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Sauder KA, Cohen CC, Mueller NT, Hockett CW, Switkowski KM, Maldonado LE, Lyall K, Kerver JM, Dabelea D, O'Connor TG, Glueck DH, Melough MM, Couzens GL, Catellier DJ, Smith PB, Newby KL, Benjamin DK. Identifying Foods That Optimize Intake of Key Micronutrients During Pregnancy. J Nutr 2023; 153:3012-3022. [PMID: 37604382 PMCID: PMC10613721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most pregnant women in the United States are at risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids from foods alone. Very few United States dietary supplements provide sufficient doses of all 6 nutrients without inducing excess intake. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify energy-efficient foods that provide sufficient doses of these nutrients and could be consumed in lieu of dietary supplements to achieve the recommended intake in pregnancy. METHODS In a previous analysis of 2,450 pregnant women, we calculated the range of additional intake needed to shift 90% of participants to intake above the estimated average requirement and keep 90% below the tolerable upper level for these 6 nutrients. Here, we identified foods and beverages from the 2019 to 2020 Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies that provide target levels of these nutrients without exceeding the additional energy intake recommended for pregnancy beginning in the second trimester (340 kilocalories). RESULTS We identified 2358 candidate foods meeting the target intake range for at least one nutrient. No candidate foods provided target amounts of all 6 nutrients. Seaweed (raw or cooked without fat) provided sufficient vitamin A, folate, calcium, iron, and omega-3s (5 of 6 nutrients) but would require an intake of >5 cups/d. Twenty-one other foods/beverages (mainly fish, vegetables, and beverages) provided target amounts of 4 of the 6 nutrients. Few foods met targets for vitamin D (n = 54) or iron (n = 93). CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the difficulty in meeting nutritional requirements from diet alone and imply that dietary supplements are likely necessary to meet vitamin D and iron targets in pregnancy, as well as omega-3 fatty acid targets for individuals who do not consume fish products. Other foods could be added in limited amounts to help meet intake targets without exceeding caloric recommendations or nutrient safety limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Catherine C Cohen
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christine W Hockett
- Avera Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Karen M Switkowski
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luis E Maldonado
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jean M Kerver
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Thomas G O'Connor
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Deborah H Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Melissa M Melough
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - G Lance Couzens
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | | | - P B Smith
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - K L Newby
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - D K Benjamin
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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2
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Tian Y, Rimal B, Gui W, Koo I, Smith PB, Yokoyama S, Patterson AD. Early Life Polychlorinated Biphenyl 126 Exposure Disrupts Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet in Adulthood. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100894. [PMID: 36295797 PMCID: PMC9609008 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the potential influence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the pathogenesis and progression of obesity and diabetes. Diet-toxicant interactions appear to be important in diet-induced obesity/diabetes; however, the factors influencing this interaction, especially the early life environmental exposure, are unclear. Herein, we investigated the metabolic effects following early life five-day exposure (24 μg/kg body weight per day) to 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentacholorobiphenyl (PCB 126) at four months after exposure in mice fed with control (CTRL) or high-fat diet (HFD). Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling as well as higher levels of liver nucleotides were observed at 4 months after PCB 126 exposure in mice, independent of diet status. Inflammatory responses including higher levels of serum cytokines and adipose inflammatory gene expression caused by early life PCB 126 were observed only in HFD-fed mice in adulthood. Notably, early life PCB 126 exposure worsened HFD-induced impaired glucose homeostasis characterized by glucose intolerance and elevated gluconeogenesis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux without worsening the effects of HFD related to adiposity in adulthood. Furthermore, early life PCB 126 exposure resulted in diet-dependent changes in bacterial community structure and function later in life, as indicated by metagenomic and metabolomic analyses. These data contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between diet and early life environmental chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Wei Gui
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence:
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3
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Collins SL, Koo I, Peters JM, Smith PB, Patterson AD. Current Challenges and Recent Developments in Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif) 2021; 14:467-487. [PMID: 34314226 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091620-015205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) has advanced the study of metabolism in living systems by allowing many metabolites to be measured in a single experiment. Although improvements in mass detector sensitivity have facilitated the detection of greater numbers of analytes, compound identification strategies, feature reduction software, and data sharing have not kept up with the influx of MS data. Here, we discuss the ongoing challenges with MS-based metabolomics, including de novo metabolite identification from mass spectra, differentiation of metabolites from environmental contamination, chromatographic separation of isomers, and incomplete MS databases. Because of their popularity and sensitive detection of small molecules, this review focuses on the challenges of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based methods. We then highlight important instrumentational, experimental, and computational tools that have been created to address these challenges and how they have enabled the advancement of metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
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4
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Allman EL, Hubbard TD, Murray IA, Hao F, Tian Y, Gui W, Nichols RG, Smith PB, Anitha M, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor activates ceramide biosynthesis in mice contributing to hepatic lipogenesis. Toxicology 2021; 458:152831. [PMID: 34097992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation via 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) induces the accumulation of hepatic lipids. Here we report that AHR activation by TCDF (24 μg/kg body weight given orally for five days) induced significant elevation of hepatic lipids including ceramides in mice, was associated with increased expression of key ceramide biosynthetic genes, and increased activity of their respective enzymes. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and cell-based reporter luciferase assays indicated that AHR directly activated the serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (Sptlc2, encodes serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (SPT2)) gene whose product catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Hepatic ceramide accumulation was further confirmed by mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Taken together, our results revealed that AHR activation results in the up-regulation of Sptlc2, leading to ceramide accumulation, thus promoting lipogenesis, which can induce hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Erik L Allman
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Troy D Hubbard
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Iain A Murray
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wei Gui
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robert G Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mallappa Anitha
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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5
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Artacho A, Isaac S, Nayak R, Flor-Duro A, Alexander M, Koo I, Manasson J, Smith PB, Rosenthal P, Homsi Y, Gulko P, Pons J, Puchades-Carrasco L, Izmirly P, Patterson A, Abramson SB, Pineda-Lucena A, Turnbaugh PJ, Ubeda C, Scher JU. The Pretreatment Gut Microbiome Is Associated With Lack of Response to Methotrexate in New-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:931-942. [PMID: 33314800 DOI: 10.1002/art.41622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although oral methotrexate (MTX) remains the anchor drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), up to 50% of patients do not achieve a clinically adequate outcome. In addition, there is a lack of prognostic tools for treatment response prior to drug initiation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether interindividual differences in the human gut microbiome can aid in the prediction of MTX efficacy in new-onset RA. METHODS We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing on the baseline gut microbiomes of drug-naive patients with new-onset RA (n = 26). Results were validated in an additional independent cohort (n = 21). To gain insight into potential microbial mechanisms, we conducted ex vivo experiments coupled with metabolomics analysis to evaluate the association between microbiome-driven MTX depletion and clinical response. RESULTS Our analysis revealed significant associations of the abundance of gut bacterial taxa and their genes with future clinical response (q < 0.05), including orthologs related to purine and MTX metabolism. Machine learning techniques were applied to the metagenomic data, resulting in a microbiome-based model that predicted lack of response to MTX in an independent group of patients. Finally, MTX levels remaining after ex vivo incubation with distal gut samples from pretreatment RA patients significantly correlated with the magnitude of future clinical response, suggesting a possible direct effect of the gut microbiome on MTX metabolism and treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings are the first step toward predicting lack of response to oral MTX in patients with new-onset RA and support the value of the gut microbiome as a possible prognostic tool and as a potential target in RA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Isaac
- Center for Public Health Research, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Imhoi Koo
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Julia Manasson
- New York University School of Medicine and NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York
| | | | - Pamela Rosenthal
- New York University School of Medicine and NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York
| | | | - Percio Gulko
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Javier Pons
- Center for Public Health Research, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leonor Puchades-Carrasco
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter Izmirly
- New York University School of Medicine and NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York
| | | | - Steven B Abramson
- New York University School of Medicine and NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- University of California and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California
| | - Carles Ubeda
- Centro Superior de Investigación en Salud Pública, La Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain, and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose U Scher
- New York University School of Medicine and NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York
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6
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Zeid D, Goldberg LR, Seemiller LR, Mooney-Leber S, Smith PB, Gould TJ. Multigenerational nicotine exposure affects offspring nicotine metabolism, nicotine-induced hypothermia, and basal corticosterone in a sex-dependent manner. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 85:106972. [PMID: 33727150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parental nicotine exposure can impact phenotypes in unexposed offspring. Our laboratory recently published data showing that nicotine reward and hippocampal gene expression involved in stress pathways were perturbed in F1 offspring of male C57BL/6J mice chronically exposed to nicotine. For the current study, we aimed to further test nicotine and stress-sensitivity phenotypes that may predict vulnerability to nicotine addiction in new cohorts of F1 offspring derived from nicotine-exposed males. We tested locomotor and body temperature sensitivity to acute nicotine administration, serum concentration of nicotine and nicotine metabolites after acute nicotine dosing, and serum corticosterone levels in male and female F1 offspring of nicotine- or saline-exposed males. Paternal nicotine exposure reduced sensitivity to nicotine-induced hypothermia in males, altered nicotine metabolite concentrations in males and females, and reduced serum basal corticosterone levels in females. These findings may point to reduced susceptibility to nicotine addiction-related phenotypes as a result of parental nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Zeid
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Lisa R Goldberg
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Laurel R Seemiller
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sean Mooney-Leber
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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7
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Korwar AM, Hossain A, Lee TJ, Shay AE, Basrur V, Conlon K, Smith PB, Carlson BA, Salis HM, Patterson AD, Prabhu KS. Selenium-dependent metabolic reprogramming during inflammation and resolution. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100410. [PMID: 33581115 PMCID: PMC7966868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace element selenium (Se) is incorporated as the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine, into selenoproteins through tRNA[Ser]Sec. Selenoproteins act as gatekeepers of redox homeostasis and modulate immune function to effect anti-inflammation and resolution. However, mechanistic underpinnings involving metabolic reprogramming during inflammation and resolution remain poorly understood. Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of murine bone marrow–derived macrophages cultured in the presence or absence of Se (as selenite) was used to examine temporal changes in the proteome and metabolome by multiplexed tandem mass tag–quantitative proteomics, metabolomics, and machine-learning approaches. Kinetic deltagram and clustering analysis indicated that addition of Se led to extensive reprogramming of cellular metabolism upon stimulation with LPS enhancing the pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, to aid in the phenotypic transition toward alternatively activated macrophages, synonymous with resolution of inflammation. Remodeling of metabolic pathways and consequent metabolic adaptation toward proresolving phenotypes began with Se treatment at 0 h and became most prominent around 8 h after LPS stimulation that included succinate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate kinase, and sedoheptulokinase. Se-dependent modulation of these pathways predisposed bone marrow–derived macrophages to preferentially increase oxidative phosphorylation to efficiently regulate inflammation and its timely resolution. The use of macrophages lacking selenoproteins indicated that all three metabolic nodes were sensitive to selenoproteome expression. Furthermore, inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase complex with dimethylmalonate affected the proresolving effects of Se by increasing the resolution interval in a murine peritonitis model. In summary, our studies provide novel insights into the role of cellular Se via metabolic reprograming to facilitate anti-inflammation and proresolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind M Korwar
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ayaan Hossain
- Bioinformatics and Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tai-Jung Lee
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, Proteomics Resource Facility, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin Conlon
- Department of Pathology, Proteomics Resource Facility, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Metabolomics Facility, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bradley A Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Howard M Salis
- Bioinformatics and Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Departments of Chemical Engineering, Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Bile acids are important end products of cholesterol metabolism, having been shown to serve as signaling molecules and intermediates between the host and the gut microbiota. Here we describe a robust and accurate method using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the quantification of bile acids in stool/cecal and tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erik L Allman
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Emerging evidence supports that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can impact the interaction between the gut microbiota and host. Recent efforts have characterized the relationship between gut microbiota and environment pollutants suggesting additional research is needed to understand potential new avenues for toxicity. Here, we systematically examined the direct effects of POPs including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-123 and PCB-156) on the microbiota using metatranscriptomics and NMR- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combined with flow cytometry and growth rate measurements (OD600). This study demonstrated that (1) POPs directly and rapidly affect isolated cecal bacterial global metabolism that is associated with significant decreases in microbial metabolic activity; (2) significant changes in cecal bacterial gene expression related to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as well as carbon metabolism, carbon fixation, pyruvate metabolism, and protein export were observed following most POP exposure; (3) six individual bacterial species show variation in lipid metabolism in response to POP exposure; and (4) PCB-153 (non-coplanar)has a greater impact on bacteria than PCB-126 (coplanar) at the metabolic and transcriptional levels. These data provide new insights into the direct role of POPs on gut microbiota and begins to establish possible microbial toxicity endpoints which may help to inform risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert G. Nichols
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,CONTACT Andrew D. Patterson Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA16802, USA
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10
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Dong F, Hao F, Murray IA, Smith PB, Koo I, Tindall AM, Kris-Etherton PM, Gowda K, Amin SG, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-24. [PMID: 32783770 PMCID: PMC7524359 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1788899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbiota-dependent tryptophan catabolism within the gastrointestinal tract is known to exert profound effects upon host physiology, including the maintenance of epithelial barrier and immune function. A number of abundant microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites exhibit activation potential for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Gene expression facilitated by AHR activation through the presence of dietary or microbiota-generated metabolites can influence gastrointestinal homeostasis and confer protection from intestinal challenges. Utilizing untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling, combined with AHR activity screening assays, we identify four previously unrecognized tryptophan metabolites, present in mouse cecal contents and human stool, with the capacity to activate AHR. Using GC/MS and LC/MS platforms, quantification of these novel AHR activators, along with previously established AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites, was achieved, providing a relative order of abundance. Using physiologically relevant concentrations and quantitative gene expression analyses, the relative efficacy of these tryptophan metabolites with regard to mouse or human AHR activation potential is examined. These data reveal indole, 2-oxindole, indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenic acid as the dominant AHR activators in mouse cecal contents and human stool from participants on a controlled diet. Here we provide the first documentation of the relative abundance and AHR activation potential of a panel of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Furthermore, these data reveal the human AHR to be more sensitive, at physiologically relevant concentrations, to tryptophan metabolite activation than mouse AHR. Additionally, correlation analyses indicate a relationship linking major tryptophan metabolite abundance with AHR activity, suggesting these cecal/fecal metabolites represent biomarkers of intestinal AHR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcong Dong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Philip B. Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Tindall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,CONTACT Gary H. Perdew Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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11
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Abstract
Bile acids are potent antibacterial compounds and play an important role in shaping the microbial ecology of the gut. Here, we combined flow cytometry, growth rate measurements (OD600), and NMR- and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to systematically profile the impact of bile acids on the microbiome using in vitro and in vivo models. This study confirmed that (1) unconjugated bile acids possess more potent antibacterial activity than conjugated bile acids; (2) Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to bile acids than Gram-negative bacteria; (3) some probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria such as Clostridium scindens show bile acid resistance that is associated with activation of glycolysis. Moreover, we demonstrated that (4) as one of most hydrophobic bile acids, lithocholic acid (LCA) shows reduced toxicity to bacteria in the cecal microbiome in both in vivo and in vitro models; (5) bile acids directly and rapidly affect bacterial global metabolism including membrane damage, disrupted amino acid, nucleotide, and carbohydrate metabolism; and (6) in vivo, short-term exposure to bile acids significantly affected host metabolism via alterations of the bacterial community structure. This study systematically profiled interactions between bile acids and gut bacteria providing validation of previous observation and new insights into the interaction of bile acids with the microbiome and mechanisms related to bile acid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA,CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erik L. Allman
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert G. Nichols
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA,CONTACT Andrew D. Patterson 322 Life Science Bldg, University Park16802
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12
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Dallefeld SH, Smith PB, Crenshaw EG, Daniel KR, Gilleskie ML, Smith DS, Balevic S, Greenberg RG, Chu V, Clark R, Kumar KR, Zimmerman KO. Comparative safety profile of chloral hydrate versus other sedatives for procedural sedation in hospitalized infants. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2020; 13:159-165. [PMID: 32538879 DOI: 10.3233/npm-190214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the limited available evidence on chloral hydrate safety in neonatal populations and the discrepancy in chloral hydrate acceptance between the US and other countries, we sought to clarify the safety profile of chloral hydrate compared to other sedatives in hospitalized infants. METHODS We included all infants <120 days of life who underwent a minor procedure and were administered chloral hydrate, clonidine, clonazepam, dexmedetomidine, diazepam, ketamine, lorazepam, midazolam, propofol, or pentobarbital on the day of the procedure. We characterized the distribution of infant characteristics and evaluated the relationship between drug administration and any adverse event. We performed propensity score matching, regression adjustment (RA), and inverse probability weighting (IPW) to ensure comparison of similar infants and to account for confounding by indication and residual bias. Results were assessed for robustness to analytical technique by reanalyzing the main outcomes with multivariate logistic regression, a doubly robust IPW with RA model, and a doubly robust augmented IPW model with bias-correction. RESULTS Of 650 infants, 497 (76%) received chloral hydrate, 79 (12%) received midazolam, 54 (8%) received lorazepam, and 15 (2%) received pentobarbital. Adverse events occurred in 41 (6%) infants. Using propensity score matching, chloral hydrate was associated with a decreased risk of an adverse event compared to other sedatives, risk difference (95% confidence interval) of -12.79 (-18.61, -6.98), p < 0.001. All other statistical methods resulted in similar findings. CONCLUSION Administration of chloral hydrate to hospitalized infants undergoing minor procedures is associated with a lower risk for adverse events compared to other sedatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Dallefeld
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - P B Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - E G Crenshaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - K R Daniel
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M L Gilleskie
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D S Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Balevic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R G Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vivian Chu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R Clark
- Pediatrix Medical Group, Inc, Sunrise, FL, USA
| | - K R Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - K O Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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13
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Zhang L, Rimal B, Nichols RG, Tian Y, Smith PB, Hatzakis E, Chang SC, Butenhoff JL, Peters JM, Patterson AD. Perfluorooctane sulfonate alters gut microbiota-host metabolic homeostasis in mice. Toxicology 2020; 431:152365. [PMID: 31926186 PMCID: PMC7032741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent environmental chemical whose biological effects are mediated by multiple mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may be directly impacted by and/or alter the fate and effects of environmental chemicals in the host. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether PFOS influences the gut microbiome and its metabolism, and the host metabolome. Four groups of male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a diet with or without 0.003 %, 0.006 %, or 0.012 % PFOS, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolomic, and molecular analyses were used to examine the gut microbiota of mice after dietary PFOS exposure. Dietary PFOS exposure caused a marked change in the gut microbiome compared to controls. Dietary PFOS also caused dose-dependent changes in hepatic metabolic pathways including those involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, TCA cycle, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. Changes in the metabolome correlated with changes in genes that regulate these pathways. Integrative analyses also demonstrated a strong correlation between the alterations in microbiota composition and host metabolic profiles induced by PFOS. Further, using isolated mouse cecal contents, PFOS exposure directly affected the gut microbiota metabolism. Results from these studies demonstrate that the molecular and biochemical changes induced by PFOS are mediated in part by the gut microbiome, which alters gene expression and the host metabolome in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert G Nichols
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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14
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Tian Y, Gui W, Smith PB, Koo I, Murray IA, Cantorna MT, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Isolation and Identification of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulators in White Button Mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus). J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:9286-9294. [PMID: 31339733 PMCID: PMC7896426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) ligands have been identified in food and herbal medicines, and they may exhibit beneficial activity in humans. In this study, white button (WB) feeding significantly decreased AHR target gene expression in the small intestine of both conventional and germ-free mice. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with an AHR-responsive cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay were used to isolate and characterize benzothiazole (BT) derivatives and 6-methylisoquinoline (6-MIQ) as AHR modulators from WB mushrooms. The study showed dose-dependent changes of AHR transformation determined by the cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay and transcription of CYP1A1 in human Caco-2 cells by BT derivatives and 6-MIQ. These findings suggested that WB mushroom contains new classes of natural AHR modulators and demonstrated HPLC fractionation and UHPLC-MS/MS combined with a cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay as a useful approach for isolation and characterization of the previously unidentifed AHR modulators from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Margherita T. Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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15
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Muku GE, Blazanin N, Dong F, Smith PB, Thiboutot D, Gowda K, Amin S, Murray IA, Perdew GH. Selective Ah receptor ligands mediate enhanced SREBP1 proteolysis to restrict lipogenesis in sebocytes. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:146-158. [PMID: 31225620 PMCID: PMC6736396 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced toxicity that can lead to chloracne in humans. A characteristic of chloracne, in contrast to acne vulgaris, is shrinkage or loss of sebaceous glands. Acne vulgaris, on the other hand, is often accompanied by excessive sebum production. Here, we examined the role of AHR in lipid synthesis in human sebocytes using distinct classes of AHR ligands. Modulation of AHR activity attenuated the expression of lipogenic genes and key pro-inflammatory markers in the absence of canonical DRE-driven transcription of the AHR target gene CYP1A1. Furthermore, topical treatment with TCDD, which mediates DRE-dependent activity, and SGA360, which fails to induce DRE-mediated responses, both exhibited a decrease in the size of sebaceous glands and the number of sebocytes within each gland in the skin. To elucidate the mechanism of AHR-mediated repression of lipid synthesis, we demonstrated that selective AHR modulators, SGA360 and SGA315 increased the protein turnover of the mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein (mSREBP-1), the principal transcriptional regulator of the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Interestingly, selective AHR ligand treatment significantly activated the AMPK-dependent kinase (AMPK) in sebocytes. Moreover, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between the active AMPK and the mSREBP-1 protein, which is consistent with the previously reported role of AMPK in inhibiting cleavage of SREBP-1. Overall, our findings indicate a DRE-independent function of selective AHR ligands in modulating lipid synthesis in human sebocytes, which might raise the possibility of using AHR as a therapeutic target for treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum E Muku
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Blazanin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fangcong Dong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Diane Thiboutot
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology or Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology or Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Hubbard TD, Liu Q, Murray IA, Dong F, Miller C, Smith PB, Gowda K, Lin JM, Amin S, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Microbiota Metabolism Promotes Synthesis of the Human Ah Receptor Agonist 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1715-1724. [PMID: 30777439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a major regulator of immune function within the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbiota are capable of influencing AHR-dependent signaling pathways via production of an array of bioactive molecules that act as AHR agonists, such as indole or indole-3-aldehyde. Bacteria produce a number of quinoline derivatives, of which some function as quorum-sensing molecules. Thus, we screened relevant hydroxyquinoline derivatives for AHR activity using AHR responsive reporter cell lines. 2,8-Dihydroxyquinoline (2,8-DHQ) was identified as a species-specific AHR agonist that exhibits full AHR agonist activity in human cell lines, but only induces modest AHR activity in mouse cells. Additional dihydroxylated quinolines tested failed to activate the human AHR. Nanomolar concentrations of 2,8-DHQ significantly induced CYP1A1 expression and, upon cotreatment with cytokines, synergistically induced IL6 expression. Ligand binding competition studies subsequently confirmed 2,8-DHQ to be a human AHR ligand. Several dihydroxyquinolines were detected in human fecal samples, with concentrations of 2,8-DHQ ranging between 0 and 3.4 pmol/mg feces. Additionally, in mice the microbiota was necessary for the presence of DHQ in cecal contents. These results suggest that microbiota-derived 2,8-DHQ would contribute to AHR activation in the human gut, and thus participate in the protective and homeostatic effects observed with gastrointestinal AHR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles Miller
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences , Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , New Orleans , Louisiana 70112 , United States
| | | | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
| | - Jyh Ming Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
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17
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Ku LC, Simmons C, Smith PB, Greenberg RG, Fisher K, Hornik CD, Cotten CM, Goldberg RN, Bidegain M. Intranasal midazolam and fentanyl for procedural sedation and analgesia in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2019; 12:143-148. [PMID: 30562908 DOI: 10.3233/npm-17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intranasal route is a minimally invasive method for rapidly delivering midazolam and fentanyl to provide short-term analgesia and sedation in infants. However, intranasal use of midazolam and fentanyl is not labeled for infants and safety data are sparse. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of intranasal midazolam and intranasal fentanyl in infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). METHODS We retrospectively identified all infants receiving intranasal midazolam or fentanyl in the NICU from 2009 to 2015. We recorded indication for use and vital signs and determined the proportion of infants experiencing the following adverse events: death within 24 hours, hypotension, bradycardia, worsening respiratory status, and chest wall rigidity. Vital signs 4 hours before and after each dose were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS We identified 17 infants (gestational ages 23- 41 weeks) receiving 25 intranasal doses. None of the infants died or developed hypotension, bradycardia, or chest wall rigidity. Intranasal delivery was most commonly used for sedation during magnetic resonance imaging studies. Other indications include analgesia or sedation for retinopathy of prematurity surgery, intubation, and peripherally inserted central catheter placement. One infant receiving intranasal midazolam experienced worsening respiratory status. Vital signs before and after dosing were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal midazolam and fentanyl use in term and preterm infants appeared safe and well-tolerated in this small cohort of infants. Larger, prospective studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of intranasal midazolam and fentanyl use in infants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - P B Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R G Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - K Fisher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C D Hornik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Michael Cotten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R N Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Jean and George Brumley Jr. Neonatal Perinatal Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Bidegain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Cai J, Nichols RG, Koo I, Kalikow ZA, Zhang L, Tian Y, Zhang J, Smith PB, Patterson AD. Multiplatform Physiologic and Metabolic Phenotyping Reveals Microbial Toxicity. mSystems 2018; 3:e00123-18. [PMID: 30417115 PMCID: PMC6222046 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00123-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is susceptible to modulation by environmental stimuli and therefore can serve as a biological sensor. Recent evidence suggests that xenobiotics can disrupt the interaction between the microbiota and host. Here, we describe an approach that combines in vitro microbial incubation (isolated cecal contents from mice), flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry- and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics to evaluate xenobiotic-induced microbial toxicity. Tempol, a stabilized free radical scavenger known to remodel the microbial community structure and function in vivo, was studied to assess its direct effect on the gut microbiota. The microbiota was isolated from mouse cecum and was exposed to tempol for 4 h under strict anaerobic conditions. The flow cytometry data suggested that short-term tempol exposure to the microbiota is associated with disrupted membrane physiology as well as compromised metabolic activity. Mass spectrometry and NMR metabolomics revealed that tempol exposure significantly disrupted microbial metabolic activity, specifically indicated by changes in short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, amino acids, nucleotides, glucose, and oligosaccharides. In addition, a mouse study with tempol (5 days gavage) showed similar microbial physiologic and metabolic changes, indicating that the in vitro approach reflected in vivo conditions. Our results, through evaluation of microbial viability, physiology, and metabolism and a comparison of in vitro and in vivo exposures with tempol, suggest that physiologic and metabolic phenotyping can provide unique insight into gut microbiota toxicity. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota is modulated physiologically, compositionally, and metabolically by xenobiotics, potentially causing metabolic consequences to the host. We recently reported that tempol, a stabilized free radical nitroxide, can exert beneficial effects on the host through modulation of the microbiome community structure and function. Here, we investigated a multiplatform phenotyping approach that combines high-throughput global metabolomics with flow cytometry to evaluate the direct effect of tempol on the microbiota. This approach may be useful in deciphering how other xenobiotics directly influence the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cai
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert G. Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary A. Kalikow
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Metabolomics Facility, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Abstract
![]()
The constitutive androstane receptor
(CAR; NR1I3) contributes important
regulatory roles in biotransformation, xenobiotic transport function,
energy metabolism and lipid homeostasis. In this investigation, global
serum and liver tissue metabolomes were assessed analytically in wild
type and CAR-null transgenic mice using NMR, GC–MS and UPLC–MS/MS-based
metabolomics. Significantly, CAR activation increased serum levels
of fatty acids, lactate, ketone bodies and tricarboxylic acid cycle
products, whereas levels of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, amino
acids and liver glucose were decreased following short-term activation
of CAR. Mechanistically, quantitative mRNA analysis demonstrated significantly
decreased expression of key gluconeogenic pathways, and increased
expression of glucose utilization pathways, changes likely resulting
from down-regulation of the hepatic glucose sensor and bidirectional
transporter, Glut2. Short-term CAR activation also
resulted in enhanced fatty acid synthesis and impaired β-oxidation.
In summary, CAR contributes an expansive role regulating energy metabolism,
significantly impacting glucose and monocarboxylic acid utilization,
fatty acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis, through receptor-mediated
regulation of several genes in multiple associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Chen
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States.,Department of Pathology , Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
| | - Denise M Coslo
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Tao Chen
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States.,CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Yuan Tian
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Curtis J Omiecinski
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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20
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Nichols RG, Cai J, Murray IA, Koo I, Smith PB, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Structural and Functional Analysis of the Gut Microbiome for Toxicologists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 78:e54. [PMID: 30230220 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the reciprocal interactions between toxicants, the gut microbiota, and the host, holds great promise for improving our mechanistic understanding of toxic endpoints. Advances in culture-independent sequencing analysis (e.g., 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) combined with quantitative metabolite profiling (i.e., metabolomics) have provided new ways of studying the gut microbiome and have begun to illuminate how toxicants influence the structure and function of the gut microbiome. Developing a standardized protocol is important for establishing robust, reproducible, and importantly, comparative data. This protocol can be used as a foundation for examining the gut microbiome via sequencing-based analysis and metabolomics. Two main units follow: (1) analysis of the gut microbiome via sequencing-based approaches; and (2) functional analysis of the gut microbiome via metabolomics. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Iain A Murray
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip B Smith
- Metabolomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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21
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Cheema M, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Hristov A, Harte FM. The association of lipophilic phospholipids with native bovine casein micelles in skim milk: Effect of lactation stage and casein micelle size. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8672-8687. [PMID: 30031576 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A known biological role of casein micelles is to transport calcium from mother to young and provide amino acids for growth and development. Previous reports demonstrated that modified casein micelles can be used to transport and deliver hydrophobic probes. In this study, the distribution of lipid-soluble phospholipids, including sphingomyelins (SM) and phosphatidylcholines (PC), was quantified in whole raw milk, skim raw milk, and casein micelles of various sizes during early, mid, and late lactation stages. Low-pressure size exclusion chromatography was used to separate casein micelles by size, followed by hydrophobic extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantification of PC and SM. Results showed that the SM d18:1/23:0, d18:1/22:0, d18:1/16:0, d16:1/22:0, d16:1/23:0, and d18:1/24:0 and the PC 16:0/18:1, 18:0/18:2, and 16:0/16:0 were dominating candidates appearing in maximum concentration in whole raw milk obtained from late lactation, with 21 to 50% of total SM and 16 to 35% of total PC appearing in skim milk. Of the total SM and PC found in skim milk, 35 to 46% of SM and 22 to 29% of PC were associated with the casein micelle fraction. The highest concentrations of SM d18:1/22:0 (341 ± 17 µg/g of casein protein) and PC 16:0/18:1 (180 ± 20 µg/g of casein protein) were found to be associated with the largest casein micelles (diameter = 149 nm) isolated in milk from late lactation, followed by a decrease in concentration as the casein micelle size decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cheema
- Department of Food Science, University Park 16802
| | - P B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, University Park 16802
| | - A D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University Park 16802
| | - A Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - F M Harte
- Department of Food Science, University Park 16802.
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22
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Belton K, Tian Y, Zhang L, Anitha M, Smith PB, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Metabolomics Reveals Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Induces Liver and Mammary Gland Metabolic Dysfunction in Lactating Mice. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1375-1382. [PMID: 29521512 PMCID: PMC5898790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The liver and the mammary gland have complementary metabolic roles during lactation. Substrates synthesized by the liver are released into the circulation and are taken up by the mammary gland for milk production. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been identified as a lactation regulator in mice, and its activation has been associated with myriad morphological, molecular, and functional defects such as stunted gland development, decreased milk production, and changes in gene expression. In this study, we identified adverse metabolic changes in the lactation network (mammary, liver, and serum) associated with AHR activation using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Pregnant mice expressing Ahr d (low affinity) or Ahr b (high affinity) were fed diets containing beta naphthoflavone (BNF), a potent AHR agonist. Mammary, serum, and liver metabolomics analysis identified significant changes in lipid and TCA cycle intermediates in the Ahr b mice. We observed decreased amino acid and glucose levels in the mammary gland extracts of Ahr b mice fed BNF. The serum of BNF fed Ahr b mice had significant changes in LDL/VLDL (increased) and HDL, PC, and GPC (decreased). Quantitative PCR analysis revealed ∼50% reduction in the expression of key lactogenesis mammary genes including whey acid protein, α-lactalbumin, and β-casein. We also observed morphologic and developmental disruptions in the mammary gland that are consistent with previous reports. Our observations support that AHR activity contributes to metabolism regulation in the lactation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry
R. Belton
- Department
of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department
of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological
Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and
Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan,
Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department
of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological
Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and
Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan,
Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Mallappa Anitha
- Department
of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Metabolomics
Facility, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department
of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department
of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center
for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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23
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Pekny JE, Smith PB, Marden JH. Enzyme polymorphism, oxygen and injury: a lipidomic analysis of flight-induced oxidative damage in a succinate dehydrogenase d ( Sdhd)-polymorphic insect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.171009. [PMID: 29444838 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.171009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
When active tissues receive insufficient oxygen to meet metabolic demand, succinate accumulates and has two fundamental effects: it causes ischemia-reperfusion injury while also activating the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway (HIF). The Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) possesses a balanced polymorphism in Sdhd, shown previously to affect HIF pathway activation and tracheal morphology and used here to experimentally test the hypothesis that variation in succinate dehydrogenase affects oxidative injury. We stimulated butterflies to fly continuously in a respirometer (3 min duration), which typically caused episodes of exhaustion and recovery, suggesting a potential for cellular injury from hypoxia and reoxygenation in flight muscles. Indeed, flight muscle from butterflies flown on consecutive days had lipidome profiles similar to those of rested paraquat-injected butterflies, but distinct from those of rested untreated butterflies. Many butterflies showed a decline in flight metabolic rate (FMR) on day 2, and there was a strong inverse relationship between the ratio of day 2 to day 1 FMR and the abundance of sodiated adducts of phosphatidylcholines and co-enzyme Q (CoQ). This result is consistent with elevation of sodiated lipids caused by disrupted intracellular ion homeostasis in mammalian tissues after hypoxia-reperfusion. Butterflies carrying the Sdhd M allele had a higher abundance of lipid markers of cellular damage, but the association was reversed in field-collected butterflies, where focal individuals typically flew for seconds at a time rather than continuously. These results indicate that Glanville fritillary flight muscles can be injured by episodes of high exertion, but injury severity appears to be determined by an interaction between SDH genotype and behavior (prolonged versus intermittent flight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne E Pekny
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - James H Marden
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA .,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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24
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Bora SA, Kennett MJ, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Cantorna MT. The Gut Microbiota Regulates Endocrine Vitamin D Metabolism through Fibroblast Growth Factor 23. Front Immunol 2018; 9:408. [PMID: 29599772 PMCID: PMC5863497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of the microbiota on vitamin D metabolism, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25D), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) were measured in germ-free (GF) mice before and after conventionalization (CN). GF mice had low levels of 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D and were hypocalcemic. CN of the GF mice with microbiota, for 2 weeks recovered 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D levels. Females had more 25D and 24,25D than males both as GF mice and after CN. Introducing a limited number of commensals (eight commensals) increased 25D and 24,25D to the same extent as CN. Monocolonization with the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium increased 25D and 24,25D, but the values only increased after 4 weeks of C. rodentium colonization when inflammation resolved. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 was extremely high in GF mice. CN resulted in an increase in TNF-α expression in the colon 2 days after CN that coincided with a reduction in FGF23 by 3 days that eventually normalized 25D, 24,25D, 1,25D at 1-week post-CN and reinstated calcium homeostasis. Neutralization of FGF23 in GF mice raised 1,25D, without CN, demonstrating that the high FGF23 levels were responsible for the low calcium and 1,25D in GF mice. The microbiota induce inflammation in the GF mice that inhibits FGF23 to eventually reinstate homeostasis that includes increased 25D, 24,25D, and 1,25D levels. The microbiota through FGF23 regulates vitamin D metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bora
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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25
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Bora SA, Kennett MJ, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Cantorna MT. Regulation of vitamin D metabolism following disruption of the microbiota using broad spectrum antibiotics. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:65-73. [PMID: 29459310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D, 25hydroxyvitamin D (25D), and 24,25dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25D) were measured before and after broad spectrum antibiotic (Abx) treatment for 2 wks. Abx treatments increased 25D and 24,25D levels suggesting that the microbiota or Abx were altering vitamin D metabolism. Increased 25D, but not 24,25D, following Abx treatments were found to be dependent on toll like receptor signaling. Conversely, the effects of Abx on 24,25D levels required that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) be expressed in tissues outside of the hematopoietic system (kidney) and not the immune system. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 increased following Abx treatment and the effect of Abx treatment on FGF23 (like the effect on 24,25D) was not present in VDR knockout (KO) mice. The Abx mediated increase in 24,25D was due to changes to the endocrine regulation of vitamin D metabolism. Conversely, 25D levels went up with Abx treatment of the VDR KO mice. Host sensing of microbial signals regulates the levels of 25D in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bora
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip B Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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26
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Cai J, Zhang J, Tian Y, Zhang L, Hatzakis E, Krausz KW, Smith PB, Gonzalez FJ, Patterson AD. Orthogonal Comparison of GC-MS and 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Short Chain Fatty Acid Quantitation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7900-7906. [PMID: 28650151 PMCID: PMC6334302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important regulators of host physiology and metabolism and may contribute to obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Interest in SCFAs has increased in part due to the recognized importance of how production of SCFAs by the microbiota may signal to the host. Therefore, reliable, reproducible, and affordable methods for SCFA profiling are required for accurate identification and quantitation. In the current study, four different methods for SCFA (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) extraction and quantitation were compared using two independent platforms including gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sensitivity, recovery, repeatability, matrix effect, and validation using mouse fecal samples were determined across all methods. The GC-MS propyl esterification method exhibited superior sensitivity for acetic acid and butyric acid measurement (LOD < 0.01 μg mL-1, LOQ < 0.1 μg mL-1) and recovery accuracy (99.4%-108.3% recovery rate for 100 μg mL-1 SCFA mixed standard spike in and 97.8%-101.8% recovery rate for 250 μg mL-1 SCFAs mixed standard spike in). NMR methods by either quantitation relative to an internal standard or quantitation using a calibration curve yielded better repeatability and minimal matrix effects compared to GC-MS methods. All methods generated good calibration curve linearity (R2 > 0.99) and comparable measurement of fecal SCFA concentration. Lastly, these methods were used to quantitate fecal SCFAs obtained from conventionally raised (CONV-R) and germ free (GF) mice. Results from global metabolomic analysis of feces generated by 1H NMR and bomb calorimetry were used to further validate these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cai
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Metabolomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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27
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McGonigal MK, Wilhide JA, Smith PB, Elliott NM, Dorman FL. Analysis of synthetic phenethylamine street drugs using direct sample analysis coupled to accurate mass time of flight mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 275:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Huang KH, Hao L, Smith PB, Rogers CJ, Patterson AD, Ross AC. Lipid Emulsion Added to a Liquid High-Carbohydrate Diet and Voluntary Running Exercise Reduce Lipogenesis and Ameliorate Early-Stage Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. J Nutr 2017; 147:746-753. [PMID: 28298542 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.245951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of parenteral nutrition formulas is often associated with the development of hepatic steatosis. We have shown previously that the addition of a lipid emulsion (LE) rich in n-6 (ω-6) fatty acids (FAs) ameliorated triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the livers of nonobese mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 5 wk. However, it remains unclear how rapidly this condition develops and whether it can be prevented by LE with or without a running wheel for voluntary exercise (Exe).Objective: We investigated in an 8-d study whether mice develop steatosis and whether the administration of LE with or without Exe reduces the concentration of total FAs and prevents an increase in the expression of genes in the liver associated with lipogenesis.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice aged 5 wk were randomized into 5 groups: standard feed pellet (SFP); a liquid HCD (77% of total energy from carbohydrates and 0.5% from fat); HCD + Exe; HCD + 13.5% LE (67% carbohydrates and 13.5% fat); or HCD + 13.5% LE + Exe. Hepatic TG concentration, lipogenic genes, and total FAs were measured on day 8.Results: Oil Red O staining and TG quantification showed hepatic TG accumulation on day 8; the addition of 13.5% LE either with or without Exe suppressed the TG accumulation compared with HCD (P < 0.005). With the use of quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the expression concentrations of lipogenic genes [ATP-citrate lyase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1, FA synthase (Fasn), and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1)] in the HCD + 13.5% LE group were 26-60% of HCD (P < 0.01) and 11-38% of HCD in the HCD + 13.5% LE + Exe group (P < 0.001), with interactions for Fasn and Scd1 (P < 0.05). With the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the HCD + 13.5% LE group had lower monounsaturated fatty acids (38.7% of HCD) but higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (164% of HCD) (P < 0.001).Conclusions: In short-term studies designed to resemble the early dynamic stage of the development of hepatic steatosis, the addition of 13.5% LE to a liquid HCD reduced hepatic lipogenesis. Exe exerted an independent protective effect and interacted with LE to further reduce the expression of Scd1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Hao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | | | | | - Andrew D Patterson
- Metabolomics Facility.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, and
| | - A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, .,Center for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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29
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Abstract
Infant delirium is an under-recognized clinical entity in neonatal intensive care, and earlier identification and treatment could minimize morbidities associated with this condition. We describe a case of a 6-month-old former 32 weeks gestation infant undergoing a prolonged mechanical ventilation course diagnosed with delirium related to the combination of his underlying illness and the use of multiple sedative and analgesic medications. Initiation of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone allowed for weaning from continuous infusions of benzodiazepines and opiods, and lower dosages of bolus-dosed sedation and analgesics. The patient experienced no adverse side effects from use of this neuroleptic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L B Hutchison
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C D Hornik
- Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - P B Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C M Cotten
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Bidegain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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30
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Abstract
The drug metabolism field has long recognized the beneficial and sometimes deleterious influence of microbiota in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Early pioneering work with the sulfanilamide precursor prontosil pointed toward the necessity not only to better understand the metabolic capabilities of the microbiota but also, importantly, to identify the specific microbiota involved in the generation and metabolism of drugs. However, technological limitations important for cataloging the microbiota community as well as for understanding and/or predicting their metabolic capabilities hindered progress. Current advances including mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling as well as culture-independent sequence-based identification and functional analysis of microbiota have begun to shed light on microbial metabolism. In this review, case studies will be presented to highlight key aspects (e.g., microbiota identification, metabolic function and prediction, metabolite identification, and profiling) that have helped to clarify how the microbiota might impact or be impacted by drug metabolism. Lastly, a perspective of the future of this field is presented that takes into account what important knowledge is lacking and how to tackle these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nicole E Hume
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Philip B Smith
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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31
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Zhang L, Krishnan P, Ehresman DJ, Smith PB, Dutta M, Bagley BD, Chang SC, Butenhoff JL, Patterson AD, Peters JM. Editor's Highlight: Perfluorooctane Sulfonate-Choline Ion Pair Formation: A Potential Mechanism Modulating Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:186-97. [PMID: 27413108 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-induced steatosis remain unclear. The hypothesis that PFOS causes steatosis and other hepatic effects by forming an ion pair with choline was examined. C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet or a marginal methionine/choline-deficient (mMCD) diet, with and without 0.003, 0.006, or 0.012% potassium PFOS. Dietary PFOS caused a dose-dependent decrease in body weight, and increases in the relative liver weight, hepatic triglyceride concentration and serum markers of liver toxicity and oxidative stress. Some of these effects were exacerbated in mice fed the mMCD diet supplemented with 0.012% PFOS compared with those fed the control diet supplemented with 0.012% PFOS. Surprisingly, serum PFOS concentrations were higher while liver PFOS concentrations were lower in mMCD-fed mice compared with corresponding control-fed mice. To determine if supplemental dietary choline could prevent PFOS-induced hepatic effects, C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet, or a choline supplemental diet (1.2%) with or without 0.003% PFOS. Lipidomic analysis demonstrated that PFOS caused alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism in the PFOS-fed mice compared with controls, and supplemental dietary choline prevented these PFOS-induced changes. Interestingly, dietary choline supplementation also prevented PFOS-induced oxidative damage. These studies are the first to suggest that PFOS may cause hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress by effectively reducing the choline required for hepatic VLDL production and export by forming an ion pair with choline, and suggest that choline supplementation may prevent and/or treat PFOS-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- *Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Prasad Krishnan
- *Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | | | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Mainak Dutta
- *Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | | | | | | | - Andrew D Patterson
- *Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- *Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Dutta M, Anitha M, Smith PB, Chiaro CR, Maan M, Chaudhury K, Patterson AD. Metabolomics Reveals Altered Lipid Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Endometriosis. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2626-33. [PMID: 27246581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common chronic estrogen-dependent gynecological disease affecting 10% of women in their reproductive age. It is characterized by proliferation of functional endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. In the present study, we used mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to investigate the alterations in serum lipid profiles of mice induced with endometriosis. We identified several dysregulated lipids such as phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethanolamines, and triglycerides and show that triglycerides may be due to a general inflammatory condition in the peritoneum. We also show that in addition to phosphatidylcholine alteration, there is also an effect in the ratio of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine in serum of mice induced with the disease and that this change may be due to increased expression of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene. The study provides new insight into the etiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Dutta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | | | | | | | - Meenu Maan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Phillips BE, Geletzke AK, Smith PB, Podany AB, Chacon A, Kelleher SL, Patterson AD, Soybel DI. Impaired recovery from peritoneal inflammation in a mouse model of mild dietary zinc restriction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:672-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip B. Smith
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; University Park PA USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences; University Park PA USA
| | | | | | - Shannon L. Kelleher
- Departments of Surgery; Hershey PA USA
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Hershey PA USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; University Park PA USA
- Molecular Toxicology; University Park PA USA
| | - David I. Soybel
- Departments of Surgery; Hershey PA USA
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Hershey PA USA
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Soo VWC, McAnulty MJ, Tripathi A, Zhu F, Zhang L, Hatzakis E, Smith PB, Agrawal S, Nazem-Bokaee H, Gopalakrishnan S, Salis HM, Ferry JG, Maranas CD, Patterson AD, Wood TK. Reversing methanogenesis to capture methane for liquid biofuel precursors. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:11. [PMID: 26767617 PMCID: PMC4714516 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Energy from remote methane reserves is transformative; however, unintended release of this potent greenhouse gas makes it imperative to convert methane efficiently into more readily transported biofuels. No pure microbial culture that grows on methane anaerobically has been isolated, despite that methane capture through anaerobic processes is more efficient than aerobic ones. Results Here we engineered the archaeal methanogen Methanosarcina acetivorans to grow anaerobically on methane as a pure culture and to convert methane into the biofuel precursor acetate. To capture methane, we cloned the enzyme methyl-coenzyme M reductase (Mcr) from an unculturable organism, anaerobic methanotrophic archaeal population 1 (ANME-1) from a Black Sea mat, into M. acetivorans to effectively run methanogenesis in reverse. Starting with low-density inocula, M. acetivorans cells producing ANME-1 Mcr consumed up to 9 ± 1 % of methane (corresponding to 109 ± 12 µmol of methane) after 6 weeks of anaerobic growth on methane and utilized 10 mM FeCl3 as an electron acceptor. Accordingly, increases in cell density and total protein were observed as cells grew on methane in a biofilm on solid FeCl3. When incubated on methane for 5 days, high-densities of ANME-1 Mcr-producing M. acetivorans cells consumed 15 ± 2 % methane (corresponding to 143 ± 16 µmol of methane), and produced 10.3 ± 0.8 mM acetate (corresponding to 52 ± 4 µmol of acetate). We further confirmed the growth on methane and acetate production using 13C isotopic labeling of methane and bicarbonate coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, as well as RNA sequencing. Conclusions We anticipate that our metabolically-engineered strain will provide insights into how methane is cycled in the environment by Archaea as well as will possibly be utilized to convert remote sources of methane into more easily transported biofuels via acetate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0397-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie W C Soo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Michael J McAnulty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Arti Tripathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Fayin Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA. .,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Philip B Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, 0632, New Zealand.
| | - Hadi Nazem-Bokaee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Saratram Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Howard M Salis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - James G Ferry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Costas D Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
| | - Thomas K Wood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802-4400, USA.
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Cai J, Zhang L, Jones RA, Correll JB, Hatzakis E, Smith PB, Gonzalez FJ, Patterson AD. Antioxidant Drug Tempol Promotes Functional Metabolic Changes in the Gut Microbiota. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:563-71. [PMID: 26696396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified the important role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The antioxidant tempol was shown to prevent or reduce weight gain and modulate the gut microbiota community in mice; however, the mechanism by which tempol modulates weight gain/loss with respect to the host and gut microbiota has not been clearly established. Here we show that tempol (0, 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg p.o. for 5 days) decreased cecal bacterial fermentation and increased fecal energy excretion in a dose-dependent manner. Liver (1)H NMR-based metabolomics identified a dose-dependent decrease in glycogen and glucose, enhanced glucogenic and ketogenic activity (tyrosine and phenylalanine), and increased activation of the glycolysis pathway. Serum (1)H NMR-based metabolomics indicated that tempol promotes enhanced glucose catabolism. Hepatic gene expression was significantly altered as demonstrated by an increase in Pepck and G6pase and a decrease in Hnf4a, ChREBP, Fabp1, and Cd36 mRNAs. No significant change in the liver and serum metabolomic profiles was observed in germ-free mice, thus establishing a significant role for the gut microbiota in mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of tempol. These results demonstrate that tempol modulates the gut microbial community and its function, resulting in reduced host energy availability and a significant shift in liver metabolism toward a more catabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cai
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Richard A Jones
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jared B Correll
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Philip B Smith
- Metabolomics Facility, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Zhang L, Hatzakis E, Nichols RG, Hao R, Correll J, Smith PB, Chiaro CR, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Metabolomics Reveals that Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation by Environmental Chemicals Induces Systemic Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:8067-77. [PMID: 26023891 PMCID: PMC4890155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds poses a significant health risk for human health. Developing a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is likely to improve the reliability of risk assessment. In this study, the AHR-dependent metabolic response of mice exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) was assessed using global (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics and targeted metabolite profiling of extracts obtained from serum and liver. (1)H NMR analyses revealed that TCDF exposure suppressed gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, stimulated lipogenesis, and triggered inflammatory gene expression in an Ahr-dependent manner. Targeted analyses using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry showed TCDF treatment altered the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids. Consistent with this observation, an increase in hepatic expression of stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 was observed. In addition, TCDF exposure resulted in inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis manifested by down-regulation of acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and palmitoyl-CoA metabolites and related mRNA levels. In contrast, no significant changes in the levels of glucose and lipid were observed in serum and liver obtained from Ahr-null mice following TCDF treatment, thus strongly supporting the important role of the AHR in mediating the metabolic effects seen following TCDF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Robert G. Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Ruixin Hao
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Jared Correll
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Metabolomics Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher R. Chiaro
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Address: 322 Life Sciences Building, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; USA, Phone: 8148674565; Fax:
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Zhang L, Nichols RG, Correll J, Murray IA, Tanaka N, Smith PB, Hubbard TD, Sebastian A, Albert I, Hatzakis E, Gonzalez FJ, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Persistent Organic Pollutants Modify Gut Microbiota-Host Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:679-88. [PMID: 25768209 PMCID: PMC4492271 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alteration of the gut microbiota through diet and environmental contaminants may disturb physiological homeostasis, leading to various diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Because most exposure to environmentally persistent organic pollutants (POPs) occurs through the diet, the host gastrointestinal tract and commensal gut microbiota are likely to be exposed to POPs. OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), a persistent environmental contaminant, on gut microbiota and host metabolism, and we examined correlations between gut microbiota composition and signaling pathways. METHODS Six-week-old male wild-type and Ahr-/- mice on the C57BL/6J background were treated with 24 μg/kg TCDF in the diet for 5 days. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triplequadrupole mass spectrometry, and biochemical assays to determine the microbiota compositions and the physiological and metabolic effects of TCDF. RESULTS Dietary TCDF altered the gut microbiota by shifting the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. TCDF-treated mouse cecal contents were enriched with Butyrivibrio spp. but depleted in Oscillobacter spp. compared with vehicle-treated mice. These changes in the gut microbiota were associated with altered bile acid metabolism. Further, dietary TCDF inhibited the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway, triggered significant inflammation and host metabolic disorders as a result of activation of bacterial fermentation, and altered hepatic lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis in an AHR-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the biochemical consequences of TCDF exposure involving the alteration of the gut microbiota, modulation of nuclear receptor signaling, and disruption of host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Younge N, Smith PB, Goldberg RN, Brandon DH, Simmons C, Cotten CM, Bidegain M. Impact of a palliative care program on end-of-life care in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol 2015; 35:218-22. [PMID: 25341195 PMCID: PMC4491914 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate changes in end-of-life care following initiation of a palliative care program in a neonatal intensive care unit. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study comparing infant deaths before and after implementation of a Palliative Care Program comprised of medication guidelines, an individualized order set, a nursing care plan and staff education. RESULT Eighty-two infants died before (Era 1) and 68 infants died after implementation of the program (Era 2). Morphine use was similar (88% vs 81%; P =0.17), whereas benzodiazepines use increased in Era 2 (26% vs 43%; P=0.03). Withdrawal of life support (73% vs 63%; P=0.17) and do-not-resuscitate orders (46% vs 53%; P=0.42) were similar. Do-not-resuscitate orders and family meetings were more frequent among Era 2 infants with activated palliative care orders (n=21) compared with infants without activated orders (n=47). CONCLUSION End-of-life family meetings and benzodiazepine use increased following implementation of our program, likely reflecting adherence to guidelines and improved communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Younge
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - P B Smith
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R N Goldberg
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D H Brandon
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Simmons
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C M Cotten
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Bidegain
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Tanaka N, Takahashi S, Zhang Y, Krausz KW, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Gonzalez FJ. Role of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the early stage of NASH induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1242-52. [PMID: 25736301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a modulator of energy homeostasis and is increased in human nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and after feeding of methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD), a conventional inducer of murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the significance of FGF21 induction in the occurrence of MCD-induced NASH remains undetermined. C57BL/6J Fgf21-null and wild-type mice were treated with MCD for 1 week. Hepatic Fgf21 mRNA was increased early after commencing MCD treatment independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and farnesoid X receptor. While no significant differences in white adipose lipolysis were seen in both genotypes, hepatic triglyceride (TG) contents were increased in Fgf21-null mice, likely due to the up-regulation of genes encoding CD36 and phosphatidic acid phosphatase 2a/2c, involved in fatty acid (FA) uptake and diacylglycerol synthesis, respectively, and suppression of increased mRNAs encoding carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase 1α, PPARγ coactivator 1α, and adipose TG lipase, which are associated with lipid clearance in the liver. The MCD-treated Fgf21-null mice showed increased hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Exposure of primary hepatocytes to palmitic acid elevated the mRNA levels encoding DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, an indicator of ER stress, and FGF21 in a PPARα-independent manner, suggesting that lipid-induced ER stress can enhance hepatic FGF21 expression. Collectively, FGF21 is elevated in the early stage of MCD-induced NASH likely to minimize hepatic lipid accumulation and ensuing ER stress. These results provide a possible mechanism on how FGF21 is increased in NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Philip B Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Zhao H, Chiaro CR, Zhang L, Smith PB, Chan CY, Pedley AM, Pugh RJ, French JB, Patterson AD, Benkovic SJ. Quantitative analysis of purine nucleotides indicates that purinosomes increase de novo purine biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6705-13. [PMID: 25605736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway are recruited to form a dynamic metabolic complex referred to as the purinosome. Previous studies have demonstrated that purinosome assembly responds to purine levels in culture medium. Purine-depleted medium or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole (DMAT) treatment stimulates the purinosome assembly in HeLa cells. Here, several metabolomic technologies were applied to quantify the static cellular levels of purine nucleotides and measure the de novo biosynthesis rate of IMP, AMP, and GMP. Direct comparison of purinosome-rich cells (cultured in purine-depleted medium) and normal cells showed a 3-fold increase in IMP concentration in purinosome-rich cells and similar levels of AMP, GMP, and ratios of AMP/GMP and ATP/ADP for both. In addition, a higher level of IMP was also observed in HeLa cells treated with DMAT. Furthermore, increases in the de novo IMP/AMP/GMP biosynthetic flux rate under purine-depleted condition were observed. The synthetic enzymes, adenylosuccinate synthase (ADSS) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), downstream of IMP were also shown to be part of the purinosome. Collectively, these results provide further evidence that purinosome assembly is directly related to activated de novo purine biosynthesis, consistent with the functionality of the purinosome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Limin Zhang
- Metabolomics Facility, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, and the CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China, and
| | - Philip B Smith
- Metabolomics Facility, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, and
| | - Chung Yu Chan
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | | | | | - Jarrod B French
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Metabolomics Facility, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, and
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Geletzke AK, Phillips BE, Smith PB, Podany AB, Kelleher SL, Patterson AD, Soybel DI. Mild Systemic Zinc Imbalance Delays Recovery in a Mouse Model of Surgically-Induced Ileus: Is it Driven by Disturbances in the Cytokine Network or Pro-Inflammatory Components of the Lipidome? J Am Coll Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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de Bekker C, Quevillon LE, Smith PB, Fleming KR, Ghosh D, Patterson AD, Hughes DP. Species-specific ant brain manipulation by a specialized fungal parasite. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:166. [PMID: 25085339 PMCID: PMC4174324 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A compelling demonstration of adaptation by natural selection is the ability
of parasites to manipulate host behavior. One dramatic example involves fungal
species from the genus Ophiocordyceps that
control their ant hosts by inducing a biting behavior. Intensive sampling across
the globe of ants that died after being manipulated by Ophiocordyceps suggests that this phenomenon is highly
species-specific. We advance our understanding of this system by reconstructing
host manipulation by Ophiocordyceps parasites
under controlled laboratory conditions and combining this with field observations
of infection rates and a metabolomics survey. Results We report on a newly discovered species of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato from North America that we
use to address the species-specificity of Ophiocordyceps-induced manipulation of ant behavior. We show that
the fungus can kill all ant species tested, but only manipulates the behavior of
those it infects in nature. To investigate if this could be explained at the
molecular level, we used ex vivo culturing
assays to measure the metabolites that are secreted by the fungus to mediate
fungus-ant tissue interactions. We show the fungus reacts heterogeneously to
brains of different ant species by secreting a different array of metabolites. By
determining which ion peaks are significantly enriched when the fungus is grown
alongside brains of its naturally occurring host, we discovered candidate
compounds that could be involved in behavioral manipulation by O. unilateralis s.l.. Two of these candidates are known
to be involved in neurological diseases and cancer. Conclusions The integrative work presented here shows that ant brain manipulation by
O. unilateralis s.l. is species-specific
seemingly because the fungus produces a specific array of compounds as a reaction
to the presence of the host brain it has evolved to manipulate. These studies have
resulted in the discovery of candidate compounds involved in establishing
behavioral manipulation by this specialized fungus and therefore represent a major
advancement towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this
phenomenon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0166-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized
users.
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Mathé EA, Patterson AD, Haznadar M, Manna SK, Krausz KW, Bowman ED, Shields PG, Idle JR, Smith PB, Anami K, Kazandjian DG, Hatzakis E, Gonzalez FJ, Harris CC. Noninvasive urinary metabolomic profiling identifies diagnostic and prognostic markers in lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3259-70. [PMID: 24736543 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide, yet there is currently a lack of diagnostic noninvasive biomarkers that could guide treatment decisions. Small molecules (<1,500 Da) were measured in urine collected from 469 patients with lung cancer and 536 population controls using unbiased liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Clinical putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers were validated by quantitation and normalized to creatinine levels at two different time points and further confirmed in an independent sample set, which comprises 80 cases and 78 population controls, with similar demographic and clinical characteristics when compared with the training set. Creatine riboside (IUPAC name: 2-{2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-oxolan-2-yl]-1-methylcarbamimidamido}acetic acid), a novel molecule identified in this study, and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) were each significantly (P < 0.00001) elevated in non-small cell lung cancer and associated with worse prognosis [HR = 1.81 (P = 0.0002), and 1.54 (P = 0.025), respectively]. Creatine riboside was the strongest classifier of lung cancer status in all and stage I-II cases, important for early detection, and also associated with worse prognosis in stage I-II lung cancer (HR = 1.71, P = 0.048). All measurements were highly reproducible with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.99. Both metabolites were significantly (P < 0.03) enriched in tumor tissue compared with adjacent nontumor tissue (N = 48), thus revealing their direct association with tumor metabolism. Creatine riboside and NANA may be robust urinary clinical metabolomic markers that are elevated in tumor tissue and associated with early lung cancer diagnosis and worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewy A Mathé
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandAuthors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Majda Haznadar
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Soumen K Manna
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elise D Bowman
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter G Shields
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip B Smith
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katsuhiro Anami
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dickran G Kazandjian
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Authors' Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenomics, Genomic and Immunity Section, NIAMS/NIH; Laboratories of Human Carcinogenesis, and Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis; Metabolomics Core Facility; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lee CM, Smith PB, Stern SB, Piché G, Feldgaier S, Ateah C, Clément MÈ, Gagné MH, Lamonde A, Barnes S, Dennis D, Chan K. The International Parenting Survey–Canada: Exploring access to parenting services. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 2014. [DOI: 10.1037/a0036297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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de Bekker C, Smith PB, Patterson AD, Hughes DP. Metabolomics reveals the heterogeneous secretome of two entomopathogenic fungi to ex vivo cultured insect tissues. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70609. [PMID: 23940603 PMCID: PMC3734240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal entomopathogens rely on cellular heterogeneity during the different stages of insect host infection. Their pathogenicity is exhibited through the secretion of secondary metabolites, which implies that the infection life history of this group of environmentally important fungi can be revealed using metabolomics. Here metabolomic analysis in combination with ex vivo insect tissue culturing shows that two generalist isolates of the genus Metarhizium and Beauveria, commonly used as biological pesticides, employ significantly different arrays of secondary metabolites during infectious and saprophytic growth. It also reveals that both fungi exhibit tissue specific strategies by a distinguishable metabolite secretion on the insect tissues tested in this study. In addition to showing the important heterogeneous nature of these two entomopathogens, this study also resulted in the discovery of several novel destruxins and beauverolides that have not been described before, most likely because previous surveys did not use insect tissues as a culturing system. While Beauveria secreted these cyclic depsipeptides when encountering live insect tissues, Metarhizium employed them primarily on dead tissue. This implies that, while these fungi employ comparable strategies when it comes to entomopathogenesis, there are most certainly significant differences at the molecular level that deserve to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa de Bekker
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
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46
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Krishnan P, Patterson AD, Ehresman DJ, Smith PB, Scavello MK, Chang S, Butenhoff JL, Peters JM. THE ROLE OF CHOLINE DEPLETION IN PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE‐INDUCED HEPATIC STEATOSIS. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1106.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Krishnan
- Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | | | | | - Philip B. Smith
- Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey M. Peters
- Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
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Turner K, Manzoni P, Benjamin DK, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Smith PB, Laughon MM. Fluconazole pharmacokinetics and safety in premature infants. Curr Med Chem 2013; 19:4617-20. [PMID: 22876898 DOI: 10.2174/092986712803306367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis (IC) in the premature infant population is a common infection that results in substantial morbidity and mortality. For these patients, fluconazole is among the first line therapies to treat and prevent IC, and yet few prospective studies investigating its pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety have been performed in this vulnerable population. We review five phase I studies examining the PK of fluconazole in premature infants, which demonstrate markedly differing kinetics compared to adults. Based on these data, a treatment dose of 12 mg/kg/day, with the potential need of a loading dose of 25 mg/kg to achieve rapid steady state concentrations, achieves surrogate pharmacodynamic targets. Additionally, fluconazole appears to be safe to use in this population, with only minimal reversible hepatobiliary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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48
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Singh DK, Laremore TN, Smith PB, Maximova SN, McNellis TW. Knockdown of FIBRILLIN4 gene expression in apple decreases plastoglobule plastoquinone content. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47547. [PMID: 23077632 PMCID: PMC3470590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin4 (FBN4) is a protein component of plastoglobules, which are antioxidant-rich sub-compartments attached to the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. FBN4 is required for normal plant biotic and abiotic stress resistance, including bacterial pathogens, herbicide, high light intensity, and ozone; FBN4 is also required for the accumulation of osmiophilic material inside plastoglobules. In this study, the contribution of FBN4 to plastoglobule lipid composition was examined using cultivated apple trees in which FBN4 gene expression was knocked down using RNA interference. Chloroplasts and plastoglobules were isolated from leaves of wild-type and fbn4 knock-down trees. Total lipids were extracted from chloroplasts and plastoglobules separately, and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Three lipids were consistently present at lower levels in the plastoglobules from fbn4 knock-down apple leaves compared to the wild-type as determined by LC-MS multiple ion monitoring. One of these species had a molecular mass and fragmentation pattern that identified it as plastoquinone, a known major component of plastoglobules. The plastoquinone level in fbn4 knock-down plastoglobules was less than 10% of that in wild-type plastoglobules. In contrast, plastoquinone was present at similar levels in the lipid extracts of whole chloroplasts from leaves of wild-type and fbn4 knock-down trees. These results suggest that the partitioning of plastoquinone between the plastoglobules and the rest of the chloroplast is disrupted in fbn4 knock-down leaves. These results indicate that FBN4 is required for high-level accumulation of plastoquinone and some other lipids in the plastoglobule. The dramatic decrease in plastoquinone content in fbn4 knock-down plastoglobules is consistent with the decreased plastoglobule osmiophilicity previously described for fbn4 knock-down plastoglobules. Failure to accumulate the antioxidant plastoquinone in the fbn4 knock-down plastoglobules might contribute to the increased stress sensitivity of fbn4 knock-down trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K. Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tatiana N. Laremore
- The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philip B. Smith
- The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Siela N. Maximova
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Timothy W. McNellis
- Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tanos R, Murray IA, Smith PB, Patterson A, Perdew GH. Role of the Ah receptor in homeostatic control of fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Toxicol Sci 2012; 129:372-9. [PMID: 22696238 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated a role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the attenuation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. This regulation did not require that the AHR binds to its cognate response element. Based on these observations and other reports depicting a role for AHR in lipid metabolism, we chose to investigate the involvement of the receptor in the regulation of the fatty acid synthesis pathway in mice and humans. For this purpose, C57BL/6J, liver-specific transgenic DRE-binding mutant AhR (A78D-AhrTtr CreAlb Ahrfx/fx) and CreAlb Ahrfx/fx mice were treated with an AHR ligand, and hepatic mRNA expression levels of key fatty acid genes (e.g., Acaca, Fasn, Scd1) were measured. The basal levels of those genes were also compared between C57BL6/J and hepatic AHR-deficient mice, as well as between Ahb and Ahd congenic mice. To extend these results to humans, fatty acid gene expression in human cells were compared with AHR-silenced cells. In addition, primary human hepatocytes were treated with an AHR ligand to assess alterations in gene expression and fatty acid synthesis. These studies indicated that the AHR constitutively attenuates the expression of key fatty acid synthesis genes in the absence of binding to its cognate response element. In addition, activation of AHR led to further repression of the expression of these genes and a decrease in overall fatty acid synthesis and secretion in human hepatocytes. Based on our results, we can conclude that increased AHR activity represses fatty acid synthesis, suggesting it may be a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tanos
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Tanos R, Patel RD, Murray IA, Smith PB, Perdew GH, Perdew GH. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in a dioxin response element-independent manner. Hepatology 2012; 55:1994-2004. [PMID: 22234961 PMCID: PMC3340481 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor. Activation of AhR mediates the expression of target genes (e.g., CYP1A1) by binding to dioxin response element (DRE) sequences in their promoter region. To understand the multiple mechanisms of AhR-mediated gene regulation, a microarray analysis on liver isolated from ligand-treated transgenic mice expressing a wild-type (WT) Ahr or a DRE-binding mutant Ahr (A78D) on an ahr-null background was performed. Results revealed that AhR DRE binding is not required for the suppression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction performed on both mouse liver and primary human hepatocyte RNA demonstrated a coordinated repression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, namely, HMGCR, FDFT1, SQLE, and LSS after receptor activation. An additional transgenic mouse line was established expressing a liver-specific Ahr-A78D on a Cre(Alb)/Ahr(flox/flox) background. These mice displayed a similar repression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes, compared to Ahr(flox/flox) mice, further indicating that the observed modulation is AhR specific and occurs in a DRE-independent manner. Elevated hepatic transcriptional levels of the genes of interest were noted in congenic C57BL/6J-Ah(d) allele mice, when compared to the WT C57BL/6J mice, which carry the Ah(b) allele. Down-regulation of AhR nuclear translocator levels using short interfering RNA in a human cell line revealed no effect on the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes. Finally, cholesterol secretion was shown to be significantly decreased in human cells after AhR activation. CONCLUSION These data firmly establish an endogenous role for AhR as a regulator of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway independent of its DRE-binding ability, and suggest that AhR may be a previously unrecognized therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary H. Perdew
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Telephone: (814) 865-0400. Fax: 814-863-1696.
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