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Buendia R, Karpefors M, Folkvaljon F, Hunter R, Sillen H, Luu L, Docherty K, Cowie MR. Wearable Sensors to Monitor Physical Activity in Heart Failure Clinical Trials: State-of-the-Art Review. J Card Fail 2024; 30:703-716. [PMID: 38452999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimation of the effects that drugs or other interventions have on patients' symptoms and functions is crucial in heart failure trials. Traditional symptoms and functions clinical outcome assessments have important limitations. Actigraphy may help to overcome these limitations due to its objective nature and the potential for continuous recording of data. However, actigraphy is not currently accepted as clinically relevant by key stakeholders. METHODS AND RESULTS In this state-of-the-art study, the key aspects to consider when implementing actigraphy in heart failure trials are discussed. They include which actigraphy-derived measures should be considered, how to build endpoints using them, how to measure and analyze them, and how to handle the patients' and sites' logistics of integrating devices into trials. A comprehensive recommendation based on the current evidence is provided. CONCLUSION Actigraphy is technically feasible in clinical trials involving heart failure, but successful implementation and use to demonstrate clinically important differences in physical functioning with drug or other interventions require careful consideration of many design choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Buendia
- Data Science, Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Martin Karpefors
- Data Science, Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Folke Folkvaljon
- Patient Centered Science, BioPharmaceuticals Business, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Hunter
- Regulatory, Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Luton, UK
| | | | - Long Luu
- Digital Health R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, US
| | - Kieran Docherty
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Martin R Cowie
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, US
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2
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Shindell D, Hunter R, Faluvegi G, Parsons L. Premature Deaths Due To Heat Exposure: The Potential Effects of Neighborhood-Level Versus City-Level Acclimatization Within US Cities. Geohealth 2024; 8:e2023GH000970. [PMID: 38169989 PMCID: PMC10759151 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
For the population of a given US city, the risk of premature death associated with heat exposure increases as temperatures rise, but risks in hotter cities are generally lower than in cooler cities at equivalent temperatures due to factors such as acclimatization. Those living in especially hot neighborhoods within cities might therefore suffer much more than average if such adaptation is only at the city-wide level, whereas they might not experience greatly increased risk if adjustment is at the neighborhood level. To compare these possibilities, we use high spatial resolution temperature data to evaluated heat-related deaths assuming either adjustment at the city-wide or at the neighborhood scale in 10 large US cities. On average, we find that if inhabitants are adjusted to their local conditions, a neighborhood that was 10°C hotter than a cooler one would experience only about 1.0-1.5 excess heat deaths per year per 100,000 persons. By contrast, if inhabitants are acclimatized to city-wide temperatures, the hotter neighborhood would experience about 15 excess deaths per year per 100,000 persons. Using idealized analyses, we demonstrate that current city-wide epidemiological data do not differentiate between these differing adjustments. Given the very large effects of assumptions about neighborhood-level acclimatization found here, as well as the fact that current literature is conflicting on the spatial scale of acclimatization, more neighborhood-level epidemiological data are urgently needed to determine the health impacts of variations in heat exposure within urban areas, better constrain projected changes, and inform mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Shindell
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | - R. Hunter
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | - G. Faluvegi
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems ResearchColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - L. Parsons
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
- Global ScienceThe Nature ConservancyDurhamNCUSA
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3
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Wang H, Zhang X, Yang J, Wen Z, Rhee DJ, Sims C, Alsanea F, Lee A, Hunter R, Williamson T, Gunn GB, Frank SJ, Phan J. Proton Based Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Skull Base Patients: Dosimetric Comparison to 4 Modern Radiation Treatment Modalities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e733-e734. [PMID: 37786132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Re-irradiation with ablative doses to a smaller target volume and strict critical structure constraint is a challenge for modern radiation planning and delivery systems. Several advanced radiation treatment techniques can be used for fractionated stereotactic ablative radiosurgery (FSRS) in select patients with unresectable recurrent head and neck tumors. In this study, in order to better understand the dosimetry advantage of each technique, we compare the stereotactic treatment plans of our new small spot size Hitachi proton treatment unit to those of CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (CK), Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GK), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and MR Linac radiotherapy (MRL). MATERIALS/METHODS Ten FSRS skull base patients treated at our institution using VMAT (n = 5) or GK (n = 5) techniques. Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans were created in Raystation using Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm. VMAT, CK, GK and MRL plans were generated in RayStation, Accuray Precision, Leksell Gamma Plan, and Monaco treatment planning systems, separately. Planning goals were to achieve the best target coverage of prescribed dose without compromising the critical organs at risk dose volume constraints of the clinical treatment plans. Plans were compared based on percent CTV coverage, Paddick conformity index (PCI), gradient index (GI, V50/V100), dose homogeneity index (HI, (D2-D98)/D50), low dose bath volume (LDBV, ratio of total volume irradiated between 20% and 50% prescription dose and the target volume), beam-on-time (BOT), and mean/maximum doses to brainstems. RESULTS The median target volume was 15.5 cm3 (range 1.0 - 36.23 cm3). The prescription was 45 Gy in 5 fractions for VMAT patients, and 21 - 27 Gy in 3 fractions for GK patients. The comparison of the treatment plans of these 5 delivery modalities was shown in table. All techniques achieved comparable CTV coverage. GI was superior for GK plans and outstanding in CK and IMPT plans. IMPT plans were also outstanding in regard to BOT and PCI. Significantly improved HI, LDBV and brainstem mean doses were achieved in IMPT plans. For adjacent brainstem and other OARs, maximum doses were comparable among all techniques. CONCLUSION In these five advanced radiation therapy modalities, proton therapy SBRT showed dosimetric advantage over other modalities to spare nearby OARs without sacrifice of target coverage. Further studies are needed to utilize this clinical benefit and investigate plan robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - X Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J Yang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Z Wen
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - D J Rhee
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - C Sims
- Accuray Incorporated, Sunnyvale, CA
| | - F Alsanea
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - R Hunter
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - T Williamson
- Department of Medical Dosimetry, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - G B Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J Phan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Bayrón-Marrero Z, Branfield S, Menéndez-Pérez J, Nieves-López B, Ospina L, Cantres-Rosario Y, Melendez LM, Hunter R, Gibson A, Maldonado-Martínez G, Washington AV. The Characterization and Evaluation of the Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-like Transcript-1 in Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13632. [PMID: 37686440 PMCID: PMC10487797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play crucial roles in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells-like transcript-1 (TLT-1) is stored in platelet α granules, and activated platelets release a soluble fragment (sTLT-1). We set out to better characterize the constituent amino acids of sTLT-1 and to evaluate sTLT-1 for use as a biomarker in patients with stable CAD. We evaluated sTLT-1 release using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry and employed statistical methods to retrospectively correlate sTLT-1 concentrations, utilizing ELISA in plasma samples from 1510 patients with documented stable CAD. We identified TLT-1 residues to 133 in platelet releasates. ADAM17 cuts TLT-1, suggesting that S136 is the C-terminal amino acid in sTLT-1. Our results revealed that for CAD patients, sTLT-1 levels did not differ significantly according to primary outcomes of death or major cardiac event; however, patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction had significantly lower plasma sTLT-1 levels as compared to those with normal LV function (981.62 ± 1141 pg/mL vs. 1247.48 ± 1589 pg/mL; p = 0.003). When patients were stratified based on sTLT-1 peak frequency distribution (544 pg/mL), a significant association with congestive heart failure was identified (OR = 2.94; 1.040-8.282; p = 0.042), which could be explained by LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Bayrón-Marrero
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico–Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (Z.B.-M.); (S.B.); (J.M.-P.); (B.N.-L.); (L.O.)
| | - Siobhan Branfield
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico–Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (Z.B.-M.); (S.B.); (J.M.-P.); (B.N.-L.); (L.O.)
- Department of Biology, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, USA
| | - Javier Menéndez-Pérez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico–Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (Z.B.-M.); (S.B.); (J.M.-P.); (B.N.-L.); (L.O.)
| | - Benjamín Nieves-López
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico–Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (Z.B.-M.); (S.B.); (J.M.-P.); (B.N.-L.); (L.O.)
| | - Laura Ospina
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico–Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (Z.B.-M.); (S.B.); (J.M.-P.); (B.N.-L.); (L.O.)
| | - Yadira Cantres-Rosario
- Translational Proteomics Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (Y.C.-R.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Loyda M. Melendez
- Translational Proteomics Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (Y.C.-R.); (L.M.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Robert Hunter
- Retroviral Research Center, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00960, USA;
| | - Angelia Gibson
- Division of Natural Sciences, Maryville College, Maryville, TN 37804, USA;
| | | | - A. Valance Washington
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico–Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (Z.B.-M.); (S.B.); (J.M.-P.); (B.N.-L.); (L.O.)
- Department of Biology, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, USA
- William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester Hills, MI 48309, USA
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5
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Lam CW, Castranova V, Driscoll K, Warheit D, Ryder V, Zhang Y, Zeidler-Erdely P, Hunter R, Scully R, Wallace W, James J, Crucian B, Nelman M, McCluskey R, Gardner D, Renne R, McClellan R. A review of pulmonary neutrophilia and insights into the key role of neutrophils in particle-induced pathogenesis in the lung from animal studies of lunar dusts and other poorly soluble dust particles. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:441-479. [PMID: 37850621 PMCID: PMC10872584 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2258925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of particle-induced pathogenesis in the lung remain poorly understood. Neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative stress in the lung are hallmarks of toxicity. Some investigators have postulated that oxidative stress from particle surface reactive oxygen species (psROS) on the dust produces the toxicopathology in the lungs of dust-exposed animals. This postulate was tested concurrently with the studies to elucidate the toxicity of lunar dust (LD), which is believed to contain psROS due to high-speed micrometeoroid bombardment that fractured and pulverized lunar surface regolith. Results from studies of rats intratracheally instilled (ITI) with three LDs (prepared from an Apollo-14 lunar regolith), which differed 14-fold in levels of psROS, and two toxicity reference dusts (TiO2 and quartz) indicated that psROS had no significant contribution to the dusts' toxicity in the lung. Reported here are results of further investigations by the LD toxicity study team on the toxicological role of oxidants in alveolar neutrophils that were harvested from rats in the 5-dust ITI study and from rats that were exposed to airborne LD for 4 weeks. The oxidants per neutrophils and all neutrophils increased with dose, exposure time and dust's cytotoxicity. The results suggest that alveolar neutrophils play a critical role in particle-induced injury and toxicity in the lung of dust-exposed animals. Based on these results, we propose an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for particle-associated lung disease that centers on the crucial role of alveolar neutrophil-derived oxidant species. A critical review of the toxicology literature on particle exposure and lung disease further supports a neutrophil-centric mechanism in the pathogenesis of lung disease and may explain previously reported animal species differences in responses to poorly soluble particles. Key findings from the toxicology literature indicate that (1) after exposures to the same dust at the same amount, rats have more alveolar neutrophils than hamsters; hamsters clear more particles from their lungs, consequently contributing to fewer neutrophils and less severe lung lesions; (2) rats exposed to nano-sized TiO2 have more neutrophils and more severe lesions in their lungs than rats exposed to the same mass-concentration of micron-sized TiO2; nano-sized dust has a greater number of particles and a larger total particle-cell contact surface area than the same mass of micron-sized dust, which triggers more alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) to synthesize and release more cytokines that recruit a greater number of neutrophils leading to more severe lesions. Thus, we postulate that, during chronic dust exposure, particle-inflicted AECs persistently release cytokines, which recruit neutrophils and activate them to produce oxidants resulting in a prolonged continuous source of endogenous oxidative stress that leads to lung toxicity. This neutrophil-driven lung pathogenesis explains why dust exposure induces more severe lesions in rats than hamsters; why, on a mass-dose basis, nano-sized dusts are more toxic than the micron-sized dusts; why lung lesions progress with time; and why dose-response curves of particle toxicity exhibit a hockey stick like shape with a threshold. The neutrophil centric AOP for particle-induced lung disease has implications for risk assessment of human exposures to dust particles and environmental particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-wing Lam
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kevin Driscoll
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Valerie Ryder
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Utilization and Life Sciences Office, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL, USA
| | - Patti Zeidler-Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Robert Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Scully
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Wallace
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John James
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Crucian
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayra Nelman
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Roger Renne
- Roger Renne ToxPath Consulting Inc., Sumner, WA, USA
| | - Roger McClellan
- Toxicology and Human Health Risk Analysis, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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May-Davis S, Hunter R, White R. Morphology of the Ventral Process of the Sixth Cervical Vertebra in Extinct and Extant Equus: Functional Implications. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101672. [PMID: 37238101 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the ventral process of C6 in extinct and extant Equus (sister taxa to Equus ferus caballus only) with the purpose of describing normal morphology and identifying anomalous variations relevant to recent studies describing a congenital malformation in E. ferus caballus. Overall, 83 specimens from 9 museums and 3 research/educational facilities were examined, totalling 71 extinct specimens from 12 species and 12 extant specimens from 5 species. The lateral view revealed that a large convexity exists in the ventral process between the cranial ventral tubercle (CrVT) and the caudal ventral tubercle (CVT) in the earliest ancestor, Hyracotherium grangeri, from 55 mya, which receded throughout the millennia to become a smaller convexity in E. ferus caballus and the sister taxa. The CrVT is visibly shorter and narrower than the CVT, with a constricted section directly ventral to the transverse process, essentially demarcating the CrVT and CVT. No congenital malformations were evident. As the ventral process of C6 is an integral component for muscle attachment in supporting the head/neck during posture and locomotion, this would indicate that the caudal module in the cervical column might be compromised when a partial or complete absence of the CVT is detected via radiographs in modern E. ferus caballus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon May-Davis
- Canine and Equine Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Robert Hunter
- Canine and Equine Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Schrag A, Carroll C, Duncan G, Molloy S, Grover L, Hunter R, Brown R, Freemantle N, Whipps J, Serfaty MA, Lewis G. Antidepressants Trial in Parkinson's Disease (ADepT-PD): protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial on the effectiveness of escitalopram and nortriptyline on depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:474. [PMID: 36510237 PMCID: PMC9743717 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02988-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are common in patients with Parkinson's disease and depression is a significant predictor of functional impairment, reduced quality of life and general well-being in Parkinson's disease. Despite the high prevalence of depression, evidence on the effectiveness and tolerability of antidepressants in this population is limited. The primary aim of this trial is to establish the clinical and cost effectiveness of escitalopram and nortriptyline for the treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease. METHODS This is a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial in 408 people with Parkinson's disease with subsyndromal depression, major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder and a Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score of 14 or above. Participants will be randomised into one of three groups, receiving either escitalopram, nortriptyline or placebo for 12 months. Trial participation is face-to-face, hybrid or remote. The primary outcome measure is the BDI-II score following 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes will be collected at baseline, 8, 26 and 52 weeks and following withdrawal, including severity of anxiety and depression scores as well as Parkinson's disease motor severity, and ratings of non-motor symptoms, cognitive function, health-related quality of life, levodopa-equivalence dose, changes in medication, overall clinical effectiveness, capability, health and social care resource use, carer health-related quality of life, adverse effects and number of dropouts. DISCUSSION This trial aims to determine the effectiveness of escitalopram and nortriptyline for reducing depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease over 8 weeks, to provide information on the effect of these medications on anxiety and other non-motor symptoms in PD and on impact on patients and caregivers, and to examine their effect on change in motor severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03652870 Date of registration - 29th August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schrag
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK ,grid.437485.90000 0001 0439 3380Department of Neurology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Carroll
- grid.11201.330000 0001 2219 0747Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - G Duncan
- grid.39489.3f0000 0001 0388 0742NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Molloy
- grid.417895.60000 0001 0693 2181Department of Neurosciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - L Grover
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hunter
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Brown
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - N Freemantle
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Comprehensive Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Whipps
- PPI Representative, Plymouth, UK
| | - M. A Serfaty
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK ,Priory Hospital North London, London, UK
| | - G Lewis
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
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8
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Daramola AK, Akinrinmade OA, Fajemisin EA, Naran K, Mthembu N, Hadebe S, Brombacher F, Huysamen AM, Fadeyi OE, Hunter R, Barth S. A recombinant Der p 1-specific allergen-toxin demonstrates superior killing of allergen-reactive IgG + hybridomas in comparison to its recombinant allergen-drug conjugate. Immunother Adv 2022; 3:ltac023. [PMID: 36789295 PMCID: PMC9912260 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current treatments for asthma help to alleviate clinical symptoms but do not cure the disease. In this study, we explored a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of house dust mite allergen Der p 1induced asthma by aiming to eliminate specific population of B-cells involved in memory IgE response to Der p 1. Materials and Methods To achieve this aim, we developed and evaluated two different proDer p 1-based fusion proteins; an allergen-toxin (proDer p 1-ETA) and an allergen-drug conjugate (ADC) (proDer p 1-SNAP-AURIF) against Der p 1 reactive hybridomas as an in vitro model for Der p 1 reactive human B-cells. The strategy involved the use of proDer p 1 allergen as a cell-specific ligand to selectively deliver the bacterial protein toxin Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA) or the synthetic small molecule toxin Auristatin F (AURIF) into the cytosol of Der p 1 reactive cells for highly efficient cell killing. Results As such, we demonstrated recombinant proDer p 1 fusion proteins were selectively bound by Der p 1 reactive hybridomas as well as primary IgG1+ B-cells from HDM-sensitized mice. The therapeutic potential of proDer p 1-ETA' and proDer p 1-SNAP-AURIF was confirmed by their selective cytotoxic activities on Der p 1 reactive hybridoma cells. The allergen-toxin demonstrated superior cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values in the single digit nanomolar value, compared to the ADC. Discussions Altogether, the proof-of-concept experiments in this study provide a promising approach for the treatment of patients with house dust mite-driven allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Daramola
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O A Akinrinmade
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - E A Fajemisin
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Naran
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Mthembu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A M Huysamen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O E Fadeyi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Barth
- Correspondence: Stefan Barth, South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Barnard Fuller Building, Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7935 South Africa.
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9
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Deb M, Hunter R, Taha M, Abdelbary H, Anis H. Rapid detection of bacteria using gold nanoparticles in SERS with three different capping agents: Thioglucose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and citrate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 280:121533. [PMID: 35752039 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging bacterial infections over the last few decades calls for their rapid detection and treatment. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a technique that can be applied to develop fast screening systems for bacterial presence in biological samples. Optimizing the capping agents in nanoparticle synthesis is important because capping agents are responsible for controlling the morphological features and chemical properties of the nanoparticles that are essential for SERS. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to study the application of gold nanoparticles capped with thioglucose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in SERS detection of bacteria as an alternative to the citrate-capped gold nanoparticles that are often used in SERS detection of bacteria. Three different species of bacteria were used in this study: Cutibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant). This study demonstrates that the thioglucose, citrate both show good contribution in bacterial species identification and the thioglucose shows the best among the three capping agents in two types of S. aureus identification. Moreover, although PVP showed high Raman peaks in the SERS spectrum for each type of bacteria, it showed least contribution in identifying species and strains due to its low efficacy in producing responses from different nucleic acid components in the bacteria cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamaya Deb
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Robert Hunter
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mariam Taha
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Hesham Abdelbary
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Hanan Anis
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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10
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Cho D, Skinner D, Lim D, Zhang S, Grayson J, Swords W, Rocha E, Woodworth B, Kiedrowski M, Hunter R. 473 Acetate and propionate metabolism by Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to significant sinus inflammation in a rabbit model of sinusitis. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)01163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Poppe M, Duffy L, Marchant NL, Barber JA, Hunter R, Bass N, Minihane AM, Walters K, Higgs P, Rapaport P, Lang IA, Morgan-Trimmer S, Huntley J, Walker Z, Brodaty H, Kales HC, Ritchie K, Burton A, Wenborn J, Betz A, Cooper C. The APPLE Tree programme: Active Prevention in People at risk of dementia through Lifestyle, bEhaviour change and Technology to build REsiliEnce-randomised controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:596. [PMID: 35883143 PMCID: PMC9315085 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale trials of multidomain interventions show that modifying lifestyle and psychological risk factors can slow cognitive decline. We aim to determine if a lower intensity, personally tailored secondary dementia prevention programme for older people with subjective or mild objective memory decline, informed by behaviour change theory, reduces cognitive decline over 2 years. METHODS A multi-site, single-blind randomised controlled trial recruiting 704 older adults at high dementia risk due to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Participants are randomised using 1:1 allocation ratio to the APPLE Tree intervention versus control arm (dementia prevention information), stratified by site. The intervention explores and implements strategies to promote healthy lifestyle, increase pleasurable activities and social connections and improve long-term condition self-management. Two facilitators trained and supervised by a clinical psychologist deliver ten, 1-h group video call sessions over 6 months (approximately every fortnight), video-call 'tea breaks' (less structured, facilitated social sessions) in intervening weeks and individual goal-setting phone calls every 2 weeks. From 6 to 12 months, participants meet monthly for 'tea breaks', with those not attending receiving monthly goal-setting phone calls. Participants receive a food delivery, pedometer and website access to cognitive training and information about lifestyle modification. Follow-ups for all outcome measures are at 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome is cognition (Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) score) at 24 months. Secondary outcomes are quality of life, cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and wellbeing and lifestyle factors the intervention targets (diet, vascular risk, body weight, activity, sleep, anxiety, depression, social networks and loneliness, alcohol intake and smoking). Participants from purposively selected sites participate in qualitative process evaluation interviews, which will be analysed using thematic analytic methods. DISCUSSION If effective, the intervention design, involving remote delivery and non-clinical facilitators, would facilitate intervention roll-out to older people with memory concerns. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN17325135 . Registration date 27 November 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Poppe
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Duffy
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - N L Marchant
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - J A Barber
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Hunter
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Bass
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - A M Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Higgs
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Rapaport
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - I A Lang
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - S Morgan-Trimmer
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - J Huntley
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Z Walker
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - H C Kales
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - K Ritchie
- Institut de Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Montpellier, France
| | - A Burton
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Wenborn
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Betz
- Queen Mary University London, Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute for Population Health, London, UK
| | - C Cooper
- Queen Mary University London, Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute for Population Health, London, UK.
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12
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Johnsson H, Hunter R, Boyle S. POS1468 PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY IN A PATIENT WITH A BACKGROUND OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS AND CEREBRAL LUPUS. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundProgressive multifocal leukocencephalopathy (PML) is a potentially fatal degenerative condition caused by reactivation of the human polyomavirus 2 (JC virus) in immunodeficient individuals. It is well recognised in individuals who have received Rituximab, but patients treated with other immunosuppressants are at risk also (1). Moreover, patients with SLE may be at increased risk, even when they are not taking immunosuppressants (1, 2).ObjectivesDescribe the case of a patient with a history of lupus nephritis and cerebral lupus, on long-term Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and Prednisolone, diagnosed with PML complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).MethodsCase report.ResultsThis patient first presented in 2010 at the age of 18 with ankle swelling and proteinuria. She had high ANA and anti-dsDNA titres, and renal biopsy showed class IV lupus nephritis. She went into remission on high dose Prednisolone and MMF and elected to stop her MMF. Four months later, she developed behaviour changes and worsening proteinuria. MRI showed a mild high signal lesion in the right cerebral hemisphere, and she was diagnosed with cerebral lupus. She recovered after treatment with IV methylprednisolone and MMF. Over the subsequent eight years, she had three flares of her lupus nephritis, with repeat biopsies in 2013 and 2018 showing active proliferative (class IVA) glomerulonephritis. Consequently she was treated with varying doses of oral Prednisolone and MMF for most of this period. She never received any B-cell depleting therapies.In October 2020, she presented to A&E with numbness in her left face and down her left arm and leg. MRI demonstrated signal abnormalities in her right hemisphere, involving the cortex, white matter and leptomeninges. She was lymphopenic (0.58x10^9/L) with a low CD4 count of 136 cells/uL (normal range 620-1990 cells/uL). A recent dsDNA had risen to 70 IU/ml. Her cerebrospinal fluid revealed mildly raised white cells and a weakly positive JC virus PCR. The differential diagnoses included cerebral lupus, opportunistic infection and malignancy. During this period of diagnostic uncertainty, she was treated with an increased dose of oral Prednisolone and plasma exchange. She went on to have a brain biopsy that showed peri-vascular lymphocytic infiltration and JC virus was present in high copy numbers in the brain tissue (49221.8 IU/mL), confirming a diagnosis of PML. Her MMF was stopped but she continued a low dose Prednisolone with the addition of Hydroxychloroquine.She was re-admitted two weeks after discharge in December 2020 with a right-sided headache, left facial weakness and loss of dexterity in her left hand. MRI showed evidence of IRIS in the right hemisphere with cerebral oedema causing midline shift. She was treated with IV Dexamethasone then Prednisolone 30 mg daily, with a gradual taper over a year.She has made a good recovery with minimal neurological deficit; she had recurrent seizures which responded well to anticonvulsant therapy. Her SLE has not flared.ConclusionThis describes a case of PML in the context of longstanding lupus nephritis, treated with prednisolone and MMF. Her longstanding lymphopenia with low CD4 counts were attributed to the combined consequences of active lupus and her cumulative immunosuppressive burden. CD4 lymphopenia is associated with PML in the HIV population, and may provide information about which patients on immunosuppressive treatments are at risk of developing PML (3). However, not enough is known to routinely screen patients and the counts of other lymphocyte subsets are likely to be important too.The case highlights that PML can be associated with different immunosuppressants, other than B-cell depletion. The prompt diagnosis, facilitated by brain biopsy, and appropriate management led to a good medium-term outcome for this patient, showing that PML is eminently survivable.References[1]Calabrese LH, Molloy ES. ARD 2008;67:iii64-iii65[2]Henegar CE et al. Lupus 2016;25(6):617-26[3]Mills EA, Mao-Draayer Y. Front Immunol 2018;9:138Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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13
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Bangash F, Collinson J, Dungu J, Gedela S, Westwood M, Manisty C, Farwell D, Tan S, Savage H, Vlachos K, Silberbauer J, Calvo J, Hunter R, Schilling R, Srinivasan N. Assessment of optimal thresholds for ventricular scar substrate characterization using the high density grid multipolar mapping catheter. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Voltage thresholds for ventricular scar definition are based on historic data collected using catheters with widely spaced bipoles in the absence of contact force. Modern multipolar mapping catheters employ smaller electrodes and interelectrode spacing that theoretically allows for mapping with increased resolution and reduced far-field electrogram (EGM) component. Despite the advancement in technology, historic cut-offs of <0.5mV for dense scar and 0.5-1.5mV for scar borderzone continue to be used in contemporary electrophysiology.
Purpose
We aimed to assess the optimal voltage cut-offs for ventricular scar substrate characterization using the HD Grid multipolar mapping catheter. Voltage cut-offs were assessed against cardiac MRI derived scar. We compared optimal voltage cut-offs using conventional bipolar sampling, the Best Duplicate Algorithm and with the HD wave solution plus best duplicate algorithm on.
Methods
A multicentre study of twenty patients undergoing VT ablation was conducted. Substrate mapping was performed using the high-density HD-grid multipolar mapping catheter. Bipolar voltage maps were co-registered with cardiac MRI obtained prior to the procedure to assess the voltage characteristics of scar defined by cardiac MRI (CMR) (Figure 1). Pre-procedure contrast enhanced CMR data were analysed using ADAS software (Galgo medical). Data points were collected in regions of scar during (1) HD wave mapping with best duplicate algorithm on(Waveon), (2) Mapping with HD wave off and best duplicate on (Waveoff) and (3) with conventional bipolar mapping (Alloff).
Results
The median bipolar voltage for regions of dense CMR scar using (Waveon) HD wave solution and best duplicate algorithm was 0.27mV (IQR 0.14 – 0.46). The median voltage with (Waveoff) HD wave off was 0.29mV (0.15 – 0.45). The median voltage with (Alloff) HD wave off and best duplicate off was 0.32mV (0.19 – 0.5). ROC analysis using AUC suggested the optimal cut-off for endocardial dense scar using (Waveon) HD wave mapping and best duplicate algorithm was 0.30mV (sensitivity: 69.6%, specificity: 60.74%), (Waveoff) cut-off with the best duplicate and without the HD wave mapping was 0.34mV (sensitivity: 69.78%, specificity: 64.46%) and (Alloff) without wave mapping or best duplication was 0.36mV (sensitivity: 84%, specificity: 52%) Figure 2.
Conclusion
Ventricular substrate characterization with newer mapping technology using narrow electrode spacing and smaller electrode size suggests that traditional voltage cut-offs may need revision for delineation of scar characteristics. Additionally, the ability to repeat sample in a region to obtain the best signal (Best Duplicate), and the ability to obviate the effect of wavefront direction using the HD wave solution omnipolar technology, may further increase the fidelity of scar characterization. This has important implications for mapping VT and characterizing channels in order to identify VT circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bangash
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Collinson
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Dungu
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Gedela
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Westwood
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Manisty
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Farwell
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Tan
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Savage
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Vlachos
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - J Silberbauer
- Sussex Cardiac Centre, Brighton, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Calvo
- Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals N H S Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Hunter
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Schilling
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Srinivasan
- Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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14
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Briosa E Gala A, Pope MTP, Leo M, Ormerod J, Field D, Balasubramaniam R, Thomas H, Gardner RS, Hunter R, Gallagher MM, Wilson D, Paisey JR, Curzen NP, Betts TR. Accuracy of AF burden detection with the new Confirm Rx with Sharp-sense technology. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are increasingly used to monitor atrial fibrillation (AF) burden following catheter ablation. AF burden recorded by the Confirm Rx™ ICM cannot be modified even after adjudication of false-positive (FP) episodes. We sought to investigate accuracy of the AF burden detection in a UK cohort.
Methods
This multicentre retrospective study included patients with Confirm Rx™ and at least one episode >6 minutes across 9 UK hospitals. Each episode had a corresponding 120-second EGM (electrogram) and heart rate scatterplot which was considered representative of the whole episode. One cardiologist adjudicated all EGMs as ‘True AF’ or ‘False positive’ and a random sample of 10% was reviewed to account for intra and interobserver variability. AF burden was computed as the duration of all episodes classified as AF by the Confirm-Rx divided by the total duration of follow-up. ‘True-AF’ burden was calculated by dividing the duration of episodes adjudicated as ‘True-AF’ by the total duration of follow-up. We also investigated the accuracy of AF burden according to implantation indication and episode duration.
Results
A total of 16,230 individual AF episodes were included from 232 consecutive patients. Overall, 26,137 hours of AF were recorded and a total follow-up 315 patient-years which equates to an AF burden of 0.95%. However, only 24,404.7 (93.3%) hours represented time in ‘True-AF’ and a ‘True-AF’ burden for the whole cohort of 0.89% (Table 1). Patients with a Confirm-Rx™ for palpitations and suspected AF had the lowest proportion of ‘True-AF’ burden and had a modest contribution to the overall AF burden (Figure 1). Conversely, patients with known AF had the highest proportion of ‘True-AF’ burden recorded. Most AF (84.5%) episodes lasted less than 1 hour with approximately a quarter adjudicated as false-positive detections, but their contribution towards overall AF burden was very small (Figure 2A-2B). In contrast, AF >3 hours accounted for 76.4% of time in AF and the proportion of ‘True-AF’ burden was 98.5%.
Conclusion
The accuracy of the estimated AF burden for the whole cohort was excellent (93.3%), driven by the high proportion of ‘True-AF’ burden in AF>3 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Briosa E Gala
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - MTP Pope
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Leo
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Ormerod
- Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Trust, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Field
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Balasubramaniam
- University Dorset Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Thomas
- Wansbeck General Hospital, Ashington, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - RS Gardner
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Hunter
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - MM Gallagher
- St George’s University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Wilson
- Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JR Paisey
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - NP Curzen
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - TR Betts
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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15
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Breitenstein A, Kanthasamy V, Hofer D, Hunter R, Butcher CH, Ahluwalia N, Schilling RJ, Finlay M. Early results of the novel radiofrequency balloon ablation catheter for pulmonary vein isolation. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone for treating of symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Single-shot PVI technologies have evolved as a standard for first-time PVI. A novel radiofrequency balloon ablation catheter is now available to offer single-shot RF pulmonary vein isolation.
Purpose
To summarize the early experience using the novel RF balloon ablation catheter for patients undergoing PVI in two tertiary centres in Europe.
Methods
We prospectively assessed the first 38 consecutive patients undergoing PVI using RF balloon ablation catheter for paroxysmal or persistent AF in two high volume centres. Both centres used a standardised approach including ultrasound-guided vascular access, uninterrupted anticoagulation, transeptal puncture via the RF balloon sheath and a limited 3D mapping software-guided LA geometry created with a circular mapping catheter. Radiofrequency application for 60s to the anterior segments and 20s posteriorly was performed in all cases, phrenic pacing was employed for ablation of right PVs. BHS performed all procedures (except 2 cases due to high BMI and severe sleep apnea) under sedation, while all patients from UHZ underwent PVI procedures with general anaesthesia as per institutional protocol. All patients had an oesophageal temperature probe to assess oesophageal temperature during ablation (passed orally under sedation) and had uninterrupted oral anticoagulation throughout the periprocedural period.
Results
Overall, mean age was 64±8 years, 23 (61%) were male, 24 (63%) of patients had paroxysmal AF. The majority were de novo interventions (92%). There was no significant difference between the patients demographics in the two hospitals. All veins were isolated in both groups with a total of 144 applications (n = 73 in the sedation group, n = 71 in the GA population). Median fluoroscopy time was comparable (sedation group 1.1 minutes vs GA group 1.2 minutes; P = 0.58), but median procedure time was shorter in the sedation group (65 minute vs 106 minutes; P < 0.001). The median number of RF ablation per patient (sedation group 7 vs GA group 9; P = 0.32) and time to isolation of each vein (sedation group 11 seconds vs GA group 10 seconds; P = 0.9) were similar. Number of acute reconnections requiring further ablations were not significantly different between groups (sedation group 11 [15%] vs GA group 14 [20%]; P = 0.96). One patient sustained transient phrenic nerve injury in the sedation group.
Conclusion
Our early experience shows the novel HS balloon ablation can be performed effectively, efficiently and safely under either GA or conscious sedition. The RF balloon ablation catheter paradigm lends itself to refined workflows, with low fluoroscopy requirements and a short learning curve even in initial cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Kanthasamy
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Hofer
- University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Hunter
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - CH Butcher
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Ahluwalia
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - RJ Schilling
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Finlay
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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16
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Collinson J, Bangash F, Dungu J, Gedela S, Westwood M, Manisty C, Farwell D, Tan S, Savage H, Vlachos K, Schilling R, Hunter R, Srinivasan N. Integration of structural and functional data in VT ablation -- SENSE2 protocol mapping. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
We have previously developed the sense protocol functional substrate mapping technique for VT ablation(1). However, functional substrate characterizaiton can involve protracted mapping time.
Purpose
We incorporated the integration of MRI data using ADAS-3D software into the mapping workflow, to integrate structural mapping information into the functional mapping substrate characterization, in order to improve procedural efficiency.
Methods
CMRs were performed in 20 patients with ischemic related VT and VT therapy in the previous 6 months. These were processed with the ADAS-3D software to characterize the extent of ventricular scars and also ADAS corridors which may correlate with VT channels. Focused substrate maps were then performed in patients, guided by the extent of ADAS scar and corridors, looking at the scar substrate in intrinsic rhythm and then functional channels using single extra pacing from the RV at 20ms above ERP (SENSE2 Protocol). Specifically healthy areas 2cm beyond the scar borderzone based on ADAS were not mapped, in order to reduce substrate mapping time and complete geometries were not created. Following delineation of functional channels pacemapping and entrainment mapping were used to confirm targets for ablation.
The ADAS 3D MRI was integrated into the into the VT substrate map on Ensite-Precision with alignment to the aorta, RV and PA (Figure 1). We compared our data with previous functional mapping data without the integration of MRI.
Results
20 patients (age 70 years; 19 male subjects) underwent ablation. Mean EF 28%. Median procedure time was 161 minutes compared with 246 minutes (in our previous study)(p=<0.001) Mean substrate mapping time was 32 mins vs 63 mins (p=<0.001). Mean ablation time was 22 mins vs 32 mins (p=0.11). 85% (17 of 20) patients were free from symptomatic VT/ anti-tachycardia pacing or implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks at a median follow-up of 171 days. The mean VT burden was reduced from 22 events per patient in the 6 months’ pre-ablation to 1 event per patient in the median follow up period of 171 days post ablation (p=0.02). Mean shocks per-patient burden decreased from 3.5 to 0.08 in the same time period(p=0.03).
Conclusion
The SENSE2 protocol involves the integration of structural and functional data into the VT workflow for substrate characterization. It enables focused substrate maps to be performed without the need for complete geometry to be created in large ventricles. Outcomes compare favourably with our previous data but with significantly shorter procedure times. This streamlined workflow has the potential to improve care in VT ablation by shortening procedure times with similar outcomes which may reduce risks for the patient.
Figure 1: Comparison of Voltage Map with MRI scar & corridors using ADAS
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Affiliation(s)
- J Collinson
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - F Bangash
- Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Dungu
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Gedela
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Westwood
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Manisty
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Farwell
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Tan
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Savage
- Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital, Essex, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Vlachos
- Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - R Schilling
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Hunter
- Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Srinivasan
- Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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17
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Briosa E Gala A, Pope MTB, Leo M, Ormerod J, Field D, Balasubramaniam R, Hunter R, Thomas H, Gardner RS, Gallagher MM, Wilson D, Paisey JR, Curzen NP, Betts TR. Diagnostic accuracy of the Confirm-Rx atrial fibrillation detection algorithm in real-world patients. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Continuous rhythm monitoring with implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) is commonly used to detect and characterise atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes. The Confirm Rx™ with SharpSense™ technology offers four new discriminators and second pass analysis aimed at enhancing detection and improving accuracy for cardiac arrhythmias. This study sought to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the Confirm Rx™ AF detection algorithm in a UK cohort of ‘real-world’ patients.
Methods
This multicentre retrospective study included patients with Confirm Rx™ and at least one episode of AF>6 minutes from August 2018 to August 2021 across 9 UK hospitals. Each episode had a corresponding 120-second electrogram (EGM) and heart rate scatterplot. One cardiologist manually adjudicated all EGMs as ‘True-AF’ or ‘False-positive. To assess for intra and inter-observer variability, 10% of the EGMs were reviewed. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by calculating the raw and patient-averaged positive predictive value (PPV) for AF episode of different durations and implant indications.
Results
During the study 232 patients met inclusion criteria with a total of 315 patient-years of follow-up. 16,320 individual AF episodes were adjudicated; intra- and interobserver variability was excellent (Cohen’s kappa 0.85 and 0.86, respectively). The rate of ‘True-AF’ detection was 3.19 episodes per month corresponding to a raw PPV of 74.5% for the whole cohort. The highest number of episodes per months was observed in patients with a Confirm-Rx for palpitations (5.1) and suspected AF (5.8) but only approximately half of these represented ‘True-AF’ episodes (Figure 1). Patients with known AF had the lowest rate of AF episodes (1.6 episodes per month) but the highest proportion of ‘True-AF’ episodes (PPV of 95.5%). A clear trend of improving diagnostic accuracy was seen with longer AF episodes (Table1). AF>3 hours had a PPV above 94% and all episodes lasting longer than 24 hours were ‘True-AF’. For AF episode of short duration, the PPV varied with the population being monitored; however, for longer AF episodes the PPV increased significantly and irrespective of implant indication (Figure 2).
Conclusion
Overall, the Confirm Rx™ ICM diagnostic accuracy was modest for all AF episodes lasting longer than 6 minutes (74.5%) but improved considerably for longer AF episodes irrespective of implant indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Briosa E Gala
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - MTB Pope
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Leo
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Ormerod
- Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Trust, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Field
- Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Balasubramaniam
- University Dorset Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Hunter
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Thomas
- Wansbeck General Hospital, Ashington, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - RS Gardner
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - MM Gallagher
- St George’s University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Wilson
- Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JR Paisey
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - NP Curzen
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - TR Betts
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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18
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Mullins L, Assmus A, Sherbourne C, Early J, Claeyssens F, Haycock J, Hunter R, Mullins J. Dynamic Compartmentalisation of Intracellular Sodium in Collecting Duct Cells. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.l8003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mullins
- Cardiovascular Science CentreQueen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburgh
| | - Adrienne Assmus
- Cardiovascular Science CentreQueen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburgh
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Hunter
- Cardiovascular Science CentreQueen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburgh
| | - John Mullins
- Cardiovascular Science CentreQueen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburgh
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19
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Lam CW, Castranova V, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Renne R, Hunter R, McCluskey R, Scully RR, Wallace WT, Zhang Y, Ryder VE, Cooper B, McKay D, McClellan RO, Driscoll KE, Gardner DE, Barger M, Meighan T, James JT. Comparative pulmonary toxicities of lunar dusts and terrestrial dusts (TiO 2 & SiO 2) in rats and an assessment of the impact of particle-generated oxidants on the dusts' toxicities. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:51-67. [PMID: 35294311 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2038736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Humans will set foot on the Moon again soon. The lunar dust (LD) is potentially reactive and could pose an inhalation hazard to lunar explorers. We elucidated LD toxicity and investigated the toxicological impact of particle surface reactivity (SR) using three LDs, quartz, and TiO2. We first isolated the respirable-size-fraction of an Apollo-14 regolith and ground two coarser samples to produce fine LDs with increased SR. SR measurements of these five respirable-sized dusts, determined by their in-vitro ability to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH), showed that ground LDs > unground LD ≥ TiO2 ≥ quartz. Rats were each intratracheally instilled with 0, 1, 2.5, or 7.5 mg of a test dust. Toxicity biomarkers and histopathology were assessed up to 13 weeks after the bolus instillation. All dusts caused dose-dependent-increases in pulmonary lesions and toxicity biomarkers. The three LDs, which possessed mineral compositions/properties similar to Arizona volcanic ash, were moderately toxic. Despite a 14-fold •OH difference among these three LDs, their toxicities were indistinguishable. Quartz produced the lowest •OH amount but showed the greatest toxicity. Our results showed no correlation between the toxicity of mineral dusts and their ability to generate free radicals. We also showed that the amounts of oxidants per neutrophil increased with doses, time and the cytotoxicity of the dusts in the lung, which supports our postulation that dust-elicited neutrophilia is the major persistent source of oxidative stress. These results and the discussion of the crucial roles of the short-lived, continuously replenished neutrophils in dust-induced pathogenesis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Wing Lam
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Health and Performance Contract, KBR, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Patti C Zeidler-Erdely
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Roger Renne
- Roger Renne ToxPath Consulting Inc, Sumner, WA, USA
| | - Robert Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Robert R Scully
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Health and Performance Contract, KBR, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William T Wallace
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Health and Performance Contract, KBR, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Utilization & Life Sciences Office, NASA Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA
| | - Valerie E Ryder
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bonnie Cooper
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Systems, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David McKay
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Systems, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kevin E Driscoll
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mark Barger
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Terence Meighan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John T James
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Hunter R, Wilkinson E, Snaith B. A single-centre experience of implementing a rapid CXR reporting and CT access pathway for suspected lung cancer: Initial outcomes. Radiography (Lond) 2022; 28:304-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Moore P, Wiggen T, Kent L, Arif S, Lucas S, O’Grady S, Hunter R. 414: Anaerobic microbiota facilitate Pseudomonas aeruginosa access to the airway epithelium in a novel co-culture model of colonization. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Kent L, Arif S, Cleaver A, O’Connor J, Wagner B, Harris J, Laguna T, Hunter R. 518: Relationships between mucin integrity and microbiota in the pediatric CF airway. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Cho D, Skinner D, Zhang S, Lim D, Swords W, Hunter R, Rowe S, Woodworth B. 445: Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients to the anaerobic environment. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Stellenboom N, Hunter R, Caira M, Oztekin A, Zilbeyaz K. Unsymmetrical Cysteine Disulfides as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Mark N, Papageorgiou N, Ramplin J, Monkhouse C, Moore P, Chow A, Hunter R, Sporton S, Providencia R, Earley M, Elliott J, Muthumala A. Feasibility of using his bundle pacing with boston scientific generators. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
His bundle pacing (HBP) aims to deliver physiological activation of the ventricles via the native His-Purkinje conduction system. A challenge of HBP is the limited market of implantation tools, pacing leads and specifically designed pacing algorithms.
Purpose
Over the last three years both Medtronic (MDT) and Boston Scientific (BSC) generators have been used for HBP in a large tertiary centre. We examined whether there was any difference between lead parameters and battery longevity depending on the type of manufacturer used.
Methods
Patients implanted with a MDT Select Secure model 3830 lead were included in this retrospective study. Data collected included HBP thresholds (analysed at 1ms pulse width) at implant and at the most recent device check, HBP percentages and battery longevity (months). Battery longevity were calculated by adding duration of follow up and estimated battery life at last follow up.
Results
A total of 31 patients were included for data analysis (58% male and mean age 72 years). 18 patients had MDT generators of which 3 were PPMs, 5 were CRT-Ps and 10 were CRT-Ds. 13 patients had BSC generators of which 5 were PPMs, 5 were CRT-Ps and 3 were CRT-Ds. Mean follow up of the cohort was 12.7±9.02 months.
Mean HBP percentages were 77±37% and 72.2±42.1% for MDT and BSC, respectively (p=0.430). Mean HBP threshold (Volts) at implant was significantly lower with BSC vs MDT (0.85±0.58 vs 1.84±1.06, p=0.01), and similar after follow up (1.01±0.91 vs 1.32±0.73, p=NS). There were no statistically significant differences between mean HBP threshold at implant compared to follow up for both manufacturers.
Interestingly, mean battery longevity for BSC vs MDT generators was significantly higher (136±29.3 vs 90.5±29.1, p<0.001). Longevity was also compared for PPM/CRT-P and CRT-D separately. For PPM/CRT-P, BSC generators had significantly higher longevity as compared to MDT (141.6±33.1 vs 91.6±34.5, p=0.009). This difference was not observed for CRT-Ds between the 2 manufacturers (p=0.068).
Conclusion
Our results suggest HBP with MDT Select Secure 3830 lead is feasible with BSC generators. There is potentially greater battery longevity with BSC compared to MDT generators. Further studies are needed with greater numbers and longer follow up to confirm this finding.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mark
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Ramplin
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Monkhouse
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Moore
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Chow
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Hunter
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Sporton
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Earley
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Elliott
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Muthumala
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Middleton RM, Craig EM, Rodgers WJ, Tuite-Dalton K, Garjani A, Evangelou N, das Nair R, Hunter R, Tallantyre EC, Cauchi M, Cairn C, Paling D, Fuller S, McDonnell G, Petheram K, Liu B, Nock U, Ingram G, Brownlee W, Taylor J, Nicholas R. COVID-19 in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinically reported outcomes from the UK Multiple Sclerosis Register. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 56:103317. [PMID: 34653949 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2020, the United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Register (UKMSR) established an electronic case return form, designed collaboratively by MS neurologists, to record data about COVID-19 infections in people with MS (pwMS). OBJECTIVES Examine how hospital admission and mortality are affected by disability, age and disease modifying treatments (DMTs) in people with Multiple Sclerosis with COVID-19. METHODS Anonymised data were submitted by clinical teams. Regression models were tested for predictors of hospitalisation and mortality outcomes. Separate analyzes compared the first and second 'waves' of the pandemic. RESULTS Univariable analysis found hospitalisation and mortality were associated with increasing age, male gender, comorbidities, severe disability, and progressive MS; severe disability showed the highest magnitude of association. Being on a DMT was associated with a small, lower risk. Multivariable analysis found only age and male gender were significant. Post hoc analysis demonstrated that factors were significant for hospitalisation but not mortality. In the second wave, hospitalisation and mortality were lower. Separate models of the first and second wave using age and gender found they had a more important role in the second wave. CONCLUSIONS Features associated with poor outcome in COVID-19 are similar to other populations and being on a DMT was not found to be associated with adverse outcomes, consistent with smaller studies. Once in hospital, no factors were predictive of mortality. Reassuringly, mortality appears lower in the second wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Middleton
- Population Data Science, School of Medicine, Singleton Park, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
| | - E M Craig
- Population Data Science, School of Medicine, Singleton Park, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - W J Rodgers
- Population Data Science, School of Medicine, Singleton Park, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - K Tuite-Dalton
- Population Data Science, School of Medicine, Singleton Park, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - A Garjani
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Evangelou
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R das Nair
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Hunter
- Psychology Department, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - E C Tallantyre
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - M Cauchi
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - C Cairn
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Paling
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - S Fuller
- Barking Havering and Redbridge Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, United Kingdom
| | - G McDonnell
- Belfast City Hospital, Belfas, United Kingdom
| | - K Petheram
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - B Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - U Nock
- Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, United Kingdom
| | - G Ingram
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - W Brownlee
- University College London, Queen Square MS Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Taylor
- York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, United Kingdom
| | - R Nicholas
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Hartnett KP, Powell KM, Rankin D, Gable P, Kim JJ, Spoto S, Breaker E, Hunter R, Dotson N, McAllister G, Stevens V, Halpin AL, Houston H, Epson E, Malarkey M, Mendoza M, McNeill L, Perkins KM. Investigation of Bacterial Infections Among Patients Treated With Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Products Marketed as Stem Cell Therapies. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2128615. [PMID: 34618037 PMCID: PMC8498849 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The number of clinics marketing stem cell products for joint diseases, chronic pain, and most recently, COVID-19, has increased despite warnings from the US Food and Drug Administration that stem cell products for these and other indications have not been proven safe or effective. OBJECTIVE To examine bacterial infections in 20 patients who received umbilical cord blood-derived products marketed as stem cell treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case series is a national public health investigation including case-finding, medical record review and abstraction, and laboratory investigation, including sterility testing of products and whole-genome sequencing of patient and product isolates. Participants included patients who developed bacterial infections following administration of umbilical cord blood-derived products marketed as stem cell treatment during August 2017 to September 2018. Data analysis was performed from March 2019 to September 2021. EXPOSURES Umbilical cord blood-derived products marketed as stem cell treatment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Data were collected on patient infections and exposures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed sterility testing on undistributed and distributed vials of product marketed as stem cell treatment and performed whole-genome sequencing to compare patient and product bacterial isolates. RESULTS Culture-confirmed bacterial infections were identified in 20 patients (median [range] age, 63 [2-89] years; 13 male patients [65%]) from 8 US states who sought stem cell treatment for conditions including pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and injury; all but 1 required hospitalization. The most frequently isolated bacteria from patients with infections were common enteric species, including Escherichia coli (14 patients) and Enterobacter cloacae (7 patients). Of unopened, undistributed products sampled for testing, 65% (22 of 34 vials) were contaminated with at least 1 of 16 bacterial species, mostly enteric. A patient isolate from Arizona matched isolates obtained from products administered to patients in Florida, and patient isolates from Texas matched undistributed product sent from the company in California. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Unapproved stem cell products can expose patients to serious risks without proven benefit. Sequencing results suggest a common source of extensive contamination, likely occurring during the processing of cord blood into product. Patients and health care practitioners who are considering the use of unapproved products marketed as stem cell treatment should be aware of their unproven benefits and potential risks, including serious infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen P. Hartnett
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Krista M. Powell
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Paige Gable
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Erin Breaker
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Gillian McAllister
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Valerie Stevens
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alison Laufer Halpin
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hollis Houston
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Erin Epson
- California Department of Public Health, Sacramento
| | - Mary Malarkey
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Lorrie McNeill
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kiran M. Perkins
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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28
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Malkoske KE, Sixel KE, Hunter R, Battista JJ. COMP Report: An updated algorithm to estimate medical physics staffing levels for radiation oncology. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:6-15. [PMID: 34318570 PMCID: PMC8364262 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Medical physics staffing models require periodic review due to the rapid evolution of technology and clinical techniques in radiation oncology. We present an update to a grid‐based physics staffing algorithm for radiation oncology (originally published in 2012) that has been widely used in Canada over the last decade. Materials and Methods The physics staffing algorithm structure was modified to improve the clarity and consistency of input data. We collected information on clinical procedures, equipment inventory, and teaching activities from 15 radiation treatment centers in the province of Ontario from April 1, 2018, to March 31, 2019. Using these data sets, the algorithm's weighting parameters were adjusted to align the prediction of full‐time equivalent (FTE) personnel with actual staffing levels in Ontario. The algorithm computes FTE estimates for medical physicists, physics assistants, engineering (electrical and mechanical), and information technology (IT) support. The performance of the algorithm was also tested in eight Canadian cancer centers outside of Ontario. Results The mean difference between the algorithm and actual staffing for the 23 Canadian cancer centers did not exceed 0.5 FTE for any staffing group. The results were slightly better in Ontario than in other provinces, as expected since the algorithm was optimized using Ontario data. There was a linear correlation between the algorithm predictions and the number of annual‐treated cases for physicists, and physicists plus physics assistants. For other staff categories, the algorithm weighting parameters were not significantly altered, except for a reduction in mechanical engineering staff. Comparison with other published models suggests that the updated algorithm should be considered as a minimum recommended staffing level for the clinical support of radiation oncology programs. Conclusions We support the use of grid‐based physics staffing algorithms that account for clinical workload with flexibility to adapt to local conditions with variable academic and research demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Malkoske
- Simcoe Muskoka Regional Cancer Program, Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Barrie, ON, Canada
| | - Katharina E Sixel
- Department of Medical Physics, Durham Regional Cancer Centre, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Hunter
- Department of Medical Physics, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jerry J Battista
- Departments of Oncology and Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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29
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McGovern D, Lees J, Kidder D, Smith J, Traynor J, Dhaun N, Hunter R, Joss N, Kelly M, MacKinnon M, Cousland Z, Shiell K, Lim M, Geddes CC, McQuarrie E, Stevens K. FC 065PREDICTING OUTCOMES IN ANCA ASSOCIATED VASCULITIS: THE COMPLETE SCOTTISH EXPERIENCE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab136.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
Outcomes in ANCA vasculitis remain difficult to predict and therapeutic decision-making can be challenging. We aimed to establish if a renal risk score (RRS) could predict outcomes in this population.
Method
The Scottish Renal Biopsy Registry is a complete national dataset of all renal biopsies performed in Scotland. Those who had a first renal biopsy between 01/01/2014 and 31/12/2017 with evidence of ANCA vasculitis were included. Demographic data, treatment regimens, episodes of relapse and patient and kidney survival were recorded, retrospectively. The RRS was calculated using the system proposed by Brix et al (1). Each patient was categorised according to % of normal glomeruli (N0 >25%, N1 10 to 25%, N2 <10%), % of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T0 ≤25%, T1 >25%) and eGFR (CKD-EPI) at time of biopsy (eGFR: G0 >15 mL/min/1.73 m2, G1 ≤15 mL/min/1.73 m2). Individual scores were summated and patients defined as low, medium or high risk. Cox proportional hazard models were created for survival to ESKD, relapse and death, stratified by risk category. Analyses were conducted using R statistical software.
Results
Two-hundred and forty-six patients with biopsy proven ANCA vasculitis were identified. Fifty percent (n=123), 46% (n=112) and 5% (n=11) were stratified as low, medium and high risk respectively. Fifty-two percent (n=129) were male and mean age at biopsy was 66.7±12.2 years. This was similar across the risk categories. Mean eGFR was lower in the high-risk category (High risk 8.6±6.1 ‘v’ Low risk 45.7±26.0 ml/min/1.73m2, p<0.001) and proteinuria was higher (High risk 405 (IQR 170-767) ‘v’ Low risk 81 (IQR 41-155) mg/mmol, p<0.001). Thirty-seven percent (n=91) were PR3 antigen positive, 2% (n=5) had dual positivity. In the high risk category, 8 (73%) were PR3 or dual positive. Eighteen (n=7%) patients experienced pulmonary haemorrhage; representation similar across all risk categories.
Those categorised as medium or high risk were more likely to receive plasma exchange and/or haemodialysis at presentation (p<0.001) compared with the low risk category. Overall, 16% (n=40) of patients relapsed with a trend to higher risk of relapse in the low risk group (27% of these patients, p=0.05). Thirty seven (15%) patients developed ESKD. Cox proportional hazard model for development of ESKD (Figure 1) shows that those in high risk ‘v’ low risk category were more likely to reach ESKD (HR 124.8, 95% CI 26.4-590.3, p<0.001). Patient survival was similar between risk categories.
Conclusion
A simple RRS, using routinely reported data, in patients with renal biopsy proven ANCA vasculitis can help to predict development of ESKD. It may also be predictive of future relapse in those with a lower RRS, most likely explained by reduced irreversible damage in this group. The RRS could inform monitoring and treatment decisions.
Whilst the numbers are small, a unique strength of this data is that it is based on a complete national dataset making it less susceptible to bias from regional variations in diagnostic and therapeutic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic McGovern
- The Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Lees
- The Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Kidder
- Renal Unit, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - James Smith
- Renal Unit, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Traynor
- The Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Renal Unit, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hunter
- Renal Unit, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Joss
- Renal Unit, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Kelly
- Renal Unit, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries
| | | | - Zoe Cousland
- Renal Unit, University Hospital Monklands, Airdrie, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Shiell
- Renal Unit, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Lim
- Renal Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Colin C Geddes
- The Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily McQuarrie
- The Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Stevens
- The Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Wong G, Ahmed D, Creta A, Honarbakhsh S, Kanthasamy V, Maclean E, Sawhney V, Earley M, Hunter R, Schilling RJ, Finlay M. ProGlide venous closure device facilitates early ambulation following cryoablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Heart Foundation
Background
Same-day discharge following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is increasingly common. ProGlide device suture-mediated vascular closure (PD) offers a technique that may expedite mobilisation following large-bore (>12F) venous access. The utility of PD closure following cryoablation of AF has not been reported.
Purpose
We sought to evaluate haemostasis and early ambulation outcomes in patients receiving the ProGlide compared with conventional techniques.
Methods
104 consecutive patients undergoing cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for paroxysmal or persistent at a single high-volume institution were included. PVI was performed via a standardised approach including sedation, ultrasound-guided vascular access for 14F Cryosheath and second 7F sheath, anticoagulation protocol, transeptal puncture, 28mm cryoballoon and nurse-led same-day discharge protocol. Haemostasis was achieved using the Perclose Proglide device (PD) in the 14F access point ("pre-closure" technique) plus 5 minutes manual pressure at the 7F sheath site. Alternatively, a figure-of-eight/Z-suture (ZS) was employed for closure according to operator preference. Protamine was used for heparin reversal in all patients. Safety outcomes of major bleeding, haematoma and minor bleeding were assessed. Time to ambulation (TTA), time to discharge (TTD), same-day discharge and complications at initial follow-up were measured.
Results
Overall, mean age was 64 ± 11 years, 65 (64%) were male and 52 (50%) of patients had paroxysmal AF, there were no significant differences between group demographics, with 31 patients (30%) in the PD group and 73 (70%) in the ZS group. All patients had uninterrupted oral anticoagulation throughout the periprocedural period. No major femoral bleeding complications requiring intervention occurred in either group. Haematomas occurred in none of the PD group compared with 2 (2.8%) in the ZS group. Incidence of minor bleeding was not significantly different between groups (PD: 3 [9.7%] vs ZS: 2 [2.7%], p = 0.155). Mean TTA was significantly shorter in the PD group (3.3 ± 1.1 vs 4.1 ± 1.7 hrs, p = 0.025). However, there was no significant difference in same-day discharge (PD: 25 [81%] vs ZS: 53 [73%], p = 0.386) and TTD (5.0 ± 3.6 vs 6.1 ± 4.2 hrs, p = 0.275) between groups. 1 patient complained of groin pain which delayed discharge in the ZS group not seen in the PD group. After a mean follow-up of 2.2 ± 1.4 months, there were no differences in major or minor complications.
Conclusion
Use of the Proglide closure device was associated with significant reductions in time to ambulation compared with Z-suture haemostasis following cryoablation of AF, and groin access complications were uncommon across groups. PD closure may contribute to further streamlining patient pathways in day-case AF ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wong
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Ahmed
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Creta
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Honarbakhsh
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - V Kanthasamy
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E Maclean
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - V Sawhney
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Earley
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Hunter
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - RJ Schilling
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Finlay
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Deisenhofer I, Lengauer S, Telishevska M, Richter S, Rajappan K, Kottmaier M, Bertagnolli L, Moreno J, Hunter R, Tao C, Della Bella P. European early experience with a novel 3D mapping system. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Catheter navigation and 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac mapping are critical for successful electrophysiological ablation procedures. A novel 3D mapping system received CE Mark in July 2020. The system offers two imaging modalities: magnetic-based (VoXel) and impedance-based (NavX). Real-time display of 3D location and catheter movements is achieved via a magnetic field frame and magnetic sensors with supplemental impedance data when operating in VoXel mode or primarily via an impedance field generated from surface electrodes in NavX mode. To address limitations in data collection commonly experienced during 3D mapping, a new respiratory compensation algorithm, patient movement detection module, and metal compensation algorithm have been developed to enable consistent data collection throughout the full respiratory cycle even in challenging cases and lab environments.
Purpose
To examine the clinical utility and procedural characteristics associated with the use of this novel 3D mapping system among participating centers.
Methods
Procedural data was collected in cases utilizing the newly cleared mapping system during the initial evaluation phase in Europe. Procedural characteristics recorded included indication for mapping and ablation, rhythm mapped, chambers mapped, and procedure time.
Results
Procedural data was collected from over 250 cases across 12 European centers. A total of 12 indications for mapping and ablation were represented including de novo and redo atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent), ventricular tachycardia (ischemic, non-ischemic) or premature ventricular contraction, and supraventricular arrhythmias (typical and atypical atrial flutter, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia). Over 70% of the cases were performed in VoXel mode. Impedance mode was mostly used in SVT cases or when the case was intended to be completed with minimal fluoroscopy. The most commonly mapped rhythms were sinus rhythm during voltage mapping and atrial tachycardia. The majority of cases (over 65%) were completed under conscious sedation; general anesthesia was used in 20% of the cases (15% not reported). The respiratory compensation algorithm was utilized in over 90% of the cases. For cases in which pre-procedural computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were available, operators indicated that the model shape was accurate when compared to pre-procedural imaging in 96% of the cases performed in VoXel mode.
Conclusions
Initial European experience with this novel 3D mapping system included a wide variety of arrhythmias in the atria and ventricles. This new mapping system offered operators the flexibility to tailor to specific procedure needs with two imaging modalities which were both widely utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Lengauer
- German Heart Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - S Richter
- Heart Center - University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Rajappan
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | | | - L Bertagnolli
- Heart Center - University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Moreno
- Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Hunter
- St Bartholomew"s Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Tao
- Abbott, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - P Della Bella
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Assmus A, Mullins L, Ward M, Dobie R, Hunter R, Henderson NC, Mullins JJ. Loss of Adam10 Disrupts Ion Transport in Immortalized Kidney Collecting Duct Cells. Function (Oxf) 2021; 2:zqab024. [PMID: 34131651 PMCID: PMC8187228 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney cortical collecting duct (CCD) comprises principal cells (PCs), intercalated cells (IC), and the recently discovered intermediate cell type. Kidney pathology in a mouse model of the syndrome of apparent aldosterone excess revealed plasticity of the CCD, with altered PC:intermediate cell:IC ratio. The self-immortalized mouse CCD cell line, mCCDcl1, shows functional characteristics of PCs, but displays a range of cell types, including intermediate cells, making it ideal to study plasticity. We knocked out Adam10, a key component of the Notch pathway, in mCCDcl1 cells, using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and isolated independent clones, which exhibited severely affected sodium transport capacity and loss of aldosterone response. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed significantly reduced expression of major PC-specific markers, such as Scnn1g (γ-ENaC) and Hsd11b2 (11βHSD2), but no significant changes in transcription of components of the Notch pathway were observed. Immunostaining in the knockout clone confirmed the decrease in expression of γ-ENaC and importantly, showed an altered, diffuse distribution of PC and IC markers, suggesting altered trafficking in the Adam10 knockout clone as an explanation for the loss of polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Assmus
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Linda Mullins
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mairi Ward
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ross Dobie
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Robert Hunter
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Hunter R, Jawad N, Byass O. NG12 patient questionnaire: a simple intervention identifies patients at risk of lung cancer and improves the diagnostic pathway. Clin Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhu JJ, Lu G, Rao M, Zhu P, Linendoll N, Tian X, Pilichowska M, Wu J, Glass W, Bhattacharjee M, Ballester LY, Chen L, Zhang R, Pillai A, Buja LM, Hunter R. NCMP-09. POSTMORTEM STUDY OF ORGAN SPECIFIC TOXICITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF TEMOZOLOMIDE, BEVACIZUMAB AND IRINOTECAN. Neuro Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Combined chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), bevacizumab (BEV) and irinotecan (IRI) [TBI] has been used in patients with recurrent or progressive high-grade gliomas. Patients tolerated the regimen well with increased frequency of reversible clinical myelosuppression (CM), hypertension and proteinuria. However, organ-specific toxicities have never been evaluated by post-mortem examination. From 2009 to 2019, post-mortem examinations were performed in seventy-six decedents, including gliomas (N=68, 44/M and 24/F, median age: 59, ranging 23–80 years old) and brain metastases (N=8, 5/M and 3/F, ranging 39–75 years old). Twenty-four glioma subjects were treated with 1–25 cycles TBI (median 5.5) at glioma recurrence. All subjects’ clinical information, treatment histories and adverse events were collected. Five (7.7%, 5/65) glioma decedents (excluding three glioma patients who never received TMZ) permanently discontinued TMZ due to severe CM during concurrent chemoradiation therapy. There is no significantly elevated severity of CM from TBI when compared to standard of care therapies, nor when comparing extended TMZ treatment to the standard 12 cycles of TMZ. However, exposure to IRI significantly increased the CM occurrence (p< 0.05). Among glioma decedents, the most common cause of death was tumor progression (63.2 %, N=43), followed by aspiration pneumonia (48.5%, N=33). No deaths were attributed to acute toxicity from TBI. An electromicroscopic (EM) examination was performed in addition to routine autopsy procedures to investigate the cause of hypertension and proteinuria frequently developing in patients received BEV therapy. Ultrastructural evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy was observed in the kidneys among BEV users; however, it is difficult to conclude such changes were related to BEV due to rapid autolytic changes and artifacts. CONCLUSION: IRI, not the extended use of TMZ, significantly increased the frequency of reversible CM in recurrent glioma patients. There are no unexpected adverse events or organ-specific toxicities detected among glioma decedents who received the TBI regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mayank Rao
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xuejun Tian
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Julian Wu
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Glass
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meenakshi Bhattacharjee
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - L Maximilian Buja
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Hunter
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Ctr at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Miller Renfrew L, Rafferty D, Lord A, Hunter R, Paul L. Determining validity of the PALite and ODFS PACE activity logger for measuring step count in healthy adults. Gait Posture 2020; 80:315-317. [PMID: 32593100 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining adherence with orthoses is important for clinicians prescribing devices. Measuring orthotic use often relies on patient recall which has poor agreement with objective measures. Measuring step count whilst wearing an orthosis could help objectively quantifying adherence. The Odstock Drop Foot Stimulator (ODFS) Pace, used in foot drop, has an integral activity logger which provides data on step count. The PALite, an accelerometer, measures step count and can be fixed to an ankle foot orthoses (AFO). Both have the potential to provide objective measures of adherence; however, their validity for this purpose has not been determined. RESEARCH QUESTION To determine the validity of the PALite and ODFS Pace activity logger in measuring total step count, by exploring their level of agreement. METHODS A convenience sample of sixteen healthy volunteers, aged 18-65, were recruited from Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU). Participants walked continuously for 5 min on a treadmill at three walking speeds; normal (1.3ms-1), slow (0.4 ms-1) and fast (1.7-2.0 ms-1), wearing both the PALite and ODFS Pace. All walks were video recorded, viewed by 2 raters, and observed step count was determined by a click counter. Step count from both devices was validated against observed step count using video recording. The level of agreement between the three methods was established. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the 3 methods of measuring step count at any walking speed (normal, p = 0.913; slow, p = 0.938; fast, p = 0.566). Good levels of agreement for both devices with observed step count at all 3 walking speeds, with mean percentage differences being between -1.2 and 2.1 % (maximum upper and lower levels of agreement = 19.5 and -18.8 %) was detected. SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians could consider both devices to objectively measure step count with people who are prescribed foot drop orthoses, thus quantifying orthotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Rafferty
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Lord
- MS Service, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Scotland, UK
| | - R Hunter
- MS Service, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Scotland, UK
| | - L Paul
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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Worrall N, Brevig J, Jin R, Gluckman T, Hunter R, Ducsik M, Batkoff B, Grunkemeier G. Reduction in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery mortality and morbidity during a 3-year multicenter quality improvement project. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 159:1779-1791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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May-Davis S, Vermeulen Z, Hunter R, Brown W. Rare Finding of a Full Nuchal Ligament Lamellae With Attachment Points From C2–C7 in One Australian Stock Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 84:102847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Appleton E, Buell D, Agnew A, Hunter R. Skeletal Health in Collegiate Club Triathlon Athletes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hildago-Oporto P, Navia R, Hunter R, Coronado G, Gonzalez ME. Synthesis of carbon nanotubes using biochar as precursor material under microwave irradiation. J Environ Manage 2019; 244:83-91. [PMID: 31108314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich porous material obtained by the thermochemical treatment of biomass. Biochar presents a suitable composition as precursor material for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) growth, and can be used as a sustainable alternative in the valorization of biomass. In this study, the synthesis of CNTs using biochar as biological precursor material is presented. CNTs were synthesized using a mixture of biochar and ferrocene including microwave assisted heating. Biochar samples used in the synthesis of CNTs were obtained from agroindustrial waste such as wheat straw, oat hulls, rapeseed cake and hazelnut hulls pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 600 °C. Synthesized CNTs were examined by dynamic light scattering, UV-VIS spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the physicochemical properties of CNTs were influenced by pyrolysis temperature of biomass. Biochars obtained at 600 °C produced higher CNTs concentration and smaller hydrodynamic diameter. Moreover, CNTs synthesized from biochar of hazelnut hulls and wheat straw show a higher degree of wall graphitization, suggesting superior CNT quality. The results of this study show the feasible production of CNTs using biochar as precursor material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Hildago-Oporto
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - R Navia
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Departament of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Centre for Biotechnology & Bioengineering (CeBiB), University of La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - R Hunter
- Departament of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - G Coronado
- School of Industrial Processes, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
| | - M E Gonzalez
- Departament of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Scull CE, Zhang Y, Tower N, Rasmussen L, Padmalayam I, Hunter R, Zhai L, Bostwick R, Schneider DA. Discovery of novel inhibitors of ribosome biogenesis by innovative high throughput screening strategies. Biochem J 2019; 476:2209-2219. [PMID: 31341008 PMCID: PMC7278283 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, ribosome biogenesis has emerged as an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this study, two high-throughput screens were used to identify ribosome biogenesis inhibitors. Our primary screen made use of the HaloTag selective labeling strategy to identify compounds that decreased the abundance of newly synthesized ribosomes in A375 malignant melanoma cells. This screen identified 5786 hit compounds. A subset of those initial hit compounds were tested using a secondary screen that directly measured pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) abundance as a reporter of rRNA synthesis rate, using quantitative RT-PCR. From the secondary screen, we identified two structurally related compounds that are potent inhibitors of rRNA synthesis. These two compounds, Ribosome Biogenesis Inhibitors 1 and 2 (RBI1 and RBI2), induce a substantial decrease in the viability of A375 cells, comparable to the previously published ribosome biogenesis inhibitor CX-5461. Anchorage-independent cell growth assays further confirmed that RBI2 inhibits cell growth and proliferation. Thus, the RBI compounds have promising properties for further development as potential cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Scull
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | | | - Ling Zhai
- Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, U.S.A
| | | | - David A Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
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Balsdon A, Timotin E, Hunter R, Diamond K. Stability of Intracavitary Applicator Placement for HDR Brachytherapy of Cervix Cancer. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019; 50:441-448. [PMID: 31311722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is often treated with a combination of external beam radiation therapy and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy. An intrauterine ring and tandem applicator is used for intracavitary brachytherapy. The dose is prescribed to the high-risk clinical target volume. The goals of this study were to investigate the stability of intracavitary applicator placement during patient transfer and to evaluate the dosimetric impact of displacement. METHODS Fourteen patients with cervical cancer were analyzed. Three sets of orthogonal fluoroscopic radiographs were obtained in the high-dose-rate suite after the insertion and before treatment: pre-computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopic radiograph with patient in the lithotomy position, pre-CT fluoroscopic radiograph with patient in the legs down position, and post-CT fluoroscopic radiograph with patient in the legs down position. Applicator position after CT was compared with the pre-CT radiographs to determine if the position changed during patient transfer. The displacement was measured in the anterior-posterior, medio-lateral, and superior-inferior directions, as well as the degree of pitch, roll, and yaw. To study the impact of applicator shifts on dose to organs at risk (OARs), the ring and tandem applicator was shifted virtually in the BrachyVision treatment planning system. The OARs studied included the small bowel, sigmoid colon, rectum, and bladder. Five millimeter shifts were made in the superior-inferior, medio-lateral, and anterior-posterior direction. Three degree rotations were made in the pitch, yaw, and roll directions. Applicator shifts were analyzed in only one direction at a time. The dosimetric impact on OARs was evaluated by comparing the original and shifted/rotated plans to dose-volume histogram-based criteria. RESULTS The average displacements were 1.9 ± 0.5 mm laterally, 3.0 ± 0.6 mm longitudinally, and 9.5 ± 1.5 mm anterior-posterior. The average applicator rotation on the posterior-anterior radiograph was 1.0 ± 0.2° and 2.6 ± 0.6° on the lateral radiograph. Five millimeter anterior-posterior shifts had the greatest effect on dose to OARs. On average, 5 mm anterior shifts had the greatest effect on the small bowel dose, where there was a 13.7% (79.6 cGy) increase in D2cc. Five millimeter anterior shifts also affected bladder dose, with a 36.5% (141.1 cGy) increase in D2cc. Five millimeter POST shifts increased the rectal D2cc by 28.6% (168.7 cGy). Other directional shifts had negligible effects on dose. The largest effect on OAR dose arising from rotations was to the sigmoid colon, when the applicator rotated in the POST pitch direction. As a result, the dose increased by 4.7% (7.6 cGy). All other rotations had minimal impact on OAR doses. CONCLUSION Patient transfer resulted in applicator shifts and rotations that had a measurable effect on dose to OARs. The displacements were the result of either a direct shift or rotation of the applicator. Additional tracking of these shifts and rotations may clarify the sources of these unwanted motions and suggest possible mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Balsdon
- McMaster University, Faculty of Science, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Radiation Therapy Department, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Emilia Timotin
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Radiation Therapy/Medical Physics Department, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Hunter
- McMaster University, Faculty of Science, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Juravinski Cancer Centre, Radiation Therapy/Medical Physics Department, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Diamond
- McMaster University, Faculty of Science, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Juravinski Cancer Centre, Radiation Therapy/Medical Physics Department, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Jones SA, Jones JM, Leung V, Nakashima AK, Oakeson KF, Smith AR, Hunter R, Kim JJ, Cumming M, McHale E, Young PP, Fridey JL, Kelley WE, Stramer SL, Wagner SJ, West FB, Herron R, Snyder E, Hendrickson JE, Peaper DR, Gundlapalli AV, Langelier C, Miller S, Nambiar A, Moayeri M, Kamm J, Moulton-Meissner H, Annambhotla P, Gable P, McAllister GA, Breaker E, Sula E, Halpin AL, Basavaraju SV. Sepsis Attributed to Bacterial Contamination of Platelets Associated with a Potential Common Source - Multiple States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019; 68:519-523. [PMID: 31194723 PMCID: PMC6613552 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6823a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During May-October 2018, four patients from three states experienced sepsis after transfusion of apheresis platelets contaminated with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (ACBC) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus; one patient died. ACBC isolates from patients' blood, transfused platelet residuals, and two environmental samples were closely related by whole genome sequencing. S. saprophyticus isolates from two patients' blood, three transfused platelet residuals, and one hospital environmental sample formed two whole genome sequencing clusters. This whole genome sequencing analysis indicated a potential common source of bacterial contamination; investigation into the contamination source continues. All platelet donations were collected using apheresis cell separator machines and collection sets from the same manufacturer; two of three collection sets were from the same lot. One implicated platelet unit had been treated with pathogen-inactivation technology, and two had tested negative with a rapid bacterial detection device after negative primary culture. Because platelets are usually stored at room temperature, bacteria in contaminated platelet units can proliferate to clinically relevant levels by the time of transfusion. Clinicians should monitor for sepsis after platelet transfusions even after implementation of bacterial contamination mitigation strategies. Recognizing adverse transfusion reactions and reporting to the platelet supplier and hemovigilance systems is crucial for public health practitioners to detect and prevent sepsis associated with contaminated platelets.
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Valentini T, Lucas S, Cameron L, Dunitz J, Hunter R. WS19-6 Bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging reveals translationally active subpopulations of the cystic fibrosis lung microbiota. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hunter R, Actor J. The pathogenesis of post-primary tuberculosis. A game changer for vaccine development. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 116S:S114-S117. [PMID: 31076321 PMCID: PMC6626673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A vaccine that prevents transmission of infection is urgently needed in the fight against tuberculosis (TB). Results of clinical trials have been disappointing. Major problems include lack of biomarkers and understanding of the mechanisms of disease and protection. A more fundamental problem is that the scientific community seldom recognizes that primary and post-primary TB are distinct disease entities. Nearly all vaccine candidates have been designed and tested in models of primary TB, while transmission of infection is mediated by post-primary TB. Post-primary TB is seldom studied because no animal develop complete symptoms of the disease as it exists in humans. Nevertheless, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits all develop infections that at certain points appear to be models of human post-primary TB. Slowly progressive pulmonary TB in immunocompetent mice is an example. It is characterized by an alveolitis with infected foamy macrophages that have multiple characteristics of the human disease. We demonstrated that inclusion of an immune modulating agent, lactoferrin, with a BCG vaccine in this model induced a sustained reduction in lung pathology, but not numbers of organisms in tissue. Since the animals die of expanding pathology, this demonstrates the feasibility of using selected animal models for studies of vaccines against post-primary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, MSB 2.136, 6431 Fannin, Houston TX,77030, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Actor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, MSB 2.136, 6431 Fannin, Houston TX,77030, USA
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Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are low-complexity elements (e.g., LINEs, SINEs, SVAs, and HERVs) that make up to two-thirds of the human genome. There is mounting evidence that TEs play an essential role in molecular functions that influence genomic plasticity and gene expression regulation. With the advent of next-generation sequencing approaches, our understanding of the relationship between TEs and psychiatric disorders will greatly improve. In this chapter, the Authors comprehensively summarize the state-of the-art of TE research in animal models and humans supporting a framework in which TEs play a functional role in mechanisms affecting a variety of behaviors, including neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, the Authors discuss recent therapeutic applications raised from the increasing experimental evidence on TE functional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guffanti
- McLean Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - A Bartlett
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P DeCrescenzo
- McLean Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - F Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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Morales-Ortíz J, Deal V, Reyes F, Maldonado-Martínez G, Ledesma N, Staback F, Croft C, Pacheco A, Ortiz-Zuazaga H, Yost CC, Rowley JW, Madera B, John AS, Chen J, Lopez J, Rondina MT, Hunter R, Gibson A, Washington AV. Platelet-derived TLT-1 is a prognostic indicator in ALI/ARDS and prevents tissue damage in the lungs in a mouse model. Blood 2018; 132:2495-2505. [PMID: 30282800 PMCID: PMC6284217 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-03-841593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) affect >200 000 individuals yearly with a 40% mortality rate. Although platelets are implicated in the progression of ALI/ARDS, their exact role remains undefined. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells (TREM)-like transcript 1 (TLT-1) is found on platelets, binds fibrinogen, and mediates clot formation. We hypothesized that platelets use TLT-1 to manage the progression of ALI/ARDS. Here we retrospectively measure plasma levels of soluble TLT-1 (sTLT-1) from the ARDS Network clinical trial and show that patients whose sTLT-1 levels were >1200 pg/mL had nearly twice the mortality risk as those with <1200 pg/mL (P < .001). After correcting for confounding factors such as creatinine levels, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation III scores, age, platelet counts, and ventilation volume, sTLT-1 remains significant, suggesting that sTLT-1 is an independent prognostic factor (P < .0001). These data point to a role for TLT-1 during the progression of ALI/ARDS. We use a murine lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI model and demonstrate increased alveolar bleeding, aberrant neutrophil transmigration and accumulation associated with decreased fibrinogen deposition, and increased pulmonary tissue damage in the absence of TLT-1. The loss of TLT-1 resulted in an increased proportion of platelet-neutrophil conjugates (43.73 ± 24.75% vs 8.92 ± 2.4% in wild-type mice), which correlated with increased neutrophil death. Infusion of sTLT-1 restores normal fibrinogen deposition and reduces pulmonary hemorrhage by 40% (P ≤ .001) and tissue damage by 25% (P ≤ .001) in vivo. Our findings suggest that TLT-1 uses fibrinogen to govern the transition between inflammation and hemostasis and facilitate controlled leukocyte transmigration during the progression of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Deal
- Division of Natural Sciences, Maryville College, Maryville, TN
| | - Fiorella Reyes
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Nahomy Ledesma
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Franklin Staback
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Cheyanne Croft
- Division of Natural Sciences, Maryville College, Maryville, TN
| | - Amanda Pacheco
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga
- Department of Computer Science, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - C Christian Yost
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology and Molecular Medicine Program and
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bismark Madera
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Alex St John
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Jose Lopez
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Medicine, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Robert Hunter
- Retroviral Research Center, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Angelia Gibson
- Division of Natural Sciences, Maryville College, Maryville, TN
| | - A Valance Washington
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Nguyen NTA, Timotin E, Hunter R, Sur RK. High-dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy: An effective palliation for cholangiocarcinoma causing bile duct obstruction. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:625-629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Creta A, Providencia R, Karim N, Papageorgiou N, Sporton S, Chow A, Finlay M, Ahsan S, Earley MJ, Khan F, Hunter R, Lowe M, Segal O, Lambiase PD, Schilling RJ. P5773Atrial fibrillation catheter ablation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: multi-centre experience and application of HCM-Risk SCD score to predict ablation outcome. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Creta
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Providencia
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Karim
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Papageorgiou
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Sporton
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Chow
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Finlay
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Ahsan
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M J Earley
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Khan
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Hunter
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Lowe
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Segal
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - P D Lambiase
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R J Schilling
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Horth RZ, Jones JM, Kim JJ, Lopansri BK, Ilstrup SJ, Fridey J, Kelley WE, Stramer SL, Nambiar A, Ramirez-Avila L, Nichols A, Garcia W, Oakeson KF, Vlachos N, McAllister G, Hunter R, Nakashima AK, Basavaraju SV. Fatal Sepsis Associated with Bacterial Contamination of Platelets - Utah and California, August 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67:718-722. [PMID: 29953428 PMCID: PMC6023189 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6725a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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