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Azevedo BT, de Oliveira HN, Katiki LM, Filho AEV, Domingos AG, Antunes S, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC, Ibelli AMG, Giglioti R. A small proportion of Zebu genetic background in crossbred calves may not be enough to improve resistance against natural bovine Babesia spp. infections. Vet Parasitol 2024; 328:110165. [PMID: 38490159 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of cattle breeders in tropical and subtropical regions is to acquire animals with taurine-productive traits adapted to the broad weather range of these regions. However, one of the main challenges on using taurine genetics in these areas is the high susceptibility of these animals to tick-borne diseases. Consequently, the present study evaluated from 10 November 2021-19 April 2022, the over 13 assessments, the Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina DNA loads and the IgG anti-B. bovis and anti-B. bigemina levels in Angus (n = 17, 100% Taurine) and Ultrablack (n = 14, ∼82% taurine and 18% Zebu) calves. Data were analyzed using a multivariate mixed model with repeated measures of the same animal including the fixed effects of evaluation, genetic group, sex, Babesia spp., and their interactions. The repeatability values were estimated from the (co)variances matrix and expressed for each species. The correlations between the DNA loads (CNlog) and IgG titers (S/P) values for the two species were also estimated using the same model. Regarding the specific IgG antibody titers for both Babesia spp., no significant differences were observed between the two genetic groups. However, for B. bovis and B. bigemina DNA loads, Ultrablack calves presented significantly higher values than Angus calves. Under the conditions evaluated in this study, our findings suggest that the low percentage of Zebu genetic in the Ultrablack breed was insufficient to improve resistance against babesiosis. Further studies must demonstrate if the low percentages of Zebu genetics in Taurine breeds can modify the susceptibility to babesiosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Antunes
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
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Dos Anjos KA, Duarte FC, Katiki LM, Giglioti R, Santos BG, Mendes MC. In vitro evaluation of the potential of mites of the family Macrochelidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) as macrobiological agents against the nematode Haemonchus contortus (Strongylida: Trichostrongylidae). Vet Parasitol 2024; 328:110191. [PMID: 38723410 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Small ruminants (sheep and goats) constantly suffer from endoparasitoses caused by gastrointestinal nematodes. Among these, the species Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) is considered to be the one of greatest importance within sheep farming. This nematode is difficult to control due to its resistance to most commercial anthelmintics. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of macrochelid mites as macrobiological agents for controlling endoparasitoses of sheep caused by the nematode, H. contortus. For this, novel in vitro methodology was used, in which assessments were made not only of the predatory ability but also the population growth of mite species (Macrocheles merdarius, Macrocheles robustulus and Holostaspella bifoliata) when offered larvae of the nematode, H. contortus. The predatory ability of the mites, M. merdarius and H. bifoliata were efficient regarding their predatory ability against H. contortus nematode larvae. The mite, M. merdarius exhibited the highest predation rate with mean distribution values for the treated group of 18656 ± 10091 and for the control group of 1178 ± 712 (P < 0.0001). The species, H. bifoliata presented the highest population growth rate, with a percentage acarid recovery rate of 263% in relation to the number added initially. The data from this in vitro predation experiment suggest that, M. merdarius and H. bifoliata showed promise as macrobiological agents for controlling gastrointestinal endoparasitoses of sheep caused by the nematode, H. contortus given that both species reduced the population of this helminth by more 70% and the number of mites recovered was three times greater than the number added.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, R. Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
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Giglioti R, Filho AEV, Domingos AG, da Silva SS, Cunha RC, Ibelli AMG, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC. Detection and quantification of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina using different target genes. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105122. [PMID: 38194893 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Molecular assays have been widely used for the detection and quantification of bovine babesiosis due to their high sensitivity and specificity. However, variations in the sensitivity of pathogen detection may occur depending on the selected target gene. Thus, this study aimed to compare the detection sensitivity (DS) of Babesia bovis and B. bigemina infection levels in artificially and naturally infected cattle using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and six target genes. For B. bovis, the merozoite surface antigen genes 2b and 2c (msa-2b and msa-2c), and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cybmt) were used. For B. bigemina, the genes encoding the proteins associated with rhoptry 1c (rap-1c), rap-1a, and cybmt were used. Six bovines, free of babesiosis, were artificially infected with 1 × 10-8 red blood cells infected (iRBC) with B. bovis (n = 3) or 1 × 10-6B. bigemina iRBC (n = 3). The animals were evaluated daily until parasitemia was confirmed (≥ 2.0%). The quantity of iRBC present in each animal was determined by examining blood smears. Blood samples were then subjected to DNA extraction, serial dilution, and qPCR analysis to determine the DS of each target gene. In addition, 30 calves naturally infected by Babesia spp. were also evaluated using the same six target genes. Regarding the artificial infection, B. bovis cybmt showed 25-fold higher sensitivity than the msa-2b and msa-2c genes, while the B. bigemina cybmt exhibited 5-fold and 25-fold higher sensitivity than the rap-1a and rap-1c genes, respectively. The rap-1a gene was found to be 5 times more sensitive than the rap-1c gene, while the B. bovis msa-2b and msa-2c genes exhibited similar DS. The positive frequencies of naturally infected calves for the target cybmt, msa-2b, and msa-2c genes (B. bovis) were: 100%, 33.3% and 50%, while cybmt, rap-1a, and rap-1c genes (B. bigemina) were 90%, 83.3%, and 63.3%, respectively. This study may contribute to the selection of suitable genes for molecular monitoring of bovine babesiosis. Mitochondrial genes could be considered as an alternative to improve the sensitivity of B. bovis and B. bigemina detection using qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sérgio Silva da Silva
- C.R.O. Animal Science, Estrada Colônia São Domingos, Colônia, Turuçú, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Casquero Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Katiki LM, Giglioti R, Ferreira JFS, Pacheco PA, Barbosa HZ, Rodrigues L, Veríssimo CJ, Braga PAC, Amarante AFT, Louvandini H. Combined effects of Limonene and Ivermectin on P-glycoprotein-9 gene expression of lambs Infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2023; 324:110069. [PMID: 37984155 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Although ivermectin (IVM) has a wide spectrum and long half-life, its frequent use as an anthelmintic for the last 42 years led to its worldwide tolerance by Haemonchus contortus. We evaluated the combination of limonene (LIM), a P-glycoprotein (Pgp) modulator, with IVM in lambs infected with a multidrug-resistant H. contortus. Twenty-four male Dorper lambs were artificially infected with two doses (seven days apart) of 8000 infective larvae of a multidrug-resistant isolate of H. contortus. The infection was patent 25 days later. Fifteen days before treatment with IVM (DAY -15), animals were divided into 4 groups: Infected-untreated control (CTL), IVM, LIM, and LIM+IVM. From DAY -15 to DAY + 14, groups LIM and LIM+IVM received 200 mg/kg of body weight/day of LIM via oral. On DAY 0, a single dose of IVM at 200 µg/kg of body weight was administered orally to groups IVM and LIM+IVM. On DAY + 7 and DAY + 14, fecal egg counts (FEC) were performed and on DAY + 14 animals were euthanized for total worm count (TWC), worm length, fecundity of females, and Pgp-9 gene expression. On DAY + 7, group LIM+IVM had 96.29% efficacy based on Fecal Egg Count Reduction TEST (FECRT) and a highly significant reduction in FEC (P = 0.0005) when compared to CTL. On DAY + 14, the efficacy of LIM+IVM was 82.87% on FECRT, although no differences were found among groups for FEC, TWC, worm length, or Pgp-9 gene expression. Female worms from the CTL group had higher egg counts in their uterus when compared to LIM. No differences were found for hematological or biochemical parameters, body weight, or weight gain among groups. Thus, LIM given daily at 200 mg/kg was safe for animals and, when combined with IVM, decreased egg shedding and could reduce pasture contamination, although it was unable to kill multidrug-resistant H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, IZ, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil.
| | - R Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, IZ, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - J F S Ferreira
- United States Department of Agriculture, USDA, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - P A Pacheco
- Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - H Z Barbosa
- Instituto de Zootecnia, IZ, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - L Rodrigues
- Instituto de Zootecnia, IZ, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | | | - P A C Braga
- Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A F T Amarante
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - H Louvandini
- Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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David G, da Silva Arce CD, de Araujo Neto FR, de Albuquerque LG, Giglioti R, Okino CH, de Almeida Regitano LC, de Sena Oliveira MC, de Oliveira HN. Estimation of genetic parameters for the tick and hemoparasite burden in Angus cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:302. [PMID: 37726409 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted with the objective of estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters for tick (CRM) and Babesia bigemina (IBBi), Babesia bovis (IBBo), and Anaplasma marginale (IAM) burden in Angus female breed in Brazil. The sample group was composed of Angus females raised in herds located in a region of endemic instability for cattle tick fever in the state of Rio Grande Sul (RS), Brazil. The variance components were estimated using Bayesian inference and Gibbs sampling algorithm, considering a multi-trait animal model. Heritability estimates showed values of low magnitude, ranging from 0.03 (IBBo) to 0.16 (CRM), while repeatability estimates ranged between 0.07 (IBBo) and 0.21 (CRM). Regarding the genetic correlation estimates, the values showed low (-0.01 for IBBo × IAM) to moderate (0.55 between IBBi × IAM) magnitudes. The results indicate that it is possible to use tick count and hemoparasite infection levels as selection criteria, with small genetic gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela David
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil
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Castelani L, Pfrimer K, Giglioti R, van Cleef EHCB, Salles MSV, Júnior LCR. Effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil supplementation on the microbiological quality of raw milk of lactating dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:118-121. [PMID: 37356406 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of lactating cows with thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) on the centesimal composition and microbiological quality of raw milk. Twenty-four lactating cows (400 ± 42.9 kg initial body weight, 50 ± 10 days in milk, and 22.05 ± 4.34 kg/d milk production, second lactation) from an experimental farm in the region of Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil were used, divided randomly assigned to two groups: Control- 8 mL/d soybean oil (as placebo), and Treatment- 8 mL/d TEO, per cow/day. Both oils were offered encapsulated and administered daily via esophageal tube, for 21 days. On d 21, milk was collected from each animal, fractionated into 50 mL bottles. The microbiological quality of the raw was analyzed for standard plate count (SPC), milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, and solids non fat (SNF)), and thymol concentration. The treated group had significantly lower mean values for SPC after 168 h under refrigeration, and no differences were observed in the milk composition. The supplementation of lactating dairy cows with 8 mL/d TEO represents a promising alternative to controlling microbial spoilage in raw milk, allowing the reduction of economic losses in the milk chain, in addition to providing consumers with a safer product. However, further research should be conducted to better assess the effect of TEO supplementation on milk quality, such as sensory and toxicity studies, in addition to evaluating the effect of milk processing on oil activity and the effect on consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Frabetti AF, Katiki LM, Caetano L, Sarti MB, Falasca TM, Polli H, Verissimo CJ, Vercesi Filho AE, de Oliveira HN, de Sena Oliveira MC, Giglioti R. Natural levels of Rhipicephalus microplus infestation and Anaplasma marginale infection in Angus and Ultrablack calves. Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 89:131-140. [PMID: 36602624 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Infections by Anaplasma marginale and infestations by Rhipicephalus microplus occur endemically in Brazil, representing an obstacle to expanding the use of taurine breeds, which are more susceptible. In this study, the levels of infection by A. marginale and infestation by R. microplus were monitored in 31 calves that were either purebred or had a high degree of taurine blood: 17 Angus (100% taurine) and 14 Ultrablack (ca. 82% taurine and 18% Zebu). The animals were evaluated on 13 occasions at 12-day intervals. The levels of A. marginale infection were determined by quantification of DNA copy number (CN) by qPCR, and ticks were monitored by two methods: counting adult females (≥ 4.5 mm) and scoring the level of tick infestation considering all visible instars in the animals' bodies. No significant effects were observed between the means of CN of A. marginale, tick counts and scores among Angus and Ultrablack animals. The repeatability estimates for CN of A. marginale, tick counts and tick scores were 0.53, 0.12 and 0.16, respectively. The correlations between CN and tick counts and scores were close to zero, whereas the correlations between tick assessment methods were 0.57. The absence of differences between the two genetic groups indicates, under the conditions of the present study, that the low degree of Zebu blood did not influence the levels of infection by A. marginale or infestation by R. microplus. The results also suggest that the evaluation of the levels of infestation by ticks using scores can provide information closer to the real infestation rate considering that it uses all the visible instars of the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, 13380-011, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Caetano
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, 13380-011, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayne Barboza Sarti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, 13380-011, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hiago Polli
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, 13380-011, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecília José Verissimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, 13380-011, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, 13380-011, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Giglioti R, Silva Ferreira JFD, Luciani GF, Louvandini H, Okino CH, Niciura SCM, de Sena Oliveira MC, Talamini do Amarante AF, Katiki LM. Potential of Haemonchus contortus first-stage larvae to characterize anthelmintic resistance through P-glycoprotein gene expression. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Okino CH, Malagó Junior W, Marcondes CR, Giglioti R, Montassier HJ, Oliveira HND, Oliveira MCDS. CD4 bovine gene: Differential polymorphisms among cattle breeds and a new tool for rapid identification. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 251:110462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Giglioti R, Polli H, Tainá Azevedo B, Morita Katiki L, Eugênio Vercesi Filho A. Detection and quantification of adulteration in milk and dairy products: A novel and sensitive qPCR-based method. Food Chem (Oxf) 2022; 4:100074. [PMID: 35415677 PMCID: PMC8991746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel qPCR method was able to detect and quantify cow, buffalo, goat and sheep DNA in milk and dairy products. Established detection limit was 0.016 ng for the four species. The limit of detection of cow DNA in buffalo, goat and sheep DNA samples was 0.1% (0.01 ng) This method is able to detect and quantify adulteration between cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep dairy samples.
Species identification in dairy products has a notable importance in food traceability and adulteration control and consequently has a significant effect on the final economic value of foods. In the present study, we developed a method based on real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detection and quantification of cow DNA in DNA samples from milk and dairy products from buffaloes, goats, and sheep. The qPCR reactions showed high specificity, and the amplifications only occurred to species-specific primers. The calibration curves allowed for the quantification of the amount of DNA of each species-specific primer, and the established detection limit was 0.016 ng for the four species. The detection limit of cow DNA in buffalo, goat and sheep DNA samples was 0.1% (0.01 ng). Although the present study aimed to detect and quantify cow DNA in buffalo, goat, and sheep dairy products, we believe that the qPCR assays can also be directed to differentiate and quantify goat × sheep, and/or buffalo × goat/sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Hiago Polli
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
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Pacheco PA, Louvandini H, Giglioti R, Wedy BCR, Ribeiro JC, Verissimo CJ, Ferreira JFDS, Amarante AFT, Katiki LM. Phytochemicals modulation of P-Glycoprotein and its gene expression in an ivermectin resistant Haemonchus contortus isolate in vitro. Vet Parasitol 2022; 305:109713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Santos MAGD, Castelani L, Mitsunaga TM, Soares WVB, Giglioti R, Roma Júnior LC. Evaluation of forestripping milk and its effects on milk quality. AVB 2022. [DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers demand for food safety affects dairy industry, restraining the sector to adapt to milk quality parameters established by legislation, such as somatic cell count (SCC) and standard plate count (SPC). Good agricultural practices have positive impact over these parameters, especially Forestripping Milk (FSM), which consists of observing the first milk streams collected in a dark-bottomed mug for identification of clinical mastitis. These first milk streams have high somatic cells count and bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of milk from FSM, such as SCC and SPC values, and its impacts on milk quality of the cooling tank through simulating contamination. Fourteen dairy farms and one experimental farm were evaluated for SCC and SPC parameters of FSM. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference for SCC and SPC between milk samples from the cooling tank and cooling tank simulating the inclusion of milk from FSM. Statistically significant difference for somatic cell score (SCS) and SPC was observed when tanks were classified by SCC. In addition, difference in SCS was observed between morning and afternoon milking. The collection of first milk streams can contribute to decrease in SCC and SPC of milk in the cooling tank. FSM must be practiced by all dairy farmers as milking management, to assist in clinical mastitis diagnosis and improve milk quality.
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Andrade MFD, Giglioti R, Gutmanis G, Azevedo BT, Fiorin CFDC, Vercesi Filho AE, Katiki LM, Veríssimo CJ. Selective control of Rhipicephalus microplus in a dairy cattle herd from different genetic groups. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e012622. [PMID: 36541958 PMCID: PMC9901880 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alternatives for Rhipicephalus microplus control are needed in the light of its resistance to acaricides. One of the ways to decrease the use of acaricides in a herd is selective control (SC). In the present study, SC was evaluated in a dairy herd consisting of different genetic groups: Holstein, Jersey, crossbreed and Girolando. Ticks were counted in the right anterior third region on around 90 cows, totaling nine evaluations at intervals of 21 days. Commercial pour-on acaricide was applied only when the infestation was greater than or equal to eight ticks larger than 4 mm in the anterior third region. Tick counts were transformed into log10 and analyzed using mixed models. There was significant difference among groups: Holstein had the highest averages of tick numbers, as expected, although 34.3% did not receive tick treatment. In the other groups, SC reduced the use of acaricides by 79.1% for crossbreed, 81.5% for Jersey and 94.9% for Girolando. The criterion used for applying the acaricide successfully kept the tick population under control. The great advantage of SC was savings to the system, without harming the animals, in addition to generate fewer residues in the animals and in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fogale de Andrade
- Instituto de Zootecnia - IZ, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios - APTA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia - IZ, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios - APTA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brasil
| | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia - IZ, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios - APTA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brasil
| | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia - IZ, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios - APTA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia - IZ, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios - APTA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brasil
| | - Cecília José Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia - IZ, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios - APTA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brasil
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Giglioti R, Hiromi Okino C, Tainá Azevedo B, Gutmanis G, Morita Katiki L, Cristina de Sena Oliveira M, Eugênio Vercesi Filho A. Novel LNA probe-based assay for the A1 and A2 identification of β-casein gene in milk samples. Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences 2021; 3:100055. [PMID: 35415647 PMCID: PMC8991969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel LNA probe-based qPCR allowed the detection of A1 and A2 alleles from β -casein gene in bovine samples. 100% of agreement between results obtained by rHamp and LNA qPCR assays. The limit of detection of A1 in A2 samples was 1% or 7.5 DNA copies. This method is a highly sensitive and specific tool for detecting A1 and A2 alleles directly in milk.
The rising consumption of A2 milk and its derivatives in recent years has garnered attention from both consumers and producers, mainly due its possible health benefits, such as enhanced digestion and easier absorption. Thus, a novel real-time PCR using a combination of locked nucleic acid modified (LNA) conjugated probes was developed to genotype A1 and A2 alleles of β-casein gene (CSN2) and to detect and quantify the A1 presence in A2 samples. The limit of detection for each probe (A1 and A2) was evaluated using decreasing serial dilutions. Besides, the sensitivity of A1 allele detection in the A2 samples was also tested. The limits of detection of A1 and A2 alleles were 6 copies, while for A1 allele detection in A2 samples was 7.5 copies (1%). The LNA-probe based method was found to be rapid, robust, highly sensitive, cost effective, and can be employed as screening test to certificate the A2 dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
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15
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Giglioti R, Okino CH, Azevedo BT, Wedy BCR, Gutmanis G, Veríssimo CJ, Katiki LM, Filho AEV, de Oliveira HN, Oliveira MCDS. Semi-quantitative evaluation of Babesia bovis and B. bigemina infection levels estimated by HRM analysis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101753. [PMID: 34134061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is economically the most important arthropod-borne disease of cattle worldwide. The most significant damage caused by bovine babesiosis is attributed to Babesia bovis due to its higher pathogenicity. This study aimed to develop a real-time PCR method followed by HRM (high-resolution melting) analysis for the simultaneous detection of B. bovis and B. bigemina, enabling a semi-quantitative analysis of Babesia levels using a single-tube reaction. The HRM was compared with real-time PCR using species-specific hydrolysis probes. The HRM analysis allowed to differentiate both Babesia species and was sensitive in the detection and differentiation of 10% for each Babesia species in the sample. Our results suggest the use of this method to estimate the prevalence of infections by B. bovis or B. bigemina as an alternative to the methods of absolute quantification by real-time PCR since it neither requires precise estimates of the number of DNA loads nor the construction of calibration curves. The simultaneous detection of the two Babesia species can be used to characterise the infection levels in cattle populations from different geographical regions, allowing a better control of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil.
| | | | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | | | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Cecília José Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo 13380-011, Brazil
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Azevedo BT, Vercesi Filho AE, Gutmanis G, Verissimo CJ, Katiki LM, Okino CH, Cristina de Sena Oliveira M, Giglioti R. New sensitive methods for fraud detection in buffalo dairy products. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Bossu CM, Giglioti R, Oliveira MCDS, De Oliveira PV, Nogueira ARDA. Zinc fractionation in cow, goat, sheep and soybean milk samples using gel-electrophoresis and determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Eclet Quim J 2021. [DOI: 10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v46.1.2021.p12-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A screening method for zinc levels in different milk samples (raw cow, raw sheep, UHT cow, UHT goat and soybean milk base) was performed to establish the Zn levels’ differences in protein samples. The samples were digested in a cavity microwave oven and the total Zn levels in the extracts were determined by flame absorption atomic spectrometry (FAAS). The protein separation was performed by urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (UREA-PAGE). Protein bands were digested in the cavity microwave oven and Zn-protein analysis was further conducted by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The results showed that Zn is mainly bound to 32 kDa (β-casein) protein (17.0 ± 2.0%) in UHT cow and 24 kDa (α-casein) protein (9.0 ± 0.6%) in raw sheep milk. This method provided quantitative information regarding Zn species present in the protein fractions of the milk samples. The accuracy was evaluated using certified reference material (whole milk powder, NIST 8435) with statistically equivalent concentrations (Student’s t-test) for total Zn and by addition and recovery experiments applied to measure Zn-protein. The recovered values were in the 92-110% range.
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Okino CH, Bassetto CC, Giglioti R, Silva PC, Tonelli MF, Marcondes CR, de Oliveira HN, de Sena Oliveira MC. A polymorphic CD4 epitope related to increased susceptibility to Babesia bovis in Canchim calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 230:110132. [PMID: 33129193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different allelic forms of bovine CD4 were previously described in cattle and were also observed in Canchim calves examined in the present experiment. However, the functional relevance of these different CD4 phenotypes has not yet been investigated. CD4 + T helper cells are known to play a central role in immune control against Babesia bovis infection. Thus, our study aimed to compare the profiles of immune cells, specific antibody titers and blood infection levels measured by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) in calves naturally infected with B. bovis, phenotyped as CD4- (absence of anti-CD4 staining), CD4 + (intermediate staining) or CD4 ++ (high staining). The CD4 mRNA precursor was also measured in these animals. Calves with the CD4- phenotype showed higher amounts of B. bovis DNA in blood samples, compared to the other CD4 phenotypes. It was also observed that these calves with higher levels of infection had lower amounts of natural killer cells and higher expression of the CD4 gene, which can be interpreted as a compensation for the failure of the altered CD4 receptor to recognize relevant B. bovis epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, Fazenda Canchim, zip code: 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - César Cristiano Bassetto
- Departamento de Zootecnia - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, zip code: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Centro de Pesquisa de Genética e Reprodução Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ), Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, zip code 13380-011, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamella Cristini Silva
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, Fazenda Canchim, zip code: 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Tonelli
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, Fazenda Canchim, zip code: 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Righetti Marcondes
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, Fazenda Canchim, zip code: 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, zip code: 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Rodrigues L, Giglioti R, Gomes ACP, Katiki LM, Otsuk IP, da Silva Matos R, Nodari EF, Veríssimo CJ. In Vitro Effect of Volatile Substances from Eucalyptus Oils on Rhipicephalus microplus. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Colnago LA, Trevisol IM, Voss Rech D, Forato LA, Igreja do Nascimento Mitre C, Gagliardi Leite JP, Giglioti R, Okino CH. Simple, Low-Cost and Long-Lasting Film for Virus Inactivation Using Avian Coronavirus Model as Challenge. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6456. [PMID: 32899803 PMCID: PMC7558860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 infection, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is inequitably distributed and more lethal among populations with lower socioeconomic status. Direct contact with contaminated surfaces has been among the virus sources, as it remains infective up to days. Several disinfectants have been shown to inactivate SARS-CoV-2, but they rapidly evaporate, are flammable or toxic and may be scarce or inexistent for vulnerable populations. Therefore, we are proposing simple, easy to prepare, low-cost and efficient antiviral films, made with a widely available dishwashing detergent, which can be spread on hands and inanimate surfaces and is expected to maintain virucidal activity for longer periods than the current sanitizers. Avian coronavirus (ACoV) was used as model of the challenge to test the antivirus efficacy of the proposed films. Polystyrene petri dishes were covered with a thin layer of detergent formula. After drying, the films were exposed to different virus doses for 10 min and virus infectivity was determined using embryonated chicken eggs, and RNA virus quantification in allantoic fluids by RT-qPCR. The films inactivated the ACoV (ranging from 103.7 to 106.7 EID50), which is chemically and morphologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, and may constitute an excellent alternative to minimize the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iara Maria Trevisol
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153 Km 110, Concórdia 89715-899, Brazil; (I.M.T.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Daiane Voss Rech
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153 Km 110, Concórdia 89715-899, Brazil; (I.M.T.); (D.V.R.)
| | | | | | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia-IZ, Centro de Pesquisa de Genética e Reprodução Animal, Rua Heitor Penteado n.56, Nova Odessa 13380-011, Brazil;
| | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 234 s/n, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
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21
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Cavani L, Braz CU, Giglioti R, Okino CH, Gulias-Gomes CC, Caetano AR, Oliveira MCDS, Cardoso FF, de Oliveira HN. Genomic Study of Babesia bovis Infection Level and Its Association With Tick Count in Hereford and Braford Cattle. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1905. [PMID: 33013839 PMCID: PMC7493685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa and leads to substantial economic losses for the livestock industry throughout the world. Babesia bovis is considered the most pathogenic species, which causes bovine babesiosis in Brazil. Genomic data could be used to evaluate the viability of improving resistance against B. bovis infection level (IB) through genomic selection, and, for that, knowledge of genetic parameters is needed. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could be conducted to provide a better understanding of the genetic basis of the host response to B. bovis infection. No previous work in quantitative genetics of B. bovis infection was found. Thus, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic correlation between IB and tick count (TC), evaluate predictive ability and applicability of genomic selection, and perform GWAS in Hereford and Braford cattle. The single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method was used, which allows the estimation of both breeding values and marker effects. Standard phenotyping was conducted for both traits. IB quantifications from the blood of 1,858 animals were carried using quantitative PCR assays. For TC, one to three subsequent tick counts were performed by manually counting adult female ticks on one side of each animal's body that was naturally exposed to ticks. Animals were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 panel. The posterior mean of IB heritability, estimated by the Bayesian animal model in a bivariate analysis, was low (0.10), and the estimations of genetic correlation between IB and TC were also low (0.15). The cross-validation genomic prediction accuracy for IB ranged from 0.18 to 0.35 and from 0.29 to 0.32 using k-means and random clustering, respectively, suggesting that genomic predictions could be used as a tool to improve genetics for IB, especially if a larger training population is developed. The top 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms from the GWAS explained 5.04% of total genetic variance for IB, which were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 17, 18, 16, 24, and 26. Some candidate genes participate in immunity system pathways indicating that those genes are involved in resistance to B. bovis in cattle. Although the genetic correlation between IB and TC was weak, some candidate genes for IB were also reported in tick infestation studies, and they were also involved in biological resistance processes. This study contributes to improving genetic knowledge regarding infection by B. bovis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Cavani
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila Urbano Braz
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil
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Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Gutmanis G, Luciani GF, Azevedo BT, de Carvalho Fiorin CF, de Andrade MF, Silva MAF, Vercesi Filho AE, Katiki LM, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC, Veríssimo CJ. Correlations and repeatability between Babesia spp. infection levels using two dairy cattle breeding systems. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 81:599-607. [PMID: 32676999 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina are tick-transmitted piroplasms that cause severe damage to the livestock industry in tropical regions of the world. Recent studies demonstrated differences in infection levels of these haemoparasites among bovine breeds and variation between individual cows regarding resistance to these diseases. This study aimed to estimate the repeatability and correlations between B. bovis and B. bigemina using two cattle breeding systems, an individual system (IS) and a collective paddock system (CPS). All animals were Holstein breed, and the levels of B. bovis and B. bigemina in blood samples were estimated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The estimated correlations for the B. bigemina and B. bovis DNA copy number for IS and CPS were moderate and high, respectively, whereas repeatability estimates for both systems and both Babesia species were moderate. Although we cannot infer that the type of rearing system directly influenced the correlation and repeatability coefficients, it appears that the bovine parasitemia burden may be dependent on (or determine) the parasitemia burden on ticks because the bovines remained in the same place for a longer time in both systems. Thus, the babesiosis infection levels of the ticks may have been uniform, a phenomenon that also ensures greater uniformity in cattle infection. This factor may have favored the occurrence of infected ticks leading to higher repeatability estimates and correlations. Our study confirms high variability in resistance/susceptibility between breeds, and the high correlations found may be linked to this characteristic and the most intensive breeding type of dairy cattle. Besides, under the present study conditions, the estimated correlations suggest that measuring an infection level of one Babesia species can predict the level of infection of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil.
| | | | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecília José Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
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Carapelli R, de Oliveira AF, Giglioti R, Tullio RR, Nassu RT, Oliveira MCS, Nogueira ARA. Calcium, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mg Fractionation in In Natura and Aged Beef Samples by Bioanalytical Methods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Simas PVM, Bassetto CC, Giglioti R, Okino CH, de Oliveira HN, de Sena Oliveira MC. Use of molecular markers can help to understand the genetic diversity of Babesia bovis. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 79:104161. [PMID: 31881358 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cattle babesiosis is a tick-borne disease responsible for significant losses for the livestock industries in tropical areas of the world. These piroplasms are under constant control of the host immune system, which lead to a strong selective pressure for arising more virulent or attenuated phenotypes. Aiming to better understand the most critical genetic modifications in Babesia bovis genome, related to virulence, an in silico analysis was performed using DNA sequences from GenBank. Fourteen genes (sbp-2, sbp-4, trap, msa-1, msa-2b, msa-2c, Bv80 (or Bb-1), 18S rRNA, acs-1, ama-1, β-tub, cp-2, p0, rap-1a) related to parasite infection and immunogenicity and ITS region were selected for alignment and comparison of several isolates of Babesia bovis from different geographic regions around the world. Among the 15 genes selected for the study of diversity, only 7 genes (sbp-2, sbp-4, trap, msa-1, msa-2b, msa-2c, Bv80) and the ITS region presented sufficient genetic variation for the studies of phylogeny. Despite this genetic diversity observed into groups, there was not sufficient information available to associate molecular markers with virulence of isolates. However, some genetic groups no were correlated with geographic region what could indicate some typical evolutionary characteristics in the relation between parasite-host. Further studies using these genes in herds presenting diverse clinical conditions are required. The better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms of the parasite may contribute to improve prophylactic and therapeutic measures. In this way, we suggest that genes used in our study are potential markers of virulence and attenuation and have to be analyzed with the use of sequences from animals that present clinical signs of babesiosis and asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Vitor Marques Simas
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - César Cristiano Bassetto
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Centro de Pesquisa de Genética e Reprodução Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Veríssimo CJ, Giglioti R, D'Agostino SM, de Toledo LM, Katiki LM, Duarte KMR, de Miranda Santos IKF. Cattle herd shearing can help to control Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 79:99-106. [PMID: 31489557 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the difficulties of controlling the tick Rhipicephalus microplus due to acaricide resistance, this study aimed to ascertain whether shearing could reduce infestation in cattle. 17 taurine cattle were sheared on the anterior third of one randomly selected side. Shearing was undertaken using a machine with a blade, leaving coats with a thickness of 1 mm. Subsequently, eight evaluations were performed once a week, counting adult females of R. microplus with a diameter > 4.5 mm on the anterior third of both sides (shorn and unshorn). The coat length was also monitored by taking five hair samples from each animal fortnightly (1, 15, 29, 43 and 57 days post shorn) from a central area of both shoulders (shorn and unshorn). The tick counts and hair length data were transformed for normalisation and were analysed using mixed models. The tick and hair length means were significantly higher for the unshorn side. Tick counts were significantly lower on the sheared side until the fifth evaluation, with the final three presenting no differences between the sides. The hair length was significantly lower for the sheared side during the five evaluations. We conclude that as the hair length increased, there was also an increase in the number of ticks on the sheared side. Although this method is not practical for large herds, it can be deemed an option in extreme conditions of tick infestation. In addition, the study reinforces the suggestion that the selection and/or use of cattle with shorter hairs may contribute to reduced tick infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília José Veríssimo
- Institute of Animal Science (APTA-SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380-011, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Institute of Animal Science (APTA-SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Selma Marques D'Agostino
- Institute of Animal Science (APTA-SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Luciandra Macedo de Toledo
- Institute of Animal Science (APTA-SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Institute of Animal Science (APTA-SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380-011, Brazil
| | - Keila Maria Roncato Duarte
- Institute of Animal Science (APTA-SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380-011, Brazil
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Okino CH, Giglioti R, Bassetto CC, Silva PC, de Oliveira HN, de Sena Oliveira MC. Elimination of erroneous results related to bovine mononuclear cell immunophenotyping by antibodies binding to Fc receptors. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 213:109889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Giglioti R, Bassetto CC, Okino CH, de Oliveira HN, de Sena Oliveira MC. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Anaplasma marginale. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 77:65-72. [PMID: 30478537 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Parasitemia generated by Anaplasma marginale causes significant losses in the cattle industry. A major constraint to the effective control and management of anaplasmosis in livestock is the lack of a rapid and reliable diagnostic test to identify the parasite and allow for immediate therapy. In the present study, we developed a novel DNA-based assay for the detection of A. marginale in bovine blood samples, using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). DNA from six cattle and hemoparasite samples (Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma centrale and A. marginale) were tested for specificity, sensitivity and cross-reactions. The developed LAMP procedures were also confirmed and compared with the qPCR method. The same gene sequence (major surface protein 1b, msp1b) of A. marginale was used to design a set of primers for the LAMP and qPCR assays. The results showed that LAMP is specific, as no positive signal was observed for the other tested hemoparasites. However, the sensitivity of the qPCR assay was ten times higher than LAMP. Our findings indicate that this LAMP method has a good sensitivity and high specificity for the detection of A. marginale and may have a potential application in the detection and differentiation of bovine anaplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, CP 339, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560‑970, Brazil.
- Centro de Pesquisa de Genética e Reprodução Animal, Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380-011, Brazil.
| | - César Cristiano Bassetto
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, CP 339, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560‑970, Brazil
| | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, CP 339, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560‑970, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Maiorano AM, Giglioti R, Oliveira MCS, Oliveira HN, Cyrillo JNSG, Mercadante MEZ, Silva JAIIV. Resistance to the tick Rhipicephalus microplus and Babesia bovis infection levels in beef heifers raised in an endemic area of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. Anim Prod Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Repeatability coefficients (r) for tick resistance and Babesia bovis infection levels and the correlation (ρ) between these traits were estimated in beef heifers, using artificial infestations and short intervals between measurements. Forty heifers, including 20 Bos taurus taurus (Caracu) and 20 Bos taurus indicus (Nelore) animals, were submitted to three artificial infestations with Rhipicephalus microplus larvae at intervals of 14 days. The number of standard female was counted from the 19th through the 23rd day after each infestation, considering only the left side of each animal. Blood samples were collected on Days 0, 6, 20, 34 and 48 after the first infestation. The number of copies of B. bovis DNA (CN) was estimated from blood samples through the quantitative PCR technique to evaluate the level of infection in the animals. Total tick count (TTC), the percentage of return (PRij) and CN were analysed using the MIXED procedure of the SAS program. The r of the variables were estimated by intraclass correlation between measures of the same animal, with the variance component of the animal being divided by the phenotypic variance (residual + animal), using models with a CS structure matrix. Additionally, ρ among variables were estimated using the CORR procedure. The following results were obtained for Caracu and Nelore animals, respectively: 1.83 ± 0.37 and 0.63 ± 0.40 for TTC, 1.10 ± 0.23 and 0.47 ± 0.23 for PRij, and 2.29 ± 0.64 and 2.32 ± 0.58 for CN. The r was moderate for TTC (0.62) and PRij (0.53) and low for CN (0.10). The ρ between TTC and CN obtained in the same measurement day was not significant in either breed (P > 0.05; –0.07 for Caracu and 0.19 for Nelore). Results showed both breeds were able to develop resistance against B. bovis; however, Nelore exhibited higher tick resistance. The r obtained for CN and the weak association with tick resistance indicate that it is not possible to recommend the use of CN as a trait to predict tick resistance in these two breeds.
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Cavani L, Giglioti R, Hiromi Okino C, Cristina Gulias-Gomes C, Soares Campos G, Rodrigues Caetano A, Cristina de Sena Oliveira M, Flores Cardoso F, Jordão de Magalhães Rosa G, Nunes de Oliveira H. PSXIV-28 Genetic correlation between level of Babesia bovis, tick count and weight gain in Braford and Hereford cattle. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Cavani
- Supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) #2017/08940-3,São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences,Jaboticabal, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Giglioti
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock,São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - G Soares Campos
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - H Nunes de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science (FCAV),Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Figueiredo A, Agnolon IC, Lopes LG, Giglioti R, de Souza Chagas AC. Comparative study of hatching estimation methods of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus eggs. Vet Parasitol 2018; 264:35-38. [PMID: 30503088 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive parameters of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus are often evaluated. They are good indicators of resistance to commercial acaricides and of plant extracts' efficacy. The objective of this study was to compare the techniques: visual estimation and quantification by sampling used in the Adult Immersion Test (AIT) to calculate the hatching rate of eggs. Engorged females collected from cattle were subjected to the AIT with plant extracts and kept in an incubator for oviposition. The egg hatching was evaluated in 210 syringes by visual estimation (%). Then, eggs and larvae were counted into samples of 100 individuals, in three repetitions by stereo microscope. Significant differences were found between the two tests (p≤ 0.05). The egg hatching average of visual estimation was higher than the quantification by sampling, 56.8-48.0, respectively (correlation = 0.85). We found that the visual assessment leads to a higher estimate of larvae in relation to eggs, because the infertile eggs can be concealed in the center of the syringe. In quantification by sampling, no statistical differences (p = 0.99) were observed in the pairwise counts between the three samples (48.1 ± 26.6%, 47.8 ± 26.9%, 48.1 ± 26.5%) (correlation of repetitions = 0.96). This suggests that counting one sample is sufficient and the result should not differ much, regardless of the evaluator. Regarding the cutoff point of tick resistance status (95%), both methods are reliable. This study contributes to improvement of the AIT and can stimulate researchers to choose more accurate techniques for the assessment of egg hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Okino CH, Giglioti R, Silva PC, de Oliveira HN, de Sena Oliveira MC. Comparative evaluation of DNA extraction kit, matrix sample and qPCR assays for bovine babesiosis monitoring. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2671-2680. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gonçalves T, Alencar M, Giglioti R, Bilhassi T, Oliveira H, Rabelo M, Esteves S, Oliveira M. Resistance of sheep from different genetic groups to gastrointestinal nematodes in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC. qPCR estimates of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection levels in beef cattle and Rhipicephalus microplus larvae. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 75:235-240. [PMID: 29728802 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Babesia spp. are tick-transmitted intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasites that infect wild and domestic animals. Babesia bovis and B. bigemina are endemic and responsible for enormous economic losses to the livestock industry in most of the Brazilian territory, wherein the tick Rhipicephalus microplus is the unique vector. Better understanding of epidemiology and parasite-host interactions may improve the tools for disease control and genetic management for selection of resistant animals. This study aimed to detect, quantify and measure the correlation between B. bigemina and B. bovis infection levels in bovine blood and into tick, by absolute quantification of hemoparasite DNA using qPCR. Blood bovine samples and larvae pools from 10 engorged R. microplus females were collected from each Canchim heifers (5/8 Charolais + 3/8 zebu, n = 36). All evaluated samples were positive for both Babesia species tested. Correlations of B. bovis and B. bigemina levels between cattle and tick host were 0.58 and 0.66, respectively. These high positive correlation coefficients indicate that parasitemia load in the bovine may be dependent on or may determine the parasitemia load in the ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Unesp Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Cintia Hiromi Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, CP 339, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
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Charlie-Silva I, Giglioti R, Magalhães PM, Sousa IMO, Foglio MA, Oliveira MCS, Chagas ACS. Lack of impact of dietary inclusion of dried Artemisia annua leaves for cattle on infestation by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1115-1119. [PMID: 29693549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether a natural dietary additive, dried Artemisia annua leaves, may be useful to control Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus on naturally infested cattle. Twenty heifers of the Canchim breed, weighing around 250 kg, were divided into two equally sized experimental groups: 1) control animals and 2) animals receiving 200 g/day of dried A. annua leaves for two months. Before treatment began, the animals were homogeneously distributed in control and treatment groups based on their pre-treatment weight and tick infestation level. Counts of engorged female ticks then occurred weekly during the two-month experimental period. We also monitored cattle weight gain and packed cell volume (PCV). Artemisinin (0.96%) was quantified in the plant material by high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector (HPLC-IR). No statistical differences between the control and treatment groups were observed for engorged female counts (log averages of 1.3 ticks and 1.4 ticks per animal, respectively), daily cattle weight gain (0.910 kg and 0.888 kg, respectively) or PCV (33.5% and 33.0%, respectively). We conclude that the oral supplementation of cattle feed with dried A. annuna leaves did not control natural infestation of R. (B.) microplus. The hypothesis of artemisinin's action on cattle ticks by ingestion through the animals' blood was not confirmed at the evaluated dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ives Charlie-Silva
- Universidade Brasil, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Universidade Brasil, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Magalhães
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Paulinia, SP, 13140-000, Brazil
| | - Ilza M O Sousa
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Paulinia, SP, 13140-000, Brazil
| | - Mary Ann Foglio
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-871, Brazil
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Figueiredo A, Nascimento LM, Lopes LG, Giglioti R, Albuquerque RDDG, Santos MG, Falcão DQ, Nogueira JAP, Rocha L, Chagas ACS. First report of the effect of Ocotea elegans essential oil on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Vet Parasitol 2018; 252:131-136. [PMID: 29559134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is responsible for reducing animal welfare, causing a drop in productive performance and transmitting hemoparasites. The main strategy of tick control is application of synthetic acaricides. However, parasite resistance to these compounds is a major concern. Therefore, the acaricidal and repellent in vitro effect of the Ocotea elegans essential oil on larvae and adult females of R. (B.) microplus were evaluated. The larval packet test (LPT), larval repellency test (RT) and adult immersion test (AIT) were performed. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and the structure of the oil's major constituent (92.2% sesquirosefuran) was elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance. In the AIT, efficacy higher than 90% was detected from the concentration 25 mg/mL upward. In both LPTs performed after 48 h, only the 100 mg/mL concentration resulted in mortalities above 70%. On the other hand, the essential oil caused an average of 95.8% repellency from 0.78 to 100 mg/mL. The LC50 in the two LPT (48 h) tests were 59.68 and 25.59 mg/mL, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 in the AIT were 4.96 and 17.37 mg/mL, and in the RT they were 0.04 and 1.24 mg/mL respectively. We conclude that the essential oil of O. elegans leaves has a significant acaricidal effect on engorged females and on larval repellency of R. (B.) microplus ticks, and can be a promising alternative for the control of this ectoparasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Figueiredo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leonor M Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louyse G Lopes
- Centro Universitário Central Paulista (UNICEP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo G Santos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deborah Q Falcão
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeane A P Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Bilhassi TB, Portilho AI, Okino CH, Marcondes CR, de Sena Oliveira MC. Estimates of repeatability and correlations of hemoparasites infection levels for cattle reared in endemic areas for Rhipicephalus microplus. Vet Parasitol 2018; 250:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Cavani L, Cardoso FF, Gomes CG, Caetano AR, Giglioti R, Oliveira MCDS, Oliveira HN. 205 Estimates of genetic parameter for tick count and infection level of Babesia Bovis traits in Braford and Hereford cattle. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Giglioti R, Oliveira HN, Ibelli AMG, Bilhassi TB, Néo TA, Santana CH, Rabelo MD, Machado RZ, de Souza Chagas AC, de Sena Oliveira MC. Neither quantification by qPCR nor quantitative Elisa can be used to discriminate Angus cattle for resistance/susceptibility to Babesia bovis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:335-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cavani L, Santana CH, Giglioti R, Bilhassi TB, Oliveira MCDS, Carvalheiro R, Oliveira HN. 0334 Genome-wide association study for tick count and infection level of Babesia bovis traits in Angus cattle. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Santana RC, Zafalon LF, Brandão HDM, A.F. Junior G, Pilon LE, B. Junior W, Giglioti R, Mosqueira VCF. Uso de antimicrobiano nanoparticulado para o tratamento da mastite subclínica de ovelhas de corte no período seco. Pesq Vet Bras 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Resumo: A inflamação da glândula mamária é uma das principais causas de prejuízo na ovinocultura. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as taxas de cura do tratamento da mastite subclínica após infusão intramamária de princípio ativo antimicrobiano no momento da secagem, em formulações convencional e nanoparticulada. Os rebanhos estavam localizados em São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil. Analisou-se um total de 584 glândulas mamárias de 307 ovelhas de aptidão para produção de carne. Triagem prévia dos casos subclínicos de mastite foi efetuada por meio do California Mastitis Test (CMT) e/ou da contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Análises microbiológicas foram realizadas para confirmação da etiologia infecciosa. As glândulas mamárias com mastite subclínica foram distribuídas em três grupos: G1 (Controle; glândulas mamárias que não receberam tratamento antimicrobiano); G2 (glândulas mamárias em que foi administrado 100 mg de cloxacilina benzatina em estrutura convencional) e G3 (glândulas mamárias em que foi administrado 50 mg de cloxacilina benzatina em estrutura nanoencapsulada). O tratamento aplicado ao G3 mostrou-se mais eficiente (P=0,047) na cura de glândulas mamárias com mastite subclínica. O uso da cloxacilina nanoencapsulada no momento da secagem de ovelhas de corte auxilia no controle da mastite subclínica infecciosa e reduz os prejuízos consequentes.
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Giglioti R, Guimarães S, Oliveira-Sequeira TC, David EB, Brito LG, Huacca ME, Chagas AC, Oliveira MC. Proteolytic activity of excretory/secretory products of Cochliomyia hominivorax larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Pesq Vet Bras 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000800006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The protein profiles and proteolytic activity of the excretory secretory products (E/SP) of the first (L1), second (L2) and third (L3) larval stages of Cochliomyia hominivorax were studied in the laboratory. Analysis on the E/SP protein profile was carried out using polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). The E/SP of each larval stage (L1, L2 and L3) treated with protease inhibitors, containing 30μg, 40μg and 50μg of protein, was applied to the 10% polyacrylamide gel. The proteolytic activity of the crude E/SP was analyzed in gels copolymerized with gelatin and by colorimetric assays using azocasein as a substrate, with the characterization of the proteases using synthetic inhibitors. Different protein profiles were observed for the larval instars, with L1 presenting the most complex profile. Nevertheless, various protein bands were observed that were common to all the larval instars. The E/SP of all the instars showed proteolytic activity on gelatin, evidenced by proteolysis zones, predominantly with apparently higher molecular masses in L1, while for L2 and L3 the proteolysis zones could also be observed in regions with lower masses. Tests with protease inhibitors using gelatin as substrate showed that the E/SP of larvae were mainly composed of serine proteases. Additionally, inhibition was observed in L2 E/SP treated previously with EDTA, an inhibitor of metalloproteases. The assays with azocasein revealed a gradual increase of proteolytic activity on this substrate with larval development progress, with the strongest inhibitions being observed after treatments with 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) for E/SP of L1, L2 and L3. These results suggest that C. hominivorax larvae produce different proteases, a fact that can be related to the parasite's vital processes for survival, such as penetration into the host's tissues and nutrition during the larval stage.
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Giglioti R, Oliveira H, Santana C, Ibelli A, Néo T, Bilhassi T, Rabelo M, Machado R, Brito L, Oliveira M. Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection levels estimated by qPCR in Angus cattle from an endemic area of São Paulo state, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:657-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chagas ACDS, Oliveira MCDS, Giglioti R, Santana RCM, Bizzo HR, Gama PE, Chaves FCM. Efficacy of 11 Brazilian essential oils on lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:427-32. [PMID: 26867819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herbal extracts have been investigated as an alternative for parasite control, aiming to slow the development of resistance and to obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, in vitro, of 11 essential oils from Brazil on reproductive efficiency and lethality of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The effects of oils extracted from Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Lippia alba, Lippia gracilis, Lippia origanoides, Lippia sidoides, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Croton cajucara (white and red), and Croton sacaquinha on ticks were investigated by the Immersion Test with Engorged Females (ITEF) and the modified Larval Packet Test (LPT). Distilled water and 2% Tween 80 were used as control treatments. Chemical analysis of the oils was done with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Analysis of the in vitro tests using Probit (SAS program) allowed the calculation of lethal concentrations (LCs). Lower reproductive efficiency indexes and higher efficacy percentages in the ITEF were obtained with the oils extracted from C. longa (24 and 71%, respectively) and M. arvensis oils (27 and 73%, respectively). Lower LC50 was reached with C. longa (10.24 mg/mL), L. alba (10.78 mg/mL), M. arvensis (22.31 mg/mL), L. sidoides (27.67 mg/mL), and C. sacaquinha (29.88 mg/mL) oils. In the LPT, species from Zingiberaceae and Verbenaceae families caused 100% lethality at 25 mg/mL, except for L. sidoides. The most effective oils were from C. longa, L. gracilis, L. origanoides, L. alba, and Z. officinale. The LC50 and LC90 were, respectively: 0.54 and 1.80 mg/mL, 3.21 and 7.03 mg/mL, 3.10 and 8.44 mg/mL, 5.85 and 11.14 mg/mL, and 7.75 and 13.62 mg/mL. The efficacy was directly related to the major components in each essential oil, and the oils derived from Croton genus presented the worst performance, suggesting the absence of synergistic effect among its compounds. Since C. longa, containing 62% turmerone, was the one most efficient against ticks, this compound may be potentially used for tick control, but further research is needed, especially to assess toxicity of these compounds to the host. These new studies, together with the results presented here, may provide a strong rationale for designing pre-clinical and clinical studies with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Giglioti
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste (CPPSE), Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234, CP 339, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501, CEP 23020-470 Guaratiba, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paola Ervatti Gama
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501, CEP 23020-470 Guaratiba, RJ, Brazil
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Néo TA, Giglioti R, Obregón D, Bilhassi TB, Oliveira HN, Machado RZ, Aníbal FDF, Brito LG, Malagó Jr. W, Bressani FA, Oliveira MCS. Detection of <i>Babesia bovis</i> and <i>Babesia bigemina</i> in Water Buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) in Endemic Areas of São Paulo State, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2016.65009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bressani FA, Tizioto PC, Giglioti R, Meirelles SLC, Coutinho R, Benvenuti CL, Malagó W, Mudadu MA, Vieira LS, Zaros LG, Carrilho E, Regitano LCA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:8530-6. [PMID: 25366747 DOI: 10.4238/2014.october.20.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are small cell-signaling proteins that play an important role in the immune system, participating in intracellular communication. Four candidate genes of the cytokine family (IL2, IL4, IL13, and IFNG) were selected to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that might be associated with resistance to gastrointestinal endoparasites in goats. A population of 229 goats, F2 offspring from an F1 intercross was produced by crossing pure Saanen goats, considered as susceptible to gastrointestinal endoparasites, with pure Anglo-Nubian goats, considered resistant. Blood was collected for DNA extraction and fecal samples were also collected for parasite egg count. Polymorphisms were prospected by sequencing animals with extreme phenotype for fecal egg count (FEC) distribution. The association between SNPs and phenotype was determined by using the Fisher exact test with correction for multiple tests. Three of the 10 SNPs were identified as significant (P ≤ 0.03). They were found in intron 1 of IL2 (ENSBTA00000020883), intron 3 of IL13 (ENSBTA00000015953) and exon 3 of IFNG (ENSBTA00000012529), suggesting an association between them and gastrointestinal endoparasite resistance. Further studies will help describe the effects of these markers accurately before implementing them in marker assisted selection. This study is the pioneer in describing such associations in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Bressani
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - P C Tizioto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R Giglioti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - S L C Meirelles
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - R Coutinho
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - C L Benvenuti
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - W Malagó
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - M A Mudadu
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - L S Vieira
- Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral, CE, Brasil
| | - L G Zaros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - E Carrilho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Bilhassi TB, Oliveira HN, Ibelli AM, Giglioti R, Regitano LC, Oliveira-Sequeira TC, Bressani FA, Malagó W, Resende FD, Oliveira MC. Quantitative study of Babesia bovis infection in beef cattle from São Paulo state, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2014; 5:234-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Domingues LF, Giglioti R, Feitosa KA, Fantatto RR, Rabelo MD, de Sena Oliveira MC, Bechara GH, de Oliveira GP, Barioni Junior W, de Souza Chagas AC. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the activity of pineapple (Ananas comosus) on Haemonchus contortus in Santa Inês sheep. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:263-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Domingues LF, Giglioti R, Feitosa KA, Fantatto RR, Rabelo MD, Oliveira MCDS, Oliveira GPD, Bechara GH, Chagas ACDS. In vitro activity of pineapple extracts (Ananas comosus, Bromeliaceae) on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Parasitol 2013; 134:400-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Brito LG, Rocha RB, Barbieri FDS, Ribeiro ES, Vendrami FB, Souza GC, Giglioti R, Regitano LC, Falcoski TO, Tizioto PC, Oliveira MC. Babesia bovis infection in cattle in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2013; 4:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chagas ACS, Katiki LM, Silva IC, Giglioti R, Esteves SN, Oliveira MCS, Barioni W. Haemonchus contortus: A multiple-resistant Brazilian isolate and the costs for its characterization and maintenance for research use. Parasitol Int 2013; 62:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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