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Andrade MT, Wanner SP, Santos WME, Mendes TT, Nunes-Leite MMS, de Oliveira GGA, Carmo AAL, Carvalho MV, Silami Garcia E, Soares DD. Ad libitum ice slurry ingestion and half-marathon performance in a hot environment: A study comparing the effects of the amount and moment of ingestion between ice slurry and water at 37 °C. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103781. [PMID: 38232473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ice slurry ingestion during prolonged exercises may improve performance in hot environments; however, the ideal amount and timing of ingestion are still uncertain. We determined whether ad libitum ice slurry ingestion influences physiological and perceptual variables and half-marathon performance while comparing the effects of the amount and moment of ingestion between ice slurry and water at 37 °C. Ten trained participants (28 ± 2 years; mean and SD) were required to run two half marathons while consuming either ice slurry (-1 °C; Ad-1) or water (37 °C; 37 CE) ad libitum. They then performed two other half marathons where, during one, they were required to ingest an amount of water equivalent to the amount consumed during the Ad-1 trial (Pro37), and in the other, to ingest ice slurry in the amount consumed during the 37 CE trial (Pro-1). During the half marathons, dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity were controlled at 33.1 ± 0.3 °C and 60 ± 3%, respectively. Ad-1 ingestion (349.6 ± 58.5 g) was 45% less than 37 CE ingestion (635.5 ± 135.8 g). Physical performance, heart rate, perceived exertion, body temperatures, and thermal perception were not influenced by the temperature or amount of beverage ingestion. However, a secondary analysis suggested that lower beverage ingestion was associated with improved performance (Ad-1 + Pro37 vs. 37 CE + Pro-1: -4.0 min, Cohen's d = 0.39), with a significant relationship between lower beverage ingestion and faster running time (b = 0.02, t = 4.01, p < 0.001). In conclusion, ice slurry ingestion does not affect performance or physiological or perceptual variables during a half marathon in a hot environment. Preliminary evidence suggests that lower beverage ingestion (ice slurry or warm water) is associated with improved performance compared to higher ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil; Psychology Program, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil.
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil
| | - Weslley M E Santos
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, (BA), Brazil
| | - Matheus M S Nunes-Leite
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil
| | - Gustavo G A de Oliveira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil
| | - Adriano A L Carmo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil
| | - Moisés V Carvalho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil; Department of Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Do Estado de Minas Gerais, Ibirité, (MG), Brazil
| | - Emerson Silami Garcia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, (MG), Brazil
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2
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Rodrigues JFC, Mendes TT, Gomes PF, Silami-Garcia E, Amorim FT, Sevilio MNO, Rossi FE, Wanner SP. Reduced running performance and greater perceived exertion, but similar post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue in tropical natives subjected to a 10 km self-paced run in a hot compared to a temperate environment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290081. [PMID: 37590220 PMCID: PMC10434900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental heat stress impairs endurance performance by enhancing exercise-induced physiological and perceptual responses. However, the time course of these responses during self-paced running, particularly when comparing hot and temperate conditions, still needs further clarification. Moreover, monitoring fatigue induced by exercise is paramount to prescribing training and recovery adequately, but investigations on the effects of a hot environment on post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue are scarce. This study compared the time course of physiological and perceptual responses during a 10 km self-paced treadmill run (as fast as possible) between temperate (25°C) and hot (35°C) conditions. We also investigated the changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) performance following exercise in these two ambient temperatures. Thirteen recreational long-distance runners (11 men and 2 women), inhabitants of a tropical region, completed the two experimental trials in a randomized order. Compared to 25°C, participants had transiently higher body core temperature (TCORE) and consistently greater perceived exertion while running at 35°C (p < 0.05). These changes were associated with a slower pace, evidenced by an additional 14 ± 5 min (mean ± SD) to complete the 10 km at 35°C than at 25°C (p < 0.05). Before, immediately after, and 1 h after the self-paced run, the participants performed CMJs to evaluate lower limb neuromuscular fatigue. CMJ height was reduced by 7.0% (2.3 ± 2.4 cm) at 1 h after the race (p < 0.05) compared to pre-exercise values; environmental conditions did not influence this reduction. In conclusion, despite the reduced endurance performance, higher perceived exertion, and transiently augmented TCORE caused by environmental heat stress, post-exercise neuromuscular fatigue is similar between temperate and hot conditions. This finding suggests that the higher external load (faster speed) at 25°C compensates for the effects of more significant perceptual responses at 35°C in inducing neuromuscular fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson F. C. Rodrigues
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago T. Mendes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F. Gomes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silami-Garcia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiano T. Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Mário N. O. Sevilio
- Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Fabrício E. Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group and Laboratory of Muscle Performance, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Science and Health, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Samuel P. Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Andrade MT, Nunes‐Leite MMS, Bruzzi RS, Souza CH, Uendeles‐Pinto JP, Prado LS, Soares DD, Gonçalves DAP, Coimbra CC, Wanner SP. Predicting the body core temperature of recreational athletes at the end of a 10 km self-paced run under environmental heat stress. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:852-864. [PMID: 37018484 PMCID: PMC10988464 DOI: 10.1113/ep091017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The aim was to identify the factors predicting the body core temperature of athletes at the end of a 10 km self-paced run in a hot environment. What is the main finding and its importance? Hyperthermia in athletes subjected to self-paced running depends on several factors, highlighting the integrated control of core temperature during exercise under environmental heat stress. Five of the seven variables that significantly predicted core temperature are not invasive and, therefore, practical for use outside the laboratory environment: heart rate, sweat rate, wet-bulb globe temperature, running speed and maximal oxygen consumption. ABSTRACT Measurement of body core temperature (Tcore ) is paramount to determining the thermoregulatory strain of athletes. However, standard measurement procedures of Tcore are not practical for extended use outside the laboratory environment. Therefore, determining the factors that predict Tcore during a self-paced run is crucial for creating more effective strategies to minimize the heat-induced impairment of endurance performance and reduce the occurrence of exertional heatstroke. The aim of this study was to identify the factors predicting Tcore values attained at the end of a 10 km time trial (end-Tcore ) under environmental heat stress. Initially, we extracted data obtained from 75 recordings of recreationally trained men and women. Next, we ran hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses to understand the predictive power of the following variables: wet-bulb globe temperature, average running speed, initial Tcore , body mass, differences between Tcore and skin temperature (Tskin ), sweat rate, maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate and change in body mass. Our data indicated that Tcore increased continuously during exercise, attaining 39.6 ± 0.5°C (mean ± SD) after 53.9 ± 7.5 min of treadmill running. This end-Tcore value was primarily predicted by heart rate, sweat rate, differences between Tcore and Tskin , wet-bulb globe temperature, initial Tcore , running speed and maximal oxygen uptake, in this order of importance (β power values corresponded to 0.462, -0.395, 0.393, 0.327, 0.277, 0.244 and 0.228, respectively). In conclusion, several factors predict Tcore in athletes subjected to self-paced running under environmental heat stress. Moreover, considering the conditions investigated, heart rate and sweat rate, two practical (non-invasive) variables, have the highest predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T. Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Matheus M. S. Nunes‐Leite
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Rúbio S. Bruzzi
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Carlos H. Souza
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - João P. Uendeles‐Pinto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Luciano S. Prado
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
- Sports Training Center, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Danusa D. Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Dawit A. P. Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
- Sports Training Center, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Cândido C. Coimbra
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Samuel P. Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational TherapyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
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Andrade MT, Barbosa NHS, Souza-Junior RCS, Fonseca CG, Damasceno WC, Regina-Oliveira K, Drummond LR, Bittencourt MA, Kunstetter AC, Andrade PVR, Hudson ASR, Paula PH, Teixeira-Coelho F, Coimbra CC, Pires W, Wanner SP. Determinants of body core temperatures at fatigue in rats subjected to incremental-speed exercise: The prominent roles of ambient temperature, distance traveled, initial core temperature, and measurement site. Int J Biometeorol 2023; 67:761-775. [PMID: 36935415 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that underlie the physical exercise-induced increase in body core temperature (TCORE) is essential to developing strategies to counteract hyperthermic fatigue and reduce the risk of exertional heatstroke. This study analyzed the contribution of six factors to TCORE attained at fatigue in Wistar rats (n = 218) subjected to incremental-speed treadmill running: ambient temperature (TAMB), distance traveled, initial TCORE, body mass, measurement site, and heat loss index (HLI). First, we ran hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses with data from different studies conducted in our laboratory (n = 353 recordings). We observed that TAMB, distance traveled, initial TCORE, and measurement site were the variables with predictive power. Next, regression analyses were conducted with data for each of the following TCORE indices: abdominal (TABD), brain cortex (TBRAIN), or colonic (TCOL) temperature. Our findings indicated that TAMB, distance traveled (i.e., an exercise performance-related variable), initial TCORE, and HLI predicted the three TCORE indices at fatigue. Most intriguingly, HLI was inversely related to TABD and TBRAIN but positively associated with TCOL. Lastly, we compared the temperature values at fatigue among these TCORE indices, and the following descendent order was noticed - TCOL, TABD, and TBRAIN - irrespective of TAMB where experiments were conducted. In conclusion, TCORE in rats exercised to fatigue depends primarily on environmental conditions, performance, pre-exercise TCORE, and measurement site. Moreover, the influence of cutaneous heat loss on TCOL is qualitatively different from the influence on TABD and TBRAIN, and the temperature values at fatigue are not homogenous within the body core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicolas H S Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberto C S Souza-Junior
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cletiana G Fonseca
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - William C Damasceno
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kássya Regina-Oliveira
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Drummond
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade Divinópolis, MG, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Myla A Bittencourt
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana C Kunstetter
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro V R Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S R Hudson
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Paula
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Francisco Teixeira-Coelho
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, MG, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Washington Pires
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Garami A, Steiner AA, Pakai E, Wanner SP, Almeida MC, Keringer P, Oliveira DL, Nakamura K, Morrison SF, Romanovsky AA. The neural pathway of the hyperthermic response to antagonists of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel. Temperature (Austin) 2023; 10:136-154. [PMID: 37187834 PMCID: PMC10177699 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2171671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified the neural pathway of the hyperthermic response to TRPV1 antagonists. We showed that hyperthermia induced by i.v. AMG0347, AMG 517, or AMG8163 did not occur in rats with abdominal sensory nerves desensitized by pretreatment with a low i.p. dose of resiniferatoxin (RTX, TRPV1 agonist). However, neither bilateral vagotomy nor bilateral transection of the greater splanchnic nerve attenuated AMG0347-induced hyperthermia. Yet, this hyperthermia was attenuated by bilateral high cervical transection of the spinal dorsolateral funiculus (DLF). To explain the extra-splanchnic, spinal mediation of TRPV1 antagonist-induced hyperthermia, we proposed that abdominal signals that drive this hyperthermia originate in skeletal muscles - not viscera. If so, in order to prevent TRPV1 antagonist-induced hyperthermia, the desensitization caused by i.p. RTX should spread into the abdominal-wall muscles. Indeed, we found that the local hypoperfusion response to capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) in the abdominal-wall muscles was absent in i.p. RTX-desensitized rats. We then showed that the most upstream (lateral parabrachial, LPB) and the most downstream (rostral raphe pallidus) nuclei of the intrabrain pathway that controls autonomic cold defenses are also required for the hyperthermic response to i.v. AMG0347. Injection of muscimol (inhibitor of neuronal activity) into the LPB or injection of glycine (inhibitory neurotransmitter) into the raphe blocked the hyperthermic response to i.v. AMG0347, whereas i.v. AMG0347 increased the number of c-Fos cells in the raphe. We conclude that the neural pathway of TRPV1 antagonist-induced hyperthermia involves TRPV1-expressing sensory nerves in trunk muscles, the DLF, and the same LPB-raphe pathway that controls autonomic cold defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Garami
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Alexandre A. Steiner
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eszter Pakai
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Samuel P. Wanner
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M. Camila Almeida
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrik Keringer
- Department of Thermophysiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Daniela L. Oliveira
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shaun F. Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrej A. Romanovsky
- Thermoregulation and Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Arizona, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Zharko Pharma, Inc., Olympia, WA, USA
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Horta NAC, Fernandes P, Cardoso TSR, Machado FSM, Drummond LR, Coimbra CC, Wanner SP, Maria L Castrucci A, Poletini MO. TRPV1 inactivation alters core body temperature and serum corticosterone levels: Impacts on clock genes expression in the liver and adrenal glands. J Therm Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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7
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Carmo AAL, Goulart KNO, Cabido CET, Martins YAT, Santos GCF, Shang FLT, Prado LS, Soares DD, de Mello MT, Mendes TT, Silami-Garcia E, Wanner SP. Active warm-up and time-of-day effects on repeated-sprint performance and post-exercise recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:49-64. [PMID: 36152058 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of both an active warm-up and the time-of-day variation on repeated-sprint performance. A second objective was to compare the post-exercise recovery between the experimental conditions. METHODS Eleven male participants performed ten maximal cycling sprints (6 s each, with a 30-s interval between them) in the morning and late afternoon, either after a warm-up or control condition. The warm-up consisted of cycling for 10 min at 50% of the peak aerobic power. RESULTS Rest measurements of rectal, muscle, and skin temperatures were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (p < 0.05), with no significant differences in heart rate (p = 0.079) and blood lactate concentration (p = 0.300). Warm-up increased muscle temperature, heart rate, and lactate, and reduced skin temperature (all p < 0.001), though no significant differences were observed for rectal temperature (p = 0.410). The number of revolutions (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.375), peak (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.375), and mean (p = 0.037, ηp2 = 0.365) power of the first sprint (not the average of ten sprints) were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning, regardless of warm-up. However, beneficial performance effects of warming up were evident for the first (p < 0.001) and the average of ten sprints (p < 0.05), regardless of time of day. More remarkable changes during the 60-min post-exercise were observed for rectal temperature (p = 0.005) and heart rate (p = 0.010) in the afternoon than in the morning. CONCLUSION Warming-up and time-of-day effects in enhancing muscular power are independent. Although warm-up ensured further beneficial effects on performance than the time-of-day variation, a faster post-exercise recovery was observed in the late afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano A L Carmo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Karine N O Goulart
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Christian E T Cabido
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ygor A T Martins
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C F Santos
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe L T Shang
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luciano S Prado
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marco T de Mello
- Psychobiology and Exercise Study Center, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silami-Garcia
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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8
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Andrade MT, Goulart KNO, Barbosa NHS, Soares DD, Andrade AGP, Gonçalves DAP, Mendes TT, Coimbra CC, Wanner SP. Core body temperatures of rats subjected to treadmill exercise to fatigue or exhaustion: The journal Temperature toolbox. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:287-312. [PMID: 37554383 PMCID: PMC10405761 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2115274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed the literature reporting the changes in rats' core body temperature (TCORE) induced by either incremental- or constant-speed running to fatigue or exhaustion. In addition, multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the factors contributing to the TCORE values attained when exercise was interrupted. Four databases (EMBASE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) were searched in October 2021, and this search was updated in August 2022. Seventy-two studies (n = 1,538 rats) were included in the systematic review. These studies described heterogeneous experimental conditions; for example, the ambient temperature ranged from 5 to 40°C. The rats quit exercising with TCORE values varying more than 8°C among studies, with the lowest and highest values corresponding to 34.9°C and 43.4°C, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the ambient temperature (p < 0.001), initial TCORE (p < 0.001), distance traveled (p < 0.001; only incremental exercises), and running speed and duration (p < 0.001; only constant exercises) contributed significantly to explaining the variance in the TCORE at the end of the exercise. In conclusion, rats subjected to treadmill running exhibit heterogeneous TCORE when fatigued or exhausted. Moreover, it is not possible to determine a narrow range of TCORE associated with exercise cessation in hyperthermic rats. Ambient temperature, initial TCORE, and physical performance-related variables are the best predictors of TCORE at fatigue or exhaustion. From a broader perspective, this systematic review provides relevant information for selecting appropriate methods in future studies designed to investigate exercise thermoregulation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T. Andrade
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karine N. O. Goulart
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicolas H. S. Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danusa D. Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André G. P. Andrade
- Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dawit A. P. Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago T. Mendes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cândido C. Coimbra
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Samuel P. Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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9
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Bruzzi RS, Moraes MM, Martins YAT, Hudson ASR, Ladeira RVP, Núñez-Espinosa C, Wanner SP, Arantes RME. Heart rate variability, thyroid hormone concentration, and neuropsychological responses in Brazilian navy divers: a case report of diving in Antarctic freezing waters. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210501. [PMID: 35648992 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Open-water diving in a polar environment is a psychophysiological challenge to the human organism. We evaluated the effect of short-term diving (i.e., 10 min) in Antarctic waters on autonomic cardiac control, thyroid hormone concentration, body temperatures, mood, and neuropsychological responses (working memory and sleepiness). Data collection was carried out at baseline, before, and after diving in four individuals divided into the supporting (n=2) and diving (n=2) groups. In the latter group, autonomic cardiac control (by measuring heart rate variability) was also assessed during diving. Diving decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (effect size = 1.6) and thyroxine (effect size = 2.1) concentrations; these responses were not observed for the supporting group. Diving also reduced both the parasympathetic (effect size = 2.6) and sympathetic activities to the heart (ES > 3.0). Besides, diving reduced auricular (effect size > 3.0), skin [i.e., hand (effect size = 1.2) and face (effect size = 1.5)] temperatures compared to pre-dive and reduced sleepiness state (effect size = 1.3) compared to basal, without changing performance in the working memory test. In conclusion, short-term diving in icy waters affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, modulates autonomic cardiac control, and reduces body temperature, which seems to decrease sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúbio S Bruzzi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele M Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (NUPAD- FM/UFMG), Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico, Rua Alfredo Balena, 189, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ygor A T Martins
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S R Hudson
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto V P Ladeira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (NUPAD- FM/UFMG), Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico, Rua Alfredo Balena, 189, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- Universidad de Magallanes, Escuela de Medicina, Laboratorio de Fisiología, Avenida Bulnes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosa M E Arantes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (NUPAD- FM/UFMG), Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico, Rua Alfredo Balena, 189, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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10
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Martins YAT, Passos RLF, Marques AL, Gonçalves DAP, Mendes TT, Núñez-Espinosa C, Rodrigues LOC, Wanner SP, Moraes MM, Arantes RME, Soares DD. A 32-day long fieldwork in Antarctica improves heat tolerance during physical exercise. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210593. [PMID: 35239799 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of a 32-day camping in Antarctica on physical performance and exercise-induced thermoregulatory responses. In Brazil, before and after the Antarctic camping, the volunteers performed an incremental exercise at temperate conditions and, two days later, an exercise heat stress protocol (45-min running at 60% of maximum aerobic speed, at 31°C and 60% of relative humidity). In Antarctica, core temperature was assessed on a day of fieldwork, and average values higher than 38.5°C were reported. At pre- and post-Antarctica, physiological (whole-body and local sweat rate, number of active sweat glands, sweat gland output, core and skin temperatures) and perceptual (thermal comfort and sensation) variables were measured. The Antarctic camping improved the participants' performance and induced heat-related adaptations, as evidenced by sweat redistribution (lower in the chest but higher in grouped data from the forehead, forearm, and thigh) and reduced skin temperatures in the forehead and chest during the exercise heat stress protocol. Notwithstanding the acclimatization, the participants did not report differences of the thermal sensation and comfort. In conclusion, staying in an Antarctic camp for 32 days improved physical performance and elicited physiological adaptations to heat due to the physical exertion-induced hyperthermia in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ygor A T Martins
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata L F Passos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alice L Marques
- Universidade Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, Av. Presidente Vargas, 417, 20071-003 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dawit A P Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Naturais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Estrada Pinheiro/Pacas, Km 10, s/n, 65200-000 Pinheiro, MA, Brazil
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- Universidad de Magallanes, School of Medicine, Physiology Laboratory, Pdte. Manuel Bulnes Avenue, 01855, Punta Arenas, Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica, Chile
| | - Luiz O C Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele M Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia geral, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico, (UFMG/FM-NUPAD), Av. Alfredo Balena, 189, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosa M E Arantes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia geral, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico, (UFMG/FM-NUPAD), Av. Alfredo Balena, 189, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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11
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Melo BP, Zacarias AC, Oliveira JCC, De Souza Cordeiro LM, Wanner SP, Dos Santos ML, Avelar GF, Meeusen R, Heyman E, Soares DD. Combination of Aerobic Training and Cocoa Flavanols as Effective Therapies to Reduce Metabolic and Inflammatory Disruptions in Insulin-Resistant Rats: The Exercise, Cocoa, and Diabetes Study. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:89-101. [PMID: 34808598 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the combined effects of aerobic exercise (EXE) and cocoa flavanol (COCOA) supplementation on performance, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory and lipid profiles in obese insulin-resistant rats. Therefore, 32 male Wistar rats (230-250 g) were fed a high-fat diet and a fructose-rich beverage for 30 days to induce insulin resistance. Next, the rats were randomized into four groups, orally administered placebo solution or COCOA supplementation (45 mg·kg-1), and either remained sedentary or were subjected to EXE on a treadmill at 60% peak velocity for 30 min, for 8 weeks. Blood samples and peripheral tissues were collected and processed to analyze metabolic and inflammatory parameters, lipid profiles, and morphological parameters. Supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved physical performance and attenuated body mass gain, adipose index, and adipocyte area. When analyzed as individual interventions, supplementation with COCOA and EXE improved glucose intolerance and the lipid profile reduced the concentrations of leptin, glucose, and insulin, and reduced homeostasis assessment index (all effects were p < .001 for both interventions), while ameliorated some inflammatory mediators in examined tissues. In skeletal muscles, both COCOA supplementation and EXE increased the expression of glucose transporter (p < .001 and p < .001), and combined intervention showed additive effects (p < .001 vs. COCOA alone or EXE alone). Thus, combining COCOA with EXE represents an effective nonpharmacological strategy to treat insulin resistance; it could prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving physical performance, glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine control, and lipid and inflammatory mediators in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in obese male insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Melo
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Aline C Zacarias
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Joyce C C Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | | | - Samuel P Wanner
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Mara L Dos Santos
- Departament of Morphology, Cellular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Gleide F Avelar
- Departament of Morphology, Cellular Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology & Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels,Belgium
| | - Elsa Heyman
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Lille,France
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais,Brazil
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12
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Campos BT, Penna EM, Rodrigues JGS, Mendes TT, Maia-Lima A, Nakamura FY, Vieira ÉLM, Wanner SP, Prado LS. Influence of Mental Fatigue on Physical Performance, and Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Judokas Submitted to the Special Judo Fitness Test. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:461-468. [PMID: 31855926 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Campos, BT, Penna, EM, Rodrigues, JGS, Mendes, TT, Maia-Lima, A, Nakamura, FY, Vieira, ÉLM, Wanner, SP, and Prado, LS. Influence of mental fatigue on physical performance, and physiological and perceptual responses of judokas submitted to the Special Judo Fitness Test. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 461-468, 2022-Mentally fatigued athletes present impaired aerobic performance, strength endurance, and manual dexterity, despite no changes in anaerobic performance and maximal muscle strength and power. Noteworthy, the effect of mental fatigue on physical performance during high-intensity intermittent tests that require specific motor skills of fighting sports has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether mental fatigue influences performance and physiological and perceptual responses of judokas subjected to a high-intensity intermittent test designed specifically and validated for judo. Each judoka performed 2 experimental trials-a control trial one and the other one after the induction of mental fatigue. These trials were scheduled in a random and balanced order. In both trials, lactate, glucose, and cortisol concentrations, the heart rate variability, and perceptual variables were collected after the initial treatment and after the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). The initial treatment consisted of a 30-minute cognitive demanding task (Stroop Color test) or watching a movie (control) and was followed by the SJFT. The Stroop Color test increased the perceptions of mental fatigue and effort, without affecting motivation for subsequent testing. Unexpectedly, mentally fatigued athletes did not show reduced performance during the SJFT. Regarding the physiological variables, no significant differences were identified between the 2 experimental conditions. We conclude that physical performance measured during a specific test for judokas is not impaired by a previous 30-minute cognitive task that causes mental fatigue. In addition, this cognitive task did not influence the physiological changes induced by the specific physical test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T Campos
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Penna
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Federal University of Para, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - João G S Rodrigues
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- Federal University of Maranhão, São Luiz, Maranhão, Brazil ; and
| | - André Maia-Lima
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Érica L M Vieira
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano S Prado
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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13
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Lima PM, Reis TO, Wanner SP, Chianca-Jr DA, Menezes RC. The role of peripheral transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels in stress-induced hyperthermia in rats subjected to an anxiogenic environment. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Teixeira-Coelho F, Santos DFC, Santos GA, Sousa TF, Moreira SR, Souza MVC, Wanner SP. Ingestion of a moderate dose of alcohol enhances physical exercise-induced changes in blood lactate concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9200. [PMID: 32267309 PMCID: PMC7162590 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of alcoholic beverages influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, although it is not yet clear whether metabolism during physical exercise at different intensities is also affected. This was the objective of the present study. Eight young and healthy volunteers performed a treadmill test to identify the running speed corresponding to a lactate concentration of 4 mM (S4mM). At least 48 h later, they were subjected to two experimental trials (non-alcohol or alcohol) in which they performed two 1-km running sessions at the following intensities: 1) S4mM; 2) 15% above S4mM. In both trials, blood lactate, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations were measured before and after exercise. The acute alcohol intake increased triglycerides, but not lactate concentration under resting conditions. Interestingly, alcohol intake enhanced the exercise-induced increase in lactate concentration at the two intensities: S4mM (non-alcohol: 4.2±0.3 mM vs alcohol: 4.8±0.9 mM; P=0.003) and 15% above S4mM trial (P=0.004). When volunteers ingested alcohol, triglycerides concentration remained increased after treadmill running (e.g., at S4mM - at rest; non-alcohol: 0.2±0.5 mM vs alcohol: 1.3±1.3 mM; P=0.048). In contrast, glucose concentration was not modified by either alcohol intake, exercise, or their combination. We concluded that an acute alcohol intake changed lactate and lipid metabolism without affecting blood glucose concentration. In addition, the increase in lactate concentration caused by alcohol was specifically observed when individuals exercised, whereas augmented triglycerides concentration was already observed before exercise and was sustained thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Teixeira-Coelho
- Centro de Formação de Professores, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Amargosa, BA, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências do Esporte, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - D F C Santos
- Centro de Formação de Professores, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Amargosa, BA, Brasil
| | - G A Santos
- Centro de Formação de Professores, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Amargosa, BA, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
| | - T F Sousa
- Centro de Formação de Professores, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Amargosa, BA, Brasil
| | - S R Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
| | - M V C Souza
- Departamento de Ciências do Esporte, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - S P Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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15
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Lima PMA, Campos HO, Fóscolo DRC, Szawka RE, Wanner SP, Coimbra CC. The time-course of thermoregulatory responses during treadmill running is associated with running duration-dependent hypothalamic neuronal activation in rats. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2775-2786. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Drummond LR, Kunstetter AC, Campos HO, Vaz FF, Drummond FR, Andrade AG, Coimbra CC, Natali AJ, Wanner SP, Prímola-Gomes TN. Spontaneously hypertensive rats have greater impairments in regulating abdominal temperature than brain cortex temperature following physical exercise. J Therm Biol 2019; 83:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Moraes MM, Mendes TT, Martins YAT, Espinosa CN, Maluf CB, Soares DD, Wanner SP, Arantes RME. The changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̊O 2MAX) induced by physical exertion during an Antarctic expedition depend on the initial V̊O 2MAX of the individuals: a case study of the Brazilian expedition. Int J Circumpolar Health 2019; 77:1521244. [PMID: 30252632 PMCID: PMC6161621 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2018.1521244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic climate is challenging, since the cold, wind and sensory monotony are stressful stimuli to individuals. Moreover, camp activities and heavy clothes may contribute to increase physiological strain. Thus, we aimed to characterise the physiological demand of a 24-day period in the Antarctic field and then to evaluate the effect of this expedition on the aerobic fitness in individuals with heterogeneous initial aerobic fitness (as determined by estimating maximum oxygen consumption – V̊O2MAX). Before and after the 24-day period in Antarctica, 7 researchers and 2 mountaineers were subjected to incremental tests to estimate their V̊O2MAX. Field effort was characterised by measuring heart rate (HR). During the field trips, their HR remained 33.4% of the recording time between 50–60% HRMAX, 22.3% between 60–70% HRMAX, and only 1.4% between 80 and 90% HRMAX. The changes in estimated V̊O2MAX during the expedition depended on the pre-expedition aerobic fitness. The post-expedition V̊O2MAX increased by 5.9% and decreased by 14.3%in individuals with lower (researchers) and higher (mountaineers) initial V̊O2MAX, respectively. We concluded that physical effort in the Antarctic field is characterised as predominantly of low- to moderate-intensity. This effort represented an effective training load for individuals with lower initial V̊O2MAX, but not for those with higher V̊O2MAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Moraes
- a Laboratory of Neuro-Immunology Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil.,b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Thiago T Mendes
- b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil.,c Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Health and Technology , Universidade Federal do Maranhão , Pinheiro , MA , Brazil
| | - Ygor A T Martins
- b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Cristian N Espinosa
- e Physiology Laboratory, School of Medicine , Universidad de Magallanes , Punta Arenas , Chile
| | - Chams B Maluf
- d Department of Complementary Propaedeutic of the Faculty of Medicine , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Rosa M E Arantes
- a Laboratory of Neuro-Immunology Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
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18
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Rabelo PCR, Cordeiro LMS, Aquino NSS, Fonseca BBB, Coimbra CC, Wanner SP, Szawka RE, Soares DD. Rats with higher intrinsic exercise capacities exhibit greater preoptic dopamine levels and greater mechanical and thermoregulatory efficiencies while running. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:393-402. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether intrinsic exercise capacity affects the changes in thermoregulation, metabolism and central dopamine (DA) induced by treadmill running. Male Wistar rats were subjected to three incremental exercises and ranked as low-performance (LP), standard-performance (SP), and high-performance (HP) rats. In the first experiment, abdominal (TABD) and tail (TTAIL) temperatures were registered in these rats during submaximal exercise (SE) at 60% of maximal speed. Immediately after SE, rats were decapitated and concentrations of DA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were determined in the preoptic area (POA). In the second experiment, oxygen consumption was measured and mechanical efficiency (ME) was calculated in these rats during an incremental exercise. HP rats ran for longer periods and were fatigued with higher TABD values, with no difference in TTAIL. Nevertheless, thermoregulatory efficiency was higher in HP rats, compared with other groups. DA and DOPAC concentrations in the POA were increased by SE, with higher levels in HP compared with LP and SP rats. V̇o2 also differed between groups, with HP rats displaying a lower consumption throughout the incremental exercise but a higher V̇o2 at fatigue. ME, in turn, was consistently higher in HP than in LP and SP rats. Thus, our results show that HP rats have greater TABD values at fatigue, which seem to be related to a higher dopaminergic activity in the POA. Moreover, HP rats exhibited a greater thermoregulatory efficiency during exercise, which can be attributed to a lower V̇o2, but not to changes in tail heat loss mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings reveal that rats with higher intrinsic exercise capacities have greater thermoregulatory efficiencies and increased dopaminergic activity in the preoptic area, a key brain area in thermoregulatory control, while exercising. Moreover, higher intrinsic exercise capacities are associated with decreased oxygen consumption for a given exercise intensity, which indicates greater mechanical efficiencies. Collectively, these findings help to advance our knowledge of why some rats of a given strain can exercise for longer periods than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia C. R. Rabelo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia M. S. Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunometabolismo, Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nayara S. S. Aquino
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno B. B. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cândido C. Coimbra
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel P. Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael E. Szawka
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danusa D. Soares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Pires W, Veneroso CE, Wanner SP, Pacheco DAS, Vaz GC, Amorim FT, Tonoli C, Soares DD, Coimbra CC. Association Between Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia and Intestinal Permeability: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2018; 47:1389-1403. [PMID: 27943148 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged and strenuous physical exercise increases intestinal permeability, allowing luminal endotoxins to translocate through the intestinal barrier and reach the bloodstream. When recognized by the immune system, these endotoxins trigger a systemic inflammatory response that may affect physical performance and, in severe cases, induce heat stroke. However, it remains to be elucidated whether there is a relationship between the magnitude of exercise-induced hyperthermia and changes in intestinal permeability. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we evaluated whether an exercise-induced increase in core body temperature (T Core) is associated with an exercise-induced increase in intestinal permeability. METHODS The present systematic review screened the MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science databases in September 2016, without any date restrictions. Sixteen studies that were performed in healthy participants, presented original data, and measured both the exercise-induced changes in T Core and intestinal permeability were selected. These studies assessed intestinal permeability through the measurement of sugar levels in the urine and measurement of intestinal fatty acid binding protein or lipopolysaccharide levels in the blood. RESULTS Exercise increased both T Core and intestinal permeability in most of the 16 studies. In addition, a positive and strong correlation was observed between the two parameters (r = 0.793; p < 0.001), and a T Core exceeding 39 °C was always associated with augmented permeability. CONCLUSION The magnitude of exercise-induced hyperthermia is directly associated with the increase in intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Washington Pires
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Christiano E Veneroso
- Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo A S Pacheco
- Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele C Vaz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabiano T Amorim
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Health, Exercise Science and Sport, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Cajsa Tonoli
- Department of Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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20
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Moraes MM, Rabelo PCR, Pinto VA, Pires W, Wanner SP, Szawka RE, Soares DD. Auditory stimulation by exposure to melodic music increases dopamine and serotonin activities in rat forebrain areas linked to reward and motor control. Neurosci Lett 2018; 673:73-78. [PMID: 29499311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Listening to melodic music is regarded as a non-pharmacological intervention that ameliorates various disease symptoms, likely by changing the activity of brain monoaminergic systems. Here, we investigated the effects of exposure to melodic music on the concentrations of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their respective metabolites in the caudate-putamen (CPu) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), areas linked to reward and motor control. Male adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group or a group exposed to music. The music group was submitted to 8 music sessions [Mozart's sonata for two pianos (K. 488) at an average sound pressure of 65 dB]. The control rats were handled in the same way but were not exposed to music. Immediately after the last exposure or control session, the rats were euthanized, and their brains were quickly removed to analyze the concentrations of 5-HT, DA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the CPu and NAcc. Auditory stimuli affected the monoaminergic system in these two brain structures. In the CPu, auditory stimuli increased the concentrations of DA and 5-HIAA but did not change the DOPAC or 5-HT levels. In the NAcc, music markedly increased the DOPAC/DA ratio, suggesting an increase in DA turnover. Our data indicate that auditory stimuli, such as exposure to melodic music, increase DA levels and the release of 5-HT in the CPu as well as DA turnover in the NAcc, suggesting that the music had a direct impact on monoamine activity in these brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Moraes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia C R Rabelo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valéria A Pinto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Washington Pires
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Malheiros-Lima MR, Pires W, Fonseca IAT, Joviano-Santos JV, Ferreira AJ, Coimbra CC, Lima NRV, Wanner SP. Physical Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular and Thermoregulatory Adjustments Are Impaired in Rats Subjected to Cutaneous Artery Denervation. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29515451 PMCID: PMC5826067 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of caudal artery denervation on morphometric parameters of the tail vascular smooth muscle and on physical exercise-induced thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adjustments in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to caudal artery denervation or the sham procedure. Approximately 26-28 days after these procedures, their thermoregulatory and cardiovascular parameters were evaluated at rest and during or following a fatiguing treadmill run. At the end of the experiments, the rats were euthanized, and samples of their tails were removed to evaluate morphometric parameters of the vascular smooth muscle surrounding the caudal artery. Denervated rats showed morphological adaptations, including increased arterial wall thickness and wall-to-lumen ratios. In resting rats and following the fatiguing exercise, caudal artery denervation barely affected the thermoregulatory and cardiovascular parameters evaluated. By contrast, caudal artery denervation attenuated the increase in tail skin temperature, decreased the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, and exacerbated the increases in mean arterial pressure in exercising rats. The increased wall-to-lumen ratio of denervated rats correlated negatively with the maximum tail skin temperature attained or cutaneous heat loss sensitivity but correlated positively with the maximum diastolic blood pressure attained during exercise. In conclusion, cutaneous denervation induces vascular remodeling characterized by morphological adaptations of the tail vascular smooth muscle. This vascular remodeling likely underlies the impaired tail heat loss and blood pressure adjustments in denervated rats subjected to physical exercise. Therefore, we have highlighted the importance of cutaneous vascular innervation integrity in thermal and cardiovascular control in stress-challenged rats. In this sense, our findings advance the understanding of thermoregulatory and cardiovascular system reactions after a sustained cutaneous vascular innervation injury, which is essential for the treatment of some diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene R Malheiros-Lima
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Washington Pires
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Ivana A T Fonseca
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson J Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nilo R V Lima
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Kunstetter AC, Barbosa NHS, Moraes MM, Pinto VA, Soares DD, Pires W, Wanner SP. Pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill setup changes the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses induced by subsequent treadmill running in rats. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 5:109-122. [PMID: 30377632 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1388343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different methodological approaches have been used to conduct experiments with rats subjected to treadmill running. Some experimenters have exposed rats to the treadmill setup before initiating exercise to minimize the influences of handling and being placed in an anxiety-inducing environment on the physiological responses to subsequent running. Other experimenters have subjected rats to exercise immediately after placing them on the treadmill. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill on physical performance and cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses during subsequent exercise. Male Wistar rats were subjected to fatiguing incremental-speed exercise at 24°C immediately after being placed on the treadmill or after being exposed to the treadmill for 70 min following removal from their home cages. Core body temperature (TCORE), tail-skin temperature (TSKIN), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded throughout the experiments. Rats exposed to the treadmill started exercise with higher TCORE, lower HR and MAP, and unaltered TSKIN. This exposure did not influence performance, but it markedly affected the exercise-induced increases in the four physiological parameters evaluated; for example, the TSKIN increased earlier and at a higher TCORE. Moreover, previous treadmill exposure notably allowed expected exercise-induced changes in cardiovascular parameters to be observed. Collectively, these data indicate that pre-exercise exposure to the treadmill induces important effects on physiological responses during subsequent treadmill running. The present data are particularly relevant for researchers planning experiments involving physical exercise and the recording of physiological parameters in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Kunstetter
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Nicolas H S Barbosa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Michele M Moraes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Valéria A Pinto
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Danusa D Soares
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Washington Pires
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares (MG), Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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Cordeiro LMS, Rabelo PCR, Moraes MM, Teixeira-Coelho F, Coimbra CC, Wanner SP, Soares DD. Physical exercise-induced fatigue: the role of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6432. [PMID: 29069229 PMCID: PMC5649871 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain serotonin and dopamine are neurotransmitters related to fatigue, a feeling that leads to reduced intensity or interruption of physical exercises, thereby regulating performance. The present review aims to present advances on the understanding of fatigue, which has recently been proposed as a defense mechanism instead of a “physiological failure” in the context of prolonged (aerobic) exercises. We also present recent advances on the association between serotonin, dopamine and fatigue. Experiments with rodents, which allow direct manipulation of brain serotonin and dopamine during exercise, clearly indicate that increased serotoninergic activity reduces performance, while increased dopaminergic activity is associated with increased performance. Nevertheless, experiments with humans, particularly those involving nutritional supplementation or pharmacological manipulations, have yielded conflicting results on the relationship between serotonin, dopamine and fatigue. The only clear and reproducible effect observed in humans is increased performance in hot environments after treatment with inhibitors of dopamine reuptake. Because the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems interact with each other, the serotonin-to-dopamine ratio seems to be more relevant for determining fatigue than analyzing or manipulating only one of the two transmitters. Finally, physical training protocols induce neuroplasticity, thus modulating the action of these neurotransmitters in order to improve physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - P C R Rabelo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - M M Moraes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - F Teixeira-Coelho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Centro de Formação de Professores, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Amargosa, BA, Brasil
| | - C C Coimbra
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - S P Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - D D Soares
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Wanner SP, Almeida MC, Shimansky YP, Oliveira DL, Eales JR, Coimbra CC, Romanovsky AA. Cold-Induced Thermogenesis and Inflammation-Associated Cold-Seeking Behavior Are Represented by Different Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Sites: A Three-Dimensional Functional Topography Study in Conscious Rats. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6956-6971. [PMID: 28630253 PMCID: PMC5518423 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0100-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, we showed that large electrolytic lesions of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) promoted hypothermia in cold-exposed restrained rats, but attenuated hypothermia in rats challenged with a high dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a thermogradient apparatus. The goal of this study was to identify the thermoeffector mechanisms and DMH representation of the two phenomena and thus to understand how the same lesion could produce two opposite effects on body temperature. We found that the permissive effect of large electrolytic DMH lesions on cold-induced hypothermia was due to suppressed thermogenesis. DMH-lesioned rats also could not develop fever autonomically: they did not increase thermogenesis in response to a low, pyrogenic dose of LPS (10 μg/kg, i.v.). In contrast, changes in thermogenesis were uninvolved in the attenuation of the hypothermic response to a high, shock-inducing dose of LPS (5000 μg/kg, i.v.); this attenuation was due to a blockade of cold-seeking behavior. To compile DMH maps for the autonomic cold defense and for the cold-seeking response to LPS, we studied rats with small thermal lesions in different parts of the DMH. Cold thermogenesis had the highest representation in the dorsal hypothalamic area. Cold seeking was represented by a site at the ventral border of the dorsomedial nucleus. Because LPS causes both fever and hypothermia, we originally thought that the DMH contained a single thermoregulatory site that worked as a fever-hypothermia switch. Instead, we have found two separate sites: one that drives thermogenesis and the other, previously unknown, that drives inflammation-associated cold seeking.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cold-seeking behavior is a life-saving response that occurs in severe systemic inflammation. We studied this behavior in rats with lesions in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) challenged with a shock-inducing dose of bacterial endotoxin. We built functional maps of the DMH and found the strongest representation of cold-seeking behavior at the ventral border of the dorsomedial nucleus. We also built maps for cold-induced thermogenesis in unanesthetized rats and found the dorsal hypothalamic area to be its main representation site. Our work identifies the neural substrate of cold-seeking behavior in systemic inflammation and expands the functional topography of the DMH, a structure that modulates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses and is a potential therapeutic target in anxiety and panic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Wanner
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - M Camila Almeida
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013
| | - Yury P Shimansky
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013
- Kinesiology Program, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, and
| | - Daniela L Oliveira
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013
| | - Justin R Eales
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Andrej A Romanovsky
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013,
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Wilke CF, Ramos GP, Pacheco DAS, Santos WHM, Diniz MSL, Gonçalves GGP, Marins JCB, Wanner SP, Silami-Garcia E. Metabolic Demand and Internal Training Load in Technical-Tactical Training Sessions of Professional Futsal Players. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2330-40. [PMID: 26808850 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wilke, CF, Ramos, GP, Pacheco, DAS, Santos, WHM, Diniz, MSL, Gonçalves, GGP, Marins, JCB, Wanner, SP, and Silami-Garcia, E. Metabolic demand and internal training load in technical-tactical training sessions of professional futsal players. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2330-2340, 2016-The aim of the study was to characterize aspects of technical-tactical training sessions of a professional futsal team. We addressed 4 specific aims: characterize the metabolic demands and intensity of these training sessions, compare the training intensity among players of different positions, compare the intensity of different futsal-specific activities (4 × 4, 6 × 4, and match simulation), and investigate the association between an objective (training impulse; TRIMP) and a subjective method (session rating of perceived exertion; sRPE) of measuring a player's internal training load. Twelve top-level futsal players performed an incremental exercise to determine their maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate (HRmax), ventilatory threshold (VT), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). Each player's HR and RPE were measured and used to calculate energy expenditure, TRIMP, and sRPE during 37 training sessions over 8 weeks. The average intensity was 74 ± 4% of HRmax, which corresponded to 9.3 kcal·min. The players trained at intensities above the RCP, between the RCP and VT and below the VT for 20 ± 8%, 28 ± 6%, and 51 ± 10% of the session duration, respectively. Wingers, defenders, and pivots exercised at a similar average intensity but with different intensity distributions. No difference in intensity was found between the 3 typical activities. A strong correlation between the average daily TRIMP and sRPE was observed; however, this relationship was significant for only 4 of 12 players, indicating that sRPE is a useful tool for monitoring training loads but that it should be interpreted for each player individually rather than collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F Wilke
- 1Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Graduation Program in Sport Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil; 2Nucleus of Sport Sciences Integration, Minas Tênis Club, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil; 3Brazilian Football Confederation, Teresópolis (RJ), Brazil; and 4Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa (MG), Brazil
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Müller-Ribeiro FC, Wanner SP, Santos WHM, Malheiros-Lima MR, Fonseca IAT, Coimbra CC, Pires W. Changes in systolic arterial pressure variability are associated with the decreased aerobic performance of rats subjected to physical exercise in the heat. J Therm Biol 2016; 63:31-40. [PMID: 28010813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced cardiovascular strain is one of the factors that explains degraded aerobic capacity in hot environments. The cardiovascular system is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, whose activity can be indirectly evaluated by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability. However, no study has addressed whether HRV or SAP variability can predict aerobic performance during a single bout of exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between cardiovascular variability and performance in rats subjected to treadmill running at two ambient temperatures. In addition, this study investigated whether the heat-induced changes in cardiovascular variability and reductions in performance are associated with each other. Male Wistar rats were implanted with a catheter into their carotid artery for pulsatile blood pressure recordings. After recovery from surgery, the animals were subjected to incremental-speed exercise until they were fatigued under temperate (25°C) and hot (35°C) conditions. Impaired performance and exaggerated cardiovascular responses were observed in the hot relative to the temperate environment. Significant and negative correlations between most of the SAP variability components (standard deviation, variance, very low frequency [VLF], and low frequency [LF]) at the earlier stages of exercise and total exercise time were observed in both environmental conditions. Furthermore, the heat-induced changes in the sympathetic components of SAP variability (VLF and LF) were associated with heat-induced impairments in performance. Overall, the results indicate that SAP variability at the beginning of exercise predicts the acute performance of rats. Our findings also suggest that heat impairments in aerobic performance are associated with changes in cardiovascular autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia C Müller-Ribeiro
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Weslley H M Santos
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Milene R Malheiros-Lima
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivana A T Fonseca
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Washington Pires
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil.
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Hudson ASR, Kunstetter AC, Damasceno WC, Wanner SP. Involvement of the TRPV1 channel in the modulation of spontaneous locomotor activity, physical performance and physical exercise-induced physiological responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5183. [PMID: 27191606 PMCID: PMC4869825 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise triggers coordinated physiological responses to meet the augmented
metabolic demand of contracting muscles. To provide adequate responses, the brain
must receive sensory information about the physiological status of peripheral tissues
and organs, such as changes in osmolality, temperature and pH. Most of the receptors
involved in these afferent pathways express ion channels, including transient
receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are usually activated by more than one type
of stimulus and are therefore considered polymodal receptors. Among these TRP
channels, the TRPV1 channel (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 or
capsaicin receptor) has well-documented functions in the modulation of pain sensation
and thermoregulatory responses. However, the TRPV1 channel is also expressed in
non-neural tissues, suggesting that this channel may perform a broad range of
functions. In this review, we first present a brief overview of the available tools
for studying the physiological roles of the TRPV1 channel. Then, we present the
relationship between the TRPV1 channel and spontaneous locomotor activity, physical
performance, and modulation of several physiological responses, including water and
electrolyte balance, muscle hypertrophy, and metabolic, cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal, and inflammatory responses. Altogether, the data presented herein
indicate that the TPRV1 channel modulates many physiological functions other than
nociception and thermoregulation. In addition, these data open new possibilities for
investigating the role of this channel in the acute effects induced by a single bout
of physical exercise and in the chronic effects induced by physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S R Hudson
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A C Kunstetter
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - W C Damasceno
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - S P Wanner
- Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Kunstetter AC, Wanner SP, Madeira LG, Wilke CF, Rodrigues LOC, Lima NRV. Association between the increase in brain temperature and physical performance at different exercise intensities and protocols in a temperate environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:679-88. [PMID: 25003543 PMCID: PMC4165295 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that brain temperature (Tbrain) provides a more
sensitive index than other core body temperatures in determining physical
performance. However, no study has addressed whether the association between
performance and increases in Tbrain in a temperate environment is
dependent upon exercise intensity, and this was the primary aim of the present study.
Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to constant exercise at three different speeds
(18, 21, and 24 m/min) until the onset of volitional fatigue. Tbrain was
continuously measured by a thermistor inserted through a brain guide cannula.
Exercise induced a speed-dependent increase in Tbrain, with the fastest
speed associated with a higher rate of Tbrain increase. Rats subjected to
constant exercise had similar Tbrain values at the time of fatigue,
although a pronounced individual variability was observed (38.7-41.7°C). There were
negative correlations between the rate of Tbrain increase and performance
for all speeds that were studied. These results indicate that performance during
constant exercise is negatively associated with the increase in Tbrain,
particularly with its rate of increase. We then investigated how an incremental-speed
protocol affected the association between the increase in Tbrain and
performance. At volitional fatigue, Tbrain was lower during incremental
exercise compared with the Tbrain resulting from constant exercise
(39.3±0.3 vs 40.3±0.1°C; P<0.05), and no association between the
rate of Tbrain increase and performance was observed. These findings
suggest that the influence of Tbrain on performance under temperate
conditions is dependent on exercise protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Kunstetter
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - S P Wanner
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - L G Madeira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - C F Wilke
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - L O C Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - N R V Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Wanner SP, Yoshida K, Kulchitsky VA, Ivanov AI, Kanosue K, Romanovsky AA. Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal activation in the paraventricular and dorsomedial hypothalamus depends on ambient temperature. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75733. [PMID: 24069444 PMCID: PMC3777970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with either fever or hypothermia, but the mechanisms responsible for switching from one to the other are unknown. In experimental animals, systemic inflammation is often induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To identify the diencephalic and brainstem structures involved in the fever-hypothermia switch, we studied the expression of c-Fos protein, a marker of neuronal activation, in rats treated with the same high dose of LPS (0.5 mg/kg, intravenously) either in a thermoneutral (30 °C) or cool (24 °C) environment. At 30 °C, LPS caused fever; at 24 °C, the same dose caused profound hypothermia. Both fever and hypothermia were associated with the induction of c-Fos in many brain areas, including several structures of the anterior preoptic, paraventricular, lateral, and dorsal hypothalamus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the posterior pretectal nucleus, ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, lateral parabrachial nucleus, area postrema, and nucleus of the solitary tract. Every brain area studied showed a comparable response to LPS at the two different ambient temperatures used, with the exception of two areas: the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), which we studied together with the adjacent dorsal hypothalamic area (DA), and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH). Both structures had much stronger c-Fos expression during LPS hypothermia than during fever. We propose that PVH and DMH/DA neurons are involved in a circuit, which - depending on the ambient temperature - determines whether the thermoregulatory response to bacterial LPS will be fever or hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Wanner
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kyoko Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Vladimir A. Kulchitsky
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kazuyuki Kanosue
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Andrej A. Romanovsky
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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Pires W, Wanner SP, Lima MRM, Fonseca IAT, Fumega U, Haibara AS, Coimbra CC, Lima NRV. Physical exercise performance in temperate and warm environments is decreased by an impaired arterial baroreflex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72005. [PMID: 23951278 PMCID: PMC3737155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether running performance in different environments is dependent on intact arterial baroreceptor reflexes. We also assessed the exercise-induced cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses in animals lacking arterial baroafferent signals. To accomplish these goals, male Wistar rats were subjected to sinoaortic denervation (SAD) or sham surgery (SHAM) and had a catheter implanted into the ascending aorta to record arterial pressure and a telemetry sensor implanted in the abdominal cavity to record core temperature. After recovering from these surgeries, the animals were subjected to constant- or incremental-speed exercises performed until the voluntary interruption of effort under temperate (25° C) and warm (35° C) conditions. During the constant-speed exercises, the running time until the rats were fatigued was shorter in SAD rats in both environments. Although the core temperature was not significantly different between the groups, tail skin temperature was higher in SAD rats under temperate conditions. The denervated rats also displayed exaggerated increases in blood pressure and double product compared with the SHAM rats; in particular, in the warm environment, these exaggerated cardiovascular responses in the SAD rats persisted until they were fatigued. These SAD-mediated changes occurred in parallel with increased variability in the very low and low components of the systolic arterial pressure power spectrum. The running performance was also affected by SAD during the incremental-speed exercises, with the maximal speed attained being decreased by approximately 20% in both environments. Furthermore, at the maximal power output tolerated during the incremental exercises, the mean arterial pressure, heart rate and double product were exaggerated in the SAD relative to SHAM rats. In conclusion, the chronic absence of the arterial baroafferents accelerates exercise fatigue in temperate and warm environments. Our findings also suggest that an augmented cardiovascular strain accounted for the early interruption of exercise in the SAD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Washington Pires
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Cordeiro LMS, Guimarães JB, Wanner SP, La Guardia RB, Miranda RM, Marubayashi U, Soares DD. Inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase abolishes fatigue induced by central tryptophan in exercising rats. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:80-8. [PMID: 22540893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue during prolonged exercise is related to brain monoamines concentrations, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effects of increased central tryptophan (TRP) availability on physical performance and thermoregulation in running rats that were pretreated with parachlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), an inhibitor of the conversion of TRP to serotonin. On the 3 days before the experiment, adult male Wistar rats were treated with intraperitoneal (ip) injections of saline or p-CPA. On the day of the experiment, animals received intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of either saline or TRP (20.3 μM) and underwent a submaximal exercise test until fatigue. Icv TRP-treated rats that received ip saline presented higher heat storage rate and a 69% reduction in time to fatigue compared with the control animals. Pretreatment with ip p-CPA blocked the effects of TRP on thermoregulation and performance. Moreover, ip p-CPA administration accelerated cutaneous heat dissipation when compared with saline-pretreated rats. We conclude that an elevated availability of central TRP interferes with fatigue mechanisms of exercising rats. This response is modulated by serotonergic pathways, because TRP effects were blocked in the presence of p-CPA. Our data also support that a depletion of brain serotonin facilitates heat loss mechanisms during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Cordeiro
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Wanner SP, Garami A, Pakai E, Oliveira DL, Gavva NR, Coimbra CC, Romanovsky AA. Aging reverses the role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel in systemic inflammation from anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:343-9. [PMID: 22214765 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.2.18772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in young rodents have shown that the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channel plays a suppressive role in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) by inhibiting production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and possibly by other mechanisms. We asked whether the anti-inflammatory role of TRPV1 changes with age. First, we studied the effect of AMG517, a selective and potent TRPV1 antagonist, on aseptic, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SIRS in young (12 wk) mice. In agreement with previous studies, AMG517 increased LPS-induced mortality in the young. We then studied the effects of TRPV1 antagonism (AMG517 or genetic deletion of TRPV1) on SIRS in middle-aged (43-44 wk) mice. Both types of TRPV1 antagonism delayed and decreased LPS-induced mortality, indicating a reversal of the anti-inflammatory role of TRPV1 with aging. In addition, deletion of TRPV1 decreased the serum TNFα response to LPS, suggesting that the suppressive control of TRPV1 on TNFα production is also reversed with aging. In contrast to aseptic SIRS, polymicrobial sepsis (induced by cecal ligation and puncture) caused accelerated mortality in aged TRPV1-deficient mice as compared with wild-type littermates. The recovery of TRPV1-deficient mice from hypothermia associated with the cecal ligation and puncture procedure was delayed. Hence, the reversal of the anti-inflammatory role of TRPV1 found in the aged and their decreased systemic inflammatory response are coupled with suppressed defense against microbial infection. These results caution that TRPV1 antagonists, widely viewed as new-generation painkillers, may decrease the resistance of older patients to infection and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Wanner
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Wanner SP, Garami A, Romanovsky AA. Hyperactive when young, hypoactive and overweight when aged: connecting the dots in the story about locomotor activity, body mass, and aging in Trpv1 knockout mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3:450-4. [PMID: 21483038 PMCID: PMC3117461 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have recently found that, at a young age, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (Trpv1) knockout (−/−) mice have a higher locomotor activity than their wild-type littermates (+/+). We have also found that, with age, Trpv1−/− mice become substantially heavier than Trpv1+/+ controls, thus forming a paradoxical association between locomotor hyperactivity and overweight. The present study solves this contradiction. By using two experimental paradigms, we show that aged Trpv1−/− mice have not an increased, but a decreased, locomotor activity, as compared to age-matched Trpv1+/+ controls. We also confirm that aged Trpv1−/− mice are overweight. We conclude that TRPV1 channels are involved in the regulation of both general locomotor activity and body mass in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Wanner
- Systemic Inflammation Laboratory (FeverLab), Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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Steiner AA, Molchanova AY, Dogan MD, Patel S, Pétervári E, Balaskó M, Wanner SP, Eales J, Oliveira DL, Gavva NR, Almeida MC, Székely M, Romanovsky AA. The hypothermic response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide critically depends on brain CB1, but not CB2 or TRPV1, receptors. J Physiol 2011; 589:2415-31. [PMID: 21486787 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia occurs in the most severe cases of systemic inflammation, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. This study evaluated whether the hypothermic response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is modulated by the endocannabinoid anandamide(AEA) and its receptors: cannabinoid-1 (CB1), cannabinoid-2 (CB2) and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). In rats exposed to an ambient temperature of 22◦C, a moderate dose of LPS (25 - 100 μg kg−1 I.V.) induced a fall in body temperature with a nadir at ∼100 minpostinjection. This response was not affected by desensitization of intra-abdominal TRPV1 receptors with resiniferatoxin (20 μg kg - 1 I.P.), by systemic TRPV1 antagonism with capsazepine(40mg kg−1 I.P.), or by systemic CB2 receptor antagonism with SR144528 (1.4 mg kg−1 I.P.).However, CB1 receptor antagonism by rimonabant (4.6mg kg−1 I.P.) or SLV319 (15mg kg−1 I.P.)blocked LPS hypothermia. The effect of rimonabant was further studied. Rimonabant blocked LPS hypothermia when administered I.C.V. at a dose (4.6 μg) that was too low to produce systemic effects. The blockade of LPS hypothermia by I.C.V. rimonabant was associated with suppression of the circulating level of tumour necrosis factor-α. In contrast to rimonabant,the I.C.V. administration of AEA (50 μg) enhanced LPS hypothermia. Importantly, I.C.V. AEAdid not evoke hypothermia in rats not treated with LPS, thus indicating that AEA modulates LPS-activated pathways in the brain rather than thermo effector pathways. In conclusion, the present study reveals a novel, critical role of brain CB1 receptors in LPS hypothermia. Brain CB1 receptors may constitute a new therapeutic target in systemic inflammation and sepsis.
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Guimaraes JB, Wanner SP, Machado SC, Lima MR, Cordeiro LM, Pires W, Silami-Garcia E, Rodrigues LO, Coimbra CC, Lima NR. Exercise-induced Fatigue is Mediated by Muscarinic Cholinoceptors within the Ventromedial Hypothalamus. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389475.46939.1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wanner SP, Guimaraes JB, Coimbra CC. Evidence that Functional Integrity of the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus is Critical for Physical Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389543.68917.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wanner SP, Guimarães JB, Pires W, La Guardia RB, Haibara AS, Marubayashi U, Coimbra CC, Lima NRV. Physical exercise-induced cardiovascular adjustments are modulated by muscarinic cholinoceptors within the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Physiol Res 2009; 59:165-175. [PMID: 19537936 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of blocking ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) muscarinic cholinoceptors on cardiovascular responses were investigated in running rats. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and fitted with bilateral cannulae into the VMH. After recovering from surgery, the rats were familiarized to running on a treadmill. The animals then had a polyethylene catheter implanted into the left carotid artery to measure blood pressure. Tail skin temperature (T(tail)), heart rate, and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were measured after bilateral injections of 0.2 microl of 5 x 10(-9) mol methylatropine or 0.15 M NaCl solution into the hypothalamus. Cholinergic blockade of the VMH reduced time to fatigue by 31 % and modified the temporal profile of cardiovascular and T(tail) adjustments without altering their maximal responses. Mean arterial pressure peak was achieved earlier in methylatropine-treated rats, which also showed a 2-min delay in induction of tail skin vasodilation, suggesting a higher sympathetic tonus to peripheral vessels. In conclusion, muscarinic cholinoceptors within the VMH are involved in a neuronal pathway that controls exercise-induced cardiovascular adjustments. Furthermore, blocking of cholinergic transmission increases sympathetic outflow during the initial minutes of exercise, and this higher sympathetic activity may be responsible for the decreased performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pires W, Oliveira BM, Guimarães JB, Wanner SP, Lima MR, Lima DC, Haibara AS, Marubayashi U, Rodrigues LO, Coimbra CC, Lima NR. Thermoregulatory Responses Induced by Central Cholinergic Stimulation During Exercise Are Mediated By Arterial Baroreceptors. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.788.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana B. Guimarães
- Dept. of Physiology and BiophysicsFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Samuel P. Wanner
- Dept. of Physiology and BiophysicsFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Daniel C. Lima
- Dept. of Physiology and BiophysicsFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Andréa S. Haibara
- Dept. of Physiology and BiophysicsFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Umeko Marubayashi
- Dept. of Physiology and BiophysicsFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Cândido C. Coimbra
- Dept. of Physiology and BiophysicsFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
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Wanner SP, Guimarães JB, Rodrigues LOC, Marubayashi U, Coimbra CC, Lima NRV. Muscarinic cholinoceptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus facilitate tail heat loss during physical exercise. Brain Res Bull 2007; 73:28-33. [PMID: 17499633 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) muscarinic cholinoceptors in heat balance and central fatigue during treadmill exercise (24 m min(-1), 5% inclination). The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg body weight i.p.) and fitted with bilateral cannulae into the VMH 1 week prior to the experiments. Tail skin (T(tail)) and core body temperatures (T(b)) were measured after the injection of 0.2 microL of 5 x 10(-9) mol methylatropine (Matr) or 0.15 M NaCl solution (Sal) into the hypothalamus. Methylatropine injection into the VMH greatly increased heat storage rate (HSR) measured until fatigue (19.7+/-4.6 cal min(-1) Matr versus 9.7+/-3.3 cal min(-1) Sal; P<0.05) and attenuated the exercise-induced tail vasodilation as seen by T(tail) (23.98+/-0.43 degrees C Matr versus 25.52+/-0.85 degrees C Sal; at 6.5 min; P<0.05), indicating inhibition of the heat loss process. The 2 min delay and the increased DeltaT(b), which triggered the heat loss mechanisms observed in Matr-treated rats, are associated with increased HSR and may be responsible for the decreased running performance of these animals (21.0+/-2.9 min Matr versus 33.5+/-3.4 min Sal; P<0.001). In fact, a close negative correlation was observed between HSR and time to fatigue (r=-0.61; P<0.01). In conclusion, VMH muscarinic cholinoceptors facilitate tail heat loss mechanisms, and a delay in this adjustment would lead to a decrease in physical exercise performance due to excess heat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pires W, Wanner SP, La Guardia RB, Rodrigues LOC, Silveira SA, Coimbra CC, Marubayashi U, Lima NRV. Intracerebroventricular physostigmine enhances blood pressure and heat loss in running rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 58:3-17. [PMID: 17440222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the stimulation of central cholinergic synapses in the regulation of heat loss in untrained rats during exercise. The animals were separated into two groups (exercise or rest) and tail skin temperature (T(tail)), core temperature and blood pressure were measured after injection of 2 microL of 5x10(-3) M physostigmine (Phy; n = 8) or 0.15 M NaCl solution (Sal; n = 8) into the lateral cerebral ventricle. Blood pressure was recorded by a catheter implanted into the abdominal aorta, T(tail) was measured using a thermistor taped to the tail and intraperitoneal temperature (T(b)) was recorded by telemetry. During exercise, Phy-treated rats had a higher increase in mean blood pressure (147 +/- 4 mmHg Phy vs. 121 +/- 3 mmHg Sal; P < 0.001) and higher T(tail) (26.4 +/- 1.0 degrees C Phy vs. 23.8 +/- 0.5 degrees C Sal; P < 0.05) that was closely related to the increase in systolic arterial pressure (r = 0.83; P < 0.001). In addition, Phy injection attenuated the exercise-induced increase in T(b) compared with controls without affecting running time. We conclude that the activation of central cholinergic synapses during exercise increases heat dissipation due to the higher increase in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pires
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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