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Mansour M, Gerstenfeld EP, Patel C, Natale A, Whang W, Cuoco FA, Mountantonakis SE, Gibson DN, Harding JD, Holland SK, Achyutha AB, Schneider CW, Mugglin AS, Albrecht EM, Stein KM, Lehmann JW, Reddy VY. Pulmonary vein narrowing after pulsed field versus thermal ablation. Europace 2024; 26:euae038. [PMID: 38305503 PMCID: PMC10875916 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS When it occurs, pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is associated with significant morbidity. Even mild-to-moderate PV narrowing may have long-term implications. Unlike thermal ablation energies, such as radiofrequency (RF) or cryothermy, pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal modality associated with less fibrotic proliferation. Herein, we compared the effects of PFA vs. thermal ablation on PV narrowing after AF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS ADVENT was a multi-centre, randomized, single-blind study comparing PFA (pentaspline catheter) with thermal ablation-force-sensing RF or cryoballoon (CB)-to treat drug-refractory paroxysmal AF. Pulmonary vein diameter and aggregate cross-sectional area were obtained by baseline and 3-month imaging. The pre-specified, formally tested, secondary safety endpoint compared a measure of PV narrowing between PFA vs. thermal groups, with superiority defined by posterior probability > 0.975. Among subjects randomized to PFA (n = 305) or thermal ablation (n = 302), 259 PFA and 255 thermal ablation (137 RF and 118 CB) subjects had complete baseline and 3-month PV imaging. No subject had significant (≥70%) PV stenosis. Change in aggregate PV cross-sectional area was less with PFA (-0.9%) than thermal ablation (-12%, posterior probability > 0.999)-primarily driven by the RF sub-cohort (-19.5%) vs. CB sub-cohort (-3.3%). Almost half of all PFA PV diameters did not decrease, but the majority (80%) of RF PVs decreased, regardless of PV anatomic location. CONCLUSION In this first randomized comparison of PFA vs. thermal ablation, PFA resulted in less PV narrowing-thereby underscoring the qualitatively differential and favourable impact of PFA on PV tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Mansour
- Massachusetts General Hospital, GRB 815, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward P Gerstenfeld
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chinmay Patel
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Natale
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David’s Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William Whang
- Helmsley Electrophysiology Center, Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas N Gibson
- Scripps Clinic and Prebys Cardiovascular Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anitha B Achyutha
- Department of Electrophysiology, Boston Scientific Corporation, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth M Albrecht
- Department of Electrophysiology, Boston Scientific Corporation, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth M Stein
- Department of Electrophysiology, Boston Scientific Corporation, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Vivek Y Reddy
- Helmsley Electrophysiology Center, Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Meri R, Holland SK, Farah R, Rohana T, Haj N. Language First, Cognition Later: Different Trajectories of Subcomponents of the Future-Reading Network in Processing Narratives from Kindergarten to Adolescence. Brain Connect 2024; 14:60-69. [PMID: 38265789 PMCID: PMC10890959 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Narrative comprehension is a linguistic ability that emerges early in life and has a critical role in language development, reading acquisition, and comprehension. According to the Simple View of Reading model, reading is acquired through word decoding and linguistic comprehension. Here, within and between networks, functional connectivity in several brain networks supporting both language and reading abilities was examined from prereading to proficient reading age in 32 healthy children, ages 5-18 years, scanned annually while listening to stories over 12 years. Functional connectivity changes within and between the networks were assessed and compared between the years using hierarchical linear regression and were related to reading abilities. At prereading age, the networks related to basic language processing accounted for 32.5% of the variation of reading ability at reading age (at 12-14 years) (R2 = 0.325, p = 0.05). At age 17, more complex cognitive networks were involved and accounted for 97.4% of the variation in reading ability (R2 = 0.974, p = 0.022). Overall, networks composing the future-reading network are highly involved in processing narratives along development; however, networks related to semantic, phonological, and syntactic processing predict reading ability earlier in life, and more complex networks predict reading proficiency later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raya Meri
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Group, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamara Rohana
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Narmeen Haj
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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3
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Hutton JS, Dudley J, Huang G, Horowitz-Kraus T, DeWitt T, Ittenbach RF, Holland SK. Validation of The Reading House and Association With Cortical Thickness. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-1641. [PMID: 33542146 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends literacy and school readiness promotion during well visits. The Reading House (TRH) is a children's book-based screener of emergent literacy skills in preschool-aged children. Vocabulary, rhyming, and rapid naming are core emergent skills, and reading abilities are associated with thicker cortex in the left hemisphere. Our objective was to expand validity of TRH relative to these skills and explore association with cortical thickness. METHODS Healthy preschool-aged children completed MRI including a T1-weighted anatomic scan. Before MRI, TRH and assessments of rapid naming (Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Second Edition), rhyming (Pre-Reading Inventory of Phonological Awareness), vocabulary (Expressive Vocabulary Test, Second Edition), and emergent literacy (Get Ready to Read!) were administered. Analyses included Spearman-ρ correlations (r ρ) accounting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES). MRI analyses involved whole-brain measures of cortical thickness relative to TRH scores, accounting for covariates. RESULTS Seventy children completed assessments (36-63 months old; 36 female) and 52 completed MRI (37-63 months; 29 female). TRH scores were positively correlated with Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Second Edition (r ρ = 0.61), Expressive Vocabulary Test, Second Edition (r ρ = 0.54), Get Ready to Read! (r ρ = 0.87), and Pre-Reading Inventory of Phonological Awareness scores (r ρ = 0.64; all P < .001). These correlations remained statistically significant across age, sex, and SES groups. TRH scores were correlated with greater thickness in left-sided language and visual cortex (P-family-wise error <.05), which were similar for higher SES yet more bilateral and frontal for low SES, reflecting a less mature pattern (P-family-wise error <.10). CONCLUSIONS These findings expand validation evidence for TRH as a screening tool for preschool-aged children, including associations with emergent skills and cortical thickness, and suggest important differences related to SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Hutton
- Divisions of General and Community Pediatrics and .,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center and
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center and.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Guixia Huang
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Divisions of General and Community Pediatrics and.,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center and.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Educational Neuroimaging Center, Technion Israel - Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; and
| | - Thomas DeWitt
- Divisions of General and Community Pediatrics and.,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center and
| | - Richard F Ittenbach
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Barnes-Davis ME, Merhar SL, Holland SK, Parikh NA, Kadis DS. Extremely preterm children demonstrate hyperconnectivity during verb generation: A multimodal approach. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102589. [PMID: 33610096 PMCID: PMC7903004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Children born extremely preterm (EPT, <28 weeks gestation) are at risk for delays in development, including language. We use fMRI-constrained magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a verb generation task to assess the extent and functional connectivity (phase locking value, or PLV) of language networks in a large cohort of EPT children and their term comparisons (TC). 73 participants, aged 4 to 6 years, were enrolled (42 TC, 31 EPT). There were no significant group differences in age, sex, race, ethnicity, parental education, or family income. There were significant group differences in expressive language scores (p < 0.05). Language representation was not significantly different between groups on fMRI, with task-specific activation involving bilateral temporal and left inferior frontal cortex. There were group differences in functional connectivity seen in MEG. To identify a possible subnetwork contributing to focal spectral differences in connectivity, we ran Network Based Statistics analyses. For both beta (20-25 Hz) and gamma (61-70 Hz) bands, we observed a subnetwork showing hyperconnectivity in the EPT group (p < 0.05). Network strength was computed for the beta and gamma subnetworks and assessed for correlation with language performance. For the EPT group exclusively, strength of the subnetwork identified in the gamma frequency band was positively correlated with expressive language scores (r = 0.318, p < 0.05). Thus, hyperconnectivity is positively related to language for EPT children and might represent a marker for resiliency in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Barnes-Davis
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, United States; University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, United States; University of Cincinnati, Department of Neuroscience, United States.
| | - Stephanie L Merhar
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, United States; University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - Scott K Holland
- Medpace Imaging Core Laboratory, Medpace Inc., United States; University of Cincinnati, Department of Physics, United States
| | - Nehal A Parikh
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, United States; University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - Darren S Kadis
- Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto are in Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Physiology, Canada
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Barnes-Davis ME, Merhar SL, Holland SK, Parikh NA, Kadis DS. Extremely Preterm Children Demonstrate Interhemispheric Hyperconnectivity During Verb Generation: a Multimodal Approach. medRxiv 2020:2020.10.30.20222448. [PMID: 33173877 PMCID: PMC7654860 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.30.20222448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children born extremely preterm (EPT, <28 weeks gestation) are at risk for delays in development, including language. We use fMRI-constrained magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a verb generation task to assess the extent and functional connectivity (phase locking value, or PLV) of language networks in a large cohort of EPT children and their term comparisons (TC). 73 participants, aged 4 to 6 years, were enrolled (42 TC, 31 EPT). There were no significant group differences in age, sex, race, ethnicity, parental education, or family income. There were significant group differences in expressive language scores (p<0.05). Language representation was not significantly different between groups on fMRI, with task-specific activation involving bilateral temporal and left inferior frontal cortex. There were group differences in functional connectivity seen in MEG. To identify a possible subnetwork contributing to focal spectral differences in connectivity, we ran Network Based Statistics analyses. For both beta (20-25 Hz) and gamma (61-70 Hz) bands, we observed a subnetwork showing hyperconnectivity in the EPT group (p<0.05). Network strength was computed for the beta and gamma subnetworks and assessed for correlation with language performance. For the EPT group, exclusively, strength of the subnetwork identified in the gamma frequency band was positively correlated with expressive language scores (r=0.318, p<0.05). Thus, interhemispheric hyperconnectivity is positively related to language for EPT children and might represent a marker for resiliency in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Barnes-Davis
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Neuroscience
| | - Stephanie L. Merhar
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Medpace Imaging Core Laboratory, Medpace Inc
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Physics
| | - Nehal A. Parikh
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Darren S. Kadis
- Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health
- University of Toronto, Department of Physiology
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Barnes-Davis ME, Williamson BJ, Merhar SL, Holland SK, Kadis DS. Extremely preterm children exhibit altered cortical thickness in language areas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10824. [PMID: 32616747 PMCID: PMC7331674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born extremely preterm (< 28 weeks gestation, EPT) are at increased risk for language and other neurocognitive deficits compared to term controls (TC). Prior studies have reported both increases and decreases in cortical thickness in EPT across the cerebrum. These studies have not formally normalized for intracranial volume (ICV), which is especially important as EPT children often have smaller stature, head size, and ICV. We previously reported increased interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity in a well-controlled group of school-aged EPT children with no known brain injury or neurological deficits. Functional and structural hyperconnectivity between left and right temporoparietal regions was positively related with language scores in EPT, which may be reflected in measures of cortical thickness. To characterize possible language network cortical thickness effects, 15 EPT children and 15 TC underwent standardized assessments of language and structural magnetic resonance imaging at 4 to 6 years of age. Images were subjected to volumetric and cortical thickness analyses using FreeSurfer. Whole-brain analyses of cortical thickness were conducted both with and without normalization by ICV. Non-normalized results showed thinner temporal cortex for EPT, while ICV-normalized results showed thicker cortical regions in the right temporal lobe (FDRq = 0.05). Only ICV-normalized results were significantly related to language scores, with right temporal cortical thickness being positively correlated with performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Barnes-Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA. .,Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA.
| | | | - Stephanie L Merhar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA.,Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Medpace Imaging Core Laboratory, Medpace Inc, Cincinnati, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Darren S Kadis
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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7
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Hutton JS, Dudley J, Horowitz‐Kraus T, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Associations between home literacy environment, brain white matter integrity and cognitive abilities in preschool-age children. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1376-1386. [PMID: 31854046 PMCID: PMC7318131 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Caregiver-child reading is advocated by health organisations, citing cognitive and neurobiological benefits. The influence of home literacy environment (HLE) on brain structure prior to kindergarten has not previously been studied. METHODS Preschool-age children completed assessments of language (EVT-2, CTOPP-2 Rapid Object Naming) and emergent literacy skills (Get Ready to Read!, The Reading House) followed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Parents completed a survey of HLE (StimQ-P2 READ), which has four subscales. DTI measures included axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). RESULTS Forty-seven children completed DTI (54 ± 7 months, range 36-63; 27 girls). StimQ-P2 READ scores correlated with higher EVT-2, GRTR and TRH scores, controlling for age and gender (P < .01), and also with lower AD, RD and MD in tracts supporting language and literacy skills, controlling for age, gender and income (P < .05, family-wise error corrected). Correlations were strongest for the Bookreading Quantity subscale, including with higher scores on all cognitive measures including CTOPP-2, and also with higher FA in left-lateralised literacy-supporting tracts, controlling for age, gender and income. CONCLUSION More nurturing home reading environment prior to kindergarten may stimulate brain development supporting language and literacy skills, reinforcing the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center Cincinnati Ohio
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Tzipi Horowitz‐Kraus
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center Cincinnati Ohio
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio
- Educational Neuroimaging Center Biomedical Engineering Technion Israel
| | - Tom DeWitt
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center Cincinnati Ohio
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio
- Medpace, Inc Cincinnati OH
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8
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Barnes-Davis ME, Williamson BJ, Merhar SL, Holland SK, Kadis DS. Rewiring the extremely preterm brain: Altered structural connectivity relates to language function. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 25:102194. [PMID: 32032818 PMCID: PMC7005506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Children born preterm are at increased risk for cognitive impairment, with higher-order functions such as language being especially vulnerable. Previously, we and others have reported increased interhemispheric functional connectivity in children born extremely preterm; the finding appears at odds with literature showing decreased integrity of the corpus callosum, the primary commissural bundle, in preterm children. We address the apparent discrepancy by obtaining advanced measures of structural connectivity in twelve school-aged children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks) and ten term controls. We hypothesize increased extracallosal structural connectivity might support the functional hyperconnectivity we had previously observed. Participants were aged four to six years at time of study and groups did not differ in age, sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Whole-brain and language-network-specific (functionally-constrained) connectometry analyses were performed. At the whole-brain level, preterm children had decreased connectivity in the corpus callosum and increased connectivity in the cerebellum versus controls. Functionally-constrained analyses revealed significantly increased extracallosal connectivity between bilateral temporal regions in preterm children (FDRq <0.05). Connectivity within these extracallosal pathways was positively correlated with performance on standardized language assessments in children born preterm (FDRq <0.001), but unrelated to performance in controls. This is the first study to identify anatomical substrates for increased interhemispheric functional connectivity in children born preterm; increased reliance on an extracallosal pathway may represent a biomarker for resiliency following extremely preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Barnes-Davis
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Brady J Williamson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, United States; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - Stephanie L Merhar
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
| | - Scott K Holland
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, United States; Medpace Imaging Core Laboratory, Medpace Inc., United States
| | - Darren S Kadis
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
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Merhar SL, Gozdas E, Tkach JA, Parikh NA, Kline-Fath BM, He L, Yuan W, Altaye M, Leach JL, Holland SK. Neonatal Functional and Structural Connectivity Are Associated with Cerebral Palsy at Two Years of Age. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37:137-145. [PMID: 30919395 PMCID: PMC8103821 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1683874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The accuracy of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict later cerebral palsy (CP) in newborns with perinatal brain injury is variable. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and task-based functional MRI (fMRI) show promise as predictive tools. We hypothesized that infants who later developed CP would have reduced structural and functional connectivity as compared with those without CP. STUDY DESIGN We performed DTI and fMRI using a passive motor task at 40 to 48 weeks' postmenstrual age in 12 infants with perinatal brain injury. CP was diagnosed at age 2 using a standardized examination. RESULTS Five infants had CP at 2 years of age, and seven did not have CP. Tract-based spatial statistics showed a widespread reduction of fractional anisotropy (FA) in almost all white matter tracts in the CP group. Using the median FA value in the corticospinal tracts as a cutoff, FA was 100% sensitive and 86% specific to predict CP compared with a sensitivity of 60 to 80% and a specificity of 71% for structural MRI. During fMRI, the CP group had reduced functional connectivity from the right supplemental motor area as compared with the non-CP group. CONCLUSION DTI and fMRI obtained soon after birth are potential biomarkers to predict CP in newborns with perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Merhar
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH,University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati OH
| | - Elveda Gozdas
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH
| | - Jean A. Tkach
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH,Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH
| | - Nehal A. Parikh
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH,University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati OH
| | - Beth M. Kline-Fath
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH
| | - Lili He
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH,Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH
| | - James L. Leach
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH
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10
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Hutton JS, Dudley J, Horowitz-Kraus T, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Associations Between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:e193869. [PMID: 31682712 PMCID: PMC6830442 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends limits on screen-based media use, citing its cognitive-behavioral risks. Screen use by young children is prevalent and increasing, although its implications for brain development are unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between screen-based media use and integrity of brain white matter tracts supporting language and literacy skills in preschool-aged children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study of healthy children aged 3 to 5 years (n = 47) was conducted from August 2017 to November 2018. Participants were recruited at a US children's hospital and community primary care clinics. EXPOSURES Children completed cognitive testing followed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and their parent completed a ScreenQ survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES ScreenQ is a 15-item measure of screen-based media use reflecting the domains in the AAP recommendations: access to screens, frequency of use, content viewed, and coviewing. Higher scores reflect greater use. ScreenQ scores were applied as the independent variable in 3 multiple linear regression models, with scores in 3 standardized assessments as the dependent variable, controlling for child age and household income: Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, Second Edition (CTOPP-2; Rapid Object Naming subtest); Expressive Vocabulary Test, Second Edition (EVT-2; expressive language); and Get Ready to Read! (GRTR; emergent literacy skills). The DTI measures included fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), which estimated microstructural organization and myelination of white matter tracts. ScreenQ was applied as a factor associated with FA and RD in whole-brain regression analyses, which were then narrowed to 3 left-sided tracts supporting language and emergent literacy abilities. RESULTS Of the 69 children recruited, 47 (among whom 27 [57%] were girls, and the mean [SD] age was 54.3 [7.5] months) completed DTI. Mean (SD; range) ScreenQ score was 8.6 (4.8; 1-19) points. Mean (SD; range) CTOPP-2 score was 9.4 (3.3; 2-15) points, EVT-2 score was 113.1 (16.6; 88-144) points, and GRTR score was 19.0 (5.9; 5-25) points. ScreenQ scores were negatively correlated with EVT-2 (F2,43 = 5.14; R2 = 0.19; P < .01), CTOPP-2 (F2,35 = 6.64; R2 = 0.28; P < .01), and GRTR (F2,44 = 17.08; R2 = 0.44; P < .01) scores, controlling for child age. Higher ScreenQ scores were correlated with lower FA and higher RD in tracts involved with language, executive function, and emergent literacy abilities (P < .05, familywise error-corrected), controlling for child age and household income. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found an association between increased screen-based media use, compared with the AAP guidelines, and lower microstructural integrity of brain white matter tracts supporting language and emergent literacy skills in prekindergarten children. The findings suggest further study is needed, particularly during the rapid early stages of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,Educational Neuroimaging Center, Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel
| | - Tom DeWitt
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio,Medpace Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio
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11
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Hutton JS, Dudley J, Horowitz-Kraus T, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Functional Connectivity of Attention, Visual, and Language Networks During Audio, Illustrated, and Animated Stories in Preschool-Age Children. Brain Connect 2019; 9:580-592. [PMID: 31144523 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents read with their children early and often and limits on screen-based media. While book sharing may benefit attention in children, effects of animated content are controversial, and the influence of either on attention networks has not previously been studied. This study involved functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of three separate active-task scans composed of similar 5-min stories presented in the same order for each child (audio → illustrated → animated), followed by assessment of comprehension. Five functional brain networks were defined a priori through literature review: dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), language (L), visual imagery (VI), and visual perception (VP). Analyses involved comparison of functional connectivity (FC) within- and between networks across formats, applying false discovery rate correction. Twenty-seven of 33 children completed fMRI (82%; 15 boys, 12 girls; mean 58 ± 8 months old). Comprehension of audio and illustrated stories was equivalent and lower for animation (p < 0.05). For illustration relative to audio, FC within DAN and VAN and between each of these and all other networks was similar, lower within-L, and higher between VI-VP, suggesting reduced strain on the language network using illustrations and imagery. For animation relative to illustration, FC was lower between DAN-L, VAN-VP, VAN-VI, L-VI, and L-VP, suggesting less focus on narrative, reorienting to imagery, and visual-language integration. These findings suggest that illustrated storybooks may be optimal at this age to encourage integration of attention, visual, and language networks, while animation may bias attention toward VP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Technion, Israel
| | - Tom DeWitt
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott K Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Medpace, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
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12
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Vannest J, Maloney TC, Tenney JR, Szaflarski JP, Morita D, Byars AW, Altaye M, Holland SK, Glauser TA. Changes in functional organization and functional connectivity during story listening in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes. Brain Lang 2019; 193:10-17. [PMID: 28209266 PMCID: PMC5554735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Children with Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS), despite high likelihood for seizure remission, are reported to have subtle difficulties in language and other cognitive skills. We used functional MRI and a story listening task to examine the effect of BECTS on patterns of activation and connectivity. Language and cognitive skills were assessed using standardized measures. Twenty-four children with recently diagnosed BECTS and 40 typically-developing children participated. In a functionally-defined region of interest in right inferior frontal gyrus, BECTS patients showed a lower level of activation. Across both groups combined, increased activation in superior/middle temporal regions of interest was associated with better language scores. Connectivity in the story processing network was similar between groups, but connectivity within left inferior frontal gyrus was decreased in children with BECTS. These results suggest that language networks are largely maintained in new-onset BECTS, but some subtle changes in activation and connectivity can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diego Morita
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - Anna W Byars
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
| | - Tracy A Glauser
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States
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13
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Gozdas E, Holland SK, Altaye M. Developmental changes in functional brain networks from birth through adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1434-1444. [PMID: 30582266 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the brain connectome using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and measures derived from graph theory analysis has emerged as a new approach to study brain development, cognitive function, and neurophysiological disorders. Here we use graph theory analysis to examine the influence of age, sex, and neurocognitive measures on developmental changes to the global and regional topology of functional brain networks derived from fMRI data recorded in 189 healthy subjects from the age of 0-18 years during rest. We observed that Global Efficiency and Rich-Club coefficient increased with age and Local Efficiency and Small-Worldness decreased with age, while Modularity at the global level showed an inverted U-shaped trajectory during development. Marginally significant differences were observed in Local Efficiency, Small-Worldness, and Modularity at a global level between boys and girls throughout development. We also examine the effects of neurocognitive measures in boys and girls globally and locally. Our results provide new insight to understand brain maturation of functional brain connectome and its relation to cognitive development from birth through adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elveda Gozdas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Scott K Holland
- Medpace Imaging Core Laboratory, Medpace Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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14
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Hutton JS, Dudley J, Horowitz-Kraus T, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Differences in functional brain network connectivity during stories presented in audio, illustrated, and animated format in preschool-age children. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 14:130-141. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Barnes-Davis ME, Merhar SL, Holland SK, Kadis DS. Front Cover: Cover Image, Volume 21, Issue 6. Dev Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/desc.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Nenert R, Allendorfer JB, Martin AM, Banks C, Vannest J, Holland SK, Hart KW, Lindsell CJ, Szaflarski JP. Longitudinal fMRI study of language recovery after a left hemispheric ischemic stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:359-385. [PMID: 29782329 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery from stroke-induced aphasia is typically protracted and involves complex functional reorganization. The relative contributions of the lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres to this process have been examined in several cross-sectional studies but longitudinal studies involving several time-points and large numbers of subjects are scarce. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to address the gaps in the literature by longitudinally studying the evolution of post-stroke lateralization and localization of language-related fMRI activation in the first year after single left hemispheric ischemic stroke. METHOD Seventeen patients with stroke-induced aphasia were enrolled to undergo detailed behavioral testing and fMRI at 2, 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks post-stroke. Matched for age, handedness and sex participants were also enrolled to visualize canonical language regions. RESULTS Behavioral results showed improvements over time for all but one of the behavioral scores (Semantic Fluency Test). FMRI results showed that the left temporal area participates in compensation for language deficits in the first year after stroke, that there is a correlation between behavioral improvement and the left cerebellar activation over time, and that there is a shift towards stronger frontal left-lateralization of the fMRI activation over the first year post-stroke. Temporary compensation observed in the initial phases of post-stroke recovery that involves the non-lesioned hemisphere may not be as important as previously postulated, since in this study the recovery was driven by activations in the left fronto-temporal regions. CONCLUSION Language recovery after left hemispheric ischemic stroke is likely driven by the previously involved in language and attention left hemispheric networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Nenert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amber M Martin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christi Banks
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly W Hart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher J Lindsell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,currently at Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Department of Biostatistics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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17
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Versace A, Ladouceur CD, Graur S, Acuff HE, Bonar LK, Monk K, McCaffrey A, Yendiki A, Leemans A, Travis MJ, Diwadkar VA, Holland SK, Sunshine JL, Kowatch RA, Horwitz SM, Frazier TW, Arnold LE, Fristad MA, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Goldstein BI, Goldstein T, Axelson D, Birmaher B, Phillips ML. Diffusion imaging markers of bipolar versus general psychopathology risk in youth at-risk. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2212-2220. [PMID: 29795244 PMCID: PMC6135796 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly heritable. Thus, studies in first-degree relatives of individuals with BD could lead to the discovery of objective risk markers of BD. Abnormalities in white matter structure reported in at-risk individuals could play an important role in the pathophysiology of BD. Due to the lack of studies with other at-risk offspring, however, it remains unclear whether such abnormalities reflect BD-specific or generic risk markers for future psychopathology. Using a tract-profile approach, we examined 18 major white matter tracts in 38 offspring of BD parents, 36 offspring of comparison parents with non-BD psychopathology (depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), and 41 offspring of healthy parents. Both at-risk groups showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in left-sided tracts (cingulum, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, forceps minor), and significantly greater FA in right-sided tracts (uncinate fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus), relative to offspring of healthy parents (P < 0.05). These abnormalities were present in both healthy and affected youth in at-risk groups. Only offspring (particularly healthy offspring) of BD parents showed lower FA in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus relative to healthy offspring of healthy parents (P < 0.05). We show, for the first time, important similarities, and some differences, in white matter structure between offspring of BD and offspring of non-BD parents. Findings suggest that lower left-sided and higher right-sided FA in tracts important for emotional regulation may represent markers of risk for general, rather than BD-specific, psychopathology. Lower FA in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus may protect against development of BD in offspring of BD parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - C D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Graur
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H E Acuff
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L K Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A McCaffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M J Travis
- LAMS Consortium, Epping, NSW, 1710, Australia
| | | | - S K Holland
- LAMS Consortium, Epping, NSW, 1710, Australia
| | | | - R A Kowatch
- LAMS Consortium, Epping, NSW, 1710, Australia
| | - S M Horwitz
- LAMS Consortium, Epping, NSW, 1710, Australia
| | - T W Frazier
- LAMS Consortium, Epping, NSW, 1710, Australia
| | - L E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M A Fristad
- LAMS Consortium, Epping, NSW, 1710, Australia
| | | | | | - B I Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - T Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Gozdas E, Parikh NA, Merhar SL, Tkach JA, He L, Holland SK. Altered functional network connectivity in preterm infants: antecedents of cognitive and motor impairments? Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3665-3680. [PMID: 29992470 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Very preterm infants (≤ 31 weeks gestational age) are at high risk for brain injury and delayed development. Applying functional connectivity and graph theory methods to resting state MRI data (fcMRI), we tested the hypothesis that preterm infants would demonstrate alterations in connectivity measures both globally and in specific networks related to motor, language and cognitive function, even when there is no anatomical imaging evidence of injury. Fifty-one healthy full-term controls and 24 very preterm infants without significant neonatal brain injury, were evaluated at term-equivalent age with fcMRI. Preterm subjects showed lower functional connectivity from regions associated with motor, cognitive, language and executive function, than term controls. Examining brain networks using graph theory measures of functional connectivity, very preterm infants also exhibited lower rich-club coefficient and assortativity but higher small-worldness and no significant difference in modularity when compared to term infants. The findings provide evidence that functional connectivity exhibits deficits soon after birth in very preterm infants in key brain networks responsible for motor, language and executive functions, even in the absence of anatomical lesions. These functional network measures could serve as prognostic biomarkers for later developmental disabilities and guide decisions about early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elveda Gozdas
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nehal A Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie L Merhar
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jean A Tkach
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lili He
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Medpace Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Medpace Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Woodburn M, Rajagopal A, Versace AL, Kowatch RA, Bertocci MA, Bebko G, Almeida JRC, Perlman SB, Travis MJ, Gill MK, Bonar L, Schirda C, Diwadkar VA, Sunshine JL, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Gerry Taylor H, Horwitz SM, Frazier T, Eugene Arnold L, Fristad MA, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Phillips ML, Holland SK. Decreased functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal network in children with mood disorders compared to children with dyslexia during rest: An fMRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:582-590. [PMID: 29845006 PMCID: PMC5964829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The DSM-5 separates the diagnostic criteria for mood and behavioral disorders. Both types of disorders share neurocognitive deficits of executive function and reading difficulties in childhood. Children with dyslexia also have executive function deficits, revealing a role of executive function circuitry in reading. The aim of the current study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship of functional connectivity within the fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular cognitive control networks to reading measures for children with mood disorders, behavioral disorders, dyslexia, and healthy controls (HC). Method Behavioral reading measures of phonological awareness, decoding, and orthography were collected. Resting state fMRI data were collected, preprocessed, and then analyzed for functional connectivity. Differences in the reading measures were tested for significance among the groups. Global efficiency (GE) measures were also tested for correlation with reading measures in 40 children with various disorders and 17 HCs. Results Significant differences were found between the four groups on all reading measures. Relative to HCs and children with mood disorders or behavior disorders, children with dyslexia as a primary diagnosis scored significantly lower on all three reading measures. Children with mood disorders scored significantly lower than controls on a test of phonological awareness. Phonological awareness deficits correlated with reduced resting state functional connectivity MRI (rsfcMRI) in the cingulo-opercular network for children with dyslexia. A significant difference was also found in fronto-parietal global efficiency in children with mood disorders relative to the other three groups. We also found a significant difference in cingulo-opercular global efficiency in children with mood disorders relative to the Dyslexia and Control groups. However, none of these differences correlate significantly with reading measures. Conclusions/significance Reading difficulties involve abnormalities in different cognitive control networks in children with dyslexia compared to children with mood disorders. Findings of the current study suggest increased functional connectivity of one cognitive control network may compensate for reduced functional connectivity in the other network in children with mood disorders. These findings provide guidance to clinical professionals for design of interventions tailored for children suffering from reading difficulties originating from different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States; Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel.
| | - Mackenzie Woodburn
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Akila Rajagopal
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Amelia L Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Robert A Kowatch
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Michele A Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jorge R C Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michael J Travis
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Sunshine
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - David Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Sarah M Horwitz
- Department of Child Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Thomas Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Mary A Fristad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Robert L Findling
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States
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Deshpande AK, Tan L, Lu LJ, Altaye M, Holland SK. fMRI as a Preimplant Objective Tool to Predict Children's Postimplant Auditory and Language Outcomes as Measured by Parental Observations. J Am Acad Audiol 2018; 29:389-404. [PMID: 29708489 DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trends in cochlear implantation candidacy and benefit have changed rapidly in the last two decades. It is now widely accepted that early implantation leads to better postimplant outcomes. Although some generalizations can be made about postimplant auditory and language performance, neural mechanisms need to be studied to predict individual prognosis. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify preimplant neuroimaging biomarkers that predict children's postimplant auditory and language outcomes as measured by parental observation/reports. RESEARCH DESIGN This is a pre-post correlational measures study. STUDY SAMPLE Twelve possible cochlear implant candidates with bilateral severe to profound hearing loss were recruited via referrals for a clinical magnetic resonance imaging to ensure structural integrity of the auditory nerve for implantation. INTERVENTION Participants underwent cochlear implantation at a mean age of 19.4 mo. All children used the advanced combination encoder strategy (ACE, Cochlear Corporation™, Nucleus® Freedom cochlear implants). Three participants received an implant in the right ear; one in the left ear whereas eight participants received bilateral implants. Participants' preimplant neuronal activation in response to two auditory stimuli was studied using an event-related fMRI method. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Blood oxygen level dependent contrast maps were calculated for speech and noise stimuli. The general linear model was used to create z-maps. The Auditory Skills Checklist (ASC) and the SKI-HI Language Development Scale (SKI-HI LDS) were administered to the parents 2 yr after implantation. A nonparametric correlation analysis was implemented between preimplant fMRI activation and postimplant auditory and language outcomes based on ASC and SKI-HI LDS. Statistical Parametric Mapping software was used to create regression maps between fMRI activation and scores on the aforementioned tests. Regression maps were overlaid on the Imaging Research Center infant template and visualized in MRIcro. RESULTS Regression maps revealed two clusters of brain activation for the speech versus silence contrast and five clusters for the noise versus silence contrast that were significantly correlated with the parental reports. These clusters included auditory and extra-auditory regions such as the middle temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, precuneus, cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, subgyral, and middle occipital gyrus. Both positive and negative correlations were observed. Correlation values for the different clusters ranged from -0.90 to 0.95 and were significant at a corrected p value of <0.05. Correlations suggest that postimplant performance may be predicted by activation in specific brain regions. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that (1) fMRI can be used to identify neuroimaging biomarkers of auditory and language performance before implantation and (2) activation in certain brain regions may be predictive of postimplant auditory and language performance as measured by parental observation/reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lirong Tan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH.,School of Computing Sciences and Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Long J Lu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Scott K Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatric Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Barnes-Davis ME, Merhar SL, Holland SK, Kadis DS. Extremely preterm children exhibit increased interhemispheric connectivity for language: findings from fMRI-constrained MEG analysis. Dev Sci 2018; 21:e12669. [PMID: 29659125 PMCID: PMC6193851 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Children born extremely preterm are at significant risk for cognitive impairment, including language deficits. The relationship between preterm birth and neurological changes that underlie cognitive deficits is poorly understood. We use a stories-listening task in fMRI and MEG to characterize language network representation and connectivity in children born extremely preterm (n = 15, <28 weeks gestation, ages 4-6 years), and in a group of typically developing control participants (n = 15, term birth, 4-6 years). Participants completed a brief neuropsychological assessment. Conventional fMRI analyses revealed no significant differences in language network representation across groups (p > .05, corrected). The whole-group fMRI activation map was parcellated to define the language network as a set of discrete nodes, and the timecourse of neuronal activity at each position was estimated using linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer in MEG. Virtual timecourses were subjected to connectivity and network-based analyses. We observed significantly increased beta-band functional connectivity in extremely preterm compared to controls (p < .05). Specifically, we observed an increase in connectivity between left and right perisylvian cortex. Subsequent effective connectivity analyses revealed that hyperconnectivity in preterms was due to significantly increased information flux originating from the right hemisphere (p < 0.05). The total strength and density of the language network were not related to language or nonverbal performance, suggesting that the observed hyperconnectivity is a "pure" effect of prematurity. Although our extremely preterm children exhibited typical language network architecture, we observed significantly altered network dynamics, indicating reliance on an alternative neural strategy for the language task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Barnes-Davis
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie L Merhar
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Darren S Kadis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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22
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He L, Li H, Holland SK, Yuan W, Altaye M, Parikh NA. Early prediction of cognitive deficits in very preterm infants using functional connectome data in an artificial neural network framework. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:290-297. [PMID: 29876249 PMCID: PMC5987842 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the brain's functional connectome can improve our understanding of how an individual brain's organizational changes influence cognitive function and could result in improved individual risk stratification. Brain connectome studies in adults and older children have shown that abnormal network properties may be useful as discriminative features and have exploited machine learning models for early diagnosis in a variety of neurological conditions. However, analogous studies in neonates are rare and with limited significant findings. In this paper, we propose an artificial neural network (ANN) framework for early prediction of cognitive deficits in very preterm infants based on functional connectome data from resting state fMRI. Specifically, we conducted feature selection via stacked sparse autoencoder and outcome prediction via support vector machine (SVM). The proposed ANN model was unsupervised learned using brain connectome data from 884 subjects in autism brain imaging data exchange database and SVM was cross-validated on 28 very preterm infants (born at 23-31 weeks of gestation and without brain injury; scanned at term-equivalent postmenstrual age). Using 90 regions of interests, we found that the ANN model applied to functional connectome data from very premature infants can predict cognitive outcome at 2 years of corrected age with an accuracy of 70.6% and area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76. We also noted that several frontal lobe and somatosensory regions, significantly contributed to prediction of cognitive deficits 2 years later. Our work can be considered as a proof of concept for utilizing ANN models on functional connectome data to capture the individual variability inherent in the developing brains of preterm infants. The full potential of ANN will be realized and more robust conclusions drawn when applied to much larger neuroimaging datasets, as we plan to do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Hailong Li
- Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Scott K Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nehal A Parikh
- Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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23
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Hutton JS, Phelan K, Horowitz-Kraus T, Dudley J, Altaye M, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Shared Reading Quality and Brain Activation during Story Listening in Preschool-Age Children. J Pediatr 2017; 191:204-211.e1. [PMID: 29173308 PMCID: PMC5728185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between maternal shared reading quality (verbal interactivity and engagement) and brain function during story listening in at-risk, preschool-age children, in the context of behavioral evidence and American Academy of Pediatrics, recommendations. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, 22 healthy, 4-year-old girls from low socioeconomic status households completed functional magnetic resonance imaging using an established story listening task, followed by videotaped observation of uncoached mother-daughter reading of the same, age-appropriate picture book. Shared reading quality was independently scored applying dialogic reading and other evidence-based criteria reflecting interactivity and engagement, and applied as a predictor of neural activation during the functional magnetic resonance imaging task, controlling for income and maternal education. RESULTS Shared reading quality scores were generally low and negatively correlated with maternal distraction by smartphones (P < .05). Scores were positively correlated with activation in left-sided brain areas supporting expressive and complex language, social-emotional integration, and working memory (P <.05, false discovery rate corrected). CONCLUSIONS Maternal shared reading quality is positively correlated with brain activation supporting complex language, executive function, and social-emotional processing in at-risk, preschool-age children. These findings represent novel neural biomarkers of how this modifiable aspect of home reading environment may influence foundational emergent literacy skills, reinforce behavioral evidence and American Academy of Pediatrics, recommendations, and underscore the potential of dialogic reading interventions to promote healthy brain development, especially in at-risk households.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kieran Phelan
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tom DeWitt
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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24
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Gloss D, Szaflarski JP, Holland SK, Binder JR, Theodore WH. Author response: Practice guideline summary: Use of fMRI in the presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2017; 89:640-641. [PMID: 28784637 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Holland SK, Versace AL, Bertocci MA, Bebko G, Almeida JRC, Perlman SB, Travis MJ, Gill MK, Bonar L, Schirda C, Sunshine JL, Birmaher B, Taylor G, Diwadkar VA, Horwitz SM, Axelson D, Frazier T, Arnold EL, Fristad MA, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Phillips ML. Reading related white matter structures in adolescents are influenced more by dysregulation of emotion than behavior. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 15:732-740. [PMID: 28702350 PMCID: PMC5491458 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders and behavioral are broad psychiatric diagnostic categories that have different symptoms and neurobiological mechanisms, but share some neurocognitive similarities, one of which is an elevated risk for reading deficit. Our aim was to determine the influence of mood versus behavioral dysregulation on reading ability and neural correlates supporting these skills in youth, using diffusion tensor imaging in 11- to 17-year-old children and youths with mood disorders or behavioral disorders and age-matched healthy controls. The three groups differed only in phonological processing and passage comprehension. Youth with mood disorders scored higher on the phonological test but had lower comprehension scores than children with behavioral disorders and controls; control participants scored the highest. Correlations between fractional anisotropy and phonological processing in the left Arcuate Fasciculus showed a significant difference between groups and were strongest in behavioral disorders, intermediate in mood disorders, and lowest in controls. Correlations between these measures in the left Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus were significantly greater than in controls for mood but not for behavioral disorders. Youth with mood disorders share a deficit in the executive-limbic pathway (Arcuate Fasciculus) with behavioral-disordered youth, suggesting reduced capacity for engaging frontal regions for phonological processing or passage comprehension tasks and increased reliance on the ventral tract (e.g., the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus). The low passage comprehension scores in mood disorder may result from engaging the left hemisphere. Neural pathways for reading differ mainly in executive-limbic circuitry. This new insight may aid clinicians in providing appropriate intervention for each disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States; Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Amelia L Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michele A Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jorge R C Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michael J Travis
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Sunshine
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Gerry Taylor
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, United States
| | - Sarah M Horwitz
- Department of Child Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, United States
| | - David Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Thomas Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Eugene L Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Mary A Fristad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Robert L Findling
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
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26
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Brady CC, Vannest JJ, Dolan LM, Kadis DS, Lee GR, Holland SK, Khoury JC, Shah AS. Obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes perform worse than controls on cognitive and behavioral assessments. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:297-303. [PMID: 27028236 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with type 1 diabetes demonstrate worse cognitive performance compared with their peers. Little is known regarding the cognitive and behavioral performance in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Cross sectional evaluation of 20 obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes and 20 healthy adolescents was performed in Cincinnati, Ohio. Cognitive tests that included measures of processing speed, working memory, verbal and semantic fluency and parent reports of executive function and problem behavior were compared. Academic achievement and the relationship between cognitive/behavioral scores and diabetes duration and diabetes control (hemoglobin A1c) were assessed in the type 2 diabetes group only. RESULTS The type 2 diabetes group had mean duration of diabetes of 2.8 ± 2.2 yr and hemoglobin A1c of 7.9 ± 2.2%. Adolescents with type 2 diabetes scored lower than controls on tests of working and verbal memory and processing speed (all p < 0.05) and worse for Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist (all p < 0.05). Adolescents with type 2 diabetes scored below the population mean in academic achievement, most notably calculation. Working memory and processing speed were negatively correlated with duration of diabetes (r = -0.50 and -0.47, respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Obese youth with type 2 diabetes score poorly compared with controls on multiple assessments of cognitive function and adaptive behavior. Further work is needed to determine if these effects are driven by obesity, diabetes or other demographic and socioeconomic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Brady
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer J Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lawrence M Dolan
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Darren S Kadis
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory R Lee
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jane C Khoury
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amy S Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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27
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Bertocci MA, Bebko G, Versace A, Iyengar S, Bonar L, Forbes EE, Almeida JRC, Perlman SB, Schirda C, Travis MJ, Gill MK, Diwadkar VA, Sunshine JL, Holland SK, Kowatch RA, Birmaher B, Axelson DA, Frazier TW, Arnold LE, Fristad MA, Youngstrom EA, Horwitz SM, Findling RL, Phillips ML. Reward-related neural activity and structure predict future substance use in dysregulated youth. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1357-1369. [PMID: 27998326 PMCID: PMC5576722 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying youth who may engage in future substance use could facilitate early identification of substance use disorder vulnerability. We aimed to identify biomarkers that predicted future substance use in psychiatrically un-well youth. METHOD LASSO regression for variable selection was used to predict substance use 24.3 months after neuroimaging assessment in 73 behaviorally and emotionally dysregulated youth aged 13.9 (s.d. = 2.0) years, 30 female, from three clinical sites in the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study. Predictor variables included neural activity during a reward task, cortical thickness, and clinical and demographic variables. RESULTS Future substance use was associated with higher left middle prefrontal cortex activity, lower left ventral anterior insula activity, thicker caudal anterior cingulate cortex, higher depression and lower mania scores, not using antipsychotic medication, more parental stress, older age. This combination of variables explained 60.4% of the variance in future substance use, and accurately classified 83.6%. CONCLUSIONS These variables explained a large proportion of the variance, were useful classifiers of future substance use, and showed the value of combining multiple domains to provide a comprehensive understanding of substance use development. This may be a step toward identifying neural measures that can identify future substance use disorder risk, and act as targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - G Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - A Versace
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - S Iyengar
- Department of Statistics,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - L Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - E E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - J R C Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - S B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - C Schirda
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - M J Travis
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - M K Gill
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - V A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience,Wayne State University,Detroit, MI,USA
| | - J L Sunshine
- Department of Radiology,University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland, OH,USA
| | - S K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati,Cincinnati, OH,USA
| | - R A Kowatch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health,Ohio State University,Columbus, OH,USA
| | - B Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - D A Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health,Ohio State University,Columbus, OH,USA
| | - T W Frazier
- Pediatric Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland, OH,USA
| | - L E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health,Ohio State University,Columbus, OH,USA
| | - M A Fristad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health,Ohio State University,Columbus, OH,USA
| | - E A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - S M Horwitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,New York University School of Medicine,New York, NY,USA
| | - R L Findling
- Department of Psychiatry,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore, MD,USA
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry,Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
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28
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Hutton JS, Phelan K, Horowitz-Kraus T, Dudley J, Altaye M, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Story time turbocharger? Child engagement during shared reading and cerebellar activation and connectivity in preschool-age children listening to stories. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177398. [PMID: 28562619 PMCID: PMC5451016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding behavioral and neurobiological evidence affirms benefits of shared (especially parent-child) reading on cognitive development during early childhood. However, the majority of this evidence involves factors under caregiver control, the influence of those intrinsic to the child, such as interest or engagement in reading, largely indirect or unclear. The cerebellum is increasingly recognized as playing a "smoothing" role in higher-level cognitive processing and learning, via feedback loops with language, limbic and association cortices. We utilized functional MRI to explore the relationship between child engagement during a mother-child reading observation and neural activation and connectivity during a story listening task, in a sample of 4-year old girls. Children exhibiting greater interest and engagement in the narrative showed increased activation in right-sided cerebellar association areas during the task, and greater functional connectivity between this activation cluster and language and executive function areas. Our findings suggest a potential cerebellar "boost" mechanism responsive to child engagement level that may contribute to emergent literacy development during early childhood, and synergy between caregiver and child factors during story sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kieran Phelan
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Education Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Thomas DeWitt
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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29
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Bertocci MA, Bebko G, Dwojak A, Iyengar S, Ladouceur CD, Fournier JC, Versace A, Perlman SB, Almeida JRC, Travis MJ, Gill MK, Bonar L, Schirda C, Diwadkar VA, Sunshine JL, Holland SK, Kowatch RA, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Horwitz SM, Frazier T, Arnold LE, Fristad MA, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Phillips ML. Longitudinal relationships among activity in attention redirection neural circuitry and symptom severity in youth. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2017; 2:336-345. [PMID: 28480336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in neural circuitry function may be associated with longitudinal changes in psychiatric symptom severity. Identification of these relationships may aid in elucidating the neural basis of psychiatric symptom evolution over time. We aimed to distinguish these relationships using data from the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) cohort. METHODS Forty-one youth completed two study visits (mean=21.3 months). Elastic-net regression (Multiple response Gaussian family) identified emotional regulation neural circuitry that changed in association with changes in depression, mania, anxiety, affect lability, and positive mood and energy dysregulation, accounting for clinical and demographic variables. RESULTS Non-zero coefficients between change in the above symptom measures and change in activity over the inter-scan interval were identified in right amygdala and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Differing patterns of neural activity change were associated with changes in each of the above symptoms over time. Specifically, from Scan1 to Scan2, worsening affective lability and depression severity were associated with increased right amygdala and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortical activity. Worsening anxiety and positive mood and energy dysregulation were associated with decreased right amygdala and increased left ventrolateral prefrontal cortical activity. Worsening mania was associated with increased right amygdala and decreased left ventrolateral prefrontal cortical activity. These changes in neural activity between scans accounted for 13.6% of the variance; that is 25% of the total explained variance (39.6%) in these measures. CONCLUSIONS Distinct neural mechanisms underlie changes in different mood and anxiety symptoms overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Amanda Dwojak
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jay C Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Michael J Travis
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University
| | - Jeffrey L Sunshine
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University
| | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati
| | | | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
| | - David Axelson
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital
| | - Sarah M Horwitz
- Department of Child Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine
| | | | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University
| | | | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Robert L Findling
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University.,Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
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Genc S, Malpas CB, Holland SK, Beare R, Silk TJ. Neurite density index is sensitive to age related differences in the developing brain. Neuroimage 2017; 148:373-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Wilke M, Altaye M, Holland SK. CerebroMatic: A Versatile Toolbox for Spline-Based MRI Template Creation. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:5. [PMID: 28275348 PMCID: PMC5321046 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain image spatial normalization and tissue segmentation rely on prior tissue probability maps. Appropriately selecting these tissue maps becomes particularly important when investigating "unusual" populations, such as young children or elderly subjects. When creating such priors, the disadvantage of applying more deformation must be weighed against the benefit of achieving a crisper image. We have previously suggested that statistically modeling demographic variables, instead of simply averaging images, is advantageous. Both aspects (more vs. less deformation and modeling vs. averaging) were explored here. We used imaging data from 1914 subjects, aged 13 months to 75 years, and employed multivariate adaptive regression splines to model the effects of age, field strength, gender, and data quality. Within the spm/cat12 framework, we compared an affine-only with a low- and a high-dimensional warping approach. As expected, more deformation on the individual level results in lower group dissimilarity. Consequently, effects of age in particular are less apparent in the resulting tissue maps when using a more extensive deformation scheme. Using statistically-described parameters, high-quality tissue probability maps could be generated for the whole age range; they are consistently closer to a gold standard than conventionally-generated priors based on 25, 50, or 100 subjects. Distinct effects of field strength, gender, and data quality were seen. We conclude that an extensive matching for generating tissue priors may model much of the variability inherent in the dataset which is then not contained in the resulting priors. Further, the statistical description of relevant parameters (using regression splines) allows for the generation of high-quality tissue probability maps while controlling for known confounds. The resulting CerebroMatic toolbox is available for download at http://irc.cchmc.org/software/cerebromatic.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Children's Hospital and Experimental Pediatric Neuroimaging Group, Children's Hospital and Department of Neuroradiology, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation and Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati, OH, USA
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Hafeman D, Bebko G, Bertocci MA, Fournier JC, Chase HW, Bonar L, Perlman SB, Travis M, Gill MK, Diwadkar VA, Sunshine JL, Holland SK, Kowatch RA, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Horwitz SM, Arnold LE, Fristad MA, Frazier TW, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Phillips ML. Amygdala-prefrontal cortical functional connectivity during implicit emotion processing differentiates youth with bipolar spectrum from youth with externalizing disorders. J Affect Disord 2017; 208:94-100. [PMID: 27756046 PMCID: PMC5154789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present with emotion-regulation deficits, but require different clinical management. We examined how the neurobiological underpinnings of emotion regulation might differentiate youth with BPSD versus ADHD (and healthy controls, HCs), specifically assessing functional connectivity (FxC) of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry during an implicit emotion processing task. METHODS We scanned a subset of the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) sample, a clinically recruited cohort with elevated behavioral and emotional dysregulation, and age/sex-ratio matched HCs. Our sample consisted of 22 youth with BPSD, 30 youth with ADHD/no BPSD, and 26 HCs. We used generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) to calculate group differences to emerging emotional faces vs. morphing shapes in FxC between bilateral amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex. RESULTS FxC between amygdala and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in response to emotions vs. shapes differed by group (p=.05): while BPSD showed positive FxC (emotions>shapes), HC and ADHD showed inverse FxC (emotions<shapes). A group x emotion interaction was found in amygdala-subgenual cingulate FxC (p=.025), explained by differences in FxC in response to negative emotions. While BPSD showed positive FxC, HC showed inverse FxC; ADHD were intermediate. Amygdala-subgenual FxC was also positively associated with depressive symptoms and stimulant medication. LIMITATIONS Co-morbidity and relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Youth with BPSD showed abnormally positive FxC between amygdala and regions in the ventral prefrontal cortex during emotion processing. In particular, the amygdala-VLPFC finding was specific to BPSD, and not influenced by other diagnoses or medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danella Hafeman
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh,Corresponding author. 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Phone: 412 246 5820; fax: 412 246 5230
| | - Genna Bebko
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Michele A. Bertocci
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jay C. Fournier
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Henry W. Chase
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Susan B. Perlman
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Michael Travis
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati
| | | | - Boris Birmaher
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh
| | - David Axelson
- Child Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert L. Findling
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University,Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh,Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Farah R, Hajinazarian A, Eaton K, Rajagopal A, Schmithorst VJ, Altaye M, Vannest JJ, Holland SK. Maturation of Brain Regions Related to the Default Mode Network during Adolescence Facilitates Narrative Comprehension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 5. [PMID: 32524005 PMCID: PMC7286598 DOI: 10.4172/2375-4494.1000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Although the Default Mode Network (DMN) has been examined extensively in adults, developmental characteristics of this network during childhood are not fully understood. Methods In this longitudinal study, we characterized the developmental changes in the DMN in fifteen children who were each scanned three times during a narrative comprehension task using magnetic resonance imaging. Results Despite similar brain-activation patterns along developmental ages 5 to 18 years when listening to stories, increased, widely distributed deactivation of the DMN was observed in children between the ages of 11 and 18 years. Our findings suggest that changes occurring with increased age, primarily brain maturation and cognitive development drive deactivation of the DMN, which in turn might facilitate attendance to the task. Conclusions The interpretation of our results is as a possible reference for the typical course of deactivation of the DMN and to explain the impaired patterns in this neural network associated with different language-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel.,Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel
| | - Ardag Hajinazarian
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth Eaton
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akila Rajagopal
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vincent J Schmithorst
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer J Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Szaflarski JP, Gloss D, Binder JR, Gaillard WD, Golby AJ, Holland SK, Ojemann J, Spencer DC, Swanson SJ, French JA, Theodore WH. Practice guideline summary: Use of fMRI in the presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2017; 88:395-402. [PMID: 28077494 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of functional MRI (fMRI) in determining lateralization and predicting postsurgical language and memory outcomes. METHODS An 11-member panel evaluated and rated available evidence according to the 2004 American Academy of Neurology process. At least 2 panelists reviewed the full text of 172 articles and selected 37 for data extraction. Case reports, reports with <15 cases, meta-analyses, and editorials were excluded. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The use of fMRI may be considered an option for lateralizing language functions in place of intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE; Level C), temporal epilepsy in general (Level C), or extratemporal epilepsy (Level C). For patients with temporal neocortical epilepsy or temporal tumors, the evidence is insufficient (Level U). fMRI may be considered to predict postsurgical language deficits after anterior temporal lobe resection (Level C). The use of fMRI may be considered for lateralizing memory functions in place of IAP in patients with MTLE (Level C) but is of unclear utility in other epilepsy types (Level U). fMRI of verbal memory or language encoding should be considered for predicting verbal memory outcome (Level B). fMRI using nonverbal memory encoding may be considered for predicting visuospatial memory outcomes (Level C). Presurgical fMRI could be an adequate alternative to IAP memory testing for predicting verbal memory outcome (Level C). Clinicians should carefully advise patients of the risks and benefits of fMRI vs IAP during discussions concerning choice of specific modality in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy P Szaflarski
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - David Gloss
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - William D Gaillard
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexandra J Golby
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Scott K Holland
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey Ojemann
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - David C Spencer
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sara J Swanson
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jacqueline A French
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - William H Theodore
- From the Department of Neurology (J.P.S.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.G.), Charleston Area Medical Center, WV; Department of Neurology (J.R.B., S.J.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Children's National Medical Center (W.D.G.), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology (A.J.G.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation (S.K.H.), OH; Department of Neurosurgery (J.O.), Seattle Children's Hospital, WA; Department of Neurology (D.C.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (J.A.F.), New York University, New York; and Clinical Epilepsy Section (W.H.T.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Dietz A, Vannest J, Maloney T, Altaye M, Szaflarski JP, Holland SK. The Calculation of Language Lateralization Indices in Post-stroke Aphasia: A Comparison of a Standard and a Lesion-Adjusted Formula. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:493. [PMID: 27790102 PMCID: PMC5061744 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The language lateralization index (LI) is a valuable tool in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, especially in people with post-stroke aphasia. However, there is inconsistent consideration for the overlap of lesions with regions of interest (ROIs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether standard LI (SLI) and lesion-adjusted LI (LALI) formulae generate different LI values and language lateralization classification for people with post-stroke chronic aphasia. Methods: SLI and LALI were calculated for an event-related (overt) verb generation task in an anterior and a posterior language ROI. Twelve people with aphasia due to a single left-hemispheric infarct (11 right-handed; 1 left-handed; 77.2 ± 41.7 months post-stroke) were included (eight females; 57 ± 8.88 years). Spearman correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship of the LI values generated by the SLI and the LALI formulas. Fischer’s exact test and a weighted Cohen’s Kappa determined the difference in language lateralization classification and agreement in the classification. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between the difference in lateralization values produced by the LALI and SLI calculations with (1) lesion size, (2) the percentage of lesion overlap in each ROI, and (3) aphasia severity. Results: The two calculation methods were highly correlated and produced similar LI Values, yet yielded significantly different classification for language lateralization. Further, a more leftward LI resulted from application of the LALI formula in 10 participants, in either the anterior ROI (n = 3) or the posterior ROI (n = 7). Finally, for the posterior ROI only, significant correlations were revealed between the two calculation methods and the (1) lesion size and (2) percent of overlap with the ROI. Discussion: While both approaches produce highly correlated LI values, differences in activation lateralization between formulas were observed, including changes in lateralization classification. Examination of the issues raised in the current investigation need to be replicated with a larger sample to determine the utility of a LALI formula in predicting behavioral performance; the findings may have implications for understanding and interpreting fMRI data of people with post-stroke aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Dietz
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Maloney
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnati, OH, USA
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Yuan W, Harpster K, Jones BV, Shimony JS, McKinstry RC, Weckherlin N, Powell SS, Barnard H, Engsberg J, Kadis DS, Dodd J, Altaye M, Limbrick DD, Holland SK, Simpson SM, Bidwell S, Mangano FT. Changes of White Matter Diffusion Anisotropy in Response to a 6-Week iPad Application-Based Occupational Therapy Intervention in Children with Surgically Treated Hydrocephalus: A Pilot Study. Neuropediatrics 2016; 47:336-40. [PMID: 27438376 PMCID: PMC5035702 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Our aims were (1) to test whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could detect underlying white matter (WM) changes after a 6-week iPad application-based occupational therapy (OT) intervention in children with surgically treated hydrocephalus (HCP); and (2) to explore the association between WM changes and performance outcomes. Methods Five children (age range: 6.05-9.10 years) with surgically treated HCP completed an intensive iPad-based OT intervention targeting common domains of long-term deficits in children with HCP. The intervention included 6 weekly sessions in an OT clinic supplementing home-based program (1 hour/day, 4 days/week). DTI and neuropsychological assessments were performed before and after the intervention. Observation After the therapy, significant increases in fractional anisotropy (FA) and/or decreases in radial diffusivity were found in extensive WM areas. All participants demonstrated an increased perceptual reasoning index (PRI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence: 2nd edition, PRI gains = 14.20 ± 7.56, p = 0.014). A significant positive correlation was found between PRI increase and the increase of FA in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule and the right external capsule (both p < 0.05). Conclusion This study provides initial evidence of DTI's sensitivity to detect subtle WM changes associated with performance improvements in response to a 6-week OT intervention in children with HCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Karen Harpster
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Blaise V. Jones
- Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert C. McKinstry
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Stephanie S. Powell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,Department of Psychology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO
| | - Holly Barnard
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics – Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jack Engsberg
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Darren S. Kadis
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jonathan Dodd
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,Department of Psychology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David D. Limbrick
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sarah M. Simpson
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sarah Bidwell
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Francesco T. Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Yuan W, Meller A, Shimony JS, Nash T, Jones BV, Holland SK, Altaye M, Barnard H, Phillips J, Powell S, McKinstry RC, Limbrick DD, Rajagopal A, Mangano FT. Left hemisphere structural connectivity abnormality in pediatric hydrocephalus patients following surgery. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:631-639. [PMID: 27722087 PMCID: PMC5048110 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging research in surgically treated pediatric hydrocephalus patients remains challenging due to the artifact caused by programmable shunt. Our previous study has demonstrated significant alterations in the whole brain white matter structural connectivity based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and graph theoretical analysis in children with hydrocephalus prior to surgery or in surgically treated children without programmable shunts. This study seeks to investigate the impact of brain injury on the topological features in the left hemisphere, contratelateral to the shunt placement, which will avoid the influence of shunt artifacts and makes further group comparisons feasible for children with programmable shunt valves. Three groups of children (34 in the control group, 12 in the 3-month post-surgery group, and 24 in the 12-month post-surgery group, age between 1 and 18 years) were included in the study. The structural connectivity data processing and analysis were performed based on DTI and graph theoretical analysis. Specific procedures were revised to include only left brain imaging data in normalization, parcellation, and fiber counting from DTI tractography. Our results showed that, when compared to controls, children with hydrocephalus in both the 3-month and 12-month post-surgery groups had significantly lower normalized clustering coefficient, lower small-worldness, and higher global efficiency (all p < 0.05, corrected). At a regional level, both patient groups showed significant alteration in one or more regional connectivity measures in a series of brain regions in the left hemisphere (8 and 10 regions in the 3-month post-surgery and the 12-month post-surgery group, respectively, all p < 0.05, corrected). No significant correlation was found between any of the global or regional measures and the contemporaneous neuropsychological outcomes [the General Adaptive Composite (GAC) from the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition (ABAS-II)]. However, one global network measure (global efficiency) and two regional network measures in the insula (local efficiency and between centrality) tested at 3-month post-surgery were found to correlate with GAC score tested at 12-month post-surgery with statistical significance (all p < 0.05, corrected). Our data showed that the structural connectivity analysis based on DTI and graph theory was sensitive in detecting both global and regional network abnormality when the analysis was conducted in the left hemisphere only. This approach provides a new avenue enabling the application of advanced neuroimaging analysis methods in quantifying brain damage in children with hydrocephalus surgically treated with programmable shunts. We studied the structural connectivity of left hemisphere brain network in children with hydrocephalus post-surgery Children with hydrocephalus post-surgery had significantly abnormal structural connectivity in the left hemisphere based on graph analysis Significant correlation was found between graph measures at 3-months post-surgery and developmental outcome at 12-month post-surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Artur Meller
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tiffany Nash
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Blaise V Jones
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Scott K Holland
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Holly Barnard
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics - Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jannel Phillips
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics - Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Stephanie Powell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; Department of Psychology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert C McKinstry
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - David D Limbrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Akila Rajagopal
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Mangano FT, Altaye M, McKinstry RC, Shimony JS, Powell SK, Phillips JM, Barnard H, Limbrick DD, Holland SK, Jones BV, Dodd J, Simpson S, Deanna M, Rajagopal A, Bidwell S, Yuan W. Diffusion tensor imaging study of pediatric patients with congenital hydrocephalus: 1-year postsurgical outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 18:306-19. [PMID: 27203134 PMCID: PMC5035704 DOI: 10.3171/2016.2.peds15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate white matter (WM) structural abnormalities using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in children with hydrocephalus before CSF diversionary surgery (including ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion and endoscopic third ventriculostomy) and during the course of recovery after surgery in association with neuropsychological and behavioral outcome. METHODS This prospective study included 54 pediatric patients with congenital hydrocephalus (21 female, 33 male; age range 0.03-194.5 months) who underwent surgery and 64 normal controls (30 female, 34 male; age range 0.30-197.75 months). DTI and neurodevelopmental outcome data were collected once in the control group and 3 times (preoperatively and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively) in the patients with hydrocephalus. DTI measures, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values were extracted from the genu of the corpus callosum (gCC) and the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC). Group analysis was performed first cross-sectionally to quantify DTI abnormalities at 3 time points by comparing the data obtained in the hydrocephalus group for each of the 3 time points to data obtained in the controls. Longitudinal comparisons were conducted pairwise between different time points in patients whose data were acquired at multiple time points. Neurodevelopmental data were collected and analyzed using the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition. Correlation analyses were performed between DTI and behavioral measures. RESULTS Significant DTI abnormalities were found in the hydrocephalus patients in both the gCC (lower FA and higher MD, AD, and RD) and the PLIC (higher FA, lower AD and RD) before surgery. The DTI measures in the gCC remained mostly abnormal at 3 and 12 months after surgery. The DTI abnormalities in the PLIC were significant in FA and AD at 3 months after surgery but did not persist when tested at 12 months after surgery. Significant longitudinal DTI changes in the patients with hydrocephalus were found in the gCC when findings at 3 and 12 months after surgery were compared. In the PLIC, trend-level longitudinal changes were observed between preoperative findings and 3-month postoperative findings, as well as between 3- and 12-month postoperative findings. Significant correlation between DTI and developmental outcome was found at all 3 time points. Notably, a significant correlation was found between DTI in the PLIC at 3 months after surgery and developmental outcome at 12 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The data showed significant WM abnormality based on DTI in both the gCC and the PLIC in patients with congenital hydrocephalus before surgery, and the abnormalities persisted in both the gCC and the PLIC at 3 months after surgery. The DTI values remained significantly abnormal in the gCC at 12 months after surgery. Longitudinal analysis showed signs of recovery in both WM structures between different time points. Combined with the significant correlation found between DTI and neuropsychological measures, the findings of this study suggest that DTI can serve as a sensitive imaging biomarker for underlying neuroanatomical changes and postsurgical developmental outcome and even as a predictor for future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco T. Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert C. McKinstry
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Saint Louis, MO,Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Saint Louis, MO,Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Stephanie K. Powell
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO,Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO,Department of Psychology, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jannel M. Phillips
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics – Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Holly Barnard
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics – Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David D. Limbrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Saint Louis, MO,Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Blaise V. Jones
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathon Dodd
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO,Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO,Department of Psychology, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sarah Simpson
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mercer Deanna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Saint Louis, MO,Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Sarah Bidwell
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Merhar SL, Gozdas E, Tkach JA, Harpster KL, Schwartz TL, Yuan W, Kline-Fath BM, Leach JL, Altaye M, Holland SK. Functional and structural connectivity of the visual system in infants with perinatal brain injury. Pediatr Res 2016; 80:43-8. [PMID: 26991261 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with perinatal brain injury are at risk of later visual problems. Advanced neuroimaging techniques show promise to detect functional and structural alterations of the visual system. We hypothesized that infants with perinatal brain injury would have less brain activation during a visual functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task and reduced task-based functional connectivity and structural connectivity as compared with healthy controls. METHODS Ten infants with perinatal brain injury and 20 control infants underwent visual fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) during natural sleep with no sedation. Activation maps, functional connectivity maps, and structural connectivity were analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS Most infants in both groups had negative activation in the visual cortex during the fMRI task. Infants with brain injury showed reduced activation in the occipital cortex, weaker connectivity between visual areas and other areas of the brain during the visual task, and reduced fractional anisotropy in white matter tracts projecting to visual regions, as compared with control infants. CONCLUSION Infants with brain injury sustained in the perinatal period showed evidence of decreased brain activity and functional connectivity during a visual task and altered structural connectivity as compared with healthy term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Merhar
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elveda Gozdas
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jean A Tkach
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Karen L Harpster
- Division of Occupational and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Terry L Schwartz
- Division of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Beth M Kline-Fath
- Department of Radiology and Medical imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James L Leach
- Department of Radiology and Medical imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott K Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Allendorfer JB, Hernando KA, Hossain S, Nenert R, Holland SK, Szaflarski JP. Arcuate fasciculus asymmetry has a hand in language function but not handedness. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3297-309. [PMID: 27144738 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of relationships between handedness, language lateralization and localization, and white matter tracts for language performance is unclear. The goal of the study was to investigate these relationships by examining arcuate fasciculus (AF) structural asymmetry (DTI) and functional asymmetry (fMRI) in language circuits, handedness, and linguistic performance. A large sample of right-handed (n = 158) and atypical-handed (n = 82) healthy adults underwent DTI at 3 T to assess number of streamlines and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the AF, and language fMRI. Language functions were assessed using standard tests of vocabulary, naming, verbal fluency, and complex ideation. Laterality indices (LIs) illustrated degree of asymmetry and lateralization patterns for the AF (streamlines and FA) and verb generation fMRI. Both handedness groups showed leftward lateralization bias for streamline and fMRI LIs and symmetry for FA LI. The proportion of subjects with left, right, or symmetric lateralization were similar between groups if based on AF LIs, but differed if based on fMRI LIs (p = 0.0016). Degree of right-handedness was not associated with AF lateralization, but was associated with fMRI language lateralization (p = 0.0014). FA LI was not associated with performance on language assessments, but streamline LI was associated with better vocabulary and complex ideation performance in atypical-handed subjects (p = 0.022 and p = 0.0098, respectively), and better semantic fluency in right-handed subjects (p = 0.047); however, these did not survive multiple comparisons correction. We provide evidence that AF asymmetry is independent of hand preference, and while degree of right-handedness is associated with hemispheric language lateralization, the majority of atypical-handed individuals are left-lateralized for language. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3297-3309, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kathleen A Hernando
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shyla Hossain
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rodolphe Nenert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Scott K Holland
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Portugal LCL, Rosa MJ, Rao A, Bebko G, Bertocci MA, Hinze AK, Bonar L, Almeida JRC, Perlman SB, Versace A, Schirda C, Travis M, Gill MK, Demeter C, Diwadkar VA, Ciuffetelli G, Rodriguez E, Forbes EE, Sunshine JL, Holland SK, Kowatch RA, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Horwitz SM, Arnold EL, Fristad MA, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Pereira M, Oliveira L, Phillips ML, Mourao-Miranda J. Can Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation in Youth Be Decoded from Functional Neuroimaging? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0117603. [PMID: 26731403 PMCID: PMC4701457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High comorbidity among pediatric disorders characterized by behavioral and emotional dysregulation poses problems for diagnosis and treatment, and suggests that these disorders may be better conceptualized as dimensions of abnormal behaviors. Furthermore, identifying neuroimaging biomarkers related to dimensional measures of behavior may provide targets to guide individualized treatment. We aimed to use functional neuroimaging and pattern regression techniques to determine whether patterns of brain activity could accurately decode individual-level severity on a dimensional scale measuring behavioural and emotional dysregulation at two different time points. METHODS A sample of fifty-seven youth (mean age: 14.5 years; 32 males) was selected from a multi-site study of youth with parent-reported behavioral and emotional dysregulation. Participants performed a block-design reward paradigm during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Pattern regression analyses consisted of Relevance Vector Regression (RVR) and two cross-validation strategies implemented in the Pattern Recognition for Neuroimaging toolbox (PRoNTo). Medication was treated as a binary confounding variable. Decoded and actual clinical scores were compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and mean squared error (MSE) to evaluate the models. Permutation test was applied to estimate significance levels. RESULTS Relevance Vector Regression identified patterns of neural activity associated with symptoms of behavioral and emotional dysregulation at the initial study screen and close to the fMRI scanning session. The correlation and the mean squared error between actual and decoded symptoms were significant at the initial study screen and close to the fMRI scanning session. However, after controlling for potential medication effects, results remained significant only for decoding symptoms at the initial study screen. Neural regions with the highest contribution to the pattern regression model included cerebellum, sensory-motor and fronto-limbic areas. CONCLUSIONS The combination of pattern regression models and neuroimaging can help to determine the severity of behavioral and emotional dysregulation in youth at different time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana C. L. Portugal
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Computational Statistics and Machine Learning, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Maria João Rosa
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Computational Statistics and Machine Learning, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Rao
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Computational Statistics and Machine Learning, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Michele A. Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Amanda K. Hinze
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jorge R. C. Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Susan B. Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Michael Travis
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Christine Demeter
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States of America
| | - Gary Ciuffetelli
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Eric Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Sunshine
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Kowatch
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - David Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Horwitz
- Department of Child Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Eugene L. Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Mary A. Fristad
- Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Findling
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Mirtes Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Leticia Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Janaina Mourao-Miranda
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Computational Statistics and Machine Learning, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kadis DS, Dimitrijevic A, Toro-Serey CA, Smith ML, Holland SK. Characterizing Information Flux Within the Distributed Pediatric Expressive Language Network: A Core Region Mapped Through fMRI-Constrained MEG Effective Connectivity Analyses. Brain Connect 2015; 6:76-83. [PMID: 26456242 PMCID: PMC4744880 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2015.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using noninvasive neuroimaging, researchers have shown that young children have bilateral and diffuse language networks, which become increasingly left lateralized and focal with development. Connectivity within the distributed pediatric language network has been minimally studied, and conventional neuroimaging approaches do not distinguish task-related signal changes from those that are task essential. In this study, we propose a novel multimodal method to map core language sites from patterns of information flux. We retrospectively analyze neuroimaging data collected in two groups of children, ages 5–18 years, performing verb generation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 343) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) (n = 21). The fMRI data were conventionally analyzed and the group activation map parcellated to define node locations. Neuronal activity at each node was estimated from MEG data using a linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer, and effective connectivity within canonical frequency bands was computed using the phase slope index metric. We observed significant (p ≤ 0.05) effective connections in all subjects. The number of suprathreshold connections was significantly and linearly correlated with participant's age (r = 0.50, n = 21, p ≤ 0.05), suggesting that core language sites emerge as part of the normal developmental trajectory. Across frequencies, we observed significant effective connectivity among proximal left frontal nodes. Within the low frequency bands, information flux was rostrally directed within a focal, left frontal region, approximating Broca's area. At higher frequencies, we observed increased connectivity involving bilateral perisylvian nodes. Frequency-specific differences in patterns of information flux were resolved through fast (i.e., MEG) neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren S Kadis
- 1 Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,2 Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,3 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Dimitrijevic
- 4 Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,5 Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,6 Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Claudio A Toro-Serey
- 1 Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- 7 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,8 Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott K Holland
- 1 Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,3 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio.,4 Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,9 Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Eaton K, Farah R, Hajinazarian A, Vannest J, Holland SK. Predicting better performance on a college preparedness test from narrative comprehension at the age of 6 years: An fMRI study. Brain Res 2015; 1629:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tan L, Holland SK, Deshpande AK, Chen Y, Choo DI, Lu LJ. A semi-supervised Support Vector Machine model for predicting the language outcomes following cochlear implantation based on pre-implant brain fMRI imaging. Brain Behav 2015; 5:e00391. [PMID: 26807332 PMCID: PMC4714644 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We developed a machine learning model to predict whether or not a cochlear implant (CI) candidate will develop effective language skills within 2 years after the CI surgery by using the pre-implant brain fMRI data from the candidate. METHODS The language performance was measured 2 years after the CI surgery by the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool, Second Edition (CELF-P2). Based on the CELF-P2 scores, the CI recipients were designated as either effective or ineffective CI users. For feature extraction from the fMRI data, we constructed contrast maps using the general linear model, and then utilized the Bag-of-Words (BoW) approach that we previously published to convert the contrast maps into feature vectors. We trained both supervised models and semi-supervised models to classify CI users as effective or ineffective. RESULTS Compared with the conventional feature extraction approach, which used each single voxel as a feature, our BoW approach gave rise to much better performance for the classification of effective versus ineffective CI users. The semi-supervised model with the feature set extracted by the BoW approach from the contrast of speech versus silence achieved a leave-one-out cross-validation AUC as high as 0.97. Recursive feature elimination unexpectedly revealed that two features were sufficient to provide highly accurate classification of effective versus ineffective CI users based on our current dataset. CONCLUSION We have validated the hypothesis that pre-implant cortical activation patterns revealed by fMRI during infancy correlate with language performance 2 years after cochlear implantation. The two brain regions highlighted by our classifier are potential biomarkers for the prediction of CI outcomes. Our study also demonstrated the superiority of the semi-supervised model over the supervised model. It is always worthwhile to try a semi-supervised model when unlabeled data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Tan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati Ohio 45229; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing System University of Cincinnati 812 Rhodes Hall Cincinnati Ohio 45221-0030
| | - Scott K Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio 45221
| | - Aniruddha K Deshpande
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing-Sciences, 106A Davison Hall 110 Hofstra University, Hempstead New York 11549
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati Ohio 45229; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing System University of Cincinnati 812 Rhodes Hall Cincinnati Ohio 45221-0030
| | - Daniel I Choo
- Department of Otolaryngology College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Sciences Building 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati Ohio 45267
| | - Long J Lu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati Ohio 45229; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing System University of Cincinnati 812 Rhodes Hall Cincinnati Ohio 45221-0030; Department of Environmental Health College of Medicine University of Cincinnati 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati Ohio 45267
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Hutton JS, Horowitz-Kraus T, Mendelsohn AL, DeWitt T, Holland SK. Home Reading Environment and Brain Activation in Preschool Children Listening to Stories. Pediatrics 2015; 136:466-78. [PMID: 26260716 PMCID: PMC9923605 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Parent-child reading is widely advocated to promote cognitive development, including in recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics to begin this practice at birth. Although parent-child reading has been shown in behavioral studies to improve oral language and print concepts, quantifiable effects on the brain have not been previously studied. Our study used blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the relationship between home reading environment and brain activity during a story listening task in a sample of preschool-age children. We hypothesized that while listening to stories, children with greater home reading exposure would exhibit higher activation of left-sided brain regions involved with semantic processing (extraction of meaning). METHODS Nineteen 3- to 5-year-old children were selected from a longitudinal study of normal brain development. All completed blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging using an age-appropriate story listening task, where narrative alternated with tones. We performed a series of whole-brain regression analyses applying composite, subscale, and individual reading-related items from the validated StimQ-P measure of home cognitive environment as explanatory variables for neural activation. RESULTS Higher reading exposure (StimQ-P Reading subscale score) was positively correlated (P < .05, corrected) with neural activation in the left-sided parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex, a "hub" region supporting semantic language processing, controlling for household income. CONCLUSIONS In preschool children listening to stories, greater home reading exposure is positively associated with activation of brain areas supporting mental imagery and narrative comprehension, controlling for household income. These neural biomarkers may help inform eco-bio-developmental models of emergent literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics,,Address correspondence to John S. Hutton, MD, Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7035, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail:
| | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics,,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium,,Communication Sciences Research Center, and
| | - Alan L. Mendelsohn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York
| | - Tom DeWitt
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium,,Communication Sciences Research Center, and,Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
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Szaflarski JP, Allendorfer JB, Byars AW, Vannest J, Dietz A, Hernando KA, Holland SK. Age at stroke determines post-stroke language lateralization. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2015; 32:733-42. [PMID: 25159870 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-140402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine how age at the time of left middle cerebral artery stroke affects language lateralization in a combined sample of subjects with perinatal, childhood, and adult stroke. METHODS 19 participants who had perinatal stroke (<1 month of age), 32 with later stroke, and 51 sex-/age-matched healthy controls (HCs) received fMRI of language using verb generation task (VGT). RESULTS Percent lesion volumes were not different between groups (perinatal vs. late stroke) when taking brain volume into account (p = 0.084). Perinatal stroke group showed bilateral signal increases compared to more left-lateralized signals in matched HCs; late stroke group and HCs both showed left-hemispheric signal increases. LIs in the stroke groups were consistently more bilateral than in HCs (all p < 0.008) except for the late group's posterior LI (p = 0.080). There was greater proportion of leftward language lateralization in HCs compared to their respective stroke groups (78.9% vs. 31.6% in perinatal; 87.5% vs. 59.4% in late stroke; p = 0.004) and a larger proportion of leftward lateralization in late compared to perinatal stroke (p = 0.039). The age of stroke occurrence showed significant positive associations with global and frontal LI (both p ≤ 0.007). CONCLUSION As expected, the age of stroke occurrence affects subsequent verb generation lateralization. Greater cortical plasticity is observed in earlier stroke while later stroke is associated with reliance on the repair of the previously damaged left-hemispheric networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A W Byars
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Vannest
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Dietz
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K A Hernando
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S K Holland
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Horowitz-Kraus T, DiFrancesco M, Kay B, Wang Y, Holland SK. Increased resting-state functional connectivity of visual- and cognitive-control brain networks after training in children with reading difficulties. Neuroimage Clin 2015. [PMID: 26199874 PMCID: PMC4506990 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Reading Acceleration Program, a computerized reading-training program, increases activation in neural circuits related to reading. We examined the effect of the training on the functional connectivity between independent components related to visual processing, executive functions, attention, memory, and language during rest after the training. Children 8-12 years old with reading difficulties and typical readers participated in the study. Behavioral testing and functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed before and after the training. Imaging data were analyzed using an independent component analysis approach. After training, both reading groups showed increased single-word contextual reading and reading comprehension scores. Greater positive correlations between the visual-processing component and the executive functions, attention, memory, or language components were found after training in children with reading difficulties. Training-related increases in connectivity between the visual and attention components and between the visual and executive function components were positively correlated with increased word reading and reading comprehension, respectively. Our findings suggest that the effect of the Reading Acceleration Program on basic cognitive domains can be detected even in the absence of an ongoing reading task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mark DiFrancesco
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Kay
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Wang
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Akbari SHA, Limbrick DD, McKinstry RC, Altaye M, Ragan DK, Yuan W, Mangano FT, Holland SK, Shimony JS. Periventricular hyperintensity in children with hydrocephalus. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:1189-97. [PMID: 25779827 PMCID: PMC4512883 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance images of children with hydrocephalus often include a rim of hyperintensity in the periventricular white matter (halo). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to decide between the hypothesis that the halo is caused by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow during the cardiac cycle, and the alternate hypothesis that the halo is caused by anatomical changes (stretching and compression of white matter). MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were selected from a multicenter imaging study of pediatric hydrocephalus. We compared 19 children with hydrocephalus to a group of 52 controls. We quantified ventricle enlargement using the frontal-occipital horn ratio. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis of diffusion tensor imaging in the corpus callosum and posterior limb of the internal capsule. Parameters included the fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity. RESULTS The halo was seen in 16 of the 19 children with hydrocephalus but not in the controls. The corpus callosum of the hydrocephalus group demonstrated FA values that were significantly decreased from those in the control group (P = 4 · 10(-6)), and highly significant increases were seen in the mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in the hydrocephalus group. In the posterior limb of the internal capsule the FA values of the hydrocephalus group were higher than those for the control group (P = 0.002), and higher values in the hydrocephalus group were also noted in the axial diffusivity. We noted correlations between the diffusion parameters and the frontal-occipital horn ratio. CONCLUSION Our results strongly support the hypothesis that the halo finding in hydrocephalus is caused by structural changes rather than pulsatile CSF flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hassan A. Akbari
- Department of Neurological Surgery St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David D. Limbrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C. McKinstry
- Department of Radiology St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dustin K. Ragan
- Department of Pediatrics St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Radiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Francesco T. Mangano
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Surgery Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Department of Pediatric Radiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Department of Radiology St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthetics induce widespread cell death, permanent neuronal deletion, and neurocognitive impairment in immature animals, raising substantial concerns about similar effects occurring in young children. Epidemiologic studies have been unable to sufficiently address this concern, in part due to reliance on group-administered achievement tests, inability to assess brain structure, and limited control for confounders. METHODS We compared healthy participants of a language development study at age 5 to 18 years who had undergone surgery with anesthesia before 4 years of age (n = 53) with unexposed peers (n = 53) who were matched for age, gender, handedness, and socioeconomic status. Neurocognitive assessments included the Oral and Written Language Scales and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS) or WISC, as appropriate for age. Brain structural comparisons were conducted by using T1-weighted MRI scans. RESULTS Average test scores were within population norms, regardless of surgical history. However, compared with control subjects, previously exposed children scored significantly lower in listening comprehension and performance IQ. Exposure did not lead to gross elimination of gray matter in regions previously identified as vulnerable in animals. Decreased performance IQ and language comprehension, however, were associated with lower gray matter density in the occipital cortex and cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that general anesthesia for a surgical procedure in early childhood may be associated with long-term diminution of language abilities and cognition, as well as regional volumetric alterations in brain structure. Although causation remains unresolved, these findings nonetheless warrant additional research into the phenomenon's mechanism and mitigating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Andreas W. Loepke
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Ragan DK, Cerqua J, Nash T, McKinstry RC, Shimony JS, Jones BV, Mangano FT, Holland SK, Yuan W, Limbrick DD. The accuracy of linear indices of ventricular volume in pediatric hydrocephalus: technical note. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2015; 15:547-51. [PMID: 25745953 PMCID: PMC4558898 DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.peds14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of ventricular size is essential in clinical management of hydrocephalus and other neurological disorders. At present, ventricular size is assessed using indices derived from the dimensions of the ventricles rather than the actual volumes. In a population of 22 children with congenital hydrocephalus and 22 controls, the authors evaluated the relationship between ventricular volume and linear indices in common use, such as the frontooccipital horn ratio, Evans' index, and the bicaudate index. Ventricular volume was measured on high-resolution anatomical MR images. The frontooccipital horn ratio was found to have a stronger correlation with both absolute and relative ventricular volume than other indices. Further analysis of the brain volumes found that congenital hydrocephalus produced a negligible decrease in the volume of the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin K. Ragan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Tiffany Nash
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert C. McKinstry
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua S. Shimony
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Weihong Yuan
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David D. Limbrick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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