1
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Sabatini S, Dritschel B, Rupprecht FS, Ukoumunne OC, Ballard C, Brooker H, Corbett A, Clare L. Rumination moderates the longitudinal associations of awareness of age-related change with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1711-1719. [PMID: 36762688 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2176820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower awareness of age-related gains (AARC-gains) and higher awareness of age-related losses (AARC-losses) may be risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms. We explored whether: (1) Baseline AARC-gains and AARC-losses predict depressive and anxiety symptoms at one-year follow-up; (2) age and rumination moderate these associations; (3) levels of AARC-gains and AARC-losses differ among individuals with different combinations of current and past depression and/or with different combinations of current and past anxiety. METHODS In this one-year longitudinal cohort study participants (N = 3386; mean age = 66.0; SD = 6.93) completed measures of AARC-gains, AARC-losses, rumination, depression, anxiety, and lifetime diagnosis of depression and anxiety in 2019 and 2020. Regression models with tests of interaction were used. RESULTS Higher AARC-losses, but not lower AARC-gains, predicted more depressive and anxiety symptoms. Age did not moderate these associations. Associations of lower AARC-gains and higher AARC-losses with more depressive symptoms and of higher AARC-losses with more anxiety symptoms were stronger in those with higher rumination. Individuals with both current and past depression reported highest AARC-losses and lowest AARC-gains. Those with current, but not past anxiety, reported highest AARC-losses. CONCLUSION Perceiving many age-related losses may place individuals at risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms, especially those who frequently ruminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabatini
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - B Dritschel
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - F S Rupprecht
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - O C Ukoumunne
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), Exeter, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - C Ballard
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - H Brooker
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Ecog Pro Ltd, Bristol, UK
| | - A Corbett
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - L Clare
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), Exeter, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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2
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Scintu D, Scacchi E, Cazzaniga F, Vinciarelli F, De Vivo M, Shtin M, Svolacchia N, Bertolotti G, Unterholzner SJ, Del Bianco M, Timmermans M, Di Mambro R, Vittorioso P, Sabatini S, Costantino P, Dello Ioio R. Author Correction: microRNA165 and 166 modulate response of the Arabidopsis root apical meristem to salt stress. Commun Biol 2023; 6:883. [PMID: 37644094 PMCID: PMC10465606 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Scintu
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scacchi
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Francesca Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Vinciarelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko De Vivo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Margaryta Shtin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Svolacchia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Josef Unterholzner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazzale Università, 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Marja Timmermans
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Vittorioso
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Scintu D, Scacchi E, Cazzaniga F, Vinciarelli F, De Vivo M, Shtin M, Svolacchia N, Bertolotti G, Unterholzner SJ, Del Bianco M, Timmermans M, Di Mambro R, Vittorioso P, Sabatini S, Costantino P, Dello Ioio R. microRNA165 and 166 modulate response of the Arabidopsis root apical meristem to salt stress. Commun Biol 2023; 6:834. [PMID: 37567954 PMCID: PMC10421904 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, developmental plasticity allows for the modulation of organ growth in response to environmental cues. Being in contact with soil, roots are the first organ that responds to various types of soil abiotic stress such as high salt concentration. In the root, developmental plasticity relies on changes in the activity of the apical meristem, the region at the tip of the root where a set of self-renewing undifferentiated stem cells sustain growth. Here, we show that salt stress promotes differentiation of root meristem cells via reducing the dosage of the microRNAs miR165 and 166. By means of genetic, molecular and computational analysis, we show that the levels of miR165 and 166 respond to high salt concentration, and that miR165 and 166-dependent PHABULOSA (PHB) modulation is central to the response of root growth to this stress. Specifically, we show that salt-dependent reduction of miR165 and 166 causes a rapid increase in PHB expression and, hence, production of the root meristem pro-differentiation hormone cytokinin. Our data provide direct evidence for how the miRNA-dependent modulation of transcription factor dosage mediates plastic development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Scintu
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scacchi
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Francesca Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Vinciarelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko De Vivo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Margaryta Shtin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Svolacchia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Josef Unterholzner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazzale Università, 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Marja Timmermans
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Vittorioso
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Shtin M, Polverari L, Svolacchia N, Bertolotti G, Unterholzner SJ, Di Mambro R, Costantino P, Dello Ioio R, Sabatini S. The Mutual Inhibition between PLETHORAs and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs Controls Root Zonation. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:317-324. [PMID: 36611272 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During organogenesis, a key step toward the development of a functional organ is the separation of cells into specific domains with different activities. Mutual inhibition of gene expression has been shown to be sufficient to establish and maintain these domains during organogenesis in several multicellular organisms. Here, we show that the mutual inhibition between the PLETHORA transcription factors (PLTs) and the ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORs (ARRs) transcription factors is sufficient to separate cell division and cell differentiation during root organogenesis. In particular, we show that ARR1 suppresses PLT activities and that PLTs suppress ARR1 and ARR12 by targeting their proteins for degradation via the KISS ME DEADLY 2 F-box protein. These findings reveal new important aspects of the complex process of root zonation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaryta Shtin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', University of Rome 'Sapienza', via dei Sardi 70, Rome 00185, Italy
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazzale Università 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Laura Polverari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', University of Rome 'Sapienza', via dei Sardi 70, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Noemi Svolacchia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', University of Rome 'Sapienza', via dei Sardi 70, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Gaia Bertolotti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', University of Rome 'Sapienza', via dei Sardi 70, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Simon J Unterholzner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazzale Università 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', University of Rome 'Sapienza', via dei Sardi 70, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', University of Rome 'Sapienza', via dei Sardi 70, Rome 00185, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', University of Rome 'Sapienza', via dei Sardi 70, Rome 00185, Italy
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5
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Abstract
The extraordinary variety that characterizes the living world in terms of forms and structures is the result of natural selection that allows an organism to be in perfect harmony with its environmental niche. Once a specific shape is acquired, many different factors act together to guarantee phenotypic robustness and developmental stability of the organism. Among these factors, hormones play a key role in the regulation and coordination of growth - they control the activity of a single cell, the progression to tissue organization, the development of specific organs, ending with the development of the entire body. In plants, hormones acquire yet another important role - plants, due to their sessile nature, along with the quest for robust development, rely on plastic development to adapt growth to a changing environment. Plant hormones play a crucial role in sensing and responding to different environmental stimuli, translating these inputs into specific developmental changes that adapt the plant body to the environment. Here, we will focus on cytokinins - a unique class of plant hormones - giving clues on their metabolism, on how they are perceived by cells and how cells change their activity in response to it. Most of the data presented have been derived by studies conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant used as a model system in plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Svolacchia
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Bertolotti G, Unterholzner SJ, Scintu D, Salvi E, Svolacchia N, Di Mambro R, Ruta V, Linhares Scaglia F, Vittorioso P, Sabatini S, Costantino P, Dello Ioio R. A PHABULOSA-Controlled Genetic Pathway Regulates Ground Tissue Patterning in the Arabidopsis Root. Curr Biol 2021; 31:420-426.e6. [PMID: 33176130 PMCID: PMC7846283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In both animals and plants, development involves anatomical modifications. In the root of Arabidopsis thaliana, maturation of the ground tissue (GT)—a tissue comprising all cells between epidermal and vascular ones—is a paradigmatic example of these modifications, as it generates an additional tissue layer, the middle cortex (MC).1, 2, 3, 4 In early post-embryonic phases, the Arabidopsis root GT is composed of one layer of endodermis and one of cortex. A second cortex layer, the MC, is generated by asymmetric cell divisions in about 80% of Arabidopsis primary roots, in a time window spanning from 7 to 14 days post-germination (dpg). The cell cycle regulator CYCLIN D6;1 (CYCD6;1) plays a central role in this process, as its accumulation in the endodermis triggers the formation of MC.5 The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is a key regulator of the timing of MC formation, as alterations in its signaling and homeostasis result in precocious endodermal asymmetric cell divisions.3,6,7 However, little is known on how GAs are regulated during GT maturation. Here, we show that the HOMEODOMAIN LEUCINE ZIPPER III (HD-ZIPIII) transcription factor PHABULOSA (PHB) is a master regulator of MC formation, controlling the accumulation of CYCD6;1 in the endodermis in a cell non-autonomous manner. We show that PHB activates the GA catabolic gene GIBBERELLIN 2 OXIDASE 2 (GA2ox2) in the vascular tissue, thus regulating the stability of the DELLA protein GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE (GAI)—a GA signaling repressor—in the root and, hence, CYCD6;1 expression in the endodermis. PHB regulates cell non-autonomously the timing of MC formation A time-dependent rise of PHB expression controls the CYCD6;1 switch in the GT PHB regulates GAI stability modulating GA levels PHB regulates root GA levels activating GA2ox2 expression in the vasculature
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simon Josef Unterholzner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazzale Università, 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daria Scintu
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Salvi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Svolacchia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica Ruta
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Vittorioso
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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7
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Svolacchia N, Salvi E, Sabatini S. Arabidopsis primary root growth: let it grow, can't hold it back anymore! Curr Opin Plant Biol 2020; 57:133-141. [PMID: 33096518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, growth is defined by those processes that allow an organ to increase in mass, namely cell proliferation - that increases the number of cells - and cell expansion - that increases their volume. For an organ to achieve a functional shape and a characteristic final size both these processes need to be tightly coordinated. In roots, these processes stand behind root primary growth, which results in lengthening of the root along its longitudinal axis, and secondary growth, which results in an increase of the root thickness. In this review, we will analyze latest advances in the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in root primary growth, focusing on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, where some molecular factors and networks responsible for regulating its self-organized primary growth have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Svolacchia
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Salvi
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome, Italy.
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Salvi E, Rutten JP, Di Mambro R, Polverari L, Licursi V, Negri R, Dello Ioio R, Sabatini S, Ten Tusscher K. A Self-Organized PLT/Auxin/ARR-B Network Controls the Dynamics of Root Zonation Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Dev Cell 2020; 53:431-443.e23. [PMID: 32386600 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During organogenesis, coherent organ growth arises from spatiotemporally coordinated decisions of individual cells. In the root of Arabidopsis thaliana, this coordination results in the establishment of a division and a differentiation zone. Cells continuously move through these zones; thus, a major question is how the boundary between these domains, the transition zone, is formed and maintained. By combining molecular genetics with computational modeling, we reveal how an auxin/PLETHORA/ARR-B network controls these dynamic patterning processes. We show that after germination, cell division causes a drop in distal PLT2 levels that enables transition zone formation and ARR12 activation. The resulting PLT2-ARR12 antagonism controls expansion of the division zone (the meristem). The successive ARR1 activation antagonizes PLT2 through inducing the cell-cycle repressor KRP2, thus setting final meristem size. Our work indicates a key role for the interplay between cell division dynamics and regulatory networks in root zonation and transition zone patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Salvi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin," Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome "Sapienza", via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacob Pieter Rutten
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa - via L. Ghini, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Polverari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin," Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome "Sapienza", via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin," Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome "Sapienza", via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin," Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome "Sapienza", via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin," Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome "Sapienza", via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin," Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome "Sapienza", via dei Sardi, 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Kirsten Ten Tusscher
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Salvi E, Di Mambro R, Sabatini S. Dissecting mechanisms in root growth from the transition zone perspective. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:2390-2396. [PMID: 32064533 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The root of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana is a dynamic structure in which cells continuously divide and differentiate to sustain its postembryonic undetermined growth. Cells at different developmental stages are organized in distinguished zones whose position and activities are maintained constant during root growth. In this review, we will discuss the latest discoveries on the regulatory networks involved in root zonation and, in particular, in the mechanisms involved in maintaining the position of the transition zone, a root developmental boundary. Developmental boundaries physically divide cells with different functions and identities. The transition zone separates dividing cells from differentiating cells in two functional domains, preserving their identity during root growth and thus controlling root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Salvi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Barrera-Rojas CH, Rocha GHB, Polverari L, Pinheiro Brito DA, Batista DS, Notini MM, da Cruz ACF, Morea EGO, Sabatini S, Otoni WC, Nogueira FTS. miR156-targeted SPL10 controls Arabidopsis root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration via cytokinin responses. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:934-950. [PMID: 31642910 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Root growth is modulated by different factors, including phytohormones, transcription factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNA156 and its targets, the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes, define an age-dependent pathway that controls several developmental processes, including lateral root emergence. However, it remains unclear whether miR156-regulated SPLs control root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration. Here, we show that MIR156 and SPL genes have opposing expression patterns during the progression of primary root (PR) growth in Arabidopsis, suggesting that age cues may modulate root development. Plants with high miR156 levels display reduced meristem size, resulting in shorter primary root (PRs). Conversely, plants with reduced miR156 levels show higher meristem activity. Importantly, loss of function of SPL10 decreases meristem activity, while SPL10 de-repression increases it. Meristem activity is regulated by SPL10 probably through the reduction of cytokinin responses, via the modulation of type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1(ARR1) expression. We also show that SPL10 de-repression in the PRs abolishes de novo shoot regenerative capacity by attenuating cytokinin responses. Our results reveal a cooperative regulation of root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration by integrating age cues with cytokinin responses via miR156-targeted SPL10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernán Barrera-Rojas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Bioscience Institute, State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique Braga Rocha
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Polverari
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Armando Pinheiro Brito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Department of Plant Biology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory-BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Notini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Plant Biology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory-BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Edna Gicela Ortiz Morea
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Bioscience Institute, State University of Sao Paulo, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Department of Plant Biology, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory-BIOAGRO, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabio Tebaldi Silveira Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Ruta V, Longo C, Boccaccini A, Madia VN, Saccoliti F, Tudino V, Di Santo R, Lorrai R, Dello Ioio R, Sabatini S, Costi R, Costantino P, Vittorioso P. Inhibition of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 activity reduces trimethylation of H3K27 and affects development in Arabidopsis seedlings. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:429. [PMID: 31619182 PMCID: PMC6796367 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an epigenetic transcriptional repression system, whose catalytic subunit (ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2, EZH2 in animals) is responsible for trimethylating histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). In mammals, gain-of-function mutations as well as overexpression of EZH2 have been associated with several tumors, therefore making this subunit a suitable target for the development of selective inhibitors. Indeed, highly specific small-molecule inhibitors of EZH2 have been reported. In plants, mutations in some PRC2 components lead to embryonic lethality, but no trial with any inhibitor has ever been reported. RESULTS We show here that the 1,5-bis (3-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one compound (RDS 3434), previously reported as an EZH2 inhibitor in human leukemia cells, is active on the Arabidopsis catalytic subunit of PRC2, since treatment with the drug reduces the total amount of H3K27me3 in a dose-dependent fashion. Consistently, we show that the expression level of two PRC2 targets is significantly increased following treatment with the RDS 3434 compound. Finally, we show that impairment of H3K27 trimethylation in Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings affects both seed germination and root growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a useful tool for the plant community in investigating how PRC2 affects transcriptional control in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ruta
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Longo
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boccaccini
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Saccoliti
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tudino
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lorrai
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vittorioso
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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12
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Pierdonati E, Unterholzner SJ, Salvi E, Svolacchia N, Bertolotti G, Dello Ioio R, Sabatini S, Di Mambro R. Cytokinin-Dependent Control of GH3 Group II Family Genes in the Arabidopsis Root. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:plants8040094. [PMID: 30965632 PMCID: PMC6524372 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis root is a dynamic system where the interaction between different plant hormones controls root meristem activity and, thus, organ growth. In the root, a characteristic graded distribution of the hormone auxin provides positional information, coordinating the proliferating and differentiating cell status. The hormone cytokinin shapes this gradient by positioning an auxin minimum in the last meristematic cells. This auxin minimum triggers a cell developmental switch necessary to start the differentiation program, thus, regulating the root meristem size. To position the auxin minimum, cytokinin promotes the expression of the IAA-amido synthase group II gene GH3.17, which conjugates auxin with amino acids, in the most external layer of the root, the lateral root cap tissue. Since additional GH3 genes are expressed in the root, we questioned whether cytokinin to position the auxin minimum also operates via different GH3 genes. Here, we show that cytokinin regulates meristem size by activating the expression of GH3.5 and GH3.6 genes, in addition to GH3.17. Thus, cytokinin activity provides a robust control of auxin activity in the entire organ necessary to regulate root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pierdonati
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza-via dei Sardi, 70⁻00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simon Josef Unterholzner
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza-via dei Sardi, 70⁻00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Salvi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza-via dei Sardi, 70⁻00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Noemi Svolacchia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza-via dei Sardi, 70⁻00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaia Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza-via dei Sardi, 70⁻00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza-via dei Sardi, 70⁻00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza-via dei Sardi, 70⁻00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa-via L. Ghini, 13⁻56126 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Di Mambro R, Svolacchia N, Dello Ioio R, Pierdonati E, Salvi E, Pedrazzini E, Vitale A, Perilli S, Sozzani R, Benfey PN, Busch W, Costantino P, Sabatini S. The Lateral Root Cap Acts as an Auxin Sink that Controls Meristem Size. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1199-1205.e4. [PMID: 30880016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant developmental plasticity relies on the activities of meristems, regions where stem cells continuously produce new cells [1]. The lateral root cap (LRC) is the outermost tissue of the root meristem [1], and it is known to play an important role during root development [2-6]. In particular, it has been shown that mechanical or genetic ablation of LRC cells affect meristem size [7, 8]; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. Root meristem size and, consequently, root growth depend on the position of the transition zone (TZ), a boundary that separates dividing from differentiating cells [9, 10]. The interaction of two phytohormones, cytokinin and auxin, is fundamental in controlling the position of the TZ [9, 10]. Cytokinin via the ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (ARR1) control auxin distribution within the meristem, generating an instructive auxin minimum that positions the TZ [10]. We identify a cytokinin-dependent molecular mechanism that acts in the LRC to control the position of the TZ and meristem size. We show that auxin levels within the LRC cells depends on PIN-FORMED 5 (PIN5), a cytokinin-activated intracellular transporter that pumps auxin from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum, and on irreversible auxin conjugation mediated by the IAA-amino synthase GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.17 (GH3.17). By titrating auxin in the LRC, the PIN5 and the GH3.17 genes control auxin levels in the entire root meristem. Overall, our results indicate that the LRC serves as an auxin sink that, under the control of cytokinin, regulates meristem size and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa - via L. Ghini, 13 - 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Noemi Svolacchia
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70 - 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70 - 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pierdonati
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70 - 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Salvi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70 - 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pedrazzini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Via Alfonso Corti, 12 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Via Alfonso Corti, 12 - 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Perilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70 - 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70 - 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70 - 00185 Rome, Italy.
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14
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Nardi GM, Grassi R, Grassi FR, Aragona SE, Rapone B, Della Vella F, Sabatini S. Use of photobiomodulation induced by polarized polychromatic non-coherent light in the management of adult chronic periodontitis. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:293-297. [PMID: 30666859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G M Nardi
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - R Grassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - F R Grassi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - S E Aragona
- Humanitas Mater Domini Hospital, Castellanza (VA), Italy
| | - B Rapone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - F Della Vella
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - S Sabatini
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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15
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Di Mambro R, Sabatini S, Dello Ioio R. Patterning the Axes: A Lesson from the Root. Plants (Basel) 2018; 8:plants8010008. [PMID: 30602700 PMCID: PMC6358898 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How the body plan is established and maintained in multicellular organisms is a central question in developmental biology. Thanks to its simple and symmetric structure, the root represents a powerful tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of developmental axes. Plant roots show two main axes along which cells pass through different developmental stages and acquire different fates: the root proximodistal axis spans longitudinally from the hypocotyl junction (proximal) to the root tip (distal), whereas the radial axis spans transversely from the vasculature tissue (centre) to the epidermis (outer). Both axes are generated by stereotypical divisions occurring during embryogenesis and are maintained post-embryonically. Here, we review the latest scientific advances on how the correct formation of root proximodistal and radial axes is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via L. Ghini, 13-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma "Sapienza", via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma "Sapienza", via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy.
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16
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17
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Pacifici E, Di Mambro R, Dello Ioio R, Costantino P, Sabatini S. Acidic cell elongation drives cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201899134. [PMID: 30012836 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular systems, the control of cell size is fundamental in regulating the development and growth of the different organs and of the whole organism. In most systems, major changes in cell size can be observed during differentiation processes where cells change their volume to adapt their shape to their final function. How relevant changes in cell volume are in driving the differentiation program is a long-standing fundamental question in developmental biology. In the Arabidopsis root meristem, characteristic changes in the size of the distal meristematic cells identify cells that initiated the differentiation program. Here, we show that changes in cell size are essential for the initial steps of cell differentiation and that these changes depend on the concomitant activation by the plant hormone cytokinin of the EXPAs proteins and the AHA1 and AHA2 proton pumps. These findings identify a growth module that builds on a synergy between cytokinin-dependent pH modification and wall remodeling to drive differentiation through the mechanical control of cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pacifici
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Biologia e Medicina Molecolari, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gonzales
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dep. of Internal Medicine, Lubbock, Texas - USA
| | - S. Sabatini
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dep. of Internal Medicine, Lubbock, Texas - USA
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19
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Di Ruocco G, Bertolotti G, Pacifici E, Polverari L, Tsiantis M, Sabatini S, Costantino P, Dello Ioio R. Differential spatial distribution of miR165/6 determines variability in plant root anatomy. Development 2018; 145:dev.153858. [PMID: 29158439 DOI: 10.1242/dev.153858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A clear example of interspecific variation is the number of root cortical layers in plants. The genetic mechanisms underlying this variability are poorly understood, partly because of the lack of a convenient model. Here, we demonstrate that Cardamine hirsuta, unlike Arabidopsis thaliana, has two cortical layers that are patterned during late embryogenesis. We show that a miR165/6-dependent distribution of the HOMEODOMAIN LEUCINE ZIPPER III (HD-ZIPIII) transcription factor PHABULOSA (PHB) controls this pattern. Our findings reveal that interspecies variation in miRNA distribution can determine differences in anatomy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Di Ruocco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Bertolotti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pacifici
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Polverari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Miltos Tsiantis
- Department of Comparative Development and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Biologia e Biotecnologie and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
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20
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Salvi E, Di Mambro R, Pacifici E, Dello Ioio R, Costantino P, Moubayidin L, Sabatini S. SCARECROW and SHORTROOT control the auxin/cytokinin balance necessary for embryonic stem cell niche specification. Plant Signal Behav 2018; 13:e1507402. [PMID: 30125145 PMCID: PMC6149437 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1507402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The root apical meristem is established during embryogenesis, when its organizer, the quiescent center, is specified and the stem cell niche is positioned. The SCARECROW-SHORTROOT heterodimer is essential for quiescent center specification and maintenance. As continuous post-embryonic root growth relies upon the SCARECROW-mediated control of the cytokinin/auxin balance, we investigated the role of SCARECROW and SHORTROOT in controlling cytokinin signaling during embryonic quiescent center specification. We found that from embryogenesis onward both SCARECROW and SHORTROOT antagonize cytokinin signaling, thus repressing the expression of the auxin biosynthetic enzyme ANTRANILATHE SYNTHASE BETA 1. This mechanism prevents detrimental and premature high auxin levels in the QC allowing the establishment of a functional embryonic root pole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Salvi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elena Pacifici
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Dello Ioio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- CONTACT Laila Moubayidin Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH, Norwich, UK; Sabrina Sabatini Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Plant postembryonic development takes place in region called meristems that represent a reserve of undifferentiated cells. In the root meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana, all tissues originate from a stem-cell niche. Stem-cell daughters undergo a finite number of cell divisions until they reach the transition zone where divisions cease and cells start to differentiate. For meristem maintenance, and therefore continuous root growth, the rate of cell differentiation must equal the rate of generation of new cells. How this balance is achieved is a central question in plant biology. In this chapter we described protocols to help the operator in approaching developmental studies on the Arabidopsis root meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Sabatini S, Lauritano D, Candotto V, Silvestre FJ, Nardi GM. Oral probiotics in the management of gingivitis in diabetic patients: a double blinded randomized controlled study. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:197-202. [PMID: 28691473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are more prone to develop infections such as periodontal diseases. Bacteriotherapy with the concept of using good bacterial strains to replace the pathogenic ones emerged as a fascinating field due to the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a particular combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobaciullus Reuteri ATCC PTA 5289) is useful in treating gingivitis in diabetic patients. Eighty adult patients with diagnosis of controlled diabetes type II and gingivitis were enrolled for this study and randomized in two groups. Only oral hygiene instructions were given. Bacteriotherapy (Lactobacillus Reuteri) was administered to test group. Outcome measures were presence of Plaque (P.I.) and Bleeding on Probing (B.O.P.). Data were collected at baseline and after 30 days. At 30 days, both groups showed a statistically significant clinical indexes reduction from baseline. More reduction was present in the test group for P.I. (14%±6) and for B.O.P. (18%±4) and was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, bacteriotherapy can be considered effective in reducing plaque and BOP in patients with controlled diabetes type II and gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabatini
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - V Candotto
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F J Silvestre
- Stomatology and Oral Surgery, Dr Peset University Hospital, Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - G M Nardi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome
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Sabatini S, Ricci M, Candotto V, Lauritano D, Nardi GM. Effects of the application of high-pressure oxygen on the treatment of periodontal disease in diabetic patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:412-423. [PMID: 29682259 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose In this study we wanted to observe the improvement in the healing of periodontal tissues in a group of diabetic patients treated with traditional methods compared to another group treated with the addition of oxygen.The potential of oxygen has long been known in the field of plastic surgery, where it is used to treat burns and skin lesions. Materials and methods This study consists in a split mouth study which involved 30 patients. We carefully treated them with periodontal therapy using manual and mechanical instrumentation. Then, we applied oxygen in half mouth according to randomization list. Finally we checked up patients after some weeks. Results Our results highlight that all areas treated with oxygen application healed more rapidly and better than no treated areas. Conclusions All in all, we have demonstrated that oxygen can improve the outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabatini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ricci
- Private practice, Sarzana (SP), Italy
| | - V Candotto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano "Bicocca", Monza, Italy
| | - G M Nardi
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Nardi GM, Sabatini S, Lauritano D, Silvestre F, Petruzzi M. Effectiveness of two different desensitizing varnishes in reducing tooth sensitivity: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Oral Implantol (Rome) 2016; 9:185-189. [PMID: 28042447 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.4.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two different desensitizing varnishes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety healthy adults suffering from tooth sensitivity were divided into three groups. Two different varnishes were used for the study: Fluor Protector S, containing 7700 ppm fluoride (group I), and Cervitec F, containing 1400 ppm fluoride and 0.3% chlorhexidine (group II). A placebo containing water and ethanol was applied for the third group. Tooth sensitivity was collected according the Schiff' scale at baseline and after 30 and 90 days. RESULTS Group I and group II improved with statistically significant results. Group III did not show any improvements. CONCLUSIONS Desensitizing varnishes are a valid treatment for tooth hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Nardi
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Sabatini
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - F Silvestre
- Departimento de Estomatologia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine (DIM) - Section of Dentistry, University "Aldo Moro" of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Moubayidin L, Salvi E, Giustini L, Terpstra I, Heidstra R, Costantino P, Sabatini S. A SCARECROW-based regulatory circuit controls Arabidopsis thaliana meristem size from the root endodermis. Planta 2016; 243:1159-68. [PMID: 26848984 PMCID: PMC4837209 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SCARECROW controls Arabidopsis root meristem size from the root endodermis tissue by regulating the DELLA protein RGA that in turn mediates the regulation of ARR1 levels at the transition zone. Coherent organ growth requires a fine balance between cell division and cell differentiation. Intriguingly, plants continuously develop organs post-embryonically thanks to the activity of meristems that allow growth and environmental plasticity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, continued root growth is assured when division of the distal stem cell and their daughters is balanced with cell differentiation at the meristematic transition zone (TZ). We have previously shown that at the TZ, the cytokinin-dependent transcription factor ARR1 controls the rate of differentiation commitment of meristematic cells and that its activities are coordinated with those of the distal stem cells by the gene SCARECROW (SCR). In the stem cell organizer (the quiescent center, QC), SCR directly suppresses ARR1 both sustaining stem cell activities and titrating non-autonomously the ARR1 transcript levels at the TZ via auxin. Here, we show that SCR also exerts a fine control on ARR1 levels at the TZ from the endodermis by sustaining gibberellin signals. From the endodermis, SCR controls the RGA REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA) DELLA protein stability throughout the root meristem, thus controlling ARR1 transcriptional activation at the TZ. This guarantees robustness and fineness to the control of ARR1 levels necessary to balance cell division to cell differentiation in sustaining coherent root growth. Therefore, this work advances the state of the art in the field of root meristem development by integrating the activity of three hormones, auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin, under the control of different tissue-specific activities of a single root key regulator, SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Moubayidin
- />Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- />Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Elena Salvi
- />Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- />Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Inez Terpstra
- />Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Faculty of Science, SILS, University of Amsterdam, POSTBUS 94215, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renze Heidstra
- />Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- />Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Costantino
- />Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- />Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Franciosini A, Moubayidin L, Du K, Matari NH, Boccaccini A, Butera S, Vittorioso P, Sabatini S, Jenik PD, Costantino P, Serino G. The COP9 SIGNALOSOME Is Required for Postembryonic Meristem Maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant 2015; 8:1623-34. [PMID: 26277260 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) regulate different aspects of plant development and are activated by modification of their cullin subunit with the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (NEural precursor cell expressed Developmentally Down-regulated 8) (neddylation) and deactivated by NEDD8 removal (deneddylation). The constitutively photomorphogenic9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) acts as a molecular switch of CRLs activity by reverting their neddylation status, but its contribution to embryonic and early seedling development remains poorly characterized. Here, we analyzed the phenotypic defects of csn mutants and monitored the cullin deneddylation/neddylation ratio during embryonic and early seedling development. We show that while csn mutants can complete embryogenesis (albeit at a slower pace than wild-type) and are able to germinate (albeit at a reduced rate), they progressively lose meristem activity upon germination until they become unable to sustain growth. We also show that the majority of cullin proteins are progressively neddylated during the late stages of seed maturation and become deneddylated upon seed germination. This developmentally regulated shift in the cullin neddylation status is absent in csn mutants. We conclude that the CSN and its cullin deneddylation activity are required to sustain postembryonic meristem function in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Franciosini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Kaiqi Du
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003, USA
| | - Nahill H Matari
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003, USA
| | - Alessandra Boccaccini
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Butera
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vittorioso
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pablo D Jenik
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003, USA.
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Serino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
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Biancucci M, Mattioli R, Moubayidin L, Sabatini S, Costantino P, Trovato M. Proline affects the size of the root meristematic zone in Arabidopsis. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:263. [PMID: 26514776 PMCID: PMC4625561 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported previously that root elongation in Arabidopsis is promoted by exogenous proline, raising the possibility that this amino acid may modulate root growth. RESULTS To evaluate this hypothesis we used a combination of genetic, pharmacological and molecular analyses, and showed that proline specifically affects root growth by modulating the size of the root meristem. The effects of proline on meristem size are parallel to, and independent from, hormonal pathways, and do not involve the expression of genes controlling cell differentiation at the transition zone. On the contrary, proline appears to control cell division in early stages of postembryonic root development, as shown by the expression of the G2/M-specific CYCLINB1;1 (CYCB1;1) gene. CONCLUSIONS The overall data suggest that proline can modulate the size of root meristematic zone in Arabidopsis likely controlling cell division and, in turn, the ratio between cell division and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biancucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Trovato
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Calcium plays a pivotal role in cell adhesion, ATPase function, and in membrane permeability. The molecular mechanism for these diverse actions include: hormonal factors, activation of intracellular mediators, and physical factors such as ionic mobility and pH. To further examine the effects of one physical factor, pH, we designed studies examining Ca transport in the isolated turtle bladder epithelium. This tissue is a high-resistance epithelium which reabsorbs Na and secretes H+. The turtle has only rudimentary parathyroid tissue, the gland does not respond to a lowered plasma Ca, and cyclic AMP is not a primary intracellular mediator. In a series of in vitro experiments, we examined Ca metabolism under conditions simulating metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. Acidosis markedly inhibited the mucosa-to-serosa Ca flux, while alkalosis stimulated it. The effect of acidosis on the mucosa-to-serosa Ca flux was independent of Na transport. Changing serosal pH had no effect on the serosa-to-mucosa Ca flux or on proton secretion. Total tissue Ca concentration, measured using atomic absorption spectrometry, was identical when the extracellular pH varied from 5.4 to 8.4. When epithelial cells were isolated and Ca uptake was measured over a wide pH range, a linear increase in uptake was seen as pH was increased from 4.4 to 8.4. In separated turtle bladder epithelial cells ATP-dependent Ca transport, in the mitochondrial-rich cells, was 4- to 5-fold higher than activity found in the granular cells. The mitochondrial-rich cells comprise approximately 20% of the total epithelial surface and are thought to be the cells primarily involved in proton secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabatini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock
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Abstract
Root indeterminate growth and its outstanding ability to produce new tissues continuously make this organ a highly dynamic structure able to respond promptly to external environmental stimuli. Developmental processes therefore need to be finely tuned, and hormonal cross-talk plays a pivotal role in the regulation of root growth. In contrast to what happens in animals, plant development is a post-embryonic process. A pool of stem cells, placed in a niche at the apex of the meristem, is a source of self-renewing cells that provides cells for tissue formation. During the first days post-germination, the meristem reaches its final size as a result of a balance between cell division and cell differentiation. A complex network of interactions between hormonal pathways co-ordinates such developmental inputs. In recent years, by means of molecular and computational approaches, many efforts have been made aiming to define the molecular components of these networks. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms at the basis of hormone cross-talk during root meristem size determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pacifici
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Polverari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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31
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Nardi GM, Sabatini S, Lauritano D, Denisi C, Grassi FR. Management of biofilm control in an elderly patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis: a case report. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:991-4. [PMID: 24355237 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the average age of the population forces dentists and dental hygienists to deal with clinical scenarios typical of the elderly. In old people deep changes present both in systemic and oral health. These changes affect the anatomical and functional integrity of many tissues, such as the mouth. Impairment of patients' oral hygiene becomes manifested by local infections and promotes the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. There is also a significant increase in autoimmune diseases, which are defined as disorders of the immune system that result in abnormal immune responses. Among the autoimmune diseases of medical interest we report a case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) strictly related to periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Nardi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Sabatini
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Lauritano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medical and Surgical Science, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - F R Grassi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Moubayidin L, Di Mambro R, Sozzani R, Pacifici E, Salvi E, Terpstra I, Bao D, van Dijken A, Dello Ioio R, Perilli S, Ljung K, Benfey PN, Heidstra R, Costantino P, Sabatini S. Spatial coordination between stem cell activity and cell differentiation in the root meristem. Dev Cell 2013; 26:405-15. [PMID: 23987513 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical issue in development is the coordination of the activity of stem cell niches with differentiation of their progeny to ensure coherent organ growth. In the plant root, these processes take place at opposite ends of the meristem and must be coordinated with each other at a distance. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, the gene SCR presides over this spatial coordination. In the organizing center of the root stem cell niche, SCR directly represses the expression of the cytokinin-response transcription factor ARR1, which promotes cell differentiation, controlling auxin production via the ASB1 gene and sustaining stem cell activity. This allows SCR to regulate, via auxin, the level of ARR1 expression in the transition zone where the stem cell progeny leaves the meristem, thus controlling the rate of differentiation. In this way, SCR simultaneously controls stem cell division and differentiation, ensuring coherent root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Moubayidin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università di Roma, Sapienza, via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
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Perilli S, Perez-Perez JM, Di Mambro R, Peris CL, Díaz-Triviño S, Del Bianco M, Pierdonati E, Moubayidin L, Cruz-Ramírez A, Costantino P, Scheres B, Sabatini S. RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED protein stimulates cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root meristem by interacting with cytokinin signaling. Plant Cell 2013; 25:4469-78. [PMID: 24285791 PMCID: PMC3875730 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.116632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of mitotic cell clusters such as meristematic cells depends on their capacity to maintain the balance between cell division and cell differentiation necessary to control organ growth. In the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem, the antagonistic interaction of two hormones, auxin and cytokinin, regulates this balance by positioning the transition zone, where mitotically active cells lose their capacity to divide and initiate their differentiation programs. In animals, a major regulator of both cell division and cell differentiation is the tumor suppressor protein RETINOBLASTOMA. Here, we show that similarly to its homolog in animal systems, the plant RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) protein regulates the differentiation of meristematic cells at the transition zone by allowing mRNA accumulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR19 (ARF19), a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation. We show that both RBR and the cytokinin-dependent transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 are required to activate the transcription of ARF19, which is involved in promoting cell differentiation and thus root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Perilli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - José Manuel Perez-Perez
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Llavata Peris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Díaz-Triviño
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Del Bianco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pierdonati
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ben Scheres
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Siervo M, Sabatini S, Fewtrell MS, Wells JCK. Acute effects of violent video-game playing on blood pressure and appetite perception in normal-weight young men: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1322-4. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The development of plant root systems is characterized by a high plasticity, made possible by the continual propagation of new meristems. Root architecture is fundamental for overall plant growth, abiotic stress resistance, nutrient uptake, and response to environmental changes. Understanding the function of genes and proteins that control root architecture and stress resistance will contribute to the development of more sustainable systems of intensified crop production. To meet these challenges, proteomics provide the genome-wide scale characterization of protein expression pattern, subcellular localization, post-translational modifications, activity regulation, and molecular interactions. In this review, we describe a variety of proteomic strategies that have been applied to study the proteome of the whole organ and of specific cell types during root development. Each has advantages and limitations, but collectively they are providing important insights into the mechanisms by which auxin structures and patterns the root system and into the interplay between signaling networks, auxin transport and growth. The acquisition of proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data sets of the root apex on the cell scale has revealed the high spatial complexity of regulatory networks and fosters the use of new powerful proteomic tools for a full understanding of the control of root developmental processes and environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Mattei
- Department Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome , Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mumoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile Livorno, viale Alfieri 36, 57100 Livorno, Italy.
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Del Bianco M, Giustini L, Sabatini S. Spatiotemporal changes in the role of cytokinin during root development. New Phytol 2013; 199:324-338. [PMID: 23692218 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The root is a dynamic system whose structure is regulated by a complex network of interactions between hormones. The primary root meristem is specified in the embryo. After germination, the primary root meristem grows and then reaches a final size that will be maintained during the life of the plant. Subsequently, secondary structures such as lateral roots and root nodules form via the re-specification of differentiated cells. Cytokinin plays key roles in the regulation of root development. Down-regulation of the cytokinin response is required for the specification of a new stem cell niche, during both embryo and lateral root development. In the root meristem, cytokinin signalling regulates the longitudinal zonation of the meristem by controlling cell differentiation. Moreover, cytokinin regulates radial patterning of root vasculature by promoting protophloem cell identity and by spatially inhibiting protoxylem formation. In this review, an effort is made to describe the known details of the role of cytokinin during root development, taking into account also the interactions between cytokinin and other hormones. Attention is given on the dynamicity of cytokinin signalling output during different developmental events. Indeed, there is much evidence that the effects of cytokinin change as organs grow, underlining the importance of the spatiotemporal specificity of cytokinin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Del Bianco
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70-00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Roma, Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70-00185, Rome, Italy
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Belardi V, Fiore E, Giustarini E, Muller I, Sabatini S, Rosellini V, Seregni E, Agresti R, Marcocci C, Vitti P, Giani C. Is the risk of primary hyperparathyroidism increased in patients with untreated breast cancer? J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:321-5. [PMID: 22931931 DOI: 10.3275/8580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased frequency of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) has been reported in patients with treated breast cancer (BC). PHP has been found in about 7% of BC patients after surgery and radio-, chemio- or hormonal therapy. AIM To evaluate the frequency of PHP in untreated BC patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We evaluated 186 women with BC and 233 women with thyroid cancer (TC, no.=122) or benign thyroid diseases (BTD, no.=111). In all patients, serum calcium, albumin, PTH, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH vitD) were measured before any treatment. RESULTS Serum calcium concentrations were significantly higher in BC than in TC and BTD groups (median values 9.5 mg/dl, 9.3 mg/dl and 9.3 mg/dl, respectively) but, according to a logistic regression model, calcium was not significantly different between the 3 groups when age was taken into account. In all patients, serum calcium was in the normal range, indicating that no case of overt PHP was present. Five patients (1 in BC, 2 in TC, and 2 in BDT groups) had serum calcium close to the upper limit of normal range, high PTH and low 25-OH vitD, indicating a possible PHP with hypercalcemia masked by concomitant 25-OH vitD deficiency. CONCLUSIONS In untreated BC group, no patient had overt PHP and 1/186 (0.5%) presented a possible PHP masked by 25-OH vitD deficiency, a PHP frequency much lower than that observed in treated BC patients. These data suggest that the treatments of BC may be responsible for the increased frequency of PHP reported in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Belardi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Pittaluga M, Sgadari A, Tavazzi B, Fantini C, Sabatini S, Ceci R, Amorini AM, Parisi P, Caporossi D. Exercise-induced oxidative stress in elderly subjects: the effect of red orange supplementation on the biochemical and cellular response to a single bout of intense physical activity. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:202-11. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.761696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sabatini S. Everything you always wanted to know about auxin but were afraid to ask. Development 2012. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.084533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi 70, Rome 00185, Italy
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Dello Ioio R, Galinha C, Fletcher A, Grigg S, Molnar A, Willemsen V, Scheres B, Sabatini S, Baulcombe D, Maini P, Tsiantis M. A PHABULOSA/Cytokinin Feedback Loop Controls Root Growth in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2012; 22:1699-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim K, Ryu H, Cho YH, Scacchi E, Sabatini S, Hwang I. Cytokinin-facilitated proteolysis of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 attenuates signaling output in two-component circuitry. Plant J 2012; 69:934-45. [PMID: 22050482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins propagate signals via multiple phosphorelays in a mechanism similar to bacterial two-component systems. In Arabidopsis, signal outputs are determined by the activation state of transcription factors termed type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs); however, their regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the proteolysis of ARR2, a type-B ARR, modulates cytokinin signaling outputs. ARR2-hemagglutinin (HA) is rapidly degraded by cytokinin treatment, but other type-B ARRs, such as ARR1-HA, ARR10-HA, ARR12-HA and ARR18-HA, are not. ARR2 degradation is mediated by the 26S proteasome pathway, and requires cytokinin-induced phosphorylation of Asp80 residue in the receiver domain. Through mutational analysis of amino acid residues in the receiver domain, we found that substitution of Lys90 with Gly inhibits ARR2 degradation. ARR2(K90G) -HA in transgenic Arabidopsis conferred enhanced cytokinin sensitivity in various developmental processes, including primary root elongation, callus induction, leaf senescence and hypocotyl growth. ARR2(K90G) -HA increased the expression of type-A ARRs, primary cytokinin-responsive genes and indicators of signaling output in two-component circuits. Expression of ARR2(K90G) -HA from the native ARR2 promoter in the arr2-4 knock-out mutant also increased cytokinin sensitivity. In conclusion, ARR2 proteolysis is involved in the maintenance of the primary signaling output for normal developmental processes mediated by cytokinin in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Research Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Perilli S, Di Mambro R, Sabatini S. Growth and development of the root apical meristem. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2012; 15:17-23. [PMID: 22079783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A key question in plant developmental biology is how cell division and cell differentiation are balanced to modulate organ growth and shape organ size. In recent years, several advances have been made in understanding how this balance is achieved during root development. In the Arabidopsis root meristem, stem cells in the apical region of the meristem self-renew and produce daughter cells that differentiate in the distal meristem transition zone. Several factors have been implicated in controlling the different functional zones of the root meristem to modulate root growth; among these, plant hormones have been shown to play a main role. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the role of hormone signaling and transcriptional networks in regulating root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Perilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Università Sapienza - via dei Sardi, 70-00185 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfonated form dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) are the main circulating steroid hormones and many epidemiological studies show an inverse relationship between DHEA/DHEAS levels and muscle loss for which the primary cause is the accelerated protein breakdown. The aim of this work was to determine whether DHEA/DHEAS supplementation in differentiating C2C12 skeletal muscle cells might influence the expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase, MuRF-1, and thereby impact key molecules of the differentiation program. DHEA is the prohormone crucial for sex steroid synthesis, and DHEAS is thought to be its reservoir. However, our preliminary experiments showed that DHEAS, but not DHEA, is able to influence MuRF-1 expression. Therefore, we treated differentiating C2C12 cells with various concentrations of DHEAS and analyzed the expression of MuRF-1, Hsp70, myosin heavy chain (MHC), myogenin, and the activity of creatine kinase. We observed that DHEAS at physiological concentrations downregulates MuRF-1 expression and affects muscle differentiation, as shown by the increased levels of MHC, which is a sarcomeric protein that undergoes MuRF-1-dependent degradation, and also by an increase in creatine kinase activity and myogenin expression, which are two other well-known markers of differentiation. Moreover, we found that DHEAS might have a protective effect on differentiating cells as suggested by the augmented levels of Hsp70, a member of heat shock proteins family that, besides its cytoprotective action, seems to have a regulatory role on key atrophy genes such as MuRF-1. In conclusion, our data shed light on the role of DHEAS at physiologic concentrations in maintaining muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ceci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy.
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Stipa G, Frondizi D, Fanelli C, Rusciano F, Ferracchiato S, Sabatini S. P16.7 Statins and motor neuron disease: sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like syndrome? Report of 5 cases. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Aichinger E, Villar CB, Di Mambro R, Sabatini S, Köhler C. The CHD3 chromatin remodeler PICKLE and polycomb group proteins antagonistically regulate meristem activity in the Arabidopsis root. Plant Cell 2011; 23:1047-60. [PMID: 21441433 PMCID: PMC3082253 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.083352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin modifying Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are central regulators of cell identity that maintain a tightly controlled balance between cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The opposing activities of PcG and trxG proteins ensure the correct expression of specific transcriptional programs at defined developmental stages. Here, we report that the chromatin remodeling factor PICKLE (PKL) and the PcG protein CURLY LEAF (CLF) antagonistically determine root meristem activity. Whereas loss of PKL function caused a decrease in meristematic activity, loss of CLF function increased meristematic activity. Alterations of meristematic activity in pkl and clf mutants were not connected with changes in auxin concentration but correlated with decreased or increased expression of root stem cell and meristem marker genes, respectively. Root stem cell and meristem marker genes are modified by the PcG-mediated trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Decreased expression levels of root stem cell and meristem marker genes in pkl correlated with increased levels of H3K27me3, indicating that root meristem activity is largely controlled by the antagonistic activity of PcG proteins and PKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Aichinger
- Department of Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Centre, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corina B.R. Villar
- Department of Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Centre, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Köhler
- Department of Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Centre, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to
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Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Vittorini V, Pellizzoni A, Striani E, Caraveo P, Weisskopf MC, Tennant A, Pucella G, Trois A, Costa E, Evangelista Y, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Del Monte E, Campana R, Pilia M, De Luca A, Donnarumma I, Horns D, Ferrigno C, Heinke CO, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Vercellone S, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Contessi T, D’Ammando F, DeParis G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Fuschino F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Lucarelli F, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Salotti L, Bignami GF. Discovery of Powerful Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula. Science 2011; 331:736-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tavani
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Bulgarelli
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - V. Vittorini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Pellizzoni
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Poggio dei Pini, 09012 Capoterra, Italy
| | - E. Striani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Caraveo
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M. C. Weisskopf
- NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - A. Tennant
- NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
| | - G. Pucella
- Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente (ENEA) Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati(RM), Italy
| | - A. Trois
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - E. Costa
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Y. Evangelista
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C. Pittori
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F. Verrecchia
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E. Del Monte
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R. Campana
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Pilia
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Poggio dei Pini, 09012 Capoterra, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi dell’ Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - A. De Luca
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - I. Donnarumma
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - D. Horns
- Institut fuer Experimentalphysik, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - C. Ferrigno
- Integral Science Data Centre, University of Geneva, Geneva Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - C. O. Heinke
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - M. Trifoglio
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Gianotti
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Vercellone
- INAF-IASF Palermo, via La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - A. Argan
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Barbiellini
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A. W. Chen
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - T. Contessi
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F. D’Ammando
- INAF-IASF Palermo, via La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - G. DeParis
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G. Di Cocco
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Di Persio
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Feroci
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. Ferrari
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica Generale, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M. Galli
- ENEA Bologna, via don Fiammelli 2, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Giuliani
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M. Giusti
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
| | - C. Labanti
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - I. Lapshov
- Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Lazzarotto
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Lipari
- INFN Roma 1, p.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” p.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Longo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Fuschino
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Marisaldi
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Mereghetti
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Morelli
- INAF-IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Moretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Pacciani
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Perotti
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G. Piano
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Picozza
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M. Prest
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi dell’ Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - M. Rapisarda
- Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente (ENEA) Frascati, via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati(RM), Italy
| | | | - A. Rubini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - S. Sabatini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P. Soffitta
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica (INAF-IASF) Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - E. Vallazza
- INFN Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Zambra
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), villa Gualino, v.le Settimio Severo 63, 10133 Torino, Italy
- INAF-IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D. Zanello
- INFN Roma 1, p.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” p.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F. Lucarelli
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P. Santolamazza
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P. Giommi
- Agenzia Spatiale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, European Space Agency (ESA) Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - G. F. Bignami
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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48
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Tavani M, Marisaldi M, Labanti C, Fuschino F, Argan A, Trois A, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Pittori C, Palma F, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Bulgarelli A, Vittorini V, Verrecchia F, Salotti L, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, Contessi T, Costa E, D'Ammando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D. Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes as powerful particle accelerators. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:018501. [PMID: 21231775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.018501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Strong electric discharges associated with thunderstorms can produce terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), i.e., intense bursts of x rays and γ rays lasting a few milliseconds or less. We present in this Letter new TGF timing and spectral data based on the observations of the Italian Space Agency AGILE satellite. We determine that the TGF emission above 10 MeV has a significant power-law spectral component reaching energies up to 100 MeV. These results challenge TGF theoretical models based on runaway electron acceleration. The TGF discharge electric field accelerates particles over the large distances for which maximal voltages of hundreds of megavolts can be established. The combination of huge potentials and large electric fields in TGFs can efficiently accelerate particles in large numbers, and we reconsider here the photon spectrum and the neutron production by photonuclear reactions in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tavani
- INAF-IASF Roma, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
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49
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Moubayidin L, Perilli S, Ioio RD, Di Mambro R, Costantino P, Sabatini S. The rate of cell differentiation controls the Arabidopsis root meristem growth phase. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Marisaldi M, Argan A, Trois A, Giuliani A, Tavani M, Labanti C, Fuschino F, Bulgarelli A, Longo F, Barbiellini G, Del Monte E, Moretti E, Trifoglio M, Costa E, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, D'Ammando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Galli M, Gianotti F, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Piano G, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Striani E, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Giommi P, Lucarelli F, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Salotti L. Gamma-ray localization of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:128501. [PMID: 20867680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.128501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are very short bursts of high-energy photons and electrons originating in Earth's atmosphere. We present here a localization study of TGFs carried out at gamma-ray energies above 20 MeV based on an innovative event selection method. We use the AGILE satellite Silicon Tracker data that for the first time have been correlated with TGFs detected by the AGILE Mini-Calorimeter. We detect 8 TGFs with gamma-ray photons of energies above 20 MeV localized by the AGILE gamma-ray imager with an accuracy of ∼5-10° at 50 MeV. Remarkably, all TGF-associated gamma rays are compatible with a terrestrial production site closer to the subsatellite point than 400 km. Considering that our gamma rays reach the AGILE satellite at 540 km altitude with limited scattering or attenuation, our measurements provide the first precise direct localization of TGFs from space.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marisaldi
- INAF-IASF Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
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