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Rangel TL, Saul T, Bindler R, Roney JK, Penders RA, Faulkner R, Miller L, Sperry M, James L, Wilson ML. Exercise, diet, and sleep habits of nurses working full-time during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study. Appl Nurs Res 2023; 69:151665. [PMID: 36635006 PMCID: PMC9743780 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy diet, exercise, and sleep practices may mitigate stress and prevent illness. However, lifestyle behaviors of acute care nurses working during stressful COVID-19 surges are unclear. PURPOSE To quantify sleep, diet, and exercise practices of 12-hour acute care nurses working day or night shift during COVID-19-related surges. METHODS Nurses across 10 hospitals in the United States wore wrist actigraphs and pedometers to quantify sleep and steps and completed electronic diaries documenting diet over 7-days. FINDINGS Participant average sleep quantity did not meet national recommendations; night shift nurses (n = 23) slept significantly less before on-duty days when compared to day shift nurses (n = 34). Proportionally more night shift nurses did not meet daily step recommendations. Diet quality was low on average among participants. DISCUSSION Nurses, especially those on night shift, may require resources to support healthy sleep hygiene, physical activity practices, and diet quality to mitigate stressful work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Rangel
- Providence Health System, United States of America.
| | - T Saul
- Providence Health System, United States of America
| | - R Bindler
- Providence Health System, United States of America; Washington State University, United States of America
| | - J K Roney
- Providence Health System, United States of America
| | - R A Penders
- Providence Health System, United States of America
| | - R Faulkner
- Providence Health System, United States of America
| | - L Miller
- Lincoln Memorial University, United States of America
| | - M Sperry
- Providence Health System, United States of America
| | - L James
- Washington State University, United States of America
| | - M L Wilson
- Washington State University, United States of America
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2
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Stiller M, Wilson ML, Bärnighausen T, Adedimeji AA, Lewis ER, Abio A. Help-seeking behaviors among survivors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in 54 LMICs. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:ckac129.056. [PMCID: PMC9830974 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by pregnant women is pervasive worldwide. As survivors rarely seek help, there exists a paucity of research on their help-seeking behaviors. The present study provides a multi-national perspective into the nature of help-seeking behaviors among survivors of IPV during pregnancy. Methods Population-based data from 54 LMICs were abstracted from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program between 2005 and 2020 (N = 359,027). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze the extent to which - and from whom - survivors of IPV during pregnancy sought help and assess associated factors. Results Half of respondents (51.87%) sought help following IPV while pregnant (ranging from 39.02% in Asia and Oceania to 63.18% in sub-Saharan Africa). Support was primarily obtained from informal contacts (44.02%), such as family, neighbors, and friends, and rarely from formal institutions (10.45%), such as law enforcement, social and medical services. Help-seeking behaviors were positively associated with higher education, employment, earnings exceeding that of their spouse, exposure to mass media, intimate partner's alcohol consumption, fear of their intimate partner, parental violence, richer wealth status, partner's controlling behaviors, and facing barriers to access health care. Conversely, being married, and justifying wife beating were negatively associated with help-seeking. Conclusions The research findings highlight the need for interventions, ranging in scope from the individual to familial and societal levels, to increase and improve help-seeking opportunities for IPV survivors. Efforts should be made on strengthening women's decision-making capacity, reducing poverty, ensuring educational attainment, improving employment opportunities, disseminating information about help sources, IPV screening within health care, and promoting the diffusion of gender equality by engaging communities as a whole. Key messages • IPV during pregnancy is still pervasive in LMICs, and only half of survivors seek help. Women’s individual, partner’s/family’s, and community’s factors are associated with IPV survivors’ help-seeking. • The research findings highlight the need for interventions, ranging in scope from the individual to familial and societal levels, to increase and improve help-seeking opportunities for IPV survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stiller
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - ML Wilson
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Injury Epidemiology & Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Center, Turku, Finland
| | - T Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - AA Adedimeji
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - ER Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - A Abio
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Injury Epidemiology & Prevention Research Group, Turku Brain Injury Center, Turku, Finland
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Jones AJ, Jones-López EC, Butler-Wu SM, Wilson ML, Rodman J, Flors L, Voyageur C, Jones BE. Impact of COVID-19 on diagnosis and testing for TB in a high-resource, low-burden setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:888-890. [PMID: 35996281 PMCID: PMC9423020 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A J Jones
- Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E C Jones-López
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S M Butler-Wu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M L Wilson
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J Rodman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - L Flors
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - C Voyageur
- Los Angeles County and University of Southern California (LAC +USC) Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B E Jones
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Lozinski BM, Frederick B, Li Y, Saqui-Salces M, Shurson GC, Urriola PE, Wilson ML, Johnston LJ. Effects of water quality on growth performance and health of nursery pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac002. [PMID: 35155995 PMCID: PMC8827558 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of providing drinking water of differing qualities on growth performance and health of nursery pigs. Weanling pigs (n = 450; 150 pigs/group; 10 pigs/pen) were assigned randomly to one of three experimental groups consisting of three water sources of varying qualities: 1) Water source A containing 1,410 ppm hardness (CaCO3 equivalent), 1,120 ppm sulfates, and 1,500 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS); 2) Water source B containing 909 ppm hardness (CaCO3 equivalent), 617 ppm sulfates, and 1,050 ppm TDS; and 3) Water source C containing 235 ppm hardness (CaCO3 equivalent), 2 ppm sulfates, and 348 ppm TDS. Pigs were provided ad libitum access to their respective water sources for the duration of the study which began at weaning (21 d of age) and ended 40 d later (61 d of age). Individual pig weights were recorded weekly along with feed intake on a pen basis. Occurrences of morbidity and mortality were recorded daily. Subjective fecal scores were assigned on a pen basis and blood samples were used to evaluate blood chemistry, cytokine concentrations, and phagocytic activity. A differential sugar absorption test was used to assess intestinal permeability. Fecal grab samples were used to establish diet digestibility, and drinking behavior was video-recorded to assess pigs’ acceptance of water sources provided. The statistical model considered fixed effects of water source, room, and their interaction with the random effect of pen. A repeated measures analysis was conducted to determine the effects of water quality over time. There were no differences (P > 0.440) among water sources in average daily gain (A, 0.46 kg/d; B, 0.46 kg/d; C, 0.47 kg/d) or average daily feed intake (A, 0.68 kg/d; B, 0.69 kg/d; C, 0.71 kg/d). Overall mortality of pigs was 0.44% and did not differ across the three water sources. There were no differences in apparent total tract digestibility of the diet, intestinal permeability, immune parameters, or blood chemistry attributable to quality of water consumed by pigs. Pigs did not show an aversion to the water sources provided, because total time pigs spent at the drinker did not differ (P > 0.750) among water sources on days 1 through 3 of the experiment. These data indicate that the water sources of differing quality studied did not affect growth performance or health of nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lozinski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America
| | - B Frederick
- Christensen Family Farms, Sleepy Eye, MN, United States of America
| | - Y Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America
- West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, United States of America
| | - M Saqui-Salces
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America
| | - G C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America
| | - P E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America
| | - M L Wilson
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America
| | - L J Johnston
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America
- West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, United States of America
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Blaise B, Wilson ML, Guitart J. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg-like cells within a recurrent primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 48:716-718. [PMID: 33216406 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Blaise
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Morgan L Wilson
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Joan Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Smith A, Blaise B, Wilson ML, Bowers S. Inverse Distribution of Pink Macules and Patches. Cutis 2020; 106:E23-E24. [DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Puolakkainen T, Vähäsilta L, Bensch F, Narjus-Sterba M, Wilson ML, Thorén H, Snäll J. Blunt cerebrovascular injuries in the craniofacial fracture population-Are we screening the right patients? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:463-470. [PMID: 32994036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge of blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVIs) in craniomaxillofacial fracture (CMF) patients is limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of BCVIs in patients with all types of CMF. This retrospective study included CMF patients in a level 1 trauma centre during a 3-year period. Patients who were not imaged with computed tomography angiography and patients with mechanisms other than blunt injury were excluded. The primary outcome variable was BCVI. A total of 753 patients were included in the analysis. A BCVI was detected in 4.4% of the patients screened. BCVIs occurred in 8.7% of cranial fracture patients, 7.1% of combined craniofacial fracture patients, and 3.1% of facial fracture patients. The risk of BCVI was significantly increased in patients with isolated cranial fractures (odds ratio (OR) 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-5.50; P=0.017), those involved in motor vehicle accidents (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.63-7.17; P=0.001), and those sustaining high-energy injuries (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.57-6.40; P=0.001). BCVIs in CMF patients are relatively common in high-energy injuries. However, these injuries also occur in minor traumas. Imaging thresholds should be kept low in this patient population when BCVIs are suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Puolakkainen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - L Vähäsilta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - F Bensch
- Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Narjus-Sterba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M L Wilson
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention (IEP), Turku Brain Injury Centre, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Injury Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Thorén
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J Snäll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Gray KJ, Kovacheva VP, Mirzakhani H, Bjonnes AC, Almoguera B, Wilson ML, Ingles SA, Lockwood CJ, Hakonarson H, McElrath TF, Murray JC, Norwitz ER, Karumanchi SA, Bateman BT, Keating BJ, Saxena R. Risk of pre-eclampsia in patients with a maternal genetic predisposition to common medical conditions: a case-control study. BJOG 2020; 128:55-65. [PMID: 32741103 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether women with a genetic predisposition to medical conditions known to increase pre-eclampsia risk have an increased risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnancy. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING AND POPULATION Pre-eclampsia cases (n = 498) and controls (n = 1864) in women of European ancestry from five US sites genotyped on a cardiovascular gene-centric array. METHODS Significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 21 traits in seven disease categories (cardiovascular, inflammatory/autoimmune, insulin resistance, liver, obesity, renal and thrombophilia) with published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used to create a genetic instrument for each trait. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association of each continuous scaled genetic instrument with pre-eclampsia. Odds of pre-eclampsia were compared across quartiles of the genetic instrument and evaluated for significance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genetic predisposition to medical conditions and relationship with pre-eclampsia. RESULTS An increasing burden of risk alleles for elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and increased body mass index (BMI) were associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia (DBP, overall OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.21, P = 0.025; BMI, OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.20, P = 0.042), whereas alleles associated with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were protective (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.97, P = 0.008), driven primarily by pleiotropic effects of variants in the FADS gene region. The effect of DBP genetic loci was even greater in early-onset pre-eclampsia cases (at <34 weeks of gestation, OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.08-1.56, P = 0.005). For other traits, there was no evidence of an association. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the underlying genetic architecture of pre-eclampsia may be shared with other disorders, specifically hypertension and obesity. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT A genetic predisposition to increased diastolic blood pressure and obesity increases the risk of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Gray
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - V P Kovacheva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Mirzakhani
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A C Bjonnes
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B Almoguera
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M L Wilson
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S A Ingles
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - C J Lockwood
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - H Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Human Genetics and Pulmonary Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - E R Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S A Karumanchi
- Center for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - B T Bateman
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B J Keating
- Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Wilson DH, Jarman EJ, Mellin RP, Wilson ML, Waddell SH, Tsokkou P, Younger NT, Raven A, Bhalla SR, Noll ATR, Olde Damink SW, Schaap FG, Chen P, Bates DO, Banales JM, Dean CH, Henderson DJ, Sansom OJ, Kendall TJ, Boulter L. Non-canonical Wnt signalling regulates scarring in biliary disease via the planar cell polarity receptors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:445. [PMID: 31974352 PMCID: PMC6978415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients diagnosed with chronic bile duct disease is increasing and in most cases these diseases result in chronic ductular scarring, necessitating liver transplantation. The formation of ductular scaring affects liver function; however, scar-generating portal fibroblasts also provide important instructive signals to promote the proliferation and differentiation of biliary epithelial cells. Therefore, understanding whether we can reduce scar formation while maintaining a pro-regenerative microenvironment will be essential in developing treatments for biliary disease. Here, we describe how regenerating biliary epithelial cells express Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity signalling components following bile duct injury and promote the formation of ductular scars by upregulating pro-fibrogenic cytokines and positively regulating collagen-deposition. Inhibiting the production of Wnt-ligands reduces the amount of scar formed around the bile duct, without reducing the development of the pro-regenerative microenvironment required for ductular regeneration, demonstrating that scarring and regeneration can be uncoupled in adult biliary disease and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E J Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R P Mellin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M L Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S H Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Tsokkou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N T Younger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Raven
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - S R Bhalla
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Centre for Cancer Science, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A T R Noll
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S W Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - F G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - D O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Centre for Cancer Science, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, Birmingham, UK
| | - J M Banales
- Biodonostia HRI, CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - C H Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D J Henderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - O J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - T J Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
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10
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Wilson ML. Critical factors in the recovery of pathogenic microorganisms in blood. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:174-179. [PMID: 31377231 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical factors for optimal recovery of microbial pathogens from blood are not only the basis for how we perform blood cultures on a daily basis, but are also important for development of all current blood-culture systems. Because much of this research was conducted and published between 1975 and 2010 there is a general sense that many physicians and scientists may not be familiar with it, but it is critical for performing and interpreting blood cultures. OBJECTIVES To review the critical factors in the laboratory recovery and isolation of pathogenic microorganisms in blood. SOURCES Literature review of published papers, select reviews and updated guidelines. CONTENT This review focuses on the critical factors that affect the recovery isolation of pathogenic microorganisms from individuals with bloodstream infections. Contemporary blood-culture systems, and current methods for blood-culture collection, have been designed to incorporate these critical factors so as to optimize recovery and isolation of pathogens while minimizing contamination. IMPLICATIONS It is important for microbiologists and practitioners to understand how and why these critical factors affect current blood-culture practices to improve patient management. Future research should emphasize which of these critical factors will still play a role in the era of molecular diagnostic tests, which will no longer be relevant, and which new critical factors have yet to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wilson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Services, Denver Health, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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11
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Schnietz R, Wilson ML. Grocott methenamine silver and periodic acid-Schiff positivity in cutaneous Mycobacterium avium complex infection. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:551-553. [PMID: 29665029 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schnietz
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Morgan L Wilson
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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12
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Lenczowski E, Wilson ML. Cutaneous meningeal heterotopia on the thigh. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:375-376. [PMID: 29405347 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lenczowski
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Morgan L Wilson
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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13
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Hile G, Wilson ML. Verrucous plaque on the leg. Cutis 2016; 98:294-319. [PMID: 28040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hile
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, USA
| | - Morgan L Wilson
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, USA
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Natavio MF, Diaz OV, Wilson ML, Segall-Gutierrez P, Stanczyk FZ, Mishell DR. Pharmacokinetics of the levonorgestrel-only emergency contraceptive regimen among normal-weight, obese and extremely obese users: a pilot study. Contraception 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blaise B, Buescher L, Wilson ML. Multiple mucocutaneous ulcers associated with cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions. Dermatol Online J 2016; 22:13030/qt9zw361qb. [PMID: 28329607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL) occur in a small subset of cocaine users, who clinically present with inflammation and necrosis of facial midline structures such as the palate, nasal septum, turbinates, and sinuses. We present a patient with CIMDL occurring concomitantly with ulcers on the cheek and upper trunk. Multiple biopsy specimens from the cutaneous and mucosal lesions consistently showed a dense dermal/submucosal infiltrate of neutrophils and plasma cells, without vasculitis or thrombosis. The ulcers resolved following cessation of cocaine use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Morgan L Wilson
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.
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Abstract
Our objective was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among female sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey of female sex workers was conducted using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Prevalent sexually transmitted infections including HIV were evaluated through standard laboratory testing. HIV infection was identified in 137 (46.4%) of 295 subjects tested. Increasing frequency of condom use was significantly negatively associated with HIV infection (odds ratio [OR] for moderate use = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.09, 0.50]; OR for high use = 0.14; 95% CI: [0.06, 0.34]). Sex workers aged ≥29 years reported significantly different patterns of behaviour than younger workers. Among women aged ≥29, a negative association with HIV infection (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.38]) was found, but only among those not infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Older women in the Johannesburg sex industry may have adaptive behavioural strategies besides condom usage which reduce their risk of acquiring HIV. However, older sex workers with gonorrhoea constitute a high-risk subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Dunkle
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nielson C, Schutte A, Wilson ML, Stone SP. Myxofibrosarcoma presenting as an exophytic, multi-lobed nodule on the leg. Dermatol Online J 2016; 22:13030/qt1jh2b98h. [PMID: 27617600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma may present as a dermal or subcutaneous nodule, often on the extremity of an elderly patient. We present a case of myxofibrosarcoma on the lower leg of a 77-year-old man, which illustrates the deeply infiltrative growth pattern of these tumors, as well as the potential for superficial biopsies to show lower grade histopathologic features than subsequent excision specimens.
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Blaise B, Buescher L, Wilson ML. Multiple mucocutaneous ulcers associated with cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions. Dermatol Online J 2016. [DOI: 10.5070/d3229032498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Nielson C, Schutte A, Wilson ML, Stone SP. Myxofibrosarcoma presenting as an exophytic, multi-lobed nodule on the leg. Dermatol Online J 2016. [DOI: 10.5070/d3226031317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biological agents are being increasingly used in the UK for paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) despite limited evidence and safety concerns. We evaluated effectiveness and safety in the clinical setting, highlighting drug cost pressures, using our national Scottish PIBD biological registry. METHODS Complete usage of the biological agents, infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) for treatment of PIBD (in those aged <18 years) from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2010 was collated from all treatments administered within the Scottish Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (PGHAN) national managed service network (all regional PGHAN centres and paediatric units within their associated district general hospitals). RESULTS 132 children had biological therapy; 24 required both agents; 114 had Crohn's disease (CD), 16 had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 2 had IBD Unclassified (IBDU). 127 children received IFX to induce remission; 61 entered remission, 49 had partial response and 17 had no response. 72 were given maintenance IFX and 23 required dose escalation. 18 had infusion reactions and 27 had adverse events (infections/other adverse events). 29 had ADA to induce remission (28 CD and 1 UC), 24 after IFX; 10 entered remission, 12 had partial response and 7 had no response. All had maintenance; 19 required dose escalation. 12 children overall required hospitalisation due to drug toxicity. No deaths occurred with either IFX or ADA. CONCLUSIONS Complete accrual of the Scottish nationwide 'real-life' experience demonstrates moderate effectiveness of anti tumour necrosis factor agents in severe PIBD but duration of effect is limited; significant financial issues (drug cost-need for dose escalation and/or multiple biological usage) and safety issues exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Cameron
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M L Wilson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Basheer
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - P McGrogan
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - W M Bisset
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - P M Gillett
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - D C Wilson
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
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Wilson ML. Reply to "Surgical margins for melanoma in situ: when 5-mm margins are really 9 mm". J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72:745. [PMID: 25773424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Wilson
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois.
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Welch A, Reid T, Knox J, Wilson ML. Excision of melanoma in situ on nonchronically sun-exposed skin using 5-mm surgical margins. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:834-5. [PMID: 25219710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor Reid
- Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois
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Smith JM, Reid JE, Wilson ML. Resident Rounds. Part III. Cutaneous Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare resembling sarcoidosis. J Drugs Dermatol 2013; 12:490-491. [PMID: 23652903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Smith
- Division of Dermatology, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, USA
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Davis JC, Wilson ML. The best diagnosis is: dermatitis herpetiformis. Cutis 2012; 90:221-231. [PMID: 23270187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Clay Davis
- Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62704, USA.
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Herzog CM, Dey S, Hablas A, Khaled HM, Seifeldin IA, Ramadan M, El-Hamzawy H, Wilson ML, Soliman AS. Geographic distribution of hematopoietic cancers in the Nile delta of Egypt. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2748-2755. [PMID: 22553197 PMCID: PMC3457749 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence indicated that incidence rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are high in Egypt although little is known about risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using data from the population-based cancer registry of Gharbiah governorate in Egypt, we assessed the 1999-2005 incidence of hematopoietic cancers (HCs) based on the ICD-O3 by age- and sex-specific urban-rural distribution. RESULTS NHL showed the highest incidence among all HCs (11.7 per 100 000). Urban incidence of HCs was higher than rural incidence. Incidence rates of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and NHL were high especially among urban males up to the 64-year age category. Rural incidence of HL and NHL was high below age 20. Among the districts of the governorate, we observed NHL incidence pattern similar to that observed for hepatocellular carcinoma because of the possible link to hepatitis C virus for both cancers. Comparison to the published HCs data from Algeria, Cyprus, and Jordan showed the highest NHL rate in Egypt than the other countries in the region. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should define the role of environmental exposures in hematopoietic carcinogenesis in this population. In-depth studies should also investigate the role of access to health care in the urban-rural variation of HC distribution in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Herzog
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - S Dey
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - A Hablas
- Gharbiah Cancer Registry and Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | - H M Khaled
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - I A Seifeldin
- Gharbiah Cancer Registry and Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M Ramadan
- Gharbiah Cancer Registry and Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | - H El-Hamzawy
- Gharbiah Cancer Registry and Tanta Cancer Center, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M L Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - A S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Malik S, Ahmed SF, Wilson ML, Shah N, Loganathan S, Naik S, Bourke B, Thomas A, Akobeng AK, Fagbemi A, Wilson DC, Russell RK. The effects of anti-TNF-α treatment with adalimumab on growth in children with Crohn's disease (CD). J Crohns Colitis 2012; 6:337-44. [PMID: 22405171 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adalimumab is used to treat children with Crohn's disease (CD), but the effects of adalimumab on growth in CD have not been studied. AIM To study growth and disease activity over 12 months (6 months prior to (T-6), baseline (T0) and for 6 months following (T+6) adalimumab). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Growth and treatment details of 36 children (M: 22) who started adalimumab at a median (10th, 90th) age of 14.7 years (11.3, 16.8) were reviewed. RESULTS Of 36 cases, 28 (78%) went into remission. Overall 42% of children showed catch up growth, which was more likely in: (i) those who achieved remission (median change in height SDS (ΔHtSDS) increased from -0.2 (-0.9, 1.0) at T0 to 0.2 (-0.6, 1.6) at T+6, (p=0.007)), (ii) in those who were on immunosuppression ΔHtSDS increased from -0.2 (-0.9, 1.0) at T0 to 0.1 (-0.8, 1.3) at T+6, (p=0.03) and (iii) in those whose indication for using adalimumab therapy was an allergic reaction to infliximab, median ΔHtSDS increased significantly from -0.3 (-0.9, 1.0) at T0 to 0.3 (-0.5, 1.6) at T+6, (p=0.02). Median ΔHtSDS also increased from -0.4 (-0.8, 0.7) at T0 to 0.0 (-0.6, 1.6) at T+6, (p=0.04) in 15 children who were on prednisolone therapy when starting adalimumab. CONCLUSION Clinical response to adalimumab therapy is associated with an improvement in linear growth in a proportion of children with CD. Improved growth is more likely in patients entering remission and on immunosuppression but is not solely due to a steroid sparing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malik
- Bone & Endocrine Research Group Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, UK
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Wilson ML. Letters to the editor: Lack of adequate evidence to recommend sentinel lymph node biopsy in thin melanoma. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:706-7. [PMID: 23738936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Russell RK, Wilson ML, Loganathan S, Bourke B, Kiparissi F, Mahdi G, Torrente F, Rodrigues A, Davies I, Thomas A, Akobeng AK, Fagbemi A, Hyer W, Spray C, Vaish S, Rogers P, McGrogan P, Heuschkel RB, Ayub N, Fell JM, Afzal NA, Green M, Murphy MS, Rao P, Shah N, Ho GT, Naik S, Wilson DC. A British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition survey of the effectiveness and safety of adalimumab in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33:946-53. [PMID: 21342211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adalimumab is efficacious therapy for adults with Crohn's disease (CD). AIM To summarise the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland paediatric adalimumab experience. METHODS British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (BSPGHAN) members with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients <18 years old commencing adalimumab with at least 4 weeks follow-up. Patient demographics and details of treatment were then collected. Response and remission was assessed using the Paediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI)/Physicians Global Assessment (PGA). RESULTS Seventy-two patients [70 CD, 1 ulcerative colitis (UC), 1 IBD unclassified (IBDU)] from 19 paediatric-centres received adalimumab at a median age of 14.8 (IQR 3.1, range 6.1-17.8) years; 66/70 CD (94%) had previously received infliximab. A dose of 80 mg then 40 mg was used for induction in 41(59%) and 40 mg fortnightly for maintenance in 61 (90%). Remission rates were 24%, 58% and 41% at 1, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Overall 43 (61%) went into remission at some point, with 24 (35%) requiring escalation of therapy. Remission rates were higher in those on concomitant immunosuppression cf. those not on immunosuppression [34/46 (74%) vs. 9/24 (37%), respectively, (χ(2) 8.8, P=0.003)]. There were 15 adverse events (21%) including four (6%) serious adverse events with two sepsis related deaths in patients who were also on immunosuppression and home parenteral nutrition (3% mortality rate). CONCLUSIONS Adalimumab is useful in treatment of refractory paediatric patients with a remission rate of 61%. This treatment benefit should be balanced against side effects, including in this study a 3% mortality rate.
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Wilson ML, Elston DM, Tyler WB, Marks VJ, Ferringer T. Dense lymphocytic infiltrates associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Dermatol Online J 2010; 16:4. [PMID: 20233561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common hematologic malignancy associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas in these patients may have an associated dense peritumoral leukemic infiltrate. This infiltrate can lead to the diagnosis of CLL and may also obscure tumor margins and pose a challenge in the assessment of perineural tumor spread. Immunohistochemical stains are useful in distinguishing leukemic B-cell infiltrates from tumor-reactive T-cell infiltrates. Leukemic cells of CLL are CD20+/CD23+/CD5+/CD43+/CD3-, whereas benign reactive infiltrates are composed of CD20-/CD23-/CD5+/CD43+/CD3+ T-cells. Given the paucity of symptoms in early stages of CLL, a dense lymphoid infiltrate surrounding a cutaneous neoplasm may serve as the first indication of CLL. We report a series of three cases of SCC with a coexisting infiltrate of CLL, including one with perineural involvement, one involving metastatic SCC, and one in which this histologic finding spurred the initial diagnosis of CLL.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD20/analysis
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD5 Antigens/analysis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemic Infiltration/diagnosis
- Leukemic Infiltration/immunology
- Leukemic Infiltration/pathology
- Leukosialin/analysis
- Male
- Receptors, IgE/analysis
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Wilson
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Wilson ML, Elston DM, Tyler WB, Marks VJ, Ferringer T. Dense lymphocytic infiltrates associated with non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Dermatol Online J 2010. [DOI: 10.5070/d333j4h764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Dey S, Hablas A, Seifeldin IA, Ismail K, Ramadan M, El-Hamzawy H, Wilson ML, Banerjee M, Boffetta P, Harford J, Merajver SD, Soliman AS. Urban-rural differences of gynaecological malignancies in Egypt (1999-2002). BJOG 2009; 117:348-55. [PMID: 20015310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In previous studies, we have shown a three to four times higher urban incidence of breast cancer and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in the Gharbiah Province of Egypt. We investigated the urban-rural incidence differences of gynaecologic malignancies (uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers) to explore if they show the same trend that we found for breast cancer. DESIGN Cancer registry-based incidence comparison. SETTING Gharbiah population-based cancer registry (GPCR), Tanta, Egypt. SAMPLE All patients with uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer in GPCR from 1999 to 2002. METHODS We calculated uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer incidence from 1999 to 2002. For each of the three cancers, we calculated the overall and age-specific rates for the province as a whole, and by urban-rural status, as well as for the eight districts of the province. RESULTS Incidence of all three cancer sites was higher in urban than in rural areas. Uterine cancer showed the highest urban-rural incidence rate ratio (IRR = 6.07, 95% CI = 4.17, 8.85). Uterine cancer also showed the highest urban incidence in the oldest age group (70+ age category, IRR = 14.39, 95% CI = 4.24, 48.87) and in developed districts (Tanta, IRR = 4.14, 95% CI = 0.41, 42.04). Incidence rates by groups of cancer sites showed an increasing gradient of urban incidence for cancers related to hormonal aetiology, mainly of the breast and uterus (IRR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.86, 8.61). CONCLUSIONS The higher urban incidence of uterine cancer, coupled with our previous findings of higher incidence of breast cancer and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer in urban areas in this region, may be suggestive of possible higher exposure to environmental estrogenic compounds, such as xenoestrogens, in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dey
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is gaining increasing attention as a global health crisis. Egypt reports the highest prevalence of HCV worldwide, ranging from 6% to more than 40% among regions and demographic groups. Predicting the impact of the epidemic has been difficult because of the long-latency period and low-resource setting. Accordingly, we sought to estimate historic incidence and predict the future impact of HCV using Markov simulation modelling techniques. Age-specific HCV incidence rates (IRs) were estimated using previously acquired age-specific HCV prevalence data. Data for this analysis were from a highly detailed, community-based seroprevalence study from 2003. Future HCV-related morbidity and mortality were estimated using a computer cohort simulation of HCV natural history in the Egyptian population. Population and natural history parameters were defined using results from a meta-analysis and existing comprehensive literature reviews. Incidence model estimates ranged from 2.01 to 25.47 HCV cases per 1000 person-years (PYs). The highest IRs were calculated among those over 35 years of age. Our Markov model predicted 127,821 deaths from chronic liver disease and 117,556 deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt over the next 20 years. During this period, it was estimated that HCV would yield 750,210 PY of decompensated cirrhosis, 132,894 PY of hepatocellular carcinoma, and a total loss of 32.86 million years of life compared to a non-infected cohort. Our results support the claim of high HCV incidence in Egypt and suggest that HCV may lead to a substantial health and, consequently, economic burden over the next 10-20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lehman
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Wilson ML, Elston DM, Mowad CM. The comparative substantivity of three marking pens used in patch testing. Dermatitis 2008; 19:343-344. [PMID: 19134441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Malerich PG, Wilson ML, Mowad CM. The effect of a transition to powder-free latex gloves on workers' compensation claims for latex-related illness. Dermatitis 2008; 19:316-318. [PMID: 19134434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse reactions to natural rubber latex gloves are an important cause of workers' compensation claims among health care personnel. In an effort to reduce latex-related illness, our institution transitioned to powder-free latex gloves in 2001. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of this transition on the number of workers' compensation claims for latex-related illness. METHODS A review of claims data from 1997 to 2005 was conducted. RESULTS The incidence of claims for latex-related illness was significantly lower following the switch to powder-free gloves. CONCLUSIONS The switch to powder-free latex gloves was associated with a significant decrease in workers' compensation claims for latex-related illness. The cost of gloves increased but was partially offset by a decrease in workers' compensation payments and operating room expenses.
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Malerich PG, Wilson ML, Mowad CM. The Effect of a Transition to Powder-Free Latex Gloves on Workers' Compensation Claims for Latex-Related Illness. Dermatitis 2008. [DOI: 10.2310/6620.2008.08032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wilson ML, Elston DM, Mowad CM. The Comparative Substantivity of Three Marking Pens Used in Patch Testing. Dermatitis 2008. [DOI: 10.2310/6620.2008.08030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Williams JM, Lonsdorf EV, Wilson ML, Schumacher-Stankey J, Goodall J, Pusey AE. Causes of death in the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Am J Primatol 2008; 70:766-77. [PMID: 18506732 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the rates and causes of mortality in wild chimpanzee populations has important implications for a variety of fields, including wildlife conservation and human evolution. Because chimpanzees are long-lived, accurate mortality data requires very long-term studies. Here, we analyze 47 years of data on the Kasekela community in Gombe National Park. Community size fluctuated between 38 and 60, containing 60 individuals in 2006. From records on 220 chimpanzees and 130 deaths, we found that the most important cause of mortality in the Kasekela community was illness (58% of deaths with known cause), followed by intraspecific aggression (20% of deaths with known cause). Previous studies at other sites also found that illness was the primary cause of mortality and that some epidemic disease could be traced to humans. As at other study sites, most deaths due to illness occurred during epidemics, and the most common category of disease was respiratory. Intraspecific lethal aggression occurred within the community, including the killing of infants by both males and females, and among adult males during the course of dominance-related aggression. Aggression between communities resulted in the deaths of at least five adult males and two adult females in the Kasekela and Kahama communities. The frequency of intercommunity violence appears to vary considerably among sites and over time. Intercommunity lethal aggression involving the Kasekela community was observed most frequently during two periods. Other less common causes of death included injury, loss of mother, maternal disability, and poaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Williams
- The Jane Goodall Institute's Center for Primate Studies, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
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Wilson ML, Sewell LD, Mowad CM. Primary cutaneous Cryptococcosis during therapy with methotrexate and adalimumab. J Drugs Dermatol 2008; 7:53-54. [PMID: 18246698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous infection with Cryptococcus neoformans is uncommon, but can occur following an inoculation injury to the skin. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is important in the immune response to Cryptococcus, and patients taking inhibitors of TNF-alpha may have increased susceptibility to cryptococcal infection. We report a case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in a patient taking adalimumab, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Wilson
- Geisinger Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
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Choi KM, Christakos G, Wilson ML. El Niño effects on influenza mortality risks in the state of California. Public Health 2006; 120:505-16. [PMID: 16697021 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent El Niño events have emphasized the need to develop modelling techniques to assess climate-related health events. Experts agree that climate changes affect the spread of infectious diseases and that the geographic range of infectious diseases may expand as a result of these changes. Nevertheless, the world health modelling community cannot yet predict, with reasonable accuracy, when or where exactly these effects will occur or how large the threat of these diseases will be to particular populations. This study compared the spatiotemporal patterns of influenza mortality risk in the state of California during El Niño vs normal weather periods. By applying a stochastic methodology to county-specific mortality data, various sources of uncertainty were accounted for, and informative influenza mortality maps and profiles were generated. This methodology enabled the detection of significant effects of climate change on the influenza risk distributions. Geographical maps of risk variation during El Niño differed from those during normal weather, the corresponding covariances exhibited distinct space-time dependence features, and the temporal mean mortality profiles were considerably higher during normal weather than during El Niño. These rather unexpected results of spatiotemporal analysis are worth further investigation that seeks substantive and biologically plausible explanations. The findings of this study can offer a methodological framework to evaluate public health management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-M Choi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Health Science Center, University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.
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Mwanda WO, Orem J, Remick SC, Rochford R, Whalen C, Wilson ML. Clinical characteristics of Burkitt's lymphoma from three regions in Kenya. East Afr Med J 2006; 82:S135-43. [PMID: 16619689 DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v82i9.9385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) from three regions in Kenya at different altitudes with a view towards understanding the contribution of local environmental factors. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Kenyatta National Hospital and seven provincial hospitals in Kenya. METHOD Histologically proven cases of Burkitt's lymphoma in patients less than 16 years of age were clinically examined and investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES For every case the following parameters were documented: chief complaint(s); physical examination, specifically pallor, jaundice, oedema, lymphadenopathy, presence of masses, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Reports of evaluation of chest radiograph, abdominal ultrasound/scan, bone marrow aspiration, cerebral spinal fluid cytology, liver and kidney function tests, urinalysis, stool occult blood and full blood count results. Stage of disease was assigned A, B, C or D. Cases of BL from three provinces of Kenya with diverse geographical features were analysed: Central, Coast, and Western. RESULTS This study documented 471 BL cases distributed as follows: Central 61 (males 39 and 22 females), M:F ratio 1.8:1; Coast 169 (111 males and 58 females), M:F ratio 1.9:1; and Western 241 (140 males and 101 females), M:F ratio 1.4:1. The major presenting complaints were: abdominal swelling--Central 36%, Coast 4% and Western 26%; swelling on the face--Central 31%, Coast 81% and Western 64%; and proptosis--Central 3%, Coast 1% and Western 9%. The mean duration of these complaints in weeks were Central 6.9, Coast 6.08, and Western 5.05. The initial physical finding was a tumour mass in 39%, 72% and 54% of cases for Central, Coast and Western respectively. Tumour stage at diagnosis was: stage A--Central 21%, Coast 43% and Western 34%; stage B--Central 10%, Coast 5% and Western 10%; stage C--Central 41%, Coast 34% and Western 30%; and stage D--Central 28%, Coast 17% and Western 26%. For the age and sex matched cases the results show that commonly involved sites were: abdomen--Central 35%, Coast 9% and Western 14%; jaw (mandible)--Central 24%, Coast 22% and Western 31%; maxilla--Central 6%, Coast 24% and Western 11%; and lymph nodes--Central 10%, Coast 4% and Western 8%. The disease stage was A--Central 33%, Coast 44% and Western 36%; stage B--Central 11%, Coast 10% and Western 27%; stage C--Central 39%, Coast 34% and Western 27%; and stage D--Central 21%, Coast 13% and Western 37%. CONCLUSION This study shows that clinical features of childhood BL vary with geographical region. The variations are documented in proportion of jaw, maxilla, abdominal and lymph nodal sites involvement. The differences observed are potentially due to the local environmental factors within these provinces. BL cases from Western province had features, intermediate between endemic and sporadic. Coastal province BL cases were similar to endemic BL, while BL cases from Central province resembled more or less sporadic BL subtypes. Strategies to explain and investigate the local environmental factors associated with the observed differences may certainly contribute towards improved understanding and clinical management of BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- W O Mwanda
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Kenyatta National Hospital and the University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, Kenya
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Abstract
The proven impact of avermectins against a wide variety of arthropod vectors suggests that this new family of compounds holds promise in reducing the incidence of vector-borne disease. Experimentally, decreased survival and abundance of various vector species indicate that certain vector populations may be so manipulated. In addition, sublethal effects on individuals include lengthened development, decreased fecundity and diminished parasite uptake. Enthusiasm must be cautious, given possible impacts on non-target species and the eventual development of resistance. Here Mark Wilson emphasizes that the present challenge is to study how this new toxin may be integrated into vector-management schemes that already employ multiple, diverse interventions. Ultimately, the value of such action must be measured not simply in terms of reduced vector abundance, but also with the more complex equation of reduced parasite transmission in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wilson
- Yale Arbovirus Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Mwanda OW, Rochford R, Moormann AM, Macneil A, Whalen C, Wilson ML. Burkitt's lymphoma in Kenya: geographical, age, gender and ethnic distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005:S68-77. [PMID: 15622605 DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v81i8.9210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To show the geographical (Provincial), age, gender and ethnic distribution of Burkitt's lymphoma in patients in Kenya. DESIGN A retrospective review of patients' records for the years 1988-1992 and a prospective evaluation of patients with BL between 1993 and 1997. These were descriptive and hospitals based studies. SETTING Kenyatta National Hospital; Kenya's main referral and teaching hospital and seven provincial hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES For each tissue proven Burkitt's lymphoma case the following were required; province of birth and residence, tribe, age, sex, chief complains, physical examination findings, investigation results and tissues result confirming the diagnosis of BL. STATISTICAL METHOD Mainly proportions were used to compare variables, however Pearson's liner correlation was used to assess the time trends. RESULTS This study registered 1005 patients; 961 (95.6%) children and 44 (4.4%) adults. 0-14 years the age standardized incidence rate (ASR) of 0.83. Variations documented in the provinces' BL ASR range; 1.8 Coast to 0.23 Rift Valley and increasing yearly trend for both children and adults. The major tribes in Kenya consisted; Luo 29.5%. Luhya (24.1%) and Coastal (16.5%). No patient of Asian or European or Arab extraction was recorded in the study. The age distribution showed no case below two years, a rapid rise from three year 3 (5.6%), and peak at 6 (19.5%) for children and at 17 years (13.6%) years for the adult. Age group 5-9 years had the highest ASR. The male to female (M:F) ratios were; 1.5:1 and 1:1 in children and adults respectively, provincial ratios range; 2.6:1 in Nairobi to 1.2:1 in Nyanza, the tribes range; 3.5:1 in Somali to 1:1 in other tribes between 2 and 14 years old when also males were more than females. Peak time of presentation of symptoms was 4 weeks. Tumour sites were in children; jaw 51.6%, abdomen (25%), combined jaw and abdomen 13.8% and others 9.6% and adults; jaw (4.5%), abdomen (43.2%), combined jaw and abdomen (25%) and other sites (27.3%) 67.6% males and 42.4% female adults had HIV infection and disseminated BL disease. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that Burkitt's lymphoma is a childhood disease. The disease distribution is consistent with intermediate risk Burkitt's lymphoma level. Furthermore the distribution varied by province, tribe, age and gender. The variations could be due to environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O W Mwanda
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya, USA
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Mwanda OW, Rochford R, Rainey J, Wilson ML. Challenges in the epidemiological and clinical aspects of Burkitt's lymphoma in Kenya: linking evidence and experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005:S111-6. [PMID: 15622609 DOI: 10.4314/eamj.v81i8.9215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a series of 1005 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma studied for epidemiological and clinical characteristics, some features remain less obvious contrary to what is commonly held about this disease. OBJECTIVES To use the case series to document the challenges in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in Kenya. DESIGN Cross sectional study involving clinical review of case series. SETTING Kenyatta National Hospital and the seven provincial hospitals in Kenya during the period between 1986 and 1996. DATA SOURCES Systematic review of the epidemiological and clinical features of the 1005 cases enrolled in the case study and review of reference lists of retrieved articles to identify original research dealing with the epidemiological and clinical features of Burkitt's lymphoma. DATA EXTRACTION The investigators and research assistants screened both the case series and published information and data to yield relevant information. CONCLUSION The majority of Burkitt's lymphoma cases between the age group three and nine years of age coincide with the established epidemiological and clinical characteristics. The adult BL cases and some childhood cases however do not conform entirely to the established characteristics. Therefore, making the diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma require that; geographical, demographical, clinical features as well as any underlying infections for instance, Human Immunodeficiency Virus be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- O W Mwanda
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya
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Procop GW, Haddad S, Quinn J, Wilson ML, Henshaw NG, Reller LB, Artymyshyn RL, Katanik MT, Weinstein MP. Detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci in respiratory specimens by four staining methods. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:3333-5. [PMID: 15243109 PMCID: PMC446244 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.7.3333-3335.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined four staining methods on replicate smears of 313 respiratory specimens submitted for Pneumocystis jiroveci examination. The sensitivity and specificity of Calcofluor white stain (CW) were 73.8 and 99.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver stain (GMS) were 79.4 and 99.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Diff-Quik stain were 49.2 and 99.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Merifluor Pneumocystis stain were 90.8 and 81.9%, respectively. Only CW and GMS had positive and negative predictive values of >90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Procop
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Salomón OD, Wilson ML, Munstermann LE, Travi BL. Spatial and temporal patterns of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in northern Argentina. J Med Entomol 2004; 41:33-39. [PMID: 14989343 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-41.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were captured in an area of Argentina endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). A total of 44,944 flies were collected during a 130-wk interepidemic period from 1990 through 1993. These sand flies included Lutzomyia neivai (Pinto) (97.8%), Lutzomyia migonei (Franca) (1.2%), Lutzomyia cortelezzii (Brèthes) (0.8%), Lutzomyia shannoni (Dyar) (0.1%), and Lutzomyia punctigeniculata (Floch and Abonnenc) (0.1%). Lutzomyia neivai was more abundant in secondary forests and peridomestic environments associated with human cases than in primary forest or xeric thorn scrub areas. Time series analyses of species densities suggested a bimodal or trimodal annual pattern related to rainfall peaks, a 5-wk reproductive cycle, and peridomestic local populations that were located adjacent to secondary forests. In general, sand fly abundance was correlated with the rainfall of the previous year. Lutzomyia neivai spatial distributions were consistent with ACL incidence patterns during the study and in the recent outbreaks in Argentina. However, Lu. migonei also may be involved in peridomestic transmission. Our results suggest that there is a need for improved, long-term surveillance of sand flies and ACL cases, as well as development of effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Salomón
- Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias, ANLIS Drive. Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Av. paseo Colon 568, 1063, Argentina.
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Bretsky PM, Wilson ML. Risk factors for human exposure to raccoon rabies during an epizootic in Connecticut. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2003; 1:211-7. [PMID: 12653149 DOI: 10.1089/153036601753552576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of rabies among terrestrial wildlife poses increasing but poorly defined risks to people. In particular, events leading to human exposure to rabies virus via mammalian reservoirs remain elusive. Thus, we determined those risk factors associated with human exposure to rabies-positive animals during a raccoon rabies epizootic in Connecticut. Existing passive surveillance data on animal rabies tests in Connecticut from 1991 through 1994 were evaluated for demographic, ecological, and behavioral characteristics of human exposure. Of 2,525 rabies-positive terrestrial animals identified, human contact was reported on 556 occasions (22%) and involved at least 939 individuals. The annual incidence of exposure rose from none during 1985-1990 to 66 in 1991 and then averaged 291 during 1992-1994. Exposure was most often indirect in nature, involved a rabies-positive raccoon, was mediated through a domestic animal, and occurred most frequently either near or inside the home. These results suggest that human exposure to rabid animals represents a significant, reemerging public health concern in the United States. Analysis of the epizootiology of rabies infection and of individual exposure risks could reduce inappropriate administration of rabies postexposure prophylaxis, as well as inform other proposed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Bretsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lucey BT, Russell CA, Smith D, Wilson ML, Long A, Waller LA, Childs JE, Real LA. Spatiotemporal analysis of epizootic raccoon rabies propagation in Connecticut, 1991-1995. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2003; 2:77-86. [PMID: 12653301 DOI: 10.1089/153036602321131878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of pathogen transmission within its specific spatial context should improve our ability to predict and control the epizootic spread of that disease. We compared two methods for calibrating the effect of local, spatially distributed environmental heterogeneities on disease spread. Using the time-of-first-appearance of raccoon rabies across the 169 townships in Connecticut, we estimated local spatial variation in township-to-township transmission rate using Trend Surface Analysis (TSA) and then compared these estimates with those based on an earlier probabilistic simulation using the same data. Both the probabilistic simulation and the TSA reveal significant reduction in transmission when local spatial domains are separated by rivers. The probabilistic simulation suggested that township-to-township transmission was reduced sevenfold for townships separated by a river. The global effect of this sevenfold reduction is to increase the time-to-first-appearance in the eastern townships of Connecticut by approximately 29.7% (spread was from west to east). TSA revealed a similar effect of rivers with an overall reduction in rate of local propagation due to rivers of approximately 22%. The 7.7% difference in these two estimates reveals slightly different aspects of the spatial dynamics of this epizootic. Together, these two methods can be used to construct an overall picture of the combined effects of local spatial variation in township-to-township transmission on patterns of local rate of propagation at scales larger than the immediate nearest neighboring townships.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Lucey
- Department of Biology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30345, USA
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Abstract
Paediatric obesity is now common in the UK, as in other developed countries. A literature search was conducted and evidence based answers to five frequently answered questions sought. Recommendations for diagnosis are given. Although there is no conclusive evidence that the condition is preventable, a number of treatment approaches are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Reilly
- University of Glasgow Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow G3 8SJ, Scotland, UK
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Westmoreland SV, Alvarez X, deBakker C, Aye P, Wilson ML, Williams KC, Lackner AA. Developmental expression patterns of CCR5 and CXCR4 in the rhesus macaque brain. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 122:146-58. [PMID: 11777554 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that chemokine receptors on neurons and glia in the central nervous system (CNS) play a role in normal CNS development, intercellular communication, and the neuropathogenesis of AIDS. To further understand chemokine receptors in the brain and explore their potential role in HIV neuropathogenesis, particularly in pediatrics, we examined the regional and cellular distribution of CCR5 and CXCR4 in normal fetal, neonatal, and adult rhesus macaques. CCR5 and CXCR4 were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence within the cytoplasm of subpopulations of neurons in the neocortex, hippocampus, basal nuclei, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum and by flow cytometry on the surface of neurons and glia. Interestingly, expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 increased significantly (p<0.05) from birth to 9 months of age. We further characterize this dynamic developmental pattern of CCR5 and CXCR4 expression in resident cells of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Westmoreland
- Division of Comparative Pathology, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA.
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