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Active immunization with a structurally aggregated PD-L1 antigen breaks T and B immune tolerance in non-human primates and exhibits in vivo anti-tumoral effects in immunocompetent mouse tumor models. Cancer Lett 2023; 561:216156. [PMID: 37019172 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking therapy in cancer treatment, only a subset of patients exhibits durable responses, therefore further exploration of other immunotherapeutic alternatives are needed. This paper reported the development of the PKPD-L1Vac vaccine, a new protein vaccine candidate that uses aluminum phosphate as an adjuvant and as an antigen the extracellular domain of human PD-L1 fused to a 47 amino-terminal portion of the LpdA protein from N. meningitides (PKPD-L1). The PKPD-L1 antigen has different physical and biological characteristics than those found in the natural molecule and in others PD-L1 vaccine candidates. The quimeric protein has a reduced binding capacity to the PD-1 and CD80 receptors to decrease their pro-tumoral activity. Besides, the distinctive feature of the PKPD-L1 polypeptide to be structurally aggregated could be desirable for its immunogenic properties. PKPD-L1Vac elicited anti-PD-L1-specific IgG antibodies and T lymphocyte-mediated immunity in mice and non-human primates. The vaccine administration demonstrated antitumor activity on CT-26 and B16-F10 primary tumor models in mice. Moreover, the immunization with PKPD-L1Vac increased the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and decreased the proportion of CD3+CD8+PD1+high anergic T cells in CT-26 tumor tissues, suggesting that the vaccine may remodel the tumor microenvironment. In summary, the PKPD-L1Vac vaccine exhibits very promising preclinical results and deserves to move forward to a phase I clinical trial.
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Valorization of shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi) processing waste via enzymatic hydrolysis: Protein extractions, hydrolysates and antioxidant peptide fractions. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Implementation of the use of SPECT-portable for evaluation of surgical margins in breast cancer with indication of ROLL: First results. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022; 42:147-155. [PMID: 36403725 DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Main objective: To compare the effectiveness for checking surgical margins between SPECT-portable and mammography of the piece (RxM). SECONDARY OBJECTIVE To standardize a pre-operative protocol using SPECT-portable and to evaluate the time required in the use of this technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective longitudinal study with 36 patients (39 lesions) diagnosed with breast cancer (CM) with criteria for SNOLL/ROLL. A pre-surgical study of the tumor lesion was performed, after the eco-guided administration of 99mTc-nanocolloids of albumin/99mTc-macroaggregates of albumin, in the tumor lesion. Hybrid images (optical + SPECT) and 3D navigation images with gamma probe are obtained using freehandSPECT. In the operating room, 4-5 images are obtained with freehandSPECT, (I) on skin for tumor location, (II) after exposure of surgical bed for resection guide, (III) of the surgical bed after exeresis, (IV and V) the anterior-posterior and lateral surface of the surgical specimen. The three criteria to decide to extend the margins are: (a) residual activity (cps) at the edges of the surgical bed resection; (b) visual analysis of the uptake in the specimen; (c) a minimum distance of 10 mm from the edges of the specimen to the center of greatest uptake, plus the radius of the lesion. We study the concordance of: the depth measurement between ultrasound and freehandSPECT; the surgical margins between freehandSPECT vs. mammography of the specimen (RxM), considering anatomical pathology (AP) as the gold standard technique as reference; surgical time used with freehandSPECT and RxM. RESULTS Intraoperative localization was performed in all cases. False negative (FN: no detection margin affected) with freehandSPECT: 9 margins; with RxM: 8. True positive (TP: detection margin affected) with freehandSPECT: 5 margins, with RxM: 6. True negative (TN: consider free margin when healthy) with freehandSPECT: 213 margins; with RxM: 196. Negative predictive value (NPV: probability of negative margin on unaffected part) with freehandSPECT: 95.9%, with RxM: 96.07%. Specificity with freehandSPECT: 96.8%, with RxM: 97%. The concordance of surgical bed margins between freehandSPECT and RxM: 94.5%. Between freehandSPECT and AP: 93.1%. Between RxM and PA: 93.5%, being all statistically significant (p-value <0.000), so we can affirm that both techniques are related or dependent on the reference technique, the PA. Degree of correlation between SPECT-portable and low PA (Kappa index: 0.34, 95% CI [0.22-0.47], and between RxM and moderate PA (Kappa index: 0.42, 95% CI [0.29-0.56], p-value <0.001. Comparison of the successes and failures of both techniques (SPECT-portable and RxM) and PA: Distribution χ2: 0.023 with degree of freedom 1, with value <0.05, so we can affirm that both techniques are similar, since there are no significant statistical differences. Median total OR time: 60.25 min (30-145). Mean freehandSPECT OR time: 5 scans = 10 min. CONCLUSIONS There are no statistically significant differences in the probability to rule out affective margins that require a second surgery between both techniques (SPECT-portable and RxM) so, the technique performed with SPECT-Portable is a useful and effective procedure, which requires specific training with an optimized and multidisciplinary protocol. The time spent with SPECT-portable is feasible for daily practice.
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Abstract
BackgroundUpadacitinib is the third janus kinase (JAKi) inhibitor approved for rheumatoid arthritis after baricitinib and tofacitinib. Upadacitinib is a selective JAK1 inhibitor, and is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe active RA in adult patients with inadequate response or intolerance to one or more DMARDs.ObjectivesTo describe the effectiveness and safety data of upadacitinib in patients with moderate-severe RA refractory to multiple synthetic and/or biologic DMARDs.MethodsDescriptive and retrospective observational study conducted in patients who met RA classification criteria, refractory to synthetic and/or biologic DMARDs in the Rheumatology department of the Valme Hospital. Epidemiological, clinical, analytical, and safety and treatment-related variables were collected. A descriptive quantitative analysis of the data was performed.ResultsForty five patients were included (37 women and 8 men), with a mean age of 53 years and mean time of RA evolution of 11 years. Of the patients, 44.4% had some cardiovascular risk factor. With respect to previous treatment, 100% were on DMARDsc, with a median of 2 DMARDsc per patient. Regarding biologic or targeted therapy, 77.8% had a history of biologic therapy failure with a median of 1 biologic; in addition, 8 patients had received at least 3 previous biologic drugs prior to upadacitinib. A total of 28.9% (13 patients) had previously received JAKi, discontinued due to secondary failure or from clinical trials at other centers. In terms of disease activity at the start of upadacitinib, patients had a mean of number of swollen joints (SJC) 3, number of tender joints (TJC) 4, CRP 11 mg/dl, DAS28 of 4.23 and CDAI of 21.5. When starting upadacitinib, 80% of the patients were on steroid therapy, 51% with doses > 5 mgr/day of prednisone. Combination therapy with DMARDs was maintained in 76.3% of patients (56.7% MTX, 36.7% LFN and the rest with SSZ). The results were analyzed after a median of 7 months from the start of upadacitinib: DMARDsc were discontinued in 4 patients and the steroid dose was reduced in 58.3% of the total, being discontinued in 21.2%. With respect to disease activity analyzed post-treatment in patients who maintained the drug, a mean of SJC 0, TJC 2, CRP 0.8 mg/dl, DAS28 2.7 and CDAI 12.5 were observed (Table 1). The drug was discontinued in 11 patients: 5 for adverse events (headache, hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal discomfort, instability accompanied by photopsia, lymphopenia and irritative cough) that resolved after drug discontinuation, 5 for primary failure and 1 for secondary failure. No cases of herpes, thrombosis or cardiovascular events were recorded.Table 1.Medians pre-treatment and post-treatment outcomes in patients who maintained upadacitinib: SJC, TJC, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and disease activity indices DAS28 and CDAI.Pre upadacitinibPost-treatment (medians 7 months)Statistical significanceSJC30< 0,05TJC420,03CRP110,8< 0,05DAS284,232,7< 0,05CDAI21,512,5< 0,05ConclusionUpadacitinib managed to control disease activity in a high percentage of our series of patients resistant to multiple synthetic and/or biologic DMARDs, making it possible to reduce or even suspend steroid treatment in a significant number of patients, so it may be an option to consider in patients with refractory RA. Longer-term studies are needed to continue evaluating the effectiveness, safety and survival of the drug in real clinical practice.References[1]Strand V, Schiff M, Tundia N, Friedman A, Meerwein S, Pangan A, Ganguli A, Fuldeore M, Song Y, Pope J. Effects of upadacitinib on patient-reported outcomes: results from SELECT-BEYOND, a phase 3 randomized trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate responses to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Dec 2;21(1):263.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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AB1186 ACUTE PERICARDITIS IN TIMES OF COVID. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe most common etiology of acute pericarditis is usually infectious, especially viral. When its cause is inflammatory (up to 7% of cases), it can be presented as an isolated process or be a clinical manifestation in the context of multiple systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD), therefore it is necessary to make a broad differential diagnosis. Nowadays, an increased incidence has been described in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and especially in global vaccination against this one. This represents a clinical challenge when we have to identify the cause of this pathology with a not insignificant comorbidity.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of a series of patients with acute pericarditis and its association with SAD.MethodsRetrospective and descriptive observational study. Digitalised records of patients with acute pericarditis evaluated in the Rheumatology unit of a tertiary hospital in Seville during 2021 were reviewed. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic variables were analysed.ResultsEight cases of acute pericarditis were detected. The average age of the patients was 51.50 ± 18.601 years. 62.5% were women. 50% had previous rheumatological pathology: two rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and one limited systemic sclerosis (LSS); with an average disease duration of 8.63 ± 2.387 months. Of these, 3 were on treatment with steroids and DMARDs (leflunomide or hydroxychloroquine) and 1 had previously received rituximab. Pericardial effusion was moderate in 50% of cases, severe in 33.3% and mild in 16.7%. One patient had cardiac tamponade. Five patients had pleural effusion, which was moderate in 80%, and in one case associated with pneumonia. As complications, one patient developed heart failure and the patient with ESL was diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Two patients had previous COVID19 and 7 were vaccinated against Sars-CoV2. Treatment was colchicine in 57.15% of cases, steroids in 85.7%, DMARDsc in 85.8% (3 hydroxychloroquine and 3 azathioprine) and DMARDsb in 42.9% (1 anakinra, 1 tocilizumab and 1 rituximab). Pericarditis resolved in all patients. Table 1.Table 1.AgeSexUnderlying rheumatological diseasePrevious treatmentTreatment performedPericardial effusionEvolutionCase123MaleSeronegative oligoarthritis and vasculitisHydroxychloroquineColchicineModerateResolutionSteroidsAzathioprineAnakinraCase248WomanNoNoColchicineNoResolutionSteroidsHydroxychloroquineCase368WomanSeropositive RA and Sjögren syndromeLeflunomideSteroidsMildResolutionHydroxychloroquineLeflunomideTocilizumabRituximabCase447WomanNoNoColchicineModerateResolutionSteroidsHydroxychloroquineCase527MaleNoNoColchicineSevereResolutionSteroidsCase661WomanIcSScD-penicillamineSteroidsSevereResolutionAzathioprineCase768WomanSLESteroidsSteroidsNoResolutionAzathioprineRituximabCase871MaleANA+ polyarthritisSteroidsSteroidsNoResolutionHydroxychloroquineConclusionIn the previous year, an increase in consultations from other departments for acute pericarditis with suspected inflammatory origin was observed. The possibility of a correlation with COVID19 or vaccination against COVID was initially considered, but it could not be demonstrated, since vaccination was later in vaccinated patients, and in those who had been infected, the time interval until the development of pericarditis was too long for it in order to be attributed to COVID19. Finally, in 5 of the 8 patients, pericarditis was related to SAD, in particular with the rheumatic pathologies most associated with this clinical manifestation (RA and SLE). Therefore, in the middle of the COVID pandemic, in addition to considering COVID19 or its vaccine in the differential diagnosis of acute pericarditis, we must not forget to include SAD in this diagnosis.References[1]Bizzi E, Trotta L, Pancrazi M, Nivuori M, Giosia V, Matteucci L, Montori D, Brucato A. Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Pericarditis: Definitions and New Treatments. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2021 Jul 28;23(9):128.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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P–398 Decidualization inhibits the expression of CXCR3-binding chemokines by human decidual stromal cells. Role in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
We aimed to analyze the effects of decidualization on the expression of chemokines that attract abortogenic T cells by human DSCs.
Summary answer
Decidualization inhibits the expression of chemokines that attract Th1 and Tc1 cells by DSCs, thereby preventing the arrival of abortogenic T cells into the decidua.
What is known already
Decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are the most abundant cells in the human decidua, the tissue that constitutes the maternal component of the placenta. Numerous evidences confirm that DSCs play a key role in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In normal pregnancy, DSCs undergo a process of differentiation (decidualization) under the effect of progesterone and other pregnancy hormones. Decidualized DSCs become rounded and secrete prolactin, IL–15 and other factors. In the mouse, it has been observed that during pregnancy, DSCs inhibit the expression of chemokines that attract abortogenic Th1 and Tc1 cells from blood to the decidua.
Study design, size, duration
We compared the expression of CXCR3-binding chemokines by undifferentiated and decidualized human DSCs. We also compared the capacity of these cells to attract activated Th1 and Tc1 cells in vitro. Ten DSC lines were obtained from elective vaginal terminations of first-trimester pregnancies (6–11 weeks). Donors were healthy women aged 20–30 years. Informed consent was obtained from each donor. This study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Granada.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Decidual stromal cell lines were established as previously described. These lines were decidualized with progesterone and cAMP in vitro. The expression of chemokines by these cells was studied by RT-PCR. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated with PHA, anti-CD28 and IL–2. As a consequence of this activation, CXCR3+ Th1 and Tc1 cells were produced. We used a migration assay in Transwell chambers to study the capacity of DSCs to attract these activated T cells.
Main results and the role of chance
We observed that those chemokines that bind to CXCR3, a chemokine receptor detected in activated Th1 and Tc1 cells, were not expressed by either undifferentiated and decidualized DSCs (CXCL9) or their expression was inhibited in decidualized DSCs (CXCL10 P < 0.01, CXCL11 P < 0.05). We found that conditioned media of undifferentiated DSCs decreased the migration of CXCR3+ activated T cells (Th1 and Tc1 cells) (P < 0.05), and this effect was even stronger with conditioned media of decidialized DSCs P < 0.001). These results demonstrated that decidualization of DSCs during pregnancy inhibits the expression of chemokines that attract Th1 and Tc1 cells by DSCs, thereby preventing the arrival of abortogenic T cells into the decidua.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This is an in vitro study due to the impossibility of performing an in vivo study in humans for ethical reasons.
Wider implications of the findings: Several publications have shown that DSCs have a therapeutic effect in various Th1-associated diseases. Our results explain this effect and suggest the extension of the use of these cells in the treatment of this type of diseases.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures with the transosseous suture fixation. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:405. [PMID: 34162416 PMCID: PMC8220733 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surgical treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures is commonly affected by implant-related complications. We evaluated the functional and radiographic results of transosseous suture fixation in a series of displaced proximal humeral fractures (PHF). METHODS Sixty-four patients were retrospectively classified by age, sex, and the Neer fracture classification. Two-part greater tuberosity (2pGT) displaced fractures and 3-part (varus and valgus) and 4-part valgus impacted fractures were managed with fragment reduction and transosseous suture fixation. Patients with minimum follow-up of 24 months and assessed with the Constant-Murley score (CMS) were included. Radiological and medical complications, as well as reinterventions were also recorded. RESULTS Forty-six patients with a mean follow-up of 58 (24-132) and a mean age of 58 years old were analyzed. Patients with 2pGT (n = 10) fractures had a CMS of 76 points (59-89); patients with 3-part fractures (n = 22) had a score of 67 points (13-91); and those with 4-part fractures (n = 14) had a score of 64 (24-76) points. The overall complication rate was 6 out of 46, and 4 patients required reintervention for different reasons. Patients presenting with 3-part varus fractures had significantly lower functional outcomes scores (p = 0.007). Humeral head osteonecrosis was present in 9 patients and significantly affected the functional outcomes (p < 0.05). However, only three out of nine patients with osteonecrosis required subsequent surgery at the indicated follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The fracture reduction and transosseous fixation technique represents a safe technique with low complication and reintervention rates. The presence of humeral head necrosis did not lead to subsequent surgical intervention because no hardware had protruded. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective study.
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Tranexamic acid use in severely injured patients, is it always appropriate? REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2021; 68:301-303. [PMID: 34140128 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that tranexamic acid should be administered only in those patients with hyperfibrinolysis determined using viscoelastic assays, as severely injured patients may present with fibrinolytic shutdown. However the last European guidelines on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma endorse the use of tranexamic acid to the trauma patient who is bleeding or at risk of significant hemorrhage as soon as possible without waiting for viscoelastic results. We present a severely blunt trauma patient treated with on-scene administration of tranexamic acid that developed immediate pulmonary embolism.
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Tranexamic acid use in severely injured patients, is it always appropriate? REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2021; 68:301-303. [PMID: 33558054 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been suggested that tranexamic acid should be administered only in those patients with hyperfibrinolysis determined using viscoelastic assays, as severely injured patients may present with fibrinolytic shutdown. However the last European guidelines on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma endorse the use of tranexamic acid to the trauma patient who is bleeding or at risk of significant hemorrhage as soon as possible without waiting for viscoelastic results. We present a severely blunt trauma patient treated with on-scene administration of tranexamic acid that developed immediate pulmonary embolism.
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Research Article Selection of genomic regions and genes associated with adaptation and fertility traits in two Colombian creole cattle breeds. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr18882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Research Article Genealogical and genomic heritability for adaptability and reproductive traits in the Colombian Creole cattle breeds Blanco Orejinegro and Sanmartinero. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr18878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tisseel® versus Hemopatch® for dural sealing in neurosurgery. A prospective study in a tertiary center. Neurochirurgie 2020; 66:429-434. [PMID: 33091461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dural repair is a potential source of complications in neurosurgery. We make a comparison in pseudomeningocele and CSF leak incidence with the sealants Tisseel® and Hemopatch®. METHODS We collected 147 patients from September 2017 to December 2018 in a prospective observational study. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with an intradural cranial or spinal surgery whose dura was closed with a fibrin sealant. Primary endpoints were the incidence of pseudo meningocele and CSF leak. Secondary endpoints were the surgical-site infection, epidural hematoma, and the influence of previous surgery. RESULTS In 65 and 82 patients Tisseel® and Hemopatch® were used as sealants respectively. The incidence of CSF leak presented a significant statistical relation with the use of Tisseel® in a univariate and multivariate analysis. Infratentorial surgery presented a higher incidence of pseudomeningocele and CSF leak, but the approach used was not a significant factor in multivariate analysis. Patients who were operated previously had a higher risk present a postoperative complication. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of pseudomeningocele and CSF leak was higher with Tisseel® compared with Hemopatch® with a statistic significant relation in case of CSF fistulae. The procedure done may be a confusion factor in our study. There was no report of adverse effects or a higher incidence of complications. However, it is recommended to plan randomized trials with larger samples to get stronger evidence.
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Comparison of external and submerged membranes used in anaerobic membrane bioreactors: Fouling related issues and biological activity. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Outcome and characteristics of patients in methadone maintenance program depending on whether they are or not drug consumption room users. Eur Psychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn January 2012, a drug consumption room (DCR) opened in an outpatient treatment center for alcoholism and drug abuse (CADA) to reach people who inject drugs (PWID) who did not seek treatment.Objectives/aimsTo evaluate the characteristics and evolution of 76 patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) during a year in a CADA, depending on whether they are DCR users or nonusers.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted by reviewing data collected from patients in MMT during 2015, performing a statistical comparison between DCR users and nonusers. Outcome was evaluated through urine controls, considering a poor outcome when positive to heroin > 20%.ResultsOf the 76 patients in MMT, the average age was 40 years, 21% were women, mean dosage of methadone was 48.2 mg/day and more than a half were DCR users (52.63%). Of the 40 patients, which formed the DCR user subgroup, the average age was 36.4 years, 20% were women and mean dosage of methadone was 47 mg/day. The outcome of all the patients in PMM was successful in 48.68% of the cases, presenting differentially the nonusers a 91.67% of good response and the users only a 10%.ConclusionsInclusion of a drug consumption room in an outpatient treatment center for alcoholism and drug abuse, which facilitates accessibility for people who inject drugs to treatment, poses new challenges in order to improve the effectiveness of the PMM.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Desequilibrio de ligamiento, estratificación y patrones de ancestría en ganado Simmental. ARCHIVOS DE ZOOTECNIA 2020. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v69i266.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
El uso masivo de pocos toros en programas de inseminación artificial afecta la composición y la estructura genética de una población. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la diversidad genética, estratificación genética, patrones de ancestría y el desequilibrio de ligamiento en ganado Simmental. Una muestra de 233 animales genotipados con 30106 marcadores tipo polimorfismo de nucleótido simple (SNP) fue usada. Los patrones de subdivisión genética y ancestría fueron estimados a través de análisis de componentes principales y probabilidades de asignación a grupos genéticos. El desequilibrio de ligamiento fue estimado como el cuadrado del coeficiente de correlación entre los SNP. El análisis por componentes principales no mostró patrones de subdivisión genética dentro de la población Simmental de Colombia. Sin embargo, el análisis de ancestría identificó una subdivisión genética de de tres grupos. Un valor de 0.3 para desequilibrio de ligamiento fue encontrado a una distancia de 33 kb. Los resultados permiten evidenciar el cambio en la estructura genética de una población debido al uso e importación de material genético proveniente de poblaciones que difieren en objetivos de cría y criterios de selección.
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Evaluation of Polysaccharide Typhim Vi Antibody Response as a predictor of Humoral Immunodeficiency in Haematological Malignancies. Clin Immunol 2019; 210:108307. [PMID: 31760095 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing healthcare challenge in the management of haematological malignancy (HM) is secondary immunodeficiency. From January 2019, the EMA included the evaluation of specific antibody (Ab) responses to better select patients for immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). We evaluated Ab responses to pneumococcal and Salmonella typhi pure polysaccharide immunization in a cohort of 42 HM patients and 24 healthy-controls. Pre-post specific Ab concentrations were measured by ELISA at 4 weeks. Globally, significantly lower Typhim Vi (TV) seroprevalence (9%) compared to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) (76%) (p <0.001) was observed. TV non responders (88%) were higher than PPV non responders (62%) (p <0.0001) and correlated better to infectious history. By ROC analysis, pre-post 5-fold TV increase was the best cut-off to discriminate HM with recurrent infections and controls (sensitivity 91%, specificity 100%). Despite the small sample cohort, our results suggest that specific anti-S typhi Ab response is a useful complementary assay in the diagnosis and management decision of SID to HM.
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Predictive capacity of prodromal symptoms in first-episode psychosis of recent onset. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:414-424. [PMID: 29116670 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the nature and number of a wide range of prodromal symptoms have been related to the severity and type of psychopathology in the psychotic phase. However, at present there is an incomplete picture focused mainly on the positive pre-psychotic dimension. AIM To characterize the prodromal phase retrospectively, examining the number and nature of prodromal symptoms as well as their relationship with psychopathology at the onset of first-episode psychosis. METHODS Retrospective study of 79 patients experiencing a first-episode psychosis of less than 1 year from the onset of full-blown psychosis. All patients were evaluated with a comprehensive battery of instruments including socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, IRAOS interview, PANSS, stressful life events scale (PERI) and WAIS/WISC (vocabulary subtest). Bivariate associations and multiple regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Regression models revealed that several prodromal dimensions of IRAOS (delusions, affect, language, behaviour and non-hallucinatory disturbances of perception) predicted the onset of psychosis, with positive (22.4% of the variance) and disorganized (25.6% of the variance) dimensions being the most widely explained. CONCLUSION In addition to attenuated positive symptoms, other symptoms such as affective, behavioural and language disturbances should also be considered in the definitions criteria of at-high-risk people.
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Survey of Aujeszky's Disease Virus in Hunting Dogs from Spain. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:351-355. [PMID: 31300937 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct contact with swine infected by Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) represents a potential risk of transmission to carnivore species, in which the infection is normally fatal. We assessed exposure to ADV in hunting dogs in an area where the virus is highly endemic in wild boar populations. Two out of 466 (0.43%; 95% CI 0.00-1.02%) hunting dogs analyzed were positive by gE-bELISA, gB-bELISA and the virus neutralization test. The seroprevalence levels detected, as well as the absence of reports of clinical cases in the hunting dog groups tested, indicate limited contact of this species with ADV in the study area. Further studies are warranted to assess the pathogenicity of Aujeszky's disease virus strains infecting wild boar.
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Effect of perfluorodecanoic acid on pig oocyte viability, intracellular calcium levels and gap junction intercellular communication during oocyte maturation in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 58:224-229. [PMID: 30946969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is a synthetic perfluorinated compound, which has been reported to exert adverse effects on somatic cells. However, its effects on germ cells have not been studied to date. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of PFDA on the viability, intracellular calcium levels and gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) during porcine oocyte maturation in vitro. PFDA negatively impacted oocyte viability (medium lethal concentration, LC50 = 7.8 μM) and maturation (medium inhibition of maturation, IM50 = 3.8 μM). Oocytes exposed to 3.8 μM PFDA showed higher levels of intracellular calcium relative to control oocytes. In addition, GJIC among the cumulus cells and the oocyte was disrupted. The effects of PFDA on oocyte calcium homeostasis and intercellular communication seem to be responsible for the inhibition of oocyte maturation and oocyte death. In addition, since the deleterious effects of PFDA on oocyte viability, maturation and GJIC are significantly stronger than the previously reported effects of another widely used perfluorinated compound (Perfluorooctane sulfonate) in the same model, the use of PFDA in consumer products is questioned.
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Research Article Genomic association study for age at first calving and calving interval in Romosinuano and Costeño con Cuernos cattle. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr18258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Research Article Genomic association study for adaptability traits in four Colombian cattle breeds. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr18373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Genome-wide differential DNA methylation in tropically adapted Creole cattle and their Iberian ancestors. Anim Genet 2018; 50:15-26. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rate and factors influencing the conversion of abstracts presented at the argentinian congress of hypertension meetings to indexed full peer-reviewed publications. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2018; 36:28-33. [PMID: 29503007 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Publication rates vary significantly among different scientific meetings, with many abstracts never being published as peer-reviewed articles. This issue has never been investigated in the Hypertension field in Argentina. Our purpose was to determine the proportion of abstracts presented at the Argentinian Congress of Hypertension meetings that were published as full articles in peer-reviewed indexed journals, the time lag to publication and the factors associated with successful publication. METHODS we conducted a PubMed search to identify peer-reviewed publications of abstracts presented at the Argentinian Congress of Hypertension meetings between 2006 and 2015, assessing publication rate along with the time lag to publication. We also extracted information about several abstract characteristics and, for those that got published, we recorded the date of publication and journal name with its impact factor and H index. Predictors of publication were analyzed using a multivariable model. RESULTS a total of 619 abstracts were presented between 2006 and 2015. The rate of conversion to full-text peer-reviewed articles by June 2017 was 28.1% (95%CI 24.7-31.8%), with a median time to publication of 15.7 months (IQR 8-30.9). On multivariable analysis, the independent predictors of publication were basic science category (OR 5 [95%CI 2.3-10.8], p<0.001), oral presentation (OR 2.8 [95%CI 1.6-4.9], p<0.001) and being an award winner for the presentation (OR 3 [95%CI 1.3-6.8], p=0.01). CONCLUSION conversion rate to full peer-reviewed articles of abstracts presented at the Argentinian Congress of Hypertension meetings is far from ideal, with potential areas where efforts should be concentrated to improve dissemination of knowledge.
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Abstract
Abstract:The central purpose of artificial intelligence applied to medicine is to develop models for diagnosis and therapy planning at the knowledge level, in the Newell sense, and software environments to facilitate the reduction of these models to the symbol level. The usual methodology (KADS, CommonKADS, GAMES, HELIOS, Protégé, etc.) has been to develop libraries of generic tasks and resuable problem-solving methods with explicit ontologies. The principal problem which clinicians have with these methodological developments concerns the diversity and complexity of new terms whose meaning is not sufficiently clear, precise, unambiguous and consensual for them to be accessible in the daily clinical environment. As a contribution to the solution of this problem, we develop in this article the conjecture that one inference structure is enough to describe the set of analysis tasks associated with medical diagnoses. To this end, we first propose a modification of the systematic diagnostic inference scheme to obtain an analysis generic task and then compare it with the monitoring and the heuristic classification task inference schemes using as comparison criteria the compatibility of domain roles (data structures), the similarity in the inferences, and the commonality in the set of assumptions which underlie the functionally equivalent models. The equivalences proposed are illustrated with several examples. Note that though our ongoing work aims to simplify the methodology and to increase the precision of the terms used, the proposal presented here should be viewed more in the nature of a conjecture.
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Exposure to West Nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus in dogs in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:765-772. [PMID: 29322674 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the spread of emerging zoonotic flaviviruses (genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) has been reported in many regions worldwide, representing a threat to both human and animal health. A serosurvey was carried out to assess exposure and risk factors associated with antigenically related flaviviruses, particularly West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), in dogs in Spain. Flavivirus antibodies were detected in 39 of 815 dogs (4.8%; 95% CI: 3.3-6.3) by bELISA. Significantly higher seropositivity was observed in hunting dogs compared to pet dogs. Virus neutralization tests confirmed WNV-specific and TBEV-specific antibodies in 11 and 14 bELISA-positive dogs, respectively. This is the first serosurvey of WNV and TBEV in dogs in Spain and the first report of TBEV circulation in this country. The seropositivity obtained indicates widespread, but not homogeneous, distribution of WNV and TBEV in dogs in Spain. In 2013 and 2015, WNV-seropositive dogs were detected in those areas of Andalusia where the highest number of WNV outbreaks were reported in both horses and humans. Antibodies against TBEV have been found in dogs sampled in two different periods and regions in Spain. Serosurveillance in dogs could be a complementary way of monitoring the activity of emerging flaviviruses in Spain.
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Research Article Genetic diversity of three indigenous pig breeds in Colombia. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr18161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Trans-heteroclinic bifurcation: a novel type of catastrophic shift. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171304. [PMID: 29410837 PMCID: PMC5792914 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global and local bifurcations are extremely important since they govern the transitions between different qualitative regimes in dynamical systems. These transitions or tipping points, which are ubiquitous in nature, can be smooth or catastrophic. Smooth transitions involve a continuous change in the steady state of the system until the bifurcation value is crossed, giving place to a second-order phase transition. Catastrophic transitions involve a discontinuity of the steady state at the bifurcation value, giving place to first-order phase transitions. Examples of catastrophic shifts can be found in ecosystems, climate, economic or social systems. Here we report a new type of global bifurcation responsible for a catastrophic shift. This bifurcation, identified in a family of quasi-species equations and named as trans-heteroclinic bifurcation, involves an exchange of stability between two distant and heteroclinically connected fixed points. Since the two fixed points interchange the stability without colliding, a catastrophic shift takes place. We provide an exhaustive description of this new bifurcation, also detailing the structure of the replication-mutation matrix of the quasi-species equation giving place to this bifurcation. A perturbation analysis is provided around the bifurcation value. At this value the heteroclinic connection is replaced by a line of fixed points in the quasi-species model. But it is shown that, if the replication-mutation matrix satisfies suitable conditions, then, under a small perturbation, the exchange of heteroclinic connections is preserved, except on a tiny range around the bifurcation value whose size is of the order of magnitude of the perturbation. The results presented here can help to understand better novel mechanisms behind catastrophic shifts and contribute to a finer identification of such transitions in theoretical models in evolutionary biology and other dynamical systems.
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Pedigree-based estimation of covariance between dominance deviations and additive genetic effects in closed rabbit lines considering inbreeding and using a computationally simpler equivalent model. J Anim Breed Genet 2017; 134:184-195. [PMID: 28508486 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding generates covariances between additive and dominance effects (breeding values and dominance deviations). In this work, we developed and applied models for estimation of dominance and additive genetic variances and their covariance, a model that we call "full dominance," from pedigree and phenotypic data. Estimates with this model such as presented here are very scarce both in livestock and in wild genetics. First, we estimated pedigree-based condensed probabilities of identity using recursion. Second, we developed an equivalent linear model in which variance components can be estimated using closed-form algorithms such as REML or Gibbs sampling and existing software. Third, we present a new method to refer the estimated variance components to meaningful parameters in a particular population, i.e., final partially inbred generations as opposed to outbred base populations. We applied these developments to three closed rabbit lines (A, V and H) selected for number of weaned at the Polytechnic University of Valencia. Pedigree and phenotypes are complete and span 43, 39 and 14 generations, respectively. Estimates of broad-sense heritability are 0.07, 0.07 and 0.05 at the base versus 0.07, 0.07 and 0.09 in the final generations. Narrow-sense heritability estimates are 0.06, 0.06 and 0.02 at the base versus 0.04, 0.04 and 0.01 at the final generations. There is also a reduction in the genotypic variance due to the negative additive-dominance correlation. Thus, the contribution of dominance variation is fairly large and increases with inbreeding and (over)compensates for the loss in additive variation. In addition, estimates of the additive-dominance correlation are -0.37, -0.31 and 0.00, in agreement with the few published estimates and theoretical considerations.
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Role of inbreeding depression, non-inbred dominance deviations and random year-season effect in genetic trends for prolificacy in closed rabbit lines. J Anim Breed Genet 2017; 134:441-452. [PMID: 28685498 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In closed rabbit lines selected for prolificacy at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, genetic responses are predicted using BLUP. With a standard additive BLUP model and year-season (YS) effects fitted as fixed, genetic trends were overestimated compared to responses estimated using control populations obtained from frozen embryos. In these lines, there is a confounding between genetic trend, YS effects and inbreeding, and the role of dominance is uncertain. This is a common situation in data from reproductively closed selection lines. This paper fits different genetic evaluation models to data of these lines, aiming to identify the source of these biases: dominance, inbreeding depression and/or an ill-conditioned model due to the strong collinearity between YS, inbreeding and genetic trend. The study involved three maternal lines (A, V and H) and analysed two traits, total born (TB) and the number of kits at weaning (NW). Models fitting YS effect as fixed or random were implemented, in addition to additive genetic, permanent environment effects and non-inbred dominance deviations effects. When YS was fitted as a fixed effect, the genetic trends were overestimated compared to control populations, inbreeding had an apparent positive effect on litter size and the environmental trends were negative. When YS was fitted as random, the genetic trends were compatible with control populations results, inbreeding had a negative effect (lower prolificacy) and environmental trends were flat. The model fitting random YS, inbreeding and non-inbred dominance deviations yielded the following ratios of additive and dominance variances to total variance for NW: 0.06 and 0.01 for line A, 0.06 and 0.00 for line V and 0.01 and 0.08 for line H. Except for line H, dominance deviations seem to be of low relevance. When it is confounded with inbreeding as in these lines, fitting YS effect as random allows correct estimation of genetic trends.
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Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose metabolism in the adult population of the Basque Country, Spain. Diabet Med 2017; 34:662-666. [PMID: 27353285 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose metabolism in the Basque Country and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional, cluster sampling design study was carried out in an adult (≥18 years) Basque population. A total of 847 participants completed a questionnaire on personal and family medical history and lifestyle. Anthropometric variables and blood pressure were measured and biochemical analysis and an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) were also performed. RESULTS The total prevalence of diabetes was 10.6% (95% CI 8.65-12.95). Among them 6.3% (95% CI 4.79-8.22) had previously been diagnosed and 4.3% (95% CI 3.04-5.92) were not aware that they had diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance was present in 7.2% (95% CI 5.53-9.15) and impaired fasting glucose in 3.8% (95% CI 2.64-5.37) of the population. In total, 21.6% of the population had some type of glucose metabolism disturbance, with a higher rate among men (28.3 vs 16.3%; P<0.001) and with the rate increasing with age. Risk factors independently associated with the development of diabetes were: male sex [odds ratio 4.58 (95% CI 2.34-8.97)]; abdominal obesity [odds ratio 2.80 (95% CI 1.47-5.36)]; high triglyceride levels [odds ratio 2.46 (95% CI 1.26-4.81)]; hypertension [odds ratio 2.40 (95% CI 1.16-4.96)]; family history of diabetes [odds ratio 2.30 (95% CI 1.25-4.24)]; high LDL cholesterol levels [odds ratio 1.83 (95% CI 1.01-3.31)] and older age [odds ratio 1.08 (95% CI 1.05-1.10)]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes in the Basque Country was lower than in Spain and was independently associated with family history of diabetes and with cardiovascular risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, high LDL cholesterol levels and high triglyceride levels, which were also observed in those with prediabetes.
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Analytical and clinical validation of a novel in-house deep-sequencing method for minimal residual disease monitoring in a phase II trial for multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017; 31:1446-1449. [PMID: 28210002 PMCID: PMC5467041 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Outcomes After Direct Thrombectomy or Combined Intravenous and Endovascular Treatment Are Not Different. Stroke 2017; 48:375-378. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Whether intravenous thrombolysis adds a further benefit when given before endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is unknown. Furthermore, intravenous thrombolysis delays time to groin puncture, mainly among drip and ship patients.
Methods—
Using region-wide registry data, we selected cases that received direct EVT or combined intravenous thrombolysis+EVT for anterior circulation strokes between January 2011 and October 2015. Treatment effect was estimated by stratification on a propensity score. The average odds ratios for the association of treatment with good outcome and death at 3 months and symptomatic bleedings at 24 hours were calculated with the Mantel–Haenszel test statistic.
Results—
We included 599 direct EVT patients and 567 patients with combined treatment. Stratification through propensity score achieved balance of baseline characteristics across treatment groups. There was no association between treatment modality and good outcome (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.27), death (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.54), or symptomatic bleedings (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–1.27).
Conclusions—
This observational study suggests that outcomes after direct EVT or combined intravenous thrombolysis+EVT are not different. If confirmed by a randomized controlled trial, it may have a significant impact on organization of stroke systems of care.
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In vitro modulation of Drimys winteri bark extract and the active compound polygodial on Salmo salar immune genes after exposure to Saprolegnia parasitica. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:103-108. [PMID: 27777106 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of the aquaculture industry has global concerns with health management and control strategies to prevent and/or treat diseases and increase sustainability standards. Saprolegniosis is a disease caused by Saprolegnia parasitica, and is characterized by promoting an immunosuppression in the host. This study evaluated in vitro the extract and one active compound (polygodial) of Drimys winteri, a Chilean medicinal tree as a potential early immunostimulatory aid in Saprolegniosis control. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) head kidney cells (ASK-1) were incubated with both extract and pure polygodial before exposure to S. parasitica mycelium, and the expression of the immune-related genes interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon α (IFNα), and major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) was evaluated. Both evidenced immunomodulatory capacities by increasing gene expressions. This immunomodulation related to a mitigatory action counteracting the immunosuppressing effects of S. parasitica. Despite that most immune-related genes were up-regulated, the down-regulation of MHCII, characteristic of S. parasitica infection, was lessened by pre-incubation with the compounds. This study provides the first insight on the potential of D. winteri bark extract as a possible immunomodulatory and defensive strategy against this oomycete infection in fish.
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Patrón de revascularización de injertos de tendones flexores rotos en reconstrucción de ligamento cruzado anterior: un estudio histológico. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2016; 60:372-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Abrupt transitions to tumor extinction: a phenotypic quasispecies model. J Math Biol 2016; 74:1589-1609. [PMID: 27714432 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-016-1062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of heterogeneous tumor cell populations competing with healthy cells is an important topic in cancer research with deep implications in biomedicine. Multitude of theoretical and computational models have addressed this issue, especially focusing on the nature of the transitions governing tumor clearance as some relevant model parameters are tuned. In this contribution, we analyze a mathematical model of unstable tumor progression using the quasispecies framework. Our aim is to define a minimal model incorporating the dynamics of competition between healthy cells and a heterogeneous population of cancer cell phenotypes involving changes in replication-related genes (i.e., proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes), in genes responsible for genomic stability, and in house-keeping genes. Such mutations or loss of genes result into different phenotypes with increased proliferation rates and/or increased genomic instabilities. Despite bifurcations in the classical deterministic quasispecies model are typically given by smooth, continuous shifts (i.e., transcritical bifurcations), we here identify a novel type of bifurcation causing an abrupt transition to tumor extinction. Such a bifurcation, named as trans-heteroclinic, is characterized by the exchange of stability between two distant fixed points (that do not collide) involving tumor persistence and tumor clearance. The increase of mutation and/or the decrease of the replication rate of tumor cells involves this catastrophic shift of tumor cell populations. The transient times near bifurcation thresholds are also characterized, showing a power law dependence of exponent [Formula: see text] of the transients as mutation is changed near the bifurcation value. These results are discussed in the context of targeted cancer therapy as a possible therapeutic strategy to force a catastrophic shift by simultaneously delivering mutagenic and cytotoxic drugs inside tumor cells.
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Interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise improves metabolic markers beyond caloric restriction in Zucker rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:713-721. [PMID: 26874906 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise (IASE) and caloric restriction (CR) on body composition, glycaemic and lipid profile and inflammatory markers. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two Zucker diabetic fatty rats were randomised into 4 groups (sedentary + CR; sedentary + adlibitum; IASE + CR; and IASE + adlibitum). Training groups conducted an IASE programme in the same session, 5 days/week for 2 months. Body weight, fat and muscle mass and body water were measured using a body composition analyser. Plasma total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, insulin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 and 10 were measured. Blood fasting and postprandial glucose were assessed. Body weight was lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum groups (p < 0.001). Fat mass was lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum (p < 0.05) and in the IASE compared to the sedentary groups (p < 0.001), but IASE increased lean mass (p < 0.001). Triglycerides were lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum groups (p < 0.001) whereas total and LDL-cholesterol and fasting glucose were reduced only in the IASE groups (all, p < 0.001). Phospholipids decreased in the CR compared to the adlibitum (p < 0.05) and the IASE compared to the sedentary groups (p < 0.001). The area under the curve after oral glucose tolerance test, insulin and homoeostatic model assessment were lower in the IASE and the CR compared to the sedentary and adlibitum groups, respectively (all, p < 0.001). Adiponectin was lower in the CR groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Overall, IASE as well as CR were both useful interventions, especially when combined. However, IASE showed greater improvements on body composition, inflammatory and glycaemic profile than CR did.
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Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the geometric growth of homogeneous multitype Markov chains whose states have nonnegative integer coordinates. Such models are considered in a situation similar to the supercritical case for branching processes. Finally, our general theoretical results are applied to a class of controlled multitype branching process in which the control is random.
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Stochastic Monotonicity and Continuity Properties of the Extinction Time of Bellman-Harris Branching Processes: An Application to Epidemic Modelling. J Appl Probab 2016. [DOI: 10.1239/jap/1269610816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the stochastic monotonicity and continuity properties of the extinction time of Bellman-Harris branching processes depending on their reproduction laws. Moreover, we show their applications in an epidemiological context, obtaining an optimal criterion to establish the proportion of susceptible individuals in a given population that must be vaccinated in order to eliminate an infectious disease. First the spread of infection is modelled by a Bellman-Harris branching process. Finally, we provide a simulation-based method to determine the optimal vaccination policies.
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Clinical and genetic characterization of congenital hyperinsulinism in Spain. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:717-26. [PMID: 27188453 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by severe hypoglycemia caused by inappropriate insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells. OBJECTIVE To characterize clinically and genetically CHI patients in Spain. DESIGN AND METHODS We included 50 patients with CHI from Spain. Clinical information was provided by the referring clinicians. Mutational analysis was carried out for KCNJ11, ABCC8, and GCK genes. The GLUD1, HNF4A, HNF1A, UCP2, and HADH genes were sequenced depending on the clinical phenotype. RESULTS We identified the genetic etiology in 28 of the 50 CHI patients tested: 21 had a mutation in KATP channel genes (42%), three in GLUD1 (6%), and four in GCK (8%). Most mutations were found in ABCC8 (20/50). Half of these patients (10/20) were homozygous or compound heterozygous, with nine being unresponsive to diazoxide treatment. The other half had heterozygous mutations in ABCC8, six of them being unresponsive to diazoxide treatment and four being responsive to diazoxide treatment. We identified 22 different mutations in the KATP channel genes, of which ten were novel. Notably, patients with ABCC8 mutations were diagnosed earlier, with lower blood glucose levels and required higher doses of diazoxide than those without a genetic diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Genetic analysis revealed mutations in 56% of the CHI patients. ABCC8 mutations are the most frequent cause of CHI in Spain. We found ten novel mutations in the KATP channel genes. The genetic diagnosis is more likely to be achieved in patients with onset within the first week of life and in those who fail to respond to diazoxide treatment.
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Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Since demonstration of the benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke patients with proximal arterial occlusion, stroke care systems need to be reorganized to deliver EVT in a timely and equitable way. We analyzed differences in the access to EVT by geographical areas in Catalonia, a territory with a highly decentralized stroke model.
Methods—
We studied 965 patients treated with EVT from a prospective multicenter population-based registry of stroke patients treated with reperfusion therapies in Catalonia, Spain (SONIIA). Three different areas were defined: (A) health areas primarily covered by Comprehensive Stroke Centers, (B) areas primarily covered by local stroke centers located less than hour away from a Comprehensive Stroke Center, and (C) areas primarily covered by local stroke centers located more than hour away from a Comprehensive Stroke Center. We compared the number of EVT×100 000 inhabitants/year and time from stroke onset to groin puncture between groups.
Results—
Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Throughout the study period, there were significant differences in the population rates of EVT across geographical areas. EVT rates by 100 000 in 2015 were 10.5 in A area, 3.7 in B, and 2.7 in C. Time from symptom onset to groin puncture was 82 minutes longer in group B (312 minutes [245–435]) and 120 minutes longer in group C (350 minutes [284–408]) compared with group A (230 minutes [160–407];
P
<0.001).
Conclusions—
Accessibility to EVT from remote areas is hampered by lower rate and longer time to treatment compared with areas covered directly by Comprehensive Stroke Centers.
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Case report: Hallucinations as depressive equivalents. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We comment the case of a 12 years old girl who started with visual and auditive hallucinations. Hallucinations are not a common symptom between children. They may also be linked to many conditions, some of them with poor outcome as schizophrenia. Symptoms appeared in a short time, after a previous normal development. She talked about a man who followed her and that was always behind, she also had heard some insults of undeterminated voices. These symptoms were just of one-month duration and made her feel anxious and very afraid. After a normal organical study and a first proposal of medication they asked for our consultation. We found that the patient was alone at home every afternoon. Family, from other country, hadn’t any social support, and the father had had to travel away some days before the child began to suffer hallucinations. Suspecting an affective disorder as the basis of anxious symptoms, and hallucinations as a cultural presentation of them, we started with a social intervention mixed with support therapy. After some sessions the patient could talk about her loneliness and fears, disappearing the other symptoms. We will resume this case and literature about other cultural presentations that may difficult diagnosis or treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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High-intensity Exercise Modifies the Effects of Stanozolol on Brain Oxidative Stress in Rats. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36:984-91. [PMID: 26252547 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of high-intensity exercise (HIE) and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on brain redox status. 40 male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups (n=10) with or without HIE and with or without weekly Stanozolol administration. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were assessed. Total superoxide dismutase (tSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. Finally, protein expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, Quinone 1 (NQO1), NF-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor kappa β p65 (NF-κβ) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were determined. Brain PCC concentrations were lower in the HIE groups compared to the untrained controls, whereas CAT activity was higher (both, p<0.01). Both HIE and AAS groups exhibited higher expression levels of GFAP and GPx, but lower NQO1 levels (all, p<0.05). There were increased expression levels of NF-κβ in the AAS groups (p<0.01). In addition, there was increased expression of Nrf2 in the HIE groups (p<0.001). HIE*AAS interactions were found on TBARs content and GFAP expression, with HIE downregulating and upregulating AAS-mediated increases in TBARs and GFAP, respectively (p<0.05). Overall, HIE appeared to reduce the AAS-mediated negative effect on brain redox status.
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Pathological observations of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in the wild boar (Sus scrofa). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-015-0937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of nanostructured ZnO particles obtained by low temperature air-assisted-USP. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Genome-wide association study on growth traits in Colombian creole breeds and crossbreeds with Zebu cattle. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2014; 13:6420-32. [PMID: 25158260 DOI: 10.4238/2014.august.25.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome selection represents an important tool for improving parameters related to the production of livestock. In order to build genomic selection indexes within a particular breed, it is important to identify polymorphisms that have the most significant association with a desired trait. A genome-wide marker association approach based on the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip(TM) was used to identify genomic regions affecting birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and daily weight gain (DWG) in purebred and crossbred creole cattle populations. We genotyped 654 individuals of Blanco Orejinegro (BON), Romosinuano (ROMO) and Cebú breeds and the crossbreeds BON x Cebú and ROMO x Cebú, and tested 5 genetic control models. In total, 85 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were related (P < 0.05) to the 3 evaluated traits; BW was associated with the highest number of SNPs. For statistical false-positive correction, Bonferroni correction was used. From the results, we identified 7, 6, and 4 SNPs with strong associations with BW, WW, and DWG, respectively. Many of these SNPs were located on important coding regions of the bovine genome; their ontology and interactions are discussed herein. The results could contribute to the identification of genes involved in the physiology of beef cattle growth and the development of new strategies for breeding management via genomic selection to improve the productivity of creole cattle herds.
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Biscarboxy-Functionalized Imidazole and Palladium as Highly Active Catalytic System in Protic Solvents: Methanol and Water. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1378552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Influence of porcine circovirus type 2 infections on bovine tuberculosis in wild boar populations. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 60 Suppl 1:121-7. [PMID: 24171857 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The wild boar is an important reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in south-western Spain. Some risk factors such as wild boar density or age have been associated with the presence of high prevalences of bTB in wild boar. However, the influence of other risk factors such as co-infections with other pathogens has not yet been studied. This work aims to assess the influence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) infection on bTB prevalence and bTB lesional patterns observed in wild boar. The presence of bTB-like lesions was evaluated in 551 hunted wild boar from 11 different game estates in south-western Spain, with a known history of bTB. Tuberculosis prevalences in each estate were calculated based on the percentage of animals found with bTB-like lesions. The percentage of animals with generalized bTB lesional patterns (bTB lesions in more than one organ) was also assessed. The prevalence of PCV-2 was studied in each estate using a specific PCR assay. The relationship between PCV-2 and bTB prevalences and between PCV-2 infections and the presence of generalized lesional patterns in wild boar were analysed. A statistical relationship between the prevalences of bTB and PCV-2 was found, with bTB prevalences being higher in estates where prevalences of PCV-2 were high. On the other hand, animals infected with PCV-2 were more likely to develop a generalized lesional pattern. Porcine circovirus type 2 prevalences seem to be associated with prevalences of bTB in wild boar. PCV-2 infection may aggravate the development and severity of bTB, favouring the presence of generalized lesional patterns and raising the risk of contagion in these estates. The implementation of sanitary measures that focus on the control of PCV-2 infection may be necessary as a preliminary measure in bTB control programmes for wild boar.
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Particle size distribution and its relationship to black carbon in two urban and one rural site in Santiago de Chile. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2014; 64:785-796. [PMID: 25122952 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.890141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The size distribution of particles has been studied in three sites in the Metropolitan area of Santiago de Chile in the winter of 2009 and a comparison with black carbon was performed. Two sites are located near busy streets in Santiago and the other site is located in a rural area about 40 km west of Santiago with little influence from vehicles, but large influence from wood burning. The campaign lasted 1 or 2 weeks in each site. We have divided the particle size measurements into four groups (10-39 nm, 40-62 nm, 63-174 nm, and 175-700 nm) in order to compare with the carbon monitor. In the sites near the street, black carbon has a high correlation (R = 0.85) with larger particles (175-700 nm). The correlation decreased when black carbon was compared with smaller particles, having very small correlation with the smallest sizes (10-39 nm). In the rural site, black carbon also has a high correlation (R = 0.86) with larger particles (175-700 nm), but the correlation between black carbon and the finest particles (10-39 nm) decreases to near 0. These measurements are an indication that wood burning does not generate particles smaller than -50 nm. In the urban sites, particle size distribution is peaked toward smaller particles (10-39 nm) only during rush hours, but at other times, particles size distribution is peaked toward larger sizes. When solar radiation was high, evidence of secondary particle formation was seen in the rural site, but not in the urban sites. The correlation between the number of secondary particles and solar radiation was R2 = 0.46, indicating that it there may be other variables that play a role in ultrafine particle formation. Implications: A study of the size distribution of particles and black carbon concentration in two street sites and one rural site shows that in the last site the number of particles ultrafine particles (d < 40 nm) is 10 times lower but the number of larger particles is about 2 times lower. Thus, the rural site has less of the particles that are more dangerous to health. The number ofultrafine particles is mostly associated with traffic, while the number of larger particles is associated with wood burning and other sources. Wood burning does not generate particles smaller than -50 nm.
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P195: The value of EEG in the neurophysiological diagnosis of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Our iconographic contribution on variable genotypes. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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