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Mehta M, Goldfarb DS. New use of thiazide diuretics vs. nonthiazide antihypertensive drugs was linked to hyponatremia over 2 y. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:JC58. [PMID: 38710078 DOI: 10.7326/j24-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
SOURCE CITATION Andersson NW, Wohlfahrt J, Feenstra B, et al. Cumulative incidence of thiazide-induced hyponatremia: a population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2024;177:1-11. 38109740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Mehta
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (M.M., D.S.G.)
| | - David S Goldfarb
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (M.M., D.S.G.)
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2
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Ragsdale KA, Nichols AA, Mehta M, Maples-Keller JL, Yasinski CW, Hyatt CS, Watkins LE, Loucks LA, Carbone E, Rauch SAM, Rothbaum BO. Comorbid treatment of traumatic brain injury and mental health disorders. NeuroRehabilitation 2024:NRE230235. [PMID: 38277308 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Emory Healthcare Veterans Program (EHVP) is a multidisciplinary intensive outpatient treatment program for post-9/11 veterans and service members with invisible wounds, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), substance use disorders (SUD), and other anxiety- and depression-related disorders. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the EHVP. METHODS The different treatment tracks that provide integrated and comprehensive treatment are highlighted along with a review of the standard, adjunctive, and auxiliary services that complement individualized treatment plans. RESULTS This review particularly emphasizes the adjunctive neurorehabilitation service offered to veterans and service members with a TBI history and the EVHP data that indicate large reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms across treatment tracks that are maintained across 12 months follow up. Finally, there is a discussion of possible suboptimal treatment response and the pilot programs related to different treatment augmentation strategies being deploying to ensure optimal treatment response for all. CONCLUSION Published data indicate that the two-week intensive outpatient program is an effective treatment program for a variety of complex presentations of PTSD, TBI, SUD, and other anxiety- and depression-related disorders in veterans and active duty service members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Ragsdale
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anastacia A Nichols
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica L Maples-Keller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carly W Yasinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Courtland S Hyatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura E Watkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura A Loucks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Carbone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sheila A M Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Joseph Maxwell Cleland Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Barbara O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Sherrill AM, Mehta M, Patton SC, Sprang Jones K, Hellman N, Chrysosferidis J, Yasinski CW, Rothbaum BO, Rauch SAM. Effectiveness of the massed delivery of unified protocol for emotional disorders within an intensive outpatient program for military service members and veterans. Psychol Serv 2024:2024-43303-001. [PMID: 38206861 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence supports the implementation of massed delivery of disorder-specific treatments in the military service member and veteran population. However, many treatment settings serve patients with a wide range of diagnoses, and often patients present with comorbid conditions. Growing evidence suggests transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral treatments are effective for a wide range of emotional disorders and may reduce barriers to access. Little is known about the feasibility and outcomes of the massed delivery of transdiagnostic treatments. The present study examined real-world outcomes of a 2-week intensive outpatient program using the Unified Protocol for emotional disorders (UP-IOP). The sample included military service members and veterans diagnosed with a range of emotional disorders, namely trauma- and stressor-related disorders, unipolar depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders. The present study examined outcomes of UP-IOP (depression, trauma-related symptom severity, and emotion dysregulation). Participants included all patients who sought UP-IOP in its first 15 months of operation (N = 117). A diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was an exclusion criterion because the site had an established PTSD-specific IOP treatment option. Findings indicate UP-IOP was feasible, had 94% patient retention, and was effective in reducing symptom severity (Cohen's d = 0.76 for depression symptom severity, Cohen's d = 0.80 for trauma-related symptom severity). There was no observed reduction in emotion dysregulation over the 2-week course of treatment. The intensive transdiagnostic approach resulted in effective symptom reduction in an accelerated timeframe while minimizing patient attrition. These findings indicate massed delivery of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatments should continue to be explored, especially for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Sherrill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Samantha C Patton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Kelsey Sprang Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Natalie Hellman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Julie Chrysosferidis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Carly W Yasinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Barbara O Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Sheila A M Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
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Mehta M, Schug B, Blume HH, Beuerle G, Jiang W, Koenig J, Paixao P, Tampal N, Tsang YC, Walstab J, Wedemeyer R, Welink J. The Global Bioequivalence Harmonisation Initiative (GBHI): Report of the fifth international EUFEPS/AAPS conference. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106566. [PMID: 37591469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The series of conferences of the Global Bioequivalence Harmonisation Initiative (GBHI) was started in 2015 by the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (EUFEPS). All GBHI meetings so far were co-organised together with the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS). Beginning with the 3rd workshop US-FDA joined as co-sponsor - to support global harmonisation of regulatory recommendations for bioequivalence (BE) assessment. At the 5th GBHI conference, the following BE topics were intensively discussed, and the following main conclusions were drawn: (1) Statistical considerations for BE assessment in specific situations covering scaling approaches for highly variable drug (HVD) products, two-stage adaptive design and opportunities of modelling and simulation to support BE: even though special BE study concepts like adaptive designs are not often used in practise so far, a majority of the workshop participants were in favour of a more frequent application of such approaches. The regulatory conditions relevant in this context need further concretisation and harmonisation between the regions. Moreover, modelling and simulation were considered as a promising and evolving approach, also for BE development programmes. (2) Fed versus fasting conditions in BE trials: Findings that BE between generic products could be confirmed only after fasted administration but failed under fed conditions seem more an exception than the rule. Obviously, BCS class IV compounds are most problematic in this context. Differences in critical excipients such as surfactants or pH-modifiers may be relevant reasons for different sensitivity for interactions in fasted versus fed conditions. Consequently, such deviations in composition of generic preparations should be avoided. Moreover, confirmation of BE may be generally difficult comparing different dosage forms, such like capsules versus tablets, especially in fed state. (3) BE assessment of locally acting drug products applied topically to the skin: Appropriateness and potential benefit of in-vitro tests as alternatives to clinical efficacy studies have been comprehensively discussed. In addition to the already well-established in-vitro release and permeation tests, other techniques were suggested, e.g., Raman spectroscopy or dermal open flow microperfusion. Validation of those methods is challenging and, despite significant progress already achieved during previous years, more research is needed before they may be fully accepted for regulatory purposes. (4) BE evaluation of narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drugs: The discrepancies amongst regulatory agencies in necessity of tighter BE acceptance ranges, the recommendations for inclusion of peak and total drug exposure into BE assessment with more restrictive criteria and the importance of comparison of the product-related within-subject variability for NTI drugs were debated. Arguments in favour and against the different approaches were presented and discussed but need further consideration before harmonisation can be achieved. The highly interactive meeting and extensive exchange between regulators and scientists from industry and academia resulted in useful progress in open BE issues and supported the goal of science-driven harmonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mehta
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - B Schug
- SocraTec R&D GmbH, Oberursel/Erfurt, Germany.
| | - H H Blume
- SocraTec C&S GmbH, Oberursel, Germany; Frankfurt Foundation Quality of Medicines, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - W Jiang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - J Koenig
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - P Paixao
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N Tampal
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - J Walstab
- SocraTec R&D GmbH, Oberursel/Erfurt, Germany
| | - R Wedemeyer
- SocraTec R&D GmbH, Oberursel/Erfurt, Germany
| | - J Welink
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Hardy N, Vegivinti CTR, Mehta M, Thurnham J, Mebane A, Pederson JM, Tarchand R, Shivakumar J, Olaniran P, Gadodia R, Ganguly A, Kelagere Y, Nallabolu RR, Gaddam M, Keesari PR, Pulakurthi YS, Reddy R, Kallmes K, Musunuru TN. Mortality of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies versus solid tumors: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1945-1959. [PMID: 36795239 PMCID: PMC9933827 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19 compared to the general population, but it remains unclear which types of cancer have the highest risk of COVID-19-related mortality. This study examines mortality rates for those with hematological malignancies (Hem) versus solid tumors (Tumor). PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for relevant articles using Nested Knowledge software (Nested Knowledge, St Paul, MN). Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported mortality for Hem or Tumor patients with COVID-19. Articles were excluded if they were not published in English, non-clinical studies, had insufficient population/outcomes reporting, or were irrelevant. Baseline characteristics collected included age, sex, and comorbidities. Primary outcomes were all-cause and COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included rates of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Effect sizes from each study were computed as logarithmically transformed odds ratios (ORs) with random-effects, Mantel-Haenszel weighting. The between-study variance component of random-effects models was computed using restricted effects maximum likelihood estimation, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around pooled effect sizes were calculated using Hartung-Knapp adjustments. In total, 12,057 patients were included in the analysis, with 2,714 (22.5%) patients in the Hem group and 9,343 (77.5%) patients in the Tumor group. The overall unadjusted odds of all-cause mortality were 1.64 times higher in the Hem group compared to the Tumor group (95% CI: 1.30-2.09). This finding was consistent with multivariable models presented in moderate- and high-quality cohort studies, suggestive of a causal effect of cancer type on in-hospital mortality. Additionally, the Hem group had increased odds of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the Tumor group (OR = 1.86 [95% CI: 1.38-2.49]). There was no significant difference in odds of IMV or ICU admission between cancer groups (OR = 1.13 [95% CI: 0.64-2.00] and OR = 1.59 [95% CI: 0.95-2.66], respectively). Cancer is a serious comorbidity associated with severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients, with especially alarming mortality rates in patients with hematological malignancies, which are typically higher compared to patients with solid tumors. A meta-analysis of individual patient data is needed to better assess the impact of specific cancer types on patient outcomes and to identify optimal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mansi Mehta
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - John M Pederson
- Nested Knowledge, Inc, St Paul, MN, USA
- Superior Medical Experts, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Jeevan Shivakumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Ritika Gadodia
- Medstar Washington Hospital Center/Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Arup Ganguly
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Yashaswini Kelagere
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Praneeth R Keesari
- Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Rohit Reddy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Tejo N Musunuru
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Suvagiya K, Mehta M, Shah G, Vora J. Reducing the bioburden on organic sanitary napkins and attempt to solve the sterility issue. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29459-9. [PMID: 37624494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Sanitary napkins are technical textile products that women use to hygienically collect menstrual fluids when they are menstruating. Because sanitary napkins must simultaneously fulfil a number of end-use requirements, they have layered constructions. Through the Unnat Bharat Abhiyan, Surat, India, this study explores the eco-friendly (organic material) sanitary napkin production facility in the village of Bhatlai in the Gujarat province of India and identifies an issue. With eco-friendly organic sanitary products, bioburdens are a big problem. The Unnat Bharat Abhiyan accepts recommendations and improvements relating to sterility in a sanitary manufacturing unit after bioburden testing is conducted using various approaches outlined by Sanitary Napkins - Specification (IS 5405:2019). This study seeks to develop sanitary napkins that are sterilized and have no bioburden to replace SAPs (super absorbent polymer) with an ecologically friendly biopolymer that provides competent performance and characteristics to rural women of India living near or below poverty line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krunal Suvagiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India.
| | - Gaurav Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Jaydip Vora
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
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Mehta M, Polli JE, Seo P, Bhoopathy S, Berginc K, Kristan K, Cook J, Dressman JB, Mandula H, Munshi U, Shanker R, Volpe DA, Gordon J, Veerasingham S, Welink J, Almeida S, Gonzalez P, Painter D, Tsang YC, Vaidyanathan J, Velagapudi R. Drug Permeability - Best Practices for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)-Based Biowaivers: A workshop Summary Report. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1749-1762. [PMID: 37142122 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The workshop "Drug Permeability - Best Practices for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Based Biowaivers" was held virtually on December 6, 2021, organized by the University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M-CERSI), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The workshop focused on the industrial, academic, and regulatory experiences in generating and evaluating permeability data, with the aim to further facilitate implementation of the BCS and efficient development of high-quality drug products globally. As the first international permeability workshop since the BCS based biowaivers was finalized as the ICH M9 guideline, the workshop included lectures, panel discussions, and breakout sessions. Lecture and panel discussion topics covered case studies at IND, NDA, and ANDA stages, typical deficiencies relating to permeability assessment supporting BCS biowaiver, types of evidence that are available to demonstrate high permeability, method suitability of a permeability assay, impact of excipients, importance of global acceptance of permeability methods, opportunities to expand the use of biowaivers (e.g. non-Caco-2 cell lines, totality-of-evidence approach to demonstrate high permeability) and future of permeability testing. Breakout sessions focused on 1) in vitro and in silico intestinal permeability methods; 2) potential excipient effects on permeability and; 3) use of label and literature data to designate permeability class.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mehta
- US Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - J E Polli
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Seo
- US Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Cook
- Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - J B Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Mandula
- US Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - U Munshi
- US Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - D A Volpe
- US Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - J Gordon
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - J Welink
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Almeida
- Medicines for Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Gonzalez
- Biopharmaceutical Evaluation Center, Santiago, Chile
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Grewal J, Bortner B, Gregoski M, Cook D, Britt A, Hajj J, Rofael M, Sheidu M, Montovano M, Mehta M, Hajduczok A, Rajapreyar I, Brailovski Y, Genuardi M, Kanwar M, Atluri P, Lander M, Shah P, Hsu S, Kilic A, Houston B, Tedford R. Validation of the Heartmate 3 Risk Score in a Real World Patient Cohort. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Rauch S, Thompson O, Boatright J, Black K, Scott T, Mehta M, Woodbury A, Fuller S, Maples-Keller J, Hernandez-Tejada M, Rothbaum B, Ahn H. Preliminary analysis of BDNF in response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for veterans in treatment for chronic pain and mental health issues. Brain Stimul 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.01.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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Liao J, Mehta M, Hsu F. LIMITED CUTANEOUS SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS MIMICKING HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA WITH NORMAL C1 INHIBITOR. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bhatt N, Chitranshi J, Mehta M. Testing Herzberg’s two factor theory on millennials. CM 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.231236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tests Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation on working millennials. The purpose of the study is to evaluate what the assumptions and the findings of the original study hold for millennials. With the increasing trend of amalgamation of work life and personal life, job satisfaction and general job happiness have never been more on an individual’s personal life. This impact is far-reaching, with strong indications of affecting the employees’ physical, mental, and social health. In such a scenario, organizations need to keep their employees motivated and satisfied. For studying Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation on working millennials, we have selected respondents with work experience of at least one year. We have not restricted the study to any particular industry; hence our sample is across all industries. The type of sampling used was convenient sampling. From the analysis, we have found that for the concerned sample, hygiene factors tower above the motivating factors in terms of job satisfaction for millennials. From the data collection and analysis, we proved that both motivators and hygiene factors affect job satisfaction, unlike what has been said by Herzberg. This study will contribute to the exciting literature on motivation.
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Gopalan S, Mehta M. Study of trust of government handling of Covid-19 in India and USA and disinformation tactics used by the government. CM 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.323334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to find out the status of trust the people of the world’s two prominent democracies – The United States of America, known worldwide as the most powerful democracy, and the Republic of India, known as the World’s Largest Democracy in the handling of the COVID-19 epidemic, that has gripped the entire world by storm. Also, the second objective of this study is to find out if the population of the two nations believe that their governments have actively used disinformation tactics – once thought to be used only by a despot or autocratic governments, on its populace to control the COVID-19 panic and hysteria surrounding it. This study also aims to understand the relationship between trust and disinformation, if any. The study aims to fulfill its objective via individual responses. The survey was conducted via Google Forms and was floated via social media apps like Face book, Linked In, Whatsapp, Instagram, and popular chat sites such as Omegle and Reddit.
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Malukar S, Kunikullaya U, Parikh A, Mehta M, Patel Shah S, Shivhare V, Rath S, Kulshrestha A, T A, Singh J, Dash N, Patel D. PO-1346 Single Institute Retrospective Audit of protracted hypo-fractionated RT in Advanced Carcinoma Cervix. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Martins DA, Mazibuko N, Zelaya F, Vasilakopoulou S, Loveridge J, Oates A, Maltezos S, Mehta M, Wastling S, Howard M, McAlonan G, Murphy D, Williams SCR, Fotopoulou A, Schuschnig U, Paloyelis Y. Author Correction: Effects of route of administration on oxytocin-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow in humans. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1876. [PMID: 35361784 PMCID: PMC8971402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D A Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Mazibuko
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Vasilakopoulou
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Loveridge
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Oates
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Maltezos
- Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Wastling
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - M Howard
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (SM), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (SM), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Fotopoulou
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Y Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Abbas AS, Hardy N, Ghozy S, Dibas M, Paranjape G, Evanson KW, Reierson NL, Cowie K, Kamrowski S, Schmidt S, Tang Y, Davis AR, Touchette JC, Kallmes KM, Hassan AE, Tarchand R, Mehta M, Pederson JM, Abdelmegeed M. Characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of Myasthenia Gravis in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 213:107140. [PMID: 35091255 PMCID: PMC8782728 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recent studies suggest that the clinical course and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and myasthenia gravis (MG) are highly variable. We performed a systematic review of the relevant literature with a key aim to assess the outcomes of invasive ventilation, mortality, and hospital length of stay (HLoS) for patients presenting with MG and COVID-19. Methods We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and MedRxiv databases for original articles that reported patients with MG and COVID-19. We included all clinical studies that reported MG in patients with confirmed COVID-19 cases via RT-PCR tests. We collected data on patient background characteristics, symptoms, time between MG and COVID-19 diagnosis, MG and COVID-19 treatments, HLoS, and mortality at last available follow-up. We reported summary statistics as counts and percentages or mean±SD. When necessary, inverse variance weighting was used to aggregate patient-level data and summary statistics. Results Nineteen studies with 152 patients (mean age 54.4 ± 12.7 years; 79/152 [52.0%] female) were included. Hypertension (62/141, 44.0%) and diabetes (30/141, 21.3%) were the most common comorbidities. The mean time between the diagnosis of MG and COVID-19 was7.0 ± 6.3 years. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed in all patients via RT-PCR tests. Fever (40/59, 67.8%) and ptosis (9/55, 16.4%) were the most frequent COVID-19 and MG symptoms, respectively. Azithromycin and ceftriaxone were the most common COVID-19 treatments, while prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin were the most common MG treatments. Invasive ventilation treatment was required for 25/59 (42.4%) of patients. The mean HLoS was 18.2 ± 9.9 days. The mortality rate was 18/152 (11.8%). Conclusion This report provides an overview of the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of MG in COVID-19 patients. Although COVID-19 may exaggerate the neurological symptoms and worsens the outcome in MG patients, we did not find enough evidence to support this notion. Further studies with larger numbers of patients with MG and COVID-19 are needed to better assess the clinical outcomes in these patients.
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Mehta M, Shafi S, Leeds S. M028 SYSTEMIC REACTION AFTER TOPICAL CAPSAICIN. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Spira A, Ramalingam S, Neal J, Piotrowska Z, Mekhail T, Tsao A, Gentzler R, Riely G, Bazhenova L, Gadgeel S, Nguyen D, Johnson M, Vincent S, Jin S, Griffin C, Bunn V, Lin J, Churchill E, Mehta M, Janne P. OA15.01 Mobocertinib in EGFR Exon 20 Insertion–Positive Metastatic NSCLC Patients With Disease Control on Prior EGFR TKI Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nguyen D, Ramalingam S, Spira A, Riely G, Kim T, Yang JH, Piotrowska Z, Campelo MG, Felip E, Bazhenova L, Jin S, Griffin C, Diderichsen P, Gupta N, Bunn V, Lin J, Churchill E, Mehta M, Zhou C, Janne P. 1218P Characterization of GI toxicities and their impact on efficacy in patients (pts) with EGFR exon 20 insertion+ (ex20ins+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with mobocertinib (TAK-788) who previously received platinum chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Christopoulos P, Ou SH, Lin J, Berg D, Hong JL, Yin Y, Lin J, Bunn V, Lin H, Mehta M, Thomas M. 1224P Systematic review and meta-analysis of immunotherapy effectiveness for pretreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR exon 20 insertions. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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20
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Hida T, Nishino M, Yoh K, Asato T, Kitagawa T, Zhang S, Mehta M, Ohe Y. 1246P A phase I dose-escalation study of mobocertinib (TAK-788), an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in Japanese NSCLC patients. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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21
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Ou SH, Lin H, Hong JL, Yin Y, Jin S, Lin J, Mehta M, Nguyen D, Neal J. 1211P Indirect comparison of mobocertinib and standard of care in platinum-pretreated patients with NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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22
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Yang JH, Ramalingam S, Kim T, Kim SW, Riely G, Mekhail T, Nguyen D, Campelo MG, Felip E, Bazhenova L, Jin S, Griffin C, Bunn V, Lin J, Churchill E, Mehta M, Janne P, Zhou C. 1231P Characterization and management of mobocertinib (TAK-788) induced skin toxicity in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion+ (ex20ins+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who previously received platinum chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Ratanchandani K, Kunikullaya S, Parikh A, Mehta M, Patel S, Shivhare V, Rath S, Modi V, Jain H, Anand D, Bathija N. PO-1038 Radiotherapy with Temozolomide for Pediatric Glioblastoma:A single institute retrospective analysis. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Bathija N, Rathod H, Kunikullaya S, Parikh A, Mehta M, Patel S, Shivhare V, Rath S, Modi V, Jain H, Anand D, Ratanchandani K. PO-1211 Intraluminal brachytherapy boost in esophageal cancer: A single institute retrospective analysis. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Mehta M, O'Toole A, Gooderham M. Real-world experience with risankizumab in patients with plaque psoriasis: a retrospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e685-e688. [PMID: 34050980 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Mehta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A O'Toole
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada.,Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Gooderham
- SKiN Centre for Dermatology, Peterborough, ON, Canada.,Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Correction of high regular and irregular astigmatism with rigid gas-permeable contact lenses can result in discomfort, compromised corneal physiology and fluctuations in visual acuity due to excessive lens movement. Using a non-probability sample, this study explored the optical, clinical and subjective performance of a modified countersunk piggyback lens (MCL) for the management of high regular and irregular corneal astigmatic refractive conditions, as the first phase for a larger randomised control study of the efficacy of the custom piggyback MCL system. METHOD The sample was a single group of 10 patients (n = 17 eyes) selected primarily on the basis of a history of failure with conventional management regimes. The objective clinical and optical performance of the MCL used in the management of high degrees of regular and irregular corneal astigmatic conditions was assessed, including measures of visual performance and ocular health. Subjective performance of the MCL was evaluated by patient feedback. RESULTS Objective and subjective measures were analysed using appropriate statistical analyses. There was a significant improvement in the uncorrected vision and visual acuity (VA) with the MCL, as well as a significant improvement in refractive status. There was no statistically significant increase in adverse ocular responses with the MCL. Statistical analysis of the subjective responses indicated a strong acceptance of the MCL by all subjects, thus supporting the objective analysis indicating the superior performance of the MCL over prior conventional treatment regimens. DISCUSSION The custom piggyback MCL performed successfully in the management of a range of high regular and irregular astigmatic conditions, which have been unsuccessfully managed with a range of conventional optical corrections. Despite the additional cost and handling implications of the two-lens system, the MCL was well accepted by all subjects due to its superior optical and clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mehta
- School of Physiotherapy, Sports Science and Optometry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Solanki M, Jahan S, Kothari M, Abdal MO, Mehta M, Ingle G. Comments on: Comparison of higher order aberrations in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes in pediatric patients with anisometropic amblyopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:2328-2329. [PMID: 32971721 PMCID: PMC7728009 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_353_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Solanki
- Department of Binocular Vision Disorders, Jyotirmay Eye Clinic for Children and Adult Squint and Ocular Motility Laboratory, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shairin Jahan
- Department of Binocular Vision Disorders, Jyotirmay Eye Clinic for Children and Adult Squint and Ocular Motility Laboratory, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mihir Kothari
- Department of Binocular Vision Disorders, Jyotirmay Eye Clinic for Children and Adult Squint and Ocular Motility Laboratory, Thane; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Krishna Eye Center, Garodia Nagar, Ghatkopar East; Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Mehta Eye Clinic, Ghatkopar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Oliullah Abdal
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Krishna Eye Center, Garodia Nagar, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Mehta Eye Clinic, Ghatkopar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gunjan Ingle
- Department of Binocular Vision Disorders, Jyotirmay Eye Clinic for Children and Adult Squint and Ocular Motility Laboratory, Thane, Maharashtra, India
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Mishra R, Kohli S, Malhotra N, Bandyopadhyay P, Mehta M, Munshi M, Adiga V, Ahuja VK, Shandil RK, Rajmani RS, Seshasayee ASN, Singh A. Targeting redox heterogeneity to counteract drug tolerance in replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/518/eaaw6635. [PMID: 31723039 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to tolerate multiple antibiotics represents a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) management. Heterogeneity in Mtb populations is one of the factors that drives antibiotic tolerance during infection. However, the mechanisms underpinning this variation in bacterial population remain poorly understood. Here, we show that phagosomal acidification alters the redox physiology of Mtb to generate a population of replicating bacteria that display drug tolerance during infection. RNA sequencing of this redox-altered population revealed the involvement of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas, and drug efflux pumps in antibiotic tolerance. The fraction of the pH- and redox-dependent tolerant population increased when Mtb infected macrophages with actively replicating HIV-1, suggesting that redox heterogeneity could contribute to high rates of TB therapy failure during HIV-TB coinfection. Pharmacological inhibition of phagosomal acidification by the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CQ) eradicated drug-tolerant Mtb, ameliorated lung pathology, and reduced postchemotherapeutic relapse in in vivo models. The pharmacological profile of CQ (C max and AUClast) exhibited no major drug-drug interaction when coadministered with first line anti-TB drugs in mice. Our data establish a link between phagosomal pH, redox metabolism, and drug tolerance in replicating Mtb and suggest repositioning of CQ to shorten TB therapy and achieve a relapse-free cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sakshi Kohli
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Nitish Malhotra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Parijat Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - MohamedHusen Munshi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Radha K Shandil
- Foundation for Neglected Disease Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Aswin Sai Narain Seshasayee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Sachdeva K, Goel M, Sudhakar M, Mehta M, Raju R, Raman K, Singh A, Sundaramurthy V. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) lipid mediated lysosomal rewiring in infected macrophages modulates intracellular Mtb trafficking and survival. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9192-9210. [PMID: 32424041 PMCID: PMC7335774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens commonly manipulate the host lysosomal system for their survival. However, whether this pathogen-induced alteration affects the organization and functioning of the lysosomal system itself is not known. Here, using in vitro and in vivo infections and quantitative image analysis, we show that the lysosomal content and activity are globally elevated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected macrophages. We observed that this enhanced lysosomal state is sustained over time and defines an adaptive homeostasis in the infected macrophage. Lysosomal alterations are caused by mycobacterial surface components, notably the cell wall-associated lipid sulfolipid-1 (SL-1), which functions through the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-transcription factor EB (TFEB) axis in the host cells. An Mtb mutant lacking SL-1, MtbΔpks2, shows attenuated lysosomal rewiring compared with the WT Mtb in both in vitro and in vivo infections. Exposing macrophages to purified SL-1 enhanced the trafficking of phagocytic cargo to lysosomes. Correspondingly, MtbΔpks2 exhibited a further reduction in lysosomal delivery compared with the WT. Reduced trafficking of this mutant Mtb strain to lysosomes correlated with enhanced intracellular bacterial survival. Our results reveal that global alteration of the host lysosomal system is a defining feature of Mtb-infected macrophages and suggest that this altered lysosomal state protects host cell integrity and contributes to the containment of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Sachdeva
- National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manisha Goel
- National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Malvika Sudhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India; Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering, Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBC-DSAI), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajmani Raju
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Karthik Raman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India; Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering, Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBC-DSAI), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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30
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Thompson JM, Eick SM, Dailey C, Dale AP, Mehta M, Nair A, Cordero JF, Welton M. Relationship Between Pregnancy-Associated Malaria and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Trop Pediatr 2020; 66:327-338. [PMID: 31598714 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW), which are among the leading causes of infant mortality globally. Rates of PTB and LBW are high in countries with a high burden of malaria. PAM may be a contributing factor to PTB and LBW, but is not well understood. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between PAM and PTB or LBW using PubMed. The title and abstract of all studies were screened by two reviewers, and the full text of selected studies was reviewed to ensure they met inclusion criteria. Information regarding study characteristics and of PTB and LBW births among women with and without PAM was abstracted for included studies. RESULTS Our search terms yielded 2237 articles, of which 18 met our final inclusion criteria. Eight studies examined associations between PAM and PTB, and 10 examined associations between PAM and LBW (population size ranging from 35 to 9956 women). The overall risk of LBW was 63% higher among women with PAM compared with women without PAM (95% CI = 1.48-1.80) and the risk of PTB was 23% higher among women with PAM compared with women without PAM (95% CI = 1.07-1.41). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that infection with PAM is associated with PTB and LBW. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and the immunologic changes that occur during pregnancy is essential for reducing the disproportional effects this disease has on this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 30605 Athens, GA, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Eick
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Services, University of California, San Francisco, 94158 San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cody Dailey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 30605 Athens, GA, USA.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ariella P Dale
- Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment, 80246 Denver, CO, USA
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 30605 Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anjali Nair
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 30605 Athens, GA, USA
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 30605 Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael Welton
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 30605 Athens, GA, USA
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Martins DA, Mazibuko N, Zelaya F, Vasilakopoulou S, Loveridge J, Oates A, Maltezos S, Mehta M, Wastling S, Howard M, McAlonan G, Murphy D, Williams SCR, Fotopoulou A, Schuschnig U, Paloyelis Y. Effects of route of administration on oxytocin-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow in humans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1160. [PMID: 32127545 PMCID: PMC7054359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Could nose-to-brain pathways mediate the effects of peptides such as oxytocin (OT) on brain physiology when delivered intranasally? We address this question by contrasting two methods of intranasal administration (a standard nasal spray, and a nebulizer expected to improve OT deposition in nasal areas putatively involved in direct nose-to-brain transport) to intravenous administration in terms of effects on regional cerebral blood flow during two hours post-dosing. We demonstrate that OT-induced decreases in amygdala perfusion, a key hub of the OT central circuitry, are explained entirely by OT increases in systemic circulation following both intranasal and intravenous OT administration. Yet we also provide robust evidence confirming the validity of the intranasal route to target specific brain regions. Our work has important translational implications and demonstrates the need to carefully consider the method of administration in our efforts to engage specific central oxytocinergic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Mazibuko
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Vasilakopoulou
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Loveridge
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Oates
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Maltezos
- Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Wastling
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - M Howard
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (SM), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (SM), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Fotopoulou
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Y Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Mehta M, Wang L, Guo C, Warner N, Li Q, Pan J, Boztug K, Uhlig H, Muise A. A39 NOVEL GAIN OF FUNCTION NON-RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE MUTATIONS ARE LINKED TO THE PATHOGENESIS OF VEOIBD. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD) is an emerging global disease, that results in inflammation of the digestive tract. Severe forms of VEOIBD can be caused by mutations in a single gene (monogenic variants) and, can result in death. A candidate gene which codes for a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) has recently been implicated as a monogenic cause of IBD (unpublished). Whole exome sequencing was performed in two unrelated children who presented with symptoms of IBD identifying two distinct de novo gain of function mutations (S550Y and P342T). Both mutations are located in the highly conserved region of the nRTK, and were predicted to have similar downstream effects. Furthermore, four other patients with a variety of adult-onset immune disorders have recently been identified with rare variants in the same gene (M450I, R42P, A353T, V433M, S550F) but, their potential gain of function status remains to be determined. Studies show that this nRTK is an essential mediator in inflammation. It is expressed in both intestinal epithelial and immune cells however, its role in infantile IBD is unclear. This protein is first activated by phosphorylation and is linked to activating downstream transcription factors such as ERK and JNK. All these target proteins play a meaningful role in intestinal inflammation in patients with IBD.
Aims
Since we identified P342T and S550Y to be gain of function, we wanted to determine if the new variants exhibit a similar downstream impact on target protein expression levels when compared with S550Y and P342T. We also wanted to identify if all variants can be rescued with a known nRTK inhibitor. It is hypothesized that the new variants are gain of function and that all variants can be rescued with the inhibitor.
Methods
Using western blot analysis, the activation of ERK, JNK and nRTK was compared between wildtype (WT) and mutants. This in vitro method helped identify the degree of activation. For the second part of the study, HEK293T cells were treated with inhibitor to test for a rescue of phenotypes via western blot analysis.
Results
Results show an increased activation of nRTK, ERK and JNK in all variants with S550Y and S550F having the highest activation. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition using small molecular kinase inhibitors resulted in decreased activation of nRTK, ERK and JNK suggesting a rescue of phenotypes.
Conclusions
Characterizing the downstream functional impact of these nRTK variants is an important first step to determine if gain of function nRTK mutations drive IBD. With a rising prevalence of IBD worldwide, these findings may lead to the development of pharmacological nRTK inhibitors as a novel personalized therapeutic approach for these patients and possibly for the broader IBD population.
Funding Agencies
CIHR
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mehta
- Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Markham, ON, Canada
| | - L Wang
- Cell biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Guo
- Cell biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Warner
- Cell biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Q Li
- Cell biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Pan
- Cell biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Uhlig
- University of Oxford, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - A Muise
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Nipah instead was one of the most fatal outbreaks of diseases in the mankind which was initially assumed as Japanese encephalitis. A multidisciplinary exploration was done at several levels of microbiology, histopathology and genetics which led to the discovery of a new paramyxovirus named Nipah virus (NiV). The disease was primarily identified in Malaysia in 1998 and named after a village, Sungai Nipah. The main mode of transmission in the Malaysian outbreaks was thought to be the consumption of bat’s dropping, urine and fruit partially eaten by pigs. In Bangladesh and northeast India, the virus was directly transmitted from bats to human through consumption of raw date palm juice. To limit the epidemic, coordinated efforts by health care providers have become mandatory. This article gives a note about the NiV, its infection and on-going researches on its management strategies. Data were collected using electronic media consisting of articles, books and websites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi D Raval
- Department of Periodontics & Implantology, Manubhai Patel Dental College, Munjmahuda, Vadodara 390011, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Dr. Bristol Dental, Bristol, Connecticut, USA
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Verma T, Podder S, Mehta M, Singh S, Singh A, Umapathy S, Nandi D. Raman spectroscopy reveals distinct differences between two closely related bacterial strains, Mycobacterium indicus pranii and Mycobacterium intracellulare. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7997-8009. [PMID: 31732785 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A common technique used to differentiate bacterial species and to determine evolutionary relationships is sequencing their 16S ribosomal RNA genes. However, this method fails when organisms exhibit high similarity in these sequences. Two such strains that have identical 16S rRNA sequences are Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) and Mycobacterium intracellulare. MIP is of significance as it is used as an adjuvant for protection against tuberculosis and leprosy; in addition, it shows potent anti-cancer activity. On the other hand, M. intracellulare is an opportunistic pathogen and causes severe respiratory infections in AIDS patients. It is important to differentiate these two bacterial species as they co-exist in immuno-compromised individuals. To unambiguously distinguish these two closely related bacterial strains, we employed Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate statistical tools. Phenotypic profiling for these bacterial species was performed in a kinetic manner. Differences were observed in the mycolic acid profile and carotenoid pigments to show that MIP is biochemically distinct from M. intracellulare. Resonance Raman studies confirmed that carotenoids were produced by both MIP as well as M. intracellulare, though the latter produced higher amounts. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy in differentiating two closely related mycobacterial strains. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Verma
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Santosh Podder
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sarman Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Siva Umapathy
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Adams DR, Tollinche LE, Yeoh CB, Artman J, Mehta M, Phillips D, Fischer GW, Quinlan JJ, Sakai T. Short-term safety and effectiveness of sugammadex for surgical patients with end-stage renal disease: a two-centre retrospective study. Anaesthesia 2019; 75:348-352. [PMID: 31721151 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sugammadex is a novel reversal agent for aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking drugs, especially rocuronium. Given its renal excretion, sugammadex is not recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease; however, reports exist of its use in this group of patients. This two-institutional retrospective observational study aimed to review the safety profile and effectiveness of sugammadex in surgical patients with end-stage renal disease who required pre-operative renal replacement therapy. Adult surgical patients with end-stage renal disease requiring pre-operative renal replacement therapy, who received sugammadex between April 2016 and January 2019, were studied. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative tracheal re-intubation within 48 h. The secondary outcome was the incidence of deferred tracheal extubation in the operating theatre. One hundred and fifty-eight patients were identified from 125,653 surgical patients: 48 patients (30%) underwent renal transplantation and 110 (70%) underwent non-renal transplantation procedures. There were 22 instances (14%) of deferred tracheal extubation due to surgical and/or pre-existing medical conditions. Out of the 136 patients who had the tracheal tube removed at the end of the procedure, three patients had their trachea re-intubated within 48 h: two patients developed pulmonary oedema resulting from volume overload; and one patient had worsening sepsis. No incidence of recurrence of neuromuscular blockade was observed. Of note, 24 (18%) patients were found to have incomplete neuromuscular blockade reversal with neostigmine but administration of sugammadex led to successful tracheal extubation. In conclusion, sugammadex appears to be safe and effective in adult patients with end-stage renal disease receiving pre-operative renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Adams
- Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L E Tollinche
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C B Yeoh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Artman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Mehta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Phillips
- Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - G W Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J J Quinlan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Sakai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-operative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Butler M, Robert C, Negrier S, In G, Walker J, Krajsova I, Atkinson V, Hansson J, Kapiteijn E, Loquai C, Shaw H, Cheng T, Mansard S, Grob J, Guidoboni M, Mehta M, Ascierto P, Diab A. ILLUMINATE 301: A randomized phase III study of tilsotolimod in combination with ipilimumab compared with ipilimumab alone in patients with advanced melanoma following progression on or after anti-PD-1 therapy. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz255.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mehta M, Gondi V, Ahluwalia M, Brown P. Radiosurgery followed by tumour treating fields (TTFields) for brain metastases (1-10) from NSCLC in the phase III METIS trial. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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Gupta T, Achari R, Chatterjee A, Chen ZP, Mehta M, Bouffet E, Jalali R. Comparison of Epidemiology and Outcomes in Neuro-Oncology Between the East and the West: Challenges and Opportunities. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:539-548. [PMID: 31182288 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although neoplasms of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) are relatively uncommon, comprising only 1-2% of the overall cancer burden, they represent a substantial source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The age-adjusted annual incidence of CNS tumours is reportedly low; however, there is substantial global variability in its incidence, with nearly a five-fold difference between regions with the highest rates in developed countries in the West and those with the lowest rates in developing countries in South-East Asia, including India, possibly attributable to key differences in environmental factors, genetic susceptibilities and cultural practices, as well as resource constraints in low-middle income countries precluding precise ascertainment and accurate diagnosis. The burden of CNS tumours is further compounded by the fact that they require highly specialised and skilled multidisciplinary care, including access to modern neuroimaging, neurosurgery, neuropathology and molecular biology, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and rehabilitation services, which may not be widely available in an integrated manner in large parts of the world with a large variation in clinical pathways, non-uniformity of care and resultant heterogeneity in clinical outcomes. CNS tumours encompass a heterogeneous spectrum of histopathological entities with differences in presentation, distinct molecular/genetic alterations, diverse biological behaviour and varying clinical outcomes. Survival is highly dependent on histology, grade and molecular biology, but varies widely across continents, even for the same tumour type and grade. In general, survival is higher in children with primary brain tumours than in adults, largely due to the differences in histological distribution across age groups. However, there is widespread variability, with 5-year survival for paediatric brain tumours being <40% in some low-middle income countries compared with 70-80% in the developed world. This review compares the descriptive epidemiology and clinical outcomes of primary brain tumours between the East and the West that pose unique challenges but also provide new opportunities in contemporary neuro-oncological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India.
| | - R Achari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - A Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Z-P Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, SunYat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - E Bouffet
- Neuro-Oncology Section, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Jalali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai, India
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Mehta M, Agrawal N, Singh A. Corrigendum to "Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB3 maintains redox homeostasis and survival in response to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species" [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 131 (2019) 50-58]. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:201. [PMID: 31077905 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Mehta
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore-12, India
| | - Neha Agrawal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi-67, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore-12, India.
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Fernandez Turienzo C, Bick D, Bollard M, Brigante L, Briley A, Coxon K, Cross P, Healey A, Mehta M, Melaugh A, Moulla J, Seed PT, Shennan AH, Singh C, Tribe RM, Sandall J. POPPIE: protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial of continuity of midwifery care for women at increased risk of preterm birth. Trials 2019; 20:271. [PMID: 31088505 PMCID: PMC6518651 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High rates of preterm births remain a UK public health concern. Preterm birth is a major determinant of adverse infant and longer-term outcomes, including survival, quality of life, psychosocial effects on the family and health care costs. We aim to test whether a model of care combining continuity of midwife care with rapid referral to a specialist obstetric clinic throughout pregnancy, intrapartum and the postpartum period is feasible and improves experience and outcomes for women at increased risk of preterm birth. Methods This pilot, hybrid, type 2 randomised controlled implementation trial will recruit 350 pregnant women at increased risk of preterm birth to a midwifery continuity of care intervention or standard care. The intervention will be provided from recruitment (antenatal), labour, birth and the postnatal period, in hospital and community settings and in collaboration with specialist obstetric clinic care, when required. Standard care will be the current maternity care provision by NHS midwives and obstetricians at the study site. Participants will be followed up until 6–8 weeks postpartum. The composite primary outcome is the appropriate initiation of any specified interventions related to the prevention and/or management of preterm labour and birth. Secondary outcomes are related to: recruitment and attrition rates; implementation; acceptability to women, health care professionals and stakeholders; health in pregnancy and other complications; intrapartum outcomes; maternal and neonatal postnatal outcomes; psycho-social health; quality of care; women’s experiences and health economic analysis. The trial has 80% power to detect a 15% increase in the rate of appropriate interventions (40 to 55%). The analysis will be by ‘intention to treat’ analysis. Discussion Little is known about the underlying reasons why and how models of midwifery continuity of care are associated with fewer preterm births, better maternal and infant outcomes and more positive experiences; nor how these models of care can be implemented successfully in the health services. This will be the first study to provide direct evidence regarding the effectiveness, implementation and evaluation of a midwifery continuity of care model and rapid access to specialist obstetric services for women at increased risk of preterm birth. Trial registration ISRCTN37733900. Retrospectively registered on 21 August 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernandez Turienzo
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - D Bick
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7A, UK
| | - M Bollard
- Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, Lewisham High Street, London, SE13 6HL, UK
| | - L Brigante
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, London, SE1 8WA, UK
| | - A Briley
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - K Coxon
- Department of Midwifery, Kingston University and St. George's, University of London, Hunter Wing, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - P Cross
- Department of Public Health, London Borough of Lewisham, Laurence House, London, SE6 4RU, UK
| | - A Healey
- Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, David Goldberg Centre, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - M Mehta
- Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, Lewisham High Street, London, SE13 6HL, UK
| | - A Melaugh
- Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, David Goldberg Centre, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - J Moulla
- Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, Lewisham High Street, London, SE13 6HL, UK
| | - P T Seed
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A H Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - C Singh
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - R M Tribe
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J Sandall
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Mehta M, Gondi V, Ahluwalia M, Brown P. Phase III METIS study: Tumor treating fields (150 kHz) and radiosurgery for supra- and/or infratentorial brain metastases (1-10) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz068.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mehta M, Wang L, Li Q, Warner N, Pan J, Muise A. A117 CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL GAIN OF FUNCTION MUTATION IN A NON-RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VERY EARLY ONSET INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Mehta
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Wang
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Q Li
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Warner
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Pan
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mehta M, Singh A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis WhiB3 maintains redox homeostasis and survival in response to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:50-58. [PMID: 30500421 PMCID: PMC6635127 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survives under oxidatively and nitosatively hostile niches inside host phagocytes. In other bacteria, adaptation to these stresses is dependent upon the redox sensitive two component systems (e.g., ArcAB) and transcription factors (e.g., FNR/SoxR). However, these factors are absent in Mtb. Therefore, it is not completely understood how Mtb maintains survival and redox balance in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Here, we present evidences that a 4Fe-4S-cofactor containing redox-sensitive transcription factor (WhiB3) is exploited by Mtb to adapt under ROS and RNS stress. We show that MtbΔwhiB3 is acutely sensitive to oxidants and to nitrosative agents. Using a genetic biosensor of cytoplasmic redox state (Mrx1-roGFP2) of Mtb, we show that WhiB3 facilitates recovery from ROS (cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and RNS (acidified nitrite and peroxynitrite). Also, MtbΔwhiB3 displayed reduced survival inside RAW 264.7 macrophages. Consistent with the role of WhiB3 in modulating host-pathogen interaction, we discovered that WhiB3 coordinates the formation of early human granulomas during interaction of Mtb with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Altogether, our study provides empirical proof that WhiB3 is required to mitigate redox stress induced by ROS and RNS, which may be important to activate host/bacterial pathways required for the granuloma development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Mehta
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), CV Raman Av, Bangalore 12, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), CV Raman Av, Bangalore 12, India.
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Mason KP, Kelhoffer ER, Prescilla R, Mehta M, Root JC, Young VJ, Robinson F, Veselis RA. Feasibility of measuring memory response to increasing dexmedetomidine sedation in children. Br J Anaesth 2018; 118:254-263. [PMID: 28100530 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The memory effect of dexmedetomidine has not been prospectively evaluated in children. We evaluated the feasibility of measuring memory and sedation responses in children during dexmedetomidine sedation for non-painful radiological imaging studies. Secondarily, we quantified changes in memory in relation to the onset of sedation. METHODS A 10 min bolus of dexmedetomidine (2 mcg kg-1) was given to children as they named simple line drawings every five s. The absence of sedation was identified as any verbal response, regardless of correctness. After recovery, recognition memory was tested with correct Yes/No recognitions (50% novel pictures) and was matched to sedation responses during the bolus period (subsequent memory paradigm). RESULTS Of 64 accruals, 30 children (mean [SD]6.1 (1.2) yr, eight male) received dexmedetomidine and completed all study tasks. Individual responses were able to be modelled successfully in the 30 children completing all the study tasks, demonstrating feasibility of this approach. Children had 50% probability of verbal response at five min 40 s after infusion start, whereas 50% probability of subsequent recognition memory occurred sooner at four min five s. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying memory and sedation effects during dexmedetomidine infusion in verbal children was possible and demonstrated that memory function was present until shortly before verbal unresponsiveness occurred. This is the first study to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on memory in children. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT 02354378.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Mason
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E R Kelhoffer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Prescilla
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - M Mehta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J C Root
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology in Anesthesiology, Neurocognitve Research Lab, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY,USA
| | - V J Young
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - R A Veselis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Cohen E, Harrington K, Hong D, Mesia R, Brana I, Perez Segura P, Wise-Draper T, Scott M, Mitchell P, Mugundu G, McCoon P, Cook C, Mehta M, Keilholz U. A phase Ib/II study (SCORES) of durvalumab (D) plus danvatirsen (DAN; AZD9150) or AZD5069 (CX2i) in advanced solid malignancies and recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RM-HNSCC): Updated results. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Gupta V, Sreenivas V, Mehta M, Ramam M. What do Vitiligo Impact Scale‐22 scores mean? Studying the clinical interpretation of scores using an anchor‐based approach. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:580-585. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiIndia
| | - V. Sreenivas
- Department of Biostatistics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiIndia
| | - M. Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiIndia
| | - M. Ramam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiIndia
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Bähr O, Mehta M, Gondi V, Ahluwalia M, Brown P. P05.83 Tumor Treating Fields and radiosurgery for supra- and/or infratentorial brain metastases (1–10) from NSCLC in the phase 3 METIS study. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Bähr
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Mehta
- Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - V Gondi
- Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center, Warrenville, IL, United States
| | - M Ahluwalia
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - P Brown
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Soni BK, Makwana R, Mukherjee S, Parashari S, Suryanarayana SV, Nayak BK, Naik H, Mehta M. Neutron capture cross-sections for 159Tb isotope in the energy range of 5 to 17 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 141:10-14. [PMID: 30144772 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The neutron capture cross-sections have been measured for the 159Tb(n, γ)160Tb reaction at the spectrum average peak neutron energies of 5.08 ± 0.165, 12.47 ± 0.825, and 16.63 ± 0.95 MeV respectively. The experiment has been carried out using the standard neutron activation technique and off-line γ-ray spectrometry. The present measurement has been done for the energies where very few measured results are available in the data library. The results have been compared with ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL-4.0 data libraries. The present results have also been supported by theoretical predictions of nuclear model code TALYS 1.9. Detailed covariance analysis was carried out to find the uncertainty and the correlations among the measured cross-sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Soni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajnikant Makwana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Siddharth Parashari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - S V Suryanarayana
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - B K Nayak
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - H Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - M Mehta
- Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428, India
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Chawla M, Mishra S, Anand K, Parikh P, Mehta M, Vij M, Verma T, Singh P, Jakkala K, Verma HN, AjitKumar P, Ganguli M, Narain Seshasayee AS, Singh A. Redox-dependent condensation of the mycobacterial nucleoid by WhiB4. Redox Biol 2018; 19:116-133. [PMID: 30149290 PMCID: PMC6111044 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress response in bacteria is mediated through coordination between the regulators of oxidant-remediation systems (e.g. OxyR, SoxR) and nucleoid condensation (e.g. Dps, Fis). However, these genetic factors are either absent or rendered non-functional in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Therefore, how Mtb organizes genome architecture and regulates gene expression to counterbalance oxidative imbalance is unknown. Here, we report that an intracellular redox-sensor, WhiB4, dynamically links genome condensation and oxidative stress response in Mtb. Disruption of WhiB4 affects the expression of genes involved in maintaining redox homeostasis, central metabolism, and respiration under oxidative stress. Notably, disulfide-linked oligomerization of WhiB4 in response to oxidative stress activates the protein’s ability to condense DNA. Further, overexpression of WhiB4 led to hypercondensation of nucleoids, redox imbalance and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, whereas WhiB4 disruption reversed this effect. In accordance with the findings in vitro, ChIP-Seq data demonstrated non-specific binding of WhiB4 to GC-rich regions of the Mtb genome. Lastly, data indicate that WhiB4 deletion affected the expression of ~ 30% of genes preferentially bound by the protein, suggesting both direct and indirect effects on gene expression. We propose that WhiB4 structurally couples Mtb’s response to oxidative stress with genome organization and transcription. Genome condensation is involved in the management of oxidative stress in bacteria. A relation between the genome condensation and oxidative stress is unclear in Mtb. A redox sensor WhiB4 calibrates genome-condensation and antioxidants in Mtb. Over-expression of WhiB4 hyper-condensed genome and induced killing by oxidants. WhiB4 deficiency delayed genome condensation and promoted oxidative stress survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manbeena Chawla
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kushi Anand
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Pankti Parikh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mansi Mehta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Manika Vij
- Department of Structural Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, South Campus, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Taru Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering (BSSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Parul Singh
- National Centre for Biological Science, Bangalore 560065, India; SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kishor Jakkala
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - H N Verma
- Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Parthasarathi AjitKumar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Munia Ganguli
- Department of Structural Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, South Campus, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood abuse is associated with abnormalities in brain structure and function. Few studies have investigated abuse-related brain abnormalities in medication-naïve, drug-free youth that also controlled for psychiatric comorbidities by inclusion of a psychiatric control group, which is crucial to disentangle the effects of abuse from those associated with the psychiatric conditions. METHODS Cortical volume (CV), cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) were measured in 22 age- and gender-matched medication-naïve youth (aged 13-20) exposed to childhood abuse, 19 psychiatric controls matched for psychiatric diagnoses and 27 healthy controls. Both region-of-interest (ROI) and whole-brain analyses were conducted. RESULTS For the ROI analysis, the childhood abuse group compared with healthy controls only, had significantly reduced CV in bilateral cerebellum and reduced CT in left insula and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). At the whole-brain level, relative to healthy controls, the childhood abuse group showed significantly reduced CV in left lingual, pericalcarine, precuneus and superior parietal gyri, and reduced CT in left pre-/postcentral and paracentral regions, which furthermore correlated with greater abuse severity. They also had increased CV in left inferior and middle temporal gyri relative to healthy controls. Abnormalities in the precuneus, temporal and precentral regions were abuse-specific relative to psychiatric controls, albeit at a more lenient level. Groups did not differ in SA. CONCLUSIONS Childhood abuse is associated with widespread structural abnormalities in OFC-insular, cerebellar, occipital, parietal and temporal regions, which likely underlie the abnormal affective, motivational and cognitive functions typically observed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lim
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - H Hart
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Worker
- Department of Neuroimaging,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - K Mirza
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
| | - K Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,King's College London,London,UK
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