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Le Thanh T, Hufnagel B, Soriano A, Divol F, Brottier L, Casset C, Péret B, Doumas P, Marquès L. Dynamic Development of White Lupin Rootlets Along a Cluster Root. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:738172. [PMID: 34557216 PMCID: PMC8452988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
White lupin produces cluster roots in response to phosphorus deficiency. Along the cluster root, numerous short rootlets successively appear, creating a spatial and temporal gradient of developmental stages that constitutes a powerful biological model to study the dynamics of the structural and functional evolution of these organs. The present study proposes a fine histochemical, transcriptomic and functional analysis of the rootlet development from its emergence to its final length. Between these two stages, the tissue structures of the rootlets were observed, the course of transcript expressions for the genes differentially expressed was monitored and some physiological events linked to Pi nutrition were followed. A switch between (i) a growing phase, in which a normal apical meristem is present and (ii) a specialized phase for nutrition, in which the rootlet is completely differentiated, was highlighted. In the final stage of its determinate growth, the rootlet is an organ with a very active metabolism, especially for the solubilization and absorption of several nutrients. This work discusses how the transition between a growing to a determinate state in response to nutritional stresses is found in other species and underlines the fundamental dilemma of roots between soil exploration and soil exploitation.
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Hufnagel B, Marques A, Soriano A, Marquès L, Divol F, Doumas P, Sallet E, Mancinotti D, Carrere S, Marande W, Arribat S, Keller J, Huneau C, Blein T, Aimé D, Laguerre M, Taylor J, Schubert V, Nelson M, Geu-Flores F, Crespi M, Gallardo K, Delaux PM, Salse J, Bergès H, Guyot R, Gouzy J, Péret B. High-quality genome sequence of white lupin provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality. Nat Commun 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 31980615 PMCID: PMC6981116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an annual crop cultivated for its protein-rich seeds. It is adapted to poor soils due to the production of cluster roots, which are made of dozens of determinate lateral roots that drastically improve soil exploration and nutrient acquisition (mostly phosphate). Using long-read sequencing technologies, we provide a high-quality genome sequence of a cultivated accession of white lupin (2n = 50, 451 Mb), as well as de novo assemblies of a landrace and a wild relative. We describe a modern accession displaying increased soil exploration capacity through early establishment of lateral and cluster roots. We also show how seed quality may have been impacted by domestication in term of protein profiles and alkaloid content. The availability of a high-quality genome assembly together with companion genomic and transcriptomic resources will enable the development of modern breeding strategies to increase and stabilize white lupin yield. White lupin is an annual crop cultivated for protein rich seeds and can produce cluster roots for efficient phosphate acquisition. Here, the authors generate high quality genome assemblies of a cultivated accession, a landrace, and a wild relative and provides insight into soil exploration and seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Hufnagel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - André Marques
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,MPIPZ, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Laurence Marquès
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanchon Divol
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Doumas
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Erika Sallet
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Thomas Blein
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Malika Laguerre
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Romain Guyot
- IRD, Montpellier, France INRAE / 13 Department of Electronics and Automatization, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Jérôme Gouzy
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Benjamin Péret
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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Gallardo C, Hufnagel B, Casset C, Alcon C, Garcia F, Divol F, Marquès L, Doumas P, Péret B. Anatomical and hormonal description of rootlet primordium development along white lupin cluster root. Physiol Plant 2019; 165:4-16. [PMID: 29493786 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cluster root (CR) is one of the most spectacular plant developmental adaptations to hostile environment. It can be found in a few species from a dozen botanical families, including white lupin (Lupinus albus) in the Fabaceae family. These amazing structures are produced in phosphate-deprived conditions and are made of hundreds of short roots also known as rootlets. White lupin is the only crop bearing CRs and is considered as the model species for CR studies. However, little information is available on CRs atypical development, including the molecular events that trigger their formation. To provide insights on CR formation, we performed an anatomical and cellular description of rootlet development in white lupin. Starting with a classic histological approach, we described rootlet primordium development and defined eight developmental stages from rootlet initiation to their emergence. Due to the major role of hormones in the developmental program of root system, we next focussed on auxin-related mechanisms. We observed the establishment of an auxin maximum through rootlet development in transgenic roots expressing the DR5:GUS auxin reporter. Expression analysis of the main auxin-related genes [TIR, Auxin Response Factor (ARF) and AUX/IAA] during a detailed time course revealed specific expression associated with the formation of the rootlet primordium. We showed that L. albus TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1b is expressed during rootlet primordium formation and that L. albus AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5 is expressed in the vasculature but absent in the primordium itself. Altogether, our results describe the very early cellular events leading to CR formation and reveal some of the auxin-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Gallardo
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Bárbara Hufnagel
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Célia Casset
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Alcon
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Garcia
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanchon Divol
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Marquès
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Doumas
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Péret
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Cacas J, Pré M, Pizot M, Cissoko M, Diedhiou I, Jalloul A, Doumas P, Nicole M, Champion A. GhERF-IIb3 regulates the accumulation of jasmonate and leads to enhanced cotton resistance to blight disease. Mol Plant Pathol 2017; 18:825-836. [PMID: 27291786 PMCID: PMC6638235 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives, collectively referred to as jasmonates, regulate many developmental processes, but are also involved in the response to numerous abiotic/biotic stresses. Thus far, powerful reverse genetic strategies employing perception, signalling or biosynthesis mutants have broadly contributed to our understanding of the role of JA in the plant stress response and development, as has the chemical gain-of-function approach based on exogenous application of the hormone. However, there is currently no method that allows for tightly controlled JA production in planta. By investigating the control of the JA synthesis pathway in bacteria-infected cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants, we identified a transcription factor (TF), named GhERF-IIb3, which acts as a positive regulator of the JA pathway. Expression of this well-conserved TF in cotton leaves was sufficient to produce in situ JA accumulation at physiological concentrations associated with an enhanced cotton defence response to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Luc Cacas
- Institut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA‐AgroParisTech Centre INRA de Versailles‐GrignonRoute de St. Cyr78026Versailles CedexFrance
| | - Martial Pré
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Maxime Pizot
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Maimouna Cissoko
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM)Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386Dakar18524Senegal
| | - Issa Diedhiou
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM)Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386Dakar18524Senegal
| | - Aida Jalloul
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of DamascusDamascusBox 113Syria
| | - Patrick Doumas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des PlantesMontpellier34060France
| | - Michel Nicole
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
| | - Antony Champion
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unités Mixte de Recherche DIADE (DIversité Adaptation et DEveloppement des plantes) et IPME (Interactions Plantes‐Microorganismes‐Environnement)911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie (LCM)Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386Dakar18524Senegal
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Bouain N, Doumas P, Rouached H. Recent Advances in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the Root System Response to Phosphate Deficiency in Arabidopsis. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:308-4. [PMID: 27499680 PMCID: PMC4955032 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160331201812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is the major form of P taken up from the soil by plant roots. It is well established that under Pi deficiency condition, plant roots undergo striking morphological changes; mainly a reduction in primary root length while increase in lateral root length as well as root hair length and density. This typical phenotypic change reflects complex interactions with other nutrients such as iron, and involves the activity of a large spectrum of plant hormones. Although, several key proteins involved in the regulation of root growth under Pi-deficiency have been identified in Arabidopsis, how plants adapt roots system architecture in response to Pi availability remains an open question. In the current post-genomic era, state of the art technologies like high-throughput phenotyping and sequencing platforms,"omics" methods, together with the widespread use of system biology and genome-wide association studies will help to elucidate the genetic architectures of root growth on different Pi regimes. It is clear that the large-scale characterization of molecular systems will improve our understanding of nutrient stress phenotype and biology. Herein, we summarize the recent advances and future directions towards a better understanding of Arabidopsis root developmental programs functional under Pi deficiency. Such a progress is necessary to devise strategies to improve the Pi use efficiency in plants that is an important issue for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouain
- INRA, UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Campus INRA/SupAgro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2,France
| | - Patrick Doumas
- INRA, UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Campus INRA/SupAgro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2,France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- INRA, UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Campus INRA/SupAgro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2,France
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Auguy F, Fahr M, Moulin P, El Mzibri M, Smouni A, Filali-Maltouf A, Béna G, Doumas P. Transcriptome Changes in Hirschfeldia incana in Response to Lead Exposure. Front Plant Sci 2016; 6:1231. [PMID: 26793211 PMCID: PMC4710698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hirschfeldia incana, a pseudometallophyte belonging to the Brassicaceae family and widespread in the Mediterranean region, was selected for its ability to grow on soils contaminated by lead (Pb). The global comparison of gene expression using microarrays between a plant susceptible to Pb (Arabidopsis thaliana) and a Pb tolerant plant (H. incana) enabled the identification of a set of specific genes expressed in response to lead exposure. Three groups of genes were particularly over-represented by the Pb exposure in the biological processes categorized as photosynthesis, cell wall, and metal handling. Each of these gene groups was shown to be directly involved in tolerance or in protection mechanisms to the phytotoxicity associated with Pb. Among these genes, we demonstrated that MT2b, a metallothionein gene, was involved in lead accumulation, confirming the important role of metallothioneins in the accumulation and the distribution of Pb in leaves. On the other hand, several genes involved in biosynthesis of ABA were shown to be up-regulated in the roots and shoots of H. incana treated with Pb, suggesting that ABA-mediated signaling is a possible mechanism in response to Pb treatment in H. incana. This latest finding is an important research direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Auguy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR DIADE, Equipe RhizogenèseMontpellier, France
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UBRM-DSVRabat, Morocco
| | - Patricia Moulin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-RabatRabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Mzibri
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UBRM-DSVRabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-RabatRabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-RabatRabat, Morocco
| | - Gilles Béna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR IPME, Equipe ABIPMontpellier, France
| | - Patrick Doumas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des PlantesMontpellier, France
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Saenchai C, Bouain N, Kisko M, Prom-u-thai C, Doumas P, Rouached H. The Involvement of OsPHO1;1 in the Regulation of Iron Transport Through Integration of Phosphate and Zinc Deficiency Signaling. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:396. [PMID: 27092147 PMCID: PMC4821852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants survival depends on their ability to cope with multiple nutrient stresses that often occur simultaneously, such as the limited availability of essential elements inorganic phosphate (Pi), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe). Previous research has provided information on the genes involved in efforts by plants to maintain homeostasis when a single nutrient (Pi, Zn, or Fe) is depleted. Recent findings on nutritional stress suggest that plant growth capacity is influenced by a complex tripartite interaction between Pi, Zn, and Fe homeostasis. However, despite its importance, how plants integrate multiple nutritional stimuli into complex developmental programs, and which genes are involved in this tripartite (Pi ZnFe) interaction is still not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the physiological and molecular responses of rice (Oriza sativa L.) to a combination of Pi, Zn, and/or Fe deficiency stress conditions. Results showed that Fe deficiency had the most drastic single-nutrient effect on biomass, while the Zn deficiency-effect depended on the presence of Pi in the medium. Interestingly, the observed negative effect of Fe starvation was alleviated by concomitant Pi or PiZn depletion. Members of the OsPHO1 family showed a differential transcriptional regulation in response PiZnFe combinatory stress conditions. Particularly, the transcripts of the OsPHO1;1 sense and its natural antisense cis-NatPHO1;1 showed the highest accumulation under PiZn deficiency. In this condition, the Ospho1;1 mutants showed over-accumulation of Fe in roots compared to wild type plants. These data reveal coordination between pathways involved in Fe transport and PiZn signaling in rice which involves the OsPHO1; 1, and support the hypothesis of a genetic basis for Pi, Zn, and Fe signaling interactions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorpet Saenchai
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes Research Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Montpellier UniversityMontpellier, France
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nadia Bouain
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes Research Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Montpellier UniversityMontpellier, France
| | - Mushtak Kisko
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes Research Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Montpellier UniversityMontpellier, France
| | - Chanakan Prom-u-thai
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patrick Doumas
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes Research Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Montpellier UniversityMontpellier, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes Research Unit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique – Montpellier UniversityMontpellier, France
- Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Hatem Rouached,
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Auguy F, Fahr M, Moulin P, Brugel A, Laplaze L, Mzibri ME, Filali-Maltouf A, Doumas P, Smouni A. Lead tolerance and accumulation in Hirschfeldia incana, a Mediterranean Brassicaceae from metalliferous mine spoils. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61932. [PMID: 23667449 PMCID: PMC3646990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead is a heavy metal of particular concern with respect to environmental quality and health. The lack of plant species that accumulate and tolerate Pb is a limiting factor to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in Pb tolerance. In this study we identified Hirschfeldia incana, a Brassicaceae collected from metalliferous mine spoils in Morocco, as a Pb accumulator plant. H. incana exhibited high Pb accumulation in mine soils and in hydroponic cultures. Major Pb accumulation occurred in the roots and a part of Pb translocated from the roots to the shoots, even to the siliques. These findings demonstrated that H. incana is a Pb accumulator species. The expression of several candidate genes after Pb-exposure was measured by quantitative PCR and two of them, HiHMA4 and HiMT2a, coding respectively for a P1B-type ATPase and a metallothionein, were particularly induced by Pb-exposure in both roots and leaves. The functional characterization of HiHMA4 and HiMT2a was achieved using Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutants. Pb content and primary root growth analysis confirmed the role of these two genes in Pb tolerance and accumulation. H. incana could be considered as a good experimental model to identify genes involved in lead tolerance and accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Auguy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Montpellier, France
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Patricia Moulin
- Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité de Service Instrumentation, Moyens Analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Anaïs Brugel
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire mixte international Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mohamed El Mzibri
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Patrick Doumas
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, Montpellier, France
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire Mixte International, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, Rabat, Maroc
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Mohammed V - Agdal, Rabat, Maroc
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Boeke A, Doumas P, Reeves L, McClurg K, Bischof D, Sego L, Auberry A, Tatikonda M, Cornetta K. Vector production in an academic environment: a tool to assess production costs. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 24:49-57. [PMID: 23360377 PMCID: PMC4015083 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating gene and cell therapy products under good manufacturing practices is a complex process. When determining the cost of these products, researchers must consider the large number of supplies used for manufacturing and the personnel and facility costs to generate vector and maintain a cleanroom facility. To facilitate cost estimates, the Indiana University Vector Production Facility teamed with the Indiana University Kelley School of Business to develop a costing tool that, in turn, provides pricing. The tool is designed in Microsoft Excel and is customizable to meet the needs of other core facilities. It is available from the National Gene Vector Biorepository. The tool allows cost determinations using three different costing methods and was developed in an effort to meet the A21 circular requirements for U.S. core facilities performing work for federally funded projects. The costing tool analysis reveals that the cost of vector production does not have a linear relationship with batch size. For example, increasing the production from 9 to18 liters of a retroviral vector product increases total costs a modest 1.2-fold rather than doubling in total cost. The analysis discussed in this article will help core facilities and investigators plan a cost-effective strategy for gene and cell therapy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Boeke
- Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Patrick Doumas
- Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Lilith Reeves
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Kyle McClurg
- Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Daniela Bischof
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Lina Sego
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Alisha Auberry
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Mohan Tatikonda
- Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Kenneth Cornetta
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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10
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Auguy F, Abdel-Lateif K, Doumas P, Badin P, Guerin V, Bogusz D, Hocher V. Activation of the isoflavonoid pathway in actinorhizal symbioses. Funct Plant Biol 2011; 38:690-696. [PMID: 32480924 DOI: 10.1071/fp11014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of flavonoids in the actinorhizal nodulation process resulting from the interaction between the tropical tree Casuarina glauca Sieb. ex Spreng. and the actinomycete Frankia. Eight C. glauca genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis: chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), isoflavone reductase (IFR), flavonoid-3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), flavonoid 3',5' hydroxylase (F3'5'H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and flavonol synthase (FLS), were identified from a unigene database and gene expression patterns were monitored by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) during the nodulation time course. Results showed that FLS and F3'5'H transcripts accumulated in mature nodules whereas CHI and IFR transcripts accumulated preferentially early after inoculation with Frankia. Comparison of IFR and CHI expression in inoculated plants and in control plants cultivated with or without nitrogen confirmed that early expression of IFR is specifically linked to symbiosis. Taken together, these data suggest for the first time that isoflavonoids are implicated in actinorhizal nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Auguy
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD, UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34 394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Khalid Abdel-Lateif
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD, UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34 394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Patrick Doumas
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD, UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34 394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pablo Badin
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD, UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34 394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Vanessa Guerin
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD, UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34 394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD, UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34 394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Valérie Hocher
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, UMR DIADE (IRD, UM2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP64501, 34 394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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11
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Hocher V, Alloisio N, Auguy F, Fournier P, Doumas P, Pujic P, Gherbi H, Queiroux C, Da Silva C, Wincker P, Normand P, Bogusz D. Transcriptomics of actinorhizal symbioses reveals homologs of the whole common symbiotic signaling cascade. Plant Physiol 2011; 156:700-11. [PMID: 21464474 PMCID: PMC3177269 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.174151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Comparative transcriptomics of two actinorhizal symbiotic plants, Casuarina glauca and Alnus glutinosa, was used to gain insight into their symbiotic programs triggered following contact with the nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium Frankia. Approximately 14,000 unigenes were recovered in roots and 3-week-old nodules of each of the two species. A transcriptomic array was designed to monitor changes in expression levels between roots and nodules, enabling the identification of up- and down-regulated genes as well as root- and nodule-specific genes. The expression levels of several genes emblematic of symbiosis were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As expected, several genes related to carbon and nitrogen exchange, defense against pathogens, or stress resistance were strongly regulated. Furthermore, homolog genes of the common and nodule-specific signaling pathways known in legumes were identified in the two actinorhizal symbiotic plants. The conservation of the host plant signaling pathway is all the more surprising in light of the lack of canonical nod genes in the genomes of its bacterial symbiont, Frankia. The evolutionary pattern emerging from these studies reinforces the hypothesis of a common genetic ancestor of the Fabid (Eurosid I) nodulating clade with a genetic predisposition for nodulation.
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12
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Sutka M, Li G, Boudet J, Boursiac Y, Doumas P, Maurel C. Natural variation of root hydraulics in Arabidopsis grown in normal and salt-stressed conditions. Plant Physiol 2011; 155:1264-76. [PMID: 21212301 PMCID: PMC3046584 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.163113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the natural variation of root hydraulics and its molecular components, genotypic differences related to root water transport and plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporin expression were investigated in 13 natural accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The hydraulic conductivity of excised root systems (Lpr) showed a 2-fold variation among accessions. The contribution of aquaporins to water uptake was characterized using as inhibitors mercury, propionic acid, and azide. The aquaporin-dependent and -independent paths of water transport made variable contributions to the total hydraulic conductivity in the different accessions. The distinct suberization patterns observed among accessions were not correlated with their root hydraulic properties. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed, by contrast, a positive overall correlation between Lpr and certain highly expressed PIP transcripts. Root hydraulic responses to salt stress were characterized in a subset of five accessions (Bulhary-1, Catania-1, Columbia-0, Dijon-M, and Monte-Tosso-0 [Mr-0]). Lpr was down-regulated in all accessions except Mr-0. In Mr-0 and Catania-1, cortical cell hydraulic conductivity was unresponsive to salt, whereas it was down-regulated in the three other accessions. By contrast, the five accessions showed qualitatively similar aquaporin transcriptional profiles in response to salt. The overall work provides clues on how hydraulic regulation allows plant adaptation to salt stress. It also shows that a wide range of root hydraulic profiles, as previously reported in various species, can be observed in a single model species. This work paves the way for a quantitative genetics analysis of root hydraulics.
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13
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Perrine-Walker F, Doumas P, Lucas M, Vaissayre V, Beauchemin NJ, Band LR, Chopard J, Crabos A, Conejero G, Péret B, King JR, Verdeil JL, Hocher V, Franche C, Bennett MJ, Tisa LS, Laplaze L. Auxin carriers localization drives auxin accumulation in plant cells infected by Frankia in Casuarina glauca actinorhizal nodules. Plant Physiol 2010; 154:1372-80. [PMID: 20826704 PMCID: PMC2971613 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.163394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Actinorhizal symbioses are mutualistic interactions between plants and the soil bacteria Frankia that lead to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Little is known about the signaling mechanisms controlling the different steps of the establishment of the symbiosis. The plant hormone auxin has been suggested to play a role. Here we report that auxin accumulates within Frankia-infected cells in actinorhizal nodules of Casuarina glauca. Using a combination of computational modeling and experimental approaches, we establish that this localized auxin accumulation is driven by the cell-specific expression of auxin transporters and by Frankia auxin biosynthesis in planta. Our results indicate that the plant actively restricts auxin accumulation to Frankia-infected cells during the symbiotic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Laplaze
- UMR DIAPC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France (F.P.-W., P.D., V.V., A.C., B.P., V.H., C.F., L.L.); Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom (M.L., L.R.B., B.P., J.R.K., M.J.B.); Department of Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824–2617 (N.J.B., L.S.T.); UMR DAP, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, 34392 Montpellier cedex 5, France (J.C.); and Plate-forme d’Histocytologie et d’Imagerie cellulaire Végétale, Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, 34392 Montpellier cedex 5, France (G.C., J.-L.V.)
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14
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Svistoonoff S, Gherbi H, Nambiar-Veetil M, Zhong C, Michalak Z, Laplaze L, Vaissayre V, Auguy F, Hocher V, Doumas P, Bonneau J, Bogusz D, Franche C. Contribution of transgenic Casuarinaceae to our knowledge of the actinorhizal symbioses. Symbiosis 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-009-0036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Camacho-Cristóbal JJ, Rexach J, Conéjéro G, Al-Ghazi Y, Nacry P, Doumas P. PRD, an Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA-like gene, is involved in root architectural changes in response to phosphate starvation. Planta 2008; 228:511-22. [PMID: 18506479 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in root architecture are one of the adaptive strategies used by plants to compensate for local phosphate (Pi) deficiency in soils. Root architecture variables triggered by Pi availability are well documented in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but the molecular mechanisms behind these adaptive responses remain to be elucidated. By the use of transcriptomic and quantitative RT-PCR analysis, we observed that an AINTEGUMENTA-like gene, named PRD for Phosphate Root Development, was rapidly repressed in roots under low Pi conditions. The physiological function of the PRD gene was analyzed through the null allele mutant prd, which displayed less development of primary and lateral roots under Pi-starvation conditions than wild-type plants. Complementation of the prd mutant with the wild-type gene led to a similar response to Pi starvation as wild-type plants, indicating the complete rescue of the mutant phenotype. These results suggest that PRD gene is involved in the regulation of root architectural responses to Pi starvation by controlling primary and lateral root elongation. This model is in agreement with the tissue-specific pattern of PRD gene expression, which was observed to occur specifically in the apex in both the primary and lateral roots. However, Pi influx, anionic profiles and root expression of genes typically induced by Pi starvation, such as high affinity Pi transporters (PHT1;1 and PHT1;4) and an acid phosphatase (AtACP5), were similar in wild type and prd plants in response to Pi starvation. These results support the hypothesis that the PRD gene is not a checkpoint for Pi-starvation responses, but acts specifically as a regulator of root architectural responses to Pi starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Camacho-Cristóbal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Péret B, Svistoonoff S, Lahouze B, Auguy F, Santi C, Doumas P, Laplaze L. A Role for auxin during actinorhizal symbioses formation? Plant Signal Behav 2008; 3:34-5. [PMID: 19704764 PMCID: PMC2633954 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.1.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction between the soil bacteria Frankia and actinorhizal plants leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules resembling modified lateral roots. Little is known about the signals exchanged between the two partners during the establishment of these endosymbioses. However, a role for plant hormones has been suggested.Recently, we studied the role of auxin influx activity during actinorhizal symbioses. An inhibitor of auxin influx was shown to perturb nodule formation. Moreover we identified a functional auxin influx carrier that is produced specifically in Frankia-infected cells. These results together with previous data showing auxin production by Frankia lead us to propose a model of auxin action during the symbiotic infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Péret
- Institut de Recheche pour le Développement; UMR DIA-PC (SupAgro.M/INRA/IRD/UM2); équipe rhizogenèse; Montpellier, France
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17
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Laplaze L, Benkova E, Casimiro I, Maes L, Vanneste S, Swarup R, Weijers D, Calvo V, Parizot B, Herrera-Rodriguez MB, Offringa R, Graham N, Doumas P, Friml J, Bogusz D, Beeckman T, Bennett M. Cytokinins act directly on lateral root founder cells to inhibit root initiation. Plant Cell 2007; 19:3889-900. [PMID: 18065686 PMCID: PMC2217640 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.055863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, lateral roots are formed from root pericycle cells adjacent to the xylem poles. Lateral root development is regulated antagonistically by the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin. While a great deal is known about how auxin promotes lateral root development, the mechanism of cytokinin repression is still unclear. Elevating cytokinin levels was observed to disrupt lateral root initiation and the regular pattern of divisions that characterizes lateral root development in Arabidopsis. To identify the stage of lateral root development that is sensitive to cytokinins, we targeted the expression of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens cytokinin biosynthesis enzyme isopentenyltransferase to either xylem-pole pericycle cells or young lateral root primordia using GAL4-GFP enhancer trap lines. Transactivation experiments revealed that xylem-pole pericycle cells are sensitive to cytokinins, whereas young lateral root primordia are not. This effect is physiologically significant because transactivation of the Arabidopsis cytokinin degrading enzyme cytokinin oxidase 1 in lateral root founder cells results in increased lateral root formation. We observed that cytokinins perturb the expression of PIN genes in lateral root founder cells and prevent the formation of an auxin gradient that is required to pattern lateral root primordia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Laplaze
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Plantes Cultivées, Agro.M, Université Montpellier 2, Equipe Rhizogenèse, France.
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18
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Misson J, Raghothama KG, Jain A, Jouhet J, Block MA, Bligny R, Ortet P, Creff A, Somerville S, Rolland N, Doumas P, Nacry P, Herrerra-Estrella L, Nussaume L, Thibaud MC. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis using Arabidopsis thaliana Affymetrix gene chips determined plant responses to phosphate deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11934-9. [PMID: 16085708 PMCID: PMC1188001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0505266102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus, one of the essential elements for plants, is often a limiting nutrient because of its low availability and mobility in soils. Significant changes in plant morphology and biochemical processes are associated with phosphate (Pi) deficiency. However, the molecular bases of these responses to Pi deficiency are not thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, a comprehensive survey of global gene expression in response to Pi deprivation was done by using Arabidopsis thaliana whole genome Affymetrix gene chip (ATH1) to quantify the spatio-temporal variations in transcript abundance of 22,810 genes. The analysis revealed a coordinated induction and suppression of 612 and 254 Pi-responsive genes, respectively. The functional classification of some of these genes indicated their involvement in various metabolic pathways, ion transport, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and other processes related to growth and development. This study is a detailed analysis of Pi starvation-induced changes in gene expression of the entire genome of Arabidopsis correlated with biochemical processes. The results not only enhance our knowledge about molecular processes associated with Pi deficiency, but also facilitate the identification of key molecular determinants for improving Pi use by crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Misson
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Unite Mixte de Recherche 6191, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Aix-Marseille II, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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19
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Nacry P, Canivenc G, Muller B, Azmi A, Van Onckelen H, Rossignol M, Doumas P. A role for auxin redistribution in the responses of the root system architecture to phosphate starvation in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2005; 138:2061-74. [PMID: 16040660 PMCID: PMC1183395 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The changes in root system architecture (RSA) triggered by phosphate (P) deprivation were studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants grown for 14 d on 1 mM or 3 microM P. Two different temporal phases were observed in the response of RSA to low P. First, lateral root (LR) development was promoted between days 7 and 11 after germination, but, after day 11, all root growth parameters were negatively affected, leading to a general reduction of primary root (PR) and LR lengths and of LR density. Low P availability had contrasting effects on various stages of LR development, with a marked inhibition of primordia initiation but a strong stimulation of activation of the initiated primordia. The involvement of auxin signaling in these morphological changes was investigated in wild-type plants treated with indole-3-acetic acid or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and in axr4-1, aux1-7, and eir1-1 mutants. Most effects of low P on RSA were dramatically modified in the mutants or hormone-treated wild-type plants. This shows that auxin plays a major role in the P starvation-induced changes of root development. From these data, we hypothesize that several aspects of the RSA response to low P are triggered by local modifications of auxin concentration. A model is proposed that postulates that P starvation results in (1) an overaccumulation of auxin in the apex of the PR and in young LRs, (2) an overaccumulation of auxin or a change in sensitivity to auxin in the lateral primordia, and (3) a decrease in auxin concentration in the lateral primordia initiation zone of the PR and in old laterals. Measurements of local changes in auxin concentrations induced by low P, either by direct quantification or by biosensor expression pattern (DR5::beta-glucuronidase reporter gene), are in line with these hypotheses. Furthermore, the observation that low P availability mimicked the action of auxin in promoting LR development in the alf3 mutant confirmed that P starvation stimulates primordia emergence through increased accumulation of auxin or change in sensitivity to auxin in the primordia. Both the strong effect of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and the phenotype of the auxin-transport mutants (aux1, eir1) suggest that low P availability modifies local auxin concentrations within the root system through changes in auxin transport rather than auxin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nacry
- Laboratoire de Biochimie and Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Montpellier 2, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
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20
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Fizames C, Muños S, Cazettes C, Nacry P, Boucherez J, Gaymard F, Piquemal D, Delorme V, Commes T, Doumas P, Cooke R, Marti J, Sentenac H, Gojon A. The Arabidopsis root transcriptome by serial analysis of gene expression. Gene identification using the genome sequence. Plant Physiol 2004; 134:67-80. [PMID: 14730065 PMCID: PMC316288 DOI: 10.1104/pp.103.030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2003] [Revised: 09/07/2003] [Accepted: 10/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale identification of genes expressed in roots of the model plant Arabidopsis was performed by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), on a total of 144,083 sequenced tags, representing at least 15,964 different mRNAs. For tag to gene assignment, we developed a computational approach based on 26,620 genes annotated from the complete sequence of the genome. The procedure selected warrants the identification of the genes corresponding to the majority of the tags found experimentally, with a high level of reliability, and provides a reference database for SAGE studies in Arabidopsis. This new resource allowed us to characterize the expression of more than 3,000 genes, for which there is no expressed sequence tag (EST) or cDNA in the databases. Moreover, 85% of the tags were specific for one gene. To illustrate this advantage of SAGE for functional genomics, we show that our data allow an unambiguous analysis of most of the individual genes belonging to 12 different ion transporter multigene families. These results indicate that, compared with EST-based tag to gene assignment, the use of the annotated genome sequence greatly improves gene identification in SAGE studies. However, more than 6,000 different tags remained with no gene match, suggesting that a significant proportion of transcripts present in the roots originate from yet unknown or wrongly annotated genes. The root transcriptome characterized in this study markedly differs from those obtained in other organs, and provides a unique resource for investigating the functional specificities of the root system. As an example of the use of SAGE for transcript profiling in Arabidopsis, we report here the identification of 270 genes differentially expressed between roots of plants grown either with NO3- or NH4NO3 as N source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Fizames
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Agro-M/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier 1, France
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21
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Abstract
An extensive proteomic approach relies on the possibility to visualize and analyze various types of proteins, including hydrophobic proteins which are rarely detectable on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. In this study, two methods were employed for the purification of hydrophobic proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf plasma membrane (PM) model plants, prior to analysis on 2-DE immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels. Solubilization efficiency of two detergents, (3-[(3-cholomidopropyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS) and C8phi, were tested for the recovery of hydrophobic proteins. An immunological approach was used to determine the efficiency of the above methods. Fractionation of proteins by Triton X-114 combined with solubilization with CHAPS resulted in the inability to detect hydrophobic proteins on 2-DE gels. The use of C8phi for protein solubilization did not improve this result. On the contrary, after treatment of membranes with alkaline buffer, the solubilization of PM proteins with detergent C8phi permitted the recovery of such proteins on 2-DE gels. The combination of membrane washing and the use of zwitterionic detergent resulted in the resolution of several integral proteins and the disappearance of peripheral proteins. In the resolution of expressed genome proteins, both large pH gradients in the first dimension and various acrylamide concentrations in the second dimension must be used. Notwithstanding, it is important to combine various sample treatments and different detergents in order to resolve soluble and hydrophobic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/ENSA-M/CNRS URA 2133, Montpellier, France.
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22
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Abstract
After a brief review of the strategies used to date to identify systematically plasma membrane (PM) proteins, emphasis was given to the proteomic approach of PM proteins from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Comparative analysis of two-dimensional gels from PM and cytosolic fractions was used to assess the cellular origin of proteins found in PM fraction. The classification obtained was confirmed by protein sequencing that showed, in addition, that most analyzed proteins were peripheral proteins. A large proportion of these appeared to correspond to PM-constitutive proteins that were present in the PM from different plant organs, but were not uniquely located at the PM depending on the organ. In addition, the presence of organ-specific sets of PM-specific proteins was also demonstrated. Additional procedures were developed to identify integral PM proteins. The combined use of PM washes with alkaline carbonate buffer or Triton X-100/KBr, and of a new detergent to solubilize protein, resulted in improved recovery of hydrophobic proteins on gels. Results are discussed in terms of construction of comprehensive proteomes for PM and other membranes and organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Inra/ENSA-M/CNRS URA 2133, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
An extensive proteomic approach relies on the possibility to visualize and analyze various types of proteins, including hydrophobic proteins which are rarely detectable on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. In this study, two methods were employed for the purification of hydrophobic proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf plasma membrane (PM) model plants, prior to analysis on 2-DE immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels. Solubilization efficiency of two detergents, (3-[(3-cholomidopropyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS) and C8phi, were tested for the recovery of hydrophobic proteins. An immunological approach was used to determine the efficiency of the above methods. Fractionation of proteins by Triton X-114 combined with solubilization with CHAPS resulted in the inability to detect hydrophobic proteins on 2-DE gels. The use of C8phi for protein solubilization did not improve this result. On the contrary, after treatment of membranes with alkaline buffer, the solubilization of PM proteins with detergent C8phi permitted the recovery of such proteins on 2-DE gels. The combination of membrane washing and the use of zwitterionic detergent resulted in the resolution of several integral proteins and the disappearance of peripheral proteins. In the resolution of expressed genome proteins, both large pH gradients in the first dimension and various acrylamide concentrations in the second dimension must be used. Notwithstanding, it is important to combine various sample treatments and different detergents in order to resolve soluble and hydrophobic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/ENSA-M/CNRS URA 2133, Montpellier, France.
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24
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Abstract
An extensive proteomic approach relies on the possibility to visualize and analyze various types of proteins, including hydrophobic proteins which are rarely detectable on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. In this study, two methods were employed for the purification of hydrophobic proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf plasma membrane (PM) model plants, prior to analysis on 2-DE immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels. Solubilization efficiency of two detergents, (3-[(3-cholomidopropyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS) and C8phi, were tested for the recovery of hydrophobic proteins. An immunological approach was used to determine the efficiency of the above methods. Fractionation of proteins by Triton X-114 combined with solubilization with CHAPS resulted in the inability to detect hydrophobic proteins on 2-DE gels. The use of C8phi for protein solubilization did not improve this result. On the contrary, after treatment of membranes with alkaline buffer, the solubilization of PM proteins with detergent C8phi permitted the recovery of such proteins on 2-DE gels. The combination of membrane washing and the use of zwitterionic detergent resulted in the resolution of several integral proteins and the disappearance of peripheral proteins. In the resolution of expressed genome proteins, both large pH gradients in the first dimension and various acrylamide concentrations in the second dimension must be used. Notwithstanding, it is important to combine various sample treatments and different detergents in order to resolve soluble and hydrophobic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/ENSA-M/CNRS URA 2133, Montpellier, France.
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25
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Szponarski W, Guibal O, Espuna M, Doumas P, Rossignol M, Gibrat R. Reconstitution of an electrogenic auxin transport activity mediated by Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane proteins. FEBS Lett 1999; 446:153-6. [PMID: 10100633 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were reconstituted into proteoliposomes and a K+ diffusion potential was generated. The resulting ionic fluxes, determined in the presence of the plant hormone auxin (indole-3 acetic acid), showed an additional electrogenic and saturable component, with a K(M) of 6 microM. This flux was neither detected in liposomes in the presence of indole-3 acetic acid, nor in proteoliposomes in the presence of an inactive auxin analog and was completely inhibited by 3 microM naphtylphthalamic acid, a specific inhibitor of the auxin efflux carrier. The efficiency of the reconstituted carrier and the mechanism of its regulation by naphtylphthalamic acid are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Szponarski
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/ENSA-M/CNRS URA 2133, Montpellier, France.
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26
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Santoni V, Rouquié D, Doumas P, Mansion M, Boutry M, Degand H, Dupree P, Packman L, Sherrier J, Prime T, Bauw G, Posada E, Rouzé P, Dehais P, Sahnoun I, Barlier I, Rossignol M. Use of a proteome strategy for tagging proteins present at the plasma membrane. Plant J 1998; 16:633-41. [PMID: 10036779 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A plasma membrane (PM) fraction was purified from Arabidopsis thaliana using a standard procedure and analyzed by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. The proteins were classified according to their relative abundance in PM or cell membrane supernatant fractions. Eighty-two of the 700 spots detected on the PM 2D gels were microsequenced. More than half showed sequence similarity to proteins of known function. Of these, all the spots in the PM-specific and PM-enriched fractions, together with half of the spots with similar abundance in PM fraction and supernatant, have previously been found at the PM, supporting the validity of this approach. Extrapolation from this analysis indicates that (i) approximately 550 polypeptides found at the PM could be resolved on 2D gels; (ii) that numerous proteins with multiple locations are found at the PM; and (iii) that approximately 80% of PM-specific spots correspond to proteins with unknown function. Among the later, half are represented by ESTs or cDNAs in databases. In this way, several unknown gene products were potentially localized to the PM. These data are discussed with respect to the efficiency of organelle proteome approaches to link systematically genomic data to genome expression. It is concluded that generalized proteomes can constitute a powerful resource, with future completion of Arabidopsis genome sequencing, for genome-wide exploration of plant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/ENSA-M/CNRS URA 2133, Montpellier, France
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27
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Rouquié D, Tournaire-Roux C, Szponarski W, Rossignol M, Doumas P. Cloning of the V-ATPase subunit G in plant: functional expression and sub-cellular localization. FEBS Lett 1998; 437:287-92. [PMID: 9824309 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A 13-kDa tobacco plasma membrane protein was isolated from two-dimensional electrophoresis gels. After microsequencing, RT-PCR techniques and cDNA library screening allowed for the cloning of two cDNAs. These cDNAs encoded for the subunit G of the vacuolar H+-ATPase, the first one identified in plants. Analysis of mRNA distribution showed a maximum level in the leaves and in the stem of the apical part of the tobacco plant. Heterologous functional complementation of the yeast mutant (deltavma10::URA3) was achieved with the two cDNAs. After fractionation of microsomal membranes on linear sucrose gradient, Western blots were performed using antibodies against recombinant protein and three peaks were identified: one which comigrated with the tonoplast marker and the others at slightly higher density corresponding to endoplasmic reticulum and to plasma membrane fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rouquié
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, INRA/ENSA-M/CNRS URA 2133, Montpellier, France
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28
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El Euch C, Jay-Allemand C, Pastuglia M, Doumas P, Charpentier JP, Capelli P, Jouanin L. Expression of antisense chalcone synthase RNA in transgenic hybrid walnut microcuttings. Effect on flavonoid content and rooting ability. Plant Mol Biol 1998; 38:467-479. [PMID: 9747854 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006034709501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Walnut somatic embryos (Juglans nigra x Juglans regia) were transformed with a vector containing a neomycin phosphotransferase II, a beta-glucuronidase and an antisense chalcone synthase (chs) gene. This antisense construct included a 400 bp cDNA fragment of a walnut chs gene under the control of the duplicated CaMV-35S promoter. Molecular, biochemical and biological characterizations were performed both on transformed embryos propagated by secondary somatic embryogenesis and on microshoots developed by in vitro culture of embryonic epicotyls from somatic embryos. Thirteen transformed lines with the vector containing the antisense chs gene, one line with only the gus and nptII genes and one untransformed line were maintained in tissue culture. Six of the antisense lines were shown to be flavonoid-deficient. They exhibited a strongly reduced expression of chs genes, very low chalcone synthase activity and no detectable amounts of quercitrin, myricitrin, flavane-3-ols and proanthocyanidins in stems. Rooting tests showed that decreased flavonoid content in stems of antisense chs transformed lines was associated with enhanced adventitious root formation. Free auxin and conjugated auxin contents were determined during the latter phase of the micropropagation, and no variations were detected between control and antisense chs transformed lines. The in vitro plants developed a large basal callus and apical necrosis upon auxinic induction and the transformed lines highly deficient in flavonoids were more sensitive to exogenous application of indolebutyric acid (IBA).
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Affiliation(s)
- C El Euch
- Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire, INRA, Versailles, France
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29
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Rouquié D, Peltier JB, Marquis-Mansion M, Tournaire C, Doumas P, Rossignol M. Construction of a directory of tobacco plasma membrane proteins by combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and protein sequencing. Electrophoresis 1997; 18:654-60. [PMID: 9150956 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150180352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The polypeptide pattern of the plasma membrane from tobacco was studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. When using classical carrier ampholyte isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF/SDS-PAGE) approximately 400 polypeptide spots were detected after silver staining and computer analysis using the QUEST software. This resolution was sufficient to assess physiological effects such as changes in a phytohormone concentration. By using pH 4-8 immobilized pH gradient (IPG)-IEF and 10%T SDS-PAGE gels, approximately 600 polypeptides, corresponding to ca. 80% of the total population expected, were resolved. This cross-section of the plasma membrane polypeptide population was mainly constituted by low or intermediate molecular mass (25 to 45 kDa) and acidic (5.2 < pI < 6.1) polypeptides. After sample application by in-gel rehydration, large amounts of plasma membrane protein (between 5 mg and 10 mg protein) were analyzed using IPG-IEF, and N-terminal protein sequencing was performed for polypeptides collected from one gel. Internal protein sequences were also obtained. Nearly all protein sequences corresponded to unidentified proteins but several of them matched translated sequences from unidentified plant expressed sequence tags (ESTs). It is concluded that the combined use of IPG-IEF gels and in-gel rehydration allows, in the case of plant membrane protein, both analytical and micropreparative separations with an efficiency comparable to that demonstrated for soluble proteins. Finally, it is suggested that a systematic investigation of plant plasma membrane polypeptides is feasible and would constitute a source of new and plant-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rouquié
- INRA/ENSAM/CNRS URA 2133, Montpellier, France
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30
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Gutmann M, Charpentier JP, Doumas P, Jay-Allemand C. Histological investigation of walnut cotyledon fragments for a better understanding of in vitro adventitious root initiation. Plant Cell Rep 1996; 15:345-349. [PMID: 24178355 DOI: 10.1007/bf00232369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/1995] [Revised: 06/30/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid formation of adventitious roots by walnut cotyledon fragments in vitro was traced by light microscopy. It was shown that this plant model is characterized by two major developmental processes: a) confined elongation of the cotyledon petiole caused by a limited number of cell divisions and b) formation of a morphogenetic zone around each initially wounded vascular bundle within 36 h after detachment of the embryonic axis. During the first phase of development, granular storage protein bodies dissolved, and starch grains were deposited mainly in the distal portion of the cotyledon fragments. Rapidly, new globular protein bodies were formed, and phenolic inclusions accumulated in the vacuoles of epidermal and subepidermal cells and of individual cells close to the vascular bundles. Each adventitious root was found to be in continuity with a single vascular bundle of the cotyledon petiole. A short auxin treatment suppressed the formation of large roots and induced numerous tiny rootlets dispersed all over the surface of the cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gutmann
- Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Obstbau, D-85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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31
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Von Schwartzenberg K, Doumas P, Jouanin L, Pilate G. Enhancement of the endogenous cytokinin concentration in poplar by transformation with Agrobacterium T-DNA gene ipt. Tree Physiol 1994; 14:27-35. [PMID: 14967631 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/14.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The agrobacterial isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene, under the control of its native promoter, was transferred to poplar (Populus tremula x P. alba) by an Agrobacterium co-cultivation method. The ipt-transformed stem explants developed calli that regenerated many buds in the absence of exogenous cytokinins. Microcuttings of the ipt transformants exhibited frequently branching shoots with short internodes that were unable to root. In this material, the concentrations of zeatin, zeatin riboside and isopentenyladenosine, determined by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were 4.8-. 17.1- and 14.6-fold higher, respectively, than in non-transformed shoots. Results are discussed with regard to cytokinin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Von Schwartzenberg
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches Orléans, Station d'Amélioration des Arbres Forestiers, 45160 Ardon, France
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32
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Papet MP, Delay D, Doumas P, Delmotte F. New synthesis of immunogenic N6-isopent-2-enyladenosine-protein conjugate. Preparation, purification, and specificity of related antibodies. Bioconjug Chem 1992; 3:14-9. [PMID: 1616944 DOI: 10.1021/bc00013a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An original procedure which preserves the structure of the sugar ring is described to link a plant hormone as N6-isopent-2-enyladenosine [( 9R]iP) onto a protein carrier to prepare a more specific immunogen. This cytokinin is bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin by a five-step procedure. These [9R]iP-protein conjugates have a maximal absorption at 269 nm and show molar ratios of hormone bound to proteins in the range of 12:1 and 18:1 for BSA and ovalbumin, respectively. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against [9R]iP-BSA and were purified by affinity chromatography. Titers and specificity of the antisera and purified antibodies were determined by ELISA and RIA. These antibodies are highly specific for [9R]iP and do not cross-react with zeatin and ribosylzeatin. An immunoaffinity matrix was prepared with a capacity of 1 microgram of [9R]iP/mL of gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Papet
- Département de Biochimie des Glycoconjugués et Lectines Endogènes C.N.R.S., Orléans, France
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33
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Abstract
Immunoaffinity techniques using columns of immobilized antibodies raised against zeatin riboside and isopentenyladenosine were found to be effective in isolating cytoklnins from vegetative, female, and male buds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco). The purified cytokinins were separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Confirmation of cytokinin identities was by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Immediately prior to bud burst, all bud types contained three major cytokinins: isopentenyladenosine, zeatin riboside, and a hexose conjugate of zeatin riboside (not zeatin riboside O-glucoside). Zeatin-type cytokinins were present in relatively high concentration in vegetative and female buds. In male buds, however, relatively high levels of isopentenyladenosine were found together with low levels of zeatin-type cytokinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Morris
- Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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34
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Doumas P, Bonnet-Masimbert M, Zaerr JB. Evidence of cytokinin bases, ribosides and glucosides in roots of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Tree Physiol 1989; 5:63-72. [PMID: 14972999 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/5.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of cytokinin-like compounds were measured in root tips of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) collected in spring. Cytokinin bases and ribosides were estimated by radioimmunoassay after purification by immunoaffinity (zeatin riboside and isopentenyladenosine antibodies coupled to cellulose gel) and high performance liquid chromatography. Cytokinin glucosides were similarly analyzed in root extracts treated with beta-glucosidase and octadecyl-silica column chromatography in conjunction with immunoaffinity purification. The identity of predominant cytokinins obtained after enzymatic degradation was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Each of the observed cytokinin bases and ribosides seemed to have a corresponding hexose conjugate form. Total quantity of cytokinin glucosides was twice that of cytokinin bases and ribosides, and the major compound was isopentenyladenosine hexose conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Doumas
- INRA, Centre de Recherches d'Orléans, Station d'amelioration des Arbres Forestiers, Ardon 45160 Olivet, France
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35
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Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography, immunochromatography, and radioimmunoassay were used to identify cytokinin-like bases and glycosides in xylem sap of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Isopentenyladenosine-type (isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladenosine) and zeatin-riboside type (zeatin, zeatin riboside, and dihydrozeatin riboside) cytokinins were detected during springtime. A glucosyl conjugate of zeatin riboside was also present in small amounts. Levels of cytokinin-like compounds varied throughout the spring but were generally highest in late April to early May.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Doumas
- Department of Forest Science, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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