1
|
Ghufran H, Azam M, Mehmood A, Umair M, Baig MT, Tasneem S, Butt H, Riazuddin S. Adipose Tissue and Umbilical Cord Tissue: Potential Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Liver Fibrosis Treatment. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101364. [PMID: 38449506 PMCID: PMC10912848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2024.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential alternatives for liver fibrosis treatment; however, their optimal sources remain uncertain. This study compares the ex-vivo expansion characteristics of MSCs obtained from adipose tissue (AT) and umbilical cord (UC) and assesses their therapeutic potential for liver fibrosis treatment. Methods Since MSCs from early to mid-passage numbers (P2-P6) are preferable for cellular therapy, we investigated the growth kinetics of AT-MSCs and UC-MSCs up to P6 and evaluated their therapeutic effects in a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by diethylnitrosamine. Results Results from the expansion studies demonstrated that both cell types exhibited bona fide characteristics of MSCs, including surface antigens, pluripotent gene expression, and differentiation potential. However, AT-MSCs demonstrated a shorter doubling time (58.2 ± 7.3 vs. 82.3 ± 4.3 h; P < 0.01) and a higher population doubling level (10.1 ± 0.7 vs. 8.2 ± 0.3; P < 0.01) compared to UC-MSCs, resulting in more cellular yield (230 ± 9.0 vs. 175 ± 13.2 million) in less time. Animal studies demonstrated that both MSC types significantly reduced liver fibrosis (P < 0.05 vs. the control group) while also improving liver function and downregulating fibrosis-associated gene expression. Conclusion AT-MSCs and UC-MSCs effectively reduce liver fibrosis. However, adipose cultures display an advantage by yielding a higher number of MSCs in a shorter duration, rendering them a viable choice for scenarios requiring immediate single-dose administration, often encountered in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ghufran
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Azam
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Azra Mehmood
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria T. Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Tasneem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hira Butt
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Centre, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferrari AJ, Santomauro DF, Aali A, Abate YH, Abbafati C, Abbastabar H, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdollahi A, Abdullahi A, Abegaz KH, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abreu LG, Abualruz H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Ackerman IN, Addo IY, Addolorato G, Adebiyi AO, Adepoju AV, Adewuyi HO, Afyouni S, Afzal S, Afzal S, Agodi A, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad S, Ahmed A, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ajami M, Akinosoglou K, Akkaif MA, Al Hasan SM, Alalalmeh SO, Al-Aly Z, Albashtawy M, Aldridge RW, Alemu MD, Alemu YM, Alene KA, Al-Gheethi AAS, Alharrasi M, Alhassan RK, Ali MU, Ali R, Ali SSS, Alif SM, Aljunid SM, Al-Marwani S, Almazan JU, Alomari MA, Al-Omari B, Altaany Z, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Alwafi H, Al-Wardat MS, Al-Worafi YM, Aly S, Alzoubi KH, Amare AT, Amegbor PM, Ameyaw EK, Amin TT, Amindarolzarbi A, Amiri S, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson DB, Andrade PP, Andrei CL, Ansari H, Antony CM, Anwar S, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Anyanwu PE, Arab JP, Arabloo J, Arafat M, Araki DT, Aravkin AY, Arkew M, Armocida B, Arndt MB, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Aruleba RT, Arumugam A, Ashbaugh C, Ashemo MY, Ashraf M, Asika MO, Askari E, Astell-Burt T, Athari SS, Atorkey P, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avan A, Awotidebe AW, Awuviry-Newton K, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Azadnajafabad S, Azevedo RMS, Babu AS, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghdadi S, Bagheri N, Bah S, Bai R, Baker JL, Bakkannavar SM, Bako AT, Balakrishnan S, Bam K, Banik PC, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Bardideh E, Barker-Collo SL, Barqawi HJ, Barrow A, Barteit S, Barua L, Bashiri Aliabadi S, Basiru A, Basu S, Basu S, Bathini PP, Batra K, Baune BT, Bayileyegn NS, Behnam B, Behnoush AH, Beiranvand M, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Bell ML, Bello OO, Beloukas A, Bensenor IM, Berezvai Z, Bernabe E, Bernstein RS, Bettencourt PJG, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhargava A, Bhaskar S, Bhat V, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Bishai JD, Bisignano C, Bitra VR, Bjørge T, Bodolica V, Bodunrin AO, Bogale EK, Bonakdar Hashemi M, Bonny A, Bora Basara B, Borhany H, Boxe C, Brady OJ, Bragazzi NL, Braithwaite D, Brant LC, Brauer M, Breitner S, Brenner H, Brown J, Brugha T, Bulamu NB, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Burns RA, Busse R, Bustanji Y, Butt ZA, Byun J, Caetano dos Santos FL, Calina D, Cámera LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao C, Capodici A, Carr S, Carreras G, Carugno A, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catapano AL, Cattaruzza MS, Caye A, Cegolon L, Cembranel F, Cenderadewi M, Cerin E, Chakraborty PA, Chan JSK, Chan RNC, Chandika RM, Chandrasekar EK, Charalampous P, Chattu VK, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Chen AW, Chen AT, Chen CS, Chen H, Chen NM, Cheng ETW, Chimed-Ochir O, Chimoriya R, Ching PR, Cho WCS, Choi S, Chong B, Chong YY, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury R, Christensen SWM, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Chung E, Chutiyami M, Claassens MM, Cogen RM, Columbus A, Conde J, Cortesi PA, Cousin E, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai S, Dai X, Dai Z, Dalaba MA, Damiani G, Das JK, Das S, Dashti M, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davletov K, De Leo D, Debele AT, Debopadhaya S, DeCleene NK, Deeba F, Degenhardt L, Del Bo' C, Delgado-Enciso I, Demetriades AK, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dervenis N, Desai HD, Desai R, Deuba K, Dhama K, Dharmaratne SD, Dhingra S, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Diaz LA, Diaz MJ, Dima A, Ding DD, Dirac MA, Do THP, do Prado CB, Dohare S, Dominguez RMV, Dong W, Dongarwar D, D'Oria M, Dorsey ER, Doshmangir L, Dowou RK, Driscoll TR, Dsouza HL, Dsouza V, Dube J, Dumith SC, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Duraisamy S, Durojaiye OC, Dzianach PA, Dziedzic AM, Eboreime E, Ebrahimi A, Edinur HA, Edvardsson D, Eikemo TA, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elemam NM, ElGohary GMT, Elhadi M, Elmeligy OAA, ELNahas G, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Engelbert Bain L, Erkhembayar R, Eshrati B, Estep K, Fabin N, Fagbamigbe AF, Falzone L, Fareed M, Farinha CSES, Faris MEM, Faro A, Farrokhi P, Fatehizadeh A, Fauk NK, Feigin VL, Feng X, Fereshtehnejad SM, Feroze AH, Ferreira N, Ferreira PH, Fischer F, Flavel J, Flood D, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Force LM, Fortuna D, Foschi M, Franklin RC, Freitas A, Fukumoto T, Furtado JM, Gaal PA, Gadanya MA, Gaidhane AM, Gaihre S, Galali Y, Ganbat M, Gandhi AP, Ganesan B, Ganie MA, Ganiyani MA, Gardner WM, Gebi TG, Gebregergis MW, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremariam TBB, Gebremeskel TG, Gela YY, Georgescu SR, Getachew Obsa A, Gething PW, Getie M, Ghadiri K, Ghadirian F, Ghailan KY, Ghajar A, Ghasemi M, Ghasempour Dabaghi G, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghazy RM, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghorbani M, Ghotbi E, Gibson RM, Gill TK, Ginindza TG, Girmay A, Glasbey JC, Göbölös L, Godinho MA, Goharinezhad S, Goldust M, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gona PN, Gorini G, Goulart AC, Grada A, Grivna M, Guan SY, Guarducci G, Gubari MIM, Gudeta MD, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Gulati S, Gulisashvili D, Gunawardane DA, Guo C, Gupta AK, Gupta B, Gupta I, Gupta M, Gupta R, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Haddadi R, Hadi NR, Haep N, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Hagins H, Halboub ES, Halimi A, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamilton EB, Hankey GJ, Hannan MA, Haque MN, Harapan H, Haro JM, Hartvigsen J, Hasaballah AI, Hasan I, Hasanian M, Hasnain MS, Hassan A, Haubold J, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Hebert JJ, Hegazi OE, Heidari G, Helfer B, Hemmati M, Hendrie D, Henson CA, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Hoan NQ, Holla R, Hon J, Hossain MM, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hsu JM, Huang J, Hugo FN, Hushmandi K, Hussain J, Hussein NR, Huynh CK, Huynh HH, Hwang BF, Iannucci VC, Ihler AL, Ikiroma AI, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Imam MT, Immurana M, Irham LM, Islam MR, Islam SMS, Islami F, Ismail F, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Iyer M, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jaggi K, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jain A, Jain N, Jairoun AA, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jatau AI, Javadov S, Javaheri T, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jee SH, Jeganathan J, Jeyakumar A, Jha AK, Jiang H, Jin Y, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, K V, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kaliyadan F, Kalra S, Kamenov K, Kamyari N, Kanagasabai T, Kandel H, Kanmanthareddy AR, Kanmodi KK, Kantar RS, Karaye IM, Karim A, Karimi SE, Karimi Y, Kasraei H, Kassel MB, Kauppila JH, Kawakami N, Kayode GA, Kazemi F, Kazemian S, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keller C, Kempen JH, Kerr JA, Keshtkar K, Kesse-Guyot E, Keykhaei M, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khalid A, Khalid N, Khalilian A, Khamesipour F, Khan A, Khan I, Khan M, Khan MAB, Khanmohammadi S, Khatab K, Khatami F, Khatatbeh MM, Khater AM, Khayat Kashani HR, Khidri FF, Khodadoust E, Khormali M, Khorrami Z, Kifle ZD, Kim MS, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Knudsen AKS, Kocarnik JM, Kochhar S, Koh HY, Kolahi AA, Kompani F, Koren G, Korzh O, Kosen S, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Krishan K, Krishna V, Krishnamoorthy V, Kuate Defo B, Kuddus MA, Kuddus M, Kuitunen I, Kulkarni V, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kumar R, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Ladan MA, Laflamme L, Lafranconi A, Lahariya C, Lai DTC, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lan Q, Lan T, Landires I, Lanfranchi F, Langguth B, Laplante-Lévesque A, Larijani B, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Le HH, Le LKD, Le NHH, Le TDT, Leasher JL, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, LeGrand KE, Lenzi J, Leong E, Leung J, Li MC, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Lim LL, Lim SS, Lindstrom M, Linn S, Liu G, Liu R, Liu S, Liu W, Liu X, Liu X, Llanaj E, Lo CH, López-Bueno R, Loreche AM, Lorenzovici L, Lozano R, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lunevicius R, Lusk JB, lv H, Ma ZF, Machairas N, Madureira-Carvalho ÁM, Magaña Gómez JA, Maghazachi AA, Maharjan P, Mahasha PW, Maheri M, Mahjoub S, Mahmoud MA, Mahmoudi E, Majeed A, Makris KC, Malakan Rad E, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Malta DC, Manla Y, Mansour A, Mansouri P, Mansournia MA, Mantilla Herrera AM, Mantovani LG, Manu E, Marateb HR, Mardi P, Martinez G, Martinez-Piedra R, Martini D, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, Marx W, Maryam S, Marzo RR, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathieson S, Mathioudakis AG, Mattumpuram J, Maugeri A, Mayeli M, Mazidi M, Mazzotti A, McGrath JJ, McKee M, McKowen ALW, McPhail MA, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mekene Meto T, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mensah GA, Mentis AFA, Meo SA, Meresa HA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AM, Mestrovic T, Mettananda KCD, Mettananda S, Michalek IM, Miller PA, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Minh LHN, Mirijello A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirutse MK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei R, Misganaw A, Mishra AK, Mitchell PB, Mittal C, Moazen B, Moberg ME, Mohamed J, Mohamed MFH, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi S, Mohammed H, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mohr RM, Mokdad AH, Molinaro S, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreira RS, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mossialos E, Motappa R, Mougin V, Mouodi S, Mrejen M, Msherghi A, Mubarik S, Mueller UO, Mulita F, Munjal K, Murillo-Zamora E, Murlimanju BV, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Muzaffar M, Myung W, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Nainu F, Nair S, Najmuldeen HHR, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narayana AI, Nargus S, Nascimento GG, Nashwan AJ, Nasrollahizadeh A, Nasrollahizadeh A, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nayak VC, Nduaguba SO, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Nejadghaderi SA, Nesbit OD, Netsere HB, Ng M, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen DH, Nguyen HQ, Niazi RK, Nikolouzakis TK, Nikoobar A, Nikoomanesh F, Nikpoor AR, Nnaji CA, Nnyanzi LA, Noman EA, Nomura S, Norrving B, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Ntsekhe M, Nurrika D, Nzoputam CI, Nzoputam OJ, Oancea B, Odetokun IA, O'Donnell MJ, Oguntade AS, Oguta JO, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Olagunju AT, Olasupo OO, Olatubi MI, Oliveira GMM, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omar HA, Omer GL, Omonisi AEE, Onie S, Onwujekwe OE, Ordak M, Orish VN, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Ortiz A, Ortiz-Brizuela E, Osman WMS, Ostroff SM, Osuagwu UL, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Ouyahia A, Ouyang G, Owolabi MO, P A MP, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Palicz T, Palladino C, Pan F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pangaribuan HU, Panos GD, Panos LD, Pantea Stoian AM, Pardhan S, Parikh RR, Pashaei A, Pasovic M, Passera R, Patel J, Patel SK, Patil S, Patoulias D, Patthipati VS, Pawar S, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pedersini P, Peng M, Pensato U, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Peprah P, Perdigão J, Pereira MO, Perianayagam A, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petermann-Rocha FE, Petri WA, Pham HT, Philip AK, Phillips MR, Pigeolet M, Pigott DM, Pillay JD, Piracha ZZ, Pirouzpanah S, Plass D, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Polinder S, Postma MJ, Pourtaheri N, Prada SI, Pradhan PMS, Prakash V, Prasad M, Prates EJS, Priscilla T, Pritchett N, Puri P, Puvvula J, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qazi AS, Qian G, Rabiee Rad M, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafferty Q, Raggi A, Raghav PR, Rahim MJ, Rahman MM, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani S, Rahmanian M, Rahmawaty S, Rajaa S, Ramadan MM, Ramasamy SK, Ramasubramani P, Ramazanu S, Rana K, Ranabhat CL, Rancic N, Rane A, Rao CR, Rao K, Rao M, Rao SJ, Rashidi MM, Rathnaiah Babu G, Rauniyar SK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Razo C, Reddy MMRK, Redwan EMM, Reifels L, Reiner Jr RC, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Reshmi B, Reyes LF, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei Hachesu P, Rezaeian M, Rickard J, Rodrigues CF, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rotimi K, Rout HS, Roy B, Roy N, Roy P, Rubagotti E, S N C, Saad AMA, Saber-Ayad MM, Sabour S, Sacco S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Saddler A, Sadee BA, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Safi SZ, Sagar R, Sagoe D, Saif Z, Sajid MR, Sakshaug JW, Salam N, Salami AA, Salaroli LB, Saleh MA, Salem MR, Salem MZY, Sallam M, Samadzadeh S, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanna F, Santos IS, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarasmita MA, Sarikhani Y, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathyanarayan A, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Scarmeas N, Schaarschmidt BM, Schmidt MI, Schneider IJC, Schumacher AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Sedighi M, Senapati S, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Sethi Y, Setoguchi S, Seylani A, Shadid J, Shafie M, Shah H, Shah NS, Shah PA, Shahbandi A, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shakeri A, Shalash AS, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shamshirgaran MA, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Shannawaz M, Sharath M, Sharifan A, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma M, Sharma R, Sharma S, Sharma U, Sharma V, Shastry RP, Shavandi A, Shayan AM, Shayan M, Shehabeldine AME, Shetty PH, Shibuya K, Shifa JE, Shiferaw D, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shitaye NA, Shittu A, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shokati Eshkiki Z, Shool S, Shrestha S, Shuval K, Sibhat MM, Siddig EE, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Silva S, Simpson CR, Singal A, Singh A, Singh BB, Singh H, Singh JA, Singh M, Singh P, Skou ST, Sleet DA, Slepak ELN, Solanki R, Soliman SSM, Song S, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spartalis M, Sreeramareddy CT, Stark BA, Starodubova AV, Stein C, Stein DJ, Steiner C, Steiner TJ, Steinmetz JD, Steiropoulos P, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Subedi NS, Subramaniyan V, Suemoto CK, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sundström J, Swain CK, Szarpak L, Tabaee Damavandi P, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabatabai S, Tabche C, Tabish M, Tadakamadla SK, Taheri Abkenar Y, Taheri Soodejani M, Taherkhani A, Taiba J, Talaat IM, Talukder A, Tampa M, Tamuzi JL, Tan KK, Tandukar S, Tang H, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Teimoori M, Temsah MH, Teramoto M, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Thayakaran R, Thirunavukkarasu S, Thomas N, Thomas NK, Thum CCC, Tichopad A, Ticoalu JHV, Tillawi T, Tiruye TY, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Torre AE, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tran JT, Tran MTN, Tran NM, Tran NH, Trico D, Tromans SJ, Truyen TTTT, Tsatsakis A, Tsegay GM, Tsermpini EE, Tumurkhuu M, Tyrovolas S, Udoh A, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Umar TP, Undurraga EA, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Unsworth CA, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Usman JS, Vahabi SM, Vaithinathan AG, Van den Eynde J, Varga O, Varma RP, Vart P, Vasankari TJ, Vasic M, Vaziri S, Vellingiri B, Venketasubramanian N, Veroux M, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Villafañe JH, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Volovat SR, Vongpradith A, Waheed Y, Wang C, Wang F, Wang N, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Ward P, Wassie EG, Weaver MR, Weerakoon KG, Weintraub RG, Weiss DJ, Weldemariam AH, Wells KM, Wen YF, Whisnant JL, Whiteford HA, Wiangkham T, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilandika A, Wilkerson C, Willeit P, Wimo A, Woldegebreal DH, Wolf AW, Wong YJ, Woolf AD, Wu C, Wu F, Wu X, Wu Z, Wulf Hanson S, Xia Y, Xiao H, Xu X, Xu YY, Yadav L, Yadollahpour A, Yaghoubi S, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Yaribeygi H, Yazdanpanah MH, Ye P, Yehualashet SS, Yesuf SA, Yezli S, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yigzaw ZA, Yismaw Y, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yu C, Yu Y, Yusuf H, Zahid MH, Zakham F, Zaki L, Zaki N, Zaman BA, Zamora N, Zand R, Zandieh GGZ, Zar HJ, Zarrintan A, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang H, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhong C, Zhong P, Zhou J, Zhu Z, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zimsen SRM, Zoladl M, Zumla A, Zyoud SH, Vos T, Murray CJL. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024; 403:2133-2161. [PMID: 38642570 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44-2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64-3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7-17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8-6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7-10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0-234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7-198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3-214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0-171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3-51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9-52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54-1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5-9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0-19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9-21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0-17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7-27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6-63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4-64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6-2·9) between 2019 and 2021. INTERPRETATION Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Brauer M, Roth GA, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, Abate KH, Abate YH, Abbafati C, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasi MA, Abbasian M, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abd ElHafeez S, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdi P, Abdollahi M, Abdoun M, Abdulah DM, Abdullahi A, Abebe M, Abedi A, Abedi A, Abegaz TM, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Abiodun O, Abiso TL, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abouzid M, Aboye GB, Abreu LG, Abualruz H, Abubakar B, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abukhadijah HJJ, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Adane MM, Addo IY, Addolorato G, Adedoyin RA, Adekanmbi V, Aden B, Adetunji JB, Adeyeoluwa TE, Adha R, Adibi A, Adnani QES, Adzigbli LA, Afolabi AA, Afolabi RF, Afshin A, Afyouni S, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Agampodi SB, Agbozo F, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agrawal A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad N, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ahmed S, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Akalu GT, Akara EM, Akbarialiabad H, Akhlaghi S, Akinosoglou K, Akinyemiju T, Akkaif MA, Akkala S, Akombi-Inyang B, Al Awaidy S, Al Hasan SM, Alahdab F, AL-Ahdal TMA, Alalalmeh SO, Alalwan TA, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Albakri A, AlBataineh MT, Aldhaleei WA, Aldridge RW, Alemayohu MA, Alemu YM, Al-Fatly B, Al-Gheethi AAS, Al-Habbal K, Alhabib KF, Alhassan RK, Ali A, Ali A, Ali BA, Ali I, Ali L, Ali MU, Ali R, Ali SSS, Ali W, Alicandro G, Alif SM, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Al-Marwani S, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Almustanyir S, Alomari MA, Alonso J, Alqahtani JS, Alqutaibi AY, Al-Raddadi RM, Alrawashdeh A, Al-Rifai RH, Alrousan SM, Al-Sabah SK, Alshahrani NZ, Altaany Z, Altaf A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Altirkawi KA, Aluh DO, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Alwafi H, Al-Wardat MS, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Aly S, Alzoubi KH, Al-Zyoud W, Amaechi UA, Aman Mohammadi M, Amani R, Amiri S, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Ammirati E, Amu H, Amugsi DA, Amusa GA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson JA, Andrade PP, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Anenberg SC, Angappan D, Angus C, Anil A, Anil S, Anjum A, Anoushiravani A, Antonazzo IC, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anuoluwa BS, Anvari D, Anvari S, Anwar S, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Anyabolo EE, Anyasodor AE, Apostol GLC, Arabloo J, Arabzadeh Bahri R, Arafat M, Areda D, Aregawi BB, Aremu A, Armocida B, Arndt MB, Ärnlöv J, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Artanti KD, Aruleba IT, Arumugam A, Asbeutah AM, Asgary S, Asgedom AA, Ashbaugh C, Ashemo MY, Ashraf T, Askarinejad A, Assmus M, Astell-Burt T, Athar M, Athari SS, Atorkey P, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awoke AA, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayatollahi H, Ayestas Portugal C, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Azadnajafabad S, Azevedo RMS, Azhar GS, Azizi H, Azzam AY, Backhaus IL, Badar M, Badiye AD, Bagga A, Baghdadi S, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bahrami Taghanaki P, Bai R, Baig AA, Baker JL, Bakkannavar SM, Balasubramanian M, Baltatu OC, Bam K, Bandyopadhyay S, Banik B, Banik PC, Banke-Thomas A, Bansal H, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Bardideh E, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barone-Adesi F, Barqawi HJ, Barrero LH, Barrow A, Barteit S, Basharat Z, Basiru A, Basso JD, Bastan MM, Basu S, Batchu S, Batra K, Batra R, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bayileyegn NS, Beaney T, Behnoush AH, Beiranvand M, Béjot Y, Bekele A, Belgaumi UI, Bell AW, Bell ML, Bello MB, Bello OO, Belo L, Beloukas A, Bendak S, Bennett DA, Bennitt FB, Bensenor IM, Benzian H, Beran A, Berezvai Z, Bernabe E, Bernstein RS, Bettencourt PJG, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhat AN, Bhat V, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R, Bhuiyan MA, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Bishai JD, Bisignano C, Biswas A, Biswas B, Biswas RK, Bjørge T, Boachie MK, Boakye H, Bockarie MJ, Bodolica V, Bodunrin AO, Bogale EK, Bolla SR, Boloor A, Bonakdar Hashemi M, Boppana SH, Bora Basara B, Borhany H, Botero Carvajal A, Bouaoud S, Boufous S, Bourne R, Boxe C, Braithwaite D, Brant LC, Brar A, Breitborde NJK, Breitner S, Brenner H, Briko AN, Britton G, Brown CS, Browne AJ, Brunoni AR, Bryazka D, Bulamu NB, Bulto LN, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Burns RA, Busse R, Bustanji Y, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cagney J, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Calina D, Cámera LA, Campos LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao C, Cao F, Cao Y, Capodici A, Cárdenas R, Carr S, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carugno A, Carvalho F, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Catapano AL, Cattaruzza MS, Caye A, Cederroth CR, Cegolon L, Cenderadewi M, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Chadwick J, Chakraborty C, Chakraborty PA, Chakraborty S, Chan JSK, Chan RNC, Chandan JS, Chandika RM, Chaturvedi P, Chen AT, Chen CS, Chen H, Chen MX, Chen M, Chen S, Cheng CY, Cheng ETW, Cherbuin N, Chi G, Chichagi F, Chimed-Ochir O, Chimoriya R, Ching PR, Chirinos-Caceres JL, Chitheer A, Cho WCS, Chong B, Chopra H, Chowdhury R, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Chung SC, Chutiyami M, Cioffi I, Cogen RM, Cohen AJ, Columbus A, Conde J, Corlateanu A, Cortese S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Costanzo S, Criqui MH, Cruz JA, Cruz-Martins N, Culbreth GT, da Silva AG, Dadras O, Dai X, Dai Z, Daikwo PU, Dalli LL, Damiani G, D'Amico E, D'Anna L, Darwesh AM, Das JK, Das S, Dash NR, Dashti M, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davis Weaver N, Davitoiu DV, De la Hoz FP, de la Torre-Luque A, De Leo D, Debopadhaya S, Degenhardt L, Del Bo' C, Delgado-Enciso I, Delgado-Saborit JM, Demoze CK, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dervenis N, Dervišević E, Desai HD, Desai R, Devanbu VGC, Dewan SMR, Dhali A, Dhama K, Dhane AS, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dhingra S, Dhulipala VR, Dhungana RR, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Diaz LA, Diaz MJ, Dima A, Ding DD, Dinu M, Djalalinia S, Do TC, Do THP, do Prado CB, Dodangeh M, Dohare S, Dokova KG, Dong W, Dongarwar D, D'Oria M, Dorostkar F, Dorsey ER, Doshi R, Doshmangir L, Dowou RK, Driscoll TR, Dsouza AC, Dsouza HL, Dumith SC, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Duraisamy S, Dushpanova A, Dzianach PA, Dziedzic AM, Ebrahimi A, Echieh CP, Ed-Dra A, Edinur HA, Edvardsson D, Edvardsson K, Efendi F, Eftekharimehrabad A, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Arab RA, El Sayed Zaki M, El-Dahiyat F, Elemam NM, Elgar FJ, ElGohary GMT, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, Elmehrath AO, Elmeligy OAA, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Emeto TI, Esfandiari N, Eshrati B, Eslami M, Esmaeili SV, Estep K, Etaee F, Fabin N, Fagbamigbe AF, Fagbule OF, Fahimi S, Falzone L, Fareed M, Farinha CSES, Faris MEM, Faris PS, Faro A, Fasina FO, Fatehizadeh A, Fauk NK, Fazylov T, Feigin VL, Feng X, Fereshtehnejad SM, Feroze AH, Ferrara P, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira N, Fetensa G, Feyisa BR, Filip I, Fischer F, Fitriana I, Flavel J, Flohr C, Flood D, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Force LM, Fortuna D, Foschi M, Franklin RC, Freitas A, Friedman SD, Fux B, G S, Gaal PA, Gaihre S, Gajdács M, Galali Y, Gallus S, Gandhi AP, Ganesan B, Ganiyani MA, Garcia V, Gardner WM, Garg RK, Gautam RK, Gebi TG, Gebregergis MW, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremariam TBB, Gebremeskel TG, Gerema U, Getacher L, Getahun GKA, Getie M, Ghadirian F, Ghafarian S, Ghaffari Jolfayi A, Ghailan KY, Ghajar A, Ghasemi M, Ghasempour Dabaghi G, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghassemi F, Ghazy RM, Gholami A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Gholizadeh N, Ghorbani M, Gil AU, Gil GF, Gilbertson NM, Gill PS, Gill TK, Gindaba EZ, Girmay A, Glasbey JC, Gnedovskaya EV, Göbölös L, Godinho MA, Goel A, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gomes NGM, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Goulart AC, Gouravani M, Goyal A, Graham SM, Grivna M, Grosso G, Guan SY, Guarducci G, Gubari MIM, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Gulati S, Gulisashvili D, Gunawardane DA, Guo C, Gupta AK, Gupta B, Gupta M, Gupta R, Gupta RD, Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gupta VK, Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Hadaro TS, Hadian Z, Haep N, Haghi-Aminjan H, Haghmorad D, Hagins H, Haile D, Hailu A, Hajj Ali A, Halboub ES, Halimi A, Hall BJ, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hamdy NM, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hammoud A, Hanif A, Hanifi N, Haq ZA, Haque MR, Harapan H, Hargono A, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan I, Hasan MJ, Hasan SMM, Hasani H, Hasanian M, Hashmeh N, Hasnain MS, Hassan A, Hassan I, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei MS, Hassani S, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Haubold J, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hebert JJ, Hegazi OE, Hegena TY, Heidari G, Heidari M, Helfer B, Hemmati M, Henson CA, Herbert ME, Herteliu C, Heuer A, Hezam K, Hinneh TK, Hiraike Y, Hoan NQ, Holla R, Hon J, Hoque ME, Horita N, Hossain S, Hosseini SE, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hoven H, Hsairi M, Hsu JM, Hu C, Huang J, Huda MN, Hulland EN, Hultström M, Hushmandi K, Hussain J, Hussein NR, Huynh CK, Huynh HH, Ibitoye SE, Idowu OO, Ihler AL, Ikeda N, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Imam MT, Immurana M, Inbaraj LR, Irham LM, Isa MA, Islam MR, Ismail F, Ismail NE, Iso H, Isola G, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Iwu-Jaja CJ, J V, Jaafari J, Jacob L, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jain A, Jain N, Jairoun AA, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh R, Jamora RDG, Jatau AI, Javadov S, Javaheri T, Jayaram S, Jeganathan J, Jeswani BM, Jiang H, Johnson CO, Jokar M, Jomehzadeh N, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshi V, Joshua CE, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kahn EM, Kalani R, Kaliyadan F, Kalra S, Kamath R, Kanagasabai T, Kanchan T, Kandel H, Kanmiki EW, Kanmodi KK, Kansal SK, Kapner DJ, Kapoor N, Karagiannidis E, Karajizadeh M, Karakasis P, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Karch A, Karim A, Karimi H, Karmakar S, Kashoo FZ, Kasraei H, Kassahun WD, Kassebaum NJ, Kassel MB, Katikireddi SV, Kauppila JH, Kawakami N, Kaydi N, Kayode GA, Kazemi F, Keiyoro PN, Kemmer L, Kempen JH, Kerr JA, Kesse-Guyot E, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khalil M, Khalilian A, Khamesipour F, Khan A, Khan MN, Khan M, Khan MJ, Khan MAB, Khanmohammadi S, Khatab K, Khatatbeh H, Khatatbeh MM, Khatib MN, Khavandegar A, Khayat Kashani HR, Khidri FF, Khodadoust E, Khormali M, Khorrami Z, Khosla AA, Khosrowjerdi M, Khreis H, Khusun H, Kifle ZD, Kim K, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Knibbs LD, Knudsen AKS, Koh DSQ, Kolahi AA, Kompani F, Kong J, Koren G, Korja M, Korshunov VA, Korzh O, Kosen S, Kothari N, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy V, Krishnamoorthy Y, Krishnan B, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kuddus MA, Kuddus M, Kugbey N, Kuitunen I, Kulimbet M, Kulkarni V, Kumar A, Kumar N, Kumar V, Kundu S, Kurmi OP, Kusnali A, Kusuma D, Kutluk T, La Vecchia C, Ladan MA, Laflamme L, Lahariya C, Lai DTC, Lal DK, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lan Q, Lan T, Landires I, Lanfranchi F, Langguth B, Lansingh VC, Laplante-Lévesque A, Larijani B, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Le HH, Le LKD, Le NHH, Le TTT, Leasher JL, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee YH, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leong E, Lerango TL, Lescinsky H, Leung J, Li MC, Li WZ, Li W, Li Y, Li Z, Ligade VS, Lim LL, Lim SS, Lin RT, Lin S, Liu C, Liu G, Liu J, Liu J, Liu RT, Liu S, Liu W, Liu X, Liu X, Livingstone KM, Llanaj E, Lohiya A, López-Bueno R, Lopukhov PD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Luo L, lv H, M Amin HI, Ma ZF, Maass KL, Mabrok M, Machairas N, Machoy M, Mafhoumi A, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Maghazachi AA, Mahadeshwara Prasad DR, Maharaj SB, Mahmoud MA, Mahmoudi E, Majeed A, Makram OM, Makris KC, Malasala S, Maled V, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Malinga LA, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manda AL, Manla Y, Mansour A, Mansouri B, Mansouri P, Mansourian M, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Manu E, Marateb HR, Maravilla JC, Marsh E, Martinez G, Martinez-Piedra R, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, Marx W, Maryam S, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathioudakis AG, Matozinhos FP, Mattumpuram J, Maugeri A, Maulik PK, Mayeli M, Mazidi M, Mazzotti A, McGrath JJ, McKee M, McKowen ALW, McLaughlin SA, McPhail MA, McPhail SM, Mechili EA, Mehmood A, Mehmood K, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Mehrabi Nasab E, Meier T, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Mekene Meto T, Mekonnen BD, Menezes RG, Mengist B, Mensah GA, Mensah LG, Mentis AFA, Meo SA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AM, Mesfin BA, Mestrovic T, Mettananda KCD, Mettananda S, Miazgowski T, Micha G, Michalek IM, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá AC, Miller TR, Mirarefin M, Mirghafourvand M, Mirica A, Mirijello A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirshahi A, Mirzaei M, Mishra AK, Mishra V, Mitchell PB, Mithra P, Mittal C, Moazen B, Moberg ME, Mocciaro G, Mohamadkhani A, Mohamed AZ, Mohamed AI, Mohamed J, Mohamed MFH, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammed H, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moni MA, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Moore CE, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreira RS, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mosaddeghi Heris R, Mossialos E, Motappa R, Mougin V, Mousavi P, Msherghi A, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mueller UO, Mulita F, Mullany EC, Munjal K, Murillo-Zamora E, Murlimanju BV, Musina AM, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Muthupandian S, Muthusamy R, Muzaffar M, Myung W, Nafei A, Nagarajan AJ, Nagaraju SP, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Naik G, Nainu F, Nair TS, Najdaghi S, Nakhostin Ansari N, Nanavaty DP, Nangia V, Narasimha Swamy S, Narimani Davani D, Nascimento BR, Nascimento GG, Nashwan AJ, Natto ZS, Nauman J, Navaratna SNK, Naveed M, Nayak BP, Nayak VC, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba SO, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Nejadghaderi SA, Nejjari C, Nematollahi MH, Nepal S, Neupane S, Ng M, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen DH, Nguyen NNY, Nguyen PT, Nguyen PT, Nguyen VT, Nguyen Tran Minh D, Niazi RK, Nicholson SI, Nie J, Nikoobar A, Nikpoor AR, Ningrum DNA, Nnaji CA, Noman EA, Nomura S, Noroozi N, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Ntsekhe M, Nunemo MH, Nurrika D, Nutor JJ, Oancea B, O'Connell EM, Odetokun IA, O'Donnell MJ, Oduro MS, Ogunfowokan AA, Ogunkoya A, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Olagunju AT, Olasupo OO, Olatubi MI, Oliveira AB, Oliveira GMM, Olorukooba AA, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Oluwafemi YD, Omar HA, Omar Bali A, Omer GL, Ong KL, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Onyedibe KI, Oppong AF, Ordak M, Orish VN, Ornello R, Orpana HM, Ortiz A, Ortiz-Prado E, Osman WMS, Ostroff SM, Osuagwu UL, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Ouyahia A, Owolabi MO, Oyeyemi IT, Oyeyemi OT, P A MP, Pacheco-Barrios K, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pal PK, Palicz T, Pan F, Pan HF, Pana A, Panda SK, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pangaribuan HU, Pantazopoulos I, Pantea Stoian AM, Papadopoulou P, Parent MC, Parija PP, Parikh RR, Park S, Park S, Parsons N, Pashaei A, Pasovic M, Passera R, Patil S, Patoulias D, Patthipati VS, Paudel U, Pawar S, Pazoki Toroudi H, Peden AE, Pedersini P, Peng M, Pensato U, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Peprah P, Peres MFP, Perianayagam A, Perico N, Perna S, Pesudovs K, Petcu IR, Petermann-Rocha FE, Pham HT, Philip AK, Phillips MR, Pickering BV, Pierannunzio D, Pigeolet M, Pigott DM, Piracha ZZ, Piradov MA, Pisoni E, Piyasena MP, Plass D, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Polkinghorne KR, Poluru R, Pond CD, Popovic DS, Porru F, Postma MJ, Poudel GR, Pour-Rashidi A, Pourshams A, Pourtaheri N, Prabhu D, Prada SI, Pradhan J, Pradhan PMS, Prasad M, Prates EJS, Purnobasuki H, Purohit BM, Puvvula J, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qazi AS, Qian G, Qiu S, Rabiee Rad M, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafferty Q, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Raghav PR, Raheem N, Rahim F, Rahim MJ, Rahimifard M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MO, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmani B, Rahmanian M, Rahmanian N, Rahmanian V, Rahmati M, Rahmawaty S, Raimondo D, Rajaa S, Rajendran V, Rajput P, Ramadan MM, Ramasamy SK, Ramasubramani P, Ramazanu S, Ramteke PW, Rana J, Rana K, Ranabhat CL, Rane A, Rani U, Ranta A, Rao CR, Rao M, Rao PC, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rashedi S, Rashedi V, Rashidi M, Rashidi MM, Rasouli-Saravani A, Ratan ZA, Rathnaiah Babu G, Rauniyar SK, Rautalin I, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razo C, Reda ZFF, Reddy MMRK, Redwan EMM, Reifels L, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Reshmi B, Resnikoff S, Restaino S, Reyes LF, Rezaei M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rhee TG, Riaz MA, Ribeiro ALP, Rickard J, Robinson-Oden HE, Rodrigues CF, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Romadlon DS, Ronfani L, Rosauer JJ, Roshandel G, Rostamian M, Rotimi K, Rout HS, Roy B, Roy N, Rubagotti E, Ruela GDA, Rumisha SF, Runghien T, Russo M, Ruzzante SW, S N C, Saad AMA, Saber K, Saber-Ayad MM, Sabour S, Sacco S, Sachdev PS, Sachdeva R, Saddik B, Saddler A, Sadee BA, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Sadeghi Majd E, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Safari M, Safi S, Safi SZ, Sagar R, Sagoe D, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sahebkar A, Sahoo SS, Sahu M, Saif Z, Sajid MR, Sakshaug JW, Salam N, Salamati P, Salami AA, Salaroli LB, Salehi L, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salem MZY, Salihu D, Salimi S, Salum GA, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samodra YL, Samuel VP, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanjeev RK, Sanna F, Santomauro DF, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarasmita MA, Saraswathy SYI, Saravanan A, Saravi B, Sarikhani Y, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sattin D, Sawhney M, Saya GK, Sayeed A, Sayeed MA, Sayyah M, Schinckus C, Schmidt MI, Schuermans A, Schumacher AE, Schutte AE, Schwarzinger M, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Selvaraj S, Semreen MH, Senthilkumaran S, Serban D, Serre ML, Sethi Y, Shafie M, Shah H, Shah NS, Shah PA, Shah SM, Shahbandi A, Shaheen AA, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahsavari HR, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shaikh SZ, Shalash AS, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamshirgaran MA, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma M, Sharma U, Sharma V, Shastry RP, Shavandi A, Shehabeldine AME, Shehzadi S, Sheikh A, Shen J, Shetty A, Shetty BSK, Shetty PH, Shiani A, Shiferaw D, Shigematsu M, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shool S, Shorofi SA, Shrestha R, Shrestha S, Shuja KH, Shuval K, Si Y, Siddig EE, Silva DAS, Silva LMLR, Silva S, Silva TPR, Simpson CR, Singh A, Singh BB, Singh B, Singh G, Singh H, Singh JA, Singh M, Singh NP, Singh P, Singh S, Sinto R, Sivakumar S, Siwal SS, Skhvitaridze N, Skou ST, Sleet DA, Sobia F, Soboka M, Socea B, Solaimanian S, Solanki R, Solanki S, Soliman SSM, Somayaji R, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spartalis M, Spearman S, Spencer CN, Sreeramareddy CT, Stachteas P, Stafford LK, Stanaway JD, Stanikzai MH, Stein C, Stein DJ, Steinbeis F, Steiner C, Steinke S, Steiropoulos P, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Straif K, Stranges S, Subedi N, Subramaniyan V, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sundström J, Sunkersing D, Sunnerhagen KS, Suresh V, Swain CK, Szarpak L, Szeto MD, Tabaee Damavandi P, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabatabaei Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabatabai S, Tabche C, Tabish M, Tadakamadla SK, Taheri Abkenar Y, Taheri Soodejani M, Taherkhani A, Taiba J, Takahashi K, Talaat IM, Tamuzi JL, Tan KK, Tang H, Tat NY, Taveira N, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temesgen WA, Temsah MH, Teramoto M, Terefa DR, Teye-Kwadjo E, Thakur R, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Thayakaran R, Thirunavukkarasu S, Thomas N, Thomas NK, Tian J, Tichopad A, Ticoalu JHV, Tiruye TY, Tobe-Gai R, Tolani MA, Tolossa T, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Trabelsi K, Tran JT, Tran MTN, Tran NM, Trico D, Trihandini I, Troeger CE, Tromans SJ, Truyen TTTT, Tsatsakis A, Tsermpini EE, Tumurkhuu M, Udoakang AJ, Udoh A, Ullah A, Ullah S, Ullah S, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Usman JS, Vaithinathan AG, Vakili O, Valenti M, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, van Donkelaar A, Varga O, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Vasic M, Vaziri S, Venketasubramanian N, Verghese NA, Verma M, Veroux M, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Villafañe JH, Villalobos-Daniel VE, Villani L, Villanueva GI, Vinayak M, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollset SE, Volovat SR, Vos T, Vujcic IS, Waheed Y, Wang C, Wang F, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Wanjau MN, Waqas M, Ward P, Waris A, Wassie EG, Weerakoon KG, Weintraub RG, Weiss DJ, Weiss EJ, Weldetinsaa HLL, Wells KM, Wen YF, Wiangkham T, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilkerson C, Willeit P, Wilson S, Wong YJ, Wongsin U, Wozniak S, Wu C, Wu D, Wu F, Wu Z, Xia J, Xiao H, Xu S, Xu X, Xu YY, Yadav MK, Yaghoubi S, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yaribeygi H, Yasufuku Y, Ye P, Yesodharan R, Yesuf SA, Yezli S, Yi S, Yiğit A, Yigzaw ZA, Yin D, Yip P, Yismaw MB, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yu Y, Zadey S, Zadnik V, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zakzuk J, Zamagni G, Zaman SB, Zandieh GGZ, Zanghì A, Zar HJ, Zare I, Zarimeidani F, Zastrozhin MS, Zeng Y, Zhai C, Zhang AL, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zhao JT, Zhao XJG, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhu B, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Ziaeian B, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zimsen SRM, Zoghi G, Zoller T, Zumla A, Zyoud SH, Zyoud SH, Murray CJL, Gakidou E. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024; 403:2162-2203. [PMID: 38762324 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. METHODS The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk-outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of data-driven determination of a risk-outcome association. Age-sex-location-year-specific estimates were generated at global, regional, and national levels. Our approach followed the comparative risk assessment framework predicated on a causal web of hierarchically organised, potentially combinative, modifiable risks. Relative risks (RRs) of a given outcome occurring as a function of risk factor exposure were estimated separately for each risk-outcome pair, and summary exposure values (SEVs), representing risk-weighted exposure prevalence, and theoretical minimum risk exposure levels (TMRELs) were estimated for each risk factor. These estimates were used to calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF; ie, the proportional change in health risk that would occur if exposure to a risk factor were reduced to the TMREL). The product of PAFs and disease burden associated with a given outcome, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), yielded measures of attributable burden (ie, the proportion of total disease burden attributable to a particular risk factor or combination of risk factors). Adjustments for mediation were applied to account for relationships involving risk factors that act indirectly on outcomes via intermediate risks. Attributable burden estimates were stratified by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile and presented as counts, age-standardised rates, and rankings. To complement estimates of RR and attributable burden, newly developed burden of proof risk function (BPRF) methods were applied to yield supplementary, conservative interpretations of risk-outcome associations based on the consistency of underlying evidence, accounting for unexplained heterogeneity between input data from different studies. Estimates reported represent the mean value across 500 draws from the estimate's distribution, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) calculated as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile values across the draws. FINDINGS Among the specific risk factors analysed for this study, particulate matter air pollution was the leading contributor to the global disease burden in 2021, contributing 8·0% (95% UI 6·7-9·4) of total DALYs, followed by high systolic blood pressure (SBP; 7·8% [6·4-9·2]), smoking (5·7% [4·7-6·8]), low birthweight and short gestation (5·6% [4·8-6·3]), and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 5·4% [4·8-6·0]). For younger demographics (ie, those aged 0-4 years and 5-14 years), risks such as low birthweight and short gestation and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing (WaSH) were among the leading risk factors, while for older age groups, metabolic risks such as high SBP, high body-mass index (BMI), high FPG, and high LDL cholesterol had a greater impact. From 2000 to 2021, there was an observable shift in global health challenges, marked by a decline in the number of all-age DALYs broadly attributable to behavioural risks (decrease of 20·7% [13·9-27·7]) and environmental and occupational risks (decrease of 22·0% [15·5-28·8]), coupled with a 49·4% (42·3-56·9) increase in DALYs attributable to metabolic risks, all reflecting ageing populations and changing lifestyles on a global scale. Age-standardised global DALY rates attributable to high BMI and high FPG rose considerably (15·7% [9·9-21·7] for high BMI and 7·9% [3·3-12·9] for high FPG) over this period, with exposure to these risks increasing annually at rates of 1·8% (1·6-1·9) for high BMI and 1·3% (1·1-1·5) for high FPG. By contrast, the global risk-attributable burden and exposure to many other risk factors declined, notably for risks such as child growth failure and unsafe water source, with age-standardised attributable DALYs decreasing by 71·5% (64·4-78·8) for child growth failure and 66·3% (60·2-72·0) for unsafe water source. We separated risk factors into three groups according to trajectory over time: those with a decreasing attributable burden, due largely to declining risk exposure (eg, diet high in trans-fat and household air pollution) but also to proportionally smaller child and youth populations (eg, child and maternal malnutrition); those for which the burden increased moderately in spite of declining risk exposure, due largely to population ageing (eg, smoking); and those for which the burden increased considerably due to both increasing risk exposure and population ageing (eg, ambient particulate matter air pollution, high BMI, high FPG, and high SBP). INTERPRETATION Substantial progress has been made in reducing the global disease burden attributable to a range of risk factors, particularly those related to maternal and child health, WaSH, and household air pollution. Maintaining efforts to minimise the impact of these risk factors, especially in low SDI locations, is necessary to sustain progress. Successes in moderating the smoking-related burden by reducing risk exposure highlight the need to advance policies that reduce exposure to other leading risk factors such as ambient particulate matter air pollution and high SBP. Troubling increases in high FPG, high BMI, and other risk factors related to obesity and metabolic syndrome indicate an urgent need to identify and implement interventions. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Schumacher AE, Kyu HH, Aali A, Abbafati C, Abbas J, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasi MA, Abbasian M, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab A, Abdollahi M, Abdoun M, Abdullahi A, Abdurehman AM, Abebe M, Abedi A, Abedi A, Abegaz TM, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Abhilash ES, Abiodun OO, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abouzid M, Abreu LG, Abrha WA, Abrigo MRM, Abtahi D, Abu Rumeileh S, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Acuna JM, Adair T, Addo IY, Adebayo OM, Adegboye OA, Adekanmbi V, Aden B, Adepoju AV, Adetunji CO, Adeyeoluwa TE, Adeyomoye OI, Adha R, Adibi A, Adikusuma W, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afework A, Afolabi AA, Afraz A, Afyouni S, Afzal S, Agasthi P, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad MM, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmadzade M, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Aji B, Ajumobi O, Akalu GT, Akara EM, Akinosoglou K, Akkala S, Akyirem S, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan SM, Al Homsi A, Al Qadire M, Ala M, Aladelusi TO, AL-Ahdal TMA, Alalalmeh SO, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam M, Alam Z, Al-amer RM, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh MT, Aldridge RW, Alemi S, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Gheethi AAS, Alhabib KF, Alhalaiqa FAN, Al-Hanawi MK, Ali A, Ali A, Ali BA, Ali H, Ali MU, Ali R, Ali SSS, Ali Z, Alian Samakkhah S, Alicandro G, Alif SM, Aligol M, Alimi R, Aliyi AA, Al-Jumaily A, Aljunid SM, Almahmeed W, Al-Marwani S, Al-Maweri SAA, Almazan JU, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Almidani O, Alomari MA, Alonso N, Alqahtani JS, Alqutaibi AY, Al-Sabah SK, Altaf A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Altirkawi KA, Alvi FJ, Alwafi H, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Alzoubi KH, Amare AT, Ameyaw EK, Amhare AF, Amin TT, Amindarolzarbi A, Aminian Dehkordi J, Amiri S, Amu H, Amugsi DA, Amzat J, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Andrade PP, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Angappan D, Anil A, Anjum A, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anuoluwa IA, Anwar SL, Anyasodor AE, Appiah SCY, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arabzadeh Bahri R, Arab-Zozani M, Arafat M, Araújo AM, Aravkin AY, Aremu A, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Armocida B, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Artanti KD, Arulappan J, Aruleba IT, Aruleba RT, Arumugam A, Asaad M, Asgary S, Ashemo MY, Ashraf M, Asika MO, Athari SS, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Avan A, Awotidebe AW, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayanore MA, Ayele GM, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Ayyoubzadeh SM, Azadnajafabad S, Azhar GS, Aziz S, Azzam AY, Babashahi M, Babu AS, Badar M, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Baghdadi S, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bah S, Bahadorikhalili S, Bai J, Bai R, Baker JL, Bakkannavar SM, Bako AT, Balakrishnan S, Balogun SA, Baltatu OC, Bam K, Banach M, Bandyopadhyay S, Banik B, Banik PC, Bansal H, Barati S, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Barker-Collo SL, Barone-Adesi F, Barqawi HJ, Barr RD, Barrero LH, Basharat Z, Bashir AIJ, Bashiru HA, Baskaran P, Basnyat B, Bassat Q, Basso JD, Basu S, Batra K, Batra R, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bayileyegn NS, Beaney T, Bedi N, Begum T, Behboudi E, Behnoush AH, Beiranvand M, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Belgaumi UI, Bell ML, Bello AK, Bello MB, Bello OO, Belo L, Beloukas A, Bendak S, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Benzian H, Berezvai Z, Berman AE, Bermudez ANC, Bettencourt PJG, Beyene HB, Beyene KA, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhardwaj PV, Bhargava A, Bhaskar S, Bhat V, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Binmadi N, Bintoro BS, Biondi A, Bisignano C, Bisulli F, Biswas A, Biswas RK, Bitaraf S, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Boampong MS, Bodolica V, Bodunrin AO, Bolarinwa OA, Bonakdar Hashemi M, Bonny A, Bora K, Bora Basara B, Borodo SB, Borschmann R, Botero Carvajal A, Bouaoud S, Boudalia S, Boyko EJ, Bragazzi NL, Braithwaite D, Brenner H, Britton G, Browne AJ, Brunoni AR, Bulamu NB, Bulto LN, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Burns RA, Burugina Nagaraja S, Busse R, Bustanji Y, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cai T, Calina D, Cámera LA, Campos LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao C, Cardenas CA, Cárdenas R, Carr S, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carugno A, Carvalho F, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Catapano AL, Cattaruzza MS, Caye A, Cederroth CR, Cembranel F, Cenderadewi M, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Cevik M, Chacón-Uscamaita PRU, Chahine Y, Chakraborty C, Chan JSK, Chang CK, Charalampous P, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Chavula MP, Cheema HA, Chen AT, Chen H, Chen L, Chen MX, Chen S, Cherbuin N, Chew DS, Chi G, Chirinos-Caceres JL, Chitheer A, Cho SMJ, Cho WCS, Chong B, Chopra H, Choudhary R, Chowdhury R, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Chung E, Chung SC, Cini KI, Clark CCT, Coberly K, Columbus A, Comfort H, Conde J, Conti S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cousin E, Cowden RG, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Culbreth GT, Cullen P, Cunningham M, da Silva e Silva D, Dadana S, Dadras O, Dai Z, Dalal K, Dalli LL, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Daneshvar S, Darwesh AM, Das JK, Das S, Dash NR, Dashti M, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davis Weaver N, Davletov K, De Leo D, Debele AT, Degenhardt L, Dehbandi R, Deitesfeld L, Delgado-Enciso I, Delgado-Ortiz L, Demant D, Demessa BH, Demetriades AK, Deng X, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Des Jarlais DC, Desai HD, Desai R, Deuba K, Devanbu VGC, Dey S, Dhali A, Dhama K, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dhingra S, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dima A, Ding DD, Dirac MA, Dixit A, Dixit SG, Do TC, Do THP, do Prado CB, Dodangeh M, Dokova KG, Dolecek C, Dorsey ER, dos Santos WM, Doshi R, Doshmangir L, Douiri A, Dowou RK, Driscoll TR, Dsouza HL, Dube J, Dumith SC, Dunachie SJ, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Duraisamy S, Durojaiye OC, Dutta S, Dzianach PA, Dziedzic AM, Ebenezer O, Eboreime E, Ebrahimi A, Echieh CP, Ed-Dra A, Edinur HA, Edvardsson D, Edvardsson K, Efendi D, Efendi F, Eghdami S, Eikemo TA, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekpor E, Ekundayo TC, El Arab RA, El Morsi DAW, El Sayed Zaki M, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elemam NM, Elgar FJ, Elgendy IY, ElGohary GMT, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, Elmeligy OAA, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Emami Zeydi A, Emamverdi M, Emeto TI, Engelbert Bain L, Erkhembayar R, Eshetie TC, Eskandarieh S, Espinosa-Montero J, Estep K, Etaee F, Eze UA, Fabin N, Fadaka AO, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahimi S, Falzone L, Farinha CSES, Faris MEM, Farjoud Kouhanjani M, Faro A, Farrokhpour H, Fatehizadeh A, Fattahi H, Fauk NK, Fazeli P, Feigin VL, Fekadu G, Fereshtehnejad SM, Feroze AH, Ferrante D, Ferrara P, Ferreira N, Fetensa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Flavel J, Flaxman AD, Flor LS, Florin BT, Folayan MO, Foley KM, Fomenkov AA, Force LM, Fornari C, Foroutan B, Foschi M, Francis KL, Franklin RC, Freitas A, Friedman J, Friedman SD, Fukumoto T, Fuller JE, Gaal PA, Gadanya MA, Gaihre S, Gaipov A, Gakidou E, Galali Y, Galehdar N, Gallus S, Gan Q, Gandhi AP, Ganesan B, Garg J, Gau SY, Gautam P, Gautam RK, Gazzelloni F, Gebregergis MW, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremariam TB, Gerema U, Getachew ME, Getachew T, Gething PW, Ghafourifard M, Ghahramani S, Ghailan KY, Ghajar A, Ghanbarnia MJ, Ghasemi M, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghassemi F, Ghazy RM, Ghimire S, Gholamian A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Ghozali G, Ghozy S, Ghuge AD, Gialluisi A, Gibson RM, Gil AU, Gill PS, Gill TK, Gillum RF, Ginindza TG, Girmay A, Glasbey JC, Gnedovskaya EV, Göbölös L, Goel A, Goldust M, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golestanfar A, Golinelli D, Gona PN, Goudarzi H, Goudarzian AH, Goyal A, Greenhalgh S, Grivna M, Guarducci G, Gubari MIM, Gudeta MD, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Gunawardane DA, Gunturu S, Guo C, Gupta AK, Gupta B, Gupta IR, Gupta RD, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Hachinski V, Haddadi M, Haddadi R, Haep N, Hajj Ali A, Halboub ES, Halim SA, Hall BJ, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hamagharib Abdullah K, Hamidi S, Hamiduzzaman M, Hammoud A, Hanifi N, Hankey GJ, Hannan MA, Haque MN, Harapan H, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan F, Hasan I, Hasan MT, Hasani H, Hasanian M, Hasanpour- Dehkordi A, Hassan AM, Hassan A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Hassanipour S, Haubold J, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hbid Y, Hebert JJ, Hegazi OE, Heidari G, Heidari M, Heidari-Foroozan M, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Helfer B, Herteliu C, Hesami H, Hettiarachchi D, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Hoffman HJ, Holla R, Horita N, Hossain MB, Hossain MM, Hossain S, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hsairi M, Hsieh VCR, Hu C, Huang J, Huda MN, Hugo FN, Hultström M, Hussain J, Hussain S, Hussein NR, Huy LD, Huynh HH, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Idowu OO, Ijo D, Ikuta KS, Ilaghi M, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Inbaraj LR, Iradukunda A, Iravanpour F, Iregbu KC, Islam MR, Islam MM, Islam SMS, Islami F, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Iwu-Jaja CJ, Iyer M, J LM, Jaafari J, Jacob L, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jaggi K, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jain A, Jain N, Jairoun AA, Jakovljevic M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh R, Jamshidi E, Jani CT, Janko MM, Jatau AI, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jeganathan J, Jema AT, Jemere DM, Jeong W, Jha AK, Jha RP, Ji JS, Jiang H, Jin Y, Jin Y, Johnson O, Jomehzadeh N, Jones DP, Joo T, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir H, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kahe F, Kakodkar PV, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kaliyadan F, Kalra S, Kamath A, Kamireddy A, Kanagasabai T, Kandel H, Kanmiki EW, Kanmodi KK, Kantar RS, Kapoor N, Karajizadeh M, Karami Matin B, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Karim A, Karimi H, Karimi SE, Karimi Behnagh A, Karkhah S, Karna AK, Kashoo FZ, Kasraei H, Kassaw NA, Kassebaum NJ, Kassel MB, Katamreddy A, Katikireddi SV, Katoto PDMC, Kauppila JH, Kaur N, Kaydi N, Kayibanda JF, Kayode GA, Kazemi F, Kazemian S, Kazeminia S, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keller C, Kempen JH, Kerr JA, Kesse-Guyot E, Keykhaei M, Khadembashiri MM, Khadembashiri MA, Khafaie MA, Khajuria H, Khalafi M, Khalaji A, Khalid N, Khalil IA, Khamesipour F, Khan A, Khan G, Khan I, Khan IA, Khan M, Khan MAB, Khan T, Khan suheb MZ, Khanmohammadi S, Khatab K, Khatami F, Khavandegar A, Khayat Kashani HR, Kheirallah KA, Khidri FF, Khodadoust E, Khormali M, Khosrowjerdi M, Khubchandani J, Khusun H, Kifle ZD, Kim G, Kim J, Kimokoti RW, Kinzel KE, Kiross GT, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kiss JB, Kivimäki M, Klu D, Knudsen AKS, Kolahi AA, Kompani F, Koren G, Kosen S, Kostev K, Kotnis AL, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krishna H, Krishnamoorthy V, Krishnamoorthy Y, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kubeisy CM, Kucuk Bicer B, Kuddus MA, Kuddus M, Kuitunen I, Kujan O, Kulimbet M, Kulkarni V, Kumar A, Kumar H, Kumar N, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kumari M, Kurmanova A, Kurmi OP, Kusnali A, Kusuma D, Kutluk T, Kuttikkattu A, Kyei EF, Kyriopoulos I, La Vecchia C, Ladan MA, Laflamme L, Lahariya C, Lahmar A, Lai DTC, Laksono T, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lamnisos D, Lan T, Lanfranchi F, Langguth B, Lansingh VC, Laplante-Lévesque A, Larijani B, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Latief K, Latif M, Latifinaibin K, Lauriola P, Le LKD, Le NHH, Le TTT, Le TDT, Lee M, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, Legesse SM, Leigh J, Lenzi J, Leong E, Lerango TL, Li MC, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Z, Libra M, Ligade VS, Likaka ATM, Lim LL, Lin RT, Lin S, Lioutas VA, Listl S, Liu J, Liu S, Liu X, Livingstone KM, Llanaj E, Lo CH, Loreche AM, Lorenzovici L, Lotfi M, Lotfizadeh M, Lozano R, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Ma J, Ma S, Ma ZF, Mabrok M, Machairas N, Machoy M, Madsen C, Magaña Gómez JA, Maghazachi AA, Maharaj SB, Maharjan P, Mahjoub S, Mahmoud MA, Mahmoudi E, Mahmoudi M, Makram OM, Malagón-Rojas JN, Malakan Rad E, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra AK, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Malinga LA, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manla Y, Mannan F, Mansoori Y, Mansour A, Mansouri V, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Marasini BP, Marateb HR, Maravilla JC, Marconi AM, Mardi P, Marino M, Marjani A, Marrugo Arnedo CA, Martinez-Guerra BA, Martinez-Piedra R, Martins CA, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, Marx W, Maryam S, Marzo RR, Mate KKV, Matei CN, Mathioudakis AG, Maude RJ, Maugeri A, May EA, Mayeli M, Mazaheri M, Mazidi M, Mazzotti A, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, McKowen ALW, McLaughlin SA, McPhail MA, McPhail SM, Mechili EA, Mediratta RP, Meena JK, Mehari M, Mehlman ML, Mehra R, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mehrotra R, Mekonnen MM, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mensah GA, Mensah LG, Mentis AFA, Meo SA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AM, Mesfin BA, Mestrovic T, Mhlanga A, Mhlanga L, Mi T, Micha G, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mindlin SN, Minelli G, Minh LHN, Mini GK, Minja NW, Mirdamadi N, Mirghafourvand M, Mirica A, Mirinezhad SK, Mirmosayyeb O, Mirutse MK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mirzaei M, Misgana T, Misra S, Mitchell PB, Mithra P, Mittal C, Mittal M, Moazen B, Mohamed AI, Mohamed J, Mohamed MFH, Mohamed NS, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mohammadi S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammad-pour S, Mohammadshahi M, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mojiri-forushani H, Mokdad AH, Mokhtarzadehazar P, Momenzadeh K, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moni MA, Montazeri F, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moradpour F, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreira RS, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mosaddeghi Heris R, Mosser JF, Mossialos E, Mostafavi H, Mostofinejad A, Mougin V, Mouodi S, Mousavi P, Mousavi SE, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Mrejen M, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mueller UO, Mughal F, Mukherjee S, Mukoro GD, Mulita A, Mulita F, Muniyandi M, Munjal K, Musaigwa F, Musallam KM, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Muthupandian S, Myung W, Nabhan AF, Nafukho FM, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Naik G, Naimzada MD, Nair S, Nair TS, Najmuldeen HHR, Naldi L, Nangia V, Nargus S, Nascimento BR, Nascimento GG, Naser AY, Nasiri MJ, Natto ZS, Nauman J, Naveed M, Nayak BP, Nayak VC, Nayyar AK, Nazri-Panjaki A, Negash H, Negero AK, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Nejjari C, Nematollahi MH, Nena E, Nepal S, Nesbit OD, Newton CRJ, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen DH, Nguyen PT, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen VT, Nigatu YT, Nikolouzakis TK, Nikoobar A, Nikpoor AR, Nizam MA, Nomura S, Noreen M, Noroozi N, Norouzian Baghani A, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Novotney A, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Ntsekhe M, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nurrika D, Oancea B, Obamiro KO, Odetokun IA, Ofakunrin AOD, Ogunsakin RE, Oguta JO, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okidi L, Okonji OC, Okwute PG, Olagunju AT, Olaiya MT, Olanipekun TO, Olatubi MI, Olivas-Martinez A, Oliveira GMM, Oliver S, Olorukooba AA, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Oluwafemi YD, Oluwatunase GO, Omar HA, Omer GL, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Onyedibe KI, Opio JN, Ordak M, Orellana ER, Orisakwe OE, Orish VN, Orru H, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Ortiz A, Ortiz-Brizuela E, Ortiz-Prado E, Osuagwu UL, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Ouyahia A, Ouyang G, Owolabi MO, Oyeyemi IT, Oyeyemi OT, Ozten Y, P A MP, Padubidri JR, Pahlavikhah Varnosfaderani M, Pal PK, Palicz T, Palladino C, Palladino R, Palma-Alvarez RF, Pana A, Panahi P, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pando-Robles V, Pangaribuan HU, Panos GD, Pantazopoulos I, Papadopoulou P, Pardhan S, Parikh RR, Park S, Parthasarathi A, Pashaei A, Pasupula DK, Patel JR, Patel SK, Pathan AR, Patil A, Patil S, Patoulias D, Patthipati VS, Paudel U, Pawar S, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pedersini P, Peng M, Pensato U, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira G, Pereira J, Pereira M, Peres MFP, Perianayagam A, Perico N, Petcu IR, Petermann-Rocha FE, Pezzani R, Pham HT, Phillips MR, Pierannunzio D, Pigeolet M, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pinheiro M, Piradov MA, Plakkal N, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Pollner P, Poluru R, Pond CD, Postma MJ, Poudel GR, Poudel L, Pourali G, Pourtaheri N, Prada SI, Pradhan PMS, Prajapati VK, Prakash V, Prasad CP, Prasad M, Prashant A, Prates EJS, Purnobasuki H, Purohit BM, Puvvula J, Qaisar R, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qian G, Quan NK, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan V, Raee P, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafiei Alavi SN, Rafique I, Raggi A, Rahim F, Rahman MM, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahman T, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Rahnavard N, Rai P, Rajaa S, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajput P, Ram P, Ramadan H, Ramasamy SK, Ramazanu S, Rana J, Rana K, Ranabhat CL, Rancic N, Rani S, Ranjan S, Rao CR, Rao IR, Rao M, Rao SJ, Rasali DP, Rasella D, Rashedi S, Rashedi V, Rashid AM, Rasouli-Saravani A, Rastogi P, Rasul A, Ravangard R, Ravikumar N, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Reddy MMRK, Redwan EMM, Rehman FU, Reiner Jr RC, Remuzzi G, Reshmi B, Resnikoff S, Reyes LF, Rezaee M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Riaz MA, Ribeiro AI, Ribeiro DC, Rickard J, Rios-Blancas MJ, Robinson-Oden HE, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Rohilla R, Rohloff P, Romadlon DS, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roshanzamir S, Rostamian M, Roy B, Roy P, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Rwegerera GM, Rynkiewicz A, S M, S N C, S Sunnerhagen K, Saad AMA, Sabbatucci M, Saber K, Saber-Ayad MM, Sacco S, Saddik B, Saddler A, Sadee BA, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Sadeghian S, Saeed U, Saeedi M, Safi S, Sagar R, Saghazadeh A, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sahoo SS, Sahraian MA, Sajedi SA, Sajid MR, Sakshaug JW, Salahi S, Salahi S, Salamati P, Salami AA, Salaroli LB, Saleh MA, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salem MZY, Salimi S, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samara KA, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samuel VP, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanadgol N, Sanganyado E, Sanjeev RK, Sanmarchi F, Sanna F, Santri IN, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarasmita MA, Saravanan A, Saravi B, Sarikhani Y, Sarkar C, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saulam J, Sawyer SM, Saxena S, Saya GK, Sayadi Y, Sayeed A, Sayeed MA, Saylan M, Scarmeas N, Schaarschmidt BM, Schlee W, Schmidt MI, Schuermans A, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Šekerija M, Selvaraj S, Semreen MH, Senapati S, Sengupta P, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serban D, Sertsu A, Sethi Y, SeyedAlinaghi S, Seyedi SA, Shafaat A, Shafaat O, Shafie M, Shafiee A, Shah NS, Shah PA, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahid I, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shakeri A, Shakil H, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamshad H, Shamshirgaran MA, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Shariff M, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma M, Sharma R, Sharma S, Sharma V, Shastry RP, Shavandi A, Shaw DH, Shayan AM, Shehabeldine AME, Sheikh A, Sheikhi RA, Shen J, Shenoy MM, Shetty BSK, Shetty RS, Shey RA, Shiani A, Shibuya K, Shiferaw D, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shool S, Shrestha S, Shuja KH, Shuval K, Si Y, Sibhat MM, Siddig EE, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Silva S, Simões JP, Simpson CR, Singal A, Singh A, Singh A, Singh A, Singh BB, Singh B, Singh M, Singh M, Singh NP, Singh P, Singh S, Siraj MS, Sitas F, Sivakumar S, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sleet DA, Slepak ELN, Sohrabi H, Soleimani H, Soliman SSM, Solmi M, Solomon Y, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spartalis M, Sreeramareddy CT, Starnes JR, Starodubov VI, Starodubova AV, Stefan SC, Stein DJ, Steinbeis F, Steiropoulos P, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Stortecky S, Stranges S, Stroumpoulis K, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sun J, Sunkersing D, Susanty S, Swain CK, Sykes BL, Szarpak L, Szeto MD, Szócska M, Tabaee Damavandi P, Tabatabaei Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabatabai S, Tabb KM, Tabish M, Taborda-Barata LM, Tabuchi T, Tadesse BT, Taheri A, Taheri Abkenar Y, Taheri Soodejani M, Taherkhani A, Taiba J, Tajbakhsh A, Talaat IM, Talukder A, Tamuzi JL, Tan KK, Tang H, Tang HK, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Taveira N, Tebeje TM, Tefera YM, Teimoori M, Temsah MH, Temsah RMH, Teramoto M, Tesfaye SH, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Thapa R, Thapar R, Thomas N, Thrift AG, Thum CCC, Tian J, Tichopad A, Ticoalu JHV, Tiruye TY, Tohidast SA, Tonelli M, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tram KH, Tran NM, Trico D, Trihandini I, Tromans SJ, Truong VT, Truyen TTTT, Tsermpini EE, Tumurkhuu M, Tung K, Tyrovolas S, Ubah CS, Udoakang AJ, Udoh A, Ulhaq I, Ullah S, Ullah S, Umair M, Umar TP, Umeokonkwo CD, Umesh A, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Vacante M, Vahdani AM, Vaithinathan AG, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, Varavikova E, Varga O, Varma SA, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Veerman LJ, Venketasubramanian N, Venugopal D, Verghese NA, Verma M, Verma P, Veroux M, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Vieira RJ, Villafañe JH, Villani L, Villanueva GI, Villeneuve PJ, Violante FS, Visontay R, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollset SE, Volovat SR, Volovici V, Vongpradith A, Vos T, Vujcic IS, Vukovic R, Wado YD, Wafa HA, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang C, Wang D, Wang F, Wang S, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Ward P, Watson S, Weaver MR, Weerakoon KG, Weiss DJ, Weldemariam AH, Wells KM, Wen YF, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Wijeratne T, Wilson S, Wojewodzic MW, Wool EE, Woolf AD, Wu D, Wulandari RD, Xiao H, Xu B, Xu X, Yadav L, Yaghoubi S, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Ye P, Yesera GE, Yesodharan R, Yesuf SA, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yip P, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zadey S, Zadnik V, Zafari N, Zahedi M, Zahid MN, Zahir M, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zakzuk J, Zamagni G, Zaman BA, Zaman SB, Zamora N, Zand R, Zandi M, Zandieh GGZ, Zanghì A, Zare I, Zastrozhin MS, Zeariya MGM, Zeng Y, Zhai C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zhu B, Zhu Z, Ziaeefar P, Zielińska M, Zou Z, Zumla A, Zweck E, Zyoud SH, Lim SS, Murray CJL. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950-2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024; 403:1989-2056. [PMID: 38484753 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020-21 COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. FINDINGS Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5-65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020-21; 5·1% [0·9-9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98-5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50-6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126-137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7-17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8-24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7-51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9-72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0-2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67-8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4-52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0-44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. INTERPRETATION Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mumuni AN, Eyre K, Montalba C, Harrison A, Maharjan S, Botwe F, Garcia MF, Zeraii A, Friedrich MG, Abiodun F, Ntusi NAB, Lim T, Garg R, Umair M, Naniwolo H, Adeleke S, Anosike C, Dako F, Anazodo UC. Scan With Me (SWiM): A train-the-trainer program to upskill MRI personnel in low- and middle- income countries. J Am Coll Radiol 2024:S1546-1440(24)00442-3. [PMID: 38763442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) remains among the poorest in the world. The lack of skilled MRI personnel exacerbates access gaps, reinforcing longstanding health disparities. The SWiM Program aims to sustainably create a network of highly skilled MRI technologists in LMICs who will facilitate the transfer of MRI knowledge and skills to their peers and contribute to implementation of highly valuable imaging protocols for impactful clinical and research use. METHODS The program introduces a case-based curriculum designed using a novel train-the-trainer approach, integrated with peer collaborative learning to upskill practicing MRI technologists in LMICs. The six-week curriculum uses the Teach-Try-Use approach, which combines self-paced didactic lectures covering the basics of MR image acquisition (teach) with hands-on expert-guided scanning experience (try), and implementation of protocols tailored to provide the best possible images on their infrastructures (use). Each program includes research translation skills training using an established advanced MRI technique relevant to LMICs. A pilot program focused on cardiac MRI (CMR) was conducted to assess the program's curriculum, delivery, and evaluation methods. RESULTS Forty-three MRI technologists from 16 LMICs participated in the pilot CMR program and over the course of the training, implemented optimized CMR protocols that reduced acquisition times while improving image quality. The training resources and scanner-specific standardized protocols are published openly for public use on an online repository. In general, at the end of the program, learners reported considerable improvements in CMR knowledge and skills. All respondents to the program evaluation survey agreed to recommend the program to their colleagues, while 87% indicated interest in returning to help train others. DISCUSSION The SWiM Program is the first masterclass in MRI acquisition for practicing imaging technologists in LMICS. The program holds the potential to help reduce disparities in MRI expertise and access. The support of the MRI community, imaging societies, and funding agencies will increase its reach and further its impact in democratizing MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina Eyre
- Courtois CMR Research Group at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cristian Montalba
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Aduluwa Harrison
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Surendra Maharjan
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Francis Botwe
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, University of Sussex, UK
| | | | - Abderrazek Zeraii
- Biophysics department, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Matthias G Friedrich
- Courtois CMR Research Group at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Cardiology and Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa and UCT/SAMRC Extramural Unit on Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases
| | | | - Ria Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geisinger Wyoming Valley Hospital, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Sola Adeleke
- Department of Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chinedum Anosike
- Accuread Radiology, Nigeria Ltd, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Warrington and Halton Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Farouk Dako
- RAD-AID International, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Udunna C Anazodo
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa and UCT/SAMRC Extramural Unit on Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xinxin C, Umair M, Rahman SU, Alraey Y. The potential impact of digital economy on energy poverty in the context of Chinese provinces. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30140. [PMID: 38707298 PMCID: PMC11066400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focused on exploring the impact of the digital economy (DE) on energy poverty (EP) across Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2018, motivated by the critical need to understand how technological advancements in the digital sector influence energy accessibility and sustainability. Conducted against the backdrop of global digital transformation, the research aimed to dissect the nuanced ways in which the DE contributes to mitigating EP, employing dynamic panel threshold and indirect effect models to capture both the direct and nuanced, and intermediate effects of digital progress on energy deprivation. Key findings revealed a significant reduction in EP attributed to the advancements in DE, with the most notable improvements observed in Eastern China where strategic energy policies and management practices enhanced the positive impacts of digitalization. The study highlighted the DE's role in improving energy access, efficiency, and environmental sustainability, although it also pointed out the potential for regressive effects in areas with lower levels of technological advancement. These findings are of substantial value as they offer empirical evidence of the DE's capacity to alleviate EP, underlining the importance of integrating digital strategies into energy policy planning. The research provides critical insights for policymakers, stakeholders in the energy sector, and scholars interested in the synergies between digital innovation and energy security, suggesting that leveraging digital technologies could accelerate efforts towards achieving sustainable energy access and combating energy poverty in China and potentially in other contexts facing similar challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xinxin
- School of Economics & Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Muhammad Umair
- School of Economics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Saeed ur Rahman
- School of Economics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Yasser Alraey
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Umair M, Altaf M, Ahsan T, Bussmann RW, Abbasi AM, Gatasheh MK, Elrobh M. Study of medicinal plants used in ethnoveterinary medical system in riverine areas of Punjab, Pakistan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2024; 20:48. [PMID: 38715115 PMCID: PMC11077875 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of medicinal plants to treat various veterinary illnesses has been practiced for millennia in many civilizations. Punjab is home to a diverse ethnic community, the majority of whom work in dairy farming, agriculture, and allied professions and have indigenous practices of treating animal illnesses using native flora. This study was designed to (1) document and preserve information about the applications of medicinal plant species in ethnoveterinary remedies among inhabitants of Punjab, Pakistan, and (2) identify popular plants for disease treatment by quantitative analysis of the obtained data and to assess the pharmacological relevance of these species. METHODS To collect data from informants (N = 279), questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used. The ethnoveterinary data were analyzed using principal component analysis, relative frequency citation, fidelity level, relative popularity level, and rank order priority. RESULTS A total of 114 plant species utilized in the ethnoveterinary medicinal system were found, which were divided into 56 families and used to treat 16 different illnesses. The Poaceae family, with 16 species, was the most common in the region. The most commonly employed growth form in herbal preparation was herb (49%). The most used part in ethnoveterinary remedies was leaves (35%), while powder was the most commonly used way for preparing ethnoveterinary remedies (51 applications). According to principal component analysis, the most typically used species in the research region were grasses. Five grasses (Arundo donax, Desmostachya bipinnata, Eleusine indica, Hordeum vulgare, and Pennisetum glaucum) showed a 100% FL value when used to treat diuretics, helminthiasis, digestive problems, fever, cough, worm infestation, indigestion, galactagogue, oral infections, and genital prolapse. The maximum value of disease cured level (DCL%) was recorded at 87.6% for endo- and ecto-parasitic ailments in the study area. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that medicinal plants play an important part in satisfying farmers' animal healthcare demands, making it a feasible practice. The study also provides a wealth of knowledge regarding ethnoveterinary methods for further planning and application, providing an option for farmers who cannot afford allopathic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Taswar Ahsan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, P.R. China
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, 0105, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Staatliches Museum Für Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstrasse 14, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environment Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22044, Pakistan.
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elrobh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stirrat T, Martin R, Waller J, Dev A, Umair M. The clinical year dilemma: Examining the stressors and alternatives of pre-radiology training. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024:S0363-0188(24)00088-4. [PMID: 38735792 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Since its reinstatement in 1997, the effectiveness of the clinical year prior to radiology residency has been a contentious topic concerning its role in cultivating skilled radiologists. This review evaluates the limitations of the one-year internship and explores alternative approaches. Utilizing databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, this study identified pertinent articles that aligned with the inclusion criteria for post-graduate year 1 (PGY-1) training before radiology residency. Through a qualitative analysis of the literature, the review identifies prevalent themes concerning the drawbacks of the preliminary clinical year and potential alternative strategies. Many current trainees express skepticism about the value of the clinical year, noting a disconnect between its generalist nature and the specialized demands of subsequent radiology training. Interns felt uncertain about radiology exam indications and found radiology departments to be unapproachable, reflecting the need for alternative educational strategies to improve the preparedness and confidence of radiology interns as they transition from academic environments to clinical practice. The preparatory clinical year prior to entering radiology residency presents a mix of utility, along with alternative approaches to structuring this year. These alternatives include incorporating it into the undergraduate medical curriculum, restructuring or designing radiology-focused clinical years, and reevaluating the overall effectiveness of the clinical year in training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arvind Dev
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Umair M, Walsh TR, Mohsin M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of carbapenem resistance and its possible treatment options with focus on clinical Enterobacteriaceae: Thirty years of development in Pakistan. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28052. [PMID: 38596009 PMCID: PMC11001782 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carbapenem resistance is epidemic worldwide, these last resort antimicrobials are listed in the WHO 'watch group' with higher resistance potential. During the years 2017-18 Pakistan Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System reported an increase in carbapenem resistance. However, a comprehensive information on prevalence and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in Pakistan is not available. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed to report the current carbapenem resistance situation in Pakistan and its treatment options. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the pooled prevalence (PPr) of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae by organizing available data, from Web of Science and PubMed by April 2, 2020, in various groups and subgroups including species, years, provinces, extended spectrum β-lactamase production, clinical presentation, carbapenemase and metallo-β-lactamase production, and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) prevalence. Literature review was updated for the studies publisehd by December 07, 2023. Moreover, we descriptively reviewed the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistan. Lastly, we statistically explored different treatment options available for carbapenem resistant infections. We used R package 'metafor' for performing meta-analysis and influence diagnostics and determining treatment options. Results From two academic databases Web of Science and PubMed we identified 343 studies. Eighty-eight studies were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Seventy-four studies were selected for phenotypic analysis, 36 for genotypic analysis, and 31 for available treatment options. PPr-ID of 12% [0.12 (0.07, 0.16)] was observed for phenotypic carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae with more prevalence recorded in Klebsiella pneumoniae 24% [0.24 (0.05, 0.44)] followed by 9% [0.09 (-0.03, 0.20)] in Escherichia coli. During the last two decades we observed a striking increase in carbapenem resistance PPr i.e., from 0% [0.00 (-0.02, 0.03)] to 36% [0.36 (0.17, 0.56)]. blaNDM with PPr 15% [0.15 (0.06, 0.23)] in naive isolates was found to be the fundamental genetic determinant for carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistan. Polymyxin B, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin were identified as the suggested treatment options available for multidrug resistant infections not responding to carbapenems. Various studies reported carbapenem resistance from human, animal, and environment sources. Conclusion In conclusion, we found that NDM-1 producing carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae are increasing in Pakistan. Meta-analysis showed that metallo-β-lactamases producing E. coli ST405 and K. pneumoniae sequence type11 are the major resistant clones. Number of reported studies in various subgroups and inconsistency in following CLSI guidelines are the potential limitations of this meta-analysis. A National antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance strategy based on One Health is urgently needed to check any future AMR crisis in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Timothy R. Walsh
- INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Husain RA, Jiao X, Hennings JC, Giesecke J, Palsule G, Beck-Wödl S, Osmanović D, Bjørgo K, Mir A, Ilyas M, Abbasi SM, Efthymiou S, Dominik N, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Rankin J, Pagnamenta AT, Nashabat M, Altwaijri W, Alfadhel M, Umair M, Khouj E, Reardon W, El-Hattab AW, Mekki M, Houge G, Beetz C, Bauer P, Putoux A, Lesca G, Sanlaville D, Alkuraya FS, Taylor RW, Mentzel HJ, Hübner CA, Huppke P, Hart RP, Haack TB, Kiledjian M, Rubio I. Biallelic NUDT2 variants defective in mRNA decapping cause a neurodevelopmental disease. Brain 2024; 147:1197-1205. [PMID: 38141063 PMCID: PMC10994549 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional RNA processing caused by genetic defects in RNA processing enzymes has a profound impact on the nervous system, resulting in neurodevelopmental conditions. We characterized a recessive neurological disorder in 18 children and young adults from 10 independent families typified by intellectual disability, motor developmental delay and gait disturbance. In some patients peripheral neuropathy, corpus callosum abnormalities and progressive basal ganglia deposits were present. The disorder is associated with rare variants in NUDT2, a mRNA decapping and Ap4A hydrolysing enzyme, including novel missense and in-frame deletion variants. We show that these NUDT2 variants lead to a marked loss of enzymatic activity, strongly implicating loss of NUDT2 function as the cause of the disorder. NUDT2-deficient patient fibroblasts exhibit a markedly altered transcriptome, accompanied by changes in mRNA half-life and stability. Amongst the most up-regulated mRNAs in NUDT2-deficient cells, we identified host response and interferon-responsive genes. Importantly, add-back experiments using an Ap4A hydrolase defective in mRNA decapping highlighted loss of NUDT2 decapping as the activity implicated in altered mRNA homeostasis. Our results confirm that reduction or loss of NUDT2 hydrolase activity is associated with a neurological disease, highlighting the importance of a physiologically balanced mRNA processing machinery for neuronal development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf A Husain
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Xinfu Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Jan Giesecke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Geeta Palsule
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Stefanie Beck-Wödl
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dina Osmanović
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrine Bjørgo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Asif Mir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saad M Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Natalia Dominik
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Julia Rankin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon University Hospital, Exeter, EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Marwan Nashabat
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Altwaijri
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology Division, King Abdullah Specialist Children’s Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtissal Khouj
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ayman W El-Hattab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Sharjah, 72772, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Mekki
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Sharjah, 72772, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gunnar Houge
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Audrey Putoux
- Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, 69677 Bron Cedex, France
- Équipe GENDEV, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, 69677 Bron Cedex, France
- Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement, 69677 Bron Cedex, France
- Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Hans-Joachim Mentzel
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Section of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Huppke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Megerditch Kiledjian
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Member of the Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kassabian B, Levy AM, Gardella E, Aledo-Serrano A, Ananth AL, Brea-Fernández AJ, Caumes R, Chatron N, Dainelli A, De Wachter M, Denommé-Pichon AS, Dye TJ, Fazzi E, Felt R, Fernández-Jaén A, Fernández-Prieto M, Gantz E, Gasperowicz P, Gil-Nagel A, Gómez-Andrés D, Greiner HM, Guerrini R, Haanpää MK, Helin M, Hoyer J, Hurst ACE, Kallish S, Karkare SN, Khan A, Kleinendorst L, Koch J, Kothare SV, Koudijs SM, Lagae L, Lakeman P, Leppig KA, Lesca G, Lopergolo D, Lusk L, Mackenzie A, Mei D, Møller RS, Pereira EM, Platzer K, Quelin C, Revah-Politi A, Rheims S, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Rossi A, Santorelli F, Seinfeld S, Sell E, Stephenson D, Szczaluba K, Trinka E, Umair M, Van Esch H, van Haelst MM, Veenma DCM, Weber S, Weckhuysen S, Zacher P, Tümer Z, Rubboli G. Developmental epileptic encephalopathy in DLG4-related synaptopathy. Epilepsia 2024; 65:1029-1045. [PMID: 38135915 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The postsynaptic density protein of excitatory neurons PSD-95 is encoded by discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 (DLG4), de novo pathogenic variants of which lead to DLG4-related synaptopathy. The major clinical features are developmental delay, intellectual disability (ID), hypotonia, sleep disturbances, movement disorders, and epilepsy. Even though epilepsy is present in 50% of the individuals, it has not been investigated in detail. We describe here the phenotypic spectrum of epilepsy and associated comorbidities in patients with DLG4-related synaptopathy. METHODS We included 35 individuals with a DLG4 variant and epilepsy as part of a multicenter study. The DLG4 variants were detected by the referring laboratories. The degree of ID, hypotonia, developmental delay, and motor disturbances were evaluated by the referring clinician. Data on awake and sleep electroencephalography (EEG) and/or video-polygraphy and brain magnetic resonance imaging were collected. Antiseizure medication response was retrospectively assessed by the referring clinician. RESULTS A large variety of seizure types was reported, although focal seizures were the most common. Encephalopathy related to status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES)/developmental epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation during sleep (DEE-SWAS) was diagnosed in >25% of the individuals. All but one individual presented with neurodevelopmental delay. Regression in verbal and/or motor domains was observed in all individuals who suffered from ESES/DEE-SWAS, as well as some who did not. We could not identify a clear genotype-phenotype relationship even between individuals with the same DLG4 variants. SIGNIFICANCE Our study shows that a subgroup of individuals with DLG4-related synaptopathy have DEE, and approximately one fourth of them have ESES/DEE-SWAS. Our study confirms DEE as part of the DLG4-related phenotypic spectrum. Occurrence of ESES/DEE-SWAS in DLG4-related synaptopathy requires proper investigation with sleep EEG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Kassabian
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Precision Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Amanda M Levy
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Gardella
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Precision Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Angel Aledo-Serrano
- Epilepsy and Neurogenetics Unit, Vithas la Milagrosa University Hospital, Vithas Hospital Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amitha L Ananth
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alejandro J Brea-Fernández
- Grupo de Genómica y Bioinformática, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERER-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Genética, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Nicolas Chatron
- Service de Genetique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Centre National de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5261- L'Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1315, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Dainelli
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Florence, Italy
| | - Matthias De Wachter
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine TRANSLationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (FHU-TRANSLAD), Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
- L'Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine TRANSLationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (FHU-TRANSLAD), University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas J Dye
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roxanne Felt
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Permanente Bellevue Medical Center, Bellevue, Washington, USA
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics Section, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Fernández-Prieto
- Grupo de Genómica y Bioinformática, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERER-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Genética, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emily Gantz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Piotr Gasperowicz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- Neurology Department, Epilepsy Program, Ruber Internacional Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria K Haanpää
- Department of Genomics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Minttu Helin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juliane Hoyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Institute of Human Genetics, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna C E Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Staci Kallish
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shefali N Karkare
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lotte Kleinendorst
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Koch
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sanjeev V Kothare
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Suzanna M Koudijs
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erfelijke Neuro-Cognitieve Ontwikkelingsstoornissen, Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center (ENCORE)-GRIN Expertise Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Paediatric Neurology, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathleen A Leppig
- Genetic Services, Kaiser Permanente of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Service de Genetique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Centre National de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 5261- L'Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1315, Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Diego Lopergolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laina Lusk
- Division of Neurology, Epilepsy Neurogenetics Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex Mackenzie
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Davide Mei
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Florence, Italy
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Precision Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elaine M Pereira
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chloe Quelin
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Anya Revah-Politi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sylvain Rheims
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Syndi Seinfeld
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - Erick Sell
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Stephenson
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Krzysztof Szczaluba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center of Excellence for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Neurointensive Care and Neurorehabilitation, Christian Doppler University Hospital, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle C M Veenma
- Erfelijke Neuro-Cognitieve Ontwikkelingsstoornissen, Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center (ENCORE)-GRIN Expertise Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center (MC)-Sophia Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Weber
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Applied and Translational Neurogenomics Group, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pia Zacher
- Center for Adults with Disability (MZEB), Epilepsy Center Kleinwachau, Radeberg, Germany
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Precision Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ali S, Basit A, Ali S, Umair M, Makanda TA, Shaik MR, Khan M. Study loss of vegetative cover and increased land surface temperature through remote sensing strategies under the inter-annual climate variability in Jinhua-Quzhou basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:28950-28966. [PMID: 38564132 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The Jinhua-Quzhou basin in China is one of the most susceptible areas to drought. Due to the loss of vegetation and great fluctuations in rainfall and surface temperature, global warming occurs. Timely, accurate, and effective drought monitoring is crucial for protecting local vegetation and determining which vegetation is most vulnerable to increased LST during the period 1982-2019. It assumes a strong correlation between loss of vegetation cover, changes in monsoon climate, drought, and increases in land surface temperature (LST). Due to significantly increased in LST, low precipitation and vegetation cover, NDVI, TVDI, VCI, and NAP are useful in characterizing drought mitigation strategies. The temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI), and monthly precipitation anomaly percentage (NAP) can be helped to characterize drought reduction strategies. Monthly NDVI, NAP, VCI, TVDI, normalized vegetation supply water index (NVSWI), temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation health index (VHI), and heat map analysis indicate that the Jinhua-Quzhou basin experienced drought during 1984, 1993, 2000, and 2011. Seasonal SR, WVP, WS, NDVI, VCI, and NAP charts confirm that the Jinhua-Quzhou basin was affected by severe drought in 1984, which continued and led to severe droughts in 1993, 2000, and 2011. Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between NDVI, TVDI, VCI, and NAP values, while NVSWI, TVDI, and VHI showed positive signs of good drought monitoring strategies. The research results confirm the correlation between loss of vegetation cover and LST, which is one of the causes of global warming. The distribution of drought changed a trend indicating that compared with the Jinhua region; the Quzhou region has more droughts. The changing trend of drought has characteristics from 1982 to 2019, and there are significant differences in drought changing trends between different Jinhua-Quzhou basin areas. Overall, from 1982 to 2019, the frequency of drought showed a downward trend. We believe that these results will provide useful tools for drought management plans and play a relevant role in mitigating the effects of drought and protecting humanity from climate hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Abdul Basit
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Tyan Alice Makanda
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujeeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Steinmetz JD, Seeher KM, Schiess N, Nichols E, Cao B, Servili C, Cavallera V, Cousin E, Hagins H, Moberg ME, Mehlman ML, Abate YH, Abbas J, Abbasi MA, Abbasian M, Abbastabar H, Abdelmasseh M, Abdollahi M, Abdollahi M, Abdollahifar MA, Abd-Rabu R, Abdulah DM, Abdullahi A, Abedi A, Abedi V, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Abidi H, Abiodun O, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Aboyans V, Abrha WA, Abualhasan A, Abu-Gharbieh E, Aburuz S, Adamu LH, Addo IY, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adekiya TA, Adikusuma W, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afework T, Afolabi AA, Afraz A, Afzal S, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad S, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed JQ, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Aji B, Ajumobi O, Akade SE, Akbari M, Akbarialiabad H, Akhlaghi S, Akinosoglou K, Akinyemi RO, Akonde M, Al Hasan SM, Alahdab F, AL-Ahdal TMA, Al-amer RM, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh MT, Aldawsari KA, Alemi H, Alemi S, Algammal AM, Al-Gheethi AAS, Alhalaiqa FAN, Alhassan RK, Ali A, Ali EA, Ali L, Ali MU, Ali MM, Ali R, Ali S, Ali SSS, Ali Z, Alif SM, Alimohamadi Y, Aliyi AA, Aljofan M, Aljunid SM, Alladi S, Almazan JU, Almustanyir S, Al-Omari B, Alqahtani JS, Alqasmi I, Alqutaibi AY, Al-Shahi Salman R, Altaany Z, Al-Tawfiq JA, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Aly S, Alzoubi KH, Amani R, Amindarolzarbi A, Amiri S, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Amu H, Amugsi DA, Amusa GA, Amzat J, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson DB, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Angappan D, Angesom TW, Anil A, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anwer R, Arafat M, Aravkin AY, Areda D, Ariffin H, Arifin H, Arkew M, Ärnlöv J, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Artanti KD, Aruleba RT, Asadi-Pooya AA, Asena TF, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf M, Ashraf T, Atalell KA, Athari SS, Atinafu BTT, Atorkey P, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Avan A, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayatollahi H, Ayinde OO, Ayyoubzadeh SM, Azadnajafabad S, Azizi Z, Azizian K, Azzam AY, Babaei M, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghdadi S, Bagherieh S, Bai R, Baig AA, Balakrishnan S, Balalla S, Baltatu OC, Banach M, Bandyopadhyay S, Banerjee I, Baran MF, Barboza MA, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrow A, Bashash D, Bashiri H, Bashiru HA, Basiru A, Basso JD, Basu S, Batiha AMM, Batra K, Baune BT, Bedi N, Begde A, Begum T, Behnam B, Behnoush AH, Beiranvand M, Béjot Y, Bekele A, Belete MA, Belgaumi UI, Bemanalizadeh M, Bender RG, Benfor B, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berice B, Bettencourt PJG, Beyene KA, Bhadra A, Bhagat DS, Bhangdia K, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhargava A, Bhaskar S, Bhat AN, Bhat V, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS, Bhatti R, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bilalaga MM, Biswas A, Bitaraf S, Bitra VR, Bjørge T, Bodolica V, Bodunrin AO, Boloor A, Braithwaite D, Brayne C, Brenner H, Briko A, Bringas Vega ML, Brown J, Budke CM, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Burns RA, Bustanji Y, Butt MH, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Cabral LS, Caetano dos Santos FL, Calina D, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao C, Carabin H, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carvalho AF, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Casulli A, Catalá-López F, Catapano AL, Caye A, Cegolon L, Cenderadewi M, Cerin E, Chacón-Uscamaita PRU, Chan JSK, Chanie GS, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chekol Abebe E, Chen H, Chen J, Chi G, Chichagi F, Chidambaram SB, Chimoriya R, Ching PR, Chitheer A, Chong YY, Chopra H, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury EK, Chowdhury R, Christensen H, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Coberly K, Columbus A, Comachio J, Conde J, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Couto RAS, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Dabbagh Ohadi MA, Dadana S, Dadras O, Dai X, Dai Z, D'Amico E, Danawi HA, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwish AH, Das S, Das S, Dascalu AM, Dash NR, Dashti M, De la Hoz FP, de la Torre-Luque A, De Leo D, Dean FE, Dehghan A, Dehghan A, Dejene H, Demant D, Demetriades AK, Demissie S, Deng X, Desai HD, Devanbu VGC, Dhama K, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dibas M, Ding DD, Dinu M, Dirac MA, Diress M, Do TC, Do THP, Doan KDK, Dodangeh M, Doheim MF, Dokova KG, Dongarwar D, Dsouza HL, Dube J, Duraisamy S, Durojaiye OC, Dutta S, Dziedzic AM, Edinur HA, Eissazade N, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Nahas N, El Sayed I, Elahi Najafi MA, Elbarazi I, Elemam NM, Elgar FJ, Elgendy IY, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, Elilo LT, Ellenbogen RG, Elmeligy OAA, Elmonem MA, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Emamverdi M, Emeto TI, Endres M, Esezobor CI, Eskandarieh S, Fadaei A, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahim A, Faramarzi A, Fares J, Farjoud Kouhanjani M, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fatehizadeh A, Fathi M, Fathi S, Fatima SAF, Feizkhah A, Fereshtehnejad SM, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira N, Fetensa G, Firouraghi N, Fischer F, Fonseca AC, Force LM, Fornari A, Foroutan B, Fukumoto T, Gadanya MA, Gaidhane AM, Galali Y, Galehdar N, Gan Q, Gandhi AP, Ganesan B, Gardner WM, Garg N, Gau SY, Gautam RK, Gebre T, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremeskel GG, Gebreslassie HG, Getacher L, Ghaderi Yazdi B, Ghadirian F, Ghaffarpasand F, Ghanbari R, Ghasemi M, Ghazy RM, Ghimire S, Gholami A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghotbi E, Ghozy S, Gialluisi A, Gill PS, Glasstetter LM, Gnedovskaya EV, Golchin A, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gomes-Neto M, Goulart AC, Goyal A, Gray RJ, Grivna M, Guadie HA, Guan B, Guarducci G, Guicciardi S, Gunawardane DA, Guo H, Gupta B, Gupta R, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Habibzadeh F, Hachinski V, Haddadi R, Hadei M, Hadi NR, Haep N, Haile TG, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall BJ, Halwani R, Hameed S, Hamiduzzaman M, Hammoud A, Han H, Hanifi N, Hankey GJ, Hannan MA, Hao J, Harapan H, Hareru HE, Hargono A, Harlianto NI, Haro JM, Hartman NN, Hasaballah AI, Hasan F, Hasani H, Hasanian M, Hassan A, Hassan S, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hassen MB, Haubold J, Hay SI, Hayat K, Hegazy MI, Heidari G, Heidari M, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Hesami H, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Hoffman HJ, Holla R, Hopf KP, Horita N, Hossain MM, Hossain MB, Hossain S, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc S, Hu C, Huang J, Huda MN, Hussain J, Hussein NR, Huynh HH, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ilaghi M, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Iravanpour F, Islam SMS, Ismail F, Iso H, Isola G, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Iyer M, Jaan A, Jacob L, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafari M, Jafarinia M, Jafarzadeh A, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jamora RDG, Jana S, Javadi N, Javed S, Javeed S, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jiang H, Johnson CO, Johnson WD, Jokar M, Jonas JB, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kabito GG, Kadashetti V, Kafi F, Kalani R, Kalantar F, Kaliyadan F, Kamath A, Kamath S, Kanchan T, Kandel A, Kandel H, Kanmodi KK, Karajizadeh M, Karami J, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Karch A, Karimi A, Karimi H, Karimi Behnagh A, Kasraei H, Kassebaum NJ, Kauppila JH, Kaur H, Kaur N, Kayode GA, Kazemi F, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keller C, Keykhaei M, Khadembashiri MA, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khamesipour F, Khammarnia M, Khan M, Khan MAB, Khan YH, Khan Suheb MZ, Khanmohammadi S, Khanna T, Khatab K, Khatatbeh H, Khatatbeh MM, Khateri S, Khatib MN, Khayat Kashani HR, Khonji MS, khorashadizadeh F, Khormali M, Khubchandani J, Kian S, Kim G, Kim J, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kivimäki M, Kochhar S, Kolahi AA, Koly KN, Kompani F, Koroshetz WJ, Kosen S, Kourosh Arami M, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy V, Kuate Defo B, Kuddus MA, Kumar A, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kumsa NB, Kundu S, Kurniasari MD, Kusuma D, Kuttikkattu A, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Ladan MA, Lahariya C, Laksono T, Lal DK, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lami FH, Landires I, Langguth B, Lasrado S, Latief K, Latifinaibin K, Lau KMM, Laurens MB, Lawal BK, Le LKD, Le TTT, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, Leonardi M, Lerango TL, Li MC, Li W, Ligade VS, Lim SS, Linehan C, Liu C, Liu J, Liu W, Lo CH, Lo WD, Lobo SW, Logroscino G, Lopes G, Lopukhov PD, Lorenzovici L, Lorkowski S, Loureiro JA, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lutzky Saute R, Ma ZF, Mabrok M, Machoy M, Madadizadeh F, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Maghazachi AA, Maghbouli N, Mahjoub S, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Malagón-Rojas JN, Malakan Rad E, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Mallhi TH, Malta DC, Manilal A, Mansouri V, Mansournia MA, Marasini BP, Marateb HR, Maroufi SF, Martinez-Raga J, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, März W, Marzo RR, Massano J, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathews E, Maude RJ, Maugeri A, Maulik PK, Mayeli M, Mazaheri M, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, Meena JK, Mehndiratta MM, Mendez-Lopez MAM, Mendoza W, Mendoza-Cano O, Menezes RG, Merati M, Meretoja A, Merkin A, Mersha AM, Mestrovic T, Mi T, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Mihretie ET, Minh LHN, Mirfakhraie R, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei M, Misganaw A, Misra S, Mithra P, Mizana BA, Mohamadkhani A, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi S, Mohammadi S, Mohammadshahi M, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mohan S, Mojiri-forushani H, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molinaro S, Möller H, Monasta L, Moniruzzaman M, Montazeri F, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mossialos E, Motaghinejad M, Mousavi P, Mousavi SE, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mughal F, Mukoro GD, Mulita A, Mulita F, Musaigwa F, Mustafa A, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Nainu F, Nair TS, Najmuldeen HHR, Nakhostin Ansari N, Nambi G, Namdar Areshtanab H, Nargus S, Nascimento BR, Naser AY, Nashwan AJJ, Nasoori H, Nasreldein A, Natto ZS, Nauman J, Nayak BP, Nazri-Panjaki A, Negaresh M, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Nematollahi MH, Nesbit OD, Newton CRJ, Nguyen DH, Nguyen HTH, Nguyen HQ, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen PT, Nguyen VT, Niazi RK, Nikolouzakis TK, Niranjan V, Nnyanzi LA, Noman EA, Noroozi N, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nurrika D, Oancea B, Odetokun IA, O'Donnell MJ, Ogunsakin RE, Oguta JO, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Okwute PG, Olagunju AT, Olaiya MT, Olana MD, Olatubi MI, Oliveira GMM, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Omar Bali A, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Ordak M, Orji AU, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Osuagwu UL, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Ouyahia A, Owolabi MO, P A MP, Pacheco-Barrios K, Padubidri JR, Pal PK, Palange PN, Palladino C, Palladino R, Palma-Alvarez RF, Pan F, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pandey A, Pandian JD, Pangaribuan HU, Pantazopoulos I, Pardhan S, Parija PP, Parikh RR, Park S, Parthasarathi A, Pashaei A, Patel J, Patil S, Patoulias D, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Pensato U, Pereira DM, Pereira J, Pereira MO, Peres MFP, Perico N, Perna S, Petcu IR, Petermann-Rocha FE, Pham HT, Phillips MR, Pinilla-Monsalve GD, Piradov MA, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Polat B, Poluru R, Pond CD, Poudel GR, Pouramini A, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Pourfridoni M, Pourtaheri N, Prakash PY, Prakash S, Prakash V, Prates EJS, Pritchett N, Purnobasuki H, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qian G, Radhakrishnan V, Raee P, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafique I, Raggi A, Raghav PR, Rahati MM, Rahim F, Rahimi Z, Rahimifard M, Rahman MO, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Rahmani Youshanlouei H, Rahmati M, Raj Moolambally S, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Ramadan H, Ramasamy SK, Ramasubramani P, Ramazanu S, Rancic N, Rao IR, Rao SJ, Rapaka D, Rashedi V, Rashid AM, Rashidi MM, Rashidi Alavijeh M, Rasouli-Saravani A, Rawaf S, Razo C, Redwan EMM, Rekabi Bana A, Remuzzi G, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rhee TG, Riad A, Robinson SR, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Rogowski ELB, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roy P, Roy Pramanik K, Rubagotti E, Ruiz MA, Russ TC, S Sunnerhagen K, Saad AMA, Saadatian Z, Saber K, SaberiKamarposhti M, Sacco S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghian S, Saeed U, Saeed U, Safdarian M, Safi SZ, Sagar R, Sagoe D, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sahebkar A, Sahoo SS, Sahraian MA, Sajedi SA, Sakshaug JW, Saleh MA, Salehi Omran H, Salem MR, Salimi S, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samuel VP, Samy AM, Sanadgol N, Sanjeev RK, Sanmarchi F, Santomauro DF, Santri IN, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saravanan A, Sarveazad A, Satpathy M, Saylan M, Sayyah M, Scarmeas N, Schlaich MP, Schuermans A, Schwarzinger M, Schwebel DC, Selvaraj S, Sendekie AK, Sengupta P, Senthilkumaran S, Serban D, Sergindo MT, Sethi Y, SeyedAlinaghi S, Seylani A, Shabani M, Shabany M, Shafie M, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahid S, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Shahsavari HR, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shaji KS, Sham S, Shama ATT, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Sharath M, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Sharma M, Sharma R, Shashamo BB, Shayan M, Sheikhi RA, Shekhar S, Shen J, Shenoy SM, Shetty PH, Shiferaw DS, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shittu A, Shivakumar KM, Shokri F, Shool S, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Siankam Tankwanchi AB, Siddig EE, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Sinaei E, Singh BB, Singh G, Singh P, Singh S, Sirota SB, Sivakumar S, Sohag AAM, Solanki R, Soleimani H, Solikhah S, Solomon Y, Solomon Y, Song S, Song Y, Sotoudeh H, Spartalis M, Stark BA, Starnes JR, Starodubova AV, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sun J, Sunkersing D, Sunny A, Susianti H, Swain CK, Szeto MD, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabatabai S, Tabish M, Taheri M, Tahvildari A, Tajbakhsh A, Tampa M, Tamuzi JJLL, Tan KK, Tang H, Tareke M, Tarigan IU, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Tavasol A, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temesgen WA, Temsah MH, Teramoto M, Tesfaye AH, Tesfaye EG, Tesler R, Thakali O, Thangaraju P, Thapa R, Thapar R, Thomas NK, Thrift AG, Ticoalu JHV, Tillawi T, Toghroli R, Tonelli M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran NM, Tran NH, Tran PV, Tromans SJ, Truelsen TC, Truyen TTTT, Tsatsakis A, Tsegay GM, Tsermpini EE, Tualeka AR, Tufa DG, Ubah CS, Udoakang AJ, Ulhaq I, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Umapathi KK, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Vaithinathan AG, Vakilian A, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Vaziri S, Vellingiri B, Venketasubramanian N, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Villafañe JH, Villani L, Vinueza Veloz AF, Viskadourou M, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov V, Volovat SR, Vu LT, Vujcic IS, Wagaye B, Waheed Y, Wahood W, Walde MT, Wang F, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Waqas M, Waris A, Weerakoon KG, Weintraub RG, Weldemariam AH, Westerman R, Whisnant JL, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Willekens B, Wilner LB, Winkler AS, Wolfe CDA, Wu AM, Wulf Hanson S, Xu S, Xu X, Yadollahpour A, Yaghoubi S, Yahya G, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Yehualashet SS, Yeshaneh A, Yesiltepe M, Yi S, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yu C, Yusuf H, Zadey S, Zahedi M, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zali A, Zamagni G, Zand R, Zandieh GGZ, Zangiabadian M, Zarghami A, Zastrozhin MS, Zeariya MGM, Zegeye ZB, Zeukeng F, Zhai C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhou H, Zhu B, Zhumagaliuly A, Zielińska M, Zikarg YT, Zoladl M, Murray CJL, Ong KL, Feigin VL, Vos T, Dua T. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:344-381. [PMID: 38493795 PMCID: PMC10949203 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. METHODS We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. FINDINGS Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378-521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20-3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5-45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7-26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6-38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5-32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7-2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. INTERPRETATION As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi H, Umair M. Balancing agricultural production and environmental sustainability: Based on Economic Analysis From North China Plain. Environ Res 2024; 252:118784. [PMID: 38555984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The escalating trend of greenhouse gas emissions presents a dual threat to both food security and the exacerbation of global warming. Addressing this pressing issue demands concerted efforts on local and global scales to champion sustainable food production and foster environmental benefits. In 2015, a pivotal field experiment was conducted in the North China Plain, aiming to delineate the intricate balance between agricultural productivity and environmental stewardship. This study comprised eight meticulously designed treatments, incorporating two key components: the evaluation of economic and environmental parameters encompassing carbon footprint, energy consumption, and the carbon sustainability index. Notably, while the carbon sustainability index exhibited improvement, it also revealed a 9.4% increase in emissions compared to the baseline, underscoring the nuanced trade-offs involved. The findings underscored the efficacy of no-tillage (NT) practices coupled with soybean-based crop rotation, mitigating yield reduction compared to conventional tillage (RT). However, the optimal yield was observed in the RT-MW treatment, amalgamating conventional tillage with minimum tillage practices. Moreover, despite the higher cost associated with soybeans relative to milled wheat, their cultivation yielded a notable increase in net income. These compelling results advocate for the adoption of conservation agriculture as a means to optimize the delicate equilibrium between environmental preservation and economic prosperity. Furthermore, the study underscores the imperative for further research endeavors aimed at devising highly productive agricultural systems that seamlessly integrate environmental sustainability with economic viability, echoing the crucial insights gleaned from analogous contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Shi
- School of Business, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000,China.
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Economics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Umair M, Hidayat NM, Sukri Ahmad A, Nik Ali NH, Mawardi MIM, Abdullah E. A renewable approach to electric vehicle charging through solar energy storage. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297376. [PMID: 38422065 PMCID: PMC10903804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing novel EV chargers is crucial for accelerating Electric Vehicle (EV) adoption, mitigating range anxiety, and fostering technological advancements that enhance charging efficiency and grid integration. These advancements address current challenges and contribute to a more sustainable and convenient future of electric mobility. This paper explores the performance dynamics of a solar-integrated charging system. It outlines a simulation study on harnessing solar energy as the primary Direct Current (DC) EV charging source. The approach incorporates an Energy Storage System (ESS) to address solar intermittencies and mitigate photovoltaic (PV) mismatch losses. Executed through MATLAB, the system integrates key components, including solar PV panels, the ESS, a DC charger, and an EV battery. The study finds that a change in solar irradiance from 400 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 resulted in a substantial 47% increase in the output power of the solar PV system. Simultaneously, the ESS shows a 38% boost in output power under similar conditions, with the assessments conducted at a room temperature of 25°C. The results emphasize that optimal solar panel placement with higher irradiance levels is essential to leverage integrated solar energy EV chargers. The research also illuminates the positive correlation between elevated irradiance levels and the EV battery's State of Charge (SOC). This correlation underscores the efficiency gains achievable through enhanced solar power absorption, facilitating more effective and expedited EV charging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Battery Energy Storage Technology Laboratory (BEST), College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nabil M. Hidayat
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Battery Energy Storage Technology Laboratory (BEST), College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Sukri Ahmad
- Petronas Research Sdn. Bhd., Bangi Government and Private Training Centre Area, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Hakimi Nik Ali
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. I. Mohd Mawardi
- Battery Energy Storage Technology Laboratory (BEST), College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezmin Abdullah
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Noor RS, Shah AN, Tahir MB, Umair M, Nawaz M, Ali A, Ercisli S, Abdelsalam NR, Ali HM, Yang SH, Ullah S, Assiri MA. Recent Trends and Advances in Additive-Mediated Composting Technology for Agricultural Waste Resources: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Omega 2024; 9:8632-8653. [PMID: 38434807 PMCID: PMC10905604 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture waste has increased annually due to the global food demand and intensive animal production. Preventing environmental degradation requires fast and effective agricultural waste treatment. Aerobic digestion or composting uses agricultural wastes to create a stabilized and sterilized organic fertilizer and reduces chemical fertilizer input. Indeed, conventional composting technology requires a large surface area, a long fermentation period, significant malodorous emissions, inferior product quality, and little demand for poor end results. Conventional composting loses a lot of organic nitrogen and carbon. Thus, this comprehensive research examined sustainable and adaptable methods for improving agricultural waste composting efficiency. This review summarizes composting processes and examines how compost additives affect organic solid waste composting and product quality. Our findings indicate that additives have an impact on the composting process by influencing variables including temperature, pH, and moisture. Compost additive amendment could dramatically reduce gas emissions and mineral ion mobility. Composting additives can (1) improve the physicochemical composition of the compost mixture, (2) accelerate organic material disintegration and increase microbial activity, (3) reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions to reduce nitrogen (N) losses, and (4) retain compost nutrients to increase soil nutrient content, maturity, and phytotoxicity. This essay concluded with a brief summary of compost maturity, which is essential before using it as an organic fertilizer. This work will add to agricultural waste composting technology literature. To increase the sustainability of agricultural waste resource utilization, composting strategies must be locally optimized and involve the created amendments in a circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shahzad Noor
- Department
of Agriculture, Biological, Environment and Energy Engineering, College
of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Faculty
of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department
of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed
University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Tahir
- Institute
of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Faculty
of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department
of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed
University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amjed Ali
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural
Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Assiri
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alhaj Hamoud Y, Shaghaleh H, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Rizwan M, Umair M, Usman M, Ayub MA, Riaz U, Alnusairi GS, Alghanem SMS. Cadmium and lead accumulation in important food crops due to wastewater irrigation: Pollution index and health risks assessment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24712. [PMID: 38317992 PMCID: PMC10838743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The contamination of farm soils with heavy metals (HMs) has raised significant concerns due to the increased bioavailability and accumulation of HMs in agricultural food crops. To address this issue, a survey experiment was conducted in the suburbs of Multan and Faisalabad to investigate the spatial distribution, bioaccumulation, translocation, and health risks of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in agricultural crops. The results show a considerable concentration of Cd and Pb in soils irrigated with wastewater, even though these levels were below the permissible limits in water and soil matrices. The pollution index for Cd was mostly greater than 1 at the selected sites, indicating its accumulation in soil over time due to wastewater irrigation. Conversely, the pollution index for Pb was below 1 at all sites. Among the plants, Zea mays accumulated the highest concentration of Cd and Pb. The translocation factor from soil to root was highest for Brassica olearecea (7.037 for Cd) and Zea mays (6.383 for Pb). The target hazard quotient (THQ) value of Cd exceeded the non-carcinogenic limit for most vegetables. The highest value was found in Allium cepa (5.256) and the lowest in Allium sativum (0.040). In contrast, the THQ level of Pb was below the non-carcinogenic limit for most vegetables, except for Allium cepa (1.479), Solanum lycopersicum (1.367), and Solanum tuberosum (1.326). The study highlights that Allium cepa poses the highest health risk for humans, while Medicago sativa poses the highest risk for animals due to Cd and Pb contamination. These results underscore the urgent need for effective measures to mitigate the health risks associated with HM contamination in crops and soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention and College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- Key Lab of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashar Ayub
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Umair Riaz
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghalia S.H. Alnusairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu H, Umair M, Khan SA, Sani AI, Iqbal S, Khalid F, Sultan R, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Mubarak A, Dawoud TM, Malik A, Saleh IA, Al Amri AA, Algarzae NK, Kodous AS, Hameed Y. CDCA8, a mitosis-related gene, as a prospective pan-cancer biomarker: implications for survival prognosis and oncogenic immunology. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:432-445. [PMID: 38463578 PMCID: PMC10918119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cell division cycle-associated protein 8 (CDCA8), a critical regulator of mitosis, has been identified as a prospective prognostic biomarker in several cancer types, including breast, colon, and lung cancers. This study analyzed the diagnostic/prognostic potential and clinical implications of CDCA8 across diverse cancers. METHODS Bioinformatics and molecular experiments. RESULTS Analyzing TCGA data via TIMER2 and GEPIA2 databases revealed significant up-regulation of CDCA8 in 23 cancer types compared to normal tissues. Prognostically, elevated CDCA8 expression correlated with poorer overall survival in KIRC, LUAD, and SKCM, emphasizing its potential as a prognostic marker. UALCAN analysis demonstrated CDCA8 up-regulation based on clinical variables, such as cancer stage, race, and gender, in these cancers. Epigenetic exploration indicated reduced CDCA8 promoter methylation levels in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC), Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) tissues compared to normal controls. Promoter methylation and mutational analyses showcased a hypomethylation and low mutation rate for CDCA8 in these cancers. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between CDCA8 expression and infiltrating immune cells, particularly CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis unveiled key interacting proteins, while gene enrichment analysis highlighted their involvement in crucial cellular processes and pathways. Additionally, exploration of CDCA8-associated drugs through DrugBank presented potential therapeutic options for KIRC, LUAD, and SKCM. In vitro validation using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed elevated CDCA8 expression in LUAD cell lines (A549 and H1299) compared to control cell lines (Beas-2B and NL-20). CONCLUSION This study provides concise insights into CDCA8's multifaceted role in KIRC, LUAD, and SKCM, covering expression patterns, diagnostic and prognostic relevance, epigenetic regulation, mutational landscape, immune infiltration, and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021, China
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Physiology, Gomal Medical College, MTIDera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar Ali Khan
- Department of Biochemistry Khyber Girls Medical CollegePeshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Irshad Sani
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin Medical CollegeKarachi 74700, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Azra Naheed Medical CollegeLahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Khalid
- Department of Pathology, Al Aleem Medical CollegeLahore, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdul Aziz Al Amri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud UniversityP.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Khaled Algarzae
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11149, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Kodous
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic-Energy Authority (EAEA)Egypt
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA)38, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, P.O. Box 600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yasir Hameed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Umair M, Ghaffar A, Alkanhal MAS, Khan Y, Shahid MU. Dyakonov waves generation at uniaxial chiral-plasma interface. Opt Express 2024; 32:4376-4386. [PMID: 38297640 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Numerical analysis of Dyakonov waves generation has been carried out at uniaxial chiral-plasma planar interface. The extended electromagnetic wave theory is utilized, and an impedance boundary conditions approach is employed to obtain characteristics equation. Effective mode index and attenuation under the different values of collisional frequency, plasma frequency and chirality in the THz frequency range for three cases for uniaxial chiral media are discussed. These results can be used in the field of photonics and integrated optics to fabricate nanophotonic devices in the THz frequency range.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ali S, Basit A, Umair M, Makanda TA, Shaik MR, Ibrahim M, Ni J. The Role of Climate Change and Its Sensitivity on Long-Term Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, Vegetation and Drought Changing Trends over East Asia. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:399. [PMID: 38337932 PMCID: PMC10857352 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Droughts have become more severe and frequent due to global warming. In this context, it is widely accepted that for drought assessments, both water supply (rainfall) and demand (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI) should be considered. Using SPEI, we explored the spatial-temporal patterns of dry and wet annual and seasonal changes in five sub-regions of East Asia during 1902-2018. These factors are linked to excess drought frequency and severity on the regional scale, and their effect on vegetation remains an important topic for climate change studies. Our results show that the SPEI significantly improved extreme drought and mostly affected the SPEI-06 and SPEI-12 growing seasons in East Asia during 1981-2018. The dry and wet annual SPEI trends mostly affect the five sub-regions of East Asia. The annual SPEI had two extremely dry spells during 1936-1947 and 1978-2018. Japan, South Korea, and North Korea are wet in the summer compared to other regions of East Asia, with drought frequency occurring at 51.4%, respectively. The mean drought frequencies in China and Mongolia are 57.4% and 54.6%. China and Mongolia are the driest regions in East Asia due to high drought frequency and duration. The spatial seasonal analysis of solar radiation (SR), water vapor pressure (WVP), wind speed (WS), vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), and vegetation health index (VHI) have confirmed that the East Asia region suffered from maximum drought events. The seasonal variation of SPEI shows no clear drying trends during summer and autumn seasons. During the winter and spring seasons, there was a dry trend in East Asia region. During 1902-1990, a seasonal SPEI presented diverse characteristics, with clear wet trends in Japan, Mongolia, and North Korea in four different growing seasons, with dry trends in China and South Korea. During 1991-2018, seasonal SPEI presented clear dry trends in Japan, Mongolia, and North Korea in different growing seasons, while China and South Korea showed a wet trend during the spring, autumn, and winter seasons. This ecological and climatic mechanism provides a good basis for the assessment of vegetation and drought-change variations within East Asia. An understandings of long-term vegetation trends and the effects of rainfall and SPEI on droughts of varying severity is essential for water resource management and climate change adaptation. Based on the results, water resources will increase under global warming, which may alleviate the water scarcity issue in the East Asia region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Basit
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Muhammad Umair
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tyan Alice Makanda
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Afsar T, Fu H, Khan H, Ali Z, Zehri Z, Zaman G, Abbas S, Mahmood A, Alam Q, Hu J, Razak S, Umair M. Loss-of-function variant in the LRR domain of SLITRK2 implicated in a neurodevelopmental disorder. Front Genet 2024; 14:1308116. [PMID: 38283150 PMCID: PMC10813200 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1308116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by different combinations of intellectual disability (ID), communication and social skills deficits, and delays in achieving motor or language milestones. SLITRK2 is a postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule that promotes neurite outgrowth and excitatory synapse development. Methods and Results: In the present study, we investigated a single patient segregating Neurodevelopmental disorder. SLITRK2 associated significant neuropsychological issues inherited in a rare X-linked fashion have recently been reported. Whole-exome sequencing and data analysis revealed a novel nonsense variant [c.789T>A; p.(Cys263*); NM_032539.5; NP_115928.1] in exon 5 of the SLITRK2 gene (MIM# 300561). Three-dimensional protein modeling revealed substantial changes in the mutated SLITRK2 protein, which might lead to nonsense-medicated decay. Conclusion: This study confirms the role of SLITRK2 in neuronal development and highlights the importance of including the SLITRK2 gene in the screening of individuals presenting neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hongxia Fu
- Department of Neurology, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Hammal Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zamrud Zehri
- Department of Gynecology, Civil Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Gohar Zaman
- Department of Computer Science, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biological Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qamre Alam
- Molecular Genomics and Precision Department, ExpressMed Diagnostics and Research, Zinj, Bahrain
| | - Junjian Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Umair M, Huma Zafar S, Cheema M, Usman M. New insights into the environmental application of hybrid nanoparticles in metal contaminated agroecosystem: A review. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119553. [PMID: 37976639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) contamination in agricultural soils is a major constraint to provide safe food to society. Cultivation of food crops on these soils, channels the HMs into the food chain and causes serious human health and socioeconomic problems. Multiple conventional and non-conventional remedial options are already in practice with variable success rates, but nanotechnology has proved its success due to higher efficiency. It also led the hypothesis to use hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) with extended benefits to remediate the HMs and supplement nutrients to enhance the crop yield in the contaminated environments. Hybrid nanoparticles are defined as exclusive chemical conjugates of inorganic and/or organic nanomaterials that are combinations of two or more organic components, two or more inorganic components, or at least one of both types of components. HNPs of different elements like essential nutrients, beneficial nutrients and carbon-based nanoparticles are used for the remediation of metals contaminated soil and the production of metal free crops. Characterizing features of HNPs including particle size, surface area, reactivity, and solubility affect the efficacy of these HNPs in the contaminated environment. Hybrid nanoparticles have great potential to remove the HMs ions from soil solution and restrict their ingress into the root tissues. Furthermore, HNPs of essential nutrients not only compete with heavy metal uptake by plants but also fulfill the need of nutrients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with application of HNPs in contaminated soils, environmental implications, their remediation ability, and factors affecting their dynamics in environmental matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Agricultural Research Station, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sehrish Huma Zafar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Newfoundland, Canada.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ali S, Makanda TA, Umair M, Ni J. MaxEnt model strategies to studying current and future potential land suitability dynamics of wheat, soybean and rice cultivation under climatic change scenarios in East Asia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296182. [PMID: 38127929 PMCID: PMC10735186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change and variability are projected to alter the geographic suitability of lands for crops cultivation. Accurately predicting changes in the potential current and future land suitability distribution dynamics of wheat (Triticum aestivum), soybean (Glycine max) and rice (Oryza sativa) crops due to climate change scenarios is critical to adapting and mitigating the impacts of bioclimatic changes, and plays a significant role in securing food security in East Asia region. This study compiled large datasets of wheat, soybean and rice occurrence locations from GBIF and 19 bioclimatic variables obtained from the WorldClim database that affect crops growth. We recognized potential future suitable distribution regions for crops under the one socioeconomic pathway, (SSP585) for 2021-2040 and 2041-2060, using the MaxEnt model. The accuracy of the MaxEnt was highly significant with mean AUC values ranging from 0.833 to 0.882 for all models evaluated. The jackknife test revealed that for wheat, Bio4 and Bio12 contributed 17.6% and 12.6%, for soybean Bio10 and Bio12 contributed 15.6% and 49.5%, while for rice Bio12 and Bio14 contributed 12.9% and 36.0% to the MaxEnt model. In addition, cultivation aptitude for wheat, soybean, and rice increased in southeast China, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan, while decreasing in Mongolia and northwest China. Climate change is expected to increase the high land suitability for wheat, soybean, and rice in East Asia. Simulation results indicate an average decrease of unsuitable areas of -98.5%, -41.2% and -36.3% for wheat, soybean and rice from 2060 than that of current land suitability. In contrast, the high land suitable for wheat, soybean and rice cultivation is projected to increase by 75.1%, 68.5% and 81.9% from 2060 as compared with current. The findings of this study are of utmost importance in the East Asia region as they present an opportunity for policy makers to develop appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies required to sustain crops distribution under future climates. Although the risks of wheat, soybean and rice cultivation may be significantly higher in the future because of high temperatures, heat waves, and droughts caused by climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Ali
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Umair
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bosch E, Popp B, Güse E, Skinner C, van der Sluijs PJ, Maystadt I, Pinto AM, Renieri A, Bruno LP, Granata S, Marcelis C, Baysal Ö, Hartwich D, Holthöfer L, Isidor B, Cogne B, Wieczorek D, Capra V, Scala M, De Marco P, Ognibene M, Jamra RA, Platzer K, Carter LB, Kuismin O, van Haeringen A, Maroofian R, Valenzuela I, Cuscó I, Martinez-Agosto JA, Rabani AM, Mefford HC, Pereira EM, Close C, Anyane-Yeboa K, Wagner M, Hannibal MC, Zacher P, Thiffault I, Beunders G, Umair M, Bhola PT, McGinnis E, Millichap J, van de Kamp JM, Prijoles EJ, Dobson A, Shillington A, Graham BH, Garcia EJ, Galindo MK, Ropers FG, Nibbeling EAR, Hubbard G, Karimov C, Goj G, Bend R, Rath J, Morrow MM, Millan F, Salpietro V, Torella A, Nigro V, Kurki M, Stevenson RE, Santen GWE, Zweier M, Campeau PM, Severino M, Reis A, Accogli A, Vasileiou G. Elucidating the clinical and molecular spectrum of SMARCC2-associated NDD in a cohort of 65 affected individuals. Genet Med 2023; 25:100950. [PMID: 37551667 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes are recognizable neurodevelopmental disorders caused by germline variants in BAF complex subunits. The SMARCC2 BAFopathy was recently reported. Herein, we present clinical and molecular data on a large cohort. METHODS Clinical symptoms for 41 novel and 24 previously published affected individuals were analyzed using the Human Phenotype Ontology. For genotype-phenotype correlations, molecular data were standardized and grouped into non-truncating and likely gene-disrupting (LGD) variants. Missense variant protein expression and BAF-subunit interactions were examined using 3D protein modeling, co-immunoprecipitation, and proximity-ligation assays. RESULTS Neurodevelopmental delay with intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia, and behavioral disorders were the major manifestations. Clinical hallmarks of BAFopathies were rare. Clinical presentation differed significantly, with LGD variants being predominantly inherited and associated with mildly reduced or normal cognitive development, whereas non-truncating variants were mostly de novo and presented with severe developmental delay. These distinct manifestations and non-truncating variant clustering in functional domains suggest different pathomechanisms. In vitro testing showed decreased protein expression for N-terminal missense variants similar to LGD. CONCLUSION This study improved SMARCC2 variant classification and identified discernible SMARCC2-associated phenotypes for LGD and non-truncating variants, which were distinct from other BAFopathies. The pathomechanism of most non-truncating variants has yet to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bosch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charitè, Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Centre of Functional Genomics, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esther Güse
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Pinto
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Pia Bruno
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Granata
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Human Genetics department, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Özlem Baysal
- Human Genetics department, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dewi Hartwich
- Institute of Human Genetics - University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Holthöfer
- Institute of Human Genetics - University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Valeria Capra
- Genomics and Clinical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marzia Ognibene
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lauren B Carter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Levine Children's Hospital, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Medicine Genetics Group, Valle Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivon Cuscó
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Medicine Genetics Group, Valle Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Departments of Human Genetics, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ahna M Rabani
- Department of Pediatrics & Institute for Precision Health, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Elaine M Pereira
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Charlotte Close
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mallory Wagner
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark C Hannibal
- Division of Pediatric Genetics, Metabolism, and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pia Zacher
- Epilepsy Center Kleinwachau, Radeberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City and Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Gea Beunders
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Priya T Bhola
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Erin McGinnis
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John Millichap
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jiddeke M van de Kamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Amelle Shillington
- Department of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Evan-Jacob Garcia
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Fabienne G Ropers
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Esther A R Nibbeling
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gail Hubbard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine Karimov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Goj
- Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Datteln, Germany
| | - Renee Bend
- PreventionGenetics, Part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI
| | - Julie Rath
- PreventionGenetics, Part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Mitja Kurki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Gijs W E Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Georgia Vasileiou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Safdarian M, Trinka E, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Thomschewski A, Aali A, Abady GG, Abate SM, Abd-Allah F, Abedi A, Adane DE, Afzal S, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmed H, Amanat N, Angappan D, Arabloo J, Aryannejad A, Athari SS, Atreya A, Azadnajafabad S, Azzam AY, Babamohamadi H, Banik PC, Bardhan M, Bashiri A, Berhie AY, Bhat AN, Brown J, Champs AP, Charalampous P, Chukwu IS, Coberly K, Dadras O, Yada DY, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dessalegn FN, Desta AA, Dhingra S, Diao N, Diaz D, Dibas M, Dongarwar D, Dsouza HL, Ekholuenetale M, El Nahas N, Elhadi M, Eskandarieh S, Fagbamigbe AF, Fares J, Fatehizadeh A, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fischer F, Franklin RC, Garg T, Getachew M, Ghaffarpasand F, Gholamrezanezhad A, Gholizadeh Mesgarha M, Ghozy S, Golechha M, Goleij P, Graham SM, Gupta VK, Haagsma JA, Hamidi S, Harlianto NI, Harorani M, Hasanian M, Hassan A, Hassen MB, Hoveidaei AH, Iravanpour F, Irilouzadian R, Iwu CCD, Jacob L, Jaja CJ, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Jozwiak JJ, Kadashetti V, Kandel A, Kantar RS, Karaye IM, Karkhah S, Khader YS, Khan EA, Khan MJ, Khayat Kashani HR, Khonji MS, Khormali M, Kim G, Krishnamoorthy V, Kumaran SD, Malekpour MR, Meretoja TJ, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá AC, Miller TR, Mirahmadi A, Mirghaderi SP, Mirza M, Misganaw A, Misra S, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi E, Mokdad AH, Möller H, Momtazmanesh S, Moni MA, Mostafavi E, Mulita F, Naghavi M, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Nejati K, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen VT, Nogueira de Sá AT, Olagunju AT, Olufadewa II, Omotayo AO, Owolabi MO, Patil S, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Petcu IR, Polinder S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Qureshi MF, Raghav PR, Rahman M, Rahnavard N, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rashidi MM, Rawaf S, Roberts NLS, Saddik B, Saeed U, Samadzadeh S, Samy AM, Sarveazad A, Seylani A, Shafie M, Shahbandi A, Sharew MMS, Sheikhi RA, Shetty PH, Yigit A, Shobeiri P, Shool S, Shorofi SA, Sibhat MM, Sinaei E, Singh P, Singh S, Solomon Y, Sotoudeh H, Tadesse BA, Umair M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Venketasubramanian N, Vu LG, Wickramasinghe ND, Zare I, Yazdanpanah F, Wu AM, Zhang ZJ. Global, regional, and national burden of spinal cord injury, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:1026-1047. [PMID: 37863591 PMCID: PMC10584692 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major cause of health loss due to premature mortality and long-term disability. We aimed to report on the global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for SCI from 1990 to 2019, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. METHODS Using GBD 2019 data pooled in DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, we systematically derived numbers and age-standardised rate changes with 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UIs) for the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs for SCI from 1990 to 2019 for the whole world, 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories. We report trends based on age, sex, year, cause of injury, and level of injury. FINDINGS Globally, 20·6 million (95% UI 18·9 to 23·6) individuals were living with SCI in 2019. The incidence of SCI was 0·9 million (0·7 to 1·2) cases with an estimated 6·2 million (4·5 to 8·2) YLDs. SCI rates increased substantially from 1990 to 2019 for global prevalence (81·5%, 74·2 to 87·1), incidence (52·7%, 30·3 to 69·8), and YLDs (65·4%, 56·3 to 76·0). However, global age-standardised rates per 100 000 population showed small changes in prevalence (5·8%, 2·6 to 9·5), incidence (-6·1%, -17·2 to 1·5), and YLDs (-1·5%, -5·5 to 3·2). Data for 2019 shows that the incidence of SCI increases sharply until age 15-19 years, where it remains reasonably constant until 85 years of age and older. By contrast, prevalence and YLDs showed similar patterns to each other, with one peak at around age 45-54 years. The incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of SCI have consistently been higher in men than in women globally, with a slight and steady increase for both men and women from 1990 to 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, SCI at neck level was more common than SCI below neck level in terms of incidence (492 thousand [354 to 675] vs 417 thousand [290 to 585]), prevalence (10·8 million [9·5 to 13·9] vs 9·7 million [9·2 to 10·4]), and YLDs (4·2 million [3·0 to 5·8] vs 1·9 million [1·3 to 2·5]). Falls (477 thousand [327 to 683] cases) and road injuries (230 thousand [122 to 389] cases) were the two leading causes of SCI globally in 2019. INTERPRETATION Although age-standardised rates of incidence, prevalence, and YLDs for SCI changed only slightly, absolute counts increased substantially from 1990 to 2019. Geographical heterogeneity in demographic, spatial, and temporal patterns of SCI, at both the national and regional levels, should be considered by policy makers aiming to reduce the burden of SCI. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Said G, Ali A, Umair M, Ahmad F, Gul S, Ateeq M. Bioactivities of natural product geodin congeners and their preliminary structure activity relationship. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37865972 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2272022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of 6 novel ester derivatives 2-7 of natural product geodin 1 were designed and semi-synthesized through one mild step reaction with high yield. Compounds 2-7 showed strong inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus in the range of 2.35-9.41 μM. Compounds 4 and 7 showed very strong inhibitory activities against antifouling bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida with MICs of 2.42 μM and 4.56 μM respectively. Most notably compounds 3-7 showed potent antifungal activities against Candida albicans in the range of 0.59-2.44 μM. Particularly, compound 3 showed the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans with a MIC value of 0.59 μM. The preliminary structure activity relationship of these derivatives showed that replacement of 4-OH group with benzoyl substituents could enhance the antibacterial and antifungal activities of geodin 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Said
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Salma Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Umair M, Zafar SH, Cheema M, Minhas R, Saeed AM, Saqib M, Aslam M. Unraveling the effects of zinc sulfate nanoparticles and potassium fertilizers on quality of maize and associated health risks in Cd contaminated soils under different moisture regimes. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165147. [PMID: 37392879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the interactive effects of zinc sulfate nanoparticles (ZnSO4 NPs) and potassium fertilizers (SOP and MOP) on growth and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) under different moisture regimes in cadmium contaminated soils. It seeks to identify how these two different sources of nutrients interact to improve the quality of maize grains and fodder production to ensure food safety and food security under abiotic stresses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under two moisture regimes including M1 (non-limiting regime, 20-30 %) and M2 (water-limiting, 10-15 %) at Cd contamination of 20 mg kg-1. The results showed that ZnSO4 NPs combined with potassium fertilizers significantly increased the growth and proximate composition of maize in Cd contaminated soil. Moreover, applied amendments significantly alleviated the stress induced in maize by improving the growth. The greatest increase in maize growth and quality was observed when ZnSO4 NPs were applied in combination with SOP (K2SO4). The results also showed that the interactive effects of ZnSO4 NPs and potassium fertilizers significantly affected the Cd bioavailability in soil and concentration in plants. It was observed that MOP (KCl) enhanced the Cd bioavailability in soil due to presence of Cl anion. In addition, the application of ZnSO4 NPs combined with SOP fertilizer reduced the concentration of Cd in maize grain and shoot, and significantly reduced the probable health risks to humans and cattle. It suggested that this strategy could help to reduce Cd exposure through food consumption and therefore ensure food safety. Our findings suggest that ZnSO4 NPs and SOP can be used synergistically to improve maize crop production and development of agricultural practices in areas affected by Cd contamination. Moreover, by understanding the interactive effects of these two sources of nutrients, this research could help in the management of areas affected by heavy metals contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The application of zinc and potassium fertilizers can increase the biomass of maize, minimize abiotic stresses, and improve the nutritional value of the crop in Cd contaminated soils; this is particularly true when zinc sulfate nanoparticles and sulfate of potash (K2SO4) are used in conjunction. This form of fertilizer management can lead to a greater, more sustainable yield of maize under contaminated soils, which could have a major impact on global food supply. Remediation coupled with agro-production (RCA) not only improves the effectiveness of the process but will also encourage farmers to take part in soil remediation by easy management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Agricultural Research Station, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan; Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sehrish Huma Zafar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Corner Brook A2H 5G4, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Rashid Minhas
- Agricultural Research Station, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Manan Saeed
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Afsar T, Huang X, Shah AA, Abbas S, Bano S, Mahmood A, Hu J, Razak S, Umair M. Truncated DNM1 variant underlines developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1266376. [PMID: 37900685 PMCID: PMC10601988 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1266376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) signify a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with early-onset seizures accompanied by developmental delay, hypotonia, mild to severe intellectual disability, and developmental regression. Variants in the DNM1 gene have been associated with autosomal dominant DEE type 31A and autosomal recessive DEE type 31B. Methods In the current study, a consanguineous Pakistani family consisting of a proband (IV-2) was clinically evaluated and genetically analyzed manifesting in severe neurodevelopmental phenotypes. WES followed by Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the disease-causing variant. Furthermore, 3D protein modeling and dynamic simulation of wild-type and mutant proteins along with reverse transcriptase (RT)-based mRNA expression were checked using standard methods. Results Data analysis of WES revealed a novel homozygous non-sense variant (c.1402G>T; p. Glu468*) in exon 11 of the DNM1 gene that was predicted as pathogenic class I. Variants in the DNM1 gene have been associated with DEE types 31A and B. Different bioinformatics prediction tools and American College of Medical Genetics guidelines were used to verify the identified variant. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the disease-causing variant. Our approach validated the pathogenesis of the variant as a cause of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. In addition, 3D protein modeling showed that the mutant protein would lose most of the amino acids and might not perform the proper function if the surveillance non-sense-mediated decay mechanism was skipped. Molecular dynamics analysis showed varied trajectories of wild-type and mutant DNM1 proteins in terms of root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation and radius of gyration. Similarly, RT-qPCR revealed a substantial reduction of the DNM1 gene in the index patient. Conclusion Our finding further confirms the association of homozygous, loss-of-function variants in DNM1 associated with DEE type 31B. The study expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of pathogenic DNM1 variants related to DNM1-associated pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Department of Neurology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Shazia Bano
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Department of Neurology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Junjian Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alawad N, Alangari A, Allhybi A, Masud N, Almuzaini F, Alshamari M, Umair M, Alfadhel M. Assessment of attitudes towards the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in a single center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:1032-1039. [PMID: 37005789 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the attitudes of the general public in Saudi Arabia regarding both medical and non-medical applications of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The study was conducted in King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh with a sample size of 377. Demographic information was collected, and attitudes towards applications of PGD were assessed using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire. Out of the total sample size, 230 (61%) were males, 258 (68%) were married, 235 (63%) had one child or more, and 255 (68%) were older than 30 years of age representing the majority of participants. Only 87 (23%) of participants reported prior experience with PGD. Personally, knowing someone who had a prior experience with PGD was associated with higher attitude scores (more favorable attitudes towards PGD) (p-value = 0.04). The findings of this study indicate that our sample of Saudi individuals generally had a positive attitude towards the use of PGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Alawad
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alangari
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Allhybi
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazish Masud
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Almuzaini
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshamari
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomic Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Precision Medicine department (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu D, Jin Y, Xing Y, Abate MD, Abbasian M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abd-Allah F, Abdelmasseh M, Abdollahifar MA, Abdulah DM, Abedi A, Abedi V, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abuabara K, Abyadeh M, Addo IY, Adeniji KN, Adepoju AV, Adesina MA, Sakilah Adnani QE, Afarideh M, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agrawal A, Aguilera Arriagada CE, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Aithala JP, Ajadi AA, Ajami M, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Alahdab F, AlBataineh MT, Alemi S, Saeed Al-Gheethi AA, Ali L, Alif SM, Almazan JU, Almustanyir S, Alqahtani JS, Alqasmi I, Khan Altaf IU, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Amani R, Amu H, Amusa GA, Andrei CL, Ansar A, Ansariniya H, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arefnezhad R, Arulappan J, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Atata JA, Athari SS, Atlaw D, Wahbi Atout MM, Aujayeb A, Awan AT, Ayatollahi H, Azadnajafabad S, Azzam AY, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Bagherieh S, Baig AA, Bantie BB, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Barker-Collo SL, Barone-Adesi F, Batra K, Bayileyegn NS, Behnoush AH, Belgaumi UI, Bemanalizadeh M, Bensenor IM, Beyene KA, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhat AN, Bitaraf S, Bitra VR, Boloor A, Bora K, Botelho JS, Buchbinder R, Calina D, Cámera LA, Carvalho AF, Kai Chan JS, Chattu VK, Abebe EC, Chichagi F, Choi S, Chou TC, Chu DT, Coberly K, Costa VM, Couto RA, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, Damiani G, Dascalu AM, Dashti M, Debela SA, Dellavalle RP, Demetriades AK, Demlash AA, Deng X, Desai HD, Desai R, Rahman Dewan SM, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Diaz D, Dibas M, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Diress M, Do TC, Doan DK, Dodangeh M, Dodangeh M, Dongarwar D, Dube J, Dziedzic AM, Ed-Dra A, Edinur HA, Eissazade N, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, Elemam NM, Elhadi M, Elmehrath AO, Abdou Elmeligy OA, Emamverdi M, Emeto TI, Esayas HL, Eshetu HB, Etaee F, Fagbamigbe AF, Faghani S, Fakhradiyev IR, Fatehizadeh A, Fathi M, Feizkhah A, Fekadu G, Fereidouni M, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes JC, Ferrara P, Fetensa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Foroutan B, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Ganesan B, Belete Gemeda BN, Ghamari SH, Ghasemi M, Gholamalizadeh M, Gill TK, Gillum RF, Goldust M, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Goudarzi H, Guan SY, Guo Y, Gupta B, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haddadi R, Hadi NR, Halwani R, Haque S, Hasan I, Hashempour R, Hassan A, Hassan TS, Hassanzadeh S, Hassen MB, Haubold J, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari M, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Herteliu C, Hessami K, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Holla R, Hosseini MS, Huynh HH, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Iranmehr A, Iravanpour F, Ismail NE, Iwagami M, Iwu CC, Jacob L, Jafarinia M, Jafarzadeh A, Jahankhani K, Jahrami H, Jakovljevic M, Jamshidi E, Jani CT, Janodia MD, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jeganathan J, Jonas JB, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Vaishali K, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kaliyadan F, Kalroozi F, Kamal VK, Kandel A, Kandel H, Kanungo S, Karami J, Karaye IM, Karimi H, Kasraei H, Kazemian S, Kebede SA, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khamesipour F, Khan EA, Khan IA, Khan M, Khan MJ, Khan MA, Khan MA, Khatatbeh H, Khatatbeh MM, Khateri S, Khayat Kashani HR, Kim MS, Kisa A, Kisa S, Koh HY, Kolkhir P, Korzh O, Kotnis AL, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kuddus M, Kulkarni VV, Kumar N, Kundu S, Kurmi OP, La Vecchia C, Lahariya C, Laksono T, Lám J, Latief K, Lauriola P, Lawal BK, Thu Le TT, Bich Le TT, Lee M, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, Lenzi J, Levi M, Li W, Ligade VS, Lim SS, Liu G, Liu X, Llanaj E, Lo CH, Machado VS, Maghazachi AA, Mahmoud MA, Mai TA, Majeed A, Sanaye PM, Makram OM, Rad EM, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Mallhi TH, Malta DC, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Martorell M, Masoudi S, Masoumi SZ, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathews E, Mathioudakis AG, Maugeri A, Mayeli M, Carabeo Medina JR, Meles GG, Mendes JJ, Menezes RG, Mestrovic T, Michalek IM, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá AC, Mihretie ET, Nhat Minh LH, Mirfakhraie R, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mohamadkhani A, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi F, Mohammadi S, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mohan S, Mohseni A, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moniruzzaman M, Moradi Y, Morovatdar N, Mostafavi E, Mousavi P, Mukoro GD, Mulita A, Mulu GB, Murillo-Zamora E, Musaigwa F, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Nainu F, Nangia V, Swamy SN, Natto ZS, Navaraj P, Nayak BP, Nazri-Panjaki A, Negash H, Nematollahi MH, Nguyen DH, Hien Nguyen HT, Nguyen HQ, Nguyen PT, Nguyen VT, Niazi RK, Nikolouzakis TK, Nnyanzi LA, Noreen M, Nzoputam CI, Nzoputam OJ, Oancea B, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okonji OC, Okwute PG, Olagunju AT, Olatubi MI, Olufadewa II, Ordak M, Otstavnov N, Owolabi MO, Mahesh P, Padubidri JR, Pak A, Pakzad R, Palladino R, Pana A, Pantazopoulos I, Papadopoulou P, Pardhan S, Parthasarathi A, Pashaei A, Patel J, Pathan AR, Patil S, Paudel U, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Pensato U, Pereira DM, Pereira J, Pereira MO, Pereira RB, Peres MF, Perianayagam A, Perna S, Petcu IR, Pezeshki PS, Pham HT, Philip AK, Piradov MA, Podder I, Podder V, Poddighe D, Sady Prates EJ, Qattea I, Radfar A, Raee P, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahim F, Rahimi M, Rahimifard M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MO, Ur Rahman MH, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmani M, Rahmani S, Rahmanian V, Ramasubramani P, Rancic N, Rao IR, Rashedi S, Rashid AM, Ravikumar N, Rawaf S, Mohamed Redwan EM, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Ribeiro D, Rodrigues M, Buendia Rodriguez JA, Roever L, Romero-Rodríguez E, Saad AM, Saddik B, Sadeghian S, Saeed U, Safary A, Safdarian M, Safi SZ, Saghazadeh A, Sagoe D, Sharif-Askari FS, Sharif-Askari NS, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Sahraian MA, Sajid MR, Sakhamuri S, Sakshaug JW, Saleh MA, Salehi L, Salehi S, Farrokhi AS, Samadzadeh S, Samargandy S, Samieefar N, Samy AM, Sanadgol N, Sanjeev RK, Sawhney M, Saya GK, Schuermans A, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Sethi Y, Shafie M, Shah H, Shahid I, Shahid S, Shaikh MA, Sharfaei S, Sharma M, Shayan M, Shehata HS, Sheikh A, Shetty JK, Shin JI, Shirkoohi R, Shitaye NA, Shivakumar K, Shivarov V, Shobeiri P, Siabani S, Sibhat MM, Siddig EE, Simpson CR, Sinaei E, Singh H, Singh I, Singh JA, Singh P, Singh S, Siraj MS, Al Mamun Sohag A, Solanki R, Solikhah S, Solomon Y, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Sun J, Szeto MD, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabish M, Taheri E, Tahvildari A, Talaat IM, Lukenze Tamuzi JJ, Tan KK, Tat NY, Oliaee RT, Tavasol A, Temsah MH, Thangaraju P, Tharwat S, Tibebu NS, Vera Ticoalu JH, Tillawi T, Tiruye TY, Tiyuri A, Tovani-Palone MR, Tripathi M, Tsegay GM, Tualeka AR, Ty SS, Ubah CS, Ullah S, Ullah S, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Upadhyay E, Vahabi SM, Vaithinathan AG, Tahbaz SV, Valizadeh R, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Venketasubramanian N, Verras GI, Villafañe JH, Vlassov V, Vo DC, Waheed Y, Waris A, Welegebrial BG, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Willekens B, Woldegeorgis BZ, Woldemariam M, Xiao H, Yada DY, Yahya G, Yang L, Yazdanpanah F, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Zahir M, Zaidi SS, Zangiabadian M, Zare I, Zeineddine MA, Zemedikun DT, Zeru NG, Zhang C, Zhao H, Zhong C, Zielińska M, Zoladl M, Zumla A, Guo C, Tam LS. Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 64:102193. [PMID: 37731935 PMCID: PMC10507198 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of -0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = -0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = -0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = -0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = -0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = -0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38).
Collapse
|
31
|
Borhani A, Porter KK, Umair M, Chu LC, Mathai SC, Kolb TM, Damico RL, Hassoun PM, Kamel IR, Zimmerman SL. Quantifying 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance vortices in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A pilot study. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12298. [PMID: 37859803 PMCID: PMC10583650 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) study, vortical blood flow in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) is quantified using circulation (ᴦ), a metric used in fluid dynamics to quantify the rotational components of flow. Circulation (ᴦ) is a 4D flow CMR metric that quantifies the vortical blood flow pattern in the MPA of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), distinguishes them from healthy controls, and shows high correlation with invasive markers of PH severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Borhani
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kristin K. Porter
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham School of MedicineBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Muhammad Umair
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Linda C. Chu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Stephen C. Mathai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Todd M. Kolb
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel L. Damico
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Paul M. Hassoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ihab R. Kamel
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Stefan L. Zimmerman
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khan S, Umair M, Abbas S, Ali U, Zaman G, Ansar M, Wang R, Zhang X, Houlden H, Harlalka GV, Gul A. Overlapping neurological phenotypes in two extended consanguineous families with novel variants in the CNTNAP1 and ADGRG1 genes. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3513. [PMID: 37178061 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population diversity is important and rare disease isolates can frequently reveal novel homozygous or biallelic mutations that lead to expanded clinical heterogeneity, with diverse clinical presentations. METHODS The present study describes two consanguineous families with a total of seven affected individuals suffering from a clinically similar severe syndromic neurological disorder, with abnormal development and central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) abnormalities. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing followed by 3D protein modeling was performed to identify the disease-causing gene. RNA was extracted from the fresh blood of both families affected and healthy individuals. RESULTS The families were clinically assessed in the field in different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Magnetic resonance imagining was obtained in the probands and blood was collected for DNA extraction and WES was performed. Sanger sequencing confirmed a homozygous, likely pathogenic mutation (GRCh38: chr17:42684199G>C; (NM_003632.3): c.333G>C);(NP_003623.1): p.(Trp111Cys) in the CNTNAP1 gene in family A, previously associated with Congenital Hypo myelinating Neuropathy 3 (CHN3; OMIM # 618186) and a novel nonsense variant in family B, (GRCh38: chr16: 57654086C>T; NC_000016.10 (NM_001370440.1): c.721C>T); (NP_001357369.1): p.(Gln241Ter) in the ADGRG1 gene previously associated with bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (OMIM # 606854); both families have extended CNS and PNS clinical manifestations. In addition, 3D protein modeling was performed for the missense variant, p.(Trp111Cys), identified in the CNTNAP1, suggesting extensive secondary structure changes that might lead to improper function or downstream signaling. No RNA expression was observed in both families affected and healthy individuals hence showing that these genes are not expressed in blood. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, two novel biallelic variants in the CNTNAP1 and ADGRG1 genes in two different consanguineous families with a clinical overlap in the phenotype were identified. Thus, the clinical and mutation spectrum is expanded to provide further evidence that CNTNAP1 and ADGRG1 are very important for widespread neurological development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre (Level 4), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon, UK
- Hafeez Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biological Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Uroba Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gohar Zaman
- Department of Computer Science, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rongrong Wang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorder, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Gaurav V Harlalka
- Medical Research, RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre (Level 4), Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Samarth College of Pharmacy, Deulgaon Raja, Dist. Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asma Gul
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing is commonly used as clinical exome in almost every hospital to diagnose rare and complex genetic disorders. Still, there are a lot of undiagnosed patients that require correct molecular diagnosis for treatment strategies. Different techniques such as structural variants, STRs, long read sequencing, pan genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics etc could be employed to check the undiagnosed/negative cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Umair M, Sultana T, Xun S, Jabbar S, Riaz Rajoka MS, Albahi A, Abid M, Ranjha MMAN, El‐Seedi HR, Xie F, Khan KUR, Liqing Z, Zhendan H. Advances in the application of functional nanomaterial and cold plasma for the fresh-keeping active packaging of meat. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5753-5772. [PMID: 37823138 PMCID: PMC10563703 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most recent advancements in food science and technology include cold sterilization of food and fresh-keeping packaging. Active packaging technology has received much interest due to the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of functional nanoparticles, including titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3). However, there are still significant concerns about the toxicity and safety of these functional nanoparticles. This review emphasizes the bacteriostatic and fresh-keeping properties of functional nanoparticles as well as their packaging strategies using the ultraviolet photo-catalysis effect. High-voltage electric field cold plasma (HVEF-CP) is the most innovative method of cold-sterilizing food. HVEF-CP sterilizes by producing photoelectrons, ions, and active free radicals on food media, which come into contact with the bacteria's surface and destroy their cells. Next, this review also assesses the photocatalytic activity and bacteriostasis kinetics of nanosized TiO2 and Fe2O3 in poultry, beef, and lamb. In addition, this review also emphasizes the importance of exploiting the complex interaction processes between TiO2 and Fe2O3, along with dietary components and their utilization in the fresh meat industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- College of PharmacyShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenChina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Tayyaba Sultana
- College of Public AdministrationNanjing Agriculture UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Song Xun
- College of PharmacyShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC)Food Science Research Institute (FSRI)IslamabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Amgad Albahi
- National Food Research Centre, KhartoumMinistry of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesKhartoumSudan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindiPakistan
| | | | - Hesham R. El‐Seedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceIslamic University of MadinahMadinahAl Madinah Al MunawwarahSaudi Arabia
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and SafetyJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Fengwei Xie
- School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Kashif ur Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpurPakistan
| | - Zhao Liqing
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - He Zhendan
- College of PharmacyShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenChina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zaman Q, Iftikhar A, Rehman G, Khan Q, Najumuddin, Jan A, Khan J, Anas M, Laiba, Umair M, Muthaffar OY, Abdulkareem AA, Bibi F, Naseer MI, Jelani M. Two novel homozygous variants of ATP6V0A2 and ALDH18A1 lead to autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2 and 3 in two Pakistani families. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3522. [PMID: 37119015 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2A (ARCL2A; OMIM: 219200) is characterized by neurovegetative, developmental and progeroid elastic skin anomalies. It is caused by biallelic variation in ATPase, H+ transporting V0 subunit A2 (ATP6V0A2; OMIM: 611716) located on chromosome 12q24.31. Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 3A (ARCL3A; OMIM: 219150) is another subclinical type characterized by short stature, ophthalmological abnormalities and a progeria-like appearance. The ARCL3A is caused by loss of function alterations in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family member A1 (ALDH18A1; OMIM: 138250) gene located at chromosome 10q24.1. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES), and Sanger sequencing were performed for molecular diagnosis. 3D protein modeling was performed to investigate the deleterious effect of the variant on protein structure. RESULTS In this study, clinical and molecular diagnosis were performed for two families, ED-01 and DWF-41, which displayed hallmark features of ARCL2A and ARCL3A, respectively. Three affected individuals in the ED-01 family (IV-4, IV-5 and V-3) displayed sagging loose skin, down-slanting palpebral fissures, excessive wrinkles on the abdomen, hands and feet, and prominent veins on the trunk. Meanwhile the affected individuals in the DWF-41 family (V-2 and V-3) had progeroid skin, short stature, dysmorphology, low muscle tone, epilepsy, lordosis, scoliosis, delayed puberty and internal genitalia. WES in the index patient (ED-01: IV-4) identified a novel homozygous deletion (NM_012463.3: c.1977_1980del; p.[Val660LeufsTer23]) in exon 16 of the ATP6V0A2 while in DWF-41 a novel homozygous missense variant (NM_001323413.1:c.1867G>A; p.[Asp623Asn]) in exon 15 of the ALDH18A1 was identified. Sanger validation in all available family members confirmed the autosomal recessive modes of inheritances in each family. Three dimensional in-silico protein modeling suggested deleterious impact of the identified variants. Furthermore, these variants were assigned class 1 or "pathogenic" as per guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics 2015. Screening of ethnically matched healthy controls (n = 200 chromosomes), excluded the presence of these variations in general population. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ATP6V0A2 and ALDH18A1 variations in the Pakhtun ethnicity of Pakistani population. The study confirms that WES can be used as a first-line diagnostic test in patients with cutis laxa, and provides basis for population screening and premarital testing to reduce the diseases burden in future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Zaman
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
- Higher Education Department, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aiman Iftikhar
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Qadeem Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Najumuddin
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amin Jan
- Department of Physiology, North-West School of Medicine Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamshid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anas
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Laiba
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Osama Yousef Muthaffar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angham Abdulrhman Abdulkareem
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmida Bibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Rare Diseases Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Siddiqi S, Ain NU, Kauser M, Mukhtar Z, Ansar M, Umair M. Variants in FREM1 and trisomy 18 identified in a neonatal progeria patient. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7935-7939. [PMID: 37470964 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal progeroid disorders are rare disorders with clinical features including low body mass index, proptosis, aged and dysmorphic facial features at the time of birth, prominent veins, sparse scalp hairs, and severe growth retardation. Very few cases have been identified with an unknown genetic cause. Here, we report clinical and genetic findings of a proband with hallmark features of neonatal progeria. METHODS Microarray comparative genomic hybridization, whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed using standard methods. RESULTS Array combined genome hybridization data revealed trisomy 18 in the proband (II-1), and WES data identified novel compound heterozygous variants (c.247 C > T; p.H83Y and c.14769868InsA) in the FREM1 gene. CONCLUSION We report a novel complex case of neonatal progeria with atrial septal defects, trisomy 18 without typical features of Edward syndrome. The phenotype of the patient was more consistent with neonatal progeria, thus we speculate it to be caused by the FREM1 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Siddiqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehran Kauser
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Sciences/MLT, Faculty of life sciences, Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit, GB, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Mukhtar
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
- PMAS arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Laboratory of Genetic medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shaker K, Adnan M, Nawab Y, Umair M, Jabbar M, Siddique A, Ahmad A. Mechanical Performance of Glass/Epoxy Composites Loaded with Silane-Treated Aluminum Hydroxide Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3514. [PMID: 37688139 PMCID: PMC10490084 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of silane-treated aluminum hydroxide on the mechanical performance of flame-retardant composites. These composites have potential applications for luggage bags, as a replacement for conventional plastics, offering more durability and lighter weight. Glass fabric was used as the reinforcement, while epoxy was used as the matrix material. To impart flame retardancy, aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles were used as fillers in different weight % age (5%, 10% and 15%). As these are inorganic particles and have compatibility issues with the matrix material, silane-coupling agents (Dynasylan® 6490 and Dynasylan Glymo) were used to treat these filler particles. Both the silane-coupling agents fraction used for treatment and the fillers fraction added to the composites were varied to determine the most optimum combination. The mechanical properties of the developed composites such as tensile, flexural, and short beam shear strength were investigated. The best results were exhibited by 10% aluminum hydroxide fillers treated with 1% (by weight) coupling agent (Dynasylan Glymo).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khubab Shaker
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
| | - Yasir Nawab
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
| | - Muhammad Umair
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Madeha Jabbar
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Amna Siddique
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
- Department of Textile Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Ahmad
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Morleo M, Venditti R, Theodorou E, Briere LC, Rosello M, Tirozzi A, Tammaro R, Al-Badri N, High FA, Shi J, Putti E, Ferrante L, Cetrangolo V, Torella A, Walker MA, Tenconi R, Iascone M, Mei D, Guerrini R, van der Smagt J, Kroes HY, van Gassen KLI, Bilal M, Umair M, Pingault V, Attie-Bitach T, Amiel J, Ejaz R, Rodan L, Zollino M, Agrawal PB, Del Bene F, Nigro V, Sweetser DA, Franco B. De novo missense variants in phosphatidylinositol kinase PIP5KIγ underlie a neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with altered phosphoinositide signaling. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1377-1393. [PMID: 37451268 PMCID: PMC10432144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are membrane phospholipids produced through the local activity of PI kinases and phosphatases that selectively add or remove phosphate groups from the inositol head group. PIs control membrane composition and play key roles in many cellular processes including actin dynamics, endosomal trafficking, autophagy, and nuclear functions. Mutations in phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] phosphatases cause a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders such as Lowe and Joubert syndromes and congenital muscular dystrophy with cataracts and intellectual disability, which are thus associated with increased levels of PI(4,5)P2. Here, we describe a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with an increase in the production of PI(4,5)P2 and with PI-signaling dysfunction. We identified three de novo heterozygous missense variants in PIP5K1C, which encodes an isoform of the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KIγ), in nine unrelated children exhibiting intellectual disability, developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, seizures, visual abnormalities, and dysmorphic features. We provide evidence that the PIP5K1C variants result in an increase of the endosomal PI(4,5)P2 pool, giving rise to ectopic recruitment of filamentous actin at early endosomes (EEs) that in turn causes dysfunction in EE trafficking. In addition, we generated an in vivo zebrafish model that recapitulates the disorder we describe with developmental defects affecting the forebrain, including the eyes, as well as craniofacial abnormalities, further demonstrating the pathogenic effect of the PIP5K1C variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.
| | - Rossella Venditti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Evangelos Theodorou
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren C Briere
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Alfonsina Tirozzi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roberta Tammaro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nour Al-Badri
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Frances A High
- Division of Medical Genetics & Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elena Putti
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Luigi Ferrante
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Cetrangolo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Melissa A Walker
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurogenetics, Child Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Romano Tenconi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Medical Genetics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Davide Mei
- Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Neuroscience Department, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Neuroscience Department, Florence, Italy
| | - Jasper van der Smagt
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hester Y Kroes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen L I van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center & King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veronica Pingault
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, et Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, et Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jeannine Amiel
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, et Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Resham Ejaz
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lance Rodan
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Medical Genetics, A. Gemelli School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - David A Sweetser
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II," Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Deng R, Medico-Salsench E, Nikoncuk A, Ramakrishnan R, Lanko K, Kühn NA, van der Linde HC, Lor-Zade S, Albuainain F, Shi Y, Yousefi S, Capo I, van den Herik EM, van Slegtenhorst M, van Minkelen R, Geeven G, Mulder MT, Ruijter GJG, Lütjohann D, Jacobs EH, Houlden H, Pagnamenta AT, Metcalfe K, Jackson A, Banka S, De Simone L, Schwaede A, Kuntz N, Palculict TB, Abbas S, Umair M, AlMuhaizea M, Colak D, AlQudairy H, Alsagob M, Pereira C, Trunzo R, Karageorgou V, Bertoli-Avella AM, Bauer P, Bouman A, Hoefsloot LH, van Ham TJ, Issa M, Zaki MS, Gleeson JG, Willemsen R, Kaya N, Arold ST, Maroofian R, Sanderson LE, Barakat TS. AMFR dysfunction causes autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia in human that is amenable to statin treatment in a preclinical model. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:353-368. [PMID: 37119330 PMCID: PMC10328903 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are rare, inherited neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders that mainly present with lower limb spasticity and muscle weakness due to motor neuron dysfunction. Whole genome sequencing identified bi-allelic truncating variants in AMFR, encoding a RING-H2 finger E3 ubiquitin ligase anchored at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in two previously genetically unexplained HSP-affected siblings. Subsequently, international collaboration recognized additional HSP-affected individuals with similar bi-allelic truncating AMFR variants, resulting in a cohort of 20 individuals from 8 unrelated, consanguineous families. Variants segregated with a phenotype of mainly pure but also complex HSP consisting of global developmental delay, mild intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, and progressive spasticity. Patient-derived fibroblasts, neural stem cells (NSCs), and in vivo zebrafish modeling were used to investigate pathomechanisms, including initial preclinical therapy assessment. The absence of AMFR disturbs lipid homeostasis, causing lipid droplet accumulation in NSCs and patient-derived fibroblasts which is rescued upon AMFR re-expression. Electron microscopy indicates ER morphology alterations in the absence of AMFR. Similar findings are seen in amfra-/- zebrafish larvae, in addition to altered touch-evoked escape response and defects in motor neuron branching, phenocopying the HSP observed in patients. Interestingly, administration of FDA-approved statins improves touch-evoked escape response and motor neuron branching defects in amfra-/- zebrafish larvae, suggesting potential therapeutic implications. Our genetic and functional studies identify bi-allelic truncating variants in AMFR as a cause of a novel autosomal recessive HSP by altering lipid metabolism, which may potentially be therapeutically modulated using precision medicine with statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Deng
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Medico-Salsench
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Nikoncuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reshmi Ramakrishnan
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kristina Lanko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolas A. Kühn
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Lor-Zade
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fatimah Albuainain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuwei Shi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soheil Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Capo
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick van Minkelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Geeven
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George J. G. Ruijter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Edwin H. Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alistair T. Pagnamenta
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Lenika De Simone
- Division of Neurology, Division of Genetics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Abigail Schwaede
- Division of Neurology, Division of Genetics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Nancy Kuntz
- Division of Neurology, Division of Genetics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biological Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed AlMuhaizea
- Neuroscience Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), MBC: 76, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Molecular Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), MBC: 03, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan AlQudairy
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 26, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 26, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
- Applied Genomics Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arjan Bouman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lies H. Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mahmoud Issa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S. Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Joseph G. Gleeson
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Namik Kaya
- Translational Genomics Department, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC: 26, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Leslie E. Sanderson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tahsin Stefan Barakat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Whole Genome Sequencing Implementation and Research Task Force, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Discovery Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Umair M, Waqas A. Undiagnosed Rare Genetic Disorders: Importance of Functional Characterization of Variants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1469. [PMID: 37510373 PMCID: PMC10379732 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare Genetic Disorders (RGDs) are defined as disorders that affect less than 1 in 2000 people, and collectively affect more than 300 million people worldwide [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mahmood A, Samad A, Bano S, Umair M, Ajmal A, Ilyas I, Shah AA, Li P, Hu J. Structural and dynamics insights into the GBA variants associated with Parkinson's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37434319 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2233617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The GBA1 gene encodes for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which maintains glycosphingolipid homeostasis and regulates the autophagy process. Genomic variants of GBA1 are associated with Goucher disease; however, several heterozygous variants of GBA (E326K, T369M, N370S, L444P) are frequent high-risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). The underlying mechanism of these variants has been revealed through functional and patient-centered research, but the structural and dynamical aspects of these variants have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In the current study, we used a thorough computational method to pinpoint the structural changes that GBA underwent because of genomic variants and drug binding mechanisms. According to our findings, PD-linked nsSNP variants of GBA showed structural variation and abnormal dynamics when compared to wild-typ. The docking analysis demonstrated that the mutants E326K, N370S, and L444P have higher binding affinities for Ambroxol. Root means square deviation (RMSD), Root mean square fluctuation analysis (RMSF), and MM-GBSA analysis confirmed that the Ambroxol are more stable in the binding site of N370S and L444P, and that their binding affinities are stronger as compared to the wild-type and T369M variants of GBA. The evaluation of hydrogen bonds and the calculation of the free binding energy provided additional evidence in favor of this conclusion. When docked with Ambroxol, GBA demonstrated an increase in binding affinity and catalytic activity. Understanding the therapeutic efficacy and potential against the aforementioned changes in the GBA will be beneficial in order to use more efficient methods for developing novel drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Abdus Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Bano
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amar Ajmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junjian Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Thomson AM, McHugh TA, Oron AP, Teply C, Lonberg N, Vilchis Tella V, Wilner LB, Fuller K, Hagins H, Aboagye RG, Aboye MB, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Zaid A, Addo IY, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, AlRyalat SAS, Amu H, Aravkin AY, Arulappan J, Atout MMW, Badiye AD, Bagherieh S, Banach M, Banakar M, Bardhan M, Barrow A, Bedane DA, Bensenor IM, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhardwaj PV, Bhat AN, Bhutta ZA, Bilalaga MM, Bishai JD, Bitaraf S, Boloor A, Butt MH, Chattu VK, Chu DT, Dadras O, Dai X, Danaei B, Dang AK, Demisse FW, Dhimal M, Diaz D, Djalalinia S, Dongarwar D, Elhadi M, Elmonem MA, Esezobor CI, Etaee F, Eyawo O, Fagbamigbe AF, Fatehizadeh A, Force LM, Gardner WM, Ghaffari K, Gill PS, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gupta VK, Hasani H, Hassan TS, Hassen MB, Ibitoye SE, Ikiroma AI, Iwu CCD, James PB, Jayaram S, Jebai R, Jha RP, Joseph N, Kalantar F, Kandel H, Karaye IM, Kassahun WD, Khan IA, Khanmohammadi S, Kisa A, Kompani F, Krishan K, Landires I, Lim SS, Mahajan PB, Mahjoub S, Majeed A, Marasini BP, Meresa HA, Mestrovic T, Minhas S, Misganaw A, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Mustafa G, Nair TS, Narasimha Swamy S, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Naveed M, Nayak BP, Noubiap JJ, Noyes T, Nri-ezedi CA, Nwatah VE, Nzoputam CI, Nzoputam OJ, Okonji OC, Onikan AO, Owolabi MO, Patel J, Pati S, Pawar S, Petcu IR, Piel FB, Qattea I, Rahimi M, Rahman M, Rawaf S, Redwan EMM, Rezaei N, Saddik B, Saeed U, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Samy AM, Schumacher AE, Shaker E, Shetty A, Sibhat MM, Singh JA, Suleman M, Sunuwar DR, Szeto MD, Tamuzi JJLL, Tat NY, Taye BT, Temsah MH, Umair M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Wang C, Wickramasinghe ND, Yigit A, Yiğit V, Yunusa I, Zaman BA, Zangiabadian M, Zheng P, Hay SI, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Kassebaum NJ. Global, regional, and national prevalence and mortality burden of sickle cell disease, 2000-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Haematol 2023:S2352-3026(23)00118-7. [PMID: 37331373 PMCID: PMC10390339 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(23)00118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous global analyses, with known underdiagnosis and single cause per death attribution systems, provide only a small insight into the suspected high population health effect of sickle cell disease. Completed as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, this study delivers a comprehensive global assessment of prevalence of sickle cell disease and mortality burden by age and sex for 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2021. METHODS We estimated cause-specific sickle cell disease mortality using standardised GBD approaches, in which each death is assigned to a single underlying cause, to estimate mortality rates from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded vital registration, surveillance, and verbal autopsy data. In parallel, our goal was to estimate a more accurate account of sickle cell disease health burden using four types of epidemiological data on sickle cell disease: birth incidence, age-specific prevalence, with-condition mortality (total deaths), and excess mortality (excess deaths). Systematic reviews, supplemented with ICD-coded hospital discharge and insurance claims data, informed this modelling approach. We employed DisMod-MR 2.1 to triangulate between these measures-borrowing strength from predictive covariates and across age, time, and geography-and generated internally consistent estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality for three distinct genotypes of sickle cell disease: homozygous sickle cell disease and severe sickle cell β-thalassaemia, sickle-haemoglobin C disease, and mild sickle cell β-thalassaemia. Summing the three models yielded final estimates of incidence at birth, prevalence by age and sex, and total sickle cell disease mortality, the latter of which was compared directly against cause-specific mortality estimates to evaluate differences in mortality burden assessment and implications for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). FINDINGS Between 2000 and 2021, national incidence rates of sickle cell disease were relatively stable, but total births of babies with sickle cell disease increased globally by 13·7% (95% uncertainty interval 11·1-16·5), to 515 000 (425 000-614 000), primarily due to population growth in the Caribbean and western and central sub-Saharan Africa. The number of people living with sickle cell disease globally increased by 41·4% (38·3-44·9), from 5·46 million (4·62-6·45) in 2000 to 7·74 million (6·51-9·2) in 2021. We estimated 34 400 (25 000-45 200) cause-specific all-age deaths globally in 2021, but total sickle cell disease mortality burden was nearly 11-times higher at 376 000 (303 000-467 000). In children younger than 5 years, there were 81 100 (58 800-108 000) deaths, ranking total sickle cell disease mortality as 12th (compared to 40th for cause-specific sickle cell disease mortality) across all causes estimated by the GBD in 2021. INTERPRETATION Our findings show a strikingly high contribution of sickle cell disease to all-cause mortality that is not apparent when each death is assigned to only a single cause. Sickle cell disease mortality burden is highest in children, especially in countries with the greatest under-5 mortality rates. Without comprehensive strategies to address morbidity and mortality associated with sickle cell disease, attainment of SDG 3.1, 3.2, and 3.4 is uncertain. Widespread data gaps and correspondingly high uncertainty in the estimates highlight the urgent need for routine and sustained surveillance efforts, further research to assess the contribution of conditions associated with sickle cell disease, and widespread deployment of evidence-based prevention and treatment for those with sickle cell disease. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Li Y, Umair M. The Protective Nature of Gold During Times of Oil Price Volatility: An Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Extr Ind Soc 2023:101284. [PMID: 37362401 PMCID: PMC10242154 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2023.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This research explores gold's safe-haven properties amid oil price instability, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. The study examines how gold hedges against oil price swings in the context of the pandemic's exceptional market circumstances. A VAR (Vector Autoregressive) model analyzes gold and oil prices from 2006 through 2021. The VAR model reflects the dynamic interactions and interdependencies between these two essential commodities in the context of oil price volatility and the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis shows that gold protects against oil price volatility and the COVID-19 pandemic-gold buffers against oil price swings due to its strong inverse association with oil prices. Gold offers investors security and asset preservation during significant oil price volatility. In light of oil price volatility and the COVID-19 pandemic, the study helps explain gold's importance as a diversification tool and haven asset. Investors, policymakers, and market players should consider gold as a hedge against oil price volatility and economic instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Finance, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Economics and Management, International College of Chongqing Jiatong University, China
| | - Muhammad Umair
- School of Finance, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Economics and Management, International College of Chongqing Jiatong University, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Qasim Gilani S, Syed T, Umair M, Marques O. Skin Cancer Classification Using Deep Spiking Neural Network. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:1137-1147. [PMID: 36690775 PMCID: PMC10287885 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the primary causes of death globally, and experts diagnose it by visual inspection, which can be inaccurate. The need for developing a computer-aided method to aid dermatologists in diagnosing skin cancer is highlighted by the fact that early identification can lower the number of deaths caused by skin malignancies. Among computer-aided techniques, deep learning is the most popular for identifying cancer from skin lesion images. Due to their power-efficient behavior, spiking neural networks are attractive deep neural networks for hardware implementation. We employed deep spiking neural networks using the surrogate gradient descent method to classify 3670 melanoma and 3323 non-melanoma images from the ISIC 2019 dataset. We achieved an accuracy of 89.57% and an F1 score of 90.07% using the proposed spiking VGG-13 model, which is higher than the VGG-13 and AlexNet using less trainable parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Qasim Gilani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, 33431 FL USA
| | - Tehreem Syed
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01069 Saxony Germany
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, 22030 VA USA
| | - Oge Marques
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, 33431 FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Umair M, Scheeren VFDC, Beitsma MM, Colleoni S, Galli C, Lazzari G, de Ruijter-Villani M, Stout TAE, Claes A. In Vitro-Produced Equine Blastocysts Exhibit Greater Dispersal and Intermingling of Inner Cell Mass Cells than In Vivo Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119619. [PMID: 37298570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro production (IVP) of equine embryos is increasingly popular in clinical practice but suffers from higher incidences of early embryonic loss and monozygotic twin development than transfer of in vivo derived (IVD) embryos. Early embryo development is classically characterized by two cell fate decisions: (1) first, trophectoderm (TE) cells differentiate from inner cell mass (ICM); (2) second, the ICM segregates into epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PE). This study examined the influence of embryo type (IVD versus IVP), developmental stage or speed, and culture environment (in vitro versus in vivo) on the expression of the cell lineage markers, CDX-2 (TE), SOX-2 (EPI) and GATA-6 (PE). The numbers and distribution of cells expressing the three lineage markers were evaluated in day 7 IVD early blastocysts (n = 3) and blastocysts (n = 3), and in IVP embryos first identified as blastocysts after 7 (fast development, n = 5) or 9 (slow development, n = 9) days. Furthermore, day 7 IVP blastocysts were examined after additional culture for 2 days either in vitro (n = 5) or in vivo (after transfer into recipient mares, n = 3). In IVD early blastocysts, SOX-2 positive cells were encircled by GATA-6 positive cells in the ICM, with SOX-2 co-expression in some presumed PE cells. In IVD blastocysts, SOX-2 expression was exclusive to the compacted presumptive EPI, while GATA-6 and CDX-2 expression were consistent with PE and TE specification, respectively. In IVP blastocysts, SOX-2 and GATA-6 positive cells were intermingled and relatively dispersed, and co-expression of SOX-2 or GATA-6 was evident in some CDX-2 positive TE cells. IVP blastocysts had lower TE and total cell numbers than IVD blastocysts and displayed larger mean inter-EPI cell distances; these features were more pronounced in slower-developing IVP blastocysts. Transferring IVP blastocysts into recipient mares led to the compaction of SOX-2 positive cells into a presumptive EPI, whereas extended in vitro culture did not. In conclusion, IVP equine embryos have a poorly compacted ICM with intermingled EPI and PE cells; features accentuated in slowly developing embryos but remedied by transfer to a recipient mare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mabel M Beitsma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea srl, Via Porcellasco 7/F, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Marta de Ruijter-Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Claes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang Y, Umair M. Examining the interconnectedness of green finance: an analysis of dynamic spillover effects among green bonds, renewable energy, and carbon markets. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27870-w. [PMID: 37261685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is growing importance of green finance as a means to finance sustainable projects and reduce carbon emissions. Green bonds have emerged as an important financing tool in this context, and there is a need to understand how they are interconnected with other components of the green finance ecosystem, such as renewable energy and carbon markets. This study investigates the interconnectivity of green finance by analyzing the dynamic spillover effects among green bonds, renewable energy stocks, and carbon markets. Using daily data spanning from January 2010 to December 2020, vector autoregressive models and time-varying parameter models are applied to examine the transmission channels of shocks among these assets. The results reveal significant dynamic spillover effects between green bonds and renewable energy stocks, as well as between carbon markets and renewable energy stocks. Additionally, the findings suggest a complementary relationship between green bonds and carbon markets. This study provides insights into the interdependence of different green financial instruments and their role in promoting sustainable development. The outcomes of the research can guide policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding green finance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YaFei Zhang
- Pai Chai University, 302735, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Economics, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ajmal A, Mahmood A, Hayat C, Hakami MA, Alotaibi BS, Umair M, Abdalla AN, Li P, He P, Wadood A, Hu J. Computer-assisted drug repurposing for thymidylate kinase drug target in monkeypox virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1159389. [PMID: 37313340 PMCID: PMC10258308 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by brick-shaped enveloped monkeypox (Mpox) virus that belongs to the family of ancient viruses known as Poxviridae. Subsequently, the viruses have been reported in various countries. The virus is transmitted by respiratory droplets, skin lesions, and infected body fluids. The infected patients experience fluid-filled blisters, maculopapular rash, myalgia, and fever. Due to the lack of effective drugs or vaccines, there is a need to identify the most potent and effective drugs to reduce the spread of monkeypox. The current study aimed to use computational methods to quickly identify potentially effective drugs against the Mpox virus. Methods In our study, the Mpox protein thymidylate kinase (A48R) was targeted because it is a unique drug target. We screened a library of 9000 FDA-approved compounds of the DrugBank database by using various in silico approaches, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Results Based on docking score and interaction analysis, compounds DB12380, DB13276, DB13276, DB11740, DB14675, DB11978, DB08526, DB06573, DB15796, DB08223, DB11736, DB16250, and DB16335 were predicted as the most potent. To examine the dynamic behavior and stability of the docked complexes, three compounds-DB16335, DB15796, and DB16250 -along with the Apo state were simulated for 300ns. The results revealed that compound DB16335 revealed the best docking score (-9.57 kcal/mol) against the Mpox protein thymidylate kinase. Discussion Additionally, during the 300 ns MD simulation period, thymidylate kinase DB16335 showed great stability. Further, in vitro and in vivo study is recommended for the final predicted compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Ajmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chandni Hayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S. Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pei He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Computational Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Junjian Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nawaz H, Khan SA, Bibi F, Waqas A, Bari A, Khan N, Muhammad N, Khan A, Paracha SA, Alam Q, Kamal MA, Rafeeq MM, Muhammad N, Haq FU, Khan S, Mahmood A, Khan S, Umair M. Biallelic Variants in Seven Different Genes Associated with Clinically Suspected Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051113. [PMID: 37239474 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive multi-systemic disorder with 22 known genes. The primary clinical and diagnostic features include six different hallmarks, such as rod-cone dystrophy, learning difficulties, renal abnormalities, male hypogonadism, post-axial polydactyly, and obesity. Here, we report nine consanguineous families and a non-consanguineous family with several affected individuals presenting typical clinical features of BBS. In the present study, 10 BBS Pakistani families were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES), which revealed novel/recurrent gene variants, including a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.94C>T; p.Gln32Ter) in the IFT27 (NM_006860.5) gene in family A, a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.160A>T; p.Lys54Ter) in the BBIP1 (NM_001195306.1) gene in family B, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.720C>A; p.Cys240Ter) in the WDPCP (NM_015910.7) in family C, a homozygous nonsense variant (c.505A>T; p.Lys169Ter) in the LZTFL1 (NM_020347.4) in family D, pathogenic homozygous 1 bp deletion (c.775delA; p.Thr259Leufs*21) in the MKKS/BBS5 (NM_170784.3) gene in family E, a pathogenic homozygous missense variant (c.1339G>A; p.Ala447Thr) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in families F and G, a pathogenic homozygous donor splice site variant (c.951+1G>A; p?) in BBS1 (NM_024649.4) in family H, a pathogenic bi-allelic nonsense variant in MKKS (NM_170784.3) (c.119C>G; p.Ser40*) in family I, and homozygous pathogenic frameshift variants (c.196delA; p.Arg66Glufs*12) in BBS5 (NM_152384.3) in family J. Our findings extend the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of four different types of ciliopathies causing BBS and also support the importance of these genes in the development of multi-systemic human genetic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Sher Alam Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Farhana Bibi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Department Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54782, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Bari
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Niamatullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Nazif Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences (Zoology), University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat 28420, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Aziz Paracha
- Department of Anatomy, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Qamre Alam
- Molecular Genomics and Precision Medicine, ExpressMed Laboratories, Block Zinj, Manama 359, Bahrain
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Ul Haq
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Khan
- Hafeez Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, H-10, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore 14611, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Umair M, Hu X, Cheng Q, Ali S, Ni J. Distribution patterns of fern species richness along elevations the Tibetan Plateau in China: regional differences and effects of climate change variables. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1178603. [PMID: 37229119 PMCID: PMC10203567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1178603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Because of its distinct geological history, frigid temperature, and rich biodiversity, the Tibetan Plateau gives an excellent opportunity to assess the effect of climate change on determining species richness. The distribution patterns of fern species richness and their underlying processes have long been a matter of debate in ecology research, with various hypotheses suggested over the years. Here, we explore richness patterns of fern species in Xizang on the southern and western Tibetan Plateau along an elevational gradient (100-5300 m a.s.l.) and evaluate climatic factors causing the spatial decrease and increase of fern species richness. We used regression and correlation analyses to relate the species richness with elevation and climatic variables. Throughout our research, we identified 441 fern species from 97 genera and 30 families. The Dryopteridaceae family (S = 97) has the highest number of species. All energy-temperature and moisture variables except drought index (DI) had a significant correlation with elevation. The altitude has a unimodal relationship with fern species, and the species richness is the largest at an altitude of 2500 m. The horizontal richness pattern of fern species on the Tibetan Plateau also showed that areas of extremely high species richness are mainly distributed in Zayü and Mêdog County, with an average elevation of 2800 m and 2500 m, respectively. The richness of fern species has a log-linear relationship with moisture-related factors such as moisture index (MI), mean annual precipitation (MAP), and drought index (DI). Because the peak corresponds spatially with the MI index, the unimodal patterns confirm the significance of moisture on fern distributions. Our results showed that mid-altitudes have the highest species richness (high MI), but high elevations have lower richness due to high solar radiation, and low elevations have lower richness due to high temperatures and low precipitation. Twenty-two of the total species are classified as nearly threatened, vulnerable or critically endangered, and varied in elevation from 800 m to 4200 m. Such relationships between the distribution and richness of fern species and climates on the Tibetan Plateau can provide data support for future predictions of the impacts of climate change scenarios on fern species, the ecological protection of representative fern species, and references for the planning and construction of nature reserves in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian Ni
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Umair, ; Jian Ni,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Umair M, Fishman EK, Zimmerman SL. Applications of Cinematic Rendering in the Diagnoses of Compressive Complications of Saphenous Venous Graft Pseudoaneurysms: A Pictorial Essay. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2023; 52:164-168. [PMID: 36481297 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoaneurysms arising from the saphenous venous graft (SVGs) are an uncommon complication of the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Although angiography is the gold standard, computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the coronary arteries is the most efficient modality to diagnose these cases and their associated complications. Among numerous possible complications of SVG pseudoaneurysms, local mass effect on the cardiac chambers, adjacent pulmonary vasculature or coronary arteries/bypass grafts have been described. Cinematic rendering, an advanced post-processing technique can be valuable for problem solving in complex cases. In this pictorial essay, we report 3 CT cases of SVG pseudoaneurysms that demonstrate a range of CT imaging appearances of SVG pseudoaneurysms and related complications. Additionally, we will emphasize the applications of cinematic rendering in visualization of complex post-surgical cardiovascular pathology. This manuscript is designed as a pictorial essay of 3 complex cases given the relative uncommon nature of this pathology and the availability of cinematic rendering as an advanced post-processing modality. We demonstrated 3 imaging examples of utilization of cinematic rendering (CR) to demonstrate complex anatomical details of the mass-effect and compression related complications associated with SVG pseudoaneurysms. A side-by-side comparison with conventional volume rendering (VR) is also performed in 1 case for perspective and to show improved comparative visual appeal of the CR given better depth perception and more natural appearing illumination. The technical differences of the 2 techniques are also briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD..
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stefan L Zimmerman
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|