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Nisa A, Kumar R, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Olejnik J, Jalloh S, Gummuluru S, Subbian S, Bushkin Y. Modulations of Homeostatic ACE2, CD147, GRP78 Pathways Correlate with Vascular and Endothelial Performance Markers during Pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2024; 13:432. [PMID: 38474396 PMCID: PMC10930588 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathologic consequences of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) include elevated inflammation and dysregulated vascular functions associated with thrombosis. In general, disruption of vascular homeostasis and ensuing prothrombotic events are driven by activated platelets, monocytes, and macrophages, which form aggregates (thrombi) attached to the endothelium lining of vessel walls. However, molecular pathways underpinning the pathological interactions between myeloid cells and endothelium during COVID-19 remain undefined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that modulations in the expression of cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), CD147, and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), which are involved in homeostasis and endothelial performance, are the hallmark responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cultured macrophages and lungs of hamster model systems were used to test this hypothesis. The results indicate that while macrophages and endothelial cells are less likely to support SARS-CoV-2 proliferation, these cells may readily respond to inflammatory stimuli generated by the infected lung epithelium. SARS-CoV-2 induced modulations of tested cellular receptors correlated with corresponding changes in the mRNA expression of coagulation cascade regulators and endothelial integrity components in infected hamster lungs. Among these markers, tissue factor (TF) had the best correlation for prothrombotic events during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) method alone was sufficient to determine the peak and resolution phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and enabled screening for cellular markers co-expressed with the virus. These findings suggest possible molecular pathways for exploration of novel drugs capable of blocking the prothrombotic shift events that exacerbate COVID-19 pathophysiology and control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Judith Olejnik
- Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA; (J.O.); (S.J.); (S.G.)
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218, USA
| | - Sallieu Jalloh
- Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA; (J.O.); (S.J.); (S.G.)
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA; (J.O.); (S.J.); (S.G.)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Yuri Bushkin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.); (S.R.); (A.K.)
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Dodd-O J, Roy A, Siddiqui Z, Jafari R, Coppola F, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Kumar D, Kaundal S, Zhao B, Kumar R, Robang AS, Li J, Azizogli AR, Pai V, Acevedo-Jake A, Heffernan C, Lucas A, McShan AC, Paravastu AK, Prasad BVV, Subbian S, Král P, Kumar V. Author Correction: Antiviral fibrils of self-assembled peptides with tunable compositions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1505. [PMID: 38374216 PMCID: PMC10876924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dodd-O
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Roya Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Francesco Coppola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Soni Kaundal
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyang Zhao
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alicia S Robang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeffrey Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Abdul-Rahman Azizogli
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Varun Pai
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Amanda Acevedo-Jake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Corey Heffernan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- SAPHTx Inc, Newark, NJ, 07104, USA
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew C McShan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anant K Paravastu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- SAPHTx Inc, Newark, NJ, 07104, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Dodd-O J, Roy A, Siddiqui Z, Jafari R, Coppola F, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Kumar D, Kaundal S, Zhao B, Kumar R, Robang AS, Li J, Azizogli AR, Pai V, Acevedo-Jake A, Heffernan C, Lucas A, McShan AC, Paravastu AK, Prasad BVV, Subbian S, Král P, Kumar V. Antiviral fibrils of self-assembled peptides with tunable compositions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1142. [PMID: 38326301 PMCID: PMC10850501 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The lasting threat of viral pandemics necessitates the development of tailorable first-response antivirals with specific but adaptive architectures for treatment of novel viral infections. Here, such an antiviral platform has been developed based on a mixture of hetero-peptides self-assembled into functionalized β-sheets capable of specific multivalent binding to viral protein complexes. One domain of each hetero-peptide is designed to specifically bind to certain viral proteins, while another domain self-assembles into fibrils with epitope binding characteristics determined by the types of peptides and their molar fractions. The self-assembled fibrils maintain enhanced binding to viral protein complexes and retain high resilience to viral mutations. This method is experimentally and computationally tested using short peptides that specifically bind to Spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. This platform is efficacious, inexpensive, and stable with excellent tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dodd-O
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Roya Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Francesco Coppola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Soni Kaundal
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyang Zhao
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alicia S Robang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeffrey Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Abdul-Rahman Azizogli
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Varun Pai
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Amanda Acevedo-Jake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Corey Heffernan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- SAPHTx Inc, Newark, NJ, 07104, USA
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew C McShan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anant K Paravastu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- SAPHTx Inc, Newark, NJ, 07104, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Staplin N, Haynes R, Judge PK, Wanner C, Green JB, Emberson J, Preiss D, Mayne KJ, Ng SYA, Sammons E, Zhu D, Hill M, Stevens W, Wallendszus K, Brenner S, Cheung AK, Liu ZH, Li J, Hooi LS, Liu WJ, Kadowaki T, Nangaku M, Levin A, Cherney D, Maggioni AP, Pontremoli R, Deo R, Goto S, Rossello X, Tuttle KR, Steubl D, Petrini M, Seidi S, Landray MJ, Baigent C, Herrington WG, Abat S, Abd Rahman R, Abdul Cader R, Abdul Hafidz MI, Abdul Wahab MZ, Abdullah NK, Abdul-Samad T, Abe M, Abraham N, Acheampong S, Achiri P, Acosta JA, Adeleke A, Adell V, Adewuyi-Dalton R, Adnan N, Africano A, Agharazii M, Aguilar F, Aguilera A, Ahmad M, Ahmad MK, Ahmad NA, Ahmad NH, Ahmad NI, Ahmad Miswan N, Ahmad Rosdi H, Ahmed I, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Aiello J, Aitken A, AitSadi R, Aker S, Akimoto S, Akinfolarin A, Akram S, Alberici F, Albert C, Aldrich L, Alegata M, Alexander L, Alfaress S, Alhadj Ali M, Ali A, Ali A, Alicic R, Aliu A, Almaraz R, Almasarwah R, Almeida J, Aloisi A, Al-Rabadi L, Alscher D, Alvarez P, Al-Zeer B, Amat M, Ambrose C, Ammar H, An Y, Andriaccio L, Ansu K, Apostolidi A, Arai N, Araki H, Araki S, Arbi A, Arechiga O, Armstrong S, Arnold T, Aronoff S, Arriaga W, Arroyo J, Arteaga D, Asahara S, Asai A, Asai N, Asano S, Asawa M, Asmee MF, Aucella F, Augustin M, Avery A, Awad A, Awang IY, Awazawa M, Axler A, Ayub W, Azhari Z, Baccaro R, Badin C, Bagwell B, Bahlmann-Kroll E, Bahtar AZ, Baigent C, Bains D, Bajaj H, Baker R, Baldini E, Banas B, Banerjee D, Banno S, Bansal S, Barberi S, Barnes S, Barnini C, Barot C, Barrett K, Barrios R, Bartolomei Mecatti B, Barton I, Barton J, Basily W, Bavanandan S, Baxter A, Becker L, Beddhu S, Beige J, Beigh S, Bell S, Benck U, Beneat A, Bennett A, Bennett D, Benyon S, Berdeprado J, Bergler T, Bergner A, Berry M, Bevilacqua M, Bhairoo J, Bhandari S, Bhandary N, Bhatt A, Bhattarai M, Bhavsar M, Bian W, Bianchini F, Bianco S, Bilous R, Bilton J, Bilucaglia D, Bird C, Birudaraju D, Biscoveanu M, Blake C, Bleakley N, Bocchicchia K, Bodine S, Bodington R, Boedecker S, Bolduc M, Bolton S, Bond C, Boreky F, Boren K, Bouchi R, Bough L, Bovan D, Bowler C, Bowman L, Brar N, Braun C, Breach A, Breitenfeldt M, Brenner S, Brettschneider B, Brewer A, Brewer G, Brindle V, Brioni E, Brown C, Brown H, Brown L, Brown R, Brown S, Browne D, Bruce K, Brueckmann M, Brunskill N, Bryant M, Brzoska M, Bu Y, Buckman C, Budoff M, Bullen M, Burke A, Burnette S, Burston C, Busch M, Bushnell J, Butler S, Büttner C, Byrne C, Caamano A, Cadorna J, Cafiero C, Cagle M, Cai J, Calabrese K, Calvi C, Camilleri B, Camp S, Campbell D, Campbell R, Cao H, Capelli I, Caple M, Caplin B, Cardone A, Carle J, Carnall V, Caroppo M, Carr S, Carraro G, Carson M, Casares P, Castillo C, Castro C, Caudill B, Cejka V, Ceseri M, Cham L, Chamberlain A, Chambers J, Chan CBT, Chan JYM, Chan YC, Chang E, Chang E, Chant T, Chavagnon T, Chellamuthu P, Chen F, Chen J, Chen P, Chen TM, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng H, Cheng MC, Cherney D, Cheung AK, Ching CH, Chitalia N, Choksi R, Chukwu C, Chung K, Cianciolo G, Cipressa L, Clark S, Clarke H, Clarke R, Clarke S, Cleveland B, Cole E, Coles H, Condurache L, Connor A, Convery K, Cooper A, Cooper N, Cooper Z, Cooperman L, Cosgrove L, Coutts P, Cowley A, Craik R, Cui G, Cummins T, Dahl N, Dai H, Dajani L, D'Amelio A, Damian E, Damianik K, Danel L, Daniels C, Daniels T, Darbeau S, Darius H, Dasgupta T, Davies J, Davies L, Davis A, Davis J, Davis L, Dayanandan R, Dayi S, Dayrell R, De Nicola L, Debnath S, Deeb W, Degenhardt S, DeGoursey K, Delaney M, Deo R, DeRaad R, Derebail V, Dev D, Devaux M, Dhall P, Dhillon G, Dienes J, Dobre M, Doctolero E, Dodds V, Domingo D, Donaldson D, Donaldson P, Donhauser C, Donley V, Dorestin S, Dorey S, Doulton T, Draganova D, Draxlbauer K, Driver F, Du H, Dube F, Duck T, Dugal T, Dugas J, Dukka H, Dumann H, Durham W, Dursch M, Dykas R, Easow R, Eckrich E, Eden G, Edmerson E, Edwards H, Ee LW, Eguchi J, Ehrl Y, Eichstadt K, Eid W, Eilerman B, Ejima Y, Eldon H, Ellam T, Elliott L, Ellison R, Emberson J, Epp R, Er A, Espino-Obrero M, Estcourt S, Estienne L, Evans G, Evans J, Evans S, Fabbri G, Fajardo-Moser M, Falcone C, Fani F, Faria-Shayler P, Farnia F, Farrugia D, Fechter M, Fellowes D, Feng F, Fernandez J, Ferraro P, Field A, Fikry S, Finch J, Finn H, Fioretto P, Fish R, Fleischer A, Fleming-Brown D, Fletcher L, Flora R, Foellinger C, Foligno N, Forest S, Forghani Z, Forsyth K, Fottrell-Gould D, Fox P, Frankel A, Fraser D, Frazier R, Frederick K, Freking N, French H, Froment A, Fuchs B, Fuessl L, Fujii H, Fujimoto A, Fujita A, Fujita K, Fujita Y, Fukagawa M, Fukao Y, Fukasawa A, Fuller T, Funayama T, Fung E, Furukawa M, Furukawa Y, Furusho M, Gabel S, Gaidu J, Gaiser S, Gallo K, Galloway C, Gambaro G, Gan CC, Gangemi C, Gao M, Garcia K, Garcia M, Garofalo C, Garrity M, Garza A, Gasko S, Gavrila M, Gebeyehu B, Geddes A, Gentile G, George A, George J, Gesualdo L, Ghalli F, Ghanem A, Ghate T, Ghavampour S, Ghazi A, Gherman A, Giebeln-Hudnell U, Gill B, Gillham S, Girakossyan I, Girndt M, Giuffrida A, Glenwright M, Glider T, Gloria R, Glowski D, Goh BL, Goh CB, Gohda T, Goldenberg R, Goldfaden R, Goldsmith C, Golson B, Gonce V, Gong Q, Goodenough B, Goodwin N, Goonasekera M, Gordon A, Gordon J, Gore A, Goto H, Goto S, Goto S, Gowen D, Grace A, Graham J, Grandaliano G, Gray M, Green JB, Greene T, Greenwood G, Grewal B, Grifa R, Griffin D, Griffin S, Grimmer P, Grobovaite E, Grotjahn S, Guerini A, Guest C, Gunda S, Guo B, Guo Q, Haack S, Haase M, Haaser K, Habuki K, Hadley A, Hagan S, Hagge S, Haller H, Ham S, Hamal S, Hamamoto Y, Hamano N, Hamm M, Hanburry A, Haneda M, Hanf C, Hanif W, Hansen J, Hanson L, Hantel S, Haraguchi T, Harding E, Harding T, Hardy C, Hartner C, Harun Z, Harvill L, Hasan A, Hase H, Hasegawa F, Hasegawa T, Hashimoto A, Hashimoto C, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto S, Haskett S, Hauske SJ, Hawfield A, Hayami T, Hayashi M, Hayashi S, Haynes R, Hazara A, Healy C, Hecktman J, Heine G, Henderson H, Henschel R, Hepditch A, Herfurth K, Hernandez G, Hernandez Pena A, Hernandez-Cassis C, Herrington WG, Herzog C, Hewins S, Hewitt D, Hichkad L, Higashi S, Higuchi C, Hill C, Hill L, Hill M, Himeno T, Hing A, Hirakawa Y, Hirata K, Hirota Y, Hisatake T, Hitchcock S, Hodakowski A, Hodge W, Hogan R, Hohenstatt U, Hohenstein B, Hooi L, Hope S, Hopley M, Horikawa S, Hosein D, Hosooka T, Hou L, Hou W, Howie L, Howson A, Hozak M, Htet Z, Hu X, Hu Y, Huang J, Huda N, Hudig L, Hudson A, Hugo C, Hull R, Hume L, Hundei W, Hunt N, Hunter A, Hurley S, Hurst A, Hutchinson C, Hyo T, Ibrahim FH, Ibrahim S, Ihana N, Ikeda T, Imai A, Imamine R, Inamori A, Inazawa H, Ingell J, Inomata K, Inukai Y, Ioka M, Irtiza-Ali A, Isakova T, Isari W, Iselt M, Ishiguro A, Ishihara K, Ishikawa T, Ishimoto T, Ishizuka K, Ismail R, Itano S, Ito H, Ito K, Ito M, Ito Y, Iwagaitsu S, Iwaita Y, Iwakura T, Iwamoto M, Iwasa M, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki S, Izumi K, Izumi K, Izumi T, Jaafar SM, Jackson C, Jackson Y, Jafari G, Jahangiriesmaili M, Jain N, Jansson K, Jasim H, Jeffers L, Jenkins A, Jesky M, Jesus-Silva J, Jeyarajah D, Jiang Y, Jiao X, Jimenez G, Jin B, Jin Q, Jochims J, Johns B, Johnson C, Johnson T, Jolly S, Jones L, Jones L, Jones S, Jones T, Jones V, Joseph M, Joshi S, Judge P, Junejo N, Junus S, Kachele M, Kadowaki T, Kadoya H, Kaga H, Kai H, Kajio H, Kaluza-Schilling W, Kamaruzaman L, Kamarzarian A, Kamimura Y, Kamiya H, Kamundi C, Kan T, Kanaguchi Y, Kanazawa A, Kanda E, Kanegae S, Kaneko K, Kaneko K, Kang HY, Kano T, Karim M, Karounos D, Karsan W, Kasagi R, Kashihara N, Katagiri H, Katanosaka A, Katayama A, Katayama M, Katiman E, Kato K, Kato M, Kato N, Kato S, Kato T, Kato Y, Katsuda Y, Katsuno T, Kaufeld J, Kavak Y, Kawai I, Kawai M, Kawai M, Kawase A, Kawashima S, Kazory A, Kearney J, Keith B, Kellett J, Kelley S, Kershaw M, Ketteler M, Khai Q, Khairullah Q, Khandwala H, Khoo KKL, Khwaja A, Kidokoro K, Kielstein J, Kihara M, Kimber C, Kimura S, Kinashi H, Kingston H, Kinomura M, Kinsella-Perks E, Kitagawa M, Kitajima M, Kitamura 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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Kitajima M, Kitamura S, Kiyosue A, Kiyota M, Klauser F, Klausmann G, Kmietschak W, Knapp K, Knight C, Knoppe A, Knott C, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi R, Kobayashi T, Koch M, Kodama S, Kodani N, Kogure E, Koizumi M, Kojima H, Kojo T, Kolhe N, Komaba H, Komiya T, Komori H, Kon SP, Kondo M, Kondo M, Kong W, Konishi M, Kono K, Koshino M, Kosugi T, Kothapalli B, Kozlowski T, Kraemer B, Kraemer-Guth A, Krappe J, Kraus D, Kriatselis C, Krieger C, Krish P, Kruger B, Ku Md Razi KR, Kuan Y, Kubota S, Kuhn S, Kumar P, Kume S, Kummer I, Kumuji R, Küpper A, Kuramae T, Kurian L, Kuribayashi C, Kurien R, Kuroda E, Kurose T, Kutschat A, Kuwabara N, Kuwata H, La Manna G, Lacey M, Lafferty K, LaFleur P, Lai V, Laity E, Lambert A, Landray MJ, Langlois M, Latif F, Latore E, Laundy E, Laurienti D, Lawson A, Lay M, Leal I, Leal I, Lee AK, Lee J, Lee KQ, Lee R, Lee SA, Lee YY, Lee-Barkey Y, Leonard N, Leoncini G, Leong CM, Lerario S, Leslie A, Levin A, Lewington A, Li J, Li N, Li X, Li Y, Liberti L, Liberti ME, Liew A, Liew YF, Lilavivat U, Lim SK, Lim YS, Limon E, Lin H, Lioudaki E, Liu H, Liu J, Liu L, Liu Q, Liu WJ, Liu X, Liu Z, Loader D, Lochhead H, Loh CL, Lorimer A, Loudermilk L, Loutan J, Low CK, Low CL, Low YM, Lozon Z, Lu Y, Lucci D, Ludwig U, Luker N, Lund D, Lustig R, Lyle S, Macdonald C, MacDougall I, Machicado R, MacLean D, Macleod P, Madera A, Madore F, Maeda K, Maegawa H, Maeno S, Mafham M, Magee J, Maggioni AP, Mah DY, Mahabadi V, Maiguma M, Makita Y, Makos G, Manco L, Mangiacapra R, Manley J, Mann P, Mano S, Marcotte G, Maris J, Mark P, Markau S, Markovic M, Marshall C, Martin M, Martinez C, Martinez S, Martins G, Maruyama K, Maruyama S, Marx K, Maselli A, Masengu A, Maskill A, Masumoto S, Masutani K, Matsumoto M, Matsunaga T, Matsuoka N, Matsushita M, Matthews M, Matthias S, Matvienko E, Maurer M, Maxwell P, Mayne KJ, Mazlan N, Mazlan SA, Mbuyisa A, McCafferty K, McCarroll F, McCarthy T, McClary-Wright C, McCray K, McDermott P, McDonald C, McDougall R, McHaffie E, McIntosh K, McKinley T, McLaughlin S, McLean N, McNeil L, Measor A, Meek J, Mehta A, Mehta R, Melandri M, Mené P, Meng T, Menne J, Merritt K, Merscher S, Meshykhi C, Messa P, Messinger L, Miftari N, Miller R, Miller Y, Miller-Hodges E, Minatoguchi M, Miners M, Minutolo R, Mita T, Miura Y, Miyaji M, Miyamoto S, Miyatsuka T, Miyazaki M, Miyazawa I, Mizumachi R, Mizuno M, Moffat S, Mohamad Nor FS, Mohamad Zaini SN, Mohamed Affandi FA, Mohandas C, Mohd R, Mohd Fauzi NA, Mohd Sharif NH, Mohd Yusoff Y, Moist L, Moncada A, Montasser M, Moon A, Moran C, Morgan N, Moriarty J, Morig G, Morinaga H, Morino K, Morisaki T, Morishita Y, Morlok S, Morris A, Morris F, Mostafa S, Mostefai Y, Motegi M, Motherwell N, Motta D, Mottl A, Moys R, Mozaffari S, Muir J, Mulhern J, Mulligan S, Munakata Y, Murakami C, Murakoshi M, Murawska A, Murphy K, Murphy L, Murray S, Murtagh H, Musa MA, Mushahar L, Mustafa R, Mustafar R, Muto M, Nadar E, Nagano R, Nagasawa T, Nagashima E, Nagasu H, Nagelberg S, Nair H, Nakagawa Y, Nakahara M, Nakamura J, Nakamura R, Nakamura T, Nakaoka M, Nakashima E, Nakata J, Nakata M, Nakatani S, Nakatsuka A, Nakayama Y, Nakhoul G, Nangaku M, Naverrete G, Navivala A, Nazeer I, Negrea L, Nethaji C, Newman E, Ng SYA, Ng TJ, Ngu LLS, Nimbkar T, Nishi H, Nishi M, Nishi S, Nishida Y, Nishiyama A, Niu J, Niu P, Nobili G, Nohara N, Nojima I, Nolan J, Nosseir H, Nozawa M, Nunn M, Nunokawa S, Oda M, Oe M, Oe Y, Ogane K, Ogawa W, Ogihara T, Oguchi G, Ohsugi M, Oishi K, Okada Y, Okajyo J, Okamoto S, Okamura K, Olufuwa O, Oluyombo R, Omata A, Omori Y, Ong LM, Ong YC, Onyema J, Oomatia A, Oommen A, Oremus R, Orimo Y, Ortalda V, Osaki Y, Osawa Y, Osmond Foster J, O'Sullivan A, Otani T, Othman N, Otomo S, O'Toole J, Owen L, Ozawa T, Padiyar A, Page N, Pajak S, Paliege A, Pandey A, Pandey R, Pariani H, Park J, Parrigon M, Passauer J, Patecki M, Patel M, Patel R, Patel T, Patel Z, Paul R, Paul R, Paulsen L, Pavone L, Peixoto A, Peji J, Peng BC, Peng K, Pennino L, Pereira E, Perez E, Pergola P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Ravindran R, Kang H, McReynolds C, Sanghar GK, Chang WLW, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Subbian S, Hammock BD, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Ikram A, Haczku A, Khan IH. Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287377. [PMID: 37856429 PMCID: PMC10586671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the humoral immune responses to a COVID-19 vaccine in a well-controlled rhesus macaque model compared to humans immunized with two mRNA vaccines over several months post-second dose. The plasma IgG levels against seven coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) and antibody subtypes (IgG 1-4 and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated using multiplex assays. The neutralization capacity of plasma antibodies against the original SAR-CoV-2 isolate and nine variants was evaluated in vaccinated humans and non-human primates. Immunization of macaques and humans with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induced a robust neutralizing antibody response. In non-SIV-infected adult macaques immunized with an adenoviral vector expressing S-RBD (n = 7) or N protein (n = 3), elevated levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected 2 weeks post-second dose. Immune responses to the S-RBD vaccine in SIV-infected adult macaques (n = 2) were similar to the non-SIV-infected animals. Adult humans immunized with Pfizer (n = 35) or Moderna (n = 18) vaccines developed IgG and neutralizing antibodies at 4 weeks post-second dose. In both vaccine groups, IgG 1 was the predominant subtype, followed by IgG 3. The IgG levels, including total and IgG 1,2,3 elicited by the Moderna vaccine, were significantly higher than the corresponding levels elicited by the Pfizer vaccine at 4 weeks post-second dose. A significant correlation was observed between the plasma total IgG antibody levels and neutralization titers in both macaques and humans. Furthermore, broad-spectrum neutralization antibodies against several variants of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the plasma of both macaques and humans after two vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Ravindran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Harsharonjit Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Cindy McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gursharan Kaur Sanghar
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - W L William Chang
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institutes of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Angela Haczku
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Imran H Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Kolloli A, Ramasamy S, Kumar R, Nisa A, Kaplan G, Subbian S. A phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor reduces lung inflammation and fibrosis in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270414. [PMID: 37854602 PMCID: PMC10580809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involves pulmonary inflammation that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, a primary cause of lung damage/fibrosis in patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is no efficacious therapy available to alleviate lung fibrosis in COVID-19 cases. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the effect of CC-11050, a small molecule phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in dampening lung inflammation and fibrosis in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Following intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2/WA- 1/2000 strain, hamsters were treated with CC-11050 or placebo by gavage from day-1 until day-16 post-infection (dpi). Animals were monitored for body weight changes, virus titers, histopathology, fibrotic remodeling, cellular composition in the lungs between 2 and 16 dpi. Results We observed significant reduction in lung viral titer with concomitant reduction in inflammation and fibrotic remodeling in CC-11050 treated hamsters compared to untreated animals. The reductions in immunopathologic manifestations were associated with significant downregulation of inflammatory and fibrotic remodeling gene expression, reduced infiltration of activated monocytes, granulocytes, and reticular fibroblasts in CC-11050 treated animals. Cellular studies indicate a link between TNF-α and fibrotic remodeling during CC-11050 therapy. Discussion These findings suggest that CC-11050 may be a potential host-directed therapy to dampen inflammation and fibrosis in COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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Sasaninia K, Kelley M, Abnousian A, Owens J, Yoon S, Beever A, Kachour N, Yegiazaryan A, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Ramasamy S, Subbian S, Venketaraman V. Liposomal Glutathione Supplementation Mitigates Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in the Liver and Spleen. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2023; 15:15. [PMID: 37743234 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1503015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for a fifth of all Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infections worldwide. The rise of multidrug resistance in M. tb alongside the hepatotoxicity associated with antibiotics presents challenges in managing and treating tuberculosis (TB), thereby prompting a need for new therapeutic approaches. Administration of liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) has previously been shown to lower oxidative stress, enhance a granulomatous response, and reduce the burden of M. tb in the lungs of M. tb-infected mice. However, the effects of L-GSH supplementation during active EPTB in the liver and spleen have yet to be explored. METHODS In this study, we evaluated hepatic glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the cytokine profiles of untreated and L-GSH-treated M. tb-infected wild type (WT) mice. Additionally, the hepatic and splenic M. tb burdens and tissue pathologies were also assessed. RESULTS L-GSH supplementation increased total hepatic levels and reduced GSH. A decrease in the levels of MDA, oxidized GSH, and interleukin (IL)-6 was also detected following L-GSH treatment. Furthermore, L-GSH supplementation was observed to increase interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production and decrease IL-10 levels. M. tb survival was significantly reduced in the liver and spleen following L-GSH supplementation. L-GSH treatment also provided a host-protective effect in the liver and spleen of M. tb-infected mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, L-GSH supplementation elevated the levels of total and reduced forms of GSH in the liver and reduced the burden of M. tb by decreasing oxidative stress, enhancing the production of immunosupportive cytokines, and reducing the levels of immunosuppressive cytokines. These observed benefits highlight the potential of L-GSH supplementation during active EPTB and provide insight into novel therapeutic interventions against M. tb infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Sasaninia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Melissa Kelley
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Arbi Abnousian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - James Owens
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - SonYeol Yoon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Abrianna Beever
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Nala Kachour
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Aram Yegiazaryan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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9
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Ramasamy S, Gontu A, Neerukonda S, Ruggiero D, Morrow B, Gupta S, Amirthalingam S, Hardham JM, Lizer JT, Yon M, Nissly RH, Jakka P, Chothe SK, LaBella LC, Tewari D, Nair MS, Kuchipudi SV. SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence and Variant Surveillance among Cats in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Viruses 2023; 15:1493. [PMID: 37515180 PMCID: PMC10386599 DOI: 10.3390/v15071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects many mammals, and SARS-CoV-2 circulation in nonhuman animals may increase the risk of novel variant emergence. Cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and there were cases of virus transmission between cats and humans. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variant infection of cats in an urban setting. We investigated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variant infections in domestic and community cats in the city of Pittsburgh (n = 272). While no cats tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, 35 cats (12.86%) tested SARS-CoV-2-antibody-positive. Further, we compared a cat-specific experimental lateral flow assay (eLFA) and species-agnostic surrogate virus neutralization assay (sVNT) for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection in cats (n = 71). The eLFA demonstrated 100% specificity compared to sVNT. The eLFA also showed 100% sensitivity for sera with >90% inhibition and 63.63% sensitivity for sera with 40-89% inhibition in sVNT. Using a variant-specific pseudovirus neutralization assay (pVNT) and antigen cartography, we found the presence of antibodies to pre-Omicron and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. Hence, this approach proves valuable in identifying cat exposure to different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results highlight the continued exposure of cats to SARS-CoV-2 and warrant coordinated surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abhinay Gontu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Diana Ruggiero
- S.R. Scientific LLC, 5854 Ellsworth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Becky Morrow
- S.R. Scientific LLC, 5854 Ellsworth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Frankie's Friends, 740 5th Ave, New Kensington, PA 15068, USA
| | - Sheweta Gupta
- S.R. Scientific LLC, 5854 Ellsworth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Saranya Amirthalingam
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | | | - Michele Yon
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ruth H Nissly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Padmaja Jakka
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shubhada K Chothe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lindsey C LaBella
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deepanker Tewari
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA
| | - Meera Surendran Nair
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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10
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Chothe SK, Jakka P, Boorla VS, Ramasamy S, Gontu A, Nissly RH, Brown J, Turner G, Sewall BJ, Reeder DM, Field KA, Engiles JB, Amirthalingam S, Ravichandran A, LaBella L, Nair MS, Maranas CD, Kuchipudi SV. Little Brown Bats ( Myotis lucifugus) Support the Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Are Likely Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051103. [PMID: 37243189 DOI: 10.3390/v15051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), believed to have originated from a bat species, can infect a wide range of non-human hosts. Bats are known to harbor hundreds of coronaviruses capable of spillover into human populations. Recent studies have shown a significant variation in the susceptibility among bat species to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that little brown bats (LBB) express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and the transmembrane serine protease 2, which are accessible to and support SARS-CoV-2 binding. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that LBB ACE2 formed strong electrostatic interactions with the RBD similar to human and cat ACE2 proteins. In summary, LBBs, a widely distributed North American bat species, could be at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and potentially serve as a natural reservoir. Finally, our framework, combining in vitro and in silico methods, is a useful tool to assess the SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of bats and other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhada K Chothe
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Padmaja Jakka
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Veda Sheersh Boorla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abhinay Gontu
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ruth H Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Justin Brown
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA
| | - Gregory Turner
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Ave, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA
| | - Brent J Sewall
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - DeeAnn M Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Kenneth A Field
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Julie B Engiles
- Departments of Pathobiology and Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Saranya Amirthalingam
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abirami Ravichandran
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lindsey LaBella
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Meera Surendran Nair
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Costas D Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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11
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Campbell E, Dobkin J, Osorio LJ, Kolloli A, Ramasamy S, Kumar R, Sant'Angelo DB, Subbian S, Denzin LK, Anderson S. A SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Designed for Manufacturability Results in Unexpected Potency and Non-Waning Humoral Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040832. [PMID: 37112744 PMCID: PMC10145385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of several highly efficacious SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was an unprecedented scientific achievement that saved millions of lives. However, now that SARS-CoV-2 is transitioning to the endemic stage, there exists an unmet need for new vaccines that provide durable immunity and protection against variants and can be more easily manufactured and distributed. Here, we describe a novel protein component vaccine candidate, MT-001, based on a fragment of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that encompasses the receptor binding domain (RBD). Mice and hamsters immunized with a prime-boost regimen of MT-001 demonstrated extremely high anti-spike IgG titers, and remarkably this humoral response did not appreciably wane for up to 12 months following vaccination. Further, virus neutralization titers, including titers against variants such as Delta and Omicron BA.1, remained high without the requirement for subsequent boosting. MT-001 was designed for manufacturability and ease of distribution, and we demonstrate that these attributes are not inconsistent with a highly immunogenic vaccine that confers durable and broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants. These properties suggest MT-001 could be a valuable new addition to the toolbox of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other interventions to prevent infection and curtail additional morbidity and mortality from the ongoing worldwide pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Campbell
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Macrotope, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Julie Dobkin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Louis J Osorio
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Derek B Sant'Angelo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lisa K Denzin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Stephen Anderson
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Macrotope, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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12
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Vandegrift KJ, Yon M, Surendran Nair M, Gontu A, Ramasamy S, Amirthalingam S, Neerukonda S, Nissly RH, Chothe SK, Jakka P, LaBella L, Levine N, Rodriguez S, Chen C, Sheersh Boorla V, Stuber T, Boulanger JR, Kotschwar N, Aucoin SG, Simon R, Toal KL, Olsen RJ, Davis JJ, Bold D, Gaudreault NN, Dinali Perera K, Kim Y, Chang KO, Maranas CD, Richt JA, Musser JM, Hudson PJ, Kapur V, Kuchipudi SV. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Infection of Wild White-Tailed Deer in New York City. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122770. [PMID: 36560774 PMCID: PMC9785669 DOI: 10.3390/v14122770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence of SARS-CoV-2 spillover from humans into many domestic, companion, and wild animal species. Research indicates that humans have infected white-tailed deer, and that deer-to-deer transmission has occurred, indicating that deer could be a wildlife reservoir and a source of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. We examined the hypothesis that the Omicron variant is actively and asymptomatically infecting the free-ranging deer of New York City. Between December 2021 and February 2022, 155 deer on Staten Island, New York, were anesthetized and examined for gross abnormalities and illnesses. Paired nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies. Of 135 serum samples, 19 (14.1%) indicated SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and 11 reacted most strongly to the wild-type B.1 lineage. Of the 71 swabs, 8 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (4 Omicron and 4 Delta). Two of the animals had active infections and robust neutralizing antibodies, revealing evidence of reinfection or early seroconversion in deer. Variants of concern continue to circulate among and may reinfect US deer populations, and establish enzootic transmission cycles in the wild: this warrants a coordinated One Health response, to proactively surveil, identify, and curtail variants of concern before they can spill back into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J. Vandegrift
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (K.J.V.); (V.K.); (S.V.K.); Tel.: +1-814-574-9852 (K.J.V.); +1-814-865-9788 (V.K.); +1-814-863-4436 (S.V.K.)
| | - Michele Yon
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Meera Surendran Nair
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abhinay Gontu
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Saranya Amirthalingam
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Ruth H. Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shubhada K. Chothe
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Padmaja Jakka
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lindsey LaBella
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nicole Levine
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sophie Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Veda Sheersh Boorla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tod Stuber
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard Simon
- City of New York Parks & Recreation, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Katrina L. Toal
- City of New York Parks & Recreation, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Randall J. Olsen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - James J. Davis
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Division of Data Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Dashzeveg Bold
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Natasha N. Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Krishani Dinali Perera
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Costas D. Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - James M. Musser
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Vivek Kapur
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (K.J.V.); (V.K.); (S.V.K.); Tel.: +1-814-574-9852 (K.J.V.); +1-814-865-9788 (V.K.); +1-814-863-4436 (S.V.K.)
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (K.J.V.); (V.K.); (S.V.K.); Tel.: +1-814-574-9852 (K.J.V.); +1-814-865-9788 (V.K.); +1-814-863-4436 (S.V.K.)
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13
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Yang S, Zhou H, Liu M, Jaijyan D, Cruz‐Cosme R, Ramasamy S, Subbian S, Liu D, Xu J, Niu X, Li Y, Xiao L, Tyagi S, Wang Q, Zhu H, Tang Q. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV encode circular RNAs of spliceosome-independent origin. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3203-3222. [PMID: 35318674 PMCID: PMC9088628 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly recognized component of the transcriptome with critical roles in autoimmune diseases and viral pathogenesis. To address the importance of circRNA in RNA viral transcriptome, we systematically identified and characterized circRNAs encoded by the RNA genomes of betacoronaviruses using both bioinformatical and experimental approaches. We predicted 351, 224, and 2764 circRNAs derived from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, respectively. We experimentally identified 75 potential SARS-CoV-2 circRNAs from RNA samples extracted from SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells. A systematic comparison of viral and host circRNA features, including abundance, strand preference, length distribution, circular exon numbers, and breakpoint sequences, demonstrated that coronavirus-derived circRNAs had a spliceosome-independent origin. We further showed that back-splice junctions (BSJs) captured by inverse reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction have different level of resistance to RNase R. Through northern blotting with a BSJ-spanning probe targeting N gene, we identified three RNase R-resistant bands that represent SARS-CoV-2 circRNAs that are detected cytoplasmic by single-molecule and amplified fluorescence in situ hybridization assays. Lastly, analyses of 169 sequenced BSJs showed that both back-splice and forward-splice junctions were flanked by homologous and reverse complementary sequences, including but not limited to the canonical transcriptional regulatory sequences. Our findings highlight circRNAs as an important component of the coronavirus transcriptome, offer important evaluation of bioinformatic tools in the analysis of circRNAs from an RNA genome, and shed light on the mechanism of discontinuous RNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain MedicineShenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
- Department of Microbiology, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward University College of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Mingde Liu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
| | - Dabbu Jaijyan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ruth Cruz‐Cosme
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward University College of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolThe State University of New JerseyNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolThe State University of New JerseyNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward University College of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
| | - Yaolan Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain MedicineShenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhenChina
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolThe State University of New JerseyNewarkNew JerseyUSA
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhioUSA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of MicrobiologyHoward University College of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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14
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Beever A, Kachour N, Owens J, Sasaninia K, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Ramasamy S, Sisliyan C, Khamas W, Subbian S, Venketaraman V. L-GSH Supplementation in Conjunction With Rifampicin Augments the Treatment Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Diabetic Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879729. [PMID: 35814213 PMCID: PMC9263396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both active tuberculosis (TB) and asymptomatic latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection (LTBI) cause significant health burdens to humans worldwide. Individuals with immunocompromising health conditions, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), have a weakened ability to control M. tb infection and are more susceptible to reactivation of LTBI to active diseases. T2DM cases are known to have glutathione (GSH) deficiency and impaired immune cell function, including the granulomatous response to M. tb infection. We have previously reported that liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) supplementation can restore the immune cell effector responses of T2DM cases. However, the effects of L-GSH supplementation on the bactericidal activities of first-line anti-TB drug rifampicin (RIF) against M. tb infection have yet to be explored. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of L-GSH supplementation in conjunction with RIF treatment during an active M. tb infection in a diabetic mouse model. In this study, we evaluated total and reduced levels of GSH, cytokine profiles, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, M. tb burden, and granulomatous response in the lungs. We show that L-GSH supplementation caused a significant reduction in M. tb burden in the lungs, decreased oxidative stress, and increased the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-10, and TGF-β1compared to the untreated mice. In addition, L-GSH supplementation in conjunction with RIF treatment achieved better control of M. tb infection in the lungs and significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress compared to treatment with RIF alone. Moreover, L-GSH in conjunction with RIF significantly increased TGF-β1 levels compared to treatment with RIF alone. These findings suggest potential therapeutic benefits of L-GSH supplementation in conjunction with first-line antibiotic therapy against M. tb infection in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrianna Beever
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Nala Kachour
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - James Owens
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Kayvan Sasaninia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute(PHRI) Center at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute(PHRI) Center at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute(PHRI) Center at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Christina Sisliyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Wael Khamas
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute(PHRI) Center at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Vishwanath Venketaraman,
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15
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Gontu A, Marlin EA, Ramasamy S, Neerukonda S, Anil G, Morgan J, Quraishi M, Chen C, Boorla VS, Nissly RH, Jakka P, Chothe SK, Ravichandran A, Kodali N, Amirthalingam S, LaBella L, Kelly K, Natesan P, Minns AM, Rossi RM, Werner JR, Hovingh E, Lindner SE, Tewari D, Kapur V, Vandegrift KJ, Maranas CD, Surendran Nair M, Kuchipudi SV. Development and Validation of Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Cattle, Swine, and Chicken. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071358. [PMID: 35891340 PMCID: PMC9317974 DOI: 10.3390/v14071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple domestic and wild animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cattle and swine are susceptible to experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection. The unchecked transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in animal hosts could lead to virus adaptation and the emergence of novel variants. In addition, the spillover and subsequent adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in livestock could significantly impact food security as well as animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to monitor livestock species for SARS-CoV-2 spillover. We developed and optimized species-specific indirect ELISAs (iELISAs) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle, swine, and chickens using the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen. Serum samples collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were used to determine the cut-off threshold. RBD hyperimmunized sera from cattle (n = 3), swine (n = 6), and chicken (n = 3) were used as the positive controls. The iELISAs were evaluated compared to a live virus neutralization test using cattle (n = 150), swine (n = 150), and chicken (n = 150) serum samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The iELISAs for cattle, swine, and chicken were found to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. These tools facilitate the surveillance that is necessary to quickly identify spillovers into the three most important agricultural species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinay Gontu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Erika A. Marlin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
- Clinical & Diagnostic Assay Development Group, Pfizer, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
| | | | - Gayatri Anil
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Jasmine Morgan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Meysoon Quraishi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.C.); (V.S.B.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Veda Sheersh Boorla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.C.); (V.S.B.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Ruth H. Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Padmaja Jakka
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Shubhada K. Chothe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Abirami Ravichandran
- Department of Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Nishitha Kodali
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.M.M.); (R.M.R.); (S.E.L.); (V.K.); (K.J.V.)
| | - Saranya Amirthalingam
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.M.M.); (R.M.R.); (S.E.L.); (V.K.); (K.J.V.)
| | - Lindsey LaBella
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (K.K.)
| | - Pazhanivel Natesan
- Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, India;
| | - Allen M. Minns
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.M.M.); (R.M.R.); (S.E.L.); (V.K.); (K.J.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Randall M. Rossi
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.M.M.); (R.M.R.); (S.E.L.); (V.K.); (K.J.V.)
| | - Jacob R. Werner
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Scott E. Lindner
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.M.M.); (R.M.R.); (S.E.L.); (V.K.); (K.J.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deepanker Tewari
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Harrisburg, PA 17110, USA;
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.M.M.); (R.M.R.); (S.E.L.); (V.K.); (K.J.V.)
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kurt J. Vandegrift
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.M.M.); (R.M.R.); (S.E.L.); (V.K.); (K.J.V.)
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Costas D. Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.C.); (V.S.B.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Meera Surendran Nair
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.G.); (E.A.M.); (S.R.); (G.A.); (J.M.); (M.Q.); (P.J.); (S.K.C.); (N.K.); (S.A.); (L.L.); (E.H.)
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (R.H.N.); (K.K.)
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (A.M.M.); (R.M.R.); (S.E.L.); (V.K.); (K.J.V.)
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (S.V.K.)
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16
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Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Husain S, Soteropoulos P, Chang TL, Subbian S. Comprehensive Analysis of Disease Pathology in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Hosts following Pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061343. [PMID: 35740365 PMCID: PMC9219777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disproportionately affects immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, with the latter group being more vulnerable to severe disease and death. However, the differential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of a specific immunological niche remains unknown. Similarly, systematic analysis of disease pathology in various extrapulmonary organs in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts during SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood. We used a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which recapitulates the pathophysiology of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, to determine the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 replication and histopathology at organ-level niches and map how COVID-19 symptoms vary in different immune contexts. Hamsters were intranasally infected with low (LD) or high (HD) inoculums of SARS-CoV-2, and the kinetics of disease pathology and viral load in multiple organs, antibody response, inflammatory cytokine expression, and genome-wide lung transcriptome by RNAseq analysis were determined and compared against corresponding responses from chemically induced immunocompromised hamsters. We observed transient body weight loss proportional to the SARS-CoV-2 infectious dose in immunocompetent hamsters. The kinetics of viral replication and peak viral loads were similar between LD and HD groups, although the latter developed more severe disease pathology in organs. Both groups generated a robust serum antibody response. In contrast, infected immunocompromised animals showed more prolonged body weight loss and mounted an inadequate SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody response. The live virus was detected in the pulmonary and extrapulmonary organs for extended periods. These hamsters also had persistent inflammation with severe bronchiolar-alveolar hyperplasia/metaplasia. Consistent with the differential disease presentation, distinct changes in inflammation and immune cell response pathways and network gene expression were seen in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected immunocompetent and immunocompromised animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (S.R.); (A.K.); (R.K.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (S.R.); (A.K.); (R.K.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (S.R.); (A.K.); (R.K.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Seema Husain
- The Genomics Center at Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (S.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- The Genomics Center at Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (S.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Theresa L. Chang
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (S.R.); (A.K.); (R.K.); (T.L.C.)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (S.R.); (A.K.); (R.K.); (T.L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-973-854-3226
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17
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Tafreshi S, Le R, Ramasamy S, Choudhury P, Goldman D, Hamilton B. Abstract No. 285 Women in academic radiology: comparative analysis of leadership in interventional and diagnostic radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Chen C, Boorla VS, Chowdhury R, Nissly RH, Gontu A, Chothe SK, LaBella L, Jakka P, Ramasamy S, Vandegrift KJ, Nair MS, Kuchipudi SV, Maranas CD. A CNN model for predicting binding affinity changes between SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD variants and ACE2 homologues. bioRxiv 2022:2022.03.22.485413. [PMID: 35350198 PMCID: PMC8963690 DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.22.485413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) involves the association of its receptor binding domain (RBD) with human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as the first crucial step. Efficient and reliable prediction of RBD-hACE2 binding affinity changes upon amino acid substitutions can be valuable for public health surveillance and monitoring potential spillover and adaptation into non-human species. Here, we introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained on protein sequence and structural features to predict experimental RBD-hACE2 binding affinities of 8,440 variants upon single and multiple amino acid substitutions in the RBD or ACE2. The model achieves a classification accuracy of 83.28% and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.85 between predicted and experimentally calculated binding affinities in five-fold cross-validation tests and predicts improved binding affinity for most circulating variants. We pro-actively used the CNN model to exhaustively screen for novel RBD variants with combinations of up to four single amino acid substitutions and suggested candidates with the highest improvements in RBD-ACE2 binding affinity for human and animal ACE2 receptors. We found that the binding affinity of RBD variants against animal ACE2s follows similar trends as those against human ACE2. White-tailed deer ACE2 binds to RBD almost as tightly as human ACE2 while cattle, pig, and chicken ACE2s bind weakly. The model allows testing whether adaptation of the virus for increased binding with other animals would cause concomitant increases in binding with hACE2 or decreased fitness due to adaptation to other hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Veda Sheersh Boorla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ratul Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ruth H. Nissly
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abhinay Gontu
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shubhada K. Chothe
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lindsey LaBella
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Padmaja Jakka
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kurt J. Vandegrift
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Meera Surendran Nair
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Suresh V. Kuchipudi
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Costas D. Maranas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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19
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Merolli A, Kasaei L, Ramasamy S, Kolloli A, Kumar R, Subbian S, Feldman LC. An intra-cytoplasmic route for SARS-CoV-2 transmission unveiled by Helium-ion microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3794. [PMID: 35260703 PMCID: PMC8904465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virions enter the host cells by docking their spike glycoproteins to the membrane-bound Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. After intracellular assembly, the newly formed virions are released from the infected cells to propagate the infection, using the extra-cytoplasmic ACE2 docking mechanism. However, the molecular events underpinning SARS-CoV-2 transmission between host cells are not fully understood. Here, we report the findings of a scanning Helium-ion microscopy study performed on Vero E6 cells infected with mNeonGreen-expressing SARS-CoV-2. Our data reveal, with unprecedented resolution, the presence of: (1) long tunneling nanotubes that connect two or more host cells over submillimeter distances; (2) large scale multiple cell fusion events (syncytia); and (3) abundant extracellular vesicles of various sizes. Taken together, these ultrastructural features describe a novel intra-cytoplasmic connection among SARS-CoV-2 infected cells that may act as an alternative route of viral transmission, disengaged from the well-known extra-cytoplasmic ACE2 docking mechanism. Such route may explain the elusiveness of SARS-CoV-2 to survive from the immune surveillance of the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Merolli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, DLS Building, 145 Bevier Road, Room 108, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Leila Kasaei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Afsal Kolloli
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kumar
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Leonard C Feldman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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Ramasamy S, Bylapudi SK, Toe K. 389 The Benefit of Pre-Emptive Peri-Incisional Local Anesthesia in Day-Case Open Hernia Repair. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Hernia repair is one of the common operations performed in the United Kingdom. The novel technique of intra-operative local anaesthesia has improved the outcomes in recovery and has reduced overnight hospital stay. The aim of the study was to compare the postoperative pain, LOS and overall satisfaction in the group where local anaesthesia (LA) was injected peri incisional versus LA at the end of the procedure.
Method
In this prospective observational study, 70 consecutive unselected men underwent open inguinal hernia repair as a day case. Of these, 35 underwent repair under GA + peri-incisional LA solution (an equal mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine and 1% lignocaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline) (Group A) and 35 with GA with LA injected at the end of the procedure (Group B). Pain score assessed postoperatively at 2 hours and the next day after the procedure telephonically. A validated patient questionnaire was used to get the satisfaction level of the patients.
Results
The median age of group A was 57.1 years, and, in group B, it was 59.7 years. All of them underwent Lichenstein hernia repair. None of them in group A had a pain score of more than three. 4 patients in group B had a pain score of more than 3 post-operatively (11%). On postoperative day 1, only one patient had pain score of 4, whereas, in Group B 14 patients (40%) had pain score > 4 (P-value 0.042). Six patients (14.2%) in group B failed day-case discharge criteria. None of the patients in both groups were dissatisfied.
Conclusions
Patients undergoing day-case GA inguinal hernioplasty with peri-incisional pre-emptive LA solution infiltration have adequate postoperative pain control and a good satisfaction level. These patients are unlikely to fail discharge for planned day-case surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ramasamy
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - S. K. Bylapudi
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - K. Toe
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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21
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Harvitkar R, Harishkumar P, Ramasamy S. 173 Causes of Death in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A SEER-Based Study. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To identify the commonest causes of non-cancer mortality in patients with PAC and compare their mortality risk with the general population.
Method
This population-based study analyzed data of PAC patients registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1975 to 2016. Patients were followed up until 2016.We studied cancer and non-cancer causes of death and investigated their possible association with age, sex, race, tumor stage at presentation, and treatment modality; each according to the time interval from diagnosis during which death events occurred (intervals included < 1 year, 1–5 years, 5–10 years, and > 10 years after diagnosis).We estimated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) for each mortality cause in each time interval. Analysis was conducted using SEER*Stat software version 8.3.9.
Result
A total of 67,694 PAC patients included in the analysis; of these patients, 64,347 (95.06%) died during the follow-up period. Most deaths occurred due to cancers (61,685; 95.86% of deaths), while non-cancer mortality causes represented only 4.14%.The commonest causes of non-cancer mortality were heart diseases (SMR = 2.79;95%CI,2.6–2.98),cerebrovascular diseases (SMR = 3.11;95% CI, 2.71–3.56), and septicemia (SMR = 8.2;95%CI,6.9–9.68).PAC patients had a higher mortality risk than the general population for all studied mortality causes except Alzheimer's disease (SMR = 0.5;95% CI, 0.3–0.78) and homicide and legal intervention (SMR = 2.29; 95%CI, 0.47–6.68).
Conclusions
About 96% of PAC patients' deaths are due to cancers. While the dominant non-cancer causes of death in these patients include heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and septicemia, with a higher risk of mortality for most non-cancer causes than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. Ramasamy
- Milton Keynes Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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22
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Ramasamy S, Kumar S, Al-Habsi R, GS D, Keeler B, Khanna A. 301 Blood Grouping and Save in Day Case Laparoscopic Surgery – Potential for Resource Savings? Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Currently, patients listed for Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Laparoscopic Appendicectomy undergo routine Blood Grouping and Saving (G&S) pre-operatively. Blood transfusion administration in this context is a rare occurrence. Processing of G&S samples takes approximately 45 minutes and costs £31 per sample. This excludes the phlebotomy and junior doctor resources for sample collection, which incurs additional costs.
We retrospectively assessed the blood transfusion requirements in those patients who underwent either a laparoscopic appendicectomy or cholecystectomy in the last 18 months at a busy District General Hospital (Milton Keynes Hospital) to determine if there were any potential costs and resource savings that could have been made.
Method
Retrospective case notes analysis of patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic appendicectomy from January 2019 to June 2020 focusing on timing of G&S, preoperative and postoperative haemoglobin, the timing of blood transfusion and the number of units transfused.
Results
Of a total of 613 patients, 323 patients had laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 256 (78.8%) of these had 1 G&S sample and 96 (29.7%) had 2 samples.
290 patients had laparoscopic appendicectomy. 190 (65.5%) of these laparoscopic appendicectomy patients had 1 G&S sample and 89 (30.6%) had two G&S samples.
None of the 613 patients was transfused. The total cost of G&S was £22,196.
Conclusions
Our study illustrates that in this group there was no requirement for blood transfusion. Routine group and save samples result in a significant waste of resources and finances. Targeted groups and save samples should be reserved for high-risk groups only.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ramasamy
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - S. Kumar
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - R. Al-Habsi
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - D. GS
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - B. Keeler
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - A. Khanna
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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23
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Ramasamy S, Fazel M, Patel G. 260 Comparison of Patient Satisfaction and Outcomes of Day Case Mastectomy Versus Inpatient Model, Using a Validated Questionnaire. Br J Surg 2022. [PMCID: PMC9383525 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Many women undergoing simple mastectomy have an overnight hospital stay. Offering a day case procedure for simple mastectomy has the potential to improve outcomes in terms of patient safety, feasibility, and reduction in associated costs. We aimed to study the proportion of day case mastectomies over a 2-year period and assessed relative readmission and complication rates alongside patient reported outcome measures (PROMs). Following this, we wanted to analyse whether a day case procedure should be routinely offered. Method A retrospective audit was conducted on all patients undergoing a simple mastectomy. Data were collected from patient and pathology records. PROMs were obtained via telephone conversation using the validated BREAST-Q survey. Patient demographics, reason for mastectomy and readmission for complications were all assessed. Results Out of the 202 patients analysed, over 75% had an overnight stay. The most common complications for both groups of patients were readmission due to infection and haematoma evacuation, with similar rates across the two (p = 0.26, p = 0.69). Data from PROMs also suggested that patients had similar outcome and satisfaction levels (p = 0.27). Conclusions The result from this study shows that it is safe as well as acceptable to patients to offer simple mastectomies as a day case procedure. This has become more important since COVID-19 reduced inpatient theatre capacity, and it is anticipated that these outcomes will allow a routine day case mastectomy pathway to be established even when normal operations recommence as encouraged by the association of day case surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ramasamy
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - M. Fazel
- Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - G. Patel
- Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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24
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Ayyavoo S, Ramasamy S. Removal of mercury(II) by tri n-butyl phosphate based supported liquid membrane. B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v35i2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Mercury even at a trace level poses a significant threat to the environment and the ecosystem. Thus, prompting the need to develop a technology to separate mercury(II) selectively from aqueous solutions. The removal of mercury(II) from aqueous solutions using tri n-butyl phosphate (TBP) based supported liquid membrane (SLM) was investigated in this study. HCl and NaOH were used as feed and strip phases, respectively. Factors considered for designing the experiments using the Taguchi method include feed phase acid concentration, strip phase alkali concentration, carrier concentration and initial feed phase mercury(II) concentration. The results indicated that carrier concentration was the most influential factor on the removal efficiency. The percentage contribution of each factor was calculated. The results show that carrier concentration and initial feed phase mercury(II) concentration have a maximum contribution. For the maximum removal of 91.7% of mercury(II) (initial concentration - 10 mg/L) in the feed phase, the optimum conditions were 0.3 M of HCl, 0.2 M of NaOH, and 90% of TBP. SEM analysis was performed to evidence the transportation process through the membrane. The research study indicated the potential use of TBP as a carrier in the SLM system for the selective separation of mercury in trace concentration.
KEY WORDS: Removal of mercury(II), Tri n-butyl phosphate, Taguchi method, Supported liquid membrane
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 273-286.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.5
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25
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Saraswathy T, Nalliah S, Rosliza AM, Ramasamy S, Jalina K, Shahar HK, Amin-Nordin S. Applying interprofessional simulation to improve knowledge, attitude and practice in hospital- acquired infection control among health professionals. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:482. [PMID: 34503488 PMCID: PMC8427557 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of an innovative approach using interprofessional simulation scenarios (IPSS) in improving knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of hospital-acquired infection control (HAIC) among health professionals. METHODS The interventional study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from surgical, intensive care, and other units. Thirty-six health professionals in the experimental and forty in the control group completed the study. All subjects participated in an interactive lecture and demonstrated four IPSS on HAIC i.e. (i) taking blood specimen (ii) bedsore dressing (iii) collecting sputum for acid-fast bacilli and (iv) intermittent bladder catheterization. Each team consisted of a doctor and a nurse. A self-administered questionnaire on KAP on HAIC was completed by respondents during the pre-, immediately and, post-intervention. An independent t-test was conducted to measure the significance between the experimental and control group. RESULTS The mean scores for KAP among the experimental group increased following the intervention. Significant differences in scores were seen between the two groups post-intervention (p < 0.05). Overall, using the four procedures as surrogates, the interprofessional learning approach in HAIC intervention showed improvement among the participants in the experimental group following structured instructions. The IPSS approach in HAIC clearly shows its relevance in improving learning outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Well-designed interprofessional simulated scenarios can be effective in skills training in improving KAP in HAIC among health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saraswathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- International Medical College, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - S Nalliah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, International Medical University, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - A M Rosliza
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Ramasamy
- Department of Psychology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Jalina
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Hayati Kadir Shahar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Institute of Aging(MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Amin-Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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26
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Ramasamy S, Bylapudi SK, Jameel MR, Raja M. Entrapped appendicitis in post TAPP mesh repair. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:e317-e318. [PMID: 34414784 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair is a common laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair technique performed worldwide. A rare long-term complication of TAPP is mesh-induced appendicitis, of which only four cases have been described in the literature to date. We report a case of appendicitis due to appendix entrapped in the TAPP mesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramasamy
- Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S K Bylapudi
- Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M R Jameel
- Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Raja
- Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a rapidly evolving pandemic worldwide with at least 68 million COVID-19-positive cases and a mortality rate of about 2.2%, as of 10 December 2020. About 20% of COVID-19 patients exhibit moderate to severe symptoms. Severe COVID-19 manifests as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with elevated plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10/IP10), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), with low levels of interferon type I (IFN-I) in the early stage and elevated levels of IFN-I during the advanced stage of COVID-19. Most of the severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients have had preexisting comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases. These conditions are known to perturb the levels of cytokines, chemokines, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an essential receptor involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells. ACE2 downregulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection activates the angiotensin II/angiotensin receptor (AT1R)-mediated hypercytokinemia and hyperinflammatory syndrome. However, several SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including open reading frame 3b (ORF3b), ORF6, ORF7, ORF8, and the nucleocapsid (N) protein, can inhibit IFN type I and II (IFN-I and -II) production. Thus, hyperinflammation, in combination with the lack of IFN responses against SARS-CoV-2 early on during infection, makes the patients succumb rapidly to COVID-19. Therefore, therapeutic approaches involving anti-cytokine/anti-cytokine-signaling and IFN therapy would favor the disease prognosis in COVID-19. This review describes critical host and viral factors underpinning the inflammatory "cytokine storm" induction and IFN antagonism during COVID-19 pathogenesis. Therapeutic approaches to reduce hyperinflammation and their limitations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhamani Ramasamy
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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28
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Ramasamy S, Zain S, Roy A, Kumar R, Kolloli A, Chang TLY, Kumar V, Subbian S. SARS-CoV-2 spike binding peptides: A potential therapeutic approach for COVID-19. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.20.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has infected about 100 million people and resulted in 2.6% mortality worldwide since late 2019. Various anti-viral agents, such as Remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine, have been used empirically to treat COVID-19. However, efficient therapeutics for COVID-19 are yet to be developed. SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells by binding its envelope spike protein to the cellular receptors, like the ACE2. Here, we report the assessment of a panel of SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding synthetic, self-assembling peptides for their therapeutic potential. A HIV-1 pseudo typed virus (pNL-Luc.R-E-) expressing full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was used to evaluate the anti-viral effect of these peptides. Briefly, pseudoviruses were treated with nine peptides at 0.01μM, 0.1μM, 1μM, 10μM concentrations before infecting 293T cells overexpressing ACE2. Viral infection was determined by measuring the luciferase activity of the infected cells. The anti-SARS-CoV2 activity of tested peptides was also evaluated by plaque-forming assay using replication-competent viruses. All the tested peptides showed SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, and five of the nine peptides showed IC50 values ≤ 0.01μM. In a rat model, we showed that the peptides, administered at 1mM daily-dosing for 10 days, was non-toxic and well-tolerated, indicating their potential therapeutic use for COVID-19. Further study warrants in vivo efficacy testing of selected peptides in preclinical animal models.
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Thangarajoo S, Rosliza AM, Nalliah S, Karim J, Shohaimi S, Ramasamy S, Amin-Nordin S. Self-assessment, attitude and perception of interprofessional learning in hospital acquired infection control practices among health professionals in Klang Valley, Malaysia. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 33902577 PMCID: PMC8077907 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional learning (IPL) is a key challenge in Malaysia in incorporating the current profession-specific medical education into the interprofessional learning curriculum. Safe practices would be enhanced with improved collaboration among the health professionals when they learn with, from, and about each other. The main objective of this study was to determine the significant differences in self-assessment, attitude, and perception of interprofessional learning among doctors and nurses in a teaching hospital in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The second objective was to determine if there is any significant difference in the selected demography factors, mean and total scores between doctors and nurses in self-assessment, attitude, and perceptions of IPL aspects. METHODS A total of doctors (39) and nurses (37) were recruited for an interventional study on the interprofessional learning approach on hospital acquired infection control. The participants responded to the University of West England Interprofessional (UWEIP) questionnaire at baseline consisting of four dimensions in IPL aspects; Self-assessment on communication and teamwork skills (CTW), interprofessional learning (IPL), interprofessional interaction (IPI), and interprofessional relationship (IPR). The Cronbach alpha value for the total questionnaire was established at 0.79. RESULTS The majority of doctors scored positive in CTW, IPL, IPR, and neutral in IPI. Nurses' also recorded the highest positive scores in CTW, IPL, and IPR, and neutral in IPI. Negative scores were found in CTW and IPI. A significant difference was revealed between doctors and nurses in IPL attitude; p = 0.024 and there was no significant difference in other dimensions (p > .05). Results also found a significant difference between participants' and non-participants of IPL training sessions; p = 0.009. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the infusion of interprofessional learning training among the health professionals displayed better self-assessments, attitudes, and perceptions towards collaborative practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathy Thangarajoo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- International Medical College, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - A M Rosliza
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sivalingam Nalliah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Sciences, International Medical University, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Jalina Karim
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - S Ramasamy
- Department of Psychology, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Amin-Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
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Iyizoba-Ebozue Z, Murray LJ, Ramasamy S, Sen M, Murray P, Cardale K, Dyker K, Prestwich RJD. Radiotherapy for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma With an Uninvolved Contralateral Neck: The Safety of Omission of Contralateral High Level II and Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes From Elective Target Volumes. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 33:331-339. [PMID: 33358282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyse outcomes and patterns of failure in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) treated with definitive volumetric modulated arc therapy with omission of contralateral high level II lymph nodes (HLII) and retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLN) in the contralateral uninvolved neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with OPC treated between January 2016 and July 2019 were retrospectively identified. In the absence of contralateral neck disease, institutional protocols allowed omission of contralateral HLII and contralateral RPLN in the additional absence of ipsilateral RPLN, soft palate/posterior pharyngeal wall primary. RESULTS In total, 238 patients with OPC and an uninvolved contralateral neck received definitive (chemo)radiotherapy with bilateral neck treatment. The median follow-up was 30.6 months. Two-year local control, regional control and overall survival were 91.0, 91.6 and 86.5%, respectively. Contralateral HLII were omitted in 159/238 (66.8%) patients; this included 106 patients in whom the primary tumour was at/crossed the midline. The contralateral RPLN region was omitted from elective target volumes for 175/238 (73.5%); this included 114 patients with a primary tumour at/crossed the midline. The mean contralateral parotid dose when contralateral HLII and RPLN were both omitted was 24.4 Gy, compared with 28.3 Gy without HLII/RPLN omission (P < 0.001). Regional progression occurred in 18/238 (7.6%) patients, all involving the ipsilateral neck with one bilateral. There were no recurrences in the contralateral HLII or RPLN regions. CONCLUSION In patients with OPC and an uninvolved contralateral neck receiving bilateral (chemo)radiotherapy, the omission of contralateral RPLN and HLII from elective target volumes was safe and could lead to reduced contralateral parotid doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L J Murray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, UK
| | - S Ramasamy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - M Sen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - P Murray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - K Cardale
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - K Dyker
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - R J D Prestwich
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds, UK.
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31
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Anjalin JR, Ramasamy S, Pavithran V. An insight on innovative teaching strategies: A cross-sectional survey among the oral medicine and radiology faculties in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry, India. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_94_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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32
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Anjalin JR, Ramasamy S, Nirmal RM. Early exfoliation as an indication for evaluation: A case report. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_189_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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33
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Thirunavukarasu S, Mathew P, Austin R, Srivastava K, Ramasamy S, Usha V. Efficacy of toluidine blue, lugol's iodine and acetic acid for detecting oral lesions of Leukoplakia and erosive lichen planus – A cross-sectional study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_22_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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34
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Inbaraj S, Sejian V, Ramasamy S. Role of environmental stressor-host immune system–pathogen interactions in development of infectious disease in farm animals. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1695084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Inbaraj
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of microbiology and immunology, Post-doctoral research fellow, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Othim STO, Ramasamy S, Kahuthia-Gathu R, Dubois T, Ekesi S, Fiaboe KKM. Effects of Host Age and Density on the Performance of Apanteles hemara (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Larval Endoparasitoid of Spoladea recurvalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:2131-2141. [PMID: 31215620 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The amaranth leaf-webber, Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius; Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a serious pest of Amaranthus sp. in Africa and Asia. Apanteles hemara (Nixon; Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is by far the most important larval endoparasitoid of the amaranth leaf-webber. We examined the effects of host density and age on the biological characteristics of A. hemara. The regression model of the number of hosts supplied to A. hemara against the number of larvae parasitized resulted in a curve corresponding to type II functional response, with a significant increase in the number of hosts parasitized up to the density of 30 hosts before being constant up to 40 hosts. In contrast, the parasitism rate decreased linearly with increasing host densities. Development time, sex ratio, and adult longevity were not significantly affected by host density. The immature parasitoid mortality was significantly higher at higher host densities. Apanteles hemara did not parasitize 7-d-old larvae and beyond, while parasitism was significantly higher among 1- to 2-d-old compared with 3- to 4-d-old larvae. Immature parasitoid mortality was 2.6 times higher in 1- to 2-d-old larvae compared with 5- to 6-d-old larvae. The developmental period of the parasitoid from egg to adult was longest among 1- to 2-d-old larvae and least among 5- to 6-d-old larvae. Nonreproductive mortality was markedly higher among 1- to 2-d-old larvae compared with the older larvae. Adult female A. hemara were significantly larger on 3- to 4-d-old larvae compared with either 1- to 2-d-old or 5- to 6-d-old larvae. We discuss the implications of our results for the interpretation of functional response in parasitoids, mass rearing, conservation, and augmentative biological control of S. recurvalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T O Othim
- Kenyatta University, Department of Agriculture Science and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Plant Health Theme, Nairobi, Kenya
- World Vegetable Center - Eastern and Southern Africa, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - S Ramasamy
- World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - R Kahuthia-Gathu
- Kenyatta University, Department of Agriculture Science and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - T Dubois
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Plant Health Theme, Nairobi, Kenya
- World Vegetable Center - Eastern and Southern Africa, Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - S Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Plant Health Theme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - K K M Fiaboe
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Plant Health Theme, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of skin microbiota in acne remains to be fully elucidated. Initial culture-based investigations were hampered by growth rate and selective media bias. Even with less biased genomic methods, sampling, lysis and methodology, the task of describing acne pathophysiology remains challenging. Acne occurs in sites dominated by Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) and Malassezia species, both of which can function either as commensal or pathogen. OBJECTIVES This article aims to review the current state of the art of the microbiome and acne. METHODS The literature regarding the microbiome and acne was reviewed. RESULTS It remains unclear whether there is a quantitative difference in microbial community distribution, making it challenging to understand any community shift from commensal to pathogenic nature. It is plausible that acne involves (i) change in the distribution of species/strains, (ii) stable distribution with pathogenic alteration in response to internal (intermicrobe) or external stimuli (host physiology or environmental) or (iii) a combination of these factors. CONCLUSIONS Understanding physiological changes in bacterial species and strains will be required to define their specific roles, and identify any potential intervention points, in acne pathogenesis and treatment. It will also be necessary to determine whether any fungal species are involved, and establish whether they play a significant role. Further investigation using robust, modern analytic tools in longitudinal studies with a large number of participants, may make it possible to determine whether the microbiota plays a causal role, is primarily involved in exacerbation, or is merely a bystander. It is likely that the final outcome will show that acne is the result of complex microbe-microbe and community-host interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramasamy
- Skin Research Institute Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Barnard
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - T L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, U.S.A
| | - H Li
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.,UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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Ajasin DO, Rao VR, Wu X, Ramasamy S, Pujato M, Ruiz AP, Fiser A, Bresnick AR, Kalpana GV, Prasad VR. CCL2 mobilizes ALIX to facilitate Gag-p6 mediated HIV-1 virion release. eLife 2019; 8:35546. [PMID: 31172941 PMCID: PMC6592687 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular ESCRT machinery plays pivotal role in HIV-1 budding and release. Extracellular stimuli that modulate HIV-1 egress are currently unknown. We found that CCL2 induced by HIV-1 clade B (HIV-1B) infection of macrophages enhanced virus production, while CCL2 immuno-depletion reversed this effect. Additionally, HIV-1 clade C (HIV-1C) was refractory to CCL2 levels. We show that CCL2-mediated increase in virus production requires Gag late motif LYPX present in HIV-1B, but absent in HIV-1C, and ALIX protein that recruits ESCRT III complex. CCL2 immuno-depletion sequestered ALIX to F-actin structures, while CCL2 addition mobilized it to cytoplasm facilitating Gag-ALIX binding. The LYPX motif improves virus replication and its absence renders the virus less fit. Interestingly, novel variants of HIV-1C with PYRE/PYKE tetrapeptide insertions in Gag-p6 conferred ALIX binding, CCL2-responsiveness and enhanced virus replication. These results, for the first time, indicate that CCL2 mediates ALIX mobilization from F-actin and enhances HIV-1 release and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Ajasin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Vasudev R Rao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Xuhong Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Santhamani Ramasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Mario Pujato
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Arthur P Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Ganjam V Kalpana
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Vinayaka R Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
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Ramasamy S, Murray L, Cardale K, Dyker K, Murray P, Sen M, Prestwich R. Quality Assurance Peer Review of Head and Neck Contours in a Large Cancer Centre via a Weekly Meeting Approach. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:344-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Waldram R, Taylor A, Prestwich R, Whittam S, Murray L, Al-Qaisieh B, Cardale K, Ramasamy S, Murray P, Dyker K, Sen M. PO-073 Outcomes and patterns of failure of oral squamous cell carcinomas treated post-operatively with IMRT. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Whittam S, Al-Qaisieh B, Prestwich R, Cardale K, Ramasamy S, Murray P, Dyker K, Sen M. PO-125 Visibility study for GTVp delineation for Head and Neck following recent consensus guidelines. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chew FLM, Qurut SE, Hassan I, Lim ST, Ramasamy S, Rahmat J. Paediatric cataract surgery in Hospital Kuala Lumpur - A 5-year review of visual outcomes. Med J Malaysia 2019; 74:15-19. [PMID: 30846656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paediatric cataract surgery is challenging with reported post-operative visual acuity (VA) of 0.3LogMar or better varying between 33% to 68% of patients. OBJECTIVE The aim is to document the post-operative refraction, VA and complications of non-traumatic pediatric cataract surgery performed in a tertiary referral center in Malaysia. METHODOLOGY This retrospective study reviewed case notes of all consecutive patients aged 12 years and below who underwent cataract surgery from January 2010 to December 2015. Patients were recruited if they had a minimum of six months post-operative follow-up. Exclusion criteria included traumatic cataract, central nervous system abnormalities, incomplete medical records or pre-existing ocular pathology. Subjects were divided into two groups based on refraction at one month. Subjects with refraction within 1- dioptre of the targeted spherical equivalent were in the success group and the rest were in the failure group. RESULTS A total of 111 subjects were recruited (65 subjects in success group and 46 subjects in the failure group). Mean age at surgery was 33.14 (SD: 33.47) months. The success group had significantly longer axial length (p:0.0045, CI: 0.566-0.994, OR: 0.750). At final review, 44.1%(49/111) subjects had visual acuity of 0.3LogMar or better. The success group had better final mean VA in comparison to the failure group (p:0.034, CI:1.079-7.224, OR: 2.791). CONCLUSION The outcome of non-traumatic paediatric cataract surgery was acceptable with 58.6% achieved targeted refractive correction at 1-month post-operative period. Longer axial length was associated with better refractive outcome. Capsule related complications was the most common intra-operative complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L M Chew
- Hospital Selayang, Department of Ophthalmology, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - S E Qurut
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I Hassan
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S T Lim
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Ramasamy
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Rahmat
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nandhini J, Ramasamy S, Kaul R, Sakthivel S, Munshi MAI, Sunil S. Estimation of the level of salivary proinflammatory cytokine in oral lichen planus – A case–control study in cuddalore-based population. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_43_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nandhini J, Ramasamy S, Ramya K, Kaul RN, Felix AJW, Austin RD. Is nonsurgical management effective in temporomandibular joint disorders? - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2018; 15:231-241. [PMID: 30123299 PMCID: PMC6073942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various nonsurgical interventions have been used for the management of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, but their clinical effectiveness remains unclear. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analyses was to assess the evidence of the effectiveness of nonsurgical interventions in the management of TMJ disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search on five databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central Cochrane, TRIP, NGCH databases and hand searching was conducted for a period from October 1995 to 2015. Randomized control trials (RCTs) on the nonsurgical management of TMJ disorders were included and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of the articles was assessed by JADAD scoring. Finally, out of 23 RCTs, 11 articles having any of the primary outcomes (pain pressure threshold [PPT], pain, maximal pain-free mouth opening, and level of dysfunction) were selected. The extracted data were analyzed using NCSS software. RESULTS The results showed the evidence of pain reduction (P = 0.00), maximal pain-free mouth opening (P = 0.0138), and decrease in level of dysfunction (P = 0.0007) but no improvement in PPT to a significant level (P = 0.6600). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the simplest, cost-effective nonsurgical treatments have a positive therapeutic effect on the initial management of TMJ disorders. However, a consistent methodology recording both the objective and subjective outcomes would be a better choice for added reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nandhini
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - S. Ramasamy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - K. Ramya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Ronak Nazir Kaul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. John William Felix
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Ravi David Austin
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
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Abstract
Angiofibroma is a locally advancing immensely vascular tumor that essentially arises from the nasopharynx. The clinical characteristics of extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma (ENA) do not accord to that of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and can present a diagnostic confront. We describe a case of primary juvenile ENA in a 19-year-old patient who presented with a rapidly enlarging mass of the cheek region. The case is unusual because of its anatomic location. The diagnostic and management particulars are sketched.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nandhini
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Ramasamy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ronak Nazir Kaul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Ramakrishna Dental College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi David Austin
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Krishnakumar S, Ramasamy S, Simon Peter T, Godson PS, Chandrasekar N, Magesh NS. Geospatial risk assessment and trace element concentration in reef associated sediments, northern part of Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve, Southeast Coast of India. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 125:522-529. [PMID: 28838599 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fifty two surface sediments were collected from the northern part of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve to assess the geospatial risk of sediments. We found that distribution of organic matter and CaCO3 distributions were locally controlled by the mangrove litters and fragmented coral debris. In addition, Fe and Mn concentrations in the marine sediments were probably supplied through the riverine input and natural processes. The Geo-accumulation of elements fall under the uncontaminated category except Pb. Lead show a wide range of contamination from uncontaminated-moderately contaminated to extremely contaminated category. The sediment toxicity level of the elements revealed that the majority of the sediments fall under moderately to highly polluted sediments (23.07-28.84%). The grades of potential ecological risk suggest that predominant sediments fall under low to moderate risk category (55.7-32.7%). The accumulation level of trace elements clearly suggests that the coral reef ecosystem is under low to moderate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnakumar
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - S Ramasamy
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - T Simon Peter
- Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 62701, India
| | - Prince S Godson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India
| | - N Chandrasekar
- Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India
| | - N S Magesh
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
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Krishnakumar S, Ramasamy S, Chandrasekar N, Simon Peter T, Gopal V, Godson PS, Magesh NS. Trace element concentrations in reef associated sediments of Koswari Island, Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve, southeast coast of India. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 117:515-522. [PMID: 28196651 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive field work was conducted in order to assess the sediment pollution level and potential ecological risk on coral reef ecosystem. Thirty three surface sample was collected using grid sampling technique. The calcium carbonate and organic matter were primarily controlled by the distribution of coral rubbles and seagrass meadows. The concentration of trace elements is higher than the crustal average in few locations and the same result was derived from index calculations. However, the significant concentration of lead was observed throughout the study area. The elevated level of lead is probably due to coal incinerating power plants, and confluence of urban runoff from the nearby coastal areas. Based on the sediment pollution index, the majority of the sediments belongs to highly polluted to dangerously polluted category. The ecological risk indicates that the sediments are under low risk to moderate risk category and this result was proved by correlation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnakumar
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - S Ramasamy
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - N Chandrasekar
- Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India.
| | - T Simon Peter
- Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India.
| | - V Gopal
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - Prince S Godson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India.
| | - N S Magesh
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India.
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Radhika T, Nagamani G, Zhu Q, Ramasamy S, Saravanakumar R. Further results on dissipativity analysis for Markovian jump neural networks with randomly occurring uncertainties and leakage delays. Neural Comput Appl 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-017-2942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zeniou A, Ramasamy S, Murray L, Sen M, Cardale K, Dyker K, Prestwich R. PO-056: Tolerance and outcomes of radical hypofractionated radiotherapy for glottic cancer in the elderly. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Slevin F, Namini S, Owen L, Dugdale E, Fosker C, Ramasamy S, Turner R, Coyle C, Radhakrishna G. The Rapid Access Palliative Ambulatory Radiotherapy Clinic as an Educational Tool – Experience of Leeds Cancer Centre. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:e93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Krishnakumar S, Ramasamy S, Chandrasekar N, Peter TS, Godson PS, Gopal V, Magesh NS. Spatial risk assessment and trace element concentration in reef associated sediments of Van Island, southern part of the Gulf of Mannar, India. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 115:444-450. [PMID: 27817885 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Forty eight surface sediment samples were collected from the vicinity of Van Island in order to assess the sediment pollution level and potential ecological risk on coral reef ecosystem. The analytical and correlation results indicate a distribution of elements is chiefly controlled by the CaCO3 and OM. The enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index show the elevated level of Pb in the surface sediments is due to application of lead petrol and coal incinerating power plants. The sediment pollution index reveals that majority of the sediments falling under highly polluted sediment category (35.4%) followed by moderately polluted (25%) and dangerous sediment category (14.58%). The potential ecological risk suggests that nearly 66.6% of the samples falling under the low risk category, moderate risk category (20.8%) followed by considerable risk category (8.33%) and very high risk category (4.1%). The accumulation level of trace elements clearly suggests that the coral reef ecosystem is under low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnakumar
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - S Ramasamy
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - N Chandrasekar
- Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India.
| | - T Simon Peter
- Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India.
| | - Prince S Godson
- Department of environmental sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695581, India.
| | - V Gopal
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai 25, India.
| | - N S Magesh
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai 25, India.
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