction of the ubiquitous AP-1 complex protein c-Jun and the monocyte/macrophage-enriched transcription factor C/EBPbeta and that this interaction contributes to the expression of the cellular TNF alpha gene in myelomonocytic cells. This interaction was unique in that it did not require the c-Jun transactivation domain, providing new insight into the cell-type-specific regulation of the TNF alpha gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zagariya
- Department of Medicine, and Veterans Administration Lakeside Medical Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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37
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Auer KL, Contessa J, Brenz-Verca S, Pirola L, Rusconi S, Cooper G, Abo A, Wymann MP, Davis RJ, Birrer M, Dent P. The Ras/Rac1/Cdc42/SEK/JNK/c-Jun cascade is a key pathway by which agonists stimulate DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Mol Biol Cell 1998; 9:561-73. [PMID: 9487126 PMCID: PMC25285 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.9.3.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of signaling via the JNK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase)/stress-activated protein kinase cascade to stimulate or inhibit DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes was examined. Treatment of hepatocytes with media containing hyperosmotic glucose (75 mM final), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha, 1 ng/ml final), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, 1 ng/ml final) caused activation of JNK1. Glucose, TNFalpha, or HGF treatments increased phosphorylation of c-Jun at serine 63 in the transactivation domain and stimulated hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Infection of hepatocytes with poly-L-lysine-coated adenoviruses coupled to constructs to express either dominant negatives Ras N17, Rac1 (N17), Cdc42 (N17), SEK1-, or JNK1- blunted the abilities of glucose, TNFalpha, or HGF to increase JNK1 activity, to increase phosphorylation of c-Jun at serine 63, and to stimulate DNA synthesis. Furthermore, infection of hepatocytes by a recombinant adenovirus expressing a dominant-negative c-Jun mutant (TAM67) also blunted the abilities of glucose, TNFalpha, and HGF to stimulate DNA synthesis. These data demonstrate that multiple agonists stimulate DNA synthesis in primary cultures of hepatocytes via a Ras/Rac1/Cdc42/SEK/JNK/c-Jun pathway. Glucose and HGF treatments reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity and increased c-Jun DNA binding. Co-infection of hepatocytes with recombinant adenoviruses to express dominant- negative forms of PI3 kinase (p110alpha/p110gamma) increased basal GSK3 activity, blocked the abilities of glucose and HGF treatments to inhibit GSK3 activity, and reduced basal c-Jun DNA binding. However, expression of dominant-negative PI3 kinase (p110alpha/p110gamma) neither significantly blunted the abilities of glucose and HGF treatments to increase c-Jun DNA binding, nor inhibited the ability of these agonists to stimulate DNA synthesis. These data suggest that signaling by the JNK/stress-activated protein kinase cascade, rather than by the PI3 kinase cascade, plays the pivotal role in the ability of agonists to stimulate DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Auer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0058, USA
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38
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Abstract
The effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) hybrid, a synthetic antagonist, was investigated on NIH/3T3 cells containing PACAP receptor (R) splice variants (SVs). PACAPhybrid inhibited 125I-PACAP-27 binding to NIH/3T3 cells stably expressing PACAP-R basic, SV-1, SV-2 or SV-3 with an IC50 of 1000 nM. PACAPhybrid antagonized the ability of PACAP-27 to elevate cAMP regardless of the PACAP-R SV used. PACAP was more efficacious at increasing cytosolic Ca2+ in NIH/3T3 cells containing PACAP-R SV-2 than PACAP-R basic, SV-1 or SV-3. PACAPhybrid antagonized the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ caused by PACAP-27 regardless of the PACAP-R SV used. PACAP was more potent at elevating c-fos mRNA using NIH/3T3 cells transfected with PACAP-R SV-2 than PACAP-R basic, SV-1 or SV-3. PACAPhybrid antagonized the increase in c-fos mRNA caused by PACAP-27. These data suggest that PACAPhybrid is a useful PACAP receptor antagonist for PACAP-R SVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Pisegna
- CURE: VA/UCLA, Digestive Diseases Center, West L.A. VA Medical Center, CA 90073, USA
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39
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Zia H, Hida T, Jakowlew S, Birrer M, Gozes Y, Reubi JC, Fridkin M, Gozes I, Moody TW. Breast cancer growth is inhibited by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) hybrid, a synthetic VIP receptor antagonist. Cancer Res 1996; 56:3486-9. [PMID: 8758916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors were characterized. Using in vitro autoradiographic techniques, 125I-labeled VIP bound with high affinity to breast biopsy sections. 125I-labeled VIP bound specifically to give breast cancer cell lines examined using receptor-binding techniques. Specific 125I-labeled VIP binding to MDA-MB-231 cells was inhibited with high affinity by VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (IC50, = 2 nM) and with moderate affinity by the VIP hybrid (IC50 = 0.5 microM). VIP elevated the cAMP in a dose-dependent manner, and VIP hybrid (10 microM) inhibited the increase in cAMP caused by VIP. Using Northern blot analysis, VIP (10 nM) stimulated c-fos and c-myc mRNA, and the increase caused by VIP was reversed by the VIP hybrid. The VIP hybrid inhibited breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo using nude mice bearing breast cancer xenografts. These data suggest that the VIP hybrid is a breast cancer VIP receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zia
- Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
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40
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Abstract
The effects of PACAP on c-fos mRNA using small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell was investigated. PACAP-27 (100 nM) increased c-fos mRNA 5-fold using NCI-N417 cells. The increase was concentration dependent with 0.1 nM PACAP-27 half maximally increasing c-fos mRNA. Also the increase in c-fos mRNA caused by PACAP was time dependent; being maximal after 1 hour and returning to basal values after 4 hours. PACAP-38 but not PACAP(28-38) increased c-fos mRNA. One uM PACAP(6-38), a PACAP receptor antagonist, inhibited the increase in c-fos mRNA caused by 1 nM PACAP. These data indicate that PACAP stimulates nuclear oncogene expression in SCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Draoui
- Dept. Microbiology, George Washington Univ. Med., Ctr., Washington, DC 20037, USA
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41
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Lengye E, Singh B, Gum R, Nerlov C, Sabichi A, Birrer M, Boyd D. Regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression by the v-mos oncogene. Oncogene 1995; 11:2639-48. [PMID: 8545121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We undertook a study to determine if the serine-threonine kinase-encoding v-mos oncogene regulated the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator. An expression vector encoding v-mos, but not a kinase-inactive mutant, stimulated urokinase promoter activity in CAT assays employing a squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The induction of urokinase promoter activity by v-mos was mediated, in part, via an increased AP-1 activity since (a) mutation of 2 AP-1 binding sites (at -1967 and -1885), or the co-expression of a transactivation domain-lacking c-jun mutant reduced the induction of the urokinase promoter by v-mos and (b) expression of v-mos increased the activity of a CAT reporter driven by three AP-1 tandem repeats. The stimulation of the urokinase promoter by v-mos was partially countered by co-expression of an ERK1/ERK2-inactivating phosphatase. Western blotting and zymographic analysis indicated that v-mos-transformed NIH3T3 cells (MSV NIH-3T3) secreted more urokinase compared with NIH3T3 cells and this was associated with a higher level of activated ERK1 and ERK2. Expression of a catalytically-inactive MAPKK mutant reduced the activity of a urokinase promoter-driven CAT reporter in the MSV NIH-3T3 cells. In conclusion, the data herein indicate that urokinase expression is regulated by v-mos through a MAPKK-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lengye
- Department of Tumor Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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42
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Abstract
The effects of bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (BN/GRP) on c-fos and c-jun gene expression were investigated using small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. BN (10 nM) increased c-fos mRNA fivefold using NCI-H345 or NCI-H510 cells. The increase was concentration dependent with 1 nM BN half-maximally increasing c-fos mRNA. Also, the increase in c-fos mRNA caused by BN was time dependent, being maximal after 1 h and returning to basal values after 4 h. GRP and GRP(14-27) but not GRP(1-16) increased c-fos mRNA. BW2258U89 (1 microM), a GRP receptor antagonist, had no effect on basal c-fos but inhibited the increase in c-fos mRNA caused by 10 nM BN. Also, BN transiently increased c-jun mRNA twofold and the increase caused by BN was blocked by BW2258U89. These data suggest that GRP receptors may regulate nuclear oncogene gene expression in SCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Draoui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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43
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Brown P, Seigfried J, Nader L, Chen T, Szabo E, Sabichi A, Preis L, Birrer M. Effects of a dominant-negative inhibitor of c-jun in lung cancer cell lines. Lung Cancer 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-5002(94)90669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Kurie JM, Brown P, Salk E, Scheinberg D, Birrer M, Deutsch P, Dmitrovsky E. Cooperation between retinoic acid and phorbol esters enhances human teratocarcinoma differentiation. Differentiation 1993; 54:115-22. [PMID: 8243888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1993.tb00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study explored cooperation between the retinoic acid (RA) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways during differentiation of the multipotential human teratocarcinoma (TC) cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (abbreviated NT2/D1). We report here that, compared to RA treatment alone, RA combined with the PKC stimulator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) enhanced the regulated expression of the immunophenotypic differentiation markers SSEA-3, a globo-series carbohydrate, and the ganglio-series carbohydrate antigens GD2 and GD3. Northern analysis and transient transfection assays revealed that TPA co-treatment augmented the RA-induced expression and activation of the RA nuclear receptor-beta (RAR-beta), one early marker of RA response in NT2/D1 cells. This finding was extended with transient co-transfection experiments using a PKC-alpha expression vector which revealed that the PKC pathway can augment the activation of RAR-beta by RA. These experiments establish PKC as a modulator of RAR-beta expression in NT2/D1 cells. Similarly, experiments showed that RA can modulate activation of the PKC-responsive AP-1 complex, a transcription factor rapidly activated by TPA. Northern analysis and transient transfection assays revealed that, compared to TPA treatment alone, RA and TPA augmented the expression and transcriptional activity of AP-1 in NT2/D1 cells. In contrast, transient transfection assays revealed no cooperative effect between RA and TPA in HeLa cells, indicating that this effect in NT2/D1 cells is cell type-specific. In summary, these studies show that stimulation of the PKC second messenger pathway can modulate tumor differentiation and transcriptional activation of a retinoid receptor associated with RA response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kurie
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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45
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Mulshine JL, Birrer M, Treston AM, Scott F, Quinn K, Avis I, Cuttitta F. Growth factors and other targets for rational application as intervention agents. Adv Exp Med Biol 1992; 320:81-8. [PMID: 1442286 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3468-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Mulshine
- Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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46
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Smeal T, Binetruy B, Mercola DA, Birrer M, Karin M. Oncogenic and transcriptional cooperation with Ha-Ras requires phosphorylation of c-Jun on serines 63 and 73. Nature 1991; 354:494-6. [PMID: 1749429 DOI: 10.1038/354494a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances indicate a link between tumour promoters, transformation, and AP-1 activity. Protein kinase C activation increases AP-1 DNA-binding activity independently of new protein synthesis. AP-1 is also stimulated by transforming oncoproteins and growth factors. These proteins are thought to participate in a signalling cascade affecting the nuclear AP-1 complex composed of the Jun and Fos proteins. Because c-Jun is the most potent transactivator in the AP-1 complex and is elevated in Ha-ras-transformed cells, in which c-Fos is downregulated, we focused on it as a potential target. c-Jun could convert input from an oncogenic signalling cascade into changes in gene expression. Indeed, transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts by c-Jun requires an intact transcriptional activation domain and cooperation with oncogenic Ha-ras. Expression of oncogenic Ha-ras augments transactivation by c-Jun and stimulates its phosphorylation. Here we describe the mapping of the Ha-ras-responsive phosphorylation sites to serines 63 and 73 of c-Jun. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that phosphorylation of these serines is essential for stimulation of c-Jun activity and for cooperation with Ha-ras in ocogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Smeal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093-0636
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47
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Minna JD, Schütte J, Viallet J, Thomas F, Kaye FJ, Takahashi T, Nau M, Whang-Peng J, Birrer M, Gazdar AF. Transcription factors and recessive oncogenes in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer. Int J Cancer Suppl 1989; 4:32-4. [PMID: 2530182 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910440709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Minna
- NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814
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48
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De Greve J, Battey J, Fedorko J, Birrer M, Evan G, Kaye F, Sausville E, Minna J. The human L-myc gene encodes multiple nuclear phosphoproteins from alternatively processed mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8:4381-8. [PMID: 3054516 PMCID: PMC365511 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.10.4381-4388.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human proto-oncogene L-myc generates at least four different mRNAs by alternative RNA processing. We have identified two phosphorylated L-myc proteins with molecular masses of 60,000 and 66,000 daltons [p60L-myc(human) and p66L-myc(human)] in a small-cell carcinoma line expressing high levels of L-myc mRNA. These proteins have a short half-life and are localized to the nuclear matrix fraction, as previously reported for the c-myc and N-myc proteins. In vitro translation experiments demonstrated that both the p60 and p66 species are encoded by a 3.9-kilobase (kb) mRNA which retains intron 1, while only the p60 protein is translated from a 3.6-kb L-myc mRNA which has had intron 1 removed. While L-myc proteins [p32L-myc(human) and p37L-myc(human)] could be synthesized in vitro from 2.2-kb mRNA templates, no such proteins were detected by immunoprecipitation in vivo. These observations suggest that alternative RNA processing of the L-myc transcript could play a role in determining the steady-state levels of the p60L-myc and p66L-myc proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Greve
- National Cancer Institute and Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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49
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Krystal G, Birrer M, Way J, Nau M, Sausville E, Thompson C, Minna J, Battey J. Multiple mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of the myc gene family in small-cell lung cancer. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8:3373-81. [PMID: 2850489 PMCID: PMC363573 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.8.3373-3381.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms reported to regulate the expression of myc family genes are multiple and complex and include gene amplification, transcriptional activation, transcriptional attenuation, and mRNA stability. We have investigated which of these mechanisms are responsible for the extreme variation in myc gene family mRNA levels observed in human small-cell lung cancer cell lines. In addition to gene amplification, a block to nascent mRNA chain elongation, causing attenuation of transcription, is an important regulatory mechanism controlling the steady-state levels of c-myc and L-myc mRNA. The loss of transcriptional attenuation is correlated with overexpression of these two genes in cell lines which do not show gene amplification. Expression of c-myc mRNA appears to be dependent on promoter activity and attenuator function. In contrast, regulation of expression of the N-myc gene does not involve transcriptional attenuation; steady-state mRNA levels are correlated with promoter activity as well as gene amplification. We conclude that transcriptional regulation of each member of the myc gene family is accomplished by a different assortment of complex mechanisms, including gene copy number, promoter activation, and transcriptional attenuation. Interference at multiple points in this complex regulatory process appears to be an important mechanism by which small-cell lung cancer and other human tumors evade growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Krystal
- NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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50
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Kaye F, Battey J, Nau M, Brooks B, Seifter E, De Greve J, Birrer M, Sausville E, Minna J. Structure and expression of the human L-myc gene reveal a complex pattern of alternative mRNA processing. Mol Cell Biol 1988; 8:186-95. [PMID: 2827002 PMCID: PMC363100 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.1.186-195.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed in detail the structure of the L-myc gene isolated from human placental DNA and characterized its expression in several small-cell lung cancer cell lines. The gene is composed of three exons and two introns spanning 6.6 kilobases in human DNA. Several distinct mRNA species are produced in all small-cell lung cancer cell lines that express L-myc. These transcripts are generated from a single gene by alternative splicing of introns 1 and 2 and by use of alternative polyadenylation signals. In some mRNAs there is a long open reading frame with a predicted translated protein of 364 residues. Amino acid sequence comparison with c-myc and N-myc demonstrated multiple discrete regions with extensive homology. In contrast, other mRNA transcripts, generated by alternative processing, could encode a truncated protein with a novel carboxy-terminal end.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kaye
- NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland
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