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Nasibi S, Mojarrab S, Lashkarizadeh MR, Shafiei M, Saedi Dezaki E, Mahmoudvand H, Alizadeh A, Mohammadzadeh A, Adnani Sadati SJ, Mirbadie SR, Keighobadi M, Gholami S, Raeghi S, Abbasi M, Mohtasham F, Ravari MS, Dabirzadeh M, Mosavi Anari SA, Mirjalali H, Aliakbarian M, Abbasifard M, Fasihi Harandi M. Iranian Hydatid Disease Registry: Establishment and Implementation of a Neglected Tropical Disease Registry. Arch Iran Med 2023; 26:358-364. [PMID: 38301093 PMCID: PMC10685822 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatid disease is a global public health concern which imposes considerable economic costs on the communities in endemic regions. CE surveillance data are not adequately reliable. The present study reports the development and outcomes of a CE registry in Iran. METHODS Hydatid Registry (HydatidReg) was initially established as a single-center registry in 2014 after the ethical approval of KMU. Following a call from MoHME to promote registry of different diseases and health outcomes, a call for participation was announced and all the Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences were requested to contribute to the registry. Subsequently, a nation-wide registry of hydatid disease was established in 2016. With a global perspective, HydatidReg joined the European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis (ERCE). A data collection form based on minimum dataset was designed and standard operating procedures (SOPs) were prepared to ensure standardized patient enrolment in the registry. A biobank system with two-dimensional barcoding was established along with HydatidReg for management and organization of biological specimens. RESULTS As of March 2021, a total of 690 patients were enrolled in the registry. HydatidReg registered 362 (17.3%) out of the total 2097 patients enrolled in ERCE. Quality control (QC) of the data demonstrated 91.2% completeness and 80% timeliness. In the biobank, 322 biological specimens from 184 CE patients have been deposited including 70 blood, 96 sera and 156 parasite materials. CONCLUSION High-quality data in the HydatidReg registry provided opportunities for health professionals to improve quality of care and organize meaningful research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Nasibi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Mojarrab
- Deputy of Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Alizadeh
- Disease and Health Outcomes Registry Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Disease and Health Outcomes Registry Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Abbasi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtasham
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mansour Dabirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mosavi Anari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn-Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Sharbatkhori M, Nasibi S, Mohammadi MA, Aryaeipour M, Raeghi S, Fasihi Harandi M. Morphological and molecular characterization of Fasciola isolates from livestock in Golestan province, northern Iran. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37317979 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascioliasis, caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, is a global zoonotic helminthic disease. The livestock and human are the final hosts of the parasites. Northern Iran is an important endemic region for fascioliasis. Few studies have been conducted on the characterization of Fasciola isolates from eastern regions of the Caspian littoral of the country. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to identify F. hepatica, F. gigantica and intermediate/hybrid forms of Fasciola isolates from livestock in Golestan province, northern Iran, using morphometric and molecular tools. METHODS Livestock livers naturally infected with Fasciola spp. were collected from Golestan slaughterhouse during 2019-2020. The worms were morphometrically studied using a calibrated stereomicroscope. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed on internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region using Rsa1 restriction enzyme. All the isolates were then analysed by multiplex PCR on Pepck region. RESULTS A total of 110 Fasciola isolates were collected from the infected livers, including 94 sheep, 12 cattle and 4 goats. Morphometric analysis of 61 adult Fasciola isolates indicated that, 44 and 17 isolates belonged to F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. Eighty-one and 29 isolates belonged to F. hepatica and F. gigantica using ITS1-RFLP, respectively. However, Pepck Multiplex PCR indicated 72 F. hepatica, 26 F. gigantica and 12 intermediate/hybrid forms. All 12 hybrid isolates were found in sheep host. Two isolates were identified as F. gigantica using morphometry and F. hepatica using both molecular methods. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed the existence of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica species and reported the first molecular evidence of hybrid Fasciola isolates in ruminants of Golestan province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Para-Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeid Nasibi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohammadi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Aryaeipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Shilanabadi KF, Derakhshan FK, Raeghi S. Genotype Distribution of Enterobius vermicularis Isolates from Northwest Provinces of Iran. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:433-440. [PMID: 37576175 PMCID: PMC10416333 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human infection with Enterobius vermicularis occurs worldwide. The most common clinical manifestation of a pinworm infection is an itchy anal region. This parasite is incidentally found in appendicitis. This study aims to characterize and genotype this parasite from different samples inferred by mt-DNA. Methods Forty appendectomies for acute clinical appendicitis, 40 positive scotch-tape samples, and 10 adult females worm isolated from patients. Genetic differentiation, haplotype differences, and isolates population structure were analyzed based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. Results It has been demonstrated that all isolations in the appendectomies specimens are similar, and the genetic difference divergence is seen in adult worm specimens. The neutral indices of the samples did not show a significant difference and show that there is no intra-specific and population distribution diversity. Conclusion Our results show different haplotypes in the B type of E. vermicularis population and add new information about genotyping of these parasites in Iran. In comparison with other studies, intra-specific variation of this parasite from Iran was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saber Raeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Nazari N, Rokni MB, Ichikawa-Seki M, Raeghi S, Hajjaran H, Falahi S, Hamzavi Y, Heydarian P, Davari A, Ghadiri K, Bozorgomid A. Assessment of genetic markers for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Fasciola isolates from Iran. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:924-933. [PMID: 36343016 PMCID: PMC10029898 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several markers have been described to characterise the population structure and genetic diversity of Fasciola species (Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica). However, sequence analysis of a single genomic locus cannot provide sufficient resolution for the genetic diversity of the Fasciola parasite whose genomes are ∼1.3 GB in size. OBJECTIVES To gain a better understanding of the gene diversity of Fasciola isolates from western Iran and to identify the most informative markers as candidates for epidemiological studies, five housekeeping genes were evaluated using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. METHODS MLST analysis was developed based on five genes (ND1, Pepck, Pold, Cyt b and HSP70) after genomic DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. Nucleotide diversity and phylogeny analysis were conducted on both concatenated MLST loci and each individual locus. A median joining haplotype network was created to examine the haplotypes relationship among Fasciola isolates. RESULTS Thirty-three Fasciola isolates (19 F. hepatica and 14 F. gigantica) were included in the study. A total of 2971 bp was analysed for each isolate and 31 sequence types (STs) were identified among the 33 isolates (19 for F. hepatica and 14 for F. gigantica isolates). The STs produced 44 and 42 polymorphic sites and 17 and 14 haplotypes for F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. Haplotype diversity was 0.982 ± 0.026 and 1.000 ± 0.027 and nucleotide diversity was 0.00200 and 0.00353 ± 0.00088 for F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. There was a high degree of genetic diversity with a Simpson's index of diversity of 0.98 and 1 for F. hepatica and F. gigantica, respectively. While HSP70 and Pold haplotypes from Fasciola species were separated by one to three mutational steps, the haplotype networks of ND1 and Cyt b were more complex and numerous mutational steps were found, likely due to recombination. CONCLUSIONS Although HSP70 and Pold genes from F. gigantica were invariant over the entire region of sequence coverage, MLST was useful for investigating the phylogenetic relationship of Fasciola species. The present study also provided insight into markers more suitable for phylogenetic studies and the genetic structure of Fasciola parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Nazari
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohamad Bagher Rokni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Yazdan Hamzavi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Peyman Heydarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Afshin Davari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyphobad Ghadiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Shafiei R, Jafarzadeh F, Bozorgomid A, Ichikawa-Seki M, Mirahmadi H, Raeghi S. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of E. vermicularis in appendectomy specimens from Iran. Infect Genet Evol 2023; 107:105391. [PMID: 36494066 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human infection with Enterobius vermicularis occurs worldwide, particularly in children. The role of E. vermicularis in appendicitis is neglected. This study was designed to investigate genotypes of E. vermicularis detected from appendectomy specimens in the human population from Iran and clarify the intra-species variation of the parasite. Seventy appendectomies for acute clinical appendicitis isolates from Azerbaijan and North Khorasan of Iran were used in the present study. The genetic information of Tehran and Hamedan regions was also obtained from GenBank for comparison and analysis. The nucleotide sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was analyzed to perform genetic differentiation, haplotype network analysis, and population structure. Phylogenetic analysis of all the isolates were included in type B haplogroup. The number of haplotypes in all geographical locations of Iran is not much. Network analysis of sequences for regions such as Thailand, Iran, Denmark, and Poland show three classified subtypes B1, B2, and B3 in the B haplogroup. It seems that the haplotypes of E. vermicularis detected from appendectomy are B type, and divided into three subtypes. Further research using another genetic marker is required to elucidate the genetic variation of the parasites in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shafiei
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafarzadeh
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Hadi Mirahmadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Kyu HH, Vongpradith A, Sirota SB, Novotney A, Troeger CE, Doxey MC, Bender RG, Ledesma JR, Biehl MH, Albertson SB, Frostad JJ, Burkart K, Bennitt FB, Zhao JT, Gardner WM, Hagins H, Bryazka D, Dominguez RMV, Abate SM, Abdelmasseh M, Abdoli A, Abdoli G, Abedi A, Abedi V, Abegaz TM, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abtew YD, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Zaid A, Adamu K, Addo IY, Adegboye OA, Adnan M, Adnani QES, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad AR, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed JQ, Ahmed Rashid T, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Al Hamad H, Albano L, Aldeyab MA, Alemu BM, Alene KA, Algammal AM, Alhalaiqa FAN, Alhassan RK, Ali BA, Ali L, Ali MM, Ali SS, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Al-Jumaily A, Aljunid SM, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Al-Rifai RHH, AlRyalat SAS, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Ameyaw EK, Aminian Dehkordi JJ, Amuasi JH, Amugsi DA, Anbesu EW, Ansar A, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Areda D, Argaw AM, Argaw ZG, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Asemahagn MA, Athari SS, Atlaw D, Attia EF, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Awoke T, Ayana TM, Ayanore MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari S, Azari Jafari A, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagherieh S, Baig AA, Banach M, Banerjee I, Bardhan M, Barone-Adesi F, Barqawi HJ, Barrow A, Bashiri A, Bassat Q, Batiha AMM, Belachew AB, Belete MA, Belgaumi UI, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhatt P, Bhojaraja VS, Bhutta ZA, Bhuyan SS, Bijani A, Bitaraf S, Bodicha BBA, Briko NI, Buonsenso D, Butt MH, Cai J, Camargos P, Cámera LA, Chakraborty PA, Chanie MG, Charan J, Chattu VK, Ching PR, Choi S, Chong YY, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury EK, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Cobb NL, Cohen AJ, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dagnaw FT, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dao ATM, Debela SA, Demisse B, Demisse FW, Demissie S, Dereje D, Desai HD, Desta AA, Desye B, Dhingra S, Diao N, Diaz D, Digesa LE, Doan LP, Dodangeh M, Dongarwar D, Dorostkar F, dos Santos WM, Dsouza HL, Dubljanin E, Durojaiye OC, Edinur HA, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Desouky ED, El Sayed I, El Sayed Zaki M, Elhadi M, Elkhapery AMR, Emami A, Engelbert Bain L, Erkhembayar R, Etaee F, Ezati Asar M, Fagbamigbe AF, Falahi S, Fallahzadeh A, Faraj A, Faraon EJA, Fatehizadeh A, Ferrara P, Ferrari AA, Fetensa G, Fischer F, Flavel J, Foroutan M, Gaal PA, Gaidhane AM, Gaihre S, Galehdar N, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Garg T, Gebrehiwot MD, Gebremichael MA, Gela YY, Gemeda BNB, Gessner BD, Getachew M, Getie A, Ghamari SH, Ghasemi Nour M, Ghashghaee A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Gholizadeh A, Ghosh R, Ghozy S, Goleij P, Golitaleb M, Gorini G, Goulart AC, Goyomsa GG, Guadie HA, Gudisa Z, Guled RA, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Guta A, Habibzadeh P, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamidi S, Hannan MA, Harorani M, Hasaballah AI, Hasani H, Hassan AM, Hassani S, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Hassankhani H, Hayat K, Heibati B, Heidari M, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Holla R, Hong SH, Horita N, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Househ M, Hoveidamanesh S, Huang J, Hussein NR, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Ismail NE, Iwagami M, Jaafari J, Jamshidi E, Jang SI, Javadi Mamaghani A, Javaheri T, Javanmardi F, Javidnia J, Jayapal SK, Jayarajah U, Jayaram S, Jema AT, Jeong W, Jonas JB, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, K V, Kabir Z, Kacimi SEO, Kadashetti V, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamath A, Kamble BD, Kandel H, Kanko TK, Karaye IM, Karch A, Karkhah S, Kassa BG, Katoto PDMC, Kaur H, Kaur RJ, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan IA, Khan M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khan YH, Khatatbeh MM, Khosravifar M, Khubchandani J, Kim MS, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissoon N, Knibbs LD, Kochhar S, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Korshunov VA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kuate Defo B, Kumar GA, Kurmi OP, Kuttikkattu A, Lal DK, Lám J, Landires I, Ledda C, Lee SW, Levi M, Lewycka S, Liu G, Liu W, Lodha R, Lorenzovici L, Lotfi M, Loureiro JA, Madadizadeh F, Mahmoodpoor A, Mahmoudi R, Mahmoudimanesh M, Majidpoor J, Makki A, Malakan Rad E, Malik AA, Mallhi TH, Manla Y, Matei CN, Mathioudakis AG, Maude RJ, Mehrabi Nasab E, Melese A, Memish ZA, Mendoza-Cano O, Mentis AFA, Meretoja TJ, Merid MW, Mestrovic T, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá AC, Mijena GFW, Minh LHN, Mir SA, Mirfakhraie R, Mirmoeeni S, Mirza AZ, Mirza M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Misganaw AS, Misganaw AT, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi M, Mohammed A, Mohammed S, Mohan S, Mohseni M, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moniruzzaman M, Montazeri F, Moore CE, Moradi A, Morawska L, Mosser JF, Mostafavi E, Motaghinejad M, Mousavi Isfahani H, Mousavi-Aghdas SA, Mubarik S, Murillo-Zamora E, Mustafa G, Nair S, Nair TS, Najafi H, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nejadghaderi SA, Nguyen HVN, Niazi RK, Nogueira de Sá AT, Nouraei H, Nowroozi A, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Nzoputam OJ, Oancea B, Ochir C, Odukoya OO, Okati-Aliabad H, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Olagunju AT, Olufadewa II, Omar Bali A, Omer E, Oren E, Ota E, Otstavnov N, Oulhaj A, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Pakzad R, Palicz T, Pandey A, Pant S, Pardhan S, Park EC, Park EK, Pashazadeh Kan F, Paudel R, Pawar S, Peng M, Pereira G, Perna S, Perumalsamy N, Petcu IR, Pigott DM, Piracha ZZ, Podder V, Polibin RV, Postma MJ, Pourasghari H, Pourtaheri N, Qadir MMF, Raad M, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Raeghi S, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi M, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman A, Rahman MO, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmanian V, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Ranasinghe P, Rani U, Rao SJ, Rashedi S, Rashidi MM, Rasul A, Ratan ZA, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Redwan EMM, Reitsma MB, Renzaho AMN, Rezaeian M, Riad A, Rikhtegar R, Rodriguez JAB, Rogowski ELB, Ronfani L, Rudd KE, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeed U, Safary A, Safi SZ, Sahebazzamani M, Sahebkar A, Sakhamuri S, Salehi S, Salman M, Samadi Kafil H, Samy AM, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sao Jose BP, Sarkhosh M, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Saya GK, Seidu AA, Seylani A, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shaker E, Shamshad H, Sharew MM, Sharhani A, Sharifi A, Sharma P, Sheidaei A, Shenoy SM, Shetty JK, Shiferaw DS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shirzad-Aski H, Shivakumar KM, Shivalli S, Shobeiri P, Simegn W, Simpson CR, Singh H, Singh JA, Singh P, Siwal SS, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Song S, Song Y, Sood P, Sreeramareddy CT, Steiropoulos P, Suleman M, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tahamtan A, Taheri M, Taheri Soodejani M, Taki E, Talaat IM, Tampa M, Tandukar S, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tefera YM, Temesgen G, Temsah MH, Tesfaye A, Tesfaye DG, Tessema B, Thapar R, Ticoalu JHV, Tiyuri A, Tleyjeh II, Togtmol M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tufa DG, Ullah I, Upadhyay E, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Valizadeh R, Vardavas C, Vasankari TJ, Vo B, Vu LG, Wagaye B, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Waris A, West TE, Wickramasinghe ND, Xu X, Yaghoubi S, Yahya GAT, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, Zaman BA, Zandifar A, Zangiabadian M, Zar HJ, Zare I, Zareshahrabadi Z, Zarrintan A, Zastrozhin MS, Zeng W, Zhang M, Zhang ZJ, Zhong C, Zoladl M, Zumla A, Lim SS, Vos T, Naghavi M, Brauer M, Hay SI, Murray CJL. Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1626-1647. [PMID: 35964613 PMCID: PMC9605880 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. METHODS In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466-469, 470.0, 480-482.8, 483.0-483.9, 484.1-484.2, 484.6-484.7, and 487-489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4-B97.6, J09-J15.8, J16-J16.9, J20-J21.9, J91.0, P23.0-P23.4, and U04-U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age-sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age-sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors. FINDINGS Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240-275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217-248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18-1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07-1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16-1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23-1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126·0% [95% UI 121·4-131·1]) and deaths (100·0% [83·4-115·9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest decline was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (-70·7% [-77·2 to -61·8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53·0% [95% UI 37·7-61·8] in males and 56·4% [40·7-65·1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5-14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26·0% [95% UI 16·6-35·5] for males and PAF 25·8% [16·3-35·4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20·4% (95% UI 15·4-25·2) in those aged 15-49 years, 30·5% (24·1-36·9) in those aged 50-69 years, and 21·9% (16·8-27·3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21·1% (95% UI 14·5-27·9) in those aged 15-49 years and 18·2% (12·5-24·5) in those aged 50-69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11·7% (95% UI 8·2-15·8) of LRI deaths. INTERPRETATION The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children younger than 5 years was clearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, including promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Mohammadi A, Soleimani A, Abdolahnejad A, Ahmed M, Akther T, Nemati-Mansour S, Raeghi S, Rashedi GH, Miri M. SARS-CoV-2 detection in hospital indoor environments, NW Iran. Atmos Pollut Res 2022; 13:101511. [PMID: 35880204 PMCID: PMC9301582 DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor settled dust and surfaces of Amir Al-Muminin hospital in Maragheh, Iran. Samples were taken from surfaces and settled dust using a passive approach and particulate matter (PM) using an active approach from different hospital wards. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 15% of settled dust samples (N = 4/26) and 10% of surface samples (3/30). SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in 13.8% and 9.1% of the dust samples collected at a distance of fewer than 1 m and more than 3 m from the patient bed, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 was found in 11% of surface samples from low-touch surfaces and 8% from high touch surfaces. The relationship between PM2.5, PM10, humidity, temperature, and positive samples of SARS-CoV-2 was investigated. A positive correlation was observed between relative humidity, PM2.5, and positive SARS-CoV-2 samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested positive correlation between positive SARS-CoV-2 samples, relative humidity, and PM2.5. Risk assessment results indicated that the annual mean infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 for hospital staff with illness and death was 2.6 × 10-2 and 7.7 × 10-4 per person per year. Current findings will help reduce the permanence of viral particles in the COVID 19 tragedy and future similar pandemics e.g., novel influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Abdolahnejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Morshad Ahmed
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77024, United States
| | - Tanzina Akther
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77024, United States
| | | | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Rashedi
- Expert of Environmental Health Engineering, Amir Al-muminin Hospital, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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8
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Shafiei R, Raeghi S, Jafarzadeh F, Najjari M, Ghatee MA, Shokri A. Three cases of brain hydatidosis in North Khorasan, Iran. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6095. [PMID: 35898758 PMCID: PMC9307882 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic hydatidosis is a serious public health problem in Iran. Although cysts can develop in almost all organs and the brain cysts are very rare. Here, we present 3 confirmed cases of brain hydatidosis and the patients who underwent successful surgery. Pathological examinations demonstrated the presence of cystic hydatidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shafiei
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences Maragheh University of Medical Sciences Maragheh Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafarzadeh
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| | - Mohsen Najjari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Ghatee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
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9
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Soleimani A, Mohebali M, Gholizadeh S, Bozorgomid A, Shafiei R, Raeghi S. Molecular and serological evaluation of visceral leishmaniasis in domestic dogs and cats in Maragheh County, north-west of Iran, 2018-2021. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1898-1903. [PMID: 35622829 PMCID: PMC9514466 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania infantum, of which dogs are the main reservoir. VL is endemic in the Middle East, also in some parts of Iran. Following reports of new cases of VL in children in Maragheh County, the non‐endemic area of the disease, we encouraged to conduct a preliminary study on domestic dogs and cats to identify their potential role as reservoirs for the disease. Materials and Methods This study was conducted during a period of 3 years from 2018 to 2021. Two hundred ownership dogs and 25 cats from Maragheh County, north‐west of Iran, were randomly screened. Blood samples were collected. A direct agglutination test (DAT) was used for the detection of anti‐L. infantum antibodies. Furthermore, buffy coat samples from the L. infantum seropositive animals were examined to detect parasite presence using polymerase chain reaction. Results Out of the total of 200 ownership dogs evaluated, 170 (85%) were male and 30 (15%) were female with a mean age of 4.3 years. Anti‐L. infantum antibodies (IgG cut‐off ≥ 1:320) were observed in 3.5% of dogs (7/200) by the DAT test. All seropositive dogs were identified in the first year of examination. Regarding molecular approaches in seropositive dogs, two samples were positive for a 565 bp kDNA minicircle gene specific for L. infantum. During the study period, no seropositive case was detected in the cats examined. Conclusions This study shows that the domestic cycle of L. infantum has been established in the studied region. It is necessary to increase the awareness and monitoring of the disease with the study of wild reservoirs periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soleimani
- Department of public health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Deptaetment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Gholizadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Shafiei
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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10
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Arzamani K, Saghafipour A, Hashemi SA, Vatandoost H, Alavinia M, Raeghi S, Telmadarraiy Z. Biodiversity Indices and Medically Importance of Ticks in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2022; 15:187-195. [PMID: 35111857 PMCID: PMC8782747 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i2.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ticks are considered as the main vectors for the transmission of various pathogens such as relapsing fever and CCHF to humans. This study was investigated the biodiversity indices and medically importance of ticks in North Khorasan Province, Northeast of Iran during 2015–2019. Methods: Specimens were captured from infested ruminants including cows, sheep, and goats. Additionally, tick collections also were performed on non-domesticated creatures such as turtles, rodents, and hedgehogs. Specimens were identified using valid identification keys. Species diversity, species richness and evenness indices have been calculated to estimate species biodiversity of ticks. Results: A total of 1478 adult ticks were collected. The specimens were from two families: Ixodidae (90.05%) and Argasidae (9.95%), 6 genera and 17 species including: Rhipicephalus sanguineus (55.9%), Rhipicephalus bursa (13.4%), Hyalomma marginatum (9.5%), Hyalomma anatolicum (9.5%), Hyalomma asiaticum (0.2%), Hyalomma aegyptium (0.5%), Hyalomma scupense (1.3%), Hyalomma sp (1.2%), Haemaphysalis sulcata (0.7%), Haemaphysalis erinacea (0.1%), Haemaphysalis inermis (0.1%), Haemaphysalis punctata (0.2%), Haemaphysalis concinna (0.1% Boophilus annulatus (1.2), and Dermacentor marginatus (6.1%) among hard ticks as well as Argas persicus (91.8%) and Argas reflexus (8.2%) amongst soft ticks. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rh. Bursa, Hy. marginatum and Hy. anatolicum were known as the most frequent species of hard ticks. Tick’s species richness, Shannon diversity index and Simpson index in this area were S= 17, H’= 1.69, D= 0.294 respectively. Conclusion: Based on tick distribution veterinary authority, public health organizations and other officials should act for implementation of disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Arzamani
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Abedin Saghafipour
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hashemi
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alavinia
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Toronto Rehabilitation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Pourakbar M, Abdolahnejad A, Raeghi S, Ghayourdoost F, Yousefi R, Behnami A. Comprehensive investigation of SARS-CoV-2 fate in wastewater and finding the virus transfer and destruction route through conventional activated sludge and sequencing batch reactor. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151391. [PMID: 34740662 PMCID: PMC8563086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA transmission route was thoroughly investigated in the hospital wastewater, sewage collection network, and wastewater treatment plants. Samples were taken on four occasions from December 2020 to April 2021. The performance of two different wastewater treatment processes of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and conventional activated sludge (CAS) was studied for virus destruction. For this purpose, liquid phase, solid phase and bioaerosol samples were taken from different units of the investigated wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results revealed that all untreated hospital wastewater samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The virus detection frequency increased when the number of hospitalized cases increased. Detection of viral RNA in the wastewater collection system exhibited higher load of virus in the generated wastewater in areas with poor socioeconomic conditions. Virus detection in the emitted bioaerosols in WWTPs showed that bioaerosols released from CAS with surface aeration contains SARS-CoV-2 RNA posing a potential threat to the working staff of the WWTPs. However, no viral RNA was detected in the bioaerosols of the SBR with diffused aeration system. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in WWTPs showed high affinity of the virus to be accumulated in biosolids rather than transporting via liquid phase. Following the fate of virus in sludge revealed that it is completely destructed in anaerobic sludge treatment process. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that receiving water resources could not be contaminated with virus, if the wastewater treatment processes work properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Pourakbar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Abdolahnejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Farhad Ghayourdoost
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Behnami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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Mirahmadi H, Safari T, Metanat M, Tabatabaei SM, Mehravaran A, Raeghi S. Sequence Analysis of Pvama-1 among Plasmodium Vivax Isolates in Sistan-Baluchistan. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 30:513-520. [PMID: 33897211 PMCID: PMC8054451 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apical Membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is an important membrane protein that presents in all Plasmodium species and participates in critical phases in the attraction of cells. In human, it is one of the most immunodominant antigens with a protective immune response simulation role Apical Membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is an important membrane protein which presents in all Plasmodium species and is located on the surface of merozoite and sporozoites that participates in critical phases in attraction of human red blood cells by merozoites and hepatocytes by sporozoites, so in human, it is one of the most immunodominant antigens with a protective immune response simulation role. Since extra information is necessary to lighten of AMA-1 scope, we equaled genetic variation in P.vivax AMA-1 from 40 Iranian isolates with those reported from the other malarious countries. Methods Blood samples were collected from 40 patients' positive of P.vivax, and genomic DNA was extracted from the blood. The nucleotide sequence for 446 amino acid (AA) residues (42-488 of PvAMA-1) of AMA-1 gene was amplified via PCR and then sequenced. Result A total of 24 different haplotypes were recognized between samples. No new haplotype was determined in this research that was reported previously in other regions of Iran and the world. We detected 37-point mutations at the nucleotide level in their sequences and showed 43 amino acid variations, at 37 positions in which 6 sites demonstrate trimorphic polymorphism, and the others were dimorphic. Conclusion Sequence analysis of the major haplotype showed 95% similarity with P.vivax Sal-1 AMA-1 gene and high level of allelic diversity at the domain I of PvAMA-1 among P. vivax isolates of Iran. Because PvAMA-1 is noticeable as vaccine candidate antigen, these documents provide valuable information for the development of malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Tahere Safari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Malihe Metanat
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehravaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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13
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Rostamian M, Bashiri H, Yousefinejad V, Bozorgomid A, Sohrabi N, Raeghi S, Khodayari MT, Ghadiri K, Rezaeian S. Prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 75:101604. [PMID: 33388595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the main cause of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL; also known as kala-azar) in the Middle East and may be fatal if left untreated. This disease was first reported in 1949 in Iran. Despite marked improvements in hygiene and sanitation conditions, the disease is still endemic in some parts of Iran. It is difficult to determine the current prevalence of HVL in Iran due to the scarcity of comprehensive studies in this regard. In response to this gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to gain better understanding of HVL epidemiology in the general population of Iran. English and Persian databases were searched for studies reporting the prevalence and risk factors associated with HVL in the Iranian people from January 1995 to December 2019. The reported data were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of HVL infection and its 95 % confidence intervals were calculated. Quality assessment, heterogeneity testing and publication bias assessment were also done. Literature search revealed 3634 studies, of which 35 studies met our eligibility criteria, with a total of 50,716 individuals. The meta-analysis was performed on 31 out of 35 included studies. The estimated pooled prevalence of HVL infection according to seropositivity was 2% (95 % CI: 1-2%) in the general population of Iran in which western and northern provinces had the lowest and the highest prevalence, 0.5 % (95 %CI, 0.2-0.7%) and 3% (95 %CI, 1-5 %), respectively. The seroprevalence of HVL among females (2%; 95 %CI, 1-2 %) was more than males (1%; 95 %CI, 1-2 %). The ≤10 and >10 years age groups had similar seroprevalence rates (1%, 95 %CI, 1-2 % versus 1%, 95 %CI, 0-1 %, respectively). There was no significant difference in terms of geographic area, age and sex. Of 31 studies included in the meta-analysis, the most common diagnostic test was the direct agglutination test (96.77 %). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the prevalence of HVL in Iran. The results showed a low seroprevalence of HVL infection. However, the lack of published reports of HVL in an area does not exclusively mean the absence of the disease or carrier. We therefore recommend further studies in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Rostamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Homayoon Bashiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Yousefinejad
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Keyghobad Ghadiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rokni MB, Bashiri H, Raeghi S, Teimouri A, Shojaeimotlagh V, Shiee MR, Bozorgomid A. Molecular phylogenetic and genetic variability of Fasciola gigantica in Kermanshah province, western Iran with an overview to understand haplotypes distribution in Asia and Africa. Vet Res Forum 2020; 11:265-271. [PMID: 33133464 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.98547.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, diagnostic tools to detect and differentiate Fasciola species have improved, but our understanding of the distribution of haplotypes and population structure of this parasite is less clear. This study was designed to survey this gap in the F. gigantica epidemiology in Kermanshah province, western Iran from 2015 to 2017. Sixty-eight Fasciola isolates were collected from slaughterhouses from this province. We evaluated the PCR-RFLP assay of the ITS1 genes for the identification of Fasciola species using the RsaI enzyme. After Fasciola species identification, the partial sequence of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene of F. gigantica was used for subsequent construction of the phylogenetic tree and network analysis. Based on the PCR-PRFLP profile, one (6.25%) of sheep isolates and 19 (39.60%) of cattle isolates were detected as F. gigantica, whereas 93.75% of sheep isolates, 60.40% of cattle isolates and all of the goat isolates were F. hepatica. In the 20 analyzed flukes, five ND1 haplotypes were detected. Statistically significant genetic differentiation was demonstrated between the Iran population and all the other populations. Evidence is presented for the existence of two well-separated populations: African and West Asian gigantica flukes and East Asian gigantica flukes. Genetic relationships among haplotypes were associated with geographical divisions. Also, our results have heightened our knowledge about the genetic diversity of F. gigantic, providing the first evidence for the existence of two well-separated populations of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Rokni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayoon Bashiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Aref Teimouri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Shojaeimotlagh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shiee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rostami M, Fasihi-Harandi M, Shafiei R, Aspatwar A, Derakhshan FK, Raeghi S. Genetic diversity analysis of Blastocystis subtypes and their distribution among the domestic animals and pigeons in northwest of Iran. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 86:104591. [PMID: 33045364 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a unicellular, anaerobic, eukaryotic protist, a common parasite found in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. During the last few years, the host fecal DNA analysis by nucleic acid-based method has led to significant advances in Blastocystis diagnostics and enabled subtypes (STs). The zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis to humans is not well understood, therefore the present study was conducted to identify Blastocystis subtypes in Iran from different animal hosts from northwest of Iran. A total of 427 fresh fecal specimens were collected from cattle, sheep, poultry and pigeon (40,150,132,105 respectively). To detect the Blastocystis sp., each fecal specimen was examined microscopically. Total DNA from the samples that were positive for Blastocystis sp. was isolated, and the barcoding region of the small subunit of ribosomal rRNA (18S rRNA) was amplified and sequenced. Subsequently, sequence analyses, genetic diversity indices and evolutionary relationships of Blastocystis subtype populations were carried out. In total, 14.98% of the analyzed samples were positive for Blastocystis sp. and the subtypes detected were ST3,7,10 and 14. Among these, the ST10 was the main subtype that was found only in the cattle, sheep and poultry and the zoonotic subtype ST3 was present only from cattle. Our study shows the presence of Blastocystis subtypes in the sheep in north west of Iran and also demonstrated that the genetic approaches are crucial to understand the host specify of subtypes and the mode of infection. The study suggests that the genetic approaches will help us to understand the host specificity of subtypes and their role in infection if they are obtained from human and animals from the same geographical locations. Therefore, it is important to study the zoonotic aspects of this parasite with large number of samples from different groups of animals and from different geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Rostami
- Student Research committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi-Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Shafiei
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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16
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Rokni MB, Bashiri H, Raeghi S, Teimouri A, Shojaeimotlagh V, Shiee MR, Bozorgomid A. Molecular phylogenetic and genetic variability of Fasciola gigantica in Kermanshah province, western Iran with an overview to understand haplotypes distribution in Asia and Africa. Vet Res Forum 2020; 11. [PMID: 33133464 PMCID: PMC7597793 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.98547.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, diagnostic tools to detect and differentiate Fasciola species have improved, but our understanding of the distribution of haplotypes and population structure of this parasite is less clear. This study was designed to survey this gap in the F. gigantica epidemiology in Kermanshah province, western Iran from 2015 to 2017. Sixty-eight Fasciola isolates were collected from slaughterhouses from this province. We evaluated the PCR-RFLP assay of the ITS1 genes for the identification of Fasciola species using the RsaI enzyme. After Fasciola species identification, the partial sequence of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene of F. gigantica was used for subsequent construction of the phylogenetic tree and network analysis. Based on the PCR-PRFLP profile, one (6.25%) of sheep isolates and 19 (39.60%) of cattle isolates were detected as F. gigantica, whereas 93.75% of sheep isolates, 60.40% of cattle isolates and all of the goat isolates were F. hepatica. In the 20 analyzed flukes, five ND1 haplotypes were detected. Statistically significant genetic differentiation was demonstrated between the Iran population and all the other populations. Evidence is presented for the existence of two well-separated populations: African and West Asian gigantica flukes and East Asian gigantica flukes. Genetic relationships among haplotypes were associated with geographical divisions. Also, our results have heightened our knowledge about the genetic diversity of F. gigantic, providing the first evidence for the existence of two well-separated populations of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Rokni
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Homayoon Bashiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of
Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences,
Maragheh, Iran;
| | - Aref Teimouri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of
Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
| | - Vahid Shojaeimotlagh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy,
Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Shiee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of
Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; ,Correspondence: Arezoo Bozorgomid, PhD, Infectious Diseases Research
Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
E-mail:
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17
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Nazari N, Shojaee S, Mohebali M, Teimouri A, Ghadiri K, Raeghi S, Shiee MR, Azarakhsh Y, Bozorgomid A. Toxoplasma gondii And Neospora caninum In Brain Tissue Of Rodents In North-West Iran. Vet Med (Auckl) 2019; 10:223-227. [PMID: 31908996 PMCID: PMC6929938 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s224664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Rodents live in proximity to humans and domestic animals. These creatures can serve as reservoir hosts for many zoonotic parasites; therefore, they increase the risk of human infections. The aim of this study was to investigate Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in rodents caught in Meshgin-Shahr District, Iran. Patients and methods In a cross-sectional study, brain samples were collected from 70 rodents caught in Meshgin-Shahr District during March and December 2015. The specimens were examined for exposure to T. gondii and N. caninum with molecular methods. Results Seventy rodents were caught, including 50 Meriones persicus, 11 Mus musculus and 9 Cricetulus migratorius. Thirty rodents were female and 40 were males. Using PCR (B1 gene), T. gondii was detected in 7.1% (5/70) of the rodents while N. caninum was not detected. The prevalence of Toxoplasma infection was higher in female rodents (4.28%) compared to male rodents (2.86%), but the difference was not significant. Conclusion The results showed a low risk of T. gondii and N. caninum among rodents. Finally, further research is needed to understand the role of these rodent species in the transmission of the above protozoan pathogens to humans and livestock in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Nazari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Teimouri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyghobad Ghadiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shiee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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18
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Bozorgomid A, Rouhani S, Harandi MF, Ichikawa-Seki M, Raeghi S. Genetic diversity and distribution of Fasciola hepatica haplotypes in Iran: Molecular and phylogenetic studies. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2019; 19:100359. [PMID: 32057386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. Over the last decade, diagnostic tools to detect and differentiate Fasciola species have improved, but our knowledge of the distribution of haplotypes and gene flow of this parasite is not comprehensive yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate this gap in the epidemiology of F. hepatica in different provinces of Iran between 2015 and 2017. Isolated Fasciola were collected from abattoirs in 9 provinces. The partial sequence of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene was used for the identification and molecular analysis of F. hepatica isolates. The amplified PCR products were purified and subjected to direct sequencing for subsequent construction of phylogenetic tree and network analysis. In the 130 subjects analyzed, 37 ND1 haplotypes were detected. This is the first study in Iran which investigates F. hepatica population and its genetic structure, based on mitochondrial ND1 marker in different geographical regions of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Bozorgomid
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Rouhani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
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19
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Mirahmadi H, Rezaee N, Mehravaran A, Heydarian P, Raeghi S. Detection of species and molecular typing of Leishmania in suspected patients by targeting cytochrome b gene in Zahedan, southeast of Iran. Vet World 2018; 11:700-705. [PMID: 29915511 PMCID: PMC5993770 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.700-705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important health problems that are capable of involving both tropical and subtropical areas, especially in Iran. This cross-sectional study aimed to differentiate the species that are able to cause CL in Zahedan city by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Materials and Methods: It was conducted on 145 suspected CL patients in Zahedan city between 2014 and 2016. The smears were initially prepared, air-dried, fixed with absolute methanol, and stained with 10% Giemsa. Then, we examined the stained samples by a light microscope under 1000× magnifications. PCR assay targeted cytochrome b(cyt b) gene using LCBF1 and LCBR2 primers and the products digested by Ssp1 enzymes. Results: From 145 suspected CL patients, 76 (52.4%) were positive in microscopic examination. In addition, we detected gene of interest (cyt b) in 98 (67.5%). The results of PCR-RFLP indicated that 53/98 (54%) cases were Leishmania major and 45/98 (46%) were Leishmania tropica, and the main species in these areas was L. major. Conclusion: We concluded that the microscopic examination is not sensitive enough and is not able to distinguish between different Leishmania species. Instead, molecular methods like PCR-RFLP can be appropriately used with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Rezaee
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehravaran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Peyman Heydarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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20
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Valizadeh M, Haghpanah B, Badirzadeh A, Roointan E, Fallahi S, Raeghi S. Immunization of sheep against Echinococcus granulosus with protoscolex tegumental surface antigens. Vet World 2017; 10:854-858. [PMID: 28919673 PMCID: PMC5591468 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.854-858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has potential economic effects to both animal products and human health. A vaccine to protect livestock against CE can be effective in reducing economic costs and increasing the livestock products. Protoscolex tegumental surface antigens (PSTSA) used to induce the production of specific antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus in sheep. The tegumental antigens were extracted from viable protoscolices by solubilization in sterile phosphate-buffered saline containing decanoyl-N-methylglucamine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten lambs which were infected with CE (positive control), 10 negative control, and 10 test groups of sheep were included in the study. 300 µg emulsion of purified-PSTSA was injected intramuscularly in a two-step immunization on the first and 30 days. Sera were collected immediately before immunization and 6 times with 10-day intervals until 60 days post immunization. Thereafter, the sera were tested for antibodies by indirect hemagglutination test in microtiter plate. RESULTS After two immunizations, all the infected animals in test group showed substantial increases in antibody titer. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the titer obtained in the test and negative control groups in both phases of immunization (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that the PSTSA is a promising immunogenic compound for immunization of sheep against CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Valizadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Haghpanah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Roointan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fascioliasis is economically important to the livestock industry that caused with Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The objective of this study was to identify these two species F. hepatica and F. gigantica by using nuclear and mitochondrial markers (ITS1, ND1 and CO1) and have been employed to analyze intraspecific phylogenetic relations of Fasciola spp. MATERIALS AND METHODS Approximately 150 Fasciola specimens were collected, then stained with haematoxylin-carmine dye and observed under an optical microscope to examine for the existence of sperm. The ITS1 marker was used to identify different Fasciola and phylogenetic analysis based on ND1 and CO1 sequence data were conducted by maximum likelihood algorithm. RESULTS Fasciola samples were separated into 2 groups. Almost all specimens had many sperms in the seminal vesicle (spermic fluke) and one fluke did not contain any sperm in the seminal vesicle. The aspermic sample had F. gigantica RFLP pattern with ITS1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on NDI and COI sequence data were conducted by maximum likelihood showed a similar topology of the trees obtained particularly for F. hepatica and F. gigantica. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that aspermic Fasciola found in this region of Iran has same genetic structures through the spermic F. gigantica populations in accordance to phylogenetic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Rouhani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Adel Spotin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Salehi R, Haghighi A, Stensvold CR, Kheirandish F, Azargashb E, Raeghi S, Kohansal C, Bahrami F. Prevalence and subtype identification of Blastocystis isolated from humans in Ahvaz, Southwestern Iran. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2017; 10:235-241. [PMID: 29118941 PMCID: PMC5660275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis and its relation with demographic data and symptoms in humans referred to medical centers in Ahvaz 2014-2015. BACKGROUND Infections with intestinal parasites are one of the most important threats to human health worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Blastocystis sp. is a common parasite of humans with a vast variety of non-human hosts. We aimed to study the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in individuals referred to medical laboratories in Ahvaz city, southwest Iran. METHODS From September 2014 to September 2015, 618 stool samples were collected from 16 medical laboratories in Ahvaz, and examined using direct wet mount, formalin-ether concentration, a modified version of the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique, and cultivation in xenic HSr + S medium. Subtypes of positive Blastocysts sp. were obtained using the "barcoding" method. The results were analyzed using SPSS software, version 16, with Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Totally, 325 (52.6%) of the referred individuals were men and 293 (47.4%) were women. Blastocystis sp. was observed in 146 (23.6%) samples. Co-infections with other intestinal parasites were found in 32 (5.17%) cases. Out of the 146 positive isolates, 20.83%, 20.83% and 58.34% belonged to ST1, ST2, ST3 respectively. CONCLUSION Blastocystis sp. was quite common in the study population, with a carrier rate corresponding to nearly one in every four individuals. The subtype distribution identified in the present study was largely identical to that reported from other studies in Iran, with ST3 being the most common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Salehi
- International Branch, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Haghighi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - C. Rune Stensvold
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institute, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Eznelloah Azargashb
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Cobra Kohansal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz,Iran
| | - Fares Bahrami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Mohebali M, Arzamani K, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Hajjaran H, Raeghi S, Heidari Z, Motavalli-Haghi SM, Elikaee S, Mousazadeh-Mojarrad A, Kakoei Z. Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Wild Canines (Fox, Jackal, and Wolf) in Northeastern Iran Using Parasitological, Serological, and Molecular Methods. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2016; 10:538-545. [PMID: 28032106 PMCID: PMC5186744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies had been conducted on various aspects of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in domestic dogs in the endemic areas of Iran, investigations on CVL in wild canines are rare. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2012 to 2013 in northeast of Iran where human VL is endemic. Wild canines were trapped around the areas where human VL cases had been previously identified. Wild canines were collected and examined both clinically and serologically using direct agglutination test (DAT). Microscopically examinations were performed in all the seropositive wild canines for the presence of the amastigote form of Leishmania spp. Some Leishmania sp. which had been isolated from the spleens of wild canines, were examined analyzed by conventional PCR and sequencing techniques using α-tubulin and GAPDH genes. RESULTS Altogether, 84 wild canines including foxes (Vulpes vulpes, n=21), Jackals (Canis aureus, n=60) and wolves (Canis lupus, n=3) were collected. Four foxes and seven jackals showed anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies with titers of 1:320-1:20480 in DAT. Furthermore, one fox and one jackal were parasitologically (microscopy and culture) positive and L. infantum was confirmed by sequence analysis. CONCLUSION The present study showed that sylvatic cycle of L. infantum had been established in the studied endemic areas of VL in northeastern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Arzamani
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Zabiholah Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Akhoundi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mousa Motavalli-Haghi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Elikaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Kakoei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Raeghi S, Akaberi A, Sedeghi S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep, Cattle and Horses in Urmia North-West of Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2011; 6:90-4. [PMID: 22347318 PMCID: PMC3279903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite found worldwide and responsible for major economic losses in most classes of livestock. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep, cattle and horses in Urmia, north-west of Iran, using MAT. METHODS Blood samples of 276 livestock and 26 horses were collected from July 2009 till April 2010. The data were analyzed by the Chi-square, Fisher's Exact and Cochran's and Mantel-Haenszel Tests. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS Thirty-three (21.1%) sheep, 2 (1.6%) cattle and 3 (11.5%) horses were seropositive to T. gondii. Analysis showed that sheep were 15 times more likely to be seropositive comparing to cattle also 2 times more likely to be seropositive than horses. CONCLUSION This study showed seroprevalence of equine T. gondii infection with a considerable rate in sheep in Urmia, northwest of Iran. More comprehensive studies on livestock toxoplasmosis are required for further analysis of the parasite reservoir for human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raeghi
- Dept. of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran & Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan university of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - A Akaberi
- Dept. of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - S Sedeghi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
,Corresponding author: Tel/Fax: 0098-584-2230927, E-mail:
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