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Magyar CTJ, Gretener CP, Baldi P, Storni F, Kim-Fuchs C, Candinas D, Berzigotti A, Knecht M, Beldi G, Hirzel C, Sidler D, Reineke D, Banz V. Recipient donor sex combinations in solid organ transplantation and impact on clinical outcome: A scoping review. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15312. [PMID: 38678586 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a lifesaving treatment for end-stage organ failure. Although many factors affect the success of organ transplantation, recipient and donor sex are important biological factors influencing transplant outcome. However, the impact of the four possible recipient and donor sex combinations (RDSC) on transplant outcome remains largely unclear. METHODS A scoping review was carried out focusing on studies examining the association between RDSC and outcomes (mortality, graft rejection, and infection) after heart, lung, liver, and kidney transplantation. All studies up to February 2023 were included. RESULTS Multiple studies published between 1998 and 2022 show that RDSC is an important factor affecting the outcome after organ transplantation. Male recipients of SOT have a higher risk of mortality and graft failure than female recipients. Differences regarding the causes of death are observed. Female recipients on the other hand are more susceptible to infections after SOT. CONCLUSION Differences in underlying illnesses as well as age, immunosuppressive therapy and underlying biological mechanisms among male and female SOT recipients affect the post-transplant outcome. However, the precise mechanisms influencing the interaction between RDSC and post-transplant outcome remain largely unclear. A better understanding of how to identify and modulate these factors may improve outcome, which is particularly important in light of the worldwide organ shortage. An analysis for differences of etiology and causes of graft loss or mortality, respectively, is warranted across the RDSC groups. PRACTITIONER POINTS Recipient and donor sex combinations affect outcome after solid organ transplantation. While female recipients are more susceptible to infections after solid organ transplantation, they have higher overall survival following SOT, with causes of death differing from male recipients. Sex-differences should be taken into account in the post-transplant management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tibor Josef Magyar
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charlene Pierrine Gretener
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Baldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federico Storni
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corina Kim-Fuchs
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annalisa Berzigotti
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Knecht
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Hirzel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sidler
- Department for Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Insel Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Reineke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Banz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Gromovyi M, Bhat N, Tronche H, Baldi P, Kurdi ME, Checoury X, Damilano B, Boucaud P. Intrinsic polarity inversion in III-nitride waveguides for efficient nonlinear interactions. Opt Express 2023; 31:31397-31409. [PMID: 37710660 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
III-nitrides provide a versatile platform for nonlinear photonics. In this work, we explore a new promising configuration - composite waveguides containing GaN and AlN layers with inverted polarity, i.e., having opposite signs of the χ(2) nonlinear coefficient. This configuration allows us to address the limiting problem of the mode overlap for nonlinear interactions. Our modelling predicts a significant improvement in the conversion efficiency. We confirm our theoretical prediction with the experimental demonstration of second harmonic generation with an efficiency of 4%W-1cm-2 using a simple ridge waveguide. This efficiency is an order of magnitude higher compared to the previously reported results for III-nitride waveguides. Further improvement, reaching a theoretical efficiency of 30%W-1cm-2, can be achieved by reducing propagation losses.
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Acero MA, Adamson P, Aliaga L, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Arrieta-Diaz E, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Back A, Baird M, Balashov N, Baldi P, Bambah BA, Bashar S, Bays K, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhattarai D, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Booth AC, Bowles R, Brahma B, Bromberg C, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Calvez S, Carroll TJ, Catano-Mur E, Childress S, Chatla A, Chirco R, Choudhary BC, Christensen A, Coan TE, Colo M, Cremonesi L, Davies GS, Derwent PF, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Dolce M, Doyle D, Dueñas Tonguino D, Dukes EC, Ehrlich R, Elkins M, Ewart E, Feldman GJ, Filip P, Franc J, Frank MJ, Gallagher HR, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Giri A, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Grichine V, Groh M, Group R, Guo B, Habig A, Hakl F, Hall A, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hausner H, He M, Heller K, Hewes V, Himmel A, Jargowsky B, Jarosz J, Jediny F, Johnson C, Judah M, Kakorin I, Kaplan DM, Kalitkina A, Keloth R, Klimov O, Koerner LW, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kralik R, Kullenberg C, Kubu M, Kumar A, Kuruppu CD, Kus V, Lackey T, Lang K, Lasorak P, Lesmeister J, Lin S, Lister A, Liu J, Lokajicek M, Lopez JMC, Mahji R, Magill S, Manrique Plata M, Mann WA, Manoharan MT, Marshak ML, Martinez-Casales M, Matveev V, Mayes B, Messier MD, Meyer H, Miao T, Mikola V, Miller WH, Mishra S, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mohanta R, Moren A, Morozova A, Mu W, Mualem L, Muether M, Mulder K, Naples D, Nath A, Nayak N, Nelleri S, Nelson JK, Nichol R, Niner E, Norman A, Norrick A, Nosek T, Oh H, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Ott J, Pal A, Paley J, Panda L, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Petrova O, Petti R, Phan DD, Plunkett RK, Pobedimov A, Porter JCC, Rafique A, Prais LR, Raj V, Rajaoalisoa M, Ramson B, Rebel B, Rojas P, Roy P, Ryabov V, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sánchez Falero S, Shanahan P, Shukla S, Sheshukov A, Singh I, Singh P, Singh V, Smith E, Smolik J, Snopok P, Solomey N, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Sutton A, Swain S, Sweeney C, Sztuc A, Talaga RL, Tapia Oregui B, Tas P, Temizel BN, Thakore T, Thayyullathil RB, Thomas J, Tiras E, Tripathi J, Trokan-Tenorio J, Torun Y, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vallari Z, Vasel J, Vrba T, Wallbank M, Warburton TK, Wetstein M, Whittington D, Wickremasinghe DA, Wieber T, Wolcott J, Wu W, Xiao Y, Yaeggy B, Yallappa Dombara A, Yankelevich A, Yonehara K, Yu S, Yu Y, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zhang Y, Zwaska R. Measurement of the ν_{e}-Nucleus Charged-Current Double-Differential Cross Section at ⟨E_{ν}⟩=2.4 GeV Using NOvA. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:051802. [PMID: 36800478 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The inclusive electron neutrino charged-current cross section is measured in the NOvA near detector using 8.02×10^{20} protons-on-target in the NuMI beam. The sample of GeV electron neutrino interactions is the largest analyzed to date and is limited by ≃17% systematic rather than the ≃7.4% statistical uncertainties. The double-differential cross section in final-state electron energy and angle is presented for the first time, together with the single-differential dependence on Q^{2} (squared four-momentum transfer) and energy, in the range 1 GeV≤E_{ν}<6 GeV. Detailed comparisons are made to the predictions of the GENIE, GiBUU, NEUT, and NuWro neutrino event generators. The data do not strongly favor a model over the others consistently across all three cross sections measured, though some models have especially good or poor agreement in the single differential cross section vs Q^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Acero
- Universidad del Atlantico, Carrera 30 No. 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Aliaga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - E Arrieta-Diaz
- Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No 22-08 Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - L Asquith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Aurisano
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Back
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M Baird
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - N Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B A Bambah
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - S Bashar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Bays
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - R Bernstein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Bhatnagar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - D Bhattarai
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - B Bhuyan
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - J Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A C Booth
- Particle Physics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Bowles
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - B Brahma
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502 205, India
| | - C Bromberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Buchanan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - A Butkevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - S Calvez
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - T J Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Catano-Mur
- Department of Physics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - S Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Chatla
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - R Chirco
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - B C Choudhary
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - A Christensen
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - T E Coan
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Colo
- Department of Physics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Particle Physics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G S Davies
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P F Derwent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Dolce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Doyle
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - D Dueñas Tonguino
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - E C Dukes
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - R Ehrlich
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Elkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - E Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - G J Feldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Filip
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Franc
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M J Frank
- Department of Physics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
| | - H R Gallagher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R Gandrajula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Giri
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502 205, India
| | - R A Gomes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - M C Goodman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Grichine
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Groh
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Group
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Habig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - F Hakl
- Institute of Computer Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 07 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Hartnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Hausner
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M He
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - K Heller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Hewes
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Jargowsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J Jarosz
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - F Jediny
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C Johnson
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Judah
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - I Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - D M Kaplan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - A Kalitkina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - R Keloth
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - O Klimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - L W Koerner
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - L Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S Kotelnikov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - R Kralik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ch Kullenberg
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - M Kubu
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - C D Kuruppu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - V Kus
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Lackey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - K Lang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Lasorak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J Lesmeister
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - S Lin
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - A Lister
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J M C Lopez
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Mahji
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - S Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - W A Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M T Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - M L Marshak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Martinez-Casales
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - V Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - B Mayes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M D Messier
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Meyer
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Mikola
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - W H Miller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S Mishra
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Mislivec
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Mohanta
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - A Moren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - A Morozova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - W Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Muether
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - K Mulder
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Nath
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - N Nayak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Nelleri
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R Nichol
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Oh
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - T Olson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Ott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A Pal
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India
| | - J Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Panda
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India
| | - R B Patterson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Pawloski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - O Petrova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - R Petti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D D Phan
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R K Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Pobedimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - J C C Porter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L R Prais
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - V Raj
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Rajaoalisoa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Rojas
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - P Roy
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - V Ryabov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - O Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - M C Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Sánchez Falero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - P Shanahan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Shukla
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - A Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - I Singh
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - P Singh
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Particle Physics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - E Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Smolik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - P Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - N Solomey
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - A Sousa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - K Soustruznik
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Strait
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sutton
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Swain
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India
| | - C Sweeney
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Sztuc
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R L Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Tapia Oregui
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Tas
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B N Temizel
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - T Thakore
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - R B Thayyullathil
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - J Thomas
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Tiras
- Department of Physics, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - J Trokan-Tenorio
- Department of Physics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - Y Torun
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vahle
- Department of Physics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - Z Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M Wallbank
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - T K Warburton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M Wetstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D Whittington
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse New York 13210, USA
| | | | - T Wieber
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Wolcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - W Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Yaeggy
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Yallappa Dombara
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse New York 13210, USA
| | - A Yankelevich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - K Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Yu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Y Yu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S Zadorozhnyy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Abud AA, Abi B, Acciarri R, Acero MA, Adames MR, Adamov G, Adamowski M, Adams D, Adinolfi M, Aduszkiewicz A, Aguilar J, Ahmad Z, Ahmed J, Aimard B, Ali-Mohammadzadeh B, Alion T, Allison K, Monsalve SA, AlRashed M, Alt C, Alton A, Alvarez R, Amedo P, Anderson J, Andreopoulos C, Andreotti M, Andrews M, Andrianala F, Andringa S, Anfimov N, Ankowski A, Antoniassi M, Antonova M, Antoshkin A, Antusch S, Aranda-Fernandez A, Arellano L, Arnold LO, Arroyave MA, Asaadi J, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Autiero D, Lara VA, Ayala-Torres M, Azfar F, Back A, Back H, Back JJ, Backhouse C, Bagaturia I, Bagby L, Balashov N, Balasubramanian S, Baldi P, Baller B, Bambah B, Barao F, Barenboim G, Alzas PB, Barker G, Barkhouse W, Barnes C, Barr G, Monarca JB, Barros A, Barros N, Barrow JL, Basharina-Freshville A, Bashyal A, Basque V, Batchelor C, Chagas EBD, Battat JBR, Battisti F, Bay F, Bazetto MCQ, Alba JLLB, Beacom JF, Bechetoille E, Behera B, Beigbeder C, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Benekos N, Montiel CB, Neves FB, Berger J, Berkman S, Bernardini P, Berner RM, Bersani A, Bertolucci S, Betancourt M, Rodríguez AB, Bevan A, Bezawada Y, Bezerra TJC, Bhardwaj A, Bhatnagar V, Bhattacharjee M, Bhattarai D, Bhuller S, Bhuyan B, Biagi S, Bian J, Biassoni M, Biery K, Bilki B, Bishai M, Bitadze A, Blake A, Blaszczyk F, Blazey GC, Blucher E, Boissevain J, Bolognesi S, Bolton T, Bomben L, Bonesini M, Bongrand M, Bonilla-Diaz C, Bonini F, Booth A, Boran F, Bordoni S, Borkum A, Bostan N, Bour P, Bourgeois C, Boyden D, Bracinik J, Braga D, Brailsford D, Branca A, Brandt A, Bremer J, Breton D, Brew C, Brice SJ, Brizzolari C, Bromberg C, Brooke J, Bross A, Brunetti G, Brunetti M, Buchanan N, Budd H, Butorov I, Cagnoli I, Cai T, Caiulo D, Calabrese R, Calafiura P, Calcutt J, Calin M, Calvez S, Calvo E, Caminata A, Campanelli M, Caratelli D, Carber D, Carceller JC, Carini G, Carlus B, Carneiro MF, Carniti P, Terrazas IC, Carranza H, Carroll T, Forero JFC, Castillo A, Castromonte C, Catano-Mur E, Cattadori C, Cavalier F, Cavallaro G, Cavanna F, Centro S, Cerati G, Cervelli A, Villanueva AC, Chalifour M, Chappell A, Chardonnet E, Charitonidis N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Neyra MSSC, Chen H, Chen M, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen-Wishart Z, Cheon Y, Cherdack D, Chi C, Childress S, Chirco R, Chiriacescu A, Chisnall G, Cho K, Choate S, Chokheli D, Chong PS, Christensen A, Christian D, Christodoulou G, Chukanov A, Chung M, Church E, Cicero V, Clarke P, Cline G, Coan TE, Cocco AG, Coelho JAB, Colton N, Conley E, Conley R, Conrad J, Convery M, Copello S, Cova P, Cremaldi L, Cremonesi L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Crisler M, Cristaldo E, Crnkovic J, Cross R, Cudd A, Cuesta C, Cui Y, Cussans D, Dalager O, da Motta H, Da Silva Peres L, David C, David Q, Davies GS, Davini S, Dawson J, De K, De S, Debbins P, De Bonis I, Decowski MP, De Gouvêa A, De Holanda PC, De Icaza Astiz IL, Deisting A, De Jong P, Delbart A, Delepine D, Delgado M, Dell’Acqua A, Delmonte N, De Lurgio P, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMuth DM, Dennis S, Densham C, Deptuch GW, De Roeck A, De Romeri V, De Souza G, Devi R, Dharmapalan R, Dias M, Diaz F, Díaz JS, Domizio SD, Giulio LD, Ding P, Noto LD, Dirkx G, Distefano C, Diurba R, Diwan M, Djurcic Z, Doering D, Dolan S, Dolek F, Dolinski M, Domine L, Donon Y, Douglas D, Douillet D, Dragone A, Drake G, Drielsma F, Duarte L, Duchesneau D, Duffy K, Dunne P, Dutta B, Duyang H, Dvornikov O, Dwyer D, Dyshkant A, Eads M, Earle A, Edmunds D, Eisch J, Emberger L, Emery S, Englezos P, Ereditato A, Erjavec T, Escobar C, Eurin G, Evans JJ, Ewart E, Ezeribe AC, Fahey K, Falcone A, Fani’ M, Farnese C, Farzan Y, Fedoseev D, Felix J, Feng Y, Fernandez-Martinez E, Menendez PF, Morales MF, Ferraro F, Fields L, Filip P, Filthaut F, Fiorini M, Fischer V, Fitzpatrick RS, Flanagan W, Fleming B, Flight R, Fogarty S, Foreman W, Fowler J, Fox W, Franc J, Francis K, Franco D, Freeman J, Freestone J, Fried J, Friedland A, Robayo FF, Fuess S, Furic IK, Furman K, Furmanski AP, Gabrielli A, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gallas A, Gallego-Ros A, Gallice N, Galymov V, Gamberini E, Gamble T, Ganacim F, Gandhi R, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Gao S, Garcia-Gamez D, García-Peris MÁ, Gardiner S, Gastler D, Gauvreau J, Ge G, Geffroy N, Gelli B, Gendotti A, Gent S, Ghorbani-Moghaddam Z, Giammaria P, Giammaria T, Giangiacomi N, Gibin D, Gil-Botella I, Gilligan S, Girerd C, Giri AK, Gnani D, Gogota O, Gold M, Gollapinni S, Gollwitzer K, Gomes RA, Bermeo LVG, Fajardo LSG, Gonnella F, Gonzalez-Diaz D, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Goodman MC, Goodwin O, Goswami S, Gotti C, Goudzovski E, Grace C, Gran R, Granados E, Granger P, Grant A, Grant C, Gratieri D, Green P, Greenler L, Greer J, Grenard J, Griffith WC, Groh M, Grudzinski J, Grzelak K, Gu W, Guardincerri E, Guarino V, Guarise M, Guenette R, Guerard E, Guerzoni M, Guffanti D, Guglielmi A, Guo B, Gupta A, Gupta V, Guthikonda KK, Gutierrez R, Guzowski P, Guzzo MM, Gwon S, Ha C, Haaf K, Habig A, Hadavand H, Haenni R, Hahn A, Haiston J, Hamacher-Baumann P, Hamernik T, Hamilton P, Han J, Harris DA, Hartnell J, Hartnett T, Harton J, Hasegawa T, Hasnip C, Hatcher R, Hatfield KW, Hatzikoutelis A, Hayes C, Hayrapetyan K, Hays J, Hazen E, He M, Heavey A, Heeger KM, Heise J, Henry S, Morquecho MAH, Herner K, Hewes J, Hilgenberg C, Hill T, Hillier SJ, Himmel A, Hinkle E, Hirsch LR, Ho J, Hoff J, Holin A, Hoppe E, Horton-Smith GA, Hostert M, Hourlier A, Howard B, Howell R, Hoyos J, Hristova I, Hronek MS, Huang J, Hulcher Z, Iles G, Ilic N, Iliescu AM, Illingworth R, Ingratta G, Ioannisian A, Irwin B, Isenhower L, Itay R, Jackson CM, Jain V, James E, Jang W, Jargowsky B, Jediny F, Jena D, Jeong YS, Jesús-Valls C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jiménez S, Jipa A, Johnson R, Johnson W, Johnston N, Jones B, Jones S, Judah M, Jung CK, Junk T, Jwa Y, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth A, Kadenko I, Kakorin I, Kalitkina A, Kalra D, Kamiya F, Kaneshige N, Kaplan DM, Karagiorgi G, Karaman G, Karcher A, Karolak M, Karyotakis Y, Kasai S, Kasetti SP, Kashur L, Kazaryan N, Kearns E, Keener P, Kelly KJ, Kemp E, Kemularia O, Ketchum W, Kettell SH, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Khvedelidze A, Kim D, King B, Kirby B, Kirby M, Klein J, Klustova A, Kobilarcik T, Koehler K, Koerner LW, Koh DH, Kohn S, Koller PP, Kolupaeva L, Korablev D, Kordosky M, Kosc T, Kose U, Kostelecký VA, Kothekar K, Kralik R, Kreczko L, Krennrich F, Kreslo I, Kropp W, Kroupova T, Kubota S, Kudenko Y, Kudryavtsev VA, Kulagin S, Kumar J, Kumar P, Kunze P, Kurita N, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Kutter T, Kvasnicka J, Kwak D, Lambert A, Land B, Lane CE, Lang K, Langford T, Langstaff M, Larkin J, Lasorak P, Last D, Laundrie A, Laurenti G, Lawrence A, Lazanu I, LaZur R, Lazzaroni M, Le T, Leardini S, Learned J, LeBrun P, LeCompte T, Lee C, Lee SY, Miotto GL, Lehnert R, de Oliveira MAL, Leitner M, Lepin LM, Li SW, Li Y, Liao H, Lin CS, Lin Q, Lin S, Lineros RA, Ling J, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Liu J, Liu Y, Lockwitz S, Loew T, Lokajicek M, Lomidze I, Long K, Lord T, LoSecco JM, Louis WC, Lu XG, Luk KB, Lunday B, Luo X, Luppi E, Lux T, Luzio VP, Maalmi J, MacFarlane D, Machado AA, Machado P, Macias CT, Macier JR, Maddalena A, Madera A, Madigan P, Magill S, Mahn K, Maio A, Major A, Maloney JA, Mandrioli G, Mandujano RC, Maneira J, Manenti L, Manly S, Mann A, Manolopoulos K, Plata MM, Manyam VN, Manzanillas L, Marchan M, Marchionni A, Marciano W, Marfatia D, Mariani C, Maricic J, Marie R, Marinho F, Marino AD, Marsden D, Marshak M, Marshall C, Marshall J, Marteau J, Martín-Albo J, Martinez N, Caicedo DAM, Miravé PM, Martynenko S, Mascagna V, Mason K, Mastbaum A, Matichard F, Matsuno S, Matthews J, Mauger C, Mauri N, Mavrokoridis K, Mawby I, Mazza R, Mazzacane A, Mazzucato E, McAskill T, McCluskey E, McConkey N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McNab A, Mefodiev A, Mehta P, Melas P, Mena O, Mendez H, Mendez P, Méndez DP, Menegolli A, Meng G, Messier MD, Metcalf W, Mettler T, Mewes M, Meyer H, Miao T, Michna G, Miedema T, Mikola V, Milincic R, Miller G, Miller W, Mills J, Mineev O, Minotti A, Miranda OG, Miryala S, Mishra CS, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mitchell M, Mladenov D, Mocioiu I, Moffat K, Moggi N, Mohanta R, Mohayai TA, Mokhov N, Molina J, Bueno LM, Montagna E, Montanari A, Montanari C, Montanari D, Zetina LMM, Moon SH, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moreno D, Moretti D, Morris C, Mossey C, Mote M, Motuk E, Moura CA, Mousseau J, Mouster G, Mu W, Mualem L, Mueller J, Muether M, Mufson S, Muheim F, Muir A, Mulhearn M, Munford D, Muramatsu H, Murphy S, Musser J, Nachtman J, Nagu S, Nalbandyan M, Nandakumar R, Naples D, Narita S, Nath A, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Negishi K, Nelson JK, Nesbit J, Nessi M, Newbold D, Newcomer M, Newton H, Nichol R, Nicolas-Arnaldos F, Nikolica A, Niner E, Nishimura K, Norman A, Norrick A, Northrop R, Novella P, Nowak JA, Oberling M, Ochoa-Ricoux J, Olivier A, Olshevskiy A, Onel Y, Onishchuk Y, Ott J, Pagani L, Palacio G, Palamara O, Palestini S, Paley JM, Pallavicini M, Palomares C, Vazquez WP, Pantic E, Paolone V, Papadimitriou V, Papaleo R, Papanestis A, Paramesvaran S, Parke S, Parozzi E, Parsa Z, Parvu M, Pascoli S, Pasqualini L, Pasternak J, Pater J, Patrick C, Patrizii L, Patterson RB, Patton SJ, Patzak T, Paudel A, Paulos B, Paulucci L, Pavlovic Z, Pawloski G, Payne D, Pec V, Peeters SJM, Perez AP, Pennacchio E, Penzo A, Peres OLG, Perry J, Pershey D, Pessina G, Petrillo G, Petta C, Petti R, Pia V, Piastra F, Pickering L, Pietropaolo F, Pimentel VL, Pinaroli G, Plows K, Plunkett R, Poling R, Pompa F, Pons X, Poonthottathil N, Poppi F, Pordes S, Porter J, Potekhin M, Potenza R, Potukuchi BVKS, Pozimski J, Pozzato M, Prakash S, Prakash T, Prest M, Prince S, Psihas F, Pugnere D, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rademacker J, Radics B, Rafique A, Raguzin E, Rai M, Rajaoalisoa M, Rakhno I, Rakotonandrasana A, Rakotondravohitra L, Rameika R, Delgado MAR, Ramson B, Rappoldi A, Raselli G, Ratoff P, Raut S, Razakamiandra RF, Rea EM, Real JS, Rebel B, Rechenmacher R, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Reichenbacher J, Reitzner SD, Sfar HR, Renshaw A, Rescia S, Resnati F, Ribas M, Riboldi S, Riccio C, Riccobene G, Rice LCJ, Ricol JS, Rigamonti A, Rigaut Y, Rincón EV, Ritchie-Yates H, Rivera D, Robert A, Rochester L, Roda M, Rodrigues P, Alonso MJR, Bonilla ER, Rondon JR, Rosauro-Alcaraz S, Rosenberg M, Rosier P, Roskovec B, Rossella M, Rossi M, Rout J, Roy P, Rubbia A, Rubbia C, Russell B, Ruterbories D, Rybnikov A, Saa-Hernandez A, Saakyan R, Sacerdoti S, Safford T, Sahu N, Sakashita K, Sala P, Samios N, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sandberg V, Sanders DA, Sankey D, Santana S, Santos-Maldonado M, Saoulidou N, Sapienza P, Sarasty C, Sarcevic I, Savage G, Savinov V, Scaramelli A, Scarff A, Scarpelli A, Schefke T, Schellman H, Schifano S, Schlabach P, Schmitz D, Schneider AW, Scholberg K, Schukraft A, Segreto E, Selyunin A, Senise CR, Sensenig J, Sergi A, Sgalaberna D, Shaevitz MH, Shafaq S, Shaker F, Shamma M, Sharankova R, Sharma HR, Sharma R, Sharma RK, Shaw T, Shchablo K, Shepherd-Themistocleous C, Sheshukov A, Shin S, Shoemaker I, Shooltz D, Shrock R, Siegel H, Simard L, Sinclair J, Sinev G, Singh J, Singh J, Singh L, Singh P, Singh V, Sipos R, Sippach FW, Sirri G, Sitraka A, Siyeon K, Skarpaas K, Smith A, Smith E, Smith P, Smolik J, Smy M, Snider E, Snopok P, Snowden-Ifft D, Nunes MS, Sobel H, Soderberg M, Sokolov S, Salinas CJS, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Solomey N, Solovov V, Sondheim WE, Sorel M, Sotnikov A, Soto-Oton J, Ugaldi FAS, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Spagliardi F, Spanu M, Spitz J, Spooner NJC, Spurgeon K, Stancari M, Stanco L, Stanford C, Stein R, Steiner HM, Lisbôa AFS, Stewart J, Stillwell B, Stock J, Stocker F, Stokes T, Strait M, Strauss T, Strigari L, Stuart A, Suarez JG, Sunción JMS, Sullivan H, Summers D, Surdo A, Susic V, Suter L, Sutera CM, Svoboda R, Szczerbinska B, Szelc AM, Tanaka H, Tang S, Tapia A, Oregui BT, Tapper A, Tariq S, Tarpara E, Tata N, Tatar E, Tayloe R, Teklu AM, Tennessen P, Tenti M, Terao K, Ternes CA, Terranova F, Testera G, Thakore T, Thea A, Thompson JL, Thorn C, Timm SC, Tishchenko V, Tomassetti L, Tonazzo A, Torbunov D, Torti M, Tortola M, Tortorici F, Tosi N, Totani D, Toups M, Touramanis C, Travaglini R, Trevor J, Trilov S, Trzaska WH, Tsai Y, Tsai YT, Tsamalaidze Z, Tsang KV, Tsverava N, Tufanli S, Tull C, Tyley E, Tzanov M, Uboldi L, Uchida MA, Urheim J, Usher T, Uzunyan S, Vagins MR, Vahle P, Valder S, Valdiviesso GDA, Valencia E, Valentim R, Vallari Z, Vallazza E, Valle JWF, Vallecorsa S, Berg RV, de Water RGV, Forero DV, Vannerom D, Varanini F, Oliva DV, Varner G, Vasel J, Vasina S, Vasseur G, Vaughan N, Vaziri K, Ventura S, Verdugo A, Vergani S, Vermeulen MA, Verzocchi M, Vicenzi M, de Souza HV, Vignoli C, Vilela C, Viren B, Vrba T, Wachala T, Waldron AV, Wallbank M, Wallis C, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang MHLS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Warburton K, Warner D, Wascko MO, Waters D, Watson A, Wawrowska K, Weatherly P, Weber A, Weber M, Wei H, Weinstein A, Wenman D, Wetstein M, White A, Whitehead LH, Whittington D, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson A, Wilkinson C, Williams Z, Wilson F, Wilson RJ, Wisniewski W, Wolcott J, Wongjirad T, Wood A, Wood K, Worcester E, Worcester M, Wresilo K, Wret C, Wu W, Wu W, Xiao Y, Xie F, Yaeggy B, Yandel E, Yang G, Yang K, Yang T, Yankelevich A, Yershov N, Yonehara K, Yoon YS, Young T, Yu B, Yu H, Yu H, Yu J, Yu Y, Yuan W, Zaki R, Zalesak J, Zambelli L, Zamorano B, Zani A, Zazueta L, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zeug K, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhivun E, Zhu G, Zimmerman ED, Zucchelli S, Zuklin J, Zutshi V, Zwaska R. Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2022; 82:618. [PMID: 35859696 PMCID: PMC9288420 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abed Abud
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - M. R. Adames
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M. Adamowski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - J. Aguilar
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - B. Aimard
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - K. Allison
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. AlRashed
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Alton
- Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA
| | - R. Alvarez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Amedo
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Andreotti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N. Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antoniassi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - L. Arellano
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - L. Asquith
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M. Ayala-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - A. Back
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - P. Barham Alzas
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - G. Barker
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - A. Barros
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Bashyal
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Bay
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. C. Q. Bazetto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - C. Beigbeder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - A. Bersani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Bevan
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - A. Bhardwaj
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - V. Bhatnagar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T. 160014 India
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - D. Bhattarai
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Bhuller
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - F. Blaszczyk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - L. Bomben
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - F. Boran
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C. Bourgeois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Branca
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Breton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - I. Butorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - I. Cagnoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - T. Cai
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - R. Calabrese
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Carber
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - T. Carroll
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 11022 Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - E. Catano-Mur
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G. Cavallaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Cervera Villanueva
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Charitonidis
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | | | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z. Chen
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Y. Cheon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Chirco
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choate
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Chokheli
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - P. S. Chong
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Chukanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Cicero
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - G. Cline
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Colton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - R. Conley
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - J. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Copello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - P. Cova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - L. Cremonesi
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Crisler
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J. Crnkovic
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - A. Cudd
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - O. Dalager
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. De
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Delmonte
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - G. De Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - R. Devi
- University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - G. Dirkx
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - D. Doering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Dolek
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Dolinski
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Donon
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - D. Douillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Dragone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Drake
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Duarte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - B. Dutta
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Dyshkant
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - A. Earle
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Emberger
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Max-Planck-Institut, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - S. Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P. Englezos
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | | | - T. Erjavec
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - C. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Fani’
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - C. Farnese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D. Fedoseev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Y. Feng
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - P. Fernandez Menendez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Filip
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fiorini
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V. Fischer
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - S. Fogarty
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. K. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - K. Furman
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gabrielli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - F. Ganacim
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Gao
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - M. Á. García-Peris
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Gauvreau
- Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA
| | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - N. Geffroy
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - P. Giammaria
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Giammaria
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Gilligan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - P. Granger
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - J. Grenard
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Groh
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - M. Guarise
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - E. Guerard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Guerzoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Guffanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Gupta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - V. Gupta
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - C. Ha
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Haaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | | | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hartnett
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - J. Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - C. Hasnip
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - C. Hayes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - J. Hays
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - M. He
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hinkle
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - L. R. Hirsch
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - J. Ho
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Holin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - M. Hostert
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Hoyos
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | - I. Hristova
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. S. Hronek
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Z. Hulcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Ingratta
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - B. Irwin
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - L. Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79601 USA
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. M. Jackson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Jain
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Jang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - D. Jena
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Jeong
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - W. Johnson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - N. Johnston
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - M. Judah
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- Royal Holloway College, London, TW20 0EX UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - I. Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Kalitkina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - N. Kaneshige
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - D. M. Kaplan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | - G. Karaman
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Klustova
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - D. H. Koh
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - L. Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Korablev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Kordosky
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | - R. Kralik
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - L. Kreczko
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. Kropp
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - T. Kroupova
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - S. Kubota
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. Kumar
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - P. Kunze
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - N. Kurita
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - J. Kvasnicka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D. Kwak
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Land
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - M. Langstaff
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Larkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - G. Laurenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Lazzaroni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - S. Leardini
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T. LeCompte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Y. Lee
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - L. M. Lepin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Q. Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Ling
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Liu
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - X.-G. Lu
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Lunday
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - E. Luppi
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Maalmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - A. Madera
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Major
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - V. N. Manyam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Manzanillas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Marchan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Marie
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - D. Marsden
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martín-Albo
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - P. Martínez Miravé
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - V. Mascagna
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - F. Matichard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - I. Mawby
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | - P. Mendez
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. P. Méndez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - T. Mettler
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V. Mikola
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - G. Miller
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Minotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Mitchell
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - L. Molina Bueno
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. Montagna
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montañno Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. H. Moon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. F. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D. Moretti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Mote
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Mouster
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - D. Munford
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - A. Nath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | | | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - J. K. Nelson
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Newton
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | | | - A. Nikolica
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Y. Onishchuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - G. Palacio
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Parozzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Pascoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - A. Pena Perez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Pia
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - V. L. Pimentel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Amarais, Campinas, SP CEP 13069-901 Brazil
| | - G. Pinaroli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Plows
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - F. Pompa
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Poppi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Porter
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Prest
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - F. Psihas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Raut
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - E. M. Rea
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - R. Rechenmacher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Rejeb Sfar
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - M. Ribas
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - S. Riboldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Riccio
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. S. Ricol
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Rigamonti
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - D. Rivera
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - A. Robert
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - P. Rosier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B. Roskovec
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - M. Rossi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Roy
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - A. Rybnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - O. Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - V. Sandberg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schefke
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - S. Schifano
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. W. Schneider
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - A. Selyunin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - C. R. Senise
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - F. Shaker
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Shchablo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - A. Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | | | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - H. Siegel
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J. Sinclair
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - L. Singh
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - P. Singh
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - E. Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - S. Sokolov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | | | - S. R. Soleti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Sotnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - R. Stein
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Strigari
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | - H. Sullivan
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A &M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - H. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Tapia
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tarpara
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - N. Tata
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - P. Tennessen
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - T. Thakore
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - L. Tomassetti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - D. Torbunov
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - N. Tosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Totani
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - R. Travaglini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Trilov
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - Y. Tsai
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Uboldi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Uzunyan
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - S. Valder
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - E. Valencia
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - R. Valentim
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. Vallazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - D. Vannerom
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas Oliva
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Vasina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. Vaughan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Vicenzi
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - H. Vieira de Souza
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Wallis
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - L. Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - X. Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - K. Wawrowska
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - A. Wood
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Xie
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - B. Yaeggy
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - E. Yandel
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Yang
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Yoon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Y. Yu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - W. Yuan
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada & CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. Zhang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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Acero MA, Adamson P, Aliaga L, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Arrieta-Diaz E, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Back A, Backhouse C, Baird M, Balashov N, Baldi P, Bambah BA, Bashar S, Bays K, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Blair J, Booth AC, Bowles R, Bromberg C, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Calvez S, Carroll TJ, Catano-Mur E, Choudhary BC, Christensen A, Coan TE, Colo M, Cremonesi L, Davies GS, Derwent PF, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Dolce M, Doyle D, Dueñas Tonguino D, Dukes EC, Duyang H, Edayath S, Ehrlich R, Elkins M, Ewart E, Feldman GJ, Filip P, Franc J, Frank MJ, Gallagher HR, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Giri A, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Grichine V, Groh M, Group R, Guo B, Habig A, Hakl F, Hall A, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hausner H, Heller K, Hewes J, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang J, Jargowsky B, Jarosz J, Jediny F, Johnson C, Judah M, Kakorin I, Kalra D, Kalitkina A, Kaplan DM, Keloth R, Klimov O, Koerner LW, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kralik R, Kullenberg C, Kubu M, Kumar A, Kuruppu CD, Kus V, Lackey T, Lasorak P, Lang K, Lesmeister J, Lin S, Lister A, Liu J, Lokajicek M, Magill S, Manrique Plata M, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Martinez-Casales M, Matveev V, Mayes B, Méndez DP, Messier MD, Meyer H, Miao T, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mohanta R, Moren A, Morozova A, Mu W, Mualem L, Muether M, Mulder K, Naples D, Nayak N, Nelson JK, Nichol R, Niner E, Norman A, Norrick A, Nosek T, Oh H, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Ott J, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Petrova O, Petti R, Phan DD, Plunkett RK, Porter JCC, Rafique A, Raj V, Rajaoalisoa M, Ramson B, Rebel B, Rojas P, Ryabov V, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sánchez Falero S, Shanahan P, Sheshukov A, Singh P, Singh V, Smith E, Smolik J, Snopok P, Solomey N, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Sutton A, Swain S, Sweeney C, Tapia Oregui B, Tas P, Thakore T, Thayyullathil RB, Thomas J, Tiras E, Tripathi J, Trokan-Tenorio J, Tsaris A, Torun Y, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vallari Z, Vasel J, Vokac P, Vrba T, Wallbank M, Warburton TK, Wetstein M, Whittington D, Wickremasinghe DA, Wojcicki SG, Wolcott J, Wu W, Xiao Y, Yallappa Dombara A, Yonehara K, Yu S, Yu Y, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zhang Y, Zwaska R. Search for Active-Sterile Antineutrino Mixing Using Neutral-Current Interactions with the NOvA Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:201801. [PMID: 34860065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports results from the first long-baseline search for sterile antineutrinos mixing in an accelerator-based antineutrino-dominated beam. The rate of neutral-current interactions in the two NOvA detectors, at distances of 1 and 810 km from the beam source, is analyzed using an exposure of 12.51×10^{20} protons-on-target from the NuMI beam at Fermilab running in antineutrino mode. A total of 121 of neutral-current candidates are observed at the far detector, compared to a prediction of 122±11(stat.)±15(syst.) assuming mixing only between three active flavors. No evidence for ν[over ¯]_{μ}→ν[over ¯]_{s} oscillation is observed. Interpreting this result within a 3+1 model, constraints are placed on the mixing angles θ_{24}<25° and θ_{34}<32° at the 90% C.L. for 0.05 eV^{2}≤Δm_{41}^{2}≤0.5 eV^{2}, the range of mass splittings that produces no significant oscillations at the near detector. These are the first 3+1 confidence limits set using long-baseline accelerator antineutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Acero
- Universidad del Atlantico, Carrera 30 No. 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Aliaga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - E Arrieta-Diaz
- Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No 22 - 08 Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - L Asquith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Aurisano
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Back
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C Backhouse
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M Baird
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - N Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B A Bambah
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - S Bashar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Bays
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - R Bernstein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Bhatnagar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - B Bhuyan
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, India
| | - J Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Blair
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - A C Booth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Bowles
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Bromberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Buchanan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - A Butkevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - S Calvez
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - T J Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Catano-Mur
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - B C Choudhary
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - A Christensen
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - T E Coan
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Colo
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G S Davies
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P F Derwent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Dolce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - D Doyle
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - D Dueñas Tonguino
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - E C Dukes
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Duyang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Edayath
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - R Ehrlich
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Elkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - E Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - G J Feldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Filip
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Franc
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M J Frank
- Department of Physics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
| | - H R Gallagher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R Gandrajula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - A Giri
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502 205, India
| | - R A Gomes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - M C Goodman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Grichine
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Groh
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Group
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Habig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - F Hakl
- Institute of Computer Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 07 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Hall
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Hartnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - H Hausner
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Heller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Hewes
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Holin
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - B Jargowsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J Jarosz
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - F Jediny
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C Johnson
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Judah
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - I Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - D Kalra
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - A Kalitkina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - D M Kaplan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - R Keloth
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - O Klimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - L W Koerner
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - L Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S Kotelnikov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - R Kralik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ch Kullenberg
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - M Kubu
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - C D Kuruppu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - V Kus
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Lackey
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Lasorak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Lang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Lesmeister
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - S Lin
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - A Lister
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - M Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - W A Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M L Marshak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Martinez-Casales
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - V Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - B Mayes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - D P Méndez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M D Messier
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Meyer
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W H Miller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Mislivec
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Mohanta
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - A Moren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - A Morozova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - W Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Muether
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - K Mulder
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - N Nayak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R Nichol
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Oh
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - T Olson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Ott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R B Patterson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Pawloski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - O Petrova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - R Petti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D D Phan
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R K Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J C C Porter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Raj
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Rajaoalisoa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Rojas
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - V Ryabov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - O Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - M C Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Sánchez Falero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - P Shanahan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Singh
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - E Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Smolik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - P Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - N Solomey
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - A Sousa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - K Soustruznik
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Strait
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sutton
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Swain
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Khurda, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - C Sweeney
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - B Tapia Oregui
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Tas
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Thakore
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - R B Thayyullathil
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - J Thomas
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Tiras
- Department of Physics, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - J Trokan-Tenorio
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - A Tsaris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Torun
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vahle
- Department of Physics, William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - Z Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vokac
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M Wallbank
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - T K Warburton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M Wetstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D Whittington
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse New York 13210, USA
| | | | - S G Wojcicki
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Wolcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - W Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A Yallappa Dombara
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse New York 13210, USA
| | - K Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Yu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Y Yu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S Zadorozhnyy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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Abi B, Acciarri R, Acero MA, Adamov G, Adams D, Adinolfi M, Ahmad Z, Ahmed J, Alion T, Monsalve SA, Alt C, Anderson J, Andreopoulos C, Andrews MP, Andrianala F, Andringa S, Ankowski A, Antonova M, Antusch S, Aranda-Fernandez A, Ariga A, Arnold LO, Arroyave MA, Asaadi J, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Autiero D, Azfar F, Back H, Back JJ, Backhouse C, Baesso P, Bagby L, Bajou R, Balasubramanian S, Baldi P, Bambah B, Barao F, Barenboim G, Barker GJ, Barkhouse W, Barnes C, Barr G, Monarca JB, Barros N, Barrow JL, Bashyal A, Basque V, Bay F, Alba JLB, Beacom JF, Bechetoille E, Behera B, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Belver D, Benekos N, Neves FB, Berger J, Berkman S, Bernardini P, Berner RM, Berns H, Bertolucci S, Betancourt M, Bezawada Y, Bhattacharjee M, Bhuyan B, Biagi S, Bian J, Biassoni M, Biery K, Bilki B, Bishai M, Bitadze A, Blake A, Siffert BB, Blaszczyk FDM, Blazey GC, Blucher E, Boissevain J, Bolognesi S, Bolton T, Bonesini M, Bongrand M, Bonini F, Booth A, Booth 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Davini S, Dawson J, De K, De Almeida RM, Debbins P, De Bonis I, Decowski MP, de Gouvêa A, De Holanda PC, De Icaza Astiz IL, Deisting A, De Jong P, Delbart A, Delepine D, Delgado M, Dell’Acqua A, De Lurgio P, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMuth DM, Dennis S, Densham C, Deptuch G, De Roeck A, De Romeri V, De Vries JJ, Dharmapalan R, Dias M, Diaz F, Díaz JS, Di Domizio S, Di Giulio L, Ding P, Di Noto L, Distefano C, Diurba R, Diwan M, Djurcic Z, Dokania N, Dolinski MJ, Domine L, Douglas D, Drielsma F, Duchesneau D, Duffy K, Dunne P, Durkin T, Duyang H, Dvornikov O, Dwyer DA, Dyshkant AS, Eads M, Edmunds D, Eisch J, Emery S, Ereditato A, Escobar CO, Sanchez LE, Evans JJ, Ewart E, Ezeribe AC, Fahey K, Falcone A, Farnese C, Farzan Y, Felix J, Fernandez-Martinez E, Fernandez Menendez P, Ferraro F, Fields L, Filkins A, Filthaut F, Fitzpatrick RS, Flanagan W, Fleming B, Flight R, Fowler J, Fox W, Franc J, Francis K, Franco D, Freeman J, Freestone J, Fried J, Friedland A, Fuess S, Furic I, Furmanski AP, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gallego-Ros A, Gallice N, Galymov V, Gamberini E, Gamble T, Gandhi R, Gandrajula R, Gao S, Garcia-Gamez D, García-Peris MÁ, Gardiner S, Gastler D, Ge G, Gelli B, Gendotti A, Gent S, Ghorbani-Moghaddam Z, Gibin D, Gil-Botella I, Girerd C, Giri AK, Gnani D, Gogota O, Gold M, Gollapinni S, Gollwitzer K, Gomes RA, Bermeo LVG, Fajardo LSG, Gonnella F, Gonzalez-Cuevas JA, Goodman MC, Goodwin O, Goswami S, Gotti C, Goudzovski E, Grace C, Graham M, Gramellini E, Gran R, Granados E, Grant A, Grant C, Gratieri D, Green P, Green S, Greenler L, Greenwood M, Greer J, Griffith WC, Groh M, Grudzinski J, Grzelak K, Gu W, Guarino V, Guenette R, Guglielmi A, Guo B, Guthikonda KK, Gutierrez R, Guzowski P, Guzzo MM, Gwon S, Habig A, Hackenburg A, Hadavand H, Haenni R, Hahn A, Haigh J, Haiston J, Hamernik T, Hamilton P, Han J, Harder K, Harris DA, Hartnell J, Hasegawa T, Hatcher R, Hazen E, Heavey A, Heeger KM, Heise J, Hennessy K, Henry S, Morquecho MAH, Herner K, Hertel L, Hesam AS, 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Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: DUNE Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:322. [PMID: 34720713 PMCID: PMC8550327 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE's sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.
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Grants
- MR/T019530/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/T041323/1 Medical Research Council
- MSMT, Czech Republic
- NRF, South Korea
- Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- SERI, Switzerland
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- U.S. Department of Energy
- CERN
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu
- The Royal Society, United Kingdom
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- U.S. NSF
- FCT, Portugal
- CEA, France
- CNRS/IN2P3, France
- European Regional Development Fund
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- H2020-EU, European Union
- IPP, Canada
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- CAM, Spain
- MSCA, European Union
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Fundacção de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Fundacion “La Caixa” Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. P. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - A. Ariga
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - P. Baesso
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Bajou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - A. Bashyal
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - F. Bay
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Belver
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - H. Berns
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - B. Blanco Siffert
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | | | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - C. Booth
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - T. Boschi
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - S. B. Boyd
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Brianne
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | | | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, 11022 Colombia
| | | | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Chang
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Chaves
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choubey
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. M. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Corwin
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - P. Cotte
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | | | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - M. Dabrowski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. M. De Almeida
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - G. Deptuch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - N. Dokania
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Durkin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. A. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - S. Emery
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - C. O. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Farnese
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Filkins
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Green
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Greenwood
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - M. Groh
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | | | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haigh
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - K. Harder
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - K. Hennessy
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Hertel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - A. S. Hesam
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Higuera
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Hohl
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A. Holin
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | | | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - J. Hugon
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Izmaylov
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | | | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A. Joglekar
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - C. Johnson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | | | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Kordosky
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Kumar
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - K. Lande
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. Lastoria
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Leyton
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Li
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - T. Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - K. Loo
- University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D. Lorca
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - N. Lurkin
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - D. MacFarland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martin-Albo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - M. Masud
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - M. Mellinato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Menary
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Migenda
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - C. Milne
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montano Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - B. Morgan
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - D. Navas-Nicolás
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - L. Necib
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | | | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - D. Newhart
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | | | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - S. Pakvasa
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - J. C. Park
- Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | | | - Y. Penichot
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - J. Pillow
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Pinzino
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - G. Prior
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K. Qi
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Raboanary
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Ravat
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - H. Razafinime
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - D. Redondo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - T. Rehak
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - K. Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Rivera
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | - H. Rogers
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - S. Roy
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Russell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schaffer
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - I. Seong
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonrabuk-do 54896 South Korea
| | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - N. Simos
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - G. Sinev
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | | | - A. Smith
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - M. Soares Nunes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | | | | | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - R. Staley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Stocks
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Striganov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - R. Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - H. A. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Todd
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D. Totani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. A. Valdiviesso
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, MG 37715-400 Brazil
| | - E. Valencia
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - G. Vasseur
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - M. R. While
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | | | - K. Wood
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - L. Wood
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada and CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Y. Zhao
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - M. Zito
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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7
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Debski KJ, Ceglia N, Ghestem A, Ivanov AI, Brancati GE, Bröer S, Bot AM, Müller JA, Schoch S, Becker A, Löscher W, Guye M, Sassone-Corsi P, Lukasiuk K, Baldi P, Bernard C. The circadian dynamics of the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome is altered in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaat5979. [PMID: 33036982 PMCID: PMC10764101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene and protein expressions display circadian oscillations, which can be disrupted in diseases in most body organs. Whether these oscillations occur in the healthy hippocampus and whether they are altered in epilepsy are not known. We identified more than 1200 daily oscillating transcripts in the hippocampus of control mice and 1600 in experimental epilepsy, with only one-fourth oscillating in both conditions. Comparison of gene oscillations in control and epilepsy predicted time-dependent alterations in energy metabolism, which were verified experimentally. Although aerobic glycolysis remained constant from morning to afternoon in controls, it increased in epilepsy. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation increased in control and decreased in epilepsy. Thus, the control hippocampus shows circadian molecular remapping, which is altered in epilepsy. We suggest that the hippocampus operates in a different functioning mode in epilepsy. These alterations need to be considered when studying epilepsy mechanisms, designing drug treatments, and timing their delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Debski
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Ceglia
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - A Ghestem
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - A I Ivanov
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - G E Brancati
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - S Bröer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - A M Bot
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J A Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Guye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - P Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K Lukasiuk
- Epileptogenesis Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3435, USA
| | - C Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.
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8
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Acero M, Adamson P, Aliaga L, Alion T, Allakhverdian V, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Arrieta-Diaz E, Aurisano A, Back A, Backhouse C, Baird M, Balashov N, Baldi P, Bambah B, Basher S, Bays K, Behera B, Bending S, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Blair J, Booth A, Bolshakova A, Bour P, Bromberg C, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Campbell M, Carroll T, Catano-Mur E, Childress S, Choudhary B, Chowdhury B, Coan T, Colo M, Corwin L, Cremonesi L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Davies G, Derwent P, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Doyle D, Dukes E, Dung P, Duyang H, Edayath S, Ehrlich R, Feldman G, Flanagan W, Frank M, Gallagher H, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Germani S, Giri A, Gomes R, Goodman M, Grichine V, Groh M, Group R, Guo B, Habig A, Hakl F, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hatzikoutelis A, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Howard B, Huang J, Hylen J, Jediny F, Johnson C, Judah M, Kakorin I, Kalra D, Kaplan D, Keloth R, Klimov O, Koerner L, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kreymer A, Kullenberg C, Kumar A, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Lackey T, Lang K, Lin S, Lokajicek M, Lozier J, Luchuk S, Maan K, Magill S, Mann W, Marshak M, Matveev V, Méndez D, Messier M, Meyer H, Miao T, Miller W, Mishra S, Mislivec A, Mohanta R, Moren A, Mualem L, Muether M, Mulder K, Mufson S, Murphy R, Musser J, Naples D, Nayak N, Nelson J, Nichol R, Niner E, Norman A, Nosek T, Oksuzian Y, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Paley J, Patterson R, Pawloski G, Pershey D, Petrova O, Petti R, Plunkett R, Potukuchi B, Principato C, Psihas F, Raj V, Radovic A, Rameika R, Rebel B, Rojas P, Ryabov V, Sachdev K, Samoylov O, Sanchez M, Seong I, Shanahan P, Sheshukov A, Singh P, Singh V, Smith E, Smolik J, Snopok P, Solomey N, Song E, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Talaga R, Tas P, Thayyullathil R, Thomas J, Tiras E, Torbunov D, Tripathi J, Tsaris A, Torun Y, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vasel J, Vinton L, Vokac P, Vrba T, Wang B, Warburton T, Wetstein M, While M, Whittington D, Wojcicki S, Wolcott J, Yadav N, Yallappa Dombara A, Yang S, Yonehara K, Yu S, Zalesak J, Zamorano B, Zwaska R. Measurement of neutrino-induced neutral-current coherent
π0
production in the NOvA near detector. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.012004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Acero M, Adamson P, Aliaga L, Alion T, Allakhverdian V, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Back A, Backhouse C, Baird M, Balashov N, Baldi P, Bambah B, Bashar S, Bays K, Bending S, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Blair J, Booth A, Bour P, Bromberg C, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Calvez S, Carroll T, Catano-Mur E, Childress S, Choudhary B, Coan T, Colo M, Corwin L, Cremonesi L, Davies G, Derwent P, Dharmapalan R, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Doyle D, Dukes E, Dung P, Duyang H, Edayath S, Ehrlich R, Feldman G, Filip P, Flanagan W, Frank M, Gallagher H, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Germani S, Giri A, Gomes R, Goodman M, Grichine V, Groh M, Group R, Guo B, Habig A, Hakl F, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Hewes J, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang J, Hylen J, Jediny F, Johnson C, Judah M, Kakorin I, Kalra D, Kaplan D, Keloth R, Klimov O, Koerner L, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kullenberg C, Kumar A, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Lackey T, Lang K, Li L, Lin S, Lokajicek M, Luchuk S, Magill S, Mann W, Marshak M, Martinez-Casales M, Matveev V, Mayes B, Méndez D, Messier M, Meyer H, Miao T, Miller W, Mishra S, Mislivec A, Mohanta R, Moren A, Mualem L, Muether M, Mufson S, Mulder K, Murphy R, Musser J, Naples D, Nayak N, Nelson J, Nichol R, Niner E, Norman A, Norrick A, Nosek T, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Paley J, Patterson R, Pawloski G, Petrova O, Petti R, Plunkett R, Rafique A, Psihas F, Raj V, Rebel B, Rojas P, Ryabov V, Samoylov O, Sanchez M, Sánchez Falero S, Shanahan P, Sheshukov A, Singh P, Singh V, Smith E, Smolik J, Snopok P, Solomey N, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Sutton A, Talaga R, Tapia Oregui B, Tas P, Thayyullathil R, Thomas J, Tiras E, Torbunov D, Tripathi J, Torun Y, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vasel J, Vokac P, Vrba T, Wallbank M, Warburton T, Wetstein M, Whittington D, Wojcicki S, Wolcott J, Yallappa Dombara A, Yonehara K, Yu S, Yu Y, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zhang Y, Zwaska R. Search for multimessenger signals in NOvA coincident with LIGO/Virgo detections. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Acero MA, Adamson P, Aliaga L, Alion T, Allakhverdian V, Altakarli S, Anfimov N, Antoshkin A, Aurisano A, Back A, Backhouse C, Baird M, Balashov N, Baldi P, Bambah BA, Bashar S, Bays K, Bending S, Bernstein R, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Blackburn T, Blair J, Booth AC, Bour P, Bromberg C, Buchanan N, Butkevich A, Calvez S, Campbell M, Carroll TJ, Catano-Mur E, Cedeno A, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Chowdhury B, Coan TE, Colo M, Cooper J, Corwin L, Cremonesi L, Davies GS, Derwent PF, Ding P, Djurcic Z, Doyle D, Dukes EC, Duyang H, Edayath S, Ehrlich R, Elkins M, Feldman GJ, Filip P, Flanagan W, Frank MJ, Gallagher HR, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Germani S, Giri A, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Grichine V, Groh M, Group R, Guo B, Habig A, Hakl F, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hatzikoutelis A, Heller K, Hewes J, Himmel A, Holin A, Howard B, Huang J, Hylen J, Jediny F, Johnson C, Judah M, Kakorin I, Kalra D, Kaplan DM, Keloth R, Klimov O, Koerner LW, Kolupaeva L, Kotelnikov S, Kourbanis I, Kreymer A, Kulenberg C, Kumar A, Kuruppu CD, Kus V, Lackey T, Lang K, Lin S, Lokajicek M, Lozier J, Luchuk S, Maan K, Magill S, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Martinez-Casales M, Matveev V, Méndez DP, Messier MD, Meyer H, Miao T, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mohanta R, Moren A, Mualem L, Muether M, Mufson S, Mulder K, Murphy R, Musser J, Naples D, Nayak N, Nelson JK, Nichol R, Nikseresht G, Niner E, Norman A, Nosek T, Olshevskiy A, Olson T, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pershey D, Petrova O, Petti R, Phan DD, Plunkett RK, Potukuchi B, Principato C, Psihas F, Radovic A, Raj V, Rameika RA, Rebel B, Rojas P, Ryabov V, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sánchez Falero S, Seong IS, Shanahan P, Sheshukov A, Singh P, Singh V, Smith E, Smolik J, Snopok P, Solomey N, Song E, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Strait M, Suter L, Sutton A, Talaga RL, Tapia Oregui B, Tas P, Thayyullathil RB, Thomas J, Tiras E, Torbunov D, Tripathi J, Tsaris A, Torun Y, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vasel J, Vinton L, Vokac P, Vrba T, Wallbank M, Wang B, Warburton TK, Wetstein M, While M, Whittington D, Wojcicki SG, Wolcott J, Yadav N, Yallappa Dombara A, Yonehara K, Yu S, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zamorano B, Zwaska R. First measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters using neutrinos and antineutrinos by NOvA. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:151803. [PMID: 31702305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The NOvA experiment has seen a 4.4σ signal of ν[over ¯]_{e} appearance in a 2 GeV ν[over ¯]_{μ} beam at a distance of 810 km. Using 12.33×10^{20} protons on target delivered to the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beamline, the experiment recorded 27 ν[over ¯]_{μ}→ν[over ¯]_{e} candidates with a background of 10.3 and 102 ν[over ¯]_{μ}→ν[over ¯]_{μ} candidates. This new antineutrino data are combined with neutrino data to measure the parameters |Δm_{32}^{2}|=2.48_{-0.06}^{+0.11}×10^{-3} eV^{2}/c^{4} and sin^{2}θ_{23} in the ranges from (0.53-0.60) and (0.45-0.48) in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. The data exclude most values near δ_{CP}=π/2 for the inverted mass hierarchy by more than 3σ and favor the normal neutrino mass hierarchy by 1.9σ and θ_{23} values in the upper octant by 1.6σ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Acero
- Universidad del Atlantico, Km. 7 antigua via a Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - P Adamson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Aliaga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Alion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - V Allakhverdian
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S Altakarli
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - N Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Aurisano
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Back
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C Backhouse
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - M Baird
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - N Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B A Bambah
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - S Bashar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - K Bays
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S Bending
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Bernstein
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - V Bhatnagar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - B Bhuyan
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - J Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - T Blackburn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J Blair
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - A C Booth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - P Bour
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C Bromberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Buchanan
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - A Butkevich
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - S Calvez
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Campbell
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - T J Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - E Catano-Mur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - A Cedeno
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - S Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B C Choudhary
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - B Chowdhury
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - T E Coan
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - M Colo
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Cooper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - L Corwin
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - L Cremonesi
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G S Davies
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P F Derwent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Z Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Doyle
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - E C Dukes
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Duyang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Edayath
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - R Ehrlich
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Elkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - G J Feldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Filip
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - W Flanagan
- University of Dallas, 1845 E Northgate Drive, Irving, Texas 75062 USA
| | - M J Frank
- Department of Physics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H R Gallagher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - R Gandrajula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - F Gao
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - S Germani
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Giri
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad 502 205, India
| | - R A Gomes
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - M C Goodman
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Grichine
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M Groh
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Group
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Habig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - F Hakl
- Institute of Computer Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 07 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Hartnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Hatzikoutelis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K Heller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Hewes
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Holin
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - B Howard
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - J Hylen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - F Jediny
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C Johnson
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Judah
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - I Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - D Kalra
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - D M Kaplan
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - R Keloth
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - O Klimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - L W Koerner
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - L Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - S Kotelnikov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I Kourbanis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Kreymer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Ch Kulenberg
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - C D Kuruppu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - V Kus
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Lackey
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - K Lang
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - S Lin
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - M Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Lozier
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Luchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - K Maan
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - S Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W A Mann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - M L Marshak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M Martinez-Casales
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - V Matveev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - D P Méndez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M D Messier
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Meyer
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - T Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W H Miller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S R Mishra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Mislivec
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Mohanta
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - A Moren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - L Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Muether
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - S Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - K Mulder
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - R Murphy
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - D Naples
- Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - N Nayak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J K Nelson
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R Nichol
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G Nikseresht
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - E Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - T Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague 116 36, Czech Republic
| | - A Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - T Olson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R B Patterson
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - G Pawloski
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Pershey
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - O Petrova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - R Petti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D D Phan
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - R K Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Potukuchi
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - C Principato
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - F Psihas
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Radovic
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - V Raj
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - R A Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Rojas
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1875, USA
| | - V Ryabov
- Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, Leninsky Prospect 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - O Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - M C Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Sánchez Falero
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - I S Seong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - P Shanahan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region 141980, Russia
| | - P Singh
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - V Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - E Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Smolik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - P Snopok
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - N Solomey
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67206, USA
| | - E Song
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Sousa
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - K Soustruznik
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague 116 36, Czech Republic
| | - M Strait
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - L Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A Sutton
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - R L Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Tapia Oregui
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - P Tas
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague 116 36, Czech Republic
| | - R B Thayyullathil
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682 022, India
| | - J Thomas
- Physics and Astronomy Dept., University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Tiras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D Torbunov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - A Tsaris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y Torun
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - J Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P Vahle
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - L Vinton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - P Vokac
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T Vrba
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Brehova 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M Wallbank
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - T K Warburton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M Wetstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M While
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - D Whittington
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - S G Wojcicki
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Wolcott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - N Yadav
- Department of Physics, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - A Yallappa Dombara
- Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - K Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S Yu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - S Zadorozhnyy
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russia, Academy of Sciences 7a, 60th October Anniversary prospect, Moscow 117312, Russia
| | - J Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Zamorano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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11
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Abstract
Learning in physical neural systems must rely on learning rules that are local in both space and time. Optimal learning in deep neural architectures requires that non-local information be available to the deep synapses. Thus, in general, optimal learning in physical neural systems requires the presence of a deep learning channel to communicate non-local information to deep synapses, in a direction opposite to the forward propagation of the activities. Theoretical arguments suggest that for circular autoencoders, an important class of neural architectures where the output layer is identical to the input layer, alternative algorithms may exist that enable local learning without the need for additional learning channels, by using the forward activation channel as the deep learning channel. Here we systematically identify, classify, and study several such local learning algorithms, based on the general idea of recirculating information from the output layer to the hidden layers. We show through simulations and mathematical derivations that these algorithms are robust and converge to critical points of the global error function. In most cases, we show that these recirculation algorithms are very similar to an adaptive form of random backpropagation, where each hidden layer receives a linearly transformed, slowly-varying, version of the output error.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
| | - P Sadowski
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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Chang P, Grinband J, Weinberg BD, Bardis M, Khy M, Cadena G, Su MY, Cha S, Filippi CG, Bota D, Baldi P, Poisson LM, Jain R, Chow D. Deep-Learning Convolutional Neural Networks Accurately Classify Genetic Mutations in Gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1201-1207. [PMID: 29748206 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The World Health Organization has recently placed new emphasis on the integration of genetic information for gliomas. While tissue sampling remains the criterion standard, noninvasive imaging techniques may provide complimentary insight into clinically relevant genetic mutations. Our aim was to train a convolutional neural network to independently predict underlying molecular genetic mutation status in gliomas with high accuracy and identify the most predictive imaging features for each mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR imaging data and molecular information were retrospectively obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archives for 259 patients with either low- or high-grade gliomas. A convolutional neural network was trained to classify isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status, 1p/19q codeletion, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation status. Principal component analysis of the final convolutional neural network layer was used to extract the key imaging features critical for successful classification. RESULTS Classification had high accuracy: IDH1 mutation status, 94%; 1p/19q codeletion, 92%; and MGMT promotor methylation status, 83%. Each genetic category was also associated with distinctive imaging features such as definition of tumor margins, T1 and FLAIR suppression, extent of edema, extent of necrosis, and textural features. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that for The Cancer Imaging Archives dataset, machine-learning approaches allow classification of individual genetic mutations of both low- and high-grade gliomas. We show that relevant MR imaging features acquired from an added dimensionality-reduction technique demonstrate that neural networks are capable of learning key imaging components without prior feature selection or human-directed training.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chang
- From the Department of Radiology (P.C., S.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - J Grinband
- Department of Radiology (J.G.), Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - B D Weinberg
- Department of Radiology (B.D.W.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Bardis
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - M Khy
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | | | - M-Y Su
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
| | - S Cha
- From the Department of Radiology (P.C., S.C.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - C G Filippi
- Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), North Shore University Hospital, Long Island, New York
| | | | - P Baldi
- School of Information and Computer Sciences (P.B.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - L M Poisson
- Department of Public Health Sciences (L.M.P.), Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - R Jain
- Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery (R.J.), New York University, New York, New York
| | - D Chow
- Departments of Radiology (M.B., M.K., M.-Y.S., D.C.)
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13
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Bonaccorsi G, Santomauro F, Donzellini M, Baldi P, Bartolini C, Lorini C. Health literacy among paid caregivers of elderly people: preliminary Resultsof a Tuscan study. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw166.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Baldi P, Blanke M, Castaldi P, Mimmo N, Simani S. Combined Geometric and Neural Network Approach to Generic Fault Diagnosis in Satellite Actuators and Sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The Higgs boson is thought to provide the interaction that imparts mass to the fundamental fermions, but while measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are consistent with this hypothesis, current analysis techniques lack the statistical power to cross the traditional 5σ significance barrier without more data. Deep learning techniques have the potential to increase the statistical power of this analysis by automatically learning complex, high-level data representations. In this work, deep neural networks are used to detect the decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of tau leptons. A Bayesian optimization algorithm is used to tune the network architecture and training algorithm hyperparameters, resulting in a deep network of eight nonlinear processing layers that improves upon the performance of shallow classifiers even without the use of features specifically engineered by physicists for this application. The improvement in discovery significance is equivalent to an increase in the accumulated data set of 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - P Sadowski
- Department of Computer Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - D Whiteson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
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16
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Baldi P, Sadowski P, Whiteson D. Searching for exotic particles in high-energy physics with deep learning. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4308. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
Circadian oscillations play a critical role in coordinating the physiology, homeostasis, and behavior of biological systems. Once thought to only be controlled by a master clock, recent high-throughput experiments suggest many genes and metabolites in a cell are potentially capable of circadian oscillations. Each cell can reprogram itself and select a relatively small fraction of this broad repertoire for circadian oscillations, as a result of genetic, environmental, and even diet changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Patel
- Department of Computer Science, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K Eckel-Mahan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - P Sassone-Corsi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - P Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Berg D, Boehnke S, Marino R, Baldi P, Munoz D, Itti L. The role of bottom-up and top-down influences in directing primate gaze shifts. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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20
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Boehnke S, Berg D, Baldi P, Itti L, Munoz D. Adaptation and habituation of visual responses in the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SC). J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Berg DJ, Boehnke S, Marino R, Baldi P, Munoz D, Itti L. Characterizing surprise in humans and monkeys. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chang L, Sundaresh S, Elliott J, Anton PA, Baldi P, Licudine A, Mayer M, Vuong T, Hirano M, Naliboff BD, Ameen VZ, Mayer EA. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21:149-59. [PMID: 18684212 PMCID: PMC2745840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced stress responsiveness has been implicated as a potential mechanism contributing to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and should be reflected in altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Both of these systems can modulate mucosal immune function. The aims of this study were: (i) to characterize the basal circadian rhythm of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in IBS vs healthy controls; (ii) to compare stimulated ACTH, cortisol and noradrenaline responses to a pelvic visceral stressor (sigmoidoscopy) in IBS and controls; and (iii) to correlate neuroendocrine responses with colonic mucosal cytokine expression and symptoms in IBS. Two separate studies were conducted in women. In Study 1, basal cortisol levels were analysed in 41 IBS and 25 controls using 24-h collections of plasma ACTH and cortisol (q10 min sampling). In Study 2, 10 IBS patients with diarrhoea (IBS-D) and 10 controls underwent sigmoidoscopy with measurements of stimulated neuroendocrine responses and cytokine mRNA expression in colonic tissue. Basal ACTH levels were significantly blunted (P < 0.05), while basal and stimulated plasma cortisol levels were higher in patients. Basal cortisol levels prior to an experimental visceral stressor positively correlated with anxiety symptoms (P < 0.004), but not IBS symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhoea had significantly decreased mRNA expression of mucosal cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6] in the sigmoid colon vs controls (P < 0.05). Although dysregulations in stress-responsive systems such as the HPA axis and mucosal immune function are demonstrated in IBS, they do not appear to have a primary role in modulating IBS severity and abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chang
- Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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Abstract
The metabolism of solid tumors is associated with high lactate production while growing in oxygen (aerobic glycolysis) suggesting that tumors may have defects in mitochondrial function. The mitochondria produce cellular energy by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product, and regulate apoptosis via the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP). The mitochondria are assembled from both nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes. The mtDNA codes for 37 genes essential of OXPHOS, is present in thousands of copies per cell, and has a very high mutations rate. In humans, severe mtDNA mutations result in multisystem disease, while some functional population-specific polymorphisms appear to have permitted humans to adapt to new environments. Mutations in the nDNA-encoded mitochondrial genes for fumarate hydratase and succinate dehydrogenase have been linked to uterine leiomyomas and paragangliomas, and cancer cells have been shown to induce hexokinase II which harnesses OXPHOS adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production to drive glycolysis. Germline mtDNA mutations at nucleotides 10398 and 16189 have been associated with breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Tumor mtDNA somatic mutations range from severe insertion-deletion and chain termination mutations to mild missense mutations. Surprisingly, of the 190 tumor-specific somatic mtDNA mutations reported, 72% are also mtDNA sequence variants found in the general population. These include 52% of the tumor somatic mRNA missense mutations, 83% of the tRNA mutations, 38% of the rRNA mutations, and 85% of the control region mutations. Some associations might reflect mtDNA sequencing errors, but analysis of several of the tumor-specific somatic missense mutations with population counterparts appear legitimate. Therefore, mtDNA mutations in tumors may fall into two main classes: (1) severe mutations that inhibit OXPHOS, increase ROS production and promote tumor cell proliferation and (2) milder mutations that may permit tumors to adapt to new environments. The former may be lost during subsequent tumor oxygenation while the latter may become fixed. Hence, mitochondrial dysfunction does appear to be a factor in cancer etiology, an insight that may suggest new approaches for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brandon
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics (MAMMAG) and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3940, USA
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Tanzilli S, Tittel W, Halder M, Alibart O, Baldi P, Gisin N, Zbinden H. A photonic quantum information interface. Nature 2005; 437:116-20. [PMID: 16136138 DOI: 10.1038/nature04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quantum communication requires the transfer of quantum states, or quantum bits of information (qubits), from one place to another. From a fundamental perspective, this allows the distribution of entanglement and the demonstration of quantum non-locality over significant distances. Within the context of applications, quantum cryptography offers a provably secure way to establish a confidential key between distant partners. Photons represent the natural flying qubit carriers for quantum communication, and the presence of telecommunications optical fibres makes the wavelengths of 1,310 nm and 1,550 nm particularly suitable for distribution over long distances. However, qubits encoded into alkaline atoms that absorb and emit at wavelengths around 800 nm have been considered for the storage and processing of quantum information. Hence, future quantum information networks made of telecommunications channels and alkaline memories will require interfaces that enable qubit transfers between these useful wavelengths, while preserving quantum coherence and entanglement. Here we report a demonstration of qubit transfer between photons of wavelength 1,310 nm and 710 nm. The mechanism is a nonlinear up-conversion process, with a success probability of greater than 5 per cent. In the event of a successful qubit transfer, we observe strong two-photon interference between the 710 nm photon and a third photon at 1,550 nm, initially entangled with the 1,310 nm photon, although they never directly interacted. The corresponding fidelity is higher than 98 per cent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanzilli
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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31
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Abstract
SCRATCH is a server for predicting protein tertiary structure and structural features. The SCRATCH software suite includes predictors for secondary structure, relative solvent accessibility, disordered regions, domains, disulfide bridges, single mutation stability, residue contacts versus average, individual residue contacts and tertiary structure. The user simply provides an amino acid sequence and selects the desired predictions, then submits to the server. Results are emailed to the user. The server is available at .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - P. Baldi
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 949 824 5809; Fax: +1 949 824 4056;
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32
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Abstract
We report on a guided-wave asynchronous heralded single-photon source based on the creation of nondegenerate photon pairs by spontaneous parametric downconversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate wave-guide. We show that, by use of the signal photon at 1310 nm as a trigger, a gated detection process permits announcement of the arrival of single photons at 1550 nm at the output of a single-mode optical fiber with a high probability of 0.37. At the same time the multiphoton emission probability is reduced by a factor of 10 compared with Poissonian light sources. Furthermore, the model we have developed to calculate those figures of merit is shown to be accurate. This study can therefore serve as a paradigm for the conception of new quantum communication and computation networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Alibart
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6622, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose 06108, Nice 2, France.
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33
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Baldi P, Campari EG, Casula G, Focardi S, Levi G, Palmonari F. Gravitational constantGmeasured with a superconducting gravimeter. Int J Clin Exp Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.71.022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
MOTIVATION Over evolutionary time, various processes including point mutations and insertions, deletions and inversions of variable sized segments progressively degrade the homology of duplicated chromosomal regions making identification of the homologous regions correspondingly difficult. Existing algorithms that attempt to detect homology are based on shared-gene density and colinearity and possibly also strand information. RESULTS Here, we develop a new algorithm for the statistical detection of chromosomal homology, CloseUp, which uses shared-gene density alone to fully exploit the observation that relaxing colinearity requirements in general is beneficial for homology detection and at the same time optimizes computation time. CloseUp has two components: the identification of candidate homologous regions followed by their statistical evaluation using Monte Carlo methods and data randomization. Using both artificial and real data, we compared CloseUp with two existing programs (ADHoRe and LineUp) for chromosomal homology detection and found that in general CloseUp compares favorably. AVAILABILITY CloseUp and supplementary information are available at http://www.igb.uci.edu/servers/cgss.html CONTACT pfbaldi@ics.uci.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Hampson
- School of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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35
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Pollastri G, Baldi P. Prediction of contact maps by GIOHMMs and recurrent neural networks using lateral propagation from all four cardinal corners. Bioinformatics 2004; 18 Suppl 1:S62-70. [PMID: 12169532 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.suppl_1.s62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Accurate prediction of protein contact maps is an important step in computational structural proteomics. Because contact maps provide a translation and rotation invariant topological representation of a protein, they can be used as a fundamental intermediary step in protein structure prediction. RESULTS We develop a new set of flexible machine learning architectures for the prediction of contact maps, as well as other information processing and pattern recognition tasks. The architectures can be viewed as recurrent neural network implemantations of a class of Bayesian networks we call generalized input-output HMMs (GIOHMMs). For the specific case of contact maps, contextual information is propagated laterally through four hidden planes, one for each cardinal corner. We show that these architectures can be trained from examples and yield contact map predictors that outperform previously reported methods. While several extensions and improvements are in progress, the current version can accurately predict 60.5% of contacts at a distance cutoff of 8 A and 45% of distant contacts at 10 A, for proteins of length up to 300.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pollastri
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3425, USA.
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36
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Baldi P, Patocchi A, Zini E, Toller C, Velasco R, Komjanc M. Cloning and linkage mapping of resistance gene homologues in apple. Theor Appl Genet 2004; 109:231-239. [PMID: 15052401 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2003] [Accepted: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Apple ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) sequences sharing homology with known resistance genes were cloned using a PCR-based approach with degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed on conserved regions of the nucleotide-binding site (NBS). Sequence analysis of the amplified fragments indicated the presence of at least 27 families of NBS-containing genes in apple, each composed of several very similar or nearly identical sequences. The NBS-leucine-rich repeat homologues appeared to include members of the two major groups that have been described in dicot plants: one possessing a toll-interleukin receptor element and one lacking such a domain. Genetic mapping of the cloned sequences was achieved through the development of CAPS and SSCP markers using a segregating population of a cross between the two apple cultivars Fiesta and Discovery. Several of the apple resistance gene homologues mapped in the vicinity, or at least on the same linkage group, of known loci controlling resistance to various pathogens. The utility of resistance gene-homologue sequences as molecular markers for breeding purposes and for gene cloning is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Istituto Agrario San Michele a. Adige, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
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37
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Reali D, Deriu MG, Baldi P, Baggiani A, Pinto B. [Mycobacteria in swimming pool water and the meaning of microbiological conventional indicators]. Ann Ig 2004; 16:247-53. [PMID: 15554531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring program of hygienic quality water in twelve public swimming pools was performed. Legally required microbiological indicator parameters of safety for gastrointestinal illness were measured besides the analyses of Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp. prevalence, frequency of recovery and number of nontuberculous mycobacteria. We detected positive samples for coliforms at lower rate (29.3%) than Pseudomonas (75.5%), Staphylococcus spp. (46%) and Mycobacteria (59.4%). We pointed out statistically significant correlation (r=0.67 p=0.0001) between Mycobacteria and Pseudomonas so we think that the latter might be a good predictive marker. As 82% of samples had free chlorine residual within the limits stated by Italian Laws, the efficacy of chlorination to prevent risk of infectious diseases transmission by route other than gastroenteric was discussed. A revision of both the sanitary significance of conventional microbial parameters and the related regulations appears necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reali
- Dipartimento Patologia Sperimentale, Biotecnologie Mediche, Infettivologia, Epidemiologia, Università degli Studi di Pisa.
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38
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Abstract
Knowing the number of residue contacts in a protein is crucial for deriving constraints useful in modeling protein folding, protein structure, and/or scoring remote homology searches. Here we use an ensemble of bi-directional recurrent neural network architectures and evolutionary information to improve the state-of-the-art in contact prediction using a large corpus of curated data. The ensemble is used to discriminate between two different states of residue contacts, characterized by a contact number higher or lower than the average value of the residue distribution. The ensemble achieves performances ranging from 70.1% to 73.1% depending on the radius adopted to discriminate contacts (6Ato 12A). These performances represent gains of 15% to 20% over the base line statistical predictors always assigning an aminoacid to the most numerous state, 3% to 7% better than any previous method. Combination of different radius predictors further improves the performance. SERVER: http://promoter.ics.uci.edu/BRNN-PRED/.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pollastri
- Department of Information and Computer Science, Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3425, USA
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39
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Long AD, Mangalam HJ, Chan BY, Tolleri L, Hatfield GW, Baldi P. Improved statistical inference from DNA microarray data using analysis of variance and a Bayesian statistical framework. Analysis of global gene expression in Escherichia coli K12. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:19937-44. [PMID: 11259426 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010192200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe statistical methods based on the t test that can be conveniently used on high density array data to test for statistically significant differences between treatments. These t tests employ either the observed variance among replicates within treatments or a Bayesian estimate of the variance among replicates within treatments based on a prior estimate obtained from a local estimate of the standard deviation. The Bayesian prior allows statistical inference to be made from microarray data even when experiments are only replicated at nominal levels. We apply these new statistical tests to a data set that examined differential gene expression patterns in IHF(+) and IHF(-) Escherichia coli cells (Arfin, S. M., Long, A. D., Ito, E. T., Tolleri, L., Riehle, M. M., Paegle, E. S., and Hatfield, G. W. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 29672-29684). These analyses identify a more biologically reasonable set of candidate genes than those identified using statistical tests not incorporating a Bayesian prior. We also show that statistical tests based on analysis of variance and a Bayesian prior identify genes that are up- or down-regulated following an experimental manipulation more reliably than approaches based only on a t test or fold change. All the described tests are implemented in a simple-to-use web interface called Cyber-T that is located on the University of California at Irvine genomics web site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Long
- Department of Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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40
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Abstract
MOTIVATION DNA microarrays are now capable of providing genome-wide patterns of gene expression across many different conditions. The first level of analysis of these patterns requires determining whether observed differences in expression are significant or not. Current methods are unsatisfactory due to the lack of a systematic framework that can accommodate noise, variability, and low replication often typical of microarray data. RESULTS We develop a Bayesian probabilistic framework for microarray data analysis. At the simplest level, we model log-expression values by independent normal distributions, parameterized by corresponding means and variances with hierarchical prior distributions. We derive point estimates for both parameters and hyperparameters, and regularized expressions for the variance of each gene by combining the empirical variance with a local background variance associated with neighboring genes. An additional hyperparameter, inversely related to the number of empirical observations, determines the strength of the background variance. Simulations show that these point estimates, combined with a t -test, provide a systematic inference approach that compares favorably with simple t -test or fold methods, and partly compensate for the lack of replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3425, USA.
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41
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Abstract
MOTIVATION The primary function of DNA is to carry genetic information through the genetic code. DNA, however, contains a variety of other signals related, for instance, to reading frame, codon bias, pairwise codon bias, splice sites and transcription regulation, nucleosome positioning and DNA structure. Here we study the relationship between the genetic code and DNA structure and address two questions. First, to which degree does the degeneracy of the genetic code and the acceptable amino acid substitution patterns allow for the superimposition of DNA structural signals to protein coding sequences? Second, is the origin or evolution of the genetic code likely to have been constrained by DNA structure? RESULTS We develop an index for code flexibility with respect to DNA structure. Using five different di- or tri-nucleotide models of sequence-dependent DNA structure, we show that the standard genetic code provides a fair level of flexibility at the level of broad amino acid categories. Thus the code generally allows for the superimposition of any structural signal on any protein-coding sequence, through amino acid substitution. The flexibility observed at the level of single amino acids allows only for the superimposition of punctual and loosely positioned signals to conserved amino acid sequences. The degree of flexibility of the genetic code is low or average with respect to several classes of alternative codes. This result is consistent with the view that DNA structure is not likely to have played a significant role in the origin and evolution of the genetic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Baisnée
- Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3425, USA.
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42
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Baldi P, Pollastri G, Andersen CA, Brunak S. Matching protein beta-sheet partners by feedforward and recurrent neural networks. Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol 2001; 8:25-36. [PMID: 10977063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the secondary structure (alpha-helices, beta-sheets, coils) of proteins is an important step towards understanding their three dimensional conformations. Unlike alpha-helices that are built up from one contiguous region of the polypeptide chain, beta-sheets are more complex resulting from a combination of two or more disjoint regions. The exact nature of these long distance interactions remains unclear. Here we introduce two neural-network based methods for the prediction of amino acid partners in parallel as well as anti-parallel beta-sheets. The neural architectures predict whether two residues located at the center of two distant windows are paired or not in a beta-sheet structure. Variations on these architecture, including also profiles and ensembles, are trained and tested via five-fold cross validation using a large corpus of curated data. Prediction on both coupled and non-coupled residues currently approaches 84% accuracy, better than any previously reported method.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine 92697-3425, USA.
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43
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Hampson S, Baldi P, Kibler D, Sandmeyer SB. Analysis of yeast's ORF upstream regions by parallel processing, microarrays, and computational methods. Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol 2001; 8:190-201. [PMID: 10977080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hampson
- Dept of Information and Computer Science, Univeristy of California, Irvine 92697-3425, USA.
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Solli P, Carbognani P, Cattelani L, Baldi P, Rusca M. Unusually located hydatid cysts miming a pulmonary tumor invaliding the spine. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2001; 42:147-9. [PMID: 11292925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydatid disease is a worldwide encountered zoonosis but at present very rare in Europe, liver and lungs being the most frequently involved sites. Bone involvement is very uncommon and the vertebral spine is the most common site of skeletal involvement (less than 1% overall). We report a case of vertebral hydatid disease with secondary pleuro-pulmonary involvement successfully treated by emergency spinal decompression followed by lung resection en bloc with chest wall and partial vertebrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Solli
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Sugery, University, Parma, Italy
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45
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Abstract
MOTIVATION DNA structure plays an important role in a variety of biological processes. Different di- and tri-nucleotide scales have been proposed to capture various aspects of DNA structure including base stacking energy, propeller twist angle, protein deformability, bendability, and position preference. Yet, a general framework for the computational analysis and prediction of DNA structure is still lacking. Such a framework should in particular address the following issues: (1) construction of sequences with extremal properties; (2) quantitative evaluation of sequences with respect to a given genomic background; (3) automatic extraction of extremal sequences and profiles from genomic databases; (4) distribution and asymptotic behavior as the length N of the sequences increases; and (5) complete analysis of correlations between scales. RESULTS We develop a general framework for sequence analysis based on additive scales, structural or other, that addresses all these issues. We show how to construct extremal sequences and calibrate scores for automatic genomic and database extraction. We show that distributions rapidly converge to normality as Nincreases. Pairwise correlations between scales depend both on background distribution and sequence length and rapidly converge to an analytically predictable asymptotic value. For di- and tri-nucleotide scales, normal behavior and asymptotic correlation values are attained over a characteristic window length of about 10-15 bp. With a uniform background distribution, pairwise correlations between empirically-derived scales remain relatively small and roughly constant at all lengths, except for propeller twist and protein deformability which are positively correlated. There is a positive (resp. negative) correlation between dinucleotide base stacking (resp. propeller twist and protein deformability) and AT-content that increases in magnitude with length. The framework is applied to the analysis of various DNA tandem repeats. We derive exact expressions for counting the number of repeat unit classes at all lengths. Tandem repeats are likely to result from a variety of different mechanisms, a fraction of which is likely to depend on profiles characterized by extreme structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Department of Information and Computer Science, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3425, USA.
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46
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Baldi P, Marè C, Terzi V, Galiba G, Cattivelli L. The cold dependent accumulation of COR TMC-AP3 in cereals with contrasting, frost tolerance is regulated by different mRNA expression and protein turnover. Plant Sci 2000; 156:47-54. [PMID: 10908804 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of specific cold-regulated (COR) proteins is a component of the hardening process and different amount of COR proteins has been related to different degrees of cold tolerance. A number of different mechanisms controls the accumulation of the COR proteins in the plant cells. In this work we describe the mechanisms controlling the accumulation of the COR protein TMC-AP3, a putative chloroplastic amino acid selective channel protein [1] in barley, durum, wheat, emmer and bread wheat. Winter barley and, to less extent, winter bread wheat showed a higher cor tmc-ap3 expression at low temperature than the spring one while no significant differences were detected between the emmer and the durum. wheat genotypes. After 2 days of de-hardening the transcript level dropped down in the same way in all tested genotypes, nevertheless the decrease in protein content was genotype dependent. In all frost resistant genotypes the amount of COR TMC-AP3 after 9 days of de-hardening was higher compared with that of susceptible ones. These findings suggest that resistant and susceptible genotypes have different protein degradation rate and/or mRNA translational efficiency. Differences in the protein degradation rate were not dependent from the amino acidic sequence of the protein, being extremely similar in all tested genotypes. A genetic study based on Chinese spring/Cheyenne chromosome substitution lines showed that the turnover of TMC-AP3 is a polygenic trait controlled by a number of loci being the most important located on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 2D and 4D.
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Gallo K, Baldi P, De Micheli M, Ostrowsky DB, Assanto G. Cascading phase shift and multivalued response in counterpropagating frequency-nondegenerate parametric amplifiers. Opt Lett 2000; 25:966-968. [PMID: 18064242 DOI: 10.1364/ol.25.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a novel geometry for all-optical processing of low-power signals that is based on a frequency-nondegenerate counterpropagating parametric amplifier. The stationary response in the cascading regime exhibits multivalued solutions with enhanced nonlinear phase shifts. Implementation in a quasi-phase-matched LiNbO(3) waveguide is discussed.
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48
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Abstract
We provide a unified overview of methods that currently are widely used to assess the accuracy of prediction algorithms, from raw percentages, quadratic error measures and other distances, and correlation coefficients, and to information theoretic measures such as relative entropy and mutual information. We briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. For classification tasks, we derive new learning algorithms for the design of prediction systems by directly optimising the correlation coefficient. We observe and prove several results relating sensitivity and specificity of optimal systems. While the principles are general, we illustrate the applicability on specific problems such as protein secondary structure and signal peptide prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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49
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Abstract
MOTIVATION As the number of fully sequenced prokaryotic genomes continues to grow rapidly, computational methods for reliably detecting protein-coding regions become even more important. Audic and Claverie (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 10026-10031, have proposed a clustering algorithm for protein-coding regions in microbial genomes. The algorithm is based on three Markov models of order k associated with subsequences extracted from a given genome. The parameters of the three Markov models are recursively updated by the algorithm which, in simulations, always appear to converge to a unique stable partition of the genome. The partition corresponds to three kinds of regions: (1) coding on the direct strand, (2) coding on the complementary strand, (3) non-coding. RESULTS Here we provide an explanation for the convergence of the algorithm by observing that it is essentially a form of the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm applied to the corresponding mixture model. We also provide a partial justification for the uniqueness of the partition based on identifiability. Other possible variations and improvements are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Department of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3425, USA.
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50
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Abstract
MOTIVATION Predicting the secondary structure of a protein (alpha-helix, beta-sheet, coil) is an important step towards elucidating its three-dimensional structure, as well as its function. Presently, the best predictors are based on machine learning approaches, in particular neural network architectures with a fixed, and relatively short, input window of amino acids, centered at the prediction site. Although a fixed small window avoids overfitting problems, it does not permit capturing variable long-rang information. RESULTS We introduce a family of novel architectures which can learn to make predictions based on variable ranges of dependencies. These architectures extend recurrent neural networks, introducing non-causal bidirectional dynamics to capture both upstream and downstream information. The prediction algorithm is completed by the use of mixtures of estimators that leverage evolutionary information, expressed in terms of multiple alignments, both at the input and output levels. While our system currently achieves an overall performance close to 76% correct prediction--at least comparable to the best existing systems--the main emphasis here is on the development of new algorithmic ideas. AVAILABILITY The executable program for predicting protein secondary structure is available from the authors free of charge. CONTACT pfbaldi@ics.uci.edu, gpollast@ics.uci.edu, brunak@cbs.dtu.dk, paolo@dsi.unifi.it.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baldi
- Department of Information and Computer Science, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697-3425, USA
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