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Catho G, Cave C, Grant R, Carry J, Martin Y, Renzi G, Nguyen A, Buetti N, Schrenzel J, Harbarth S. Controlling the hospital aquatic reservoir of multidrug-resistant organisms: a cross-sectional study followed by a nested randomized trial of sink decontamination. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00242-8. [PMID: 38759869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hospital water environment is an important reservoir of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and presents a risk for patient safety. We assessed the effectiveness of thermal and chemical interventions on sinks contaminated with MDRO in hospital setting. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of MDRO contamination of sinks and toilets in 26 clinical wards of a tertiary care hospital. MDRO-contaminated sink traps were then replaced and randomized (1:1:1) to receive chemical (sodium hypochlorite), thermal disinfection (steam), or no intervention. Interventions were repeated weekly for four weeks. Sinks were resampled seven days after the last intervention. The primary outcome was the proportion of decontaminated sinks. MDROs of interest were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing s Enterobacterales, and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli. RESULTS In the cross-sectional assessment, at least one MDRO was identified in 258 (36%) of the 748 samples and in 91 (47%) of the 192 water sources. In total, 57 (42%) of the 137 sinks and 34 (62%) of the 55 toilets were contaminated with 137 different MDRO. The most common MDRO were ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (69%, 95/137), followed by VIM-producing P. aeruginosa (9%, 12/137) and Citrobacter spp. (6%, 5/137). In the nested randomized trial, 5 of 16 sinks (31%) in the chemical disinfection group were decontaminated, compared to 8 of 18 (44%) in the control group (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.14-2.32) and 9 of 17 (53%) in the thermal disinfection group (OR 1.40, 95%CI 0.37- 5.32). CONCLUSION Our study failed to demonstrate an added benefit of repeated chemical or thermal disinfection, beyond changing sink traps, in the MDRO decontamination of sinks. Routine chlorine-based disinfection of sinks may need to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaud Catho
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Charlotte Cave
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Carry
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Martin
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gesuele Renzi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Service of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Aude Nguyen
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Niccolò Buetti
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Service of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Smith DRM, Duval A, Grant R, Abbas M, Harbarth S, Opatowski L, Temime L. Predicting consequences of COVID-19 control measure de-escalation on nosocomial transmission and mortality: a modelling study in a French rehabilitation hospital. J Hosp Infect 2024; 147:47-55. [PMID: 38467250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection control measures are effective for nosocomial COVID-19 prevention but bear substantial health-economic costs, motivating their "de-escalation" in settings at low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Yet consequences of de-escalation are difficult to predict, particularly in light of novel variants and heterogeneous population immunity. AIM To estimate how infection control measure de-escalation influences nosocomial COVID-19 risk. METHODS An individual-based transmission model was used to simulate SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and control measure de-escalation in a French long-term care hospital with multi-modal control measures in place (testing and isolation, universal masking, single-occupant rooms). Estimates of COVID-19 case fatality rates (CFRs) from reported outbreaks were used to quantify excess COVID-19 mortality due to de-escalation. RESULTS In a population fully susceptible to infection, de-escalating both universal masking and single rooms resulted in hospital-wide outbreaks of 114 (95% CI: 103-125) excess infections, compared with five (three to seven) excess infections when de-escalating only universal masking or 15 (11-18) when de-escalating only single rooms. When de-escalating both measures and applying CFRs from the first wave of COVID-19, excess patient mortality ranged from 1.57 (1.41-1.71) to 9.66 (8.73-10.57) excess deaths/1000 patient-days. By contrast, when applying CFRs from subsequent pandemic waves and assuming susceptibility to infection among 40-60% of individuals, excess mortality ranged from 0 (0-0) to 0.92 (0.77-1.07) excess deaths/1000 patient-days. CONCLUSIONS The de-escalation of bundled COVID-19 control measures may facilitate widespread nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, excess mortality is probably limited in populations at least moderately immune to infection and given CFRs resembling those estimated during the 'post-vaccine' era.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R M Smith
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - A Duval
- Epidemiology & Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Anti-Infective Evasion & Pharmacoepidemiology, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France; Laboratoire MESuRS, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - R Grant
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Infection Control Programme & WHO Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Infection Control Programme & WHO Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Harbarth
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Infection Control Programme & WHO Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Opatowski
- Epidemiology & Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Anti-Infective Evasion & Pharmacoepidemiology, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, CESP, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - L Temime
- Laboratoire MESuRS, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
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Glaria AA, Mullen L, Kovokovich A, Gabrielli AF, Grant R, Emiroglu N, Wang N. Mass-gathering decision making and its implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e912-e913. [PMID: 38000886 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Artazcoz Glaria
- Department of Country Readiness Strengthening, Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mullen
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Kovokovich
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Grant
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, WHO, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Nedret Emiroglu
- Department of Country Readiness Strengthening, Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Ninglan Wang
- Department of Country Readiness Strengthening, Health Emergencies Programme, WHO, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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Grant R, Büchler A, Flight W, Huang C, Ferrinho D, Janmohamed S, Mulgirigama A, Godycki-Cwirko M, Leibovici L, Huttner A, Harbarth S. Impact of the 2019 Food and Drug Administration Guidance for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection on Treatment Response Rates: A Reanalysis of a Clinical Trial of Nitrofurantoin vs Fosfomycin. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad557. [PMID: 38023546 PMCID: PMC10661658 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current US Food and Administration (FDA) guidance recommends that the primary efficacy endpoint for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) clinical trials be a composite of clinical and microbiological responses. We applied these criteria to a previous clinical trial to determine the impact on treatment outcomes. Methods We conducted a patient-level reanalysis of a randomized clinical trial of nitrofurantoin versus fosfomycin for treatment of uUTI in nonpregnant adult women. Women were included in the reanalysis if they had 2 or more signs/symptoms of uUTI and a single bacterial species isolated from baseline urine culture at ≥105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The applied primary efficacy endpoint-therapeutic response-required both clinical resolution of signs/symptoms and reduction of the infecting bacterial pathogen to <103 CFU/mL at day 14 post-treatment completion. Results Two hundred eleven of 513 (41%) patients were eligible for inclusion in the reanalysis. Among these patients, 74% (76/103) and 69% (75/108) in the nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin groups, respectively, achieved clinical resolution by day 14. Similarly, 70% (72/103) and 67% (72/108) in each group achieved microbiological success at day 14. As such, 59% (61/103) and 57% (62/108) of women in each group met the primary efficacy endpoint-therapeutic success-at day 14. In comparison, 75% and 66% of patients in each group achieved clinical resolution at day 14 in the initial clinical trial. Conclusions Applying current FDA guidance resulted in lower composite efficacy rates than clinical resolution alone as observed in the initial clinical trial. This may limit the ability to compare antibiotic treatment effects between historical and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Infection Control Programme, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Büchler
- Infection Control Programme, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Chun Huang
- Biostatistics, GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maciek Godycki-Cwirko
- Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Leonard Leibovici
- Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Angela Huttner
- Center for Clinical Research, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Grant R, Benamouzig D, Catton H, Cheng VCC, Dhingra N, Laxminarayan R, Legido-Quigley H, Martinez SL, Marikar K, Mendelson M, Parneix P, Perencevich E, Singh H, Tschudin-Sutter S, Ushiro S, Wesangula E, Gardiol C, Dziekan G, Harbarth S, Pittet D. COVID-19 pandemic: a catalyst for accelerating global action on patient safety. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:1108-1110. [PMID: 37572686 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Benamouzig
- Sciences Po, Centre de Sociologie des Organisations and Chaire Santé, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Howard Catton
- International Council of Nurses, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Kadar Marikar
- Malaysian Society for Quality in Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marc Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pierre Parneix
- Nouvelle Aquitaine Healthcare-Associated Infection Control Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eli Perencevich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hardeep Singh
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shin Ushiro
- Division of Patient Safety, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Evelyn Wesangula
- East Central and Southern Africa Health Community, Arusha, Tanzania; Patient and Health Workers Safety Division, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Pittet
- Infection Control Programme and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Januel JM, Lotfinejad N, Grant R, Tschudin-Sutter S, Schreiber PW, Grandbastien B, Jent P, Lo Priore E, Scherrer A, Harbarth S, Catho G, Buetti N. Predictive performance of automated surveillance algorithms for intravascular catheter bloodstream infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:87. [PMID: 37653559 PMCID: PMC10468855 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular catheter infections are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, a significant proportion of these infections are preventable. Evaluations of the performance of automated surveillance systems for adequate monitoring of central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) or catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) are limited. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the predictive performance of automated algorithms for CLABSI/CRBSI detection, and investigated which parameters included in automated algorithms provide the greatest accuracy for CLABSI/CRBSI detection. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis based on a systematic search of published studies in PubMed and EMBASE from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. We included studies that evaluated predictive performance of automated surveillance algorithms for CLABSI/CRBSI detection and used manually collected surveillance data as reference. We estimated the pooled sensitivity and specificity of algorithms for accuracy and performed a univariable meta-regression of the different parameters used across algorithms. RESULTS The search identified five full text studies and 32 different algorithms or study populations were included in the meta-analysis. All studies analysed central venous catheters and identified CLABSI or CRBSI as an outcome. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of automated surveillance algorithm were 0.88 [95%CI 0.84-0.91] and 0.86 [95%CI 0.79-0.92] with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 91.9, p < 0.001 and I2 = 99.2, p < 0.001, respectively). In meta-regression, algorithms that include results of microbiological cultures from specific specimens (respiratory, urine and wound) to exclude non-CRBSI had higher specificity estimates (0.92, 95%CI 0.88-0.96) than algorithms that include results of microbiological cultures from any other body sites (0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.95). The addition of clinical signs as a predictor did not improve performance of these algorithms with similar specificity estimates (0.92, 95%CI 0.88-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Performance of automated algorithms for detection of intravascular catheter infections in comparison to manual surveillance seems encouraging. The development of automated algorithms should consider the inclusion of results of microbiological cultures from specific specimens to exclude non-CRBSI, while the inclusion of clinical data may not have an added-value. Trail Registration Prospectively registered with International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO ID CRD42022299641; January 21, 2022). https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022299641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Januel
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Service PCI, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneve, Switzerland.
| | - Nasim Lotfinejad
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Service PCI, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Service PCI, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Tschudin-Sutter
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter W Schreiber
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Grandbastien
- Service of Hospital Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Jent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elia Lo Priore
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, EOC Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Service PCI, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Gaud Catho
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Service PCI, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneve, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Niccolò Buetti
- Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Service PCI, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneve, Switzerland
- Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME UMR 1137, 75018, Paris, France
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Hostutler CA, Snider T, Wolf N, Grant R. ACEs screening in adolescent primary care: Psychological flexibility as a moderator. Fam Syst Health 2023; 41:182-191. [PMID: 35679216 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is increasingly recommended in medical settings; however, there is more to learn about which patients experience negative outcomes following ACEs and how to intervene. This study sought to determine whether psychological flexibility moderated the relationship between ACEs and 2 important health outcomes: depression and elevated body mass index (BMI). Specifically, we hypothesized that as psychological flexibility increased, the relationship between ACEs and these mental and physical health outcomes would weaken. METHOD Exposure to ACEs, psychological flexibility (AFQ-Y8), depressive symptoms (PHQ9a), and BMI percentiles were assessed using validated, self-report rating scales during adolescent well-child checks in urban primary care practices. A total sample of 402 predominately Black (72.6%), publicly insured (81.8%), and female (63.4%) adolescents with complete data were included in analysis. RESULTS Psychological flexibility moderated the relationship between self-reported ACEs and depressive symptoms. Patients with high psychological flexibility reported fewer depressive symptoms when they experienced more ACEs, those with average psychological flexibility demonstrated no relationship between ACEs and depressive symptoms, and those with low psychological flexibility reported more depressive symptoms when experiencing higher numbers of ACEs. ACEs were only related to BMIs greater than 99th percentile in this study and moderation was not supported. CONCLUSIONS Psychological flexibility was helpful in differentiating those who experience increased depressive symptoms following ACE exposure in a primary care setting. Psychological flexibility is a modifiable process and may represent an important population health variable to develop prior to exposure or reduce negative outcomes following ACEs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Hostutler
- Department of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Tyanna Snider
- Department of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Noelle Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Ohio State University
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Grant R, Sacks JA, Abraham P, Chunsuttiwat S, Cohen C, Figueroa JP, Fleming T, Fine P, Goldblatt D, Hasegawa H, MacIntrye CR, Memish ZA, Miller E, Nishioka S, Sall AA, Sow S, Tomori O, Wang Y, Van Kerkhove MD, Wambo MA, Cohen HA, Mesfin S, Otieno JR, Subissi L, Briand S, Wentworth DE, Subbarao K. When to update COVID-19 vaccine composition. Nat Med 2023; 29:776-780. [PMID: 36807683 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jilian A Sacks
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Priya Abraham
- Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Fine
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Raina MacIntrye
- Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Research and Innovation Centre, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Samba Sow
- Centre for Vaccine Development, Ministry of Health, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oyewale Tomori
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Youchun Wang
- Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Maria D Van Kerkhove
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Ange Wambo
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Homa Attar Cohen
- Department of Acute Response Coordination, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Mesfin
- Department of Acute Response Coordination, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James R Otieno
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Subissi
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Briand
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Madariaga Urrutia A, Cole H, Pittman T, Grant R, Dhani N, Liu Z, Bowering V, Sellmann S, Oza A, Lheureux S. 78P Electronic tool for high grade adverse event (AE) reporting in gynecology (gyne) clinical trials (ClinT) at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (PM). ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Grant R, Flechelles O, Elenga N, Tressières B, Gaete S, Hebert JC, Schaub B, Djossou F, Mallard A, Delver L, Ryan C, Funk AL, Cabié A, Fontanet A, Hoen B. Consequences of In Utero Zika Virus Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy and Early Childhood Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122755. [PMID: 36560760 PMCID: PMC9788325 DOI: 10.3390/v14122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to describe adverse pregnancy outcomes among women who had symptomatic, RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection and early childhood outcomes among their infants. We enrolled pregnant women with symptomatic, RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection in a prospective cohort study, and their infants in a prospective pediatric cohort study. We defined adverse pregnancy and early childhood outcomes based on selected neurologic, ophthalmologic, auditory, musculoskeletal, and anthropometric abnormalities. We used RT-PCR and serologic tests to determine the ZIKV infection status of the child. Between 10 March and 24 November 2016, we enrolled 546 pregnant women with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection. The overall risk of adverse pregnancy and early childhood outcomes possibly related to in utero ZIKV exposure was 15.7% (95% CI: 12.8-19.0), distributed as follows: 3.6% (95% CI: 2.3-5.6) severe sequelae or fatality; 2.7% (95% CI: 1.6-4.5) major abnormalities; 9.4% (95% CI:7.1-12.2) mild abnormalities. The risk of severe sequelae or fatality was higher when ZIKV infection occurred during the first trimester (7.0%), compared to the second (2.7%) or third trimester (1.4%) (p = 0.02). Among the infants for whom ZIKV infection status could be determined, the vertical transmission rate was 3.0% (5/167) (95% CI: 1.1-7.2). Among pregnant women with symptomatic, RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection, severe or major pregnancy or early childhood outcomes were present in 6.3% of fetuses and infants. Severe outcomes occurred more frequently in fetuses and infants whose mothers had been infected in the first trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Emerging Disease Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Flechelles
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
| | | | - Benoît Tressières
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles—Guyane, 97142 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Stanie Gaete
- Karubiotec™, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, 97142 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Bruno Schaub
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
| | - Felix Djossou
- Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana
| | - Adeline Mallard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, 97142 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Lucetta Delver
- Centre Hospitalier de Basse-Terre, 97109 Basse-Terre, France
| | - Catherine Ryan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Guadeloupe, 97142 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Anna L. Funk
- Emerging Disease Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - André Cabié
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Université de Montpellier, Université des Antilles, INSERM, EFS, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Centre d′Investigation Clinique 1424, INSERM, 97261 Fort-de-France, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Disease Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 75003 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (B.H.)
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles—Guyane, 97142 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (B.H.)
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Merle H, Chassery M, Béral L, Najioullah F, Cabié A, Césaire R, Fléchelles O, Pignol J, Errera MH, Ventura E, Grant R, Fontanet A, David T, Tressières B, Hoen B. Fundus Changes in the Offspring of Mothers With Confirmed Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy in French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique, French West Indies. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140:994-1001. [PMID: 36048466 PMCID: PMC9437825 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Most ocular lesions have been described for children with congenital Zika syndrome. The frequency of finding ocular abnormalities is unknown among children exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy. This study was conducted on newborns whose mothers were positive for ZIKV, confirmed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Objective To report ocular fundus manifestations in newborns with congenital ZIKV exposure in French Guiana, Martinique, and Guadeloupe, French West Indies, to assess its prevalence. Risk factors, such as the presence of extraocular fetopathies and the gestational term at infection, were sought. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional multicentric study, conducted from August 1, 2016, to April 30, 2019, for which data were collected prospectively. The study inception was at the beginning of 2016 from the onset of the ZIKV epidemic in the French West Indies. Newborns whose mothers tested positive (by RT-PCR) for ZIKV during pregnancy were included. Interventions Fundus examination was performed using widefield retinal imaging after pupil dilation. Infection date, delivery mode, and newborn measurements were collected. Main Outcomes and Measures Anomalies of the vitreous, choroid, retina, and optic disc. Results A total of 330 children (mean [SD] age, 68 [IQR, 22-440] days; 170 girls [51.5%]) were included. Eleven children (3.3%) had perivascular retinal hemorrhages, and 3 (0.9%) had lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection: 1 child had torpedo maculopathy, 1 child had a chorioretinal scar with iris and lens coloboma, and 1 child had a chorioretinal scar. Retinal hemorrhages were found at childbirth during early screening. Lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection were not associated with the presence of extraocular fetopathy. Microcephaly was not associated with lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection (odds ratio [OR], 9.1; 95% CI, 0.8-105.3; P = .08), but severe microcephaly was associated with an OR of 81 (95% CI, 5.1-1297.8; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the ocular anomalies found may be associated with ZIKV in 0.9% of the exposed population. Ocular lesions were rare, affected mostly the choroid and retina, and seemed to be associated with choroiditis-related scarring that developed during fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Merle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Martinique, Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies, France
| | - Maxime Chassery
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Martinique, Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies, France
| | - Laurence Béral
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Le Abymes, Guadeloupe, French West Indies, France
| | - Fatiha Najioullah
- Department of Virology, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies, France
| | - André Cabié
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies, France
- Department of Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Montpellier, France
| | - Raymond Césaire
- Department of Virology, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies, France
| | - Olivier Fléchelles
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies, France
| | - Jérome Pignol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Errera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
- Ophthalmology Department and Laboratory and DHU Sight Restore, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris VI, Paris, France
- Pittsburgh University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Ventura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Martinique, Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thierry David
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Le Abymes, Guadeloupe, French West Indies, France
| | - Benoit Tressières
- Clinical Investigation Centre, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Le Abymes, Guadeloupe, French West Indies, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
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12
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Grant R. Reusable, FAIR Humanities Data. IJDC 2022. [DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v17i1.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While stakeholders including funding agencies and academic publishers implement more stringent data sharing policies, challenges remain for researchers in the humanities who are increasingly prompted to share their research data. This paper outlines some key challenges of research data sharing in the humanities, and identifies existing work which has been undertaken to explore these challenges. It describes the current landscape regarding publishers’ research data sharing policies, and the impact which strong data policies can have, regardless of discipline.
Using Routledge Open Research as a case study, the development of a set of humanities-inclusive Open Data publisher data guidelines is then described. These include practical guidance in relation to data sharing for humanities authors, and a close alignment with the FAIR Data Principles.
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13
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Baddeley E, Retzer A, Sivell S, Seddon K, Bulbeck H, Nelson A, Adams R, Grant R, Watts C, Aiyegbusi O, Rivera S, Kearns P, Dirven L, Calvert M, Byrne A. P09.04.B The importance of treatment tolerability for people with glioma: registry review and qualitative findings from the COBra Study. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Gliomas are the commonest form of primary brain tumour, accounting for 80% of malignant brain tumours. Gliomas represent a heterogeneous group of cancers with variable outcomes, traditionally graded from I to IV (least to most aggressive). The poor prognosis of some glioma patients and high symptom burden has led to a growing emphasis on their quality of survival. Maintaining cognitive function, physical function and other health-related quality of life aspects throughout the disease trajectory are key considerations, particularly for patients with aggressive forms of glioma. It is therefore important that glioma intervention studies collect data aligned with patient priorities that enables assessment of the net clinical benefit of treatments and facilitates informed decision-making. In particular, and of increasing recognition, is the importance of monitoring the incidence of adverse events during and after the course of an intervention, and understanding their impact upon patients, and patients’ own assessment of, tolerability.
Material and Methods
A trial registry review, a systematic review of the qualitative literature and semi-structured interviews with patients and caregivers were undertaken. Outcomes were extracted from these sources to formulate a longlist during the development of a core outcome set for glioma interventional trials (the COBra study).
Results
The registry review (n=91), systematic review (n=21) and semi-structured interviews (n=19) identified many important outcomes and concepts, one of which was tolerability. Tolerability, adverse events, toxicity or safety was reported to be collected as an outcome in 46 trials. Outcomes related to tolerability were identified from 7 articles included in the systematic review. Themes related to tolerability emerged from the qualitative interviews. These included tolerability of side effects of treatment; trade-offs of side effects versus potential benefits in deciding on, and willingness to, undertake further treatment; and self-directed strategies for coping.
Conclusion
There is a growing acknowledgement of the importance of treatment tolerability in the wider field of cancer research. In glioma research specifically, its significance is yet to be reflected in outcomes collected in trials. Our qualitative findings indicate tolerability is of high significance to patients and those close to them. Participants reported how their preconceptions and experience of tolerability influenced treatment decisions and treatment uptake. However, outcomes related to tolerability were collected in just over half of trials in our sample. Tolerability and items relating to the patients’ experience of adverse events should be collected and reported in trial findings to reflect patients’ priorities and enable informed treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Baddeley
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - A Retzer
- University of Birmingham - Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - S Sivell
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - K Seddon
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - H Bulbeck
- Brainstrust , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Nelson
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - R Adams
- Cardiff University - Centre for Trials Research , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - R Grant
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - C Watts
- University of Birmingham - Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - O Aiyegbusi
- University of Birmingham - Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - S Rivera
- University of Birmingham - Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - P Kearns
- University of Birmingham - Cancer and Genomic Sciences , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - L Dirven
- Leiden University , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - M Calvert
- University of Birmingham - Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - A Byrne
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
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14
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Zienius K, Hewins W, Summers D, McKinlay L, Brennan P, Porteous L, Grant R. P01.21.A Testing Semantic Verbal Fluency (SVFT) in patients with headache suspicious of cancer helps predict those with tumour on imaging. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Differentiating secondary headache from primary headache on history alone can sometimes be difficult. Headache “plus” other subtle cognitive features improves prediction. Patients and relatives may attribute subtle cognitive or behavioural changes to other causes (e.g. anxiety, low mood). Sematic verbal fluency - “how many animals can you think of in a minute” is commonly impaired on admission in patients with headache harbouring a tumour. We were interested whether SVFT at point of referral for scan would help predict a tumour and requested GPs report the SVFT on electronic referral for direct access scanning in cases with a history of headache suspicious of cancer. The aim of the pilot study was to establish if the SVFT was a “red flag” for secondary causes of headache. We report the results of a 20-month audit of cases.
Material and Methods
An electronic Protocol Based Referral (PBR) was developed for Headache Suspicious of Cancer to expedite scanning. The PBR sat alongside the routine e-DACI system that had been in use for some years. The GP was asked to complete the SVFT at the time of referral for scanning. Other data were gathered: PMH cancer; other symptoms/signs; co-morbid conditions and medications.
Results
GPs submitted requests for ePBR scanning in 669 cases over 20 months (62% females; Mean age 53: 60% <60 years). SVFT was completed on the request form in 381 (57%) cases. In these cases median SVFT was 17 animals. 11/381 cases were found to have cancer on scanning (2.9%): 10/188 cases with intracranial tumours had a SVFT <17 (5.32%) compared with one with a SVFT >=17. The median SVFT in cases with cancer was 10 animals. Other possible causes of SVFT <17 were - 53 psychiatric or chronic pain conditions on multiple drugs;12 were not native English speakers; 19 had co-existing dementia; 5 had small vessel disease; 4 cysts; 4 Giant Cell Arteritis ; 2 Chiari 1 malformation; PMH - encephalitis (1).
Conclusion
A SVFT result <17, at the point of referral for brain imaging, in patients with headache suspicious of cancer was associated with intracranial cancer in more than 1:20 cases, whereas a SVFT of >=17 was associated with cancer in 1:200 cases. SVFT may be an additional useful “red flag”. The most appropriate SVFT cut-off requires more research in a larger study. Low SVFT in headache patients may inform Cancer Referral Guidelines, improve the identification of secondary headache and help expedite cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zienius
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - W Hewins
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D Summers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Edinburgh Infirmary , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - L McKinlay
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - P Brennan
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - L Porteous
- Lead for Cancer, NHS Lothian , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - R Grant
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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15
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Sacher A, Lau S, Allen M, Corke L, Makarem M, Chen E, Jang RJ, Elimova E, Grant R, Shepherd F, Bradbury P, Eng L, Rogalla P, Liu G, Tsao MS, Leighl N, Garonce-Hediger R, Wang B, Ohashi P, Knox J. 1202TiP Evolution of the tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with liver metastases treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab (INTEGRATE). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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16
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McCauley D, Grant R, Mwathunga E. Achieving energy justice in Malawi: from key challenges to policy recommendations. Clim Change 2022; 170:28. [PMID: 35194271 PMCID: PMC8853043 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-022-03314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Addressing energy provision and access in Sub-Saharan Africa is a key global challenge. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders, this paper applies an energy justice framework in overviewing energy realities and policies in Malawi, where electricity access remains among the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa. The use of woodfuel remains high for meeting cooking, heating, and lighting needs leading to indoor air pollution, with serious health consequences, and widespread deforestation. Responses to these dual challenges, a lack of electricity access and ongoing woodfuel use, must be rooted in notions of equity, fairness, and justice. Application of energy justice theorising provides insights into how policy stakeholders are responding to complex and interconnected issues of energy generation and access in low-income settings. Overall, a just response to these energy challenges is possible, but only if it is built on local inclusive governance with fairer and effective systems of investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren McCauley
- Management of International Social Challenges, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Grant
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Evance Mwathunga
- Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
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17
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Grant R, Charmet T, Schaeffer L, Galmiche S, Madec Y, Von Platen C, Chény O, Omar F, David C, Rogoff A, Paireau J, Cauchemez S, Carrat F, Septfons A, Levy-Bruhl D, Mailles A, Fontanet A. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant on incubation, transmission settings and vaccine effectiveness: Results from a nationwide case-control study in France. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 13:100278. [PMID: 34849500 PMCID: PMC8616730 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the settings and activities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant circulation in France, as well as the protection against symptomatic Delta infection. METHODS In this nationwide case-control study, cases were SARS-CoV-2 infected adults recruited between 23 May and 13 August 2021. Controls were non-infected adults from a national representative panel matched to cases by age, sex, region, population density and calendar week. Participants completed an online questionnaire and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and recent activity-related exposures, past history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination. FINDINGS We did not find any differences in the settings and activities associated with Delta versus non-Delta infections and grouped them for subsequent analyses. In multivariable analysis involving 12634 cases (8644 Delta and 3990 non-Delta) and 5560 controls, we found individuals under 40 years and attending bars (aOR:1.9; 95%CI:1.6-2.2) or parties (aOR:3.4; 95%CI:2.8-4.2) to be at increased risk of infection. In those aged 40 years and older, having children attend daycare (aOR:1.9; 95%CI:1.1-3.3), kindergarten (aOR:1.6; 95%CI:1.2-2.1), primary school (aOR:1.4; 95%CI:1.2-1.6) or middle school (aOR:1.3; 95%CI:1.2-1.6) were associated with increased risk of infection. We found strong protection against symptomatic Delta infection for those with prior infection whether it was recent (2-6 months) (95%; 95%CI:90-97) or associated with one dose (85%; 95%CI:78-90) or two doses of mRNA vaccine (96%; 95%CI:87-99). For those without past infection, protection was lower with two doses of mRNA vaccine (67%; 95%CI:63-71). INTERPRETATION In line with other observational studies, we find reduced vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic Delta infections. The settings and activities at increased risk of infection indicate where efforts to reinforce individual and public health measures need to be concentrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Tiffany Charmet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura Schaeffer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Simon Galmiche
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Cassandre Von Platen
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Centre for Translational Research, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Chény
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Centre for Translational Research, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Juliette Paireau
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR2000, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR2000, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, IPLESP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, APHP, 27 rue Chaligny, Paris F75571
| | | | | | | | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Unité PACRI, Paris, France
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18
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Bergeri I, Lewis HC, Subissi L, Nardone A, Valenciano M, Cheng B, Glonti K, Williams B, Abejirinde IOO, Simniceanu A, Cassini A, Grant R, Rodriguez A, Vicari A, Al Ariqi L, Azim T, Wijesinghe PR, Rajatonirina SC, Okeibunor JC, Le LV, Katz M, Vaughan A, Jorgensen P, Freidl G, Pebody R, Van Kerkhove MD. Early epidemiological investigations: World Health Organization UNITY protocols provide a standardized and timely international investigation framework during the COVID-19 pandemic. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 16:7-13. [PMID: 34611986 PMCID: PMC8652791 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The declaration of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 required rapid implementation of early investigations to inform appropriate national and global public health actions. METHODS The suite of existing pandemic preparedness generic epidemiological early investigation protocols was rapidly adapted for COVID-19, branded the 'UNITY studies' and promoted globally for the implementation of standardized and quality studies. Ten protocols were developed investigating household (HH) transmission, the first few cases (FFX), population seroprevalence (SEROPREV), health facilities transmission (n = 2), vaccine effectiveness (n = 2), pregnancy outcomes and transmission, school transmission, and surface contamination. Implementation was supported by WHO and its partners globally, with emphasis to support building surveillance and research capacities in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). RESULTS WHO generic protocols were rapidly developed and published on the WHO website, 5/10 protocols within the first 3 months of the response. As of 30 June 2021, 172 investigations were implemented by 97 countries, of which 62 (64%) were LMIC. The majority of countries implemented population seroprevalence (71 countries) and first few cases/household transmission (37 countries) studies. CONCLUSION The widespread adoption of UNITY protocols across all WHO regions indicates that they addressed subnational and national needs to support local public health decision-making to prevent and control the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bergeri
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannah C Lewis
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Subissi
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Nardone
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland.,Epidemiology Departement, Epiconcept, Paris, France
| | - Marta Valenciano
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland.,Epidemiology Departement, Epiconcept, Paris, France
| | - Brianna Cheng
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ketevan Glonti
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bridget Williams
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Alice Simniceanu
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Cassini
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Grant
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Vicari
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Lubna Al Ariqi
- World Health Organization for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tasnim Azim
- Regional Office for South-East Asia, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Linh-Vi Le
- Regional Office for the Western Pacific, World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Katz
- Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aisling Vaughan
- Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Jorgensen
- Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Freidl
- Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Pebody
- Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria D Van Kerkhove
- WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Yonezawa A, Grant R, Shimakawa Y. Including the voice of people living with viral hepatitis: lessons learned from Japan to accelerate progress towards global hepatitis elimination. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:79. [PMID: 34598715 PMCID: PMC8485555 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing momentum created by the WHO for eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, the global response is still slow and more actions are needed to meet the elimination goals, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. Japan is one of a handful of countries currently on track to achieve the WHO hepatitis elimination targets by 2030. To better understand the successful control of viral hepatitis in Japan, it is important to recognize the role of the patient association for viral hepatitis, known as the “Japan Hepatitis Council”, which celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2021. The greatest impact of the Japan Hepatitis Council has been in achieving wider access to antiviral treatments for viral hepatitis. The example of Japan and the Japan Hepatitis Council highlights the need for the engagement of civil society and patient groups to ensure equitable access to hepatitis services and to accelerate the global hepatitis elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yonezawa
- Japan Hepatitis Council, 4-27-5-201 Shimo-ochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 161-0033, Japan.
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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20
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Lefèvre B, Tondeur L, Madec Y, Grant R, Lina B, van der Werf S, Rabaud C, Fontanet A. Beta SARS-CoV-2 variant and BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness in long-term care facilities in France. Lancet Healthy Longev 2021; 2:e685-e687. [PMID: 34580665 PMCID: PMC8457759 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lefèvre
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- CNR des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,VirPath, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Christian Rabaud
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases, CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Unité PACRI, Paris, France
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21
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Taylor S, Keesing S, Wallis A, Russell B, Smith A, Grant R. Occupational therapy intervention for cancer patients following hospital discharge: How and when should we intervene? A systematic review. Aust Occup Ther J 2021; 68:546-562. [PMID: 34533212 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in cancer treatment over the last decade have led to increased survival rates. As a result, survivors are living longer with and beyond cancer, often with greater levels of morbidity. Occupational therapists, with their focus on remedial and compensatory strategies to improve function and participation, are well suited to assess and intervene with this population. Despite this, little research exists to demonstrate the efficacy of interventions and value of the occupational therapy role. This systematic review aimed to review how and when occupational therapists provide services for adult patients with cancer and identify where they add the most value. METHODS A systematic search was conducted of six electronic databases. Eligible studies reported on occupational therapy interventions targeting management of cancer symptoms, rehabilitation or environmental modifications for adult cancer patients discharged from acute hospital services. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by two reviewers. Narrative synthesis summarised the attributes and treatment outcomes of each intervention. RESULTS Nine articles were included from a total of 309 articles retrieved. Eight different interventions were reported for people with cancer (n = 531). Small sample sizes and methodological quality precluded any formal analysis; however, intervention components that showed positive results were person-centred, individualised and included regular monitoring and flexibility in care, with input from multidisciplinary health professionals. Therapists also need to reflect upon the optimal duration of interventions and selection of outcome measures that specifically match intervention components. CONCLUSION Despite inconclusive support of any particular type of intervention, this systematic review identified several successful intervention components for occupational therapists working with people with or beyond cancer. Overall, findings suggest that monitored tailored programmes compensating for fluctuations in a patient's condition have efficacy to improve patient outcomes and should be considered when delivering intervention with patients post hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Taylor
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Occupational Therapy Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Occupational Therapy Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharon Keesing
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Wallis
- School of Occupational Therapy, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brooke Russell
- Occupational Therapy Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Smith
- Leukaemia Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Occupational Therapy Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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22
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Oort Q, Dirven L, Sikkes S, Aaronson N, Boele F, Brannan C, Egeter J, Grant R, Klein M, Lips I, Narita Y, Sato H, Sztankay M, Stockhammer G, Talacchi A, Uitdehaag B, Reijneveld J, Taphoorn M. OS05.4.A Do neurocognitive deficits explain the differences between brain tumour patients and their proxies assessing the patient’s I-ADL? Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Neurocognitive deficits are common among brain tumour patients, and may impact on patient awareness of deficits in instrumental activities in daily life (IADL). This study aimed to examine differences between patient-reported and proxy-reported assessments of the patient’s performance of IADL, and whether the level of (dis)agreement is associated with neurocognitive deficits.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A phase III EORTC questionnaire measuring IADL in brain tumour patients (EORTC IADL-BN32) and six neurocognitive test measures were administered as part of a larger multicentre international study designed to develop a brain tumour specific IADL questionnaire. Bland-Altman plots and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluated patient- and proxy-reported IADL on a group level. Subsequently, Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare patient-proxy difference scores (patient IADL score - their proxy IADL score) between patients who were considered clearly neurocognitively impaired (≥2 neurocognitive test measures; ≤2.0 SD below healthy controls) and patients who were not. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to examined which sociodemgraphic, clinical, and particularly neurocognitive variables were independently associated with patients and proxies differing in their evaluation of patient’s IADL.
RESULTS
Patients (N=81) and proxies (N=81), on group level, did not significantly differ on either the IADL individual item or scale scores. However, significant differences were found on patient-proxy difference scores between patients who were (N=37) and were not (N=44) considered clearly neurocognitively impaired for 10/32 individual items and one of the scales (i.e. Scale 4: Administrative tasks), all showing that the proxies of clearly neurocognitively impaired patients reported more problems relative to the patients themselves, compared to proxies of patients not clearly neurocognitively impaired. Furthermore, for each scale, a neurocognitive variable, either impaired information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency or the number of neurocognitive test measures impaired, was found to be independently associated with proxies reporting more problems. For 4/5 scales, a clinical variable was additionally independently associated with proxies reporting more problems. Only one variable was independently associated with patient reporting more problems, namely being in active treatment was found to be associated with patients reporting more problems on Scale 4: Administrative tasks.
CONCLUSION
Results imply a consistent trend of clearly neurocognitively impaired patients underreporting problems with IADL compared to their proxies. It would therefore be advised to administer both the patient- and proxy-version of the EORTC IADL-BN32, particularly if neurocognitive deficits are presumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Oort
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Dirven
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Sikkes
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N Aaronson
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Boele
- St James’s University Hospital/University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - C Brannan
- East & North Hertfordshire NHS Trust incorporating Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - J Egeter
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Grant
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Klein
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Lips
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Y Narita
- National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Sato
- Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sztankay
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - A Talacchi
- Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Addolorata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - M Taphoorn
- Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Netherlands
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23
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Pointon L, Grant R, Peoples S, Erridge S, Sherwood P, Klein M, Boele F. P12.06 Unmet needs and wish for support of informal caregivers of primary brain tumour patients. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Most primary brain tumour patients rely on informal caregivers (i.e. family members or friends) for practical and emotional support. While caregiving can be rewarding, it also commonly leads to significant burden. In developing support for caregivers, it is vital to distinguish between caregivers’ unmet needs, and their actual wish for support to resolve unmet needs. We aimed to 1) identify the presence and magnitude of unmet needs; 2) examine associations between unmet needs and desire for support; 3) evaluate perceived usefulness of caregiver needs screening in clinical practice.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Family caregivers of patients with primary brain tumours were recruited and asked to complete an adapted version of the Caregiver Needs Screen (CNS). This covered the level of distress resulting from 33 common issues in neuro-oncology caregiving (scale 0–10), and wish for information or support for any issue (yes/no). In addition, participants were asked to rank (0–7) their experience of using the CNS based on items covering ‘ease of us’, ‘usefulness’ and ‘satisfaction’. Descriptive and correlational analyses were applied.
RESULTS
Caregivers (N=79) reported between 1–33 unmet needs (M=17.20, sd=7.98) but did not always wish for support for each need (range 0–28, M=4.71, sd=6.63). Most distressing items were patient’s fatigue (M=5.58), recognising signs of disease progression (M=5.23), changes in patients’ thinking or behaviour (M=5.04), patient distress or sadness (M=4.68), and changes in caregivers’ own emotional health (M=4.44). A weak correlation was found between the total number of unmet needs and the desire for support (r=0.296, p=0.014). Caregivers most often desired support with recognising disease progression (N=24), managing medications and side-effects (N=18), and least often with managing spiritual issues (N=0), communication with (grand)children (N=2) and communication with family members and friends (N=3). Caregivers evaluated the CNS tool positively (mean item scores ranging 4.19–6.21 out of 7).
CONCLUSION
Family caregivers of brain tumour patients experience distress resulting from many neuro-oncology specific needs, but this is not directly related to a wish for support or information. Caregiver needs screening could be useful to tailor support or information to suit caregivers’ preferences in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pointon
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R Grant
- Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Peoples
- Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S Erridge
- Edinburgh Centre for Neuro-Oncology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - P Sherwood
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - M Klein
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Boele
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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24
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Galmiche S, Charmet T, Schaeffer L, Paireau J, Grant R, Chény O, Von Platen C, Maurizot A, Blanc C, Dinis A, Martin S, Omar F, David C, Septfons A, Cauchemez S, Carrat F, Mailles A, Levy-Bruhl D, Fontanet A. Exposures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in France: A nationwide online case-control study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 7:100148. [PMID: 34124709 PMCID: PMC8183123 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the role of different setting and activities in acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS In this nationwide case-control study, cases were SARS-CoV-2 infected adults recruited between 27 October and 30 November 2020. Controls were individuals from the Ipsos market research database matched to cases by age, sex, region, population density and time period. Participants completed an online questionnaire on recent activity-related exposures. FINDINGS Among 3426 cases and 1713 controls, in multivariable analysis, we found an increased risk of infection associated with any additional person living in the household (adjusted-OR: 1•16; 95%CI: 1•11-1•21); having children attending day-care (aOR: 1•31; 95%CI: 1•02-1•62), kindergarten (aOR: 1•27; 95%CI: 1•09-1•45), middle school (aOR: 1•30; 95%CI: 1•15-1•47), or high school (aOR: 1•18; 95%CI: 1•05-1•34); with attending professional (aOR: 1•15; 95%CI: 1•04-1•26) or private gatherings (aOR: 1•57; 95%CI: 1•45-1•71); and with having frequented bars and restaurants (aOR: 1•95; 95%CI: 1•76-2•15), or having practiced indoor sports activities (aOR: 1•36; 95%CI: 1•15-1•62). We found no increase in risk associated with frequenting shops, cultural or religious gatherings, or with transportation, except for carpooling (aOR: 1•47; 95%CI: 1•28-1•69). Teleworking was associated with decreased risk of infection (aOR: 0•65; 95%CI: 0•56-0•75). INTERPRETATION Places and activities during which infection prevention and control measures may be difficult to fully enforce were those with increased risk of infection. Children attending day-care, kindergarten, middle and high schools, but not primary schools, were potential sources of infection for the household. FUNDING Institut Pasteur, Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases (REACTing), Fondation de France (Alliance" Tous unis contre le virus").
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Galmiche
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Tiffany Charmet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laura Schaeffer
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Paireau
- Institut Pasteur, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit; UMR2000; CNRS, Paris, France
- Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Chény
- Institut Pasteur, Centre for Translational Research, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Carole Blanc
- Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie, Paris, France
| | - Annika Dinis
- Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Cauchemez
- Institut Pasteur, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit; UMR2000; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, IPLESP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, APHP, 27 rue Chaligny, Paris, France F75571
| | | | | | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
- Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Unité PACRI, Paris, France
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25
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Galmiche S, Charmet T, Schaeffer L, Paireau J, Grant R, Chény O, Von Platen C, Maurizot A, Blanc C, Dinis A, Martin S, Omar F, David C, Septfons A, Cauchemez S, Carrat F, Mailles A, Levy-Bruhl D, Fontanet A. Exposures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in France: A nationwide online case-control study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 7:100148. [PMID: 34124709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the role of different setting and activities in acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS In this nationwide case-control study, cases were SARS-CoV-2 infected adults recruited between 27 October and 30 November 2020. Controls were individuals from the Ipsos market research database matched to cases by age, sex, region, population density and time period. Participants completed an online questionnaire on recent activity-related exposures. FINDINGS Among 3426 cases and 1713 controls, in multivariable analysis, we found an increased risk of infection associated with any additional person living in the household (adjusted-OR: 1•16; 95%CI: 1•11-1•21); having children attending day-care (aOR: 1•31; 95%CI: 1•02-1•62), kindergarten (aOR: 1•27; 95%CI: 1•09-1•45), middle school (aOR: 1•30; 95%CI: 1•15-1•47), or high school (aOR: 1•18; 95%CI: 1•05-1•34); with attending professional (aOR: 1•15; 95%CI: 1•04-1•26) or private gatherings (aOR: 1•57; 95%CI: 1•45-1•71); and with having frequented bars and restaurants (aOR: 1•95; 95%CI: 1•76-2•15), or having practiced indoor sports activities (aOR: 1•36; 95%CI: 1•15-1•62). We found no increase in risk associated with frequenting shops, cultural or religious gatherings, or with transportation, except for carpooling (aOR: 1•47; 95%CI: 1•28-1•69). Teleworking was associated with decreased risk of infection (aOR: 0•65; 95%CI: 0•56-0•75). INTERPRETATION Places and activities during which infection prevention and control measures may be difficult to fully enforce were those with increased risk of infection. Children attending day-care, kindergarten, middle and high schools, but not primary schools, were potential sources of infection for the household. FUNDING Institut Pasteur, Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases (REACTing), Fondation de France (Alliance" Tous unis contre le virus").
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Galmiche
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Tiffany Charmet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laura Schaeffer
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Paireau
- Institut Pasteur, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit; UMR2000; CNRS, Paris, France
- Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
- Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Olivia Chény
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Centre for Translational Research, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Carole Blanc
- Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie, Paris, France
| | - Annika Dinis
- Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Cauchemez
- Institut Pasteur, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit; UMR2000; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, IPLESP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, APHP, 27 rue Chaligny, Paris, France F75571
| | | | | | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
- Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Unité PACRI, Paris, France
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26
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Charmet T, Schaeffer L, Grant R, Galmiche S, Chény O, Von Platen C, Maurizot A, Rogoff A, Omar F, David C, Septfons A, Cauchemez S, Gaymard A, Lina B, Lefrancois LH, Enouf V, van der Werf S, Mailles A, Levy-Bruhl D, Carrat F, Fontanet A. Impact of original, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351/P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineages on vaccine effectiveness of two doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: Results from a nationwide case-control study in France. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 8:100171. [PMID: 34278372 PMCID: PMC8277121 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background We aimed to assess the effectiveness of two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against COVID-19 with the original virus and other lineages circulating in France. Methods In this nationwide case-control study, cases were SARS-CoV-2 infected adults with onset of symptoms between 14 February and 3 May 2021. Controls were non-infected adults from a national representative panel matched to cases by age, sex, region, population density and calendar week. Participants completed an online questionnaire on recent activity-related exposures and vaccination history. Information about the infecting virus was based on a screening RT-PCR for either B.1.1.7 or B.1.351/P.1 variants. Findings Included in our analysis were 7 288 adults infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 virus, 31 313 with the B.1.1.7 lineage, 2 550 with B.1.351/P1 lineages, and 3 644 controls. In multivariable analysis, the vaccine effectiveness (95% confidence interval) seven days after the second dose of mRNA vaccine was estimated at 88% (81-92), 86% (81-90) and 77% (63-86) against COVID-19 with the original virus, the B.1.1.7 lineage, and the B.1.351/P.1 lineages, respectively. Recent (2 to 6 months) history of virologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to be 83% (76-88), 88% (85-91) and 83% (71-90) protective against COVID-19 with the original virus, the B.1.1.7 lineage, and the B.1.351/P.1 lineages, respectively; and more distant (> 6 months) infections were 76% (54-87), 84% (75-90), and 74% (41-89) protective against COVID-19 with the original virus, the B.1.1.7 lineage, and the B.1.351/P.1 lineages, respectively. Interpretation In real-life settings, two doses of mRNA vaccines proved to be effective against COVID-19 with the original virus, B.1.1.7 lineage and B.1.351/P.1 lineages. Funding Institut Pasteur, Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases (REACTing), Fondation de France (Alliance “Tous unis contre le virus”).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Charmet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laura Schaeffer
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Simon Galmiche
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Chény
- Institut Pasteur, Centre for Translational Research, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon Cauchemez
- Institut Pasteur, Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit; UMR2000; CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Gaymard
- CNR des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon.,Virpath, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- CNR des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon.,Virpath, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Louise H Lefrancois
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3569; Université de Paris, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Enouf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3569; Université de Paris, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Mutualized Platform of Microbiology, Pasteur International Bioresources Network, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3569; Université de Paris, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Fabrice Carrat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, IPLESP, hôpital Saint-Antoine, APHP, 27 rue Chaligny, Paris F75571, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France.,Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Unité PACRI, Paris, France
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Grant R, Nguyen TTT, Dao MH, Pham HTT, Piorkowski G, Pham TDT, Cao TM, Huynh LTK, Nguyen QH, Vien LDK, Lemoine F, Zhukova A, Hoang DTN, Nguyen HT, Nguyen NT, Le LB, Ngo MNQ, Tran TC, Le NNT, Nguyen MN, Pham HT, Hoang TTD, Dang TV, Vu AT, Nguyen QNT, de Lamballerie X, Pham QD, Luong QC, Fontanet A. Maternal and neonatal outcomes related to Zika virus in pregnant women in Southern Vietnam: An epidemiological and virological prospective analysis. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 11:100163. [PMID: 34327365 PMCID: PMC8315393 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background In 2016-2017, 68 women in Southern Vietnam had RT-PCR confirmed Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy. We report here the outcomes of the pregnancies and the virological analyses related to this outbreak. Methods We collected clinical and epidemiological information from the women who were enrolled in the study. Medical records related to the pregnancy in 2016-2017 were retrieved for those who were not able to be enrolled in the study. Children born to women with ZIKV infection during pregnancy were also enrolled. Serum samples were evaluated for presence of ZIKV antibodies. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on Zika virus genomes sequenced from the 2016-2017 serum samples. Findings Of the 68 pregnancies, 58 were livebirths and 10 were medically terminated. Four of the medical records from cases of fetal demise were able to be retrieved, of which one was consistent with congenital ZIKV infection. Of the 58 women with a livebirth, 21 participated in the follow-up investigation. All but two women had serologic evidence of ZIKV infection. Of the 21 children included in the study (mean age: 30.3 months), 3 had microcephaly at birth. No other clinical abnormalities were reported and no differences in neurodevelopment were observed compared to a control group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clade within the ZIKV Asian lineage and branch at the root of samples from the 2013-2014 French Polynesian outbreak. The prM S139N mutation was not observed. Interpretation We have been able to demonstrate a clade within the ZIKV Asian lineage implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes in Southern Vietnam. Funding INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005) and a grant received from BNP Paribas Simplidon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Emergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lien Bich Le
- Children's Hospital Number 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thach Van Dang
- Centre of Educational Development, Psychological Intervention and Languages Nang Mai, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Mental Health Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Thi Vu
- Centre of Educational Development, Psychological Intervention and Languages Nang Mai, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quyen Ngoc Truc Nguyen
- Centre of Educational Development, Psychological Intervention and Languages Nang Mai, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
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Jenkinson PW, Plevris N, Lyons M, Grant R, Fulforth J, Kirkwood K, Arnott ID, Wilson D, Watson AJM, Jones GR, Lees CW. Analysis of colectomy rates for ulcerative colitis in pre- and postbiological eras in Lothian, Scotland. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:1175-1183. [PMID: 33350054 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Biological treatment is effective in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis (UC), although the effect on colectomy rates remains unclear. In the UK the use of antitumour necrosis factor and anti-α4β7 treatments for maintenance therapy in UC was restricted until 2015. The aim of this study was to describe the impact that this change in the prescribing of biologicals had on colectomy rates for UC. METHOD All patients (adult and paediatric) with a diagnosis of UC who received maintenance biological treatment and/or underwent a colectomy in Lothian, Scotland between 2005 and 2018 were identified. Linear and segmental regression analyses were used to identify the annual percentage change (APC) and temporal trends (statistical joinpoints) in biological prescription and colectomy rates. RESULTS Rates of initiation of maintenance biological therapy increased from 0.05 per 100 UC patients in 2005 to 1.26 in 2018 (p < 0.001). Colectomy rates per 100 UC patients fell from 1.47 colectomies in 2005 to 0.44 in 2018 (p < 0.001). The APC for colectomy decreased by 4.1% per year between 2005 and 2014 and by 18.9% between 2014 and 2018. Temporal trend analysis (2005-2018) identified a significant joinpoint in colectomy rates in 2014 (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION The use of maintenance biological therapy increased sharply following the change in guidance. This has been paralleled by a significant reduction in the rates of colectomy over the same time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Jenkinson
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of General Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - Nikolas Plevris
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - James Fulforth
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kate Kirkwood
- Department of Histopathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian D Arnott
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Charlie W Lees
- The Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Fontanet A, Tondeur L, Grant R, Temmam S, Madec Y, Bigot T, Grzelak L, Cailleau I, Besombes C, Ungeheuer MN, Renaudat C, Perlaza BL, Arowas L, Jolly N, Pellerin SF, Kuhmel L, Staropoli I, Huon C, Chen KY, Crescenzo-Chaigne B, Munier S, Charneau P, Demeret C, Bruel T, Eloit M, Schwartz O, Hoen B. SARS-CoV-2 infection in schools in a northern French city: a retrospective serological cohort study in an area of high transmission, France, January to April 2020. Euro Surveill 2021; 26:2001695. [PMID: 33860747 PMCID: PMC8167414 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.15.2001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChildren's role in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology remains unclear. We investigated an initially unnoticed SARS-CoV-2 outbreak linked to schools in northern France, beginning as early as mid-January 2020.AimsThis retrospective observational study documents the extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, linked to an affected high school (n = 664 participants) and primary schools (n = 1,340 study participants), in the context of unsuspected SARS-CoV-2 circulation and limited control measures.MethodsBetween 30 March and 30 April 2020, all school staff, as well as pupils and their parents and relatives were invited for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and to complete a questionnaire covering symptom history since 13 January 2020.ResultsIn the high school, infection attack rates were 38.1% (91/239), 43.4% (23/53), and 59.3% (16/27), in pupils, teachers, and non-teaching staff respectively vs 10.1% (23/228) and 12.0% (14/117) in the pupils' parents and relatives (p < 0.001). Among the six primary schools, three children attending separate schools at the outbreak start, while symptomatic, might have introduced SARS-CoV-2 there, but symptomatic secondary cases related to them could not be definitely identified. In the primary schools overall, antibody prevalence in pupils sharing classes with symptomatic cases was higher than in pupils from other classes: 15/65 (23.1%) vs 30/445 (6.7%) (p < 0.001). Among 46 SARS-CoV-2 seropositive pupils < 12 years old, 20 were asymptomatic. Whether past HKU1 and OC43 seasonal coronavirus infection protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in 6-11 year olds could not be inferred.ConclusionsViral circulation can occur in high and primary schools so keeping them open requires consideration of appropriate control measures and enhanced surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Temmam
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bigot
- Bioinformatic and Biostatistic Hub - Computational Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Besombes
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer
- ICAReB platform (Clinical Investigation & Access to Research Bioresources) of the Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Renaudat
- ICAReB platform (Clinical Investigation & Access to Research Bioresources) of the Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Blanca Liliana Perlaza
- ICAReB platform (Clinical Investigation & Access to Research Bioresources) of the Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Arowas
- ICAReB platform (Clinical Investigation & Access to Research Bioresources) of the Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Jolly
- Center for Translational Sciences, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Lucie Kuhmel
- Medical Center of the Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Christèle Huon
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kuang-Yu Chen
- RNA Biology of Influenza Virus, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Crescenzo-Chaigne
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sandie Munier
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Laboratoire Commun Pasteur/TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demeret
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3569, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Direction de la recherche médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Grant R, Dub T, Andrianou X, Nohynek H, Wilder-Smith A, Pezzotti P, Fontanet A. SARS-CoV-2 population-based seroprevalence studies in Europe: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045425. [PMID: 33795310 PMCID: PMC8021754 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to review SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies conducted in Europe to understand how they may be used to inform ongoing control strategies for COVID-19. DESIGN Scoping review of peer-reviewed publications and manuscripts on preprint servers from January 2020 to 15 September 2020. PRIMARY MEASURE Seroprevalence estimate (and lower and upper CIs). For studies conducted across a country or territory, we used the seroprevalence estimate and the upper and lower CIs and compared them to the total number of reported infections to calculate the ratio of reported to expected infections. RESULTS We identified 23 population-based seroprevalence studies conducted in Europe. Among 12 general population studies, seroprevalence ranged from 0.42% among residual clinical samples in Greece to 13.6% in an area of high transmission in Gangelt, Germany. Of the eight studies in blood donors, seroprevalence ranged from 0.91% in North-Western Germany to 23.3% in a high-transmission area in Lombardy region, Italy. In three studies which recruited individuals through employment, seroprevalence ranged from 0.5% among factory workers in Frankfurt, Germany, to 10.2% among university employees in Milan, Italy. In comparison to nationally reported cases, the extent of infection, as derived from these seroprevalence estimates, is manyfold higher and largely heterogeneous. CONCLUSION Exposure to the virus in Europe has not reached a level of infection that would prevent further circulation of the virus. Effective vaccine candidates are urgently required to deliver the level of immunity in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Dub
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xanthi Andrianou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
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Grant R, Coopman K, Silva-Gomes S, Campbell JJ, Kara B, Braybrook J, Petzing J. Assessment of Protocol Impact on Subjectivity Uncertainty When Analyzing Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Flow Cytometry Data Files. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:24. [PMID: 33808088 PMCID: PMC8103269 DOI: 10.3390/mps4020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Measured variability of product within Cell and Gene Therapy (CGT) manufacturing arises from numerous sources across pre-analytical to post-analytical phases of testing. Operators are a function of the manufacturing process and are an important source of variability as a result of personal differences impacted by numerous factors. This research uses measurement uncertainty in comparison to Coefficient of Variation to quantify variation of participants when they complete Flow Cytometry data analysis through a 5-step gating sequence. Two study stages captured participants applying gates using their own judgement, and then following a diagrammatical protocol, respectively. Measurement uncertainty was quantified for each participant (and analysis phase) by following Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement protocols, combining their standard deviations in quadrature from each gating step in the respective protocols. When participants followed a diagrammatical protocol, variation between participants reduced by 57%, increasing confidence in a more uniform reported cell count percentage. Measurement uncertainty provided greater resolution to the analysis processes, identifying that most variability contributed in the Flow Cytometry gating process is from the very first gate, where isolating target cells from dead or dying cells is required. This work has demonstrated the potential for greater usage of measurement uncertainty within CGT manufacturing scenarios, due to the resolution it provides for root cause analysis and continuous improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Karen Coopman
- Department of Aeronautical, Automotive, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Sandro Silva-Gomes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (S.S.-G.); (B.K.)
| | | | - Bo Kara
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; (S.S.-G.); (B.K.)
| | - Julian Braybrook
- LGC Group, Queen’s Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK; (J.J.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jon Petzing
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK;
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Devi Sridhar
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Grant R, Fléchelles O, Tressières B, Dialo M, Elenga N, Mediamolle N, Mallard A, Hebert JC, Lachaume N, Couchy E, Hoen B, Fontanet A. In utero Zika virus exposure and neurodevelopment at 24 months in toddlers normocephalic at birth: a cohort study. BMC Med 2021; 19:12. [PMID: 33472606 PMCID: PMC7819189 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero exposure to Zika virus (ZIKV) is known to be associated with birth defects. The impact of in utero ZIKV exposure on neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of in utero ZIKV exposure on neurodevelopment at 24 months of age among toddlers who were born normocephalic to women who were pregnant during the 2016 ZIKV outbreak in French territories in the Americas. METHODS We conducted a population-based mother-child cohort study of women whose pregnancies overlapped with the 2016 ZIKV epidemic in Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guiana. Infants were included in this analysis if maternal ZIKV infection during pregnancy could be determined, the newborn had a gestational age ≥ 35 weeks, there were no abnormal transfontanelle cerebral ultrasound findings after delivery or no abnormal ultrasound findings on the last ultrasound performed during the third trimester of the mother's pregnancy, there was an absence of microcephaly at birth, and the parent completed the 24-month neurodevelopment assessment of the infant at 24 months (± 1 month) of age. ZIKV exposure of the toddler was determined by evidence of maternal ZIKV infection during pregnancy. Neurodevelopment assessments included the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) for five dimensions of general development-communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social skills; the Modified Checklist for Autism on Toddlers (M-CHAT) for behavior; and the French MacArthur Inventory Scales (IFDC) for French language acquisition. RESULTS Between June 2018 and August 2019, 156 toddlers with and 79 toddlers without in utero ZIKV exposure completed neurodevelopment assessments. Twenty-four (15.4%) ZIKV-exposed toddlers and 20 (25.3%) ZIKV-unexposed toddlers had an ASQ result below the reference - 2SD cut-off (P = 0.10) for at least one of the five ASQ dimensions. CONCLUSION In one of the largest population-based cohorts of in utero ZIKV-exposed, normocephalic newborns to date, there were minimal differences apparent in neurodevelopment outcomes at 24 months of age compared to ZIKV-unexposed toddlers at 24 months of age. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02810210 . Registered 20 June 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoît Tressières
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles - Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Mama Dialo
- CHU de la Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elvire Couchy
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles - Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles - Guyane, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France.
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Tan C, Chan D, Grant R, Manganas C. P09 Aortocavitary Fistula: A Rare Complication of Serratia Marcescens Endocarditis. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.03.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Grant R, Coopman K, Medcalf N, Silva-Gomes S, Campbell JJ, Kara B, Braybrook J, Petzing J. Quantifying Operator Subjectivity within Flow Cytometry Data Analysis as a Source of Measurement Uncertainty and the Impact of Experience on Results. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2021; 75:33-47. [PMID: 33067330 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2019.011213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a complex measurement characterization technique, utilized within the manufacture, measurement, and release of cell and gene therapy products for rapid, high-content, and multiplexed discriminatory cell analysis. A number of factors influence the variability in the measurement reported including, but not limited to, biological variation, reagent variation, laser and optical configurations, and data analysis methods. This research focused on understanding the contribution of manual operator variability within the data analysis phase. Thirty-eight participants completed a questionnaire, providing information about experience and motivational factors, before completing a simple gating study. The results were analyzed using gauge repeatability and reproducibility techniques to quantify participant uncertainty. The various stages of the gating sequence were combined through summation in quadrature and expanded to give each participant a representative uncertainty value. Of the participants surveyed, 85% preferred manual gating to automated data analysis, with the primary reasons being legacy ("it's always been done that way") and accuracy, not in the metrological sense but in the clear definition of the correct target population. The median expanded uncertainty was calculated as 3.6% for the population studied, with no significant difference among more or less experienced users. Operator subjectivity can be quantified to include within measurement uncertainty budgets, required for various standards and qualifications. An emphasis on biomanufacturing measurement terminology is needed to help understand future and potential solutions, possibly looking at translational clinical models to engage and enhance better training and protocols within industrial and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom;
| | - Karen Coopman
- Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Medcalf
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Bo Kara
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, United Kingdom; and
| | - Julian Braybrook
- LGC, Queen's Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LY, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Petzing
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Grant R. Archivists Managing Research Data? a Survey of Irish Organisations. IJDC 2020. [DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a survey undertaken in 2017 to establish which research data management policies and practices were in place at Irish organisations; the extent to which archivists and records managers were employed to manage research data at those organisations; and the impact that archival skills have on research data management at an organisation. The paper describes the survey methods and data analysis, and presents findings including the presence of archivists and records managers at more than half of the surveyed organisations. Next steps for the research are also outlined.
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Pearce R, Grant R. Do Open Data Badges Influence Author Behaviour? a Case Study at Springer Nature. IJDC 2020. [DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v15i1.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital badges have previously been shown to incentivise journal authors to share their data openly. In this paper we introduce an Open data badging project at the Springer Nature journal BMC Microbiology. The development of the Open data badge is described, as well as the challenges of developing standard badging criteria and ensuring authors’ awareness of the badges. Next steps for the badging project are outlined, which are based on the experiences of the team assessing the badges, the number of badges awarded at the journal to date, and the results of an author survey.
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Devarshi P, Chung R, Reider C, Grant R, Hazels Mitmesser S. Nutrient Gaps in US Adults by Age and Gender: Vitamin A, D, E, K, C, Magnesium, Calcium, Choline and Dietary Fiber. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fafi-Kremer S, Bruel T, Madec Y, Grant R, Tondeur L, Grzelak L, Staropoli I, Anna F, Souque P, Fernandes-Pellerin S, Jolly N, Renaudat C, Ungeheuer MN, Schmidt-Mutter C, Collongues N, Bolle A, Velay A, Lefebvre N, Mielcarek M, Meyer N, Rey D, Charneau P, Hoen B, De Seze J, Schwartz O, Fontanet A. Serologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital staff with mild disease in eastern France. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102915. [PMID: 32747185 PMCID: PMC7502660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serologic response of individuals with mild forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly characterized. METHODS Hospital staff who had recovered from mild forms of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using two assays: a rapid immunodiagnostic test (99.4% specificity) and the S-Flow assay (~99% specificity). The neutralizing activity of the sera was tested with a pseudovirus-based assay. FINDINGS Of 162 hospital staff who participated in the investigation, 160 reported SARS-CoV-2 infection that had not required hospital admission and were included in these analyses. The median time from symptom onset to blood sample collection was 24 days (IQR: 21-28, range 13-39). The rapid immunodiagnostic test detected antibodies in 153 (95.6%) of the samples and the S-Flow assay in 159 (99.4%), failing to detect antibodies in one sample collected 18 days after symptom onset (the rapid test did not detect antibodies in that patient). Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were detected in 79%, 92% and 98% of samples collected 13-20, 21-27 and 28-41 days after symptom onset, respectively (P = 0.02). INTERPRETATION Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in virtually all hospital staff sampled from 13 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. This finding supports the use of serologic testing for the diagnosis of individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The neutralizing activity of the antibodies increased overtime. Future studies will help assess the persistence of the humoral response and its associated neutralization capacity in recovered patients. FUNDINGS The funders had no role in study design, data collection, interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Fafi-Kremer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de virologie, F-67091 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France.
| | - Yoann Madec
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France; Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | | | - Philippe Souque
- Molecular Virology & Vaccinology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Jolly
- Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Renaudat
- Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Clinical Investigation & Access to BioResources Platform, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer
- Center for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Clinical Investigation & Access to BioResources Platform, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Collongues
- Centre d'investigation Clinique INSERM 1434, CHU Strasbourg, France; CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Neurologie, F-67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Bolle
- Centre d'investigation Clinique INSERM 1434, CHU Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Velay
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de virologie, F-67091 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Lefebvre
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service des infectieuses et tropicales, F-67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Mielcarek
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de santé Publique, GMRC, F-67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de santé Publique, GMRC, F-67091 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, iCUBE UMR 7357, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Rey
- CHU de Strasbourg, Pôle SMO, le Trait d'Union, F-67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Pasteur-TheraVectys joined unit; Molecular Virology & Vaccinology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Hoen
- Direction de la recherche médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme De Seze
- Centre d'investigation Clinique INSERM 1434, CHU Strasbourg, France; CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Neurologie, F-67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France; Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, PACRI Unit, Paris, France
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Grant R, Nguyen LBL, Breban R. Modelling human-to-human transmission of monkeypox. Bull World Health Organ 2020; 98:638-640. [PMID: 33012864 PMCID: PMC7463189 DOI: 10.2471/blt.19.242347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grant
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Liem-Binh Luong Nguyen
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romulus Breban
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Grant R, Malik MR, Elkholy A, Van Kerkhove MD. A Review of Asymptomatic and Subclinical Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections. Epidemiol Rev 2020; 41:69-81. [PMID: 31781765 PMCID: PMC7108493 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since 2012 has been largely characterized by recurrent zoonotic spillover from dromedary camels followed by limited human-to-human transmission, predominantly in health-care settings. The full extent of infection of MERS-CoV is not clear, nor is the extent and/or role of asymptomatic infections in transmission. We conducted a review of molecular and serological investigations through PubMed and EMBASE from September 2012 to November 15, 2018, to measure subclinical or asymptomatic MERS-CoV infection within and outside of health-care settings. We performed retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infections reported to the World Health Organization to November 27, 2018, to summarize what is known about asymptomatic infections identified through national surveillance systems. We identified 23 studies reporting evidence of MERS-CoV infection outside of health-care settings, mainly of camel workers, with seroprevalence ranges of 0%–67% depending on the study location. We identified 20 studies in health-care settings of health-care worker (HCW) and family contacts, of which 11 documented molecular evidence of MERS-CoV infection among asymptomatic contacts. Since 2012, 298 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported as asymptomatic to the World Health Organization, 164 of whom were HCWs. The potential to transmit MERS-CoV to others has been demonstrated in viral-shedding studies of asymptomatic MERS infections. Our results highlight the possibility for onward transmission of MERS-CoV from asymptomatic individuals. Screening of HCW contacts of patients with confirmed MERS-CoV is currently recommended, but systematic screening of non-HCW contacts outside of health-care facilities should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria D Van Kerkhove
- Correspondence to Maria D. Van Kerkhove, PhD, Department of Infectious Hazards Management, Health Emergencies Program, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland (e-mail: )
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Grant R, Smith G, Hrynaszkiewicz I. Assessing Metadata and Curation Quality. IJDC 2020. [DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v14i1.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2017, the publisher Springer Nature has provided an optional Research Data Support service to help researchers deposit and curate data that support their peer-reviewed publications. This service builds on a Research Data Helpdesk, which since 2016 has provided support to authors and editors who need advice on the options available for sharing their research data. In this paper, we describe a short project which aimed to facilitate an objective assessment of metadata quality, undertaken during the development of a third-party curation service for researchers (Research Data Support). We provide details on the single-blind user-testing that was undertaken, and the results gathered during this experiment. We also briefly describe the curation services which have been developed and introduced following an initial period of testing and piloting.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between plant food consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) in a healthy population when age, gender, BMI and physical activity are accounted for. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Participants were recruited from the Sydney Adventist hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS 33 males and 40 females (total n=73) participated in this study. The mean age was 56.1 ± 8.5 years. All participants were non-diabetic and in general good health. MEASUREMENTS A principle component analysis (PCA) was performed on 12 month self-report food intake data, gathered using the Cancer Council Victoria Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies Version 2. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure total BMD. Fasting plasma total protein, calcium and 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D levels were analysed by the Sydney Adventist Hospital pathology laboratory. Anthropometric measures were obtained using a standardized protocol. Self-reported physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS The PCA revealed three principle components. These were termed 'Meat Based', 'Junk Food' and 'Plant Based.' After controlling for age, gender, physical activity and BMI, the Plant Based component correlated positively with BMD (p=0.054, R2=0.439) and T-score (p=0.053, R2=0.221). Using a similar model no association between the Meat Based component and BMD or T-score was found. However, when the Plant Based component was included the Meat Based component correlated positively with BMD (p=0.046, R2=0.474) and T-score (p=0.046, R2=0.279). There was no significant association between the Junk Food component and BMD or T-score. People in the third Plant (927 ± 339 vs 751 ± 255 g/day, p=0.025) and Meat Based (921 ± 270 vs 676 ± 241 g/day, p=0.002) tertile had higher calcium intakes than those in the first. People in the second Plant Based tertile had higher plasma Vitamin D levels than those in the first (63.5 ± 16.8 vs. 52.3 ± 22.1 nmol/L, p=0.053) while those in the third Junk Food tertile had lower levels than those in the first (52.4 ± 18.5 vs. 65.4 ± 19.8 nmol/L, p=0.027). No association between Plant Based tertiles and protein intake was observed, however those in the third Meat Based (99.7 ± 25.1 vs. 50.9 ± 13.8 g/day, p=0.000) and Junk Food (87.4 ± 30.7 vs. 56.6 ± 22.2 g/day, p=0.000) tertile had higher protein intake compared to those in the first tertile. CONCLUSION In a healthy middle aged population with normal BMD, an increase in plant food consumption, either alone or in combination with a diet containing meat, is associated with improved bone mineralisation markers. This positive relationship is most likely due to the extensive range of micronutrients and phytochemicals packaged within plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Berg
- Ross Grant, The University of Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, 185 Fox Valley Rd, Wahroonga, NSW Australia, Phone: +61 2 9487 9602,
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Rudà R, Hellot S, De Backer M, Chan J, Joeres L, Leunikava I, Grant R. OS10.2 Effectiveness and tolerability of lacosamide as add-on therapy in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy: results from a prospective, non-interventional study in European clinical practice. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz126.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Data on the use of lacosamide (LCM) for the treatment of brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of LCM added to 1 or 2 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of patients with epilepsy due to low-grade primary brain tumor.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Prospective, multicenter, single-arm, non-interventional study with a 6-month observation period (EP0045; NCT02276053). LCM was added to existing treatment with 1 or 2 AEDs. Patients aged ≥16 years with BTRE secondary to low-grade glioma (WHO Grade I-II) were eligible. Primary endpoints: patients experiencing a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency from Baseline to Month 6; Patient’s Global Impression of Change (PGIC) rating at Month 6. Secondary endpoints: Kaplan-Meier estimated retention rate and change from Baseline in quality-of-life to Month 6 (EQ-5D-5L and MDASI-BT). Safety variables: occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and ADRs leading to discontinuation. The present analysis was performed for the safety set: all patients who took ≥1 dose of lacosamide.
RESULTS
The study was conducted between November 2014 and December 2017. Patients were enrolled from 24 sites in Italy, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Spain. 93 patients started LCM (mean [SD] age: 44.5 [14.7] years; 50 [53.8%] male); 14 (15.1%) withdrew from the study by 6 months. 85 (91.4%) patients had low-grade glioma, 3 (3.2%) had suspected glioma, 3 (3.2%) had meningioma, 1 (1.1%) had craniopharyngioma, and 1 (1.1%) had a histologically unverified tumor. At 6-months, 66 (71.0%) patients reported a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, 30 (32.3%) of whom were seizure-free. Improvements on PGIC were reported by 49 (52.7%) patients. The Kaplan-Meier estimated 6-month retention rate was 86.0%. Quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) and symptoms outcome measures (MDASI-BT) remained stable. ADRs leading to discontinuation occurred in 4 (4.3%) patients, most commonly vertigo (2 [2.2%] patients).
CONCLUSION
This is the first prospective, multicenter study focusing on epilepsy due to slow-growing tumors (mainly low-grade gliomas), treated with LCM. The results suggest that LCM reduces seizures in patients with resistant BTRE. The majority of patients noticed a clinical improvement with the addition of LCM. Observed ADRs were consistent with the known safety profile of LCM. STUDY SUPPORTED BY: UCB Pharma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rudà
- City of Health and Science Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Hellot
- UCB Pharma, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - J Chan
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - L Joeres
- UCB Pharma, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - R Grant
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Oort Q, Dirven L, Boele F, Grant R, Sato H, Talacchi A, Young T, Reijneveld JC, Taphoorn MJB. OS3.3 Development of an EORTC questionnaire measuring instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in patients with brain tumours: phase I-III. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz126.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In brain tumour patients, impairments in every day functioning can impact quality of life, and are therefore an important outcome in both clinical trials and practice. One way to measure every day functioning is with an activities of daily living (ADL) questionnaire. Instrumental ADL (IADL) are the cognitively more complex activities, that are essential to function autonomously within society. Cognitive decline may therefore negatively impact IADL, making these activities particularly relevant to brain tumour patients. The aim of this study is to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure IADL in primary malignant and metastatic brain tumour patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The questionnaire development study followed the standard European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) four phase methodology: (I) generation of activities list, (II) construction of item list, (III) pre-testing, and (IV) field testing. This report covers phases I-III. To ensure cross-cultural validity, participants were recruited from different countries (The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria and Japan). In phase I, potential activities were identified based on a literature review and in-depth interviews with patients, proxies and healthcare professionals. In phase II, activities were turned into items, and translated into all required languages by the EORTC Translation Unit. In phase III, the item list was pre-tested in patient-proxy dyads. In accordance with predetermined decision rules to reduce items, final items were selected, and preliminary psychometric properties (i.e. factor structure, validity, reliability) were assessed.
RESULTS
Phase I (N=44 dyads) resulted in 59 IADL activities which were converted into 59 items in phase II. In phase III, N=85 dyads completed and reviewed this item list. The item list was subsequently reduced to 32 items. An exploratory factor analysis indicated several items measuring similar underlying constructs (e.g. domestic life and using computer/smartphone) showing acceptable to good (α≥0.7) internal consistency (range α=0.69–0.89). Seven items were less related to these underlying constructs (e.g. work or managing your own medication), and therefore single items. Construct validity, measured with known-group comparisons analyses between cognitively impaired and unimpaired patients, showed significant differences in scores between the two groups on some scales and several single items.
CONCLUSION
The currently developed EORTC IADL-BN32 questionnaire can be a valuable asset in assessing IADL functioning in brain tumour patients, but further validation in phase IV is required and is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Oort
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Dirven
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - F Boele
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R Grant
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - H Sato
- Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - A Talacchi
- University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - T Young
- Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - J C Reijneveld
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Besombes C, Gonofio E, Konamna X, Selekon B, Grant R, Gessain A, Berthet N, Manuguerra JC, Fontanet A, Nakouné E. Intrafamily Transmission of Monkeypox Virus, Central African Republic, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1602-1604. [PMID: 31216261 PMCID: PMC6649310 DOI: 10.3201/eid2508.190112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox is a rare viral zoonotic disease; primary infections are reported from remote forest areas of Central and West Africa. We report an investigation of a monkeypox outbreak in Lobaye, southwest Central African Republic, in October 2018.
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Elkholy AA, Grant R, Assiri A, Elhakim M, Malik MR, Van Kerkhove MD. MERS-CoV infection among healthcare workers and risk factors for death: Retrospective analysis of all laboratory-confirmed cases reported to WHO from 2012 to 2 June 2018. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:418-422. [PMID: 31056437 PMCID: PMC7102841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately half of the reported laboratory-confirmed infections of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have occurred in healthcare settings, and healthcare workers constitute over one third of all secondary infections. This study aimed to describe secondary cases of MERS-CoV infection among healthcare workers and to identify risk factors for death. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on epidemiological data of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases reported to the World Health Organization from September 2012 to 2 June 2018. We compared all secondary cases among healthcare workers with secondary cases among non-healthcare workers. Multivariable logistic regression identified risk factors for death. Results Of the 2223 laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases reported to WHO, 415 were healthcare workers and 1783 were non-healthcare workers. Compared with non-healthcare workers cases, healthcare workers cases were younger (P < 0.001), more likely to be female (P < 0.001), non-nationals (P < 0.001) and asymptomatic (P < 0.001), and have fewer comorbidities (P < 0.001) and higher rates of survival (P < 0.001). Year of infection (2013–2018) and having no comorbidities were independent protective factors against death among secondary healthcare workers cases. Conclusion Being able to protect healthcare workers from high threat respiratory pathogens, such as MERS-CoV is important for being able to reduce secondary transmission of MERS-CoV in healthcare-associated outbreaks. By extension, reducing infection in healthcare workers improves continuity of care for all patients within healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad A Elkholy
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Centre for Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Department of Infectious Hazard Management, WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Mohamed Elhakim
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamunur R Malik
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maria D Van Kerkhove
- Department of Infectious Hazard Management, WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Dargél AA, Volant S, Saha S, Etain B, Grant R, Azorin JM, Gard S, Bellivier F, Bougerol T, Kahn JP, Roux P, Aubin V, Courtet P, Leboyer M, Scott J, Henry C. Activation Levels, Cardiovascular Risk, and Functional Impairment in Remitted Bipolar Patients: Clinical Relevance of a Dimensional Approach. Psychother Psychosom 2019; 88:45-47. [PMID: 30308490 DOI: 10.1159/000493690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aroldo A Dargél
- Unité Perception et Mémoire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre Thérapeutique et Préventif de Jour Troubles Bipolaires, Clinique Bellevue, Meudon, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (C3BI), USR 3756 IP CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Soham Saha
- Unité Perception et Mémoire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences Tête et Cou, INSERM UMRS 1144, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca Grant
- Center for Global Health (CGH), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Azorin
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | - Sebastian Gard
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,Centre Expert Troubles Bipolaires, Service de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital Charles-Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences Tête et Cou, INSERM UMRS 1144, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bougerol
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU de Grenoble et des Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN) Inserm U 836, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Kahn
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy - Hôpitaux de Brabois, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Paul Roux
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France.,University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Valerie Aubin
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,Pôle de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, France.,Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | | | - Jan Scott
- Department of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Chantal Henry
- Unité Perception et Mémoire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, .,Fondation FondaMental, Fondation de Cooperation Scientifique, Créteil, .,Pôle de Psychiatrie, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Créteil, .,INSERM, U955, Université Paris-Est, Créteil,
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Jones L, Grant R, Hrynaszkiewicz I. Implementing publisher policies that inform, support and encourage authors to share data: two case studies. Insights the UKSG journal 2019. [DOI: 10.1629/uksg.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zienius K, Brennan P, Grant R. TM1-4 Verbal fluency test in patients with a newly diagnosed brain tumour. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesUtility of a simple 1 min cognitive screening tool, verbal fluency test, as a potential risk assessment tool for GPs for a suspected brain tumour.DesignCase-control study; patients with new diagnosis of brain tumour with a history of headache and patients referred for direct-access-CT for headache without a brain tumour.Subjects102 brain tumour patients: 34.3% HGG, meningioma 21.6%, cerebrals metastases 17.6%, LGG 11.8%, others (pituitary, schwannoma, haemangioblastoma) 11.8%, and CNS lymphoma 2.9%.MethodsGroup differences analysed with ANCOVA with age/gender as covariates.ResultsMean age was similar across both groups. There were more females in the control group. Tumour patients obtained significantly lower scores on fluency test measures. The largest effect size difference was observed for semantic total and phonemic total scores (Cohen’s d=−0.97 and −0.47, respectively. Brain tumour patients named on average 4.9 animals less (95% CI −6.32,–3.42) (p<0.001) than controls. On letter P task, there was a 2.2 word-mean difference (95% CI −3.6,–0.86)(p=0.001). Forty-eight (47.1%) tumour patients and 22 (23.4%) controls had subjective memory disturbance. Tumour patients performed equally on both fluency tasks regardless of memory complaints (p>0.5).ConclusionsSemantic test is more reliable to discriminate patients with a brain tumour. In contrasts to patients without a brain tumour, subjective memory impairment is not associated with a reduced performance on verbal fluency tasks.
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