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Farrahi V, Collings PJ, Oussalah M. Deep learning of movement behavior profiles and their association with markers of cardiometabolic health. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38481262 PMCID: PMC10936042 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, existing studies assessing the health associations of accelerometer-measured movement behaviors have been performed with few averaged values, mainly representing the duration of physical activities and sedentary behaviors. Such averaged values cannot naturally capture the complex interplay between the duration, timing, and patterns of accumulation of movement behaviors, that altogether may be codependently related to health outcomes in adults. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to visually represent recorded movement behaviors as images using original accelerometer outputs. Subsequently, we utilize these images for cluster analysis employing deep convolutional autoencoders. METHODS Our method involves converting minute-by-minute accelerometer outputs (activity counts) into a 2D image format, capturing the entire spectrum of movement behaviors performed by each participant. By utilizing convolutional autoencoders, we enable the learning of these image-based representations. Subsequently, we apply the K-means algorithm to cluster these learned representations. We used data from 1812 adult (20-65 years) participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2006 cycles) study who worn a hip-worn accelerometer for 7 seven consecutive days and provided valid accelerometer data. RESULTS Deep convolutional autoencoders were able to learn the image representation, encompassing the entire spectrum of movement behaviors. The images were encoded into 32 latent variables, and cluster analysis based on these learned representations for the movement behavior images resulted in the identification of four distinct movement behavior profiles characterized by varying levels, timing, and patterns of accumulation of movement behaviors. After adjusting for potential covariates, the movement behavior profile characterized as "Early-morning movers" and the profile characterized as "Highest activity" both had lower levels of insulin (P < 0.01 for both), triglycerides (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), HOMA-IR (P < 0.01 for both), and plasma glucose (P < 0.05 and P < 0.1, respectively) compared to the "Lowest activity" profile. No significant differences were observed for the "Least sedentary movers" profile compared to the "Lowest activity" profile. CONCLUSIONS Deep learning of movement behavior profiles revealed that, in addition to duration and patterns of movement behaviors, the timing of physical activity may also be crucial for gaining additional health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Farrahi
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Paul J Collings
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Mourad Oussalah
- Centre of Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Pal E, Blackwell JE, Ball HL, Collings PJ. Sociodemographic, temporal and bedtime routine correlates of sleep timing and duration in South Asian and white children: A Born in Bradford study. Sleep Med X 2023; 5:100068. [PMID: 37033692 PMCID: PMC10074244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to examine sociodemographic, temporal and bedtime routine correlates of parent-reported sleep duration and timing in a biethnic sample of 18 month and 36 month old children from a disadvantaged location. Methods Between October 2010 and September 2012, parents completed a bespoke three day sleep diary when their child was approximately 18 months (n = 276) and 36 months of age (n = 262) (45.1% South Asian; 54.9% white). Parents reported their child's overnight sleep duration (h/day), the time their child fell asleep, their wake time and their child's bedtime and napping routines. Data were available at both time points for 135 children. Results In line with previous literature, South Asian children had shorter overnight sleep duration and later sleep and wake times than white children. In both ethnic groups, children slept and woke up later on weekends, and children went to bed earlier and slept longer in winter. In white children only, napping duration was associated with overnight sleep period. No significant associations were found between napping frequency and overnight sleep duration. Based on parent-reported data, children who consistently adhered to regular bedtimes and had set times for sleeping tended to go to sleep earlier, wake earlier and have longer overnight sleep. Conclusions The data showed parent-reported variation in sleep patterns between two ethnic groups within a single geographical and deprived area. It is important that researchers, clinicians and early years workers are considerate of cultural norms in sleep practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pal
- Better Start Bradford, Bradford Trident, Mayfield Centre, Broadway Ave, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Helen L. Ball
- Durham Infancy & Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, UK
| | - Paul J. Collings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Collings PJ, Backes A, Malisoux L. Arterial stiffness and the reallocation of time between device-measured 24-hour movement behaviours: A compositional data analysis. Atherosclerosis 2023; 379:117185. [PMID: 37531669 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Arterial stiffness predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to quantify the differences in arterial stiffness associated with reallocating time between 24-h movement behaviours. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study included Luxembourg residents aged 25-79y who each provided ≥4 valid days of triaxial accelerometry (n = 1001). Covariable adjusted compositional isotemporal substitution models were used to examine if theoretical reallocations of time between device-measured sedentariness, the sleep period, light physical activity (PA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were associated with the percentage difference in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). We further investigated if replacing sedentary time accumulated in prolonged (≥30 min) with non-prolonged (<30 min) bouts was associated with arterial stiffness. The results are presented as 30 min time exchanges (β (95% confidence interval)). RESULTS Beneficial associations with lower cfPWV were observed when reallocating time to MVPA from the sleep period (-1.38 (-2.63 to -0.12) %), sedentary time (-1.70 (-2.76 to -0.62) %), and light PA (-2.51 (-4.55 to -0.43) %), respectively. Larger associations in the opposite direction were observed when reallocating MVPA to the same behaviours (for example, replacing MVPA with sedentary time: 2.50 (0.85-4.18) %). Replacing prolonged with non-prolonged sedentary time was not associated with cfPWV (-0.27 (-0.86 to 0.32) %). In short sleepers, reallocating sedentary time to the sleep period was favourable (-1.96 (-3.74 to -0.15) %). CONCLUSIONS Increasing or at least maintaining MVPA appears to be important for arterial health in adults. Extending sleep in habitually short sleepers, specifically by redistributing sedentary time, may also be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Backes
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Malisoux
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg.
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Collings PJ, Backes A, Aguayo GA, Fagherazzi G, Malisoux L. Substituting device-measured sedentary time with alternative 24-hour movement behaviours: compositional associations with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in the ORISCAV-LUX 2 study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:70. [PMID: 37013622 PMCID: PMC10071757 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a considerable burden of sedentary time in European adults. We aimed to quantify the differences in adiposity and cardiometabolic health associated with theoretically exchanging sedentary time for alternative 24 h movement behaviours. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study included Luxembourg residents aged 18-79 years who each provided ≥ 4 valid days of triaxial accelerometry (n = 1046). Covariable adjusted compositional isotemporal substitution models were used to examine if statistically replacing device-measured sedentary time with more time in the sleep period, light physical activity (PA), or moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic health markers. We further investigated the cardiometabolic properties of replacing sedentary time which was accumulated in prolonged (≥ 30 min) with non-prolonged (< 30 min) bouts. RESULTS Replacing sedentary time with MVPA was favourably associated with adiposity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, insulin, and clustered cardiometabolic risk. Substituting sedentary time with light PA was associated with lower total body fat, fasting insulin, and was the only time-exchange to predict lower triglycerides and a lower apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio. Exchanging sedentary time with more time in the sleep period was associated with lower fasting insulin, and with lower adiposity in short sleepers. There was no significant evidence that replacing prolonged with non-prolonged sedentary time was related to outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Artificial time-use substitutions indicate that replacing sedentary time with MVPA is beneficially associated with the widest range of cardiometabolic risk factors. Light PA confers some additional and unique metabolic benefit. Extending sleep, by substituting sedentary time with more time in the sleep period, may lower obesity risk in short sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Backes
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Gloria A Aguayo
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Malisoux
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Collings PJ, Backes A, Aguayo GA, Malisoux L. Device-measured physical activity and sedentary time in a national sample of Luxembourg residents: the ORISCAV-LUX 2 study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:161. [PMID: 36581944 PMCID: PMC9798598 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing information about population physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary time in Luxembourg are based on self-reported data. METHODS This observational study included Luxembourg residents aged 18-79y who each provided ≥4 valid days of triaxial accelerometry in 2016-18 (n=1122). Compliance with the current international PA guideline (≥150 min moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per week, irrespective of bout length) was quantified and variability in average 24h acceleration (indicative of PA volume), awake-time PA levels, sedentary time and accumulation pattern were analysed by linear regression. Data were weighted to be nationally representative. RESULTS Participants spent 51% of daily time sedentary (mean (95% confidence interval (CI)): 12.1 (12.0 to 12.2) h/day), 11% in light PA (2.7 (2.6 to 2.8) h/day), 6% in MVPA (1.5 (1.4 to 1.5) h/day), and remaining time asleep (7.7 (7.6 to 7.7) h/day). Adherence to the PA guideline was high (98.1%). Average 24h acceleration and light PA were higher in women than men, but men achieved higher average accelerations across the most active periods of the day. Women performed less sedentary time and shorter sedentary bouts. Older participants (aged ≥55y) registered a lower average 24h acceleration and engaged in less MVPA, more sedentary time and longer sedentary bouts. Average 24h acceleration was higher in participants of lower educational attainment, who also performed less sedentary time, shorter bouts, and fewer bouts of prolonged sedentariness. Average 24h acceleration and levels of PA were higher in participants with standing and manual occupations than a sedentary work type, but manual workers registered lower average accelerations across the most active periods of the day. Standing and manual workers accumulated less sedentary time and fewer bouts of prolonged sedentariness than sedentary workers. Active commuting to work was associated with higher average 24h acceleration and MVPA, both of which were lower in participants of poorer self-rated health and higher weight status. Obesity was associated with less light PA, more sedentary time and longer sedentary bouts. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to recommended PA is high in Luxembourg, but half of daily time is spent sedentary. Specific population subgroups will benefit from targeted efforts to replace sedentary time with PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Collings
- grid.451012.30000 0004 0621 531XPhysical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Anne Backes
- grid.451012.30000 0004 0621 531XPhysical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Gloria A. Aguayo
- grid.451012.30000 0004 0621 531XDeep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Malisoux
- grid.451012.30000 0004 0621 531XPhysical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, L-1445 Luxembourg
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Yang Q, Borges MC, Sanderson E, Magnus MC, Kilpi F, Collings PJ, Soares AL, West J, Magnus P, Wright J, Håberg SE, Tilling K, Lawlor DA. Associations between insomnia and pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: Evidence from mendelian randomization and multivariable regression analyses. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1004090. [PMID: 36067251 PMCID: PMC9488815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is common and associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in observational studies. However, those associations could be vulnerable to residual confounding or reverse causality. Our aim was to estimate the association of insomnia with stillbirth, miscarriage, gestational diabetes (GD), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), perinatal depression, preterm birth (PTB), and low/high offspring birthweight (LBW/HBW). METHODS AND FINDINGS We used 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) with 81 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) instrumenting for a lifelong predisposition to insomnia. Our outcomes included ever experiencing stillbirth, ever experiencing miscarriage, GD, HDP, perinatal depression, PTB (gestational age <37 completed weeks), LBW (<2,500 grams), and HBW (>4,500 grams). We used data from women of European descent (N = 356,069, mean ages at delivery 25.5 to 30.0 years) from UK Biobank (UKB), FinnGen, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Born in Bradford (BiB), and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort (MoBa). Main MR analyses used inverse variance weighting (IVW), with weighted median and MR-Egger as sensitivity analyses. We compared MR estimates with multivariable regression of insomnia in pregnancy on outcomes in ALSPAC (N = 11,745). IVW showed evidence of an association of genetic susceptibility to insomnia with miscarriage (odds ratio (OR): 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 2.17, p = 0.002), perinatal depression (OR 3.56, 95% CI: 1.49, 8.54, p = 0.004), and LBW (OR 3.17, 95% CI: 1.69, 5.96, p < 0.001). IVW results did not support associations of insomnia with stillbirth, GD, HDP, PTB, and HBW, with wide CIs including the null. Associations of genetic susceptibility to insomnia with miscarriage, perinatal depression, and LBW were not observed in weighted median or MR-Egger analyses. Results from these sensitivity analyses were directionally consistent with IVW results for all outcomes, with the exception of GD, perinatal depression, and PTB in MR-Egger. Multivariable regression showed associations of insomnia at 18 weeks of gestation with perinatal depression (OR 2.96, 95% CI: 2.42, 3.63, p < 0.001), but not with LBW (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.24, p = 0.60). Multivariable regression with miscarriage and stillbirth was not possible due to small numbers in index pregnancies. Key limitations are potential horizontal pleiotropy (particularly for perinatal depression) and low statistical power in MR, and residual confounding in multivariable regression. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed some evidence in support of a possible causal relationship between genetically predicted insomnia and miscarriage, perinatal depression, and LBW. Our study also found observational evidence in support of an association between insomnia in pregnancy and perinatal depression, with no clear multivariable evidence of an association with LBW. Our findings highlight the importance of healthy sleep in women of reproductive age, though replication in larger studies, including with genetic instruments specific to insomnia in pregnancy are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C. Magnus
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fanny Kilpi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Luiza Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Siri E. Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Collings PJ, Grøntved A, Jago R, Kriemler S, Northstone K, Puder JJ, Salmon J, Sardinha LB, Steene-Johannessen J, van Sluijs EMF, Sherar LB, Esliger DW, Ekelund U. Cross-sectional and prospective associations of sleep duration and bedtimes with adiposity and obesity risk in 15 810 youth from 11 international cohorts. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12873. [PMID: 34851038 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations of bedtimes and sleep durations with adiposity levels in children and adolescents. METHODS Individual data were pooled for 12 247 children (5819 with follow-up adiposity at 2.3 ± 1.4 years post-baseline) and 3563 adolescents from 11 international studies. Associations between questionnaire-based sleep durations, bedtimes and four groups of combined bedtimes and sleep lengths (later-shorter [reference]/earlier-shorter/later-longer/earlier-longer) with measured adiposity (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference z-scores) and weight status, were investigated. RESULTS In children, longer sleep durations were consistently associated with lower adiposity markers, and earlier bedtimes were related to lower BMI z-score. Compared to sleeping <10 h, longer baseline sleep duration favourably predicted Δwaist z-score in girls (≥10 and <11 h (β-coefficient (95% confidence interval [CI])): -0.06 (-0.12 to -0.01)) and boys (≥11 h: -0.10 [-0.18 to -0.01]). Combined groups that were defined by longer sleep (later-longer and earlier-longer sleep patterns) were associated with lower adiposity, and later-longer sleep favourably predicted Δwaist z-score in girls (-0.09 [-0.15 to -0.02]). In adolescents, longer sleep durations and earlier bedtimes were associated with lower BMI z-score in the whole sample, and also with lower waist z-score in boys. Combined groups that were characterized by earlier bedtimes were associated with the same outcomes. For example, earlier-shorter (-0.22 (-0.43 to -0.01) and earlier-longer (-0.16 (-0.25 to -0.06) sleep were both associated with lower BMI z-score. CONCLUSIONS If the associations are causal, longer sleep duration and earlier bedtimes should be targeted for obesity prevention, emphasizing longer sleep for children and earlier bedtimes for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Obstetric Service, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Dale W Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Collings PJ. Independent associations of sleep timing, duration and quality with adiposity and weight status in a national sample of adolescents: The UK Millennium Cohort Study. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13436. [PMID: 34291853 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Short sleep appears to elevate obesity risk in youth; however, sleep is a multidimensional construct, and few studies have investigated parameters beyond duration. The objective of this study was to investigate if sleep onset time, duration, latency and night waking frequency are independently associated with adiposity and weight status in UK adolescents. This was a cross-sectional observational study of 10,619, 13-15 years olds. Adjusted linear and logistic regressions were used to investigate associations of self-reported sleep characteristics with adiposity markers (body mass index z-score and percent body fat) and weight status. Compared with a sleep onset before 10pm, later sleep timing was associated with higher adiposity and higher likelihood of overweight and obesity in boys (after midnight, odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.76 [1.19-2.60]) and girls (between 11pm and 11:59pm: 1.36 [1.17-1.65]). Sleeping ≤ 8 hr, compared with > 9-10 hr, was associated with higher odds of overweight and obesity in both sexes (boys: 1.80 [1.38-2.35]; girls: 1.38 [1.06-1.79]), and so too was sleeping > 10 hr in girls (1.31 [1.06-1.62]), indicating evidence for a U-shaped association. Also in girls, compared to a sleep latency of 16-30 min, sleep latencies ≥ 46 min were associated with higher adiposity (46-60 min, beta coefficient [95% confidence interval], percent body fat: 1.47 [0.57-2.36]) and higher likelihood of overweight and obesity (46-60 min: 1.39 [1.05-1.83]), and often as opposed to never waking in the night was associated with higher adiposity (body mass index z-score: 0.24 [0.08-0.41]; percent body fat: 1.44 [0.44-2.44]). Sleep duration and timing in both sexes, and sleep quality in girls, appear to be independently associated with adiposity and weight status in adolescence, and may be important targets for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Werneck AO, Oyeyemi AL, Collings PJ, Cyrino ES, Ronque ERV, Szwarcwald CL, Sardinha LB, Silva DRP. Physical activity can attenuate, but not eliminate, the negative relationships of high TV viewing with some chronic diseases: findings from a cohort of 60 202 Brazilian adults. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e7-e15. [PMID: 31774533 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the joint associations of leisure time physical activity and television (TV) viewing time with the prevalence of chronic diseases among Brazilian adults. METHODS Data from the Brazilian Health Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted in 2013 (n = 60 202; ≥18 years), were used. Time spent in TV viewing and leisure physical activity, physician diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease and information on co-variables (chronological age, education, ethnicity, candies/sweets consumption, sodium intake and tobacco smoking) were collected via interview. Descriptive statistics (mean and 95% confidence interval) and logistic regression models were used for etiological analyses. RESULTS Physical activity attenuated but did not eliminate the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease in the general population [odds ratio [OR]: 1.29 (1.11-1.50)] and among women [OR: 1.31 (1.09-1.60)], adults [OR: 1.24 (1.05-1.46)] and older adults [OR: 1.63 (1.05-2.53)]. On the other hand, physical activity eliminated the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease among men [OR: 1.24 (0.98-1.58)]. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that physical activity can attenuate but not eliminate the negative effects of high TV viewing on chronic disease among subgroups of Brazilian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Department of Physical Education,Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Department of Physical Education, Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- Department of Physical Education, Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER - Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Danilo R P Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Collings PJ, Farrar D, Gibson J, West J, Barber SE, Wright J. Associations of Pregnancy Physical Activity with Maternal Cardiometabolic Health, Neonatal Delivery Outcomes and Body Composition in a Biethnic Cohort of 7305 Mother-Child Pairs: The Born in Bradford Study. Sports Med 2020; 50:615-628. [PMID: 31559566 PMCID: PMC7018786 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity is advocated for a range of benefits to the uncomplicated pregnancy. We investigated associations of mid-pregnancy physical activity with maternal and neonatal health in white British and Pakistani-origin women from a deprived urban setting. METHODS The study was performed in 6921 pregnant women (53% Pakistani-origin) who contributed data for 7305 singleton births. At 26-28 weeks gestation, women were grouped into four activity levels (inactive/somewhat active/moderately active/active) based on their self-reported physical activity. Linear regression with robust standard errors was used to calculate adjusted mean differences in health markers between the four groups of physical activity (reference group: inactive). RESULTS Three-quarters (74%) of Pakistani-origin women and 39% of white British women were inactive. Trend-tests revealed that more active white British women tended to be less adipose, had lower fasting and postload glucose levels, lower triglyceride concentrations, and their babies were less adipose (smaller triceps and subscapular skinfolds) than less active white British women. Somewhat active Pakistani-origin women exhibited lower triglyceride concentrations and systolic blood pressure, higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and their babies were less adipose (smaller mid-upper arm and abdominal circumferences; lower cord-blood leptin concentration) compared to inactive Pakistani-origin women. No associations were observed for gestational age or birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity performed mid-pregnancy was beneficially associated with maternal cardiometabolic health and neonatal adiposity, without influencing gestational age or birth weight. Associations were dose-dependent in white British women, and even a small amount of mid-pregnancy physical activity appeared to benefit some health markers in Pakistani-origin women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Diane Farrar
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Joanna Gibson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Sally E Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Collings PJ, Dogra SA, Costa S, Bingham DD, Barber SE. Objectively-measured sedentary time and physical activity in a bi-ethnic sample of young children: variation by socio-demographic, temporal and perinatal factors. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 31992249 PMCID: PMC6986109 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that South Asian school-aged children and adults are less active compared to the white British population. It is unknown if this generalises to young children. We aimed to describe variability in levels of physical activity and sedentary time in a bi-ethnic sample of young children from a deprived location. Methods This observational study included 202 South Asian and 140 white British children aged 1.5 to 5y, who provided 3181 valid days of triaxial accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X+). Variability in sedentary time and physical activity levels were analysed by linear multilevel modelling. Logistic multilevel regression was used to identify factors associated with physical inactivity (failing to perform ≥180 min of total physical activity including ≥60 min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day). Results There were no significant ethnic differences in the overall levels of behaviours; South Asian and white British children spent half of daily time sedentary, just over 40% in light physical activity, and the remaining 7.5 to 8% of time in MVPA. Sedentary time was lower and physical activity levels were higher in older children, and levels of MVPA and vector magnitude counts per minute (CPM) were higher on weekends compared to weekdays. In South Asian children, sedentary time was lower on weekends. Sedentary time was lower and physical activity levels were higher in spring compared to winter in white British children, and in all seasons compared to winter in South Asian children. South Asian children born at high birth weight performed more MVPA, and in both ethnicities there was some evidence that children with older mothers were more sedentary and less active. Sedentary time was higher and light physical activity was lower in South Asian children in the highest compared to the lowest income families. South Asian girls performed less MVPA, registered fewer vector magnitude CPM, and were 3.5 times more likely to be physically inactive than South Asian boys. Conclusions Sedentary time and physical activity levels vary by socio-demographic, temporal and perinatal characteristics in young children from a deprived location. South Asian girls have the most to gain from efforts to increase physical activity levels. Trial registration The Pre-schoolers in the Playground (PiP) pilot randomized controlled trial is registered with the ISRCTN (ISRCTN54165860; http://www.isrctn.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK. .,Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Sufyan A Dogra
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Silvia Costa
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Daniel D Bingham
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Sally E Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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12
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Silva DR, Werneck AO, Collings PJ, Fernandes RA, Barbosa DS, Ronque ERV, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Physical activity maintenance and metabolic risk in adolescents. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:493-500. [PMID: 28927241 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Examine the association between child and adolescent physical activity maintenance categories and metabolic profile in adolescence. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1152 adolescents (57.4% female) aged 10-16 years from Londrina, Brazil. Physical activity was self-reported in childhood (7-10 years old, retrospective data) and adolescence through questionnaires. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle-run test), body fat (skinfolds), waist circumference, blood pressure (automatic instrument) and blood variables (fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured at adolescence. Results Frequency of physical activity in childhood and adolescence was 50.3 and 17.2%, respectively, and only 25.7% of boys and 10.9% of girls were active at both ages. Adolescents who were physically active in childhood alone were less likely [OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52-0.97)] to present low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence compared to those who were non-active in childhood. Regardless of controlled, actives in childhood and adolescence were less likely to present low cardiorespiratory fitness [OR = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.34-0.73)], high blood pressure [OR = 0.52 (95% CI: 0.32-0.85)] and high metabolic risk score [OR = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.22-0.90)] compared to the non-actives at both ages. Conclusions Actives through childhood to adolescence are less likely to present low cardiorespiratory fitness, high blood pressure and high metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe-São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.,Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise (GEPEMENE), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - André O Werneck
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise (GEPEMENE), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe-São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise (GEPEMENE), State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Werneck AO, Collings PJ, Barboza LL, Stubbs B, Silva DR. Associations of sedentary behaviors and physical activity with social isolation in 100,839 school students: The Brazilian Scholar Health Survey. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 59:7-13. [PMID: 31054464 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and social isolation in a representative sample of Brazilian adolescents. METHOD Cross sectional analyses using data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey conducted in 2015. The sample included 100,839 adolescents (mean age: 14.3 y, 51.4% Female) from 3040 schools. Information about social isolation (number of close friends and perceived loneliness), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and sedentary behaviors (total sitting time and TV viewing) were self-reported. Chronological age, race and type of city (state capital or other) were co-variables. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data (results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals). RESULTS Physical activity was associated with lower odds of both social isolation indicators in boys, and with lower likelihood of having few friends in girls. Greater sitting time was associated with higher likelihood of social isolation, as was low (<1 h/d) [boys: OR: 1.54 (95% CI: 1.33 to 1.77); girls: OR: 1.31 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.48] and high TV viewing (≥8 h/d) [boys: OR: 1.75 (95% CI: 1.47 to 2.09)]; girls: OR: 1.58 (95% CI: 1.37 to 1.82)]. More than 300 min/week of physical activity was sufficient to eliminate the association of high TV viewing and high sitting time with markers of social isolation in boys. CONCLUSION Physical activity is associated with a lower prevalence of social isolation, especially among boys. Both high and low amounts of TV viewing increase the likelihood of social isolation. Physical activity reduced the association between TV viewing and sitting with social isolation among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
| | - Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK
| | - Luciana L Barboza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, Box SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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Collings PJ, Kelly B, West J, Wright J. Associations of TV Viewing Duration, Meals and Snacks Eaten When Watching TV, and a TV in the Bedroom with Child Adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1619-1628. [PMID: 30269425 PMCID: PMC6207926 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations of TV parameters with adiposity in early life. METHODS Data were collected as part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal birth cohort study. Child TV viewing duration was parent reported, and BMI, the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and waist circumference were measured at ~12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age in 1,338 children. Mixed effects models were used to quantify adjusted associations of TV viewing duration with adiposity markers, incorporating data from all time points. Linear regression was used to investigate differences in adiposity levels across frequencies of eating meals and snacks while watching TV at age ~24 months and between children who did and did not have a TV in their bedroom at age ~36 months. RESULTS Every 1 h/d of TV viewing was associated with a 0.075-cm larger (95% CI: 0.0034-0.15) waist circumference, independent of covariates including sleep duration, dietary factors, and physical activity level. There was no evidence for any other associations. CONCLUSIONS TV viewing duration is independently associated with abdominal adiposity in young children. Limiting TV viewing from an early age may be important for primary prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkUK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
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Silva DR, Minderico CS, Pinto F, Collings PJ, Cyrino ES, Sardinha LB. Impact of a classroom standing desk intervention on daily objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity in youth. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:919-924. [PMID: 29409737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of a standing desk intervention on daily objectively monitored sedentary behavior and physical activity in 6th grade school students. DESIGN Cluster non-randomised controlled trial. METHOD Two classes (intervention students: n=22 [aged 11.8±0.4years]; control students: n=27 [11.6±0.5years]) from a public school in Lisbon were selected. The intervention involved replacing traditional seated classroom desks for standing desks, for a total duration of 16 weeks, in addition to performing teacher training and holding education/motivation sessions with students and parents. Sedentary behavior (ActivPAL inclinometer) and physical activity (Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer) were measured for seven days immediately before and after the intervention. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline behaviors between intervention and control groups (p>0.05). At follow-up (16 weeks), it was observed that the intervention group had decreased time spent sitting (total week: -6.8% and at school: -13.0% relative to baseline) and increased standing (total week: 16.5% and at school: 31.0%) based on inclinometer values (p-value for interaction group*time <0.05). No significant differences in activity outcomes were observed outside school time (week or weekend) between groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that a 16 week classroom standing desk intervention successfully reduced sitting time and increase standing time at school, with no observed compensatory effects outside of school time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Silva
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Londrina State University, Brazil; Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Minderico
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Pinto
- Departament of Social Sciences, Eça de Queiros High School, Portugal
| | - Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; University of York, Department of Health Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Londrina State University, Brazil
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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West J, Kelly B, Collings PJ, Santorelli G, Mason D, Wright J. Is small size at birth associated with early childhood morbidity in white British and Pakistani origin UK children aged 0-3? Findings from the born in Bradford cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:22. [PMID: 29390971 PMCID: PMC5796403 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-0987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
| | - Paul J. Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
| | - Gillian Santorelli
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ UK
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17
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Clark CCT, Barnes CM, Swindell NJ, Holton MD, Bingham DD, Collings PJ, Barber SE, Summers HD, Mackintosh KA, Stratton G. Profiling Movement and Gait Quality Characteristics in Pre-School Children. J Mot Behav 2017; 50:557-565. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2017.1375454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cain C. T. Clark
- HE Sport, University Centre Hartpury, United Kingdom
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
- Engineering Behaviour Analytics in Sport and Exercise (E-BASE) Research Group, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M. Barnes
- Engineering Behaviour Analytics in Sport and Exercise (E-BASE) Research Group, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Nils J. Swindell
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
- Engineering Behaviour Analytics in Sport and Exercise (E-BASE) Research Group, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Holton
- Engineering Behaviour Analytics in Sport and Exercise (E-BASE) Research Group, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D. Bingham
- Born in Bradford Cohort Study, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Collings
- Born in Bradford Cohort Study, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - Sally E. Barber
- Born in Bradford Cohort Study, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D. Summers
- Engineering Behaviour Analytics in Sport and Exercise (E-BASE) Research Group, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nanohealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
- Engineering Behaviour Analytics in Sport and Exercise (E-BASE) Research Group, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Stratton
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
- Engineering Behaviour Analytics in Sport and Exercise (E-BASE) Research Group, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, United Kingdom
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Collings PJ, Ball HL, Santorelli G, West J, Barber SE, McEachan RR, Wright J. Sleep Duration and Adiposity in Early Childhood: Evidence for Bidirectional Associations from the Born in Bradford Study. Sleep 2017; 40:2740619. [PMID: 28364513 PMCID: PMC5804981 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives: To examine independent associations of sleep duration with total and abdominal adiposity, and the bidirectionality of these associations, in a young biethnic sample of children from a disadvantaged location. Methods: Child sleep duration (h/day) was parent-reported by questionnaire and indices of total (body weight, body mass index, percent body fat (%BF), sum of skinfolds) and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference) were measured using standard anthropometric procedures at approximately 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age in 1,338 children (58% South Asian; 42% White). Mixed effects models were used to quantify independent associations (expressed as standardised β-coefficients (95% confidence interval (CI)) of sleep duration with adiposity indices using data from all four time-points. Factors considered for adjustment in models included basic demographics, pregnancy and birth characteristics, and lifestyle behaviours. Results: With the exception of the sum of skinfolds, sleep duration was inversely and independently associated with indices of total and abdominal adiposity in South Asian children. For example, one standard deviation (SD) higher sleep duration was associated with reduced %BF by -0.029 (95% CI: −0.053, −0.0043) SDs. Higher adiposity was also independently associated with shorter sleep duration in South Asian children (for example, %BF: β = -0.10 (-0.16, -0.028) SDs). There were no significant associations in White children. Conclusions: Associations between sleep duration and adiposity are bidirectional and independent among South Asian children from a disadvantaged location. The results highlight the importance of considering adiposity as both a determinant of decreased sleep and a potential consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Helen L Ball
- Parent-Infant Sleep Lab & Anthropology of Health Research Group, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham
| | - Gillian Santorelli
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Sally E Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rosemary Rc McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Collings PJ, Brage S, Bingham DD, Costa S, West J, McEachan RRC, Wright J, Barber SE. Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Fatness in a Biethnic Sample of Young Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:930-938. [PMID: 28060034 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time with adiposity in a predominantly biethnic (South Asian and White British) sample of young children. METHODS The sample included 333 children age 11 months to 5 yr who provided 526 cross-sectional observations for PA and body composition. Total PA volume (vector magnitude counts per minute), daily time at multiple intensity levels (the cumulative time in activity >500, >1000, >1500, …, >6000 counts per minute), and time spent sedentary (<820 counts per minute), in light PA (820-3907 counts per minute) and in moderate-to-vigorous PA (≥3908 counts per minute) were estimated with triaxial accelerometry. Indicators of adiposity included body mass index, waist circumference, and the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses. Statistical analyses were performed using multilevel regression and isotemporal substitution models adjusted for confounders. Effect modification by ethnicity was examined. RESULTS There was no evidence for effect modification by ethnicity (P interaction ≥ 0.13). In the whole sample, the accumulated time spent above 3500 counts per minute (i.e., high light-intensity PA) was inversely associated with the sum of skinfolds (β = -0.60 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.19 to -0.021, per 20 min·d), and the magnitude of association increased dose dependently with PA intensity (peaking for time spent >6000 counts per minute = -1.57 mm, 95% CI = -3.01 to -0.12, per 20 min·d). The substitution of 20 min·d of sedentary time with moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with a lower sum of skinfolds (-0.77 mm, 95% CI = -1.46 to -0.084). CONCLUSIONS High light-intensity PA appears to be beneficial for body composition in young South Asian and White British children, but higher-intensity PA is more advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- 1Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UNITED KINGDOM; 2MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM; 3School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UNITED KINGDOM; and 4UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM
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Barber SE, Kelly B, Collings PJ, Nagy L, Bywater T, Wright J. Prevalence, trajectories, and determinants of television viewing time in an ethnically diverse sample of young children from the UK. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:88. [PMID: 28683801 PMCID: PMC5501260 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive screen viewing in early childhood is associated with poor physical and psycho-social health and poor cognitive development. This study aimed to understand the prevalence, trajectory and determinants of television viewing time in early childhood to inform intervention development. Methods In this prospective longitudinal study, mothers of 1558 children (589 white British, 757 Pakistani heritage, 212 other ethnicities) completed questionnaires when their children were approximately 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months old. Mothers answered questions about their own and their child’s TV-time. TV-time trajectories were estimated by linear longitudinal multilevel modeling, potential determinants were considered in models. Results The modelled trajectory estimated that 75% of children aged 12 months exceeded guidelines of zero screen-time. At 12 months of age an accelerated increase in TV-time was observed (<1 h/day at 14 months, >2 h/day by 30 months old). For every hour of mothers’ TV-time and every hour the TV was on in the home, children’s TV-time was 8 min and 1 min higher respectively at 6 months old (P < 0.05), and 15 min and 3 min higher respectively at 36 months old (P < 0.05). Children whose mothers did not agree that it was important their child did not watch too much TV, had 17 min more TV-time than their counterparts (P < 0.05). Children of first time mothers had 6 min more TV-time (P < 0.05). At 12 months of age, children of mothers experiencing stress watched 8 min more TV (P < 0.05). By 36 months, children of Pakistani heritage mothers had 22 min more TV-time than those of white British mothers (P < 0.05), and an additional 35 min of TV-time if their mother was not born in the UK (P < 0.05). Conclusions High levels of TV-time were prevalent. Intervention developers should consider targeting interventions before 12 months of age. Modifiable determinants included mothers’ own TV-time, the time the television is on in the home and mothers’ attitude towards child TV-time. These behaviours may be key components to address in interventions for parents. Mothers experiencing stress, first time mothers, and Pakistani heritage mothers (particularly those born outside of the UK), may be priority groups for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Barber
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Liana Nagy
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.,Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Tracey Bywater
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, Area 2, Seebohm Rowntree Building, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
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21
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Collings PJ, Westgate K, Väistö J, Wijndaele K, Atkin AJ, Haapala EA, Lintu N, Laitinen T, Ekelund U, Brage S, Lakka TA. Cross-Sectional Associations of Objectively-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Mid-Childhood: The PANIC Study. Sports Med 2017; 47:769-780. [PMID: 27558140 PMCID: PMC5357249 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The minimum intensity of physical activity (PA) that is associated with favourable body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate cross-sectional associations of PA and sedentary time (ST) with body composition and CRF in mid-childhood. METHODS PA, ST, body composition and CRF were measured in a population-based sample of 410 children (aged 7.6 ± 0.4 years). Combined heart-rate and movement sensing provided estimates of PA energy expenditure (PAEE, kJ/kg/day) and time (min/day) at multiple fine-grained metabolic equivalent (MET) levels, which were also collapsed to ST and light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA). Fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2), trunk fat mass index (TFMI, kg/m2) and fat-free mass index (FFMI, kg/m2.5) were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal workload from a cycle ergometer test provided a measure of CRF (W/kg FFM). Linear regression and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate associations. RESULTS The cumulative time above 2 METs (221 J/min/kg) was inversely associated with FMI and TFMI in both sexes (p < 0.001) whereas time spent above 3 METs was positively associated with CRF (p ≤ 0.002); CRF increased and adiposity decreased dose-dependently with increasing MET levels. ST was positively associated with FMI and TFMI (p < 0.001) but there were inverse associations between all PA categories (including LPA) and adiposity (p ≤ 0.002); the magnitude of these associations depended on the activity being displaced in isotemporal substitution models but were consistently stronger for VPA. PAEE, MPA and to a greater extent VPA, were all positively related to CRF (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PA exceeding 2 METs is associated with lower adiposity in mid-childhood, whereas PA of 3 METs is required to benefit CRF. VPA was most beneficial for fitness and fatness, from a time-for-time perspective, but displacing any lower-for-higher intensity may be an important first-order public health strategy. Clinical trial registry number (website): NCT01803776 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01803776 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- PA Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- PA Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- PA Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Atkin
- PA Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- PA Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Soren Brage
- PA Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Silva DR, Werneck AO, Collings PJ, Fernandes RA, Barbosa DS, Ronque ERV, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Family history of cardiovascular disease and parental lifestyle behaviors are associated with offspring cardiovascular disease risk markers in childhood. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28295804 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease risk markers have become more prevalent in childhood. To provide increased understanding of the etiology of this public health issue, we investigated associations between family characteristics with cardiovascular disease risk markers in adolescents from a developing nation. METHODS In this cross-sectional study data for fasting glucose, lipoproteins (LDL-C and HDL-C), triglycerides, and total cholesterol were collected from 991 adolescents aged 10-17 who were recruited from public schools in Londrina city, Southern Brazil. Family history of cardiovascular disease and parental engagement in risk behavior (alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking) were collected using a self-reported parental questionnaire. Socioeconomic status, adolescent physical activity (estimated by Baecke questionnaire), self-reported tobacco and alcohol intake, and somatic maturation (age at peak height velocity) were used as covariates. Logistic regression was used for the main analyses. RESULTS Independent of adolescent lifestyle behaviors, associations (ORadj [95% CI]) were found between: (1) paternal family history of cardiovascular disease with increased likelihood of high adolescent offspring BMI (1.53 [1.01 to 2.32]) and high triglycerides (2.93 [1.04 to 8.27]); (2) maternal family history of cardiovascular disease with heightened odds of high adolescent offspring triglycerides (2.84 [1.02 to 7.91]); (3) maternal cardiovascular disease with higher odds of high fasting glucose (2.16 [1.13 to 4.14]), and (4) maternal smoking with increased odds of high LDL-C (1.78 [1.14 to 2.79]) and high total cholesterol (1.77 [1.01 to 3.10]) in adolescent offspring. CONCLUSION Family history of cardiovascular disease and maternal tobacco smoking are related to increased cardiovascular risk in adolescents, potentially independent of their own lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Silva
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise-GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - André O Werneck
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise-GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise-GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motrcidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise-GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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Werneck AO, Silva DR, Collings PJ, Fernandes RA, Ronque ERV, Barbosa DS, Cyrino ES. Biological Maturation, Central Adiposity, and Metabolic Risk in Adolescents: A Mediation Analysis. Child Obes 2016; 12:377-83. [PMID: 27267385 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier biological maturation has been related to increased metabolic risk. In this study, we verified mediating effects by central adiposity of the relationship between somatic maturity and metabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 1034 adolescents aged 10-16 years from Londrina/PR/Brazil were evaluated. The age of peak height velocity (PHV) method was used to evaluate somatic maturity. Central adiposity was estimated through waist circumference measurements. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure were measured as metabolic risk indicators. Physical activity (Baecke questionnaire) and cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test) were used as covariates. RESULTS Except for fasting glucose, waist circumference showed partial or full mediation of the relationship between maturity and the following metabolic risk factors with their respective z-score values: triglycerides (boys = -3.554 vs. girls = -5.031), HDL-C (boys = +5.300 vs. girls = +5.905), systolic blood pressure (boys = -3.540 vs. girls = -3.763), diastolic blood pressure (boys = -2.967 vs. girls = -3.264), and metabolic risk score (boys = -5.339 vs. girls = -6.362). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that central obesity plays a mediating role in the relationship between somatic maturation and metabolic risk during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- 1 Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise (GEPEMENE), Londrina State University , Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Silva
- 1 Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise (GEPEMENE), Londrina State University , Londrina, Brazil
| | - Paul J Collings
- 2 Bradford Institute for Health Research , Bradford NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- 3 Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- 1 Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise (GEPEMENE), Londrina State University , Londrina, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- 4 Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Londrina State University , Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- 1 Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise (GEPEMENE), Londrina State University , Londrina, Brazil
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Silva DR, Werneck AO, Collings PJ, Ohara D, Fernandes RA, Barbosa DS, Ronque ERV, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Cardiorespiratory fitness effect may be under-estimated in 'fat but fit' hypothesis studies. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:237-242. [PMID: 27562242 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1229029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat have been independently related to metabolic syndrome in adolescents; however, the strength of these relationships seems to be dependent on the outcome composition. AIM To analyse the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat combined with different indicators of metabolic risk in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 957 adolescents (58.7% girls). Cardiorespiratory fitness was obtained using the 20-metre shuttle run test and skinfold thickness was collected for body fat estimation. Metabolic risk score was calculated from waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides measurements and an alternative outcome without the central obesity indicator was adopted. Chronological age and somatic maturity were used as covariates. RESULTS Higher metabolic risk was observed in the highest fat/lowest fit adolescents (p < .05), regardless of sex and outcome. In the regression models, for full metabolic risk score, body fat presented higher coefficients compared to cardiorespiratory fitness in both sexes (boys: 0.501 vs -0.097; girls: 0.485 vs -0.087); however, in the metabolic risk without waist circumference, the coefficients became closer (boys: 0.290 vs -0.146; girls: 0.265 vs -0.120), with a concomitant decrease in body fat and increase in cardiorespiratory fitness coefficients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that body fat is strongly related to cardiovascular risk, but, when the outcome is calculated without the central obesity indicator, cardiorespiratory fitness becomes more related to metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Silva
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - André O Werneck
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Paul J Collings
- b Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford NHS Foundation Trust , Bradford , UK
| | - David Ohara
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- c Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- d Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis , Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- e Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Movement , University of Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
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25
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Silva DRP, Fernandes RA, Ohara D, Collings PJ, Souza MF, Tomeleri CM, Ronque ERV, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Correlates of sports practice, occupational and leisure-time physical activity in Brazilian adolescents. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:112-7. [PMID: 26179347 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the relationship between different physical activity (PA) domains and sociodemographic, psychological, behavioral and biological factors in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS 1,220 adolescents (55.1% female) aged between 10 and 16 years-old participated in this study. The Baecke questionnaire was used to evaluate different PA domains, namely occupational, sports and leisure-time. Socioeconomic status, number of siblings, friendships satisfaction, mother's and father's PA level and previous experience with sports were self-reported. Cardiorespiratory fitness, waist circumference, and somatic maturity were estimated by objective indicators. Linear regression was used for the main statistical analysis. RESULTS The variables consistently related to all of the PA domains were gender (boys more active), friendship satisfaction (positive with sports and leisure-time PA and negative with occupational PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (positive). There were also domain-specific relationships for occupational (number of siblings [β = 0.02] and father's PA [β = 0.13]), sport practice (previous experience with sports [β = 0.33], waist circumference [β = 0.01] and somatic maturity [β = -0.12]) and leisure-time PA (chronological age [β = -0.15], mother's PA [β = 0.47] and previous experience with sports [β = 0.17]). CONCLUSIONS The different domains of PA are related to specific variables in adolescence. This information may be helpful in formulating strategies for physical activity promotion, particularly in adolescents from low-to-middle income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R P Silva
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Departament of Physical Education, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Ohara
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Departament of Physical Education, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paul J Collings
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana F Souza
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Departament of Physical Education, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Crisieli M Tomeleri
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Departament of Physical Education, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Departament of Physical Education, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Sports and Health Department, Faculty of Human Kinetics, CIPER - University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Departament of Physical Education, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, Westgate K, Ridgway CL, Sharp SJ, Atkin AJ, Bamber D, Goodyer I, Brage S, Ekelund U. Prospective associations between sedentary time, sleep duration and adiposity in adolescents. Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.532 pmid: 25959093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, Westgate K, Ridgway CL, Sharp SJ, Dunn V, Goodyer I, Ekelund U, Brage S. Magnitude and determinants of change in objectively-measured physical activity, sedentary time and sleep duration from ages 15 to 17.5y in UK adolescents: the ROOTS study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:61. [PMID: 25971606 PMCID: PMC4437669 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-reported physical activity (PA) and sleep duration (SLP) change markedly throughout adolescence. We sought to quantify changes in objectively-measured PA, sedentary time (ST) and SLP through adolescence, and to investigate baseline body composition and baseline activity levels as determinants of change. Methods Individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing was used to estimate PA energy expenditure (PAEE), SLP, daily ST and time in light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in 144 adolescents (50 % boys) of mean age 15.1(±0.3)y at baseline and 17.5(±0.3)y at follow-up. Changes in PA (ΔPA), ST (ΔST) and SLP (ΔSLP) were calculated as follow-up minus baseline values. Waist circumference (WC) was measured at baseline and follow-up, as was fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) by a pooled estimation method including bio-impedance. Comparison of baseline and follow-up activity was made by mixed-model ANOVA. Linear regression adjusted for baseline demographics, total and weekend hours of monitor wear time and the seasons of activity measurements, was used to investigate baseline body composition as determinants of ΔPA, ΔST and ΔSLP. A further model adjusted for baseline of the outcome assessed baseline activity as a predictor of behaviour change, and investigated associations for baseline body composition independent of the baseline level of the outcome. Results From baseline to follow-up levels of MPA and VPA declined (p ≤ 0.039). The annual decline in MVPA was equivalent to -4.5 and -3.0 min/d in boys and girls, respectively. Baseline FMI, FFMI and WC were positively associated with ΔLPA and negatively associated with ΔST in boys when adjusted for baseline of the outcome (p ≤ 0.037 for all). SLP increased from baseline to follow-up (p = 0.004) but ΔSLP was not associated with baseline body composition (p ≥ 0.13). For all variables, higher baseline levels were associated with greater declines over time (p ≤ 0.003). Conclusions Levels of higher-intensity PA decline from mid-to-late adolescence, whereas the duration of sleep increases. Changes in LPA and ST may be associated with baseline body composition, but the baseline level of the outcome is consistently the strongest predictor of changes in adolescent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Kirsten Corder
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Kate Westgate
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Charlotte L Ridgway
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Valerie Dunn
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Soren Brage
- Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Hildebrand M, Kolle E, Hansen BH, Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Kordas K, Cooper AR, Sherar LB, Andersen LB, Sardinha LB, Kriemler S, Hallal P, van Sluijs E, Ekelund U. Association between birth weight and objectively measured sedentary time is mediated by central adiposity: data in 10,793 youth from the International Children's Accelerometry Database. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:983-90. [PMID: 25832337 PMCID: PMC4409689 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight is an early correlate of disease later in life, and animal studies suggest that low birth weight is associated with reduced activity and increased sedentary time. Whether birth weight predicts later sedentary time in humans is uncertain. OBJECTIVES We examined the relation between birth weight and sedentary time in youth and examined whether this association was mediated by central adiposity. DESIGN We used pooled cross-sectional data from 8 observational studies conducted between 1997 and 2007 that consisted of 10,793 youth (boys: 47%) aged 6-18 y from the International Children's Accelerometry Database. Birth weight was measured in hospitals or maternally reported, sedentary time was assessed by using accelerometry (<100 counts/min), and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference) was measured according to WHO procedures. A mediation analysis with bootstrapping was used to analyze data. RESULTS The mean (±SD) time spent sedentary was 370 ± 91 min/d. Birth weight was positively associated with sedentary time (B = 4.04, P = 0.006) and waist circumference (B = 1.59, P < 0.001), whereas waist circumference was positively associated with sedentary time (B = 0.82, P < 0.001). Results of the mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of birth weight on sedentary time through waist circumference (B: 1.30; 95% bias-corrected CI: 0.94, 1.72), and when waist circumference was controlled for, the effect of birth weight on sedentary time was attenuated by 32% (B = 2.74, P = 0.06). CONCLUSION The association between birth weight and sedentary time appears partially mediated by central adiposity, suggesting that both birth weight and abdominal adiposity may be correlates of sedentary time in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hildebrand
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Elin Kolle
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Bjørge H Hansen
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Paul J Collings
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Ashley R Cooper
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Susi Kriemler
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Pedro Hallal
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- From the Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway (MH, EK, BHH, LBA, and UE); the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (PJC, KW, EvS, and UE); the School of Social and Community Medicine (KK) and the Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies (ARC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom (LB Sherar); the Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (LBA); the Department of Sport and Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (LB Sardinha); the Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (SK); and the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil (PH)
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Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, Westgate K, Ridgway CL, Sharp SJ, Atkin AJ, Bamber D, Goodyer I, Brage S, Ekelund U. Prospective associations between sedentary time, sleep duration and adiposity in adolescents. Sleep Med 2015; 16:717-22. [PMID: 25959093 PMCID: PMC4465960 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We examined sedentary time and sleep length relative to changes in youth adiposity. Sedentary time was not associated with change in adiposity in either gender. Sleep duration was significantly inversely associated with adiposity gain in boys. The association for sleep in boys was attenuated by physical activity and depression.
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether objectively measured sedentary time and sleep duration are associated with changes in adiposity from mid- to late adolescence. Methods Students (n = 504, 42% boys) were recruited from schools in Cambridgeshire, UK. At baseline (mean age 15.0 ± 0.3 years), sedentary time was objectively measured by ≥3 days of combined heart rate and movement sensing. Concurrently, sleep duration was measured by combined sensing in conjunction with self-reported bed times. Fat mass index (FMI; kg/m2) was estimated at baseline and follow-up (17.5 ± 0.3 years) by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. FMI change (ΔFMI) was calculated by subtracting the baseline from follow-up values. Linear regression models adjusted for basic demographics, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and depressive symptoms were used to investigate associations of sedentary time and sleep duration (mutually adjusted for one another) with ΔFMI. Results FMI increased by 0.5 and 0.6 kg/m2 in boys and girls, respectively, but there was no association between sedentary time and ΔFMI in either gender (p ≥ 0.087), and no association between sleep duration and ΔFMI in girls (p ≥ 0.61). In boys, each additional hour of baseline sleep significantly reduced the ΔFMI by 0.13 kg/m2 (p = 0.049), but there was little evidence for this association after adjusting for MVPA and depressive symptoms (p = 0.15). Conclusions Sedentary time may not determine changes in adiposity from mid- to late adolescence, nor may sleep duration in girls. However, sleep length may be inversely associated with adiposity gain in boys, depending on whether the relationship is confounded or mediated by MVPA and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte L Ridgway
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Atkin
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diane Bamber
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, Norway
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Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, Westgate K, Ridgway CL, Dunn V, Goodyer I, Ekelund U, Brage S. Levels and patterns of objectively-measured physical activity volume and intensity distribution in UK adolescents: the ROOTS study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:23. [PMID: 24564949 PMCID: PMC3936923 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have quantified levels of habitual physical activity across the entire intensity range. We aimed to describe variability in total and intensity-specific physical activity levels in UK adolescents across gender, socio-demographic, temporal and body composition strata. METHODS Physical activity energy expenditure and minutes per day (min/d) spent sedentary and in light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity were assessed in 825 adolescents from the ROOTS study (43.5% boys; mean age 15.0 ± 0.30 years), by 4 days of individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing. Measurement days were classified as weekday or weekend and according to the three school terms: summer (April-July), autumn (September-December), and spring (January-March). Gender and age were self-reported and area-level SES determined by postcode data. Body composition was measured by anthropometry and bio-electrical impedance. Variability in physical activity and sedentary time was analysed by linear multilevel modelling, and logistic multilevel regression was used to determine factors associated with physical inactivity (<60 min moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity/d). RESULTS During awake hours (15.8 ± 0.9 hrs/d), adolescents primarily engaged in light intensity physical activity (517 min/d) and sedentary time (364 min/d). Boys were consistently more physically active and less sedentary than girls, but gender differences were smaller at weekends, as activity levels in boys dropped more markedly when transitioning from weekday to weekend. Boys were more sedentary on both weekend days compared to during the week, whereas girls were more sedentary on Sunday but less sedentary on Saturday. In both genders light intensity physical activity was lower in spring, while moderate physical activity was lower in autumn and spring terms, compared to the summer term; sedentary time was also higher in spring than summer term. Adolescents with higher fatness engaged in less vigorous intensity physical activity. Factors associated with increased odds of physical inactivity were female gender, both weekend days in boys, and specifically Sunday in girls. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity components vary by gender, temporal factors and body composition in UK adolescents. The available data indicate that in adolescence, girls should be the primary targets of interventions designed to increase physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Physical Activity Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Valerie Dunn
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Goodyer
- Developmental Lifecourse Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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31
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Hesketh KR, McMinn AM, Ekelund U, Sharp SJ, Collings PJ, Harvey NC, Godfrey KM, Inskip HM, Cooper C, van Sluijs EMF. Objectively measured physical activity in four-year-old British children: a cross-sectional analysis of activity patterns segmented across the day. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:1. [PMID: 24405936 PMCID: PMC3896827 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about preschool-aged children's levels of physical activity (PA) over the course of the day. Using time-stamped data, we describe the levels and patterns of PA in a population-based sample of four-year-old British children. METHODS Within the Southampton Women's Survey the PA levels of 593 4-year-old children (51% female) were measured using (Actiheart) accelerometry for up to 7 days. Three outcome measures: minutes spent sedentary (<20 cpm); in light (LPA: ≥20-399 cpm) and in moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA: ≥400 cpm) were derived. Average daily activity levels were calculated and then segmented across the day (morning, afternoon and evening). MVPA was log-transformed. Two-level random intercept models were used to analyse associations between activity level and temporal and demographic factors. RESULTS Children were active for 67% (mean 568.5 SD 79.5 minutes) of their daily registered time on average, with 88% of active time spent in LPA. All children met current UK guidelines of 180 minutes of daily activity. There were no differences in children's average daily levels of sedentary activity and LPA by temporal and demographic factors: differences did emerge when activity was segmented across the day. Sex differences were largest in the morning, with girls being more sedentary, spending fewer minutes in LPA and 18% less time in MVPA than boys. Children were more sedentary and less active (LPA and MVPA) in the morning if they attended childcare full-time compared to part-time, and on weekend mornings compared to weekdays. The reverse was true for weekend afternoons and evenings. Children with more educated mothers were less active in the evenings. Children were less sedentary and did more MVPA on summer evenings compared to winter evenings. CONCLUSIONS Preschool-aged children meet current physical activity guidelines, but with the majority of their active time spent in LPA, investigation of the importance of activity intensity in younger children is needed. Activity levels over the day differed by demographic and temporal factors, highlighting the need to consider temporality in future interventions. Increasing girls' morning activity and providing opportunities for daytime activity in winter months may be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Hesketh
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Box 296, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M McMinn
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Box 296, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Collings
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Esther MF van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Box 296, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 285, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Collings PJ, Brage S, Ridgway CL, Harvey NC, Godfrey KM, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Wareham NJ, Ekelund U. Physical activity intensity, sedentary time, and body composition in preschoolers. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:1020-8. [PMID: 23553158 PMCID: PMC3785144 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.045088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed associations between physical activity (PA) subcomponents, sedentary time, and body composition in preschoolers remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We examined the magnitude of associations between objectively measured PA subcomponents and sedentary time with body composition in 4-y-old children. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study in 398 preschool children recruited from the Southampton Women's Survey. PA was measured by using accelerometry, and body composition was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Associations between light physical activity, moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) intensity; sedentary time; and body composition were analyzed by using repeated-measures linear regression with adjustment for age, sex, birth weight, maternal education, maternal BMI, smoking during pregnancy, and sleep duration. Sedentary time and PA were also mutually adjusted for one another to determine whether they were independently related to adiposity. RESULTS VPA was the only intensity of PA to exhibit strong inverse associations with both total adiposity [P < 0.001 for percentage of body fat and fat mass index (FMI)] and abdominal adiposity (P = 0.002 for trunk FMI). MVPA was inversely associated with total adiposity (P = 0.018 for percentage of body fat; P = 0.022 for FMI) but only because of the contribution of VPA, because MPA was unrelated to fatness (P ≥ 0.077). No associations were shown between the time spent sedentary and body composition (P ≥ 0.11). CONCLUSIONS In preschoolers, the time spent in VPA is strongly and independently associated with lower adiposity. In contrast, the time spent sedentary and in low-to-moderate-intensity PA was unrelated to adiposity. These results indicate that efforts to challenge pediatric obesity may benefit from prioritizing VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Collings
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Premelting is the localized loss of crystalline order at surfaces and defects at temperatures below the bulk melting transition. It can be thought of as the nucleation of the melting process. Premelting has been observed at the surfaces of crystals but not within. We report observations of premelting at grain boundaries and dislocations within bulk colloidal crystals using real-time video microscopy. The crystals are equilibrium close-packed, three-dimensional colloidal structures made from thermally responsive microgel spheres. Particle tracking reveals increased disorder in crystalline regions bordering defects, the amount of which depends on the type of defect, distance from the defect, and particle volume fraction. Our observations suggest that interfacial free energy is the crucial parameter for premelting in colloidal and atomic-scale crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Alsayed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6396, USA
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Lacoste D, Collings PJ, Lubensky TC. Effective index of refraction, optical rotation, and circular dichroism in isotropic chiral liquid crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:031717. [PMID: 11909091 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.031717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper concerns optical properties of the isotropic phase above the isotropic-cholesteric transition and of the blue phase BP III. We introduce an effective index, which describes spatial dispersion effects such as optical rotation, circular dichroism, and the modification of the average index due to the fluctuations. We derive the wavelength dependence of these spatial dispersion effects quite generally without relying on an expansion in powers of the chirality and without assuming that the pitch of the cholesteric P is much shorter than the wavelength of the light lambda, an approximation that has been made in previous studies of this problem. The theoretical predictions are supported by comparing them with experimental spectra of the optical activity in the BP III phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lacoste
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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35
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Selinger JV, Collings PJ, Shashidhar R. Field-dependent tilt and birefringence of electroclinic liquid crystals: theory and experiment. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 64:061705. [PMID: 11736200 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.061705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An unresolved issue in the theory of liquid crystals is the molecular basis of the electroclinic effect in the smectic-A phase. Recent x-ray scattering experiments suggest that, in a class of siloxane-containing liquid crystals, an electric field changes a state of disordered molecular tilt in random directions into a state of ordered tilt in one direction. To investigate this issue, we measure the optical tilt and birefringence of these liquid crystals as functions of field and temperature, and we develop a theory for the distribution of molecular orientations under a field. A comparison of theory and experiment confirms that these materials have a disordered distribution of molecular tilt directions that is aligned by an electric field, giving a large electroclinic effect. It also shows that the effective dipole moment, a key parameter in the theory, scales as a power law near the smectic-A--smectic-C transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Selinger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
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Abstract
The kinetics of J-aggregate formation has been studied for two chromophores, tetrakis-4-sulfonatophenylporphine in an acid medium and pseudoisocyanine on a polyvinylsulfonate template. The assembly processes differ both in their sensitivity to initiation protocols and in the reaction profiles they produce. The porphyrin's assembly kinetics, for example, displays an induction period unlike that of the cyanine dye. Two kinetic models are presented. For the porphyrin, an autocatalytic pathway in which the formation of an aggregation nucleus is rate-determining appears to be applicable; for the pseudoisocyanine dye, an equation derived for diffusion-limited aggregation of a fractal object satisfactorily fits the data. These models are shown to be useful for the analysis of kinetic data obtained for several biologically important aggregation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Pasternack
- Department of Chemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore Pennsylvania 19081, USA
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Huff BP, Krich JJ, Collings PJ. Helix inversion in the chiral nematic and isotropic phases of a liquid crystal. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:5372-5378. [PMID: 11031587 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.5372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/1999] [Revised: 12/10/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the chirality (2 pi/pitch) in the chiral nematic phase and of a structural constant proportional to the chirality in the isotropic liquid for a system in which a helix inversion line crosses the chiral nematic to isotropic phase transition line are reported. While the chirality shows a strong temperature dependence in the chiral nematic phase, it loses all temperature dependence in the isotropic phase. In addition, the chirality in the isotropic phase is proportional to the chirality in the chiral nematic phase at the phase transition, and may in fact be continuous across the transition. While molecular field and phenomenological theories can explain the strong temperature dependence in the chiral nematic phase, including the helix inversion, these theories predict a strong discontinuity in the chirality at the phase transition that is not supported by experiment. So while a theory that includes short range molecular correlations is called for to understand the behavior of the chirality across the phase transition, theoretical attempts to explain the chirality of a phase from a microscopic level must account for the strong role played by long range orientational order.
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Affiliation(s)
- BP Huff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania 19081, USA
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Kao MH, Jester KA, Yodh AG, Collings PJ. Observation of Light Diffusion and Correlation Transport in Nematic Liquid Crystals. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 77:2233-2236. [PMID: 10061892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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39
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Kutnjak Z, Garland CW, Schatz CG, Collings PJ, Booth CJ, Goodby JW. Critical point for the blue-phase-III-isotropic phase transition in chiral liquid crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 53:4955-4963. [PMID: 9964824 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.4955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
Light scattering experiments are usually performed at wavelengths away from absorption bands, but for species that aggregate, enhancements in light scattering of several orders of magnitude can be observed at wavelengths characteristic of these species. Resonance light scattering is shown to be a sensitive and selective method for studying electronically coupled chromophore arrays. The approach is illustrated with several examples drawn from porphyrin and chlorin chemistry. The physical principles underlying resonance light scattering are discussed, and the advantages and limitations of the technique are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Pasternack
- Department of Chemistry, Swarthmore College, PA 19081, USA
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41
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Kutnjak Z, Garland CW, Passmore JL, Collings PJ. Supercritical conversion of the third blue phase to the isotropic phase in a highly chiral liquid crystal. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:4859-4862. [PMID: 10058617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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42
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Bowling MB, Collings PJ, Booth CJ, Goodby JW. Phase diagrams for the blue phases of highly chiral liquid crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1993; 48:4113-4115. [PMID: 9961074 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.48.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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43
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Rosenzweig JD, Collings PJ. Optical activity in the smectic-A phase of a highly chiral liquid crystal. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1993; 47:1876-1880. [PMID: 9960209 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.47.1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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44
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45
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Wyse JE, Ennis J, Collings PJ. Coupling between structural modes in the isotropic phase of highly chiral liquid crystals. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 62:1045-1048. [PMID: 10040410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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46
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Battle PR, Miller JD, Collings PJ. Pretransitional optical activity in a liquid-crystal system of high chirality. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 36:369-373. [PMID: 9898693 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.36.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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47
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Miller JD, Battle PR, Collings PJ, Yang DK, Crooker PP. Temperature-concentration phase diagram for the blue phases of a highly chiral liquid crystal. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 35:3959-3960. [PMID: 9898627 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.35.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
The one previously reported high pressure volumetric experiment on a phospholipid bilayer investigated a region of pressure between 0 and 25 MPa and obtained isothermal compressibility values for the liquid crystal and intermediate phases which differed by more than a factor of ten. We report new volumetric measurements around the main transition in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) from 0 to 100 MPa. The isothermal compressibility data for the two phases are of the same order of magnitude, and the experimentally determined coexistence curve, specific volume dependence, and volume discontinuity values are compared with the predictions of the phenomenological theory according to Sugar and Tarjan ((1982) Sov. Phys. Crystallogr. 27, 4-5). Significant discrepancies between this theory and experiment are found. Finally, the data indicate that steric interactions play a more dominant role in the main transition of phospholipid bilayers than in transitions in most thermotropic liquid crystals.
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Lampe MW, Collings PJ. High-pressure volumetric measurements near a smectic-nematic-isotropic triple point. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1986; 34:524-528. [PMID: 9897278 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.34.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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