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Burris CKH, Rodriguez ME, Raven ML, Reddy DN, Xu YG, Wiggs JL, Potter HD, Albert DM. Muir-Torre Syndrome: The Importance of a Detailed Family History. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2019; 10:180-185. [PMID: 31692600 PMCID: PMC6760355 DOI: 10.1159/000500662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Muir-Torre syndrome, a variant of Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by skin neoplasms (sebaceous or keratoacanthomas) and visceral malignancies. Due to the rarity of the syndrome there are no firm guidelines on how and when to test patients with its typical skin lesions. We describe a case that highlights the importance of a detailed family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K H Burris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meisha L Raven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Devasis N Reddy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yaohui G Xu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather D Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel M Albert
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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2
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Burris CKH, Azari AA, Kanavi MR, Dubielzig RR, Lee V, Gottlieb JL, Potter HD, Kim K, Raven ML, Rodriguez ME, Reddy DN, Albert DM. Is There an Increased Prevalence of Asteroid Hyalosis in Eyes with Uveal Melanoma? A Histopathologic Study. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2018; 3:259-261. [PMID: 29344477 DOI: 10.1159/000461586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the planning meeting for the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) prior to the start of patient recruitment in 1986, there was an interest expressed in determining whether a relationship existed between the presence of uveal melanoma (UM) and asteroid hyalosis (AH). To answer this question, the ophthalmic examination form (unlike the pathology form for enucleated eyes) for each COMS patient asked whether AH was present or not. Though an increased prevalence was not found, this result was never published. A recent unpublished study at the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine indicated a higher prevalence of AH in canine eyes with UM when compared to control eyes (without tumor) enucleated for goniodysgenesis. This further increased our interest in revisiting the published literature, clinical records, and histopathology slides of the enucleated eyes from the COMS study, as well as the histopathology slides on file in the University of Wisconsin Eye Pathology Laboratory. While cases with both AH and UM were occasionally encountered in the literature, clinically, we could not find a previous study focusing on these two processes. This study was conducted to explore whether such an association exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K H Burris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amir A Azari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mozhgan R Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Richard R Dubielzig
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vivian Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Justin L Gottlieb
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heather D Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyungmann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Meisha L Raven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Devasis N Reddy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel M Albert
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Jayakumar AR, Taherian M, Panickar KS, Shamaladevi N, Rodriguez ME, Price BG, Norenberg MD. Differential Response of Neural Cells to Trauma-Induced Swelling In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:397-406. [PMID: 29150743 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain edema and the associated increase in intracranial pressure are major consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that accounts for most early deaths after TBI. We recently showed that acute severe trauma to cultured astrocytes results in cell swelling. We further examined whether trauma induces cell swelling in neurons and microglia. We found that severe trauma also caused cell swelling in cultured neurons, whereas no swelling was observed in microglia. While severe trauma caused cell swelling in both astrocytes and neurons, mild trauma to astrocytes, neurons, and microglia failed to cell swelling. Since extracellular levels of glutamate are increased in brain post-TBI and microglia are known to release cytokine, and direct exposure of astrocytes to these molecules are known to stimulate cell swelling, we examined whether glutamate or cytokines have any additive effect on trauma-induced cell swelling. Exposure of cultured astrocytes to trauma caused cell swelling, and such swelling was potentiated by the exposure of traumatized astrocytes to glutamate and cytokines. Conditioned medium (CM) from traumatized astrocytes had no effect on neuronal swelling post-trauma, while CM from traumatized neurons and microglia potentiated the effect of trauma on astrocyte swelling. Further, trauma significantly increased the Na-K-Cl co-transporter (NKCC) activity in neurons, and that inhibition of NKCC activity diminished the trauma-induced neuronal swelling. Our results indicate that a differential sensitivity to trauma-induced cell swelling exists in neural cells and that neurons and microglia are likely to be involved in the potentiation of the astrocyte swelling post-trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Jayakumar
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.
- South Florida Foundation for Research and Education Inc., Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, 33125, USA.
| | - M Taherian
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K S Panickar
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - N Shamaladevi
- Department of Urology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M E Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - B G Price
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M D Norenberg
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Burris CKH, Stier MA, Salamat S, Thomas S, Lauderdale S, Raven ML, Rodriguez ME, Reddy DN, Potter HD, Albert DM. Neurofibromatosis type 1: A neuro-psycho-cutaneous syndrome? Orbit 2017; 37:208-211. [PMID: 29053048 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2017.1383476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited disorder often associated with optic nerve gliomas, low-grade brain tumors, and readily visible signs. Though these features are frequently emphasized, the psychosocial and emotional morbidities are often overlooked. We present a patient with depressive disorder resulting in suicide in a patient with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Stier
- b Department of Pathology , The University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Shahriar Salamat
- b Department of Pathology , The University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Shari Thomas
- c Psychiatry, Healthy Foundations Group , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Simone Lauderdale
- d Department of Psychiatry , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , NY , USA
| | - Meisha L Raven
- e Department of Ophthalmology , The University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA.,f McPherson Eye Research Institute , The University of Wisconsin, Madison , WI , USA
| | - Maria E Rodriguez
- e Department of Ophthalmology , The University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA.,f McPherson Eye Research Institute , The University of Wisconsin, Madison , WI , USA
| | - Devasis N Reddy
- e Department of Ophthalmology , The University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA.,f McPherson Eye Research Institute , The University of Wisconsin, Madison , WI , USA
| | - Heather D Potter
- e Department of Ophthalmology , The University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA.,f McPherson Eye Research Institute , The University of Wisconsin, Madison , WI , USA
| | - Daniel M Albert
- f McPherson Eye Research Institute , The University of Wisconsin, Madison , WI , USA.,g Casey Eye Institute , Oregon Health Sciences University , Portland , OR , USA
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Burris CKH, Azari AA, Eagle RC, Rapuano CJ, Marangoz D, Potter HD, Kim K, Thuro B, Phelps PO, Surapaneni K, Rodriguez ME, Raven ML, Lee V, Damani MR, Carey M, Kanavi MR, Javadi MA, Albert DM. Concordance Between Clinical and Histopathological Diagnoses of Corneal Specimens. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:744-745. [PMID: 28110951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K H Burris
- The University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amir A Azari
- Thomas Jefferson School of Medicine, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ralph C Eagle
- Thomas Jefferson School of Medicine, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Deniz Marangoz
- Thomas Jefferson School of Medicine, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather D Potter
- The University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kyungmann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bradley Thuro
- The University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul O Phelps
- The University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Krishna Surapaneni
- The University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Maria E Rodriguez
- The University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Meisha L Raven
- The University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vivian Lee
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mausam R Damani
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Carey
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mozhgan R Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Central Eye Bank of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Javadi
- Central Eye Bank of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel M Albert
- The University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Raven ML, Rodriguez ME, Potter HD. Corneal Leukoma with Features of Both Sclerocornea and Peter's Anomaly. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1988. [PMID: 27549880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meisha L Raven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Heather D Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Burris CKH, Rodriguez ME, Potter HD. Scleral Necrosis Simulating Recurrent Uveal Melanoma after Plaque Brachytherapy. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1761. [PMID: 27450820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K H Burris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Heather D Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Rodriguez ME, Burris CK, Potter HD. Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in Polymyalgia Rheumatica. Ophthalmology 2016; 123:1413. [PMID: 27342326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher K Burris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Heather D Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Burris CK, Rodriguez ME, Raven ML, Burkat CN, Albert DM. Adult-Onset Asthma and Periocular Xanthogranulomas Associated with Systemic IgG4-Related Disease. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2016; 1:34-37. [PMID: 27152364 PMCID: PMC4852489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to report a case of Adult-Onset Asthma with Periocular Xanthogranulomas (AAPOX) associated with systemic IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). OBSERVATIONS A 57-year-old man presented with bilateral periorbital swelling for 1 year. Histopathology of a left orbital biopsy showed fibro vascular connective tissue inundated with foamy, lipid-laden histiocytes and touton giant cells with lymphocytic inflammation. Additional stains revealed CD68 positivity, and S100 negativity. The IgG and IgG4 stained slides showed increased IgG4 positive plasma cells but did not meet the criteria for IgG4-related orbital disease. His IgG4 serology was elevated, and IgG4 staining of his tissue previously diagnosed as autoimmune sclerosing pancreatitis was found to meet the criteria for IgG4-RD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE AAPOX can be associated with systemic IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K.H. Burris
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maria E. Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Meisha L. Raven
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cat N. Burkat
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel M. Albert
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
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Rodriguez ME, Burris CK, Saipe NB. Histologic Changes in a Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Conjunctiva Refractive to Interferon-α2b. Ophthalmology 2015; 123:190. [PMID: 26707439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher K Burris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Noah B Saipe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K H Burris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Meisha L Raven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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12
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Rodriguez ME, Burris CK, Raven ML. Follicular Hybrid Cyst of the Eyelid. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:2567. [PMID: 26592676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher K Burris
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Meisha L Raven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Wisconsin
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13
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Raven ML, Rodriguez ME, Selid PD. Papillomatous Compound Nevus. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:2154. [PMID: 26498077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meisha L Raven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Maria E Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul D Selid
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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15
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Rodriguez ME, Raven ML, Burris C. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Conjunctival Lesion. Ophthalmology 2015; 122:2001. [PMID: 26398049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Rodriguez
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Meisha L Raven
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher Burris
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin
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Theroux MC, Olivant Fisher A, Rodriguez ME, Brislin RP, Reichard KW, Shah SA, McCoy M, Brown M, Dabney KW, Mackenzie WG, Katz DA, Shaffer TH. Prophylactic methylprednisolone to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes from one lung ventilation in children: a randomized clinical trial. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25:587-94. [PMID: 25557228 PMCID: PMC4414674 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One lung ventilation (OLV) results in inflammatory and mechanical injury, leading to intraoperative and postoperative complications in children. No interventions have been studied in children to minimize such injury. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a single 2-mg·kg(-1) dose of methylprednisolone given 45-60 min prior to lung collapse would minimize injury from OLV and improve physiological stability. METHODS Twenty-eight children scheduled to undergo OLV were randomly assigned to receive 2 mg·kg(-1) methylprednisolone (MP) or normal saline (placebo group) prior to OLV. Anesthetic management was standardized, and data were collected for physiological stability (bronchospasm, respiratory resistance, and compliance). Plasma was assayed for inflammatory markers related to lung injury at timed intervals related to administration of methylprednisolone. RESULTS Three children in the placebo group experienced clinically significant intraoperative and postoperative respiratory complications. Respiratory resistance was lower (P = 0.04) in the methylprednisolone group. Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was lower (P = 0.01), and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was higher (P = 0.001) in the methylprednisolone group. Tryptase, measured before and after OLV, was lower (P = 0.03) in the methylprednisolone group while increased levels of tryptase were seen in placebo group after OLV (did not achieve significance). There were no side effects observed that could be attributed to methylprednisolone in this study. CONCLUSIONS Methylprednisolone at 2 mg·kg(-1) given as a single dose prior to OLV provides physiological stability to children undergoing OLV. In addition, methylprednisolone results in lower pro-inflammatory markers and higher anti-inflammatory markers in the children's plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. Theroux
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Maria E. Rodriguez
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Wilmington, USA,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Kirk W. Reichard
- Department of Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA
| | - Suken A. Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA
| | - Matt McCoy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA,Nurse Anesthesia Program, Villanova University, Villanova, USA
| | - Melinda Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA
| | - Kirk W. Dabney
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA
| | - William G. Mackenzie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA
| | - Douglas A. Katz
- Department of Surgery, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA
| | - Thomas H. Shaffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA,Nemours Biomedical Research, Wilmington, USA,Nemours Research Lung Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, USA
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Lamberti Y, Gorgojo J, Massillo C, Rodriguez ME. Bordetella pertussis entry into respiratory epithelial cells and intracellular survival. Pathog Dis 2013; 69:194-204. [PMID: 23893966 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis, aka whooping cough. Although generally considered an extracellular pathogen, this bacterium has been found inside respiratory epithelial cells, which might represent a survival strategy inside the host. Relatively little is known, however, about the mechanism of internalization and the fate of B. pertussis inside the epithelia. We show here that B. pertussis is able to enter those cells by a mechanism dependent on microtubule assembly, lipid raft integrity, and the activation of a tyrosine-kinase-mediated signaling. Once inside the cell, a significant proportion of the intracellular bacteria evade phagolysosomal fusion and remain viable in nonacidic lysosome-associated membrane-protein-1-negative compartments. In addition, intracellular B. pertussis was found able to repopulate the extracellular environment after complete elimination of the extracellular bacteria with polymyxin B. Taken together, these data suggest that B. pertussis is able to survive within respiratory epithelial cells and by this means potentially contribute to host immune system evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Lamberti
- CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Barchinger SE, Zhang X, Hester SE, Rodriguez ME, Harvill ET, Ades SE. sigE facilitates the adaptation of Bordetella bronchiseptica to stress conditions and lethal infection in immunocompromised mice. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:179. [PMID: 22897969 PMCID: PMC3490749 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell envelope of a bacterial pathogen can be damaged by harsh conditions in the environment outside a host and by immune factors during infection. Cell envelope stress responses preserve the integrity of this essential compartment and are often required for virulence. Bordetella species are important respiratory pathogens that possess a large number of putative transcription factors. However, no cell envelope stress responses have been described in these species. Among the putative Bordetella transcription factors are a number of genes belonging to the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) group of alternative sigma factors, some of which are known to mediate cell envelope stress responses in other bacteria. Here we investigate the role of one such gene, sigE, in stress survival and pathogenesis of Bordetella bronchiseptica. Results We demonstrate that sigE encodes a functional sigma factor that mediates a cell envelope stress response. Mutants of B. bronchiseptica strain RB50 lacking sigE are more sensitive to high temperature, ethanol, and perturbation of the envelope by SDS-EDTA and certain β-lactam antibiotics. Using a series of immunocompromised mice deficient in different components of the innate and adaptive immune responses, we show that SigE plays an important role in evading the innate immune response during lethal infections of mice lacking B cells and T cells. SigE is not required, however, for colonization of the respiratory tract of immunocompetent mice. The sigE mutant is more efficiently phagocytosed and killed by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) than RB50, and exhibits decreased cytotoxicity toward macrophages. These altered interactions with phagocytes could contribute to the defects observed during lethal infection. Conclusions Much of the work on transcriptional regulation during infection in B. bronchiseptica has focused on the BvgAS two-component system. This study reveals that the SigE regulon also mediates a discrete subset of functions associated with virulence. SigE is the first cell envelope stress-sensing system to be described in the bordetellae. In addition to its role during lethal infection of mice deficient in adaptive immunity, our results indicate that SigE is likely to be important for survival in the face of stresses encountered in the environment between hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Barchinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
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Rodriguez ME, Mackenzie WG, Ditro C, Miller TL, Chidekel A, Shaffer TH. Skeletal dysplasias: evaluation with impulse oscillometry and thoracoabdominal motion analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; 45:679-86. [PMID: 20575094 PMCID: PMC3338356 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with skeletal dysplasia (SD) often have pulmonary disease, which can be life threatening. In clinical practice, chest wall and formal respiratory function tests are difficult to perform owing to the small size and cooperation. The objective of this study was to demonstrate distinct thoracopulmonary function patterns in children with SD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study reviewing pulmonary function tests from 17 patients with the diagnosis of SD. Three subgroups were studied: Morquio syndrome (MS), metatropic-spondylocostal dysplasia (MSD), and unspecified skeletal dysplasias (SDU). Rib cage contribution to tidal volume excursions (%RC), phase angle (Phtheta), phase relation during total breath (PhRTB), respiratory resistance (Rrs(5-35) Hz), respiratory reactance (Xrs(5-35) Hz), resonant frequency, and their frequency-dependency were analyzed. Values were age-matched and height-matched to reference values of healthy subjects. RESULTS There was a decrease in %RC and an increase in PhRTB (P < 0.05) in the SD group. %RC differed between subgroups [MS: 46.4 +/- 1.8% SE, MSD: 18.4 +/- 2.6% SE, SDU: 27.5 +/- 5.2% SE (P < 0.05)]; Phtheta was within reference values only in MS, which exhibited a decrease in Xrs at 5 Hz (P < 0.05) and an increase in Rrs independent of the frequency. SDU showed a decrease in Xrs at 35 Hz (P < 0.05), no differences were found in Rrs. In MS, a correlation was found between RC and Rrs at all frequencies (r = -0.98, P < 0.01) and between Xrs(5-10) and Phtheta (r = -0.93, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thoracoabdominal dysfunction was associated with altered chest wall reactance at high frequencies in a subgroup of SD patients with abnormal lung reactance and central airway involvement in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.
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Theroux MC, Fisher AO, Horner LM, Rodriguez ME, Costarino AT, Miller TL, Shaffer TH. Protective ventilation to reduce inflammatory injury from one lung ventilation in a piglet model. Paediatr Anaesth 2010; 20:356-64. [PMID: 19919624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that protective ventilation strategy (PVS) as defined by the use of low stretch ventilation (tidal volume of 5 ml x kg(-1) and employing 5 cm of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) during one lung ventilation (OLV) in piglets would result in reduced injury compared to a control group of piglets who received the conventional ventilation (tidal volume of 10 ml x kg(-1) and no PEEP). BACKGROUND PVS has been found to be beneficial in adults to minimize injury from OLV. We designed the current study to test the beneficial effects of PVS in a piglet model of OLV. METHODS Ten piglets each were assigned to either 'Control' group (tidal volume of 10 ml x kg(-1) and no PEEP) or 'PVS' group (tidal volume of 5 ml x kg(-1) during the OLV phase and PEEP of 5 cm of H2O throughout the study). Experiment consisted of 30 min of baseline ventilation, 3 h of OLV, and again 30 min of bilateral ventilation. Respiratory parameters and proinflammatory markers were measured as outcome. RESULTS There was no difference in PaO2 between groups. PaCO2 (P < 0.01) and ventilatory rate (P < 0.01) were higher at 1.5 h OLV and at the end point in the PVS group. Peak inflating pressure (PIP) and pulmonary resistance were higher (P < 0.05) in the control group at 1.5 h OLV. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.04) and IL-8 were less (P < 0.001) in the plasma from the PVS group, while IL-6 and IL-8 were less (P < 0.04) in the lung tissue from ventilated lungs in the PVS group. CONCLUSIONS Based on this model, PVS decreases inflammatory injury both systemically and in the lung tissue with no adverse effect on oxygenation, ventilation, or lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Theroux
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
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Valle C, Rodriguez M, Santamaría R, Almaden Y, Rodriguez ME, Cañadillas S, Martin-Malo A, Aljama P. Cinacalcet reduces the set point of the PTH-calcium curve. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:2430-6. [PMID: 18632847 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcimimetic cinacalcet increases the sensitivity of the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor to calcium and therefore should produce a decrease in the set point of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-calcium curve. For investigation of this hypothesis, nine long-term hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were given cinacalcet for 2 mo, the dosage was titrated per a protocol based on intact PTH and plasma calcium concentrations. Dialysis against low- and high-calcium (0.75 and 1.75 mM) dialysate was used to generate curves describing the relationship between PTH and calcium. Compared with precinacalcet levels, cinacalcet significantly reduced mean serum calcium, intact PTH and whole PTH (wPTH; all P < 0.001). The set points for PTH-calcium curves were significantly reduced, and both maximum and minimum levels of PTH (intact and whole) were significantly decreased. The calcium-mediated inhibition of PTH secretion was more marked after cinacalcet treatment. In addition, cinacalcet shifted the inverse sigmoidal curve of wPTH/non-wPTH ratio versus calcium to the left (i.e., less calcium was required to reduce the wPTH/non-wPTH ratio). In conclusion, cinacalcet increases the sensitivity of the parathyroids to calcium, causing a marked reduction in the set point of the PTH-calcium curve, in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Valle
- Nephrology Service and Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
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22
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Rodriguez ME, Almaden Y, Cañadillas S, Canalejo A, Siendones E, Lopez I, Aguilera-Tejero E, Martin D, Rodriguez M. The calcimimetic R-568 increases vitamin D receptor expression in rat parathyroid glands. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007; 292:F1390-5. [PMID: 17200160 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00262.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that extracellular calcium regulates vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression by parathyroid cells. Since the calcimimetic R-568 potentiates the effects of calcium on the calcium-sensing receptor, it was hypothesized that administration of R-568 may result in increased VDR expression in parathyroid tissue. In vitro studies of the effect of R-568 on VDR mRNA and protein were conducted in cultures of whole rat parathyroid glands and human hyperplastic parathyroid glands. In vivo studies in Wistar rats examined the effect of R-568 and calcitriol alone and in combination. Incubation of rat parathyroid glands in vitro with R-568 (0.001–1 μM) resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and an increase in VDR expression (mean ± SE). Incubation in 1 mM calcium + 0.001 μM R-568 elicited an increase in VDR mRNA (306 ± 46%) similar to the maximum increase detected with 1.5 mM calcium (330 ± 42%). In vivo, VDR mRNA was increased after administration of R-568 (168 ± 9%, P < 0.001 vs. control) or calcitriol (198 ± 16%, P < 0.001 vs. control). Treatment with R-568 also increased VDR protein in normal rat parathyroid glands and in human parathyroid glands with diffuse, but not nodular, hyperplasia. In conclusion, the present study shows that the calcimimetic R-568 exerts a stimulatory effect on VDR expression in the parathyroid glands of study models and provides additional evidence for the use of calcimimetics in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigacion, Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
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Kouri V, Marini A, Nambiar S, Rodriguez ME, Capo V, Resik S, Mantecon B, Martinez A, Köhler-Hansner KJ, Hengge UR. Nearly identical strains of human herpesvirus 8 in couples discordant for Kaposi's sarcoma. AIDS 2007; 21:765-8. [PMID: 17413700 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328031f450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) may occur through various routes including breastfeeding and sexual intercourse. We attempted to detect HHV-8 infection in nine HIV-positive couples discordant for Kaposi's sarcoma who maintained a monogamous sexual relationship for at least one year. By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and HHV-8 genotyping we provide strong evidence for the sexual transmission of HHV-8 in this unique cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Kouri
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
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Lopez-Beltran A, Requena MJ, Luque RJ, Alvarez-Kindelan J, Quintero A, Blanca AM, Rodriguez ME, Siendones E, Montironi R. Cyclin D3 expression in primary Ta/T1 bladder cancer. J Pathol 2006; 209:106-13. [PMID: 16482499 DOI: 10.1002/path.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D3 deregulation has recently been reported in bladder cancer but its prognostic significance remains uncertain. A cohort of 159 patients with stage Ta or T1 primary bladder tumours was investigated to determine the significance of cyclin D3 expression in association with other G1-S phase regulators of the cell cycle (p53, p21Waf1, p27kip1, cyclin D1), including tumour proliferation (ki67-MIB1); its association with conventional clinicopathological parameters; and the relationship between cyclin D3 and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the 9p21 (p16INK4a locus) chromosome region. The end point of the study was progression-free survival. Cyclin D3, other G1-S phase regulators, and tumour proliferation were investigated by immunohistochemistry and measured by the grid-counting method. To validate the immunohistochemical expression, cyclin D3 was additionally assessed by western blotting in selected cases. LOH at the 9p21 chromosome region (marker D9S171) was assessed in 125 cases using an AB Prism 310 genetic analyser and a set of microsatellite fluorescence-labelled primers. Cyclin D3 overexpression was related to larger tumour size (>5 cm; p < 0.0001) and high tumour proliferation (>10%; p = 0.025). Mean cyclin D3 expression increased with 2004 WHO grading categories in stage Ta (p = 0.035, ANOVA) and stage T1 (p = 0.047, t test) tumours. Cyclin D3 was not related to other clinicopathological parameters, G1-S phase modulators, or 9p21 LOH. Cox's multivariate analysis selected cyclin D3 as an independent predictor of progression-free survival (p = 0.0012, relative risk (RR) = 5.2366) together with tumour size (p = 0.0115, RR = 4.4442) and cyclin D1 (p = 0.0065, RR = 3.3023). Cyclin D3 expression had the highest risk ratio. Our results suggest that expression of cyclin D3 is relevant to the progression-free survival of patients with Ta/T1 bladder carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology, Reina Sofia University Hospital and Cordoba University Medical School, Spain
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Kouri V, Marini A, Doroudi R, Nambiar S, Rodriguez ME, Capo V, Resik S, Blanco O, Martínez A, Hengge UR. Molecular epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) in Cuban and German patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and asymptomatic sexual contacts. Virology 2005; 337:297-303. [PMID: 15916791 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) shows a distinct geographical and ethnic distribution. The variable K1 gene serves to differentiate the KSHV subtypes A-E, M, N, and Q. Phylogenetic characterization of 19 classical and epidemic German KS specimens revealed the Eurasian KSHV subtypes C (n = 13, including 6 classical KS) and A (n = 6), while 27 Cuban specimens showed a variety of different subtypes (A: n = 16, 4 being A5; C: n = 8; B: n = 2; and the new subtype E: n = 1). Three pairs of isolates from KS patients and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of their sexual partners without KS were studied for the first time and found identical, strongly arguing for sexual transmission of KSHV in this unique cohort. The unique ethnic background of the Cuban population may explain the variety of different KSHV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Kouri
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
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26
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Hellwig SMM, Rodriguez ME, Berbers GAM, van de Winkel JGJ, Mooi FR. Crucial role of antibodies to pertactin in Bordetella pertussis immunity. J Infect Dis 2003; 188:738-42. [PMID: 12934190 DOI: 10.1086/377283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2002] [Accepted: 03/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, a serious infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis, is reemerging in vaccinated populations. Efforts to curtail this disease are hampered by limited insight into the basis of protective immunity. Opsonophagocytosis was recently found to play a central role in cellular bactericidal activity against B. pertussis. In the present study, we studied the specificity of opsonic antibodies. Anti-pertactin antibodies, but not anti-pertussis toxin, anti-fimbriae, or anti-filamentous hemagglutinin antibodies, were found to be crucial for B. pertussis phagocytosis. These data are consistent with field studies showing that levels of antibodies to pertactin correlate with protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M M Hellwig
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
p18(INK4c) belongs to the family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory proteins that target the cyclin-dependent kinases and inhibit their catalytic activity. The role of p18(INK4c) for cell cycle progression in vivo is characterized poorly. Therefore, we studied the expression and physiologic relevance of p18 in quiescent and proliferating hepatocytes during liver regeneration. For our analysis we used single- (p18[INK4c], p27[KIP1], p21[CIP1/WAF1]), and double-mutant (p18/p21, p18/p27) mice. p18 expression was found in quiescent hepatocytes and a slight up-regulation was evident after partial hepatectomy (PH). p18 knockout animals showed normal cell cycle progression after PH. However, when p18/p21 and p18/p27 double-mutant mice were used, differences in cell cycle progression were evident compared with wild-type (wt) and single knockout animals. In p18/p21 knockout animals, the G1 phase was shortened as evidenced by an earlier onset of cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activation after PH. In contrast, in p18/p27 knockout animals, the G1 phase was unchanged, but the amount of proliferating hepatocytes (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine [BrdU] and PCNA positive) 48 hours after PH was elevated. In conclusion, our results suggest that p18 is involved in cell cycle progression after PH. Additionally we provide evidence that timing and strength of DNA synthesis in hepatocytes after PH is regulated tightly through the collaboration of different cell cycle inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Rodriguez ME, Hellwig SM, Hozbor DF, Leusen J, van der Pol WL, van de Winkel JG. Fc receptor-mediated immunity against Bordetella pertussis. J Immunol 2001; 167:6545-51. [PMID: 11714823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of specific Abs for the induction of cellular effector functions against Bordetella pertussis was studied. IgG-opsonized B. pertussis was efficiently phagocytosed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). This process was mediated by the PMN IgG receptors, FcgammaRIIa (CD32) and FcgammaRIIIb (CD16), working synergistically. Furthermore, these FcgammaR triggered efficient PMN respiratory burst activity and mediated transfer of B. pertussis to lysosomal compartments, ultimately resulting in reduced bacterial viability. Bacteria opsonized with IgA triggered similar PMN activation via FcalphaR (CD89). Simultaneous engagement of FcalphaRI and FcgammaR by B. pertussis resulted in increased phagocytosis rates, compared with responses induced by either isotype alone. These data provide new insights into host immune mechanisms against B. pertussis and document a crucial role for Ig-FcR interactions in immunity to this human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Rodriguez ME. [The movement from the humoral theory of disease to the birth of the modern clinic in Mexico]. Quipu 2001; 9:297-306. [PMID: 11640694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This article refers to the time when the "Real y Pontificia Universidad de México" was closed and the Establecimiento de Ciencias Médicas (Medical Sciences Establishment) was created in 1833. Due to this historical event, it was done firstly as an epistemological approach in the history of medicine in Mexico; this is to say, disease concept changed. Instead of the Humoral Theory, the Biological Model regarding the lesion was developed. This model supports that disease is an anatomical or functional disturbance in the human body. The research, theoretically, is based on the philosophy of Gaston Bachelard.
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Rodriguez ME. [Dr. Nicolás León and physical anthropology]. Bol Soc Mex Hist Filos Med 2001; 12:42-8. [PMID: 11638034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Abstract
The hydrolysis of hemicellulose to monomeric sugars by dilute acid hydrolysis is accompanied by the production of inhibitors that retard microbial fermentation. Treatment of hot hydrolysate with Ca(OH)(2) (overliming) is an effective method for detoxification. Using ethanologenic Escherichia coli LY01 as the biocatalyst, our results indicate that the optimal lime addition for detoxification varies and depends on the concentration of mineral acids and organic acids in each hydrolysate. This optimum was shown to be readily predicted on the basis of the titration of hydrolysate with 2 N NaOH at ambient temperature to either pH 7.0 or pH 11.0. The average composition of 15 hydrolysates prior to treatment was as follows (per L): 95.24 +/- 7.29 g sugar, 5.3 +/- 2.99 g acetic acid, 1.305 +/- 0.288 g total furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural), and 2.86 +/- 0.34 g phenolic compounds. Optimal overliming resulted in a 51 +/- 9% reduction of total furans, a 41 +/- 6% reduction in phenolic compounds, and a 8.7 +/- 4.5% decline in sugar. Acetic acid levels were unchanged. Considering the similarity of microorganisms, it is possible that the titration method described here may also prove useful for detoxification and fermentation processes using other microbial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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van der Pol W, Vidarsson G, Vilé HA, van de Winkel JG, Rodriguez ME. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific IgA triggers efficient neutrophil effector functions via FcalphaRI (CD89). J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1139-45. [PMID: 10979910 DOI: 10.1086/315825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2000] [Revised: 06/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific anti-capsular polysaccharide IgG is believed to be important for protection against infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Significant IgA responses have been observed after vaccination with pneumococcal vaccines, but the role of this isotype in anti-pneumococcal host defense is unclear. Here, it is shown that purified serum IgA specific for pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides can initiate efficient cellular effector functions, such as phagocytosis, via interaction with the myeloid IgA receptor, FcalphaRI (CD89). The efficiency of FcalphaR-triggered granulocyte effector functions was comparable to that of FcgammaRIIa (CD32), as shown in experiments with bispecific antibodies. These results support a role for polysaccharide-specific IgA in antipneumococcal cellular effector function and suggest that FcalphaRI represents an important leukocyte receptor for immunity against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- W van der Pol
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Hemicellulose syrups from dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysates of hemicellulose contain inhibitors that prevent efficient fermentation by yeast or bacteria. It is well known that the toxicity of these hydrolysate syrups can be ameliorated by optimized "overliming" with Ca(OH)(2). We have investigated the optimization of overliming treatments for sugar cane bagasse hydrolysates (primarily pentose sugars) using recombinant Escherichia coli LY01 as the biocatalyst. A comparison of composition before and after optimal overliming revealed a substantial reduction in furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, and three unidentified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks. Organic acids (acetic, formic, levulinic) were not affected. Similar changes have been reported after overliming of spruce hemicellulose hydrolysates (Larsson et al., 1999). Our studies further demonstrated that the extent of furan reduction correlated with increasing fermentability. However, furan reduction was not the sole cause for reduced toxicity. After optimal overliming, bagasse hydrolysate was rapidly and efficiently fermented (>90% yield) by LY01. During these studies, titration, and conductivity were found to be in excellent agreement as methods to estimate sulfuric acid content. Titration was also found to provide an estimate of total organic acids in hydrolysate, which agreed well with the sum of acetic, levulinic, and formic acids obtained by HPLC. Titration of acids, measurement of pH before and after treatment, and furan analyses are proposed as relatively simple methods to monitor the reproducibility of hydrolysate preparations and the effectiveness of overliming treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Abstract
A simple method based on UV spectra was developed for the estimation of total furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) in hemicellulose hydrolysates. UV spectra of hemicellulose hydrolysate contained a single dominant peak at around 278 nm. Approximately two-thirds of this peak can be attributed to furan absorbance (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural). At 284 nm, both furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural have equal absorbance on a weight basis. A comparison of HPLC determinations for different samples of hydrolysate was used to develop a simple equation that allows the accurate prediction of total furans based on the difference in absorbance at 284 and 320 nm. This method may prove useful for quality control applications during the production of biomass syrups using a dilute acid hydrolysis process and during treatments for the amelioration of toxins. Although furans represent only a portion of the toxins present in hemicellulose hydrolysates, the abundance of furans appears to serve as a useful marker to predict relative toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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Abstract
The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the production of Bordetella pertussis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Numerous vesicles released from cells grown in Stainer-Scholte liquid medium were observed. The formation of similar vesicle-like structures could also be artificially induced by sonication of concentrated bacterial suspensions. Immunoblot analysis showed that OMVs contain adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (AC-Hly), among other polypeptides, as well as the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experiments carried out employing purified AC-Hly and OMVs isolated from B. pertussis AC-Hly- showed that AC-Hly is an integral component of the vesicles. OMVs reported here contain several protective immunogens and might be considered a possible basic material for the development of acellular pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hozbor
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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36
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Rodriguez ME, van der Pol WL, Sanders LA, van de Winkel JG. Crucial role of FcgammaRIIa (CD32) in assessment of functional anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody activity in human sera. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:423-33. [PMID: 9878027 DOI: 10.1086/314603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) constitutes the main defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Two leukocyte IgG receptors, FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIb, are constitutively expressed on PMNL. Blocking experiments showed FcgammaRIIa is crucial for opsonophagocytosis of serum-opsonized S. pneumoniae. The biallelic, genetically determined FcgammaRIIa polymorphism (FcgammaRIIa-R131 vs. IIa-H131) determines the capacity of IgG2-mediated phagocytosis via this receptor. Comparative studies with PMNL from donors either homozygous for FcgammaRIIa-R131 or IIa-H131 showed the latter had higher phagocytic capacity. These results were confirmed in FcgammaRIIa-R131- and FcgammaRIIa-H131-transfected IIA1.6 cells. The performance of FcgammaRIIa-transfected cells in S. pneumoniae phagocytosis was validated using sera from adults and children. Serum-induced phagocytic activity depended mainly on anti-pneumococcal IgG2 antibodies. Results obtained with PMNL and IIA1.6 cells showed high correlation (r=0.94; P<.001), and support that FcgammaRIIa transfectants are a good alternative to PMNL as effector cells in opsonophagocytosis assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Medarex Europe, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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37
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Rodriguez ME, van den Dobbelsteen GP, Oomen LA, de Weers O, van Buren L, Beurret M, Poolman JT, Hoogerhout P. Immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6B and 14 polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates and the effect of uncoupled polysaccharide on the antigen-specific immune response. Vaccine 1998; 16:1941-9. [PMID: 9796048 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of two types of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates (PS6BTT and PS14TT) was evaluated in mice. Both conjugates induced high titres of high avidity type-specific anti-PS IgG, which include all IgG isotypes except IgG2a. Repeated immunization resulted in booster responses in both cases. The antibodies induced exhibited opsonic activity, as measured in an in vitro opsonophagocytosis assay, using the mouse macrophage cell line RAW-264. Furthermore, the influence of spiking PS6BTT with free PS6B of either 1000 kDa (native) or 37 kDa was investigated. The results indicate that not only the amount but also the molecular weight of the free PS6B present in the conjugate vaccine affect the anti-PS6B immune response. Large amounts of free PS6B of both molecular weights decrease each anti-PS6B IgG isotype response. However, unlike admixture of the low molecular weight PS6B, addition of the high molecular weight PS6B leads to a rather persistent state of unresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development and Immune Mechanisms, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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38
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Guillermo A, Rodriguez ME. Neurological diagnosis on a reported case of chromosome 10 qter deletion. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1998; 152:1154-5. [PMID: 9811300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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39
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Ueda K, Yamaoka K, Rodriguez ME, Shibukawa A, Nakagawa T. Enantioselective local disposition of semotiadil (R-enantiomer) and levosemotiadil (S-enantiomer) in perfused rat liver. Drug Metab Dispos 1997; 25:281-6. [PMID: 9172944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective local disposition of semotiadil (R-enantiomer) and levosemotiadil (S-enantiomer) in rat liver was investigated in the single-pass perfusion system containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). After an instantaneous injection of semotiadil, levosemotiadil, or Evans Blue (a marker of BSA), each outflow time profile from the liver was analyzed by a two-compartment dispersion model. The recovery ratio, FH (1.88 +/- 0.28%), of semotiadil was significantly smaller than that (8.99 +/- 1.40%) of levosemotiadil. The mean transit time, fH (0.146 +/- 0.014 min) of semotiadil was significantly smaller than that (0.191 +/- 0.012 min) of levosemotiadil. The biliary excretion kinetics of these enantiomers was also evaluated by moment analysis. The parent compound (semotiadil or levosemotiadil) was not detected in bile, but four metabolites generated from each parent enantiomer were found in the bile. A portion (16.5 +/- 1.2%) of the drug eliminated by the liver was recovered as R-metabolites in the bile within 1 hr after an injection of semotiadil, whereas 11.2 +/- 1.6% was recovered as S-metabolites in the bile within 1 hr after an injection of levosemotiadil. This excreted percentage into the bile was significantly different between R- and S-metabolites. The mean biliary excretion time MRTe (19.1 +/- 2.2 min) of total R-metabolites was significantly larger than that (14.8 +/- 1.1 min) of total S-metabolites. In conclusion, stereo-selectivity was suggested both at the hepatic elimination of the parent compound and at the biliary excretion of the metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ueda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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40
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Abstract
Cells of Bordetella pertussis grown in a bioreactor under stirring conditions were studied to investigate the effect of shear stress on cellular-bound filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA). FHA attached to the bacterial surface, unlike extracellular FHA, was not affected at the shear levels tested. Moreover, no other cellular immunogen involved in the whole-cell protective activity seemed to be affected by hydromechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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41
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Beauchamp LM, Tuttle JV, Rodriguez ME, Sznaidman ML. Guanine, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, and triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine (8-azaguanine) phosphonate acyclic derivatives as inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. J Med Chem 1996; 39:949-56. [PMID: 8632418 DOI: 10.1021/jm950736k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonate acyclic derivates of guanines, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, and triazolo[4,5-d]-pyrimidines (8-azaguanines) are inhibitors of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) with Ki' values ranging from 0.05 to 1.6 microM. These compounds are enzymatically stable congeners of the potent PNPase inhibitor acyclovir diphosphate (53).
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Beauchamp
- Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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42
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Hozbor D, Chirdo FG, Rodriguez ME, Valverde C, Yantorno O. Quantitation of adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Biologicals 1995; 23:279-84. [PMID: 8825856 DOI: 10.1006/biol.1995.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis produces extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase toxin (AC) which has received considerable attention as a potential vaccine candidate. Great interest from laboratories involved in production, purification and quality control of acellular pertussis vaccine is focused on finding an appropriate technique for rapid and accurate quantitation of AC antigen. In this paper a competitive ELISA is proposed. A polystyrene microplate coated with purified AC was incubated with the sample to be tested plus anti-AC serum. The bound anti-AC antibodies were measured by sequential reaction with alkaline phosphatase-labelled anti-mouse IgG and p-nitrophenylphosphate. This method showed high specificity, with the 50% inhibition corresponding to 4 micrograms/ml of AC. It also proved to be useful to assess the presence of AC in culture supernatants, with high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hozbor
- Facultad de Ciencas Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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43
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Abstract
This paper attempts to provide an explanation for the effect of cyclodextrin on the yield of Bordetella pertussis soluble antigens. It was demonstrated that the addition of cyclodextrin to the synthetic Stainer-Scholte liquid medium enhances the level of the intracellular form of adenylate cyclase (200 kDa) in the supernate. In addition to this effect, it has been reported that cyclodextrin also enhances the levels of two other extracellular proteins, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. As these antigens are structurally different, it seems that the effect of cyclodextrin is not specific. With the use of different buffer systems of well-known action on outer membrane stability it was possible to determine a relationship between the presence of cyclodextrin, destabilisation of the outer membrane and the release of proteins. It was determined that the cyclodextrin did not modify the fluidity of B. pertussis cells but produced a change of outer membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hozbor
- Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad De Ciencias Exactas UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
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44
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Abstract
The presence of reflex myoclonus in response to touching and pin-pricking the wrist or stretching the fingers and to photic stimulation was assessed in 24 patients with a presumed diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and in 30 age matched control subjects. Reflex myoclonus to soma-esthetic stimulation was found in 23 patients and in none of the controls. Photic myoclonus was present in 12 patients and in none of the controls. Electrophysiological study of the reflex myoclonus showed enhanced (> 10 microV) somatosensory evoked potentials and an associated reflex electromyographic discharge (C-wave) in 15 patients. These findings indicate that reflex myoclonus is common in OPCA and probably of cortical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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45
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Abstract
The effect of the addition of (2,6-O-dimethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (Me beta CD) during growth of Bordetella pertussis in synthetic Stainer-Scholte liquid medium (SS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) release was investigated. The Me beta CD concentration used (3 mg/ml) was chosen according to the optimal level found in previous studies to enhance major soluble antigen production. The profiles in SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of LPS extracted from cells grown in SS and SS + Me beta CD media revealed similar patterns. Although the LPS content of whole cells decreased during cell growth, yields obtained at different growth periods in cyclodextrin medium were lower than those corresponding to SS medium alone. Consequently, the level of LPS released in supernatants of both media increased during cellular growth. This amount of free LPS was higher in the cyclodextrin liquid medium and became significant at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. Binding of cyclodextrin to pertussis cells could account for the data obtained. Similar results were obtained with all species of the genus Bordetella.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hozbor
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), La Plata, Argentina
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46
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Gonzalez RR, Robaina R, Rodriguez ME, Blanca S. An enzyme immunoassay for determining total thyroxine in human serum using an ultramicroanalytical system. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 197:159-70. [PMID: 1904803 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid competitive ultramicroElisa assay has been developed for the measurement of total thyroxine (T4) using only 10 microliters of serum. Our novel UME is based on fluorescence measurements of the hydrolytic product of 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. T4-beta-Galactosidase conjugates and monoclonal antibodies were immobilized on polyvinyl plates, with sodium salicylate used as a blocking agent for thyroxine binding protein. The analytical steps were carried out using a semiautomated batch-assay system entitled "SUMA" (system for ultramicroanalysis). The T4 assay was completed in 2 h, with a measuring range of 24-386 nmol/L. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 4.6-6.9% and the inter-assay C.V. 9.0-12.4% depending on the T4 concentrations. Percentage recovery ranged from 99.2-111%. Regression analysis showed a good correlation with an established radioimmunoassay (n = 121, r = 0.946, P less than 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Gonzalez
- National Institute of Endocrinology, Hospital Fajardo, Vedado, Havana, Cuba
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47
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Abstract
A schizophrenic patient developed a characteristic clinical picture of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) while admitted to the hospital during an exacerbation of his psychiatric symptoms. Oral treatment of the NMS with bromocriptine (7.5 mg/day) or levodopa/carbidopa (125/12.5 mg) provoked intense vomiting in spite of domperidone (60 mg/day), which led to their discontinuation. In view of the deterioration of the symptoms, treatment was begun with lisuride (1-2 mg/24 h) subcutaneously. An obvious improvement was shown in 24 h, but levodopa/carbidopa (125/12.5 mg t.d.s. orally) had to be added later to achieve complete resolution of the NMS. During the recovery phase, while being treated with subcutaneous lisuride infusion and levodopa (p.o.), the patient presented with confusion, agitation, and hallucination. Lisuride infusion was stopped and levodopa was continued until complete resolution of the NMS. This case indicates that parenteral administration of lisuride or other dopamine agents such as levodopa (i.v.) or apomorphine (s.c.) may be considered an effective and practical way of treating NMS, particularly when the patient's condition makes it difficult or impossible to use other dopaminergic drugs by the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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48
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Obeso JA, Grandas F, Vaamonde J, Luquin MR, Artieda J, Lera G, Rodriguez ME, Martinez-Lage JM. Motor complications associated with chronic levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1989; 39:11-9. [PMID: 2685647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations and dyskinesias are the 2 main motor complications associated with chronic levodopa therapy. Striatal denervation following degeneration of the substantia nigra dopaminergic projections is probably the major pathophysiologic mechanism underlying motor fluctuations. In addition, pathologic modification of striatal receptors, partially related to the nonphysiologic delivery of levodopa in a discontinuous pulsatile mode, may be responsible for the various types of dyskinesias and sudden "off" episodes. Drugs capable of providing a stable dopaminergic stimulation should be particularly useful for preventing the development of motor complications in patients not yet treated. At the other end of the clinical spectrum, patients with complex fluctuations are the least likely to improve with slow-release levodopa preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Obeso
- Department of Neurology, Clinica Universitaria, Pamplona, Spain
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49
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McMillen BA, DaVanzo EA, Song AH, Scott SM, Rodriguez ME. Effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on isolation-induced aggression in male mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 160:149-53. [PMID: 2565815 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of classical, atypical and putative antipsychotic drugs were compared for their ability to inhibit isolation-induced intraspecies aggression with affinity for D-2 dopamine receptors and induction of akinesia. The majority of drugs tested significantly inhibited aggressive behavior only after doses that greatly decreased the ability of mice to move. Even though akinesia seemed to account for inhibition of aggression there was no apparent correlation with binding to striatal D-2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A McMillen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858
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50
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Abstract
This paper is a comprehensive review of the available information about alcohol consumption in Spain. Alcohol use is the most severe drug problem among both young people and adults; almost half the Spanish population drink daily, and more than a fourth drink a quantity of alcohol sufficient to cause health problems in the long term. The consumption of alcohol may be considered to be culturally rooted when compared with other drug use which follows a more recent epidemic pattern. For those who use other drugs, for example cannabis and cocaine, alcohol is commonly used in conjunction. Clearly the level of alcohol use and abuse is high in Spain and constitutes a severe public health and socioeconomic problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rodriguez
- University of California, Drug Abuse Information and Monitoring Project, Los Angeles 90024
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