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Favaloro J, Bryant CE, Abadir E, Gardiner S, Yang S, King T, Nassif N, Sedger LM, Boyle R, Joshua DE, Ho PJ. Single-cell analysis of the CD8 + T-cell compartment in multiple myeloma reveals disease specific changes are chiefly restricted to a CD69 - subset suggesting potent cytotoxic effectors exist within the tumor bed. Haematologica 2024; 109:1220-1232. [PMID: 37794800 PMCID: PMC10985429 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease of the bone marrow (BM) characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. While CD8+ T cells have an established role in disease control, few studies have focused on these cells within the MM tumor microenvironment (TME). We analyzed CD8+ T cells in the BM and peripheral blood (PB) of untreated patients with MM and non-myeloma controls using flow cytometry, mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing, using several novel bioinformatics workflows. Inter-tissue differences were most evident in the differential expression of Granzymes B and K, which were strongly associated with two distinct subsets of CD8+ T cells delineated by the expression of CD69, accounting for roughly 50% of BM-CD8+ T cells of all assessed cohorts. While few differences were observable between health and disease in the BM-restricted CD8CD69+ T-cell subset, the CD8+CD69- T-cell subset in the BM of untreated MM patients demonstrated increased representation of highly differentiated effector cells and evident compositional parallels between the PB, absent in age-matched controls, where a marked reduction of effector cells was observed. We demonstrate the transcriptional signature of BM-CD8+ T cells from patients with MM more closely resembles TCR-activated CD8+ T cells from age-matched controls than their resting counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Favaloro
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW.
| | - Christian E Bryant
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
| | - Edward Abadir
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Samuel Gardiner
- Sydney Local Health District Clinical Research Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW
| | - Shihong Yang
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW
| | - Tracy King
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Najah Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW
| | - Lisa M Sedger
- Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital. Westmead NSW, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Virus research, Westmead Institute for Medical research. Westmead NSW, Sydney
| | - Richard Boyle
- Orthopaedics Department, Sydney Local Health District, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW
| | - Douglas E Joshua
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - P Joy Ho
- Institute of Haematology, Multiple Myeloma Research Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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Chen H, Lin Y, Chen Y, Chen S, Nassif N, McGowan E. P-86 The importance of sphingosine kinase 1 isoform expression in the gut-liver axis. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Chen H, Lin Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Zhu X, Nassif N, McGowan E. P-295 The importance of sphingosine kinase 1 isoform expression in the gut-liver axis. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Beehan-Quirk C, Jarman L, Maharaj S, Simpson A, Nassif N, Lal S. Investigating the effects of fatigue on blood glucose levels – Implications for diabetes. Translational Metabolic Syndrome Research 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmsr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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5
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Marsh-Wakefield F, Kruzins A, McGuire HM, Yang S, Bryant C, Fazekas de St Groth B, Nassif N, Byrne SN, Gibson J, Brown C, Larsen S, McCulloch D, Boyle R, Clark G, Joshua D, Ho PJ, Vuckovic S. Mass Cytometry Discovers Two Discrete Subsets of CD39 -Treg Which Discriminate MGUS From Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1596. [PMID: 31428081 PMCID: PMC6688400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is preceded by the clinically stable condition monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Critical immune events that discriminate MGUS from newly diagnosed MM (ND)MM patients remain unknown, but may involve changes in the regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment that favor myeloma growth. To address this possibility, we used mass cytometry and the unsupervised clustering algorithm Flow self-organizing map (FlowSOM) to interrogate the distribution of multiple subsets within CD25+CD127low/negTreg in matched bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of MGUS and NDMM patients. Both mass cytometry and flow cytometry confirmed a trend toward prevalence of CD39-Treg within the Treg compartment in BM and PB of NDMM patients compared to CD39-Treg in MGUS patients. FlowSOM clustering displayed a phenotypic organization of Treg into 25 metaclusters that confirmed Treg heterogeneity. It identified two subsets which emerged within CD39-Treg of NDMM patients that were negligible or absent in CD39-Treg of MGUS patients. One subset was found in both BM and PB which phenotypically resembled activated Treg based on CD45RO, CD49d, and CD62L expression; another subset resembled BM-resident Treg based on its tissue-resident CD69+CD62L-CD49d- phenotype and restricted location within the BM. Both subsets co-expressed PD-1 and TIGIT, but PD-1 was expressed at higher levels on BM-resident Treg than on activated Treg. Within BM, both subsets had limited Perforin and Granzyme B production, whilst activated Treg in PB acquired high Perforin and Granzyme B production. In conclusion, the use of mass cytometry and FlowSOM clustering discovered two discrete subsets of CD39-Treg which are discordant in MGUS and NDMM patients and may be permissive of myeloma growth which warrants further study. Understanding the regulatory properties of these subsets may also advance MGUS and MM diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic implications for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Marsh-Wakefield
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annabel Kruzins
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shihong Yang
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian Bryant
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Najah Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Gibson
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Brown
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Larsen
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek McCulloch
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Boyle
- Orthopaedics Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina Clark
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Joshua
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phoebe Joy Ho
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Slavica Vuckovic
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Institute of Haematology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Berlucchi M, Nassif N, Redaelli de Zinis L. Cover Image. Clin Otolaryngol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen H, McGowan EM, Ren N, Lal S, Nassif N, Shad-Kaneez F, Qu X, Lin Y. Nattokinase: A Promising Alternative in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918785130. [PMID: 30013308 PMCID: PMC6043915 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918785130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world and our approach to the control and management of CVD mortality is limited. Nattokinase (NK), the most active ingredient of natto, possesses a variety of favourable cardiovascular effects and the consumption of Natto has been linked to a reduction in CVD mortality. Recent research has demonstrated that NK has potent fibrinolytic activity, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, and lipid-lowering, antiplatelet, and neuroprotective effects. This review covers the major pharmacologic effects of NK with a focus on its clinical relevance to CVD. It outlines the advantages of NK and the outstanding issues pertaining to NK pharmacokinetics. Available evidence suggests that NK is a unique natural compound that possesses several key cardiovascular beneficial effects for patients with CVD and is therefore an ideal drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Nattokinase is a promising alternative in the management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eileen M McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Nina Ren
- Guangdong Online Hospital Clinic, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sara Lal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Najah Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Fatima Shad-Kaneez
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Xianqin Qu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
- Yiguang Lin, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Grazioli P, Bazzana T, Berlucchi M, Nassif N, Tonni D, Redaelli de Zinis LO. Minimally invasive approach to suppurated cervical lymphadenitis in children: Our experience on 60 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:1177-1179. [PMID: 29687954 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Grazioli
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Children Hospital "ASST Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - T Bazzana
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Children Hospital "ASST Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - M Berlucchi
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Children Hospital "ASST Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - N Nassif
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Children Hospital "ASST Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - D Tonni
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Children Hospital "ASST Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - L O Redaelli de Zinis
- Pediatric Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Children Hospital "ASST Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Section of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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9
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Berlucchi M, Nassif N, Redaelli de Zinis LO. Simultaneous operative use of both hands during laryngeal rigid endoscopic surgery. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:1186-1188. [PMID: 29480956 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Berlucchi
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Nassif
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Winata P, Williams M, McGowan E, Nassif N, van Zandwijk N, Reid G. The analysis of novel microRNA mimic sequences in cancer cells reveals lack of specificity in stem-loop RT-qPCR-based microRNA detection. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:600. [PMID: 29149911 PMCID: PMC5693513 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are frequently downregulated in cancer, and restoring expression has tumour suppressive activity in tumour cells. Our recent phase I clinical trial investigated microRNA-based therapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Treatment with TargomiRs, microRNA mimics with novel sequence packaged in EGFR antibody-targeted bacterial minicells, revealed clear signs of clinical activity. In order to detect delivery of microRNA mimics to tumour cells in future clinical trials, we tested hydrolysis probe-based assays specific for the sequence of the novel mimics in transfected mesothelioma cell lines using RT-qPCR. RESULTS The custom assays efficiently and specifically amplified the consensus mimics. However, we found that these assays gave a signal when total RNA from untransfected and control mimic-transfected cells were used as templates. Further investigation revealed that the reverse transcription step using stem-loop primers appeared to introduce substantial non-specific amplification with either total RNA or synthetic RNA templates. This suggests that reverse transcription using stem-loop primers suffers from an intrinsic lack of specificity for the detection of highly similar microRNAs in the same family, especially when analysing total RNA. These results suggest that RT-qPCR is unlikely to be an effective means to detect delivery of microRNA mimic-based drugs to tumour cells in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Winata
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Marissa Williams
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eileen McGowan
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Najah Nassif
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Abstract
The likelihood of residual hearing preservation in cochlear implantation (CI) is related to surgical factors such as type of cochleostomy (trans-fenestral vs. promontorial), use of lubricants and protective drugs, and device-related factors such as shape, length and flexibility of the array. We investigated the impact of these factors on the hearing preservation rate in adults and children with conventional audiological indications to CI. Eighty-two children aged 1-9 years and 73 adults (16-79 years) received a CI in the right (59%) or left ear (41%). An anterior-inferior promontorial cochleostomy was performed in 143 ears (92%); a trans-fenestral approach was used in 12 (8%). A perimodiolar electrode was implanted in 144 ears (93%), and a straight electrode in the remaining 11 (7%). Overall, some post-operative hearing was retained in 39% of ears. The rate of preservation was higher at the low than at the high frequencies. When correlated with age, side of implant, implant model and type of cochleostomy, the mean threshold variations did not reach statistical significance for any of these variables. A slight trend in favour of better residual hearing preservation in children vs. adults was seen, especially at lower frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zanetti
- Audiology Department, University of Milano, IRCSS Policlinico "Ca' Granda", Milano, Italy
| | - N Nassif
- Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Department, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - L O Redaelli de Zinis
- Paediatric Otorhinolaryngology Department, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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De Zinis LOR, Berlucchi M, Nassif N. Double-handed endoscopic myringoplasty with a holding system in children: Preliminary observations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 96:127-130. [PMID: 28390601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty is a newly-introduced technique for reconstruction of tympanic membrane perforation that offers the advantage to obviate postauricular incision. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a double-handed endoscope holder transcanal myringoplasty in children. This technique permits bimanual execution of the procedure and allows the surgeon to overcome the two significant issues of single-handed endoscope surgery, i.e. easy domination of a bloody field and smooth introduction of the graft. METHODS A prospective non-randomized study of 10 consecutive primary endoscope holder-aided myringoplasties was performed; 3 mm or 4 mm 0° rigid endoscopes were used. A xenograft, biologic soft tissue, was applied in all cases. RESULTS All procedures were performed successfully. Duration of surgery was faster than with a single-handed procedure and varied between 20 and 60 min. The tympanic membrane healed successfully in all patients. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary experience in children, a bimanual endoscopic holder-aided myringoplasty technique offers the possibility to overcome the obstacles encountered in a single-handed technique, since it can replicate the same concept of a bimanual microscopic approach and allow for easy management of a bloody field and introduction of the graft in the middle ear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Berlucchi
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Nassif
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
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Lees T, Nassif N, Simpson A, Shad-Kaneez F, Martiniello-Wilks R, Lin Y, Jones A, Qu X, Lal S. Recent advances in molecular biomarkers for diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Biomarkers 2017; 22:604-613. [PMID: 28074664 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1279216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes is a growing global metabolic epidemic. Current research is focussing on exploring how the biological processes and clinical outcomes of diabetes are related and developing novel biomarkers to measure these relationships, as this can subsequently improve diagnostic, therapeutic and management capacity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify the most recent advances in molecular biomarkers of diabetes and directions that warrant further research. METHODS Using a systematic search strategy, the MEDLINE, CINAHL and OVID MEDLINE databases were canvassed for articles that investigated molecular biomarkers for diabetes. Initial selections were made based on article title, whilst final inclusion was informed by a critical appraisal of the full text of each article. RESULTS The systematic search returned 246 records, of which 113 were unique. Following screening, 29 records were included in the final review. Three main research strategies (the development of novel technologies, broad biomarker panels, and targeted approaches) identified a number of potential biomarkers for diabetes including miR-126, C-reactive protein, 2-aminoadipic acid and betatrophin. CONCLUSION The most promising research avenue identified is the detection and quantification of micro RNA. Further, the utilisation of functionalised electrodes as a means to detect biomarker compounds also warrants attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Lees
- a Neuroscience Research Unit , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,c Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Najah Nassif
- b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,c Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Ann Simpson
- b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,c Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Fatima Shad-Kaneez
- b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,c Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Rosetta Martiniello-Wilks
- b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,c Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Allan Jones
- b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Xianqin Qu
- b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,c Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
| | - Sara Lal
- a Neuroscience Research Unit , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,b Chronic Disease Solutions Team , School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia.,c Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW , Australia
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14
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Eslami A, Zaslawski C, Nassif N, Zaslawski C, Lal S. HRV changes in response to working memory and attention tasks in white-collar workers. Front Hum Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2017.224.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Suen H, Brown R, Yang S, Weatherburn C, Ho PJ, Woodland N, Nassif N, Barbaro P, Bryant C, Hart D, Gibson J, Joshua D. Multiple myeloma causes clonal T-cell immunosenescence: identification of potential novel targets for promoting tumour immunity and implications for checkpoint blockade. Leukemia 2016; 30:1716-24. [PMID: 27102208 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumour-induced dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) may contribute to immune escape and be responsible for the lack of therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. We therefore investigated dysfunctional clonal T cells in MM and demonstrated immunosenescence but not exhaustion as a predominant feature. T-cell clones were detected in 75% of MM patients and their prognostic significance was revalidated in a new post-immunomodulatory drug cohort. The cells exhibited a senescent secretory effector phenotype: KLRG-1+/CD57+/CD160+/CD28-. Normal-for-age telomere lengths indicate that senescence is telomere independent and potentially reversible. p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, p16 and p21 signalling pathways known to induce senescence were not elevated. Telomerase activity was found to be elevated and this may explain how normal telomere lengths are maintained in senescent cells. T-cell receptor signalling checkpoints were normal but elevated SMAD levels associated with T-cell inactivation were detected and may provide a potential target for the reversal of clonal T-cell dysfunction in MM. Low programmed death 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 expression detected on T-cell clones infers that these cells are not exhausted but suggests that there would be a suboptimal response to immune checkpoint blockade in MM. Our data suggest that other immunostimulatory strategies are required in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suen
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Brown
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Yang
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Weatherburn
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney University Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P J Ho
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney University Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Woodland
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Barbaro
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Bryant
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney University Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Hart
- Sydney University Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Gibson
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney University Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Joshua
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney University Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hatoum D, Yagoub D, Brennan S, Nassif N, McGowan E. P14ARF-p53-p21 alters the metabolic pathway in breast cancer – a novel proteomic global approach. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv116.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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McAuliffe S, Brown R, Catalano A, Ho PJ, Nassif N, Woodland N, Hart D, Weatherburn C, Yang S, Suen H, Paul C, Joshua D, Gibson J. Using digital polymerase chain reaction to detect minimal residual disease in myeloma by identifying FGFR3 up-regulation. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2714-6. [PMID: 25651422 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.1003061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon McAuliffe
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia.,b School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology , Sydney , Australia
| | - Ross Brown
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Alberto Catalano
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - P Joy Ho
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Najah Nassif
- b School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology , Sydney , Australia
| | - Narelle Woodland
- b School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology , Sydney , Australia
| | - Derek Hart
- c Dendritic Cell Biology and Therapeutics Group, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Claire Weatherburn
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Shihong Yang
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Hayley Suen
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia.,b School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology , Sydney , Australia
| | - Cheryl Paul
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - Douglas Joshua
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - John Gibson
- a Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney , Australia
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Nassif N, Redaelli De Zinis LO, Berlucchi M, Zanetti D. Endoscopic ventilation tube placement in the pediatric age. Clin Otolaryngol 2014; 39:50-3. [PMID: 24438199 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Nassif
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Sfeir E, Nassif N, Moukarzel C. Use of mini dental implants in ectodermal dysplasia children: follow-up of three cases. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2014; 15:207-212. [PMID: 25101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary genodermatosis characterised by a congenital defect of ectodermal structures, causing tooth malformations and anomalies. Implantology has become accepted in these subjects. However cases are often complicated by a reduction in the size of the alveolar process, making the insertion of conventional implants difficult without bone grafting. The reduced diameter of mini-implants and their ease of insertion provide an interesting solution in supporting removable or fixed prosthesis. The purpose of this paper is to report the follow-up of three cases of children (11-12 year- old) with ectodermal dysplasia in which mini-implants were used to support the prostheses. CASE REPORTS In the first case, two mini-implants were inserted into the anterior part of the mandible for stabilising a removable denture (2 years follow-up). In the other two cases, mini- implants were inserted in the maxilla and mandible to replace missing front teeth with fixed prostheses. Patients were called for follow- up every 6 months: in the sencod case follow-up lasted 4 years in the mandible and 2 years in the maxilla; in the third case, 2 years in the maxilla and 1 year in the mandible. CONCLUSION The use of mini-implants in children with ectodermal dysplasia can enhance aesthetics, and functional and psychosocial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sfeir
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - N Nassif
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - C Moukarzel
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Jounieh, Lebanon
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Favaloro J, Liyadipitiya T, Brown R, Yang S, Suen H, Woodland N, Nassif N, Hart D, Fromm P, Weatherburn C, Gibson J, Ho PJ, Joshua D. Myeloid derived suppressor cells are numerically, functionally and phenotypically different in patients with multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2893-900. [PMID: 24625328 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.904511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that have been implicated as inhibitors of lymphopoiesis in patients with malignancies. They have a consensus phenotype of CD33+/CD11b+/HLA-DRlo/- and can be further divided into CD15 + granulocytic (G-MDSC) and CD14 + monocytic (M-MDSC) subsets. We characterized MDSCs in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and found a significant increase in G-MDSCs in the blood of patients with progressive MM. Flow-sorted MDSCs from patients with MM induced the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg). MDSCs from both patients with MM and aged-matched controls demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-tracking experiments. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administered to induce stem cell mobilization caused an increase in the number of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of patients with MM and a concentration of these immune-suppressive cells in peripheral blood stem cell collections. MDSCs are likely to cause immune dysfunction in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Favaloro
- Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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21
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Gerace D, Ren B, Hawthorne WJ, Byrne MR, Phillips PM, O'Brien BA, Nassif N, Alexander IE, Simpson AM. Pancreatic transdifferentiation in porcine liver following lentiviral delivery of human furin-cleavable insulin. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:1869-74. [PMID: 23769060 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Type I diabetes mellitus (TID) results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Gene therapy is one strategy being actively explored to cure TID by affording non-β-cells the ability to secrete insulin in response to physiologic stimuli. In previous studies, we used a novel surgical technique to express furin-cleavable human insulin (INS-FUR) in the livers of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic Wistar rats and nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with the use of the HMD lentiviral vector. Normoglycemia was observed for 500 and 150 days, respectively (experimental end points). Additionally, some endocrine transdifferentiation of the liver, with storage of insulin in granules, and expression of some β-cell transcription factors (eg, Pdx1, Neurod1, Neurog3, Nkx2-2, Pax4) and pancreatic hormones in both studies. The aim of this study was to determine if this novel approach could induce liver to pancreatic transdifferentiation to reverse diabetes in pancreatectomized Westran pigs. Nine pigs were used in the study, however only one pig maintained normal fasting blood glucose levels for the period from 10 to 44 days (experimental end point). This animal was given 2.8 × 10(9) transducing units/kg of the lentiviral vector expressing INS-FUR. A normal intravenous glucose tolerance test was achieved at 30 days. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the liver tissue revealed expression of several β-cell transcription factors, including the key factors, Pdx-1 and Neurod1, pancreatic hormones, glucagon, and somatostatin; however, endogenous pig insulin was not expressed. Triple immunofluorescence showed extensive insulin expression, as was previously observed in our studies with rodents. Additionally, a small amount of glucagon and somatostatin protein expression was seen. Collectively, these data indicate that pancreatic transdifferentiation of the liver tissue had occurred. Our data suggest that this regimen may ultimately be used clinically to cure TID, however more work is required to replicate the successful reversal of diabetes in increased numbers of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gerace
- School of Medical & Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Bryant C, Suen H, Brown R, Yang S, Favaloro J, Aklilu E, Gibson J, Ho PJ, Iland H, Fromm P, Woodland N, Nassif N, Hart D, Joshua DE. Long-term survival in multiple myeloma is associated with a distinct immunological profile, which includes proliferative cytotoxic T-cell clones and a favourable Treg/Th17 balance. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e148. [PMID: 24036947 PMCID: PMC3789202 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improved outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM), a cure remains elusive. However, even before the current therapeutic era, 5% of patients survived >10 years and we propose that immune factors contribute to this longer survival. We identified patients attending our clinic, who had survived >10 years (n=20) and analysed their blood for the presence of T-cell clones, T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. These results were compared with MM patients with shorter follow-up and age-matched healthy control donors. The frequency of cytotoxic T-cell clonal expansions in patients with <10 years follow-up (MM patients) was 54% (n=144), whereas it was 100% (n=19/19) in the long-survivors (LTS-MM). T-cell clones from MM patients proliferated poorly in vitro, whereas those from LTS-MM patients proliferated readily (median proliferations 6.1% and 61.5%, respectively (P<0.0001)). In addition, we found significantly higher Th17 cells and lower Tregs in the LTS-MM group when compared with the MM group. These results indicate that long-term survival in MM is associated with a distinct immunological profile, which is consistent with decreased immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bryant
- 1] Institute of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Dendritic Cell Biology and Therapeutics, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [3] Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Ebeid E, Nassif N. Induction of labor using double balloon cervical device in women with previous cesarean section: Experience and review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2013.32056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Postpartum psychosis is a mood disorder occurring up to 3 months after delivery. Incidence is one to two women every 1,000 live births. If not detected and appropriately treated in time, it may have detrimental effects on both the mother and her baby. We report a case of puerperal psychosis in a patient with a history of depression. We have also reviewed the relevant literature discussing prediction, management and differential diagnosis of postpartum psychosis. We emphasise the importance of early detection and provision of care to all women at risk of mental illness by multidisciplinary team, including GPs, obstetricians, midwives and perinatal mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ebeid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Conquest Hospital, St Leonards on Sea, UK.
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25
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Ren B, O'Brien BA, Swan MA, Koina ME, Nassif N, Wei MQ, Simpson AM. Long-term correction of diabetes in rats after lentiviral hepatic insulin gene therapy. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1910-1920. [PMID: 17598085 PMCID: PMC1975734 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Exogenous insulin therapy cannot achieve precise physiological control of blood glucose concentrations, and debilitating complications develop. Lentiviral vectors are promising tools for liver-directed gene therapy. However, to date, transduction rates in vivo remain low in hepatocytes, without the induction of cell cycling. We investigated long-term transgene expression in quiescent hepatocytes in vitro and determined whether the lentiviral delivery of furin-cleavable insulin to the liver could reverse diabetes in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS To improve transduction efficiency in vitro, we optimised hepatocyte isolation and maintenance protocols and, using an improved surgical delivery method, delivered furin-cleavable insulin alone or empty vector to the livers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by means of a lentiviral vector. Rats were monitored for changes in body weight and blood glucose, and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed. Expression of insulin was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. RESULTS We achieved long-term transgene expression in quiescent hepatocytes in vitro (87 +/- 1.2% transduction efficiency), with up to 60 +/- 3.2% transduction in vivo. We normalised blood glucose for 500 days-a significantly longer period than previously reported-making this the first successful study using a lentiviral vector. This procedure resulted in the expression of genes encoding several beta cell transcription factors, some pancreatic endocrine transdifferentiation, hepatic insulin storage in granules, and restoration of glucose tolerance. Liver function tests remained normal. Importantly, pancreatic exocrine transdifferentiation did not occur. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that this regimen may ultimately be employed for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ren
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - B A O'Brien
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - M A Swan
- Anatomy and Histology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M E Koina
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - N Nassif
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - M Q Wei
- Gene Therapy Unit, University Department of Medicine, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A M Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Cense B, Chen TC, Nassif N, Pierce MC, Yun SH, Park BH, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ, de Boer JF. Ultra-high speed and ultra-high resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography in ophthalmology. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 2006:123-32. [PMID: 17265794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We present ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) structural intensity and optical Doppler tomography (ODT) flow velocity images of the human retina in vivo. The ultra-high speed OCT system is based on Spectral Domain or Fourier Domain technology, which provides a sensitivity advantage over conventional OCT of more than 2 orders of magnitude. This sensitivity improvement allows video rate OCT and ODT cross sectional imaging of retinal structures. Images will be presented with axial resolutions of 6 and 3.5 microns. We observed small features in the inner and outer plexiform layers, which are believed to be small blood vessels. Flow velocity images will be presented showing pulsatile flow in retinal arteries and veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cense
- Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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27
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Nassif N, Cense B, Park B, Pierce M, Yun S, Bouma B, Tearney G, Chen T, de Boer J. In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve. Opt Express 2004; 12:367-76. [PMID: 19474832 DOI: 10.1364/opex.12.000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An ultra-high-speed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system (SD-OCT) was developed for imaging the human retina and optic nerve in vivo at a sustained depth profile (A-line) acquisition speed of 29 kHz. The axial resolution was 6 microm in tissue and the system had shot-noise-limited performance with a maximum sensitivity of 98.4 dB. 3-dimensional data sets were collected in 11 and 13 seconds for the macula and optic nerve head respectively and are presented to demonstrate the potential clinical applications of SD-OCT in ophthalmology. Additionally, a 3-D volume of the optic nerve head was constructed from the acquired data and the retinal vascular network was visualized.
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Coradin T, Nassif N, Livage J. Silica-alginate composites for microencapsulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 61:429-34. [PMID: 12700874 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Revised: 01/10/2003] [Accepted: 01/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Optimisation of membrane properties of alginate microcapsules is a key factor for the application of microencapsulation techniques to bioartificial organ elaboration. Coacervation and layer-by-layer processes involving additional biopolymers have been extensively studied. Recently, the use of silica as a membrane-forming agent was investigated. This approach was rendered possible by the development of biocompatible routes to silica formation. The composites exhibit enhanced mechanical and thermal stability as well as suitable diffusion properties. Moreover, encapsulated enzymes and cells retain their biological activities. Similarly, silica can be associated to many other biopolymers, opening a promising route for new biocomposites design and biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Coradin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS-UMR 7574, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of suitability of flexible composite sheets (hydroxylapatite and polymer) for outer ear canal (OEC) wall reconstruction in tympanoplasty. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, open label pilot study. SETTING University and regional hospital. PATIENTS Forty-two randomly selected patients with chronic otitis media (n = 20) and cholesteatoma (n = 22) among 356 patients admitted between 1996 and 1997. INTERVENTIONS Eradication of disease through a partial or total canal wall down mastoidectomy; immediate reconstruction of canal wall with flexible composite sheet (hydroxylapatite and polymer) and connective tissue graft. OUTCOME MEASURES Anatomic integrity of the OEC and neotympanum, extrusion rate, complications. RESULTS At minimum follow-up of 24 months: recurrent cholesteatoma (n = 0), residual cholesteatoma (n = 3/22) (13.6%) in the mesotympanum (none behind the hydroxylapatite sheet or in the attic or antrum). The neotympanum was intact in 38 ears (90.4%), reperforated in 2, and severely retracted and lateralized in 1, respectively. Anatomic integrity of the OEC was obtained in 37 (88%) of 42 patients; stenosis or membranous synechiae were observed in 5 ears and treated in the office. Extrusion of the hydroxylapatite sheet occurred in 7 patients (16.6%) because of purulent otorrhea and granulation tissue formation. Surgical revision achieved complete epithelialization of the rebuilt canal wall in 33 ears (78.6%). CONCLUSIONS A dry, disease-free ear and normal anatomy may be expected 2 years postoperatively in more than three-fourths of the patients treated using the described surgical technique. Complete protection with a connective tissue graft is essential to avoid extrusion of the implant. The failure rate is significantly higher if otorrhea is present at the time of the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zanetti
- Otolaryngology Department, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25100 Brescia, Italy
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Kennerson M, Nassif N, Nicholson G. The CMT1A-REP Binary Repeat from Disease Causing Genomic Re-arrangements to a Role in Gene Evolution. Curr Genomics 2000. [DOI: 10.2174/1389202003351670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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31
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Delatycki MB, Paris DB, Gardner RJ, Nicholson GA, Nassif N, Storey E, MacMillan JC, Collins V, Williamson R, Forrest SM. Clinical and genetic study of Friedreich ataxia in an Australian population. Am J Med Genet 1999; 87:168-74. [PMID: 10533031 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19991119)87:2<168::aid-ajmg8>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the FRDA gene that encodes a 210-amino acid protein called frataxin. An expansion of a GAA trinucleotide repeat in intron 1 of the gene is present in more than 95% of mutant alleles. Of the 83 people we studied who have mutations in FRDA, 78 are homozygous for an expanded GAA repeat; the other five patients have an expansion in one allele and a point mutation in the other. Here we present a detailed clinical and genetic study of a subset of 51 patients homozygous for an expansion of the GAA repeat. We found a correlation between the size of the smaller of the two expanded alleles and age at onset, age into wheelchair, scoliosis, impaired vibration sense, and the presence of foot deformity. There was no significant correlation between the size of the smaller allele and cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, loss of proprioception, or bladder symptoms. The larger allele size correlated with bladder symptoms and the presence of foot deformity. The duration of disease is correlated with wheelchair use and the presence of diabetes, scoliosis, bladder symptoms and impaired proprioception, and vibration sense but no other complications studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Delatycki
- The Murdoch Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
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32
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Jarrard DF, Sarkar S, Shi Y, Yeager TR, Magrane G, Kinoshita H, Nassif N, Meisner L, Newton MA, Waldman FM, Reznikoff CA. p16/pRb pathway alterations are required for bypassing senescence in human prostate epithelial cells. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2957-64. [PMID: 10383161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle regulatory genes p16/CDKN2 and RB are frequently deleted in prostate cancers. In this study, we examined the role of alterations in p16 and pRb during growth, senescence, and immortalization in vitro of human prostate epithelial cells (HPECs). HPECs are established from normal prostate tissues and cultured on collagen-coated dishes. Our results show that p16 is reproducibly elevated at senescence in HPECs. HPECs are immortalized using human papilloma virus 16 E6 and/or E7 as molecular tools to inactivate p53 and/or pRb, respectively. Immortalization occurs infrequently in this system and only after a latent period during which additional genetic/epigenetic changes are thought to occur. Notably, all of the E6-immortalized HPEC lines but none of the E7 lines show inactivation of p16/CDKN2 (by deletion, methylation, or mutation) in association with immortalization. In contrast, E7 lines, in which pRb function is abrogated by E7 binding, retain the high levels of p16 observed at senescence. Thus, all lines show either a p16 or pRb inactivation. Analysis of six independent lines from metastatic prostate cancers reveals a similar loss of either p16 or pRb. Comparative genomic hybridization of HPECs shows that gains of chromosomes 5q, 8q, and 20 are nonrandomly associated with bypassing senescence (probability = 0.95). These results suggest that high levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 mediate senescence G1 arrest in HPECs and that bypassing this block by a p16/pRb pathway alteration is required for immortalization in vitro and possibly tumorigenesis in vivo. Our results further indicate that inactivation of the p16/pRb pathway alone is not sufficient to immortalize HPECs and that additional genetic alterations are required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Jarrard
- Department of Toxicology, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center and Medical School, Madison 53792, USA.
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Jarrard DF, Kinoshita H, Shi Y, Sandefur C, Hoff D, Meisner LF, Chang C, Herman JG, Isaacs WB, Nassif N. Methylation of the androgen receptor promoter CpG island is associated with loss of androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 1998; 58:5310-4. [PMID: 9850055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer is characterized by a heterogeneous loss of androgen receptor (AR) expression among tumor cells. In this study, we evaluate DNA hypermethylation as a potential transcriptional regulatory mechanism in AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrates an approximately 15-kb CpG island in the AR gene that encompasses the transcription start site and exon 1. Using Southern blotting with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and methylation-specific PCR, we find aberrant methylation in the AR expression-negative cell lines Du145, DuPro, TSU-PR1, and PPC1. Incomplete methylation in the AR CpG island is also seen in normal female breast and ovarian tissues consistent with the inactivation of one X chromosome by hypermethylation. In contrast, prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC3 express AR and are unmethylated. Normal prostate epithelial cell strains demonstrate no methylation. Exposure of AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines to 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine, a demethylating agent, induces the reexpression of AR RNA in DuPro and TSU-PR1. This reexpression is associated with a demethylation of this region. Prostate-specific antigen, an androgen-responsive gene, is also specifically induced in these lines after AR reexpression. Therefore, in vitro DNA methylation of the 5' CpG AR island may be associated with the loss of AR expression. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that treatment with demethylating agents may engender the reexpression and function of the androgen receptor in AR-negative cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Jarrard
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison 53792, USA.
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Delatycki MB, Paris D, Gardner RJ, Forshaw K, Nicholson GA, Nassif N, Williamson R, Forrest SM. Sperm DNA analysis in a Friedreich ataxia premutation carrier suggests both meiotic and mitotic expansion in the FRDA gene. J Med Genet 1998; 35:713-6. [PMID: 9733027 PMCID: PMC1051421 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.9.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia is usually caused by an expansion of a GAA trinucleotide repeat in intron 1 of the FRDA gene. Occasionally, a fully expanded allele has been found to arise from a premutation of 100 or less triplet repeats. We have examined the sperm DNA of a premutation carrier. This man's leucocyte DNA showed one normal allele and one allele of approximately 100 repeats. His sperm showed an expanded allele in a tight range centering on a size of approximately 320 trinucleotide repeats. His affected son has repeat sizes of 1040 and 540. These data suggest that expansion occurs in two stages, the first during meiosis followed by a second mitotic expansion. We also show that in all informative carrier father to affected child transmissions, with the notable exception of the premutation carrier, the expansion size decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Delatycki
- The Murdoch Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Forrest SM, Knight M, Delatycki MB, Paris D, Williamson R, King J, Yeung L, Nassif N, Nicholson GA. The correlation of clinical phenotype in Friedreich ataxia with the site of point mutations in the FRDA gene. Neurogenetics 1998; 1:253-7. [PMID: 10732799 DOI: 10.1007/s100480050037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most cases of Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) are due to expansions of a GAA trinucleotide repeat sequence in the FRDA gene coding for frataxin, a protein of poorly understood function which may regulate mitochondrial iron transport. However, between 1% and 5% of mutations are single base changes in the sequence of the FRDA gene, causing missense, nonsense, or splicing mutations. We describe three new mutations, IVS4nt2 (T to G), R165C, and L182F, which occur in patients in association with GAA expansions. These cases, and a further five reported cases of point mutations causing FRDA, demonstrate that splicing, nonsense, or initiation codon mutations (which cause a complete absence of functional frataxin) are associated with a severe phenotype. Missense mutations, even in highly evolutionally conserved amino acids, may cause a mild or severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Forrest
- Murdoch Institute for Research into Birth Defects, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Abstract
P-element-induced gap repair was used to copy nonhomologous DNA into the Drosophila white locus. We found that nearly 8,000 bp of nonhomologous sequence could be copied from an ectopic template at essentially the same rate as a single-base substitution at the same location. An in vitro-constructed deletion was also copied into white at high frequencies. This procedure can be applied to the study of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster, especially for genes too large to be manipulated in other ways. We also observed several types of more complex events in which the copied template sequences were rearranged such that the breakpoints occurred at direct duplications. Most of these can be explained by a model of double strand break repair in which each terminus of the break invades a template independently and serves as a primer for DNA synthesis from it, yielding two overlapping single-stranded sequences. These single strands then pair, and synthesis is completed by each using the other as a template. This synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) model as a possible general mechanism in complex organisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nassif
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin--Madison 53706
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37
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Abstract
We used P transposable-element mobilization to study the repair of double-strand DNA breaks in Drosophila melanogaster premeiotic germ cells. Distribution of conversion tracts was found to be largely unaffected by changes in the length of sequence homology between the broken ends and the template, suggesting that only a short match is required. However, the frequency of repair was highly sensitive to single-base mismatches within the homologous region, ranging from 19% reversion when there were no mismatches to 5% when 15 mismatches were present over a 3455-bp span.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nassif
- Genetics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Abstract
A minor haemoglobin gene was isolated from an Anadara trapezia genomic library using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe based on the identical amino acid sequence of the F-helical region of all the major Anadara globins previously sequenced. The amino acid sequence inferred from the coding region of the gene indicated that it is different from that of the three major chains alpha, beta and gamma, but most like the beta-chain. This beta-variant sequence shows 100% homology in the conserved F-helix region. The minor gene was found to contain two long intervening sequences, 1214 bp and 1435 bp, longer than those present in the genes for vertebrate globins or leghaemoglobins but shorter than those in myoglobin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Titchen
- School of Biochemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
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Marre P, Sibertin-Blanc M, Nassif N, Topolanski F. [Spontaneous organic hypoglycemia caused by a pelvic hemangiopericytoma]. Nouv Presse Med 1979; 8:2621-2. [PMID: 493056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Joubaud F, Vauclin P, Bouali AB, Nassif N. [Calcified appendicular mucocele]. Sem Hop 1973; 49:2703-4. [PMID: 4366829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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42
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Rognon LM, Bruézière J, Pillet J, Nassif N. [Junction of the ureter in the seminal tract. 6 cases]. Ann Urol (Paris) 1970; 4:17-26. [PMID: 5432304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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Rognon LM, Nassif N. [Benign tumors of the ureter. Value of the transperitoneal approach in their surgical treatment]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1969; 75:548-53. [PMID: 5363682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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44
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Fressinaud L, Gardais J, Simard C, Nassif N. [Coexistent reticulum cell sarcoma and chronic myeloid leukemia]. Presse Med (1893) 1968; 76:169-72. [PMID: 4866816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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Simard C, Pillet J, Nassif N. [A case of benign chondroblastoma of the tibia: an atypic histologic variety of Lichtenstein and Bernstein]. Arch Anat Pathol (Paris) 1967; 15:314-7. [PMID: 5594163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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46
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Rognon LM, Pillet J, Nassif N. [Apropos of a syndrome of ectopic outlet of the ureter in the seminal vesicle]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1967; 73:742-747. [PMID: 6059979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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47
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Rouchy R, Crézé J, Grosieux P, Nassif N. [Endometriosis of a uterine cicatrix after a low cesarean section]. Bull Fed Soc Gynecol Obstet Lang Fr 1967; 19:181. [PMID: 5619311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Nassif N, Stewart WM, Laumonier R. [Histology of cutaneous lesions due to insect bites]. Ann Anat Pathol (Paris) 1966; 11:431-41. [PMID: 5972273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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Stewart WM, Nassif N. [Apropos of a case of clear-cell acanthoma]. Ann Anat Pathol (Paris) 1965; 10:363-7. [PMID: 5864678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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50
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Laumonier R, Laquerrière R, Nassif N. [Morphological and histochemical criteria of malignancy of thyroid epitheliomas]. Rev Lyon Med 1965; 14:501-16. [PMID: 5841138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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