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Hasan MS, Lin CJ, Marhavy P, Kyndt T, Siddique S. Redox signalling in plant-nematode interactions: Insights into molecular crosstalk and defense mechanisms. Plant Cell Environ 2024. [PMID: 38679939 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes, specifically cyst nematodes (CNs) and root-knot nematodes (RKNs), pose significant threats to global agriculture, leading to substantial crop losses. Both CNs and RKNs induce permanent feeding sites in the root of their host plants, which then serve as their only source of nutrients throughout their lifecycle. Plants deploy reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a primary defense mechanism against nematode invasion. Notably, both CNs and RKNs have evolved sophisticated strategies to manipulate the host's redox environment to their advantage, with each employing distinct tactics to combat ROS. In this review, we have focused on the role of ROS and its scavenging network in interactions between host plants and CNs and RKNs. Overall, this review emphasizes the complex interplay between plant defense mechanism, redox signalling and nematode survival tactics, suggesting potential avenues for developing innovative nematode management strategies in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shamim Hasan
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES-Molecular Phytomedicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ching-Jung Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Peter Marhavy
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department Biotechnology, Research Group Epigenetics & Defence, Gent, Belgium
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Lin CJ, Siddique S. Parasitic nematodes: dietary habits and their implications. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:230-240. [PMID: 38262837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Nematodes, a diverse group of roundworms, exhibit a wide range of dietary habits, including parasitism of animals and plants. These parasites cause substantial economic losses in agriculture and pose significant health challenges to humans and animals. This review explores the unique adaptations of parasitic nematodes, emphasizing their nutritional requirements and metabolic dependencies. Recent research has identified cross-kingdom compartmentalization of vitamin B5 biosynthesis in some parasitic nematodes, shedding light on coevolutionary dynamics and potential targets for control strategies. Several open questions remain regarding the complexity of nematode nutrition, host manipulation, evolutionary adaptations, and the influence of environmental factors on their metabolic processes. Understanding these aspects offers promising avenues for targeted interventions to manage and control these economically and medically important parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Jung Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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3
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K RB, Siddique S, Sebastian P, Backianathan S, B R. A Retrospective Dosimetric Study in Breast Cancer Patients Who Received Conformal Radiation Therapy for Achievability of Recommended Dose Constraints of RTOG, DBCG, EORTC for Lung and Heart. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e182. [PMID: 37784806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) In India, carcinoma of breast is the commonest malignancy among women. In multidisciplinary approach of its management, radiotherapy (RT) is an important component. Different cooperative groups have defined dose constraints to lungs and heart to minimize these late side effects such as radiation pneumonitis and coronary artery disease. To assess the achievability of dose constraints given for lung and heart by RTOG, EORTC and DBCG in our cohort of breast cancer patients who underwent conformal radiation therapy to chest wall / breast along with supraclavicular nodal region. MATERIALS/METHODS This retrospective dosimetric study included all breast cancer patients who underwent conformal radiation in our institute from Jan 2021 to Dec 2022 and was treated with a dose of 40 Gy in 15 fractions. RESULTS A total of 302 patients (162 - Left sided, 140 - Right sided) were in the study cohort. Majority of them received RT with 3DCRT with FiF (266 patients) and 36 patients received RT by VMAT technique. Respiratory gating was done in left sided breast cancer by DIBH for 46.2 % of patients due to COVID pandemic during this period. Our analysis showed that for the ipsilateral lung, EORTC (77.8%) dose constraints were easy to achieve followed by DBCG (65.2%) and RTOG (61.9 %). For the heart constraints in left sided breast cancer patients, easily achievable constraints were by DBCG (91.9 %) followed by RTOG (66.6 %) and EORTC (53.1%). The DBCG constraints of Dmean <5 Gy was more liberal than any other recommendations. All the dose constraint recommendations were easily achieved for heart in right sided breast cancer patients, by more than 90 % of the population. Usage of respiratory gating with DIBH technique improves the rates of achievability of lung constraints in 56 (74.6%) out of 75 patient and heart constraints in 54 (72 %) out of 75 patients. Our institutional policy is to treat chest wall / breast along with supraclavicular nodal chain in case of NACT or T3/T4 disease and this could have been the reason why we were unable to achieved the dose constraints recommended. CONCLUSION The DBCG dose constraint recommendations for heart was achieved in the left chest wall treatment in majority of women and EORTC was best achieved for ipsilateral lung. All heart dose constraint recommendations were achieved for right chest wall treatment. Respiratory gating improves achievability rates of the recommendations. It is difficult to achieve all the dose constraints as recommended by different cooperative groups as there is variation among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B K
- Christian medical college and hospital, Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Siddique
- Christian medical college and hospital, Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - P Sebastian
- Christian medical college and hospital, Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - S Backianathan
- Christian medical college and hospital, Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - R B
- Christian medical college, Vellore, Vellore, India
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4
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Yimer HZ, Luu DD, Coomer Blundell A, Ercoli MF, Vieira P, Williamson VM, Ronald PC, Siddique S. Root-knot nematodes produce functional mimics of tyrosine-sulfated plant peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304612120. [PMID: 37428936 PMCID: PMC10629525 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304612120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly evolved obligate parasites threatening global food security. These parasites have a remarkable ability to establish elaborate feeding sites in roots, which are their only source of nutrients throughout their life cycle. A wide range of nematode effectors have been implicated in modulation of host pathways for defense suppression and/or feeding site development. Plants produce a diverse array of peptide hormones including PLANT PEPTIDE CONTAINING SULFATED TYROSINE (PSY)-family peptides, which promote root growth via cell expansion and proliferation. A sulfated PSY-like peptide RaxX (required for activation of XA21 mediated immunity X) produced by the biotrophic bacterial pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) has been previously shown to contribute to bacterial virulence. Here, we report the identification of genes from root-knot nematodes predicted to encode PSY-like peptides (MigPSYs) with high sequence similarity to both bacterial RaxX and plant PSYs. Synthetic sulfated peptides corresponding to predicted MigPSYs stimulate root growth in Arabidopsis. MigPSY transcript levels are highest early in the infection cycle. Downregulation of MigPSY gene expression reduces root galling and egg production, suggesting that the MigPSYs serve as nematode virulence factors. Together, these results indicate that nematodes and bacteria exploit similar sulfated peptides to hijack plant developmental signaling pathways to facilitate parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Zemene Yimer
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Dee Dee Luu
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Alison Coomer Blundell
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Maria Florencia Ercoli
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Paulo Vieira
- U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD20705
| | - Valerie M. Williamson
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Pamela C. Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA95616
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5
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Siddique S, Radakovic ZS, Hiltl C, Pellegrin C, Baum TJ, Beasley H, Bent AF, Chitambo O, Chopra D, Danchin EGJ, Grenier E, Habash SS, Hasan MS, Helder J, Hewezi T, Holbein J, Holterman M, Janakowski S, Koutsovoulos GD, Kranse OP, Lozano-Torres JL, Maier TR, Masonbrink RE, Mendy B, Riemer E, Sobczak M, Sonawala U, Sterken MG, Thorpe P, van Steenbrugge JJM, Zahid N, Grundler F, Eves-van den Akker S. The genome and lifestage-specific transcriptomes of a plant-parasitic nematode and its host reveal susceptibility genes involved in trans-kingdom synthesis of vitamin B5. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6190. [PMID: 36261416 PMCID: PMC9582021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major threat to crop production in all agricultural systems. The scarcity of classical resistance genes highlights a pressing need to find new ways to develop nematode-resistant germplasm. Here, we sequence and assemble a high-quality phased genome of the model cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii to provide a platform for the first system-wide dual analysis of host and parasite gene expression over time, covering all major parasitism stages. Analysis of the hologenome of the plant-nematode infection site identified metabolic pathways that were incomplete in the parasite but complemented by the host. Using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, and biochemical approaches, we show that a highly atypical completion of vitamin B5 biosynthesis by the parasitic animal, putatively enabled by a horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium, is required for full pathogenicity. Knockout of either plant-encoded or now nematode-encoded steps in the pathway significantly reduces parasitic success. Our experiments establish a reference for cyst nematodes, further our understanding of the evolution of plant-parasitism by nematodes, and show that congruent differential expression of metabolic pathways in the infection hologenome represents a new way to find nematode susceptibility genes. The approach identifies genome-editing-amenable targets for future development of nematode-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zoran S Radakovic
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
- P.H. Petersen Saatzucht Lundsgaard GmbH, D-24977, Grundhof, Germany
| | - Clarissa Hiltl
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clement Pellegrin
- The Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Helen Beasley
- The Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Andrew F Bent
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Oliver Chitambo
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Divykriti Chopra
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Etienne G J Danchin
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Eric Grenier
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Rennes, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Samer S Habash
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
- BASF Vegetable Seeds, Napoleonsweg 152, 6083, AB, Nunhem, The Netherlands
| | - M Shamim Hasan
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Helder
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Julia Holbein
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martijn Holterman
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Solynta, Dreijenlaan 2, 6703, HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sławomir Janakowski
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Olaf P Kranse
- The Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Jose L Lozano-Torres
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom R Maier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Rick E Masonbrink
- Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Badou Mendy
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Esther Riemer
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Unnati Sonawala
- The Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Mark G Sterken
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Thorpe
- Mackenzie Institute for Early Diagnosis, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Joris J M van Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nageena Zahid
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert- Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Badwe R, Parmar V, Nair N, Hawaldar R, Joshi S, Pawar S, Kadayaprath G, Borthakur B, Rao S, Pandya S, B S, Chitale P, Neve R, Harris C, Srivastava A, Siddique S, Vanmali V, Dewade A, Gaikwad V, Gupta S. 137MO Effect of peri-tumoral infiltration of local anaesthetic prior to surgery on survival in early breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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7
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Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes spend much of their lives inside or in contact with host tissue, and molecular interactions constantly occur and shape the outcome of parasitism. Eggs of these parasites generally hatch in the soil, and the juveniles must locate and infect an appropriate host before their stored energy is exhausted. Components of host exudate are evaluated by the nematode and direct its migration to its infection site. Host plants recognize approaching nematodes before physical contact through molecules released by the nematodes and launch a defense response. In turn, nematodes deploy numerous mechanisms to counteract plant defenses. This review focuses on these early stages of the interaction between plants and nematodes. We discuss how nematodes perceive and find suitable hosts, how plants perceive and mount a defense response against the approaching parasites, and how nematodes fight back against host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Alison Coomer
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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8
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Evans RA, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Harris VC, Houchen-Wolloff L, Aul R, Beirne P, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar-Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Fuld J, Hart N, Hurst J, Jones MG, Parekh D, Pfeffer P, Rahman NM, Rowland-Jones SL, Shah AM, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Greening NJ, Heaney LG, Heller S, Howard LS, Jacob J, Jenkins RG, Lord JM, Man WDC, McCann GP, Neubauer S, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Semple MG, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Thwaites RS, Briggs A, Docherty AB, Kerr S, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Thorpe M, Zheng B, Chalmers JD, Ho LP, Horsley A, Marks M, Poinasamy K, Raman B, Harrison EM, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Abel K, Adamali H, Adeloye D, Adeyemi O, Adrego R, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Ahmad S, Ahmad Haider N, Ahmed R, Ahwireng N, Ainsworth M, Al-Sheklly B, Alamoudi A, Ali M, Aljaroof M, All AM, Allan L, Allen RJ, Allerton L, Allsop L, Almeida P, Altmann D, Alvarez Corral M, Amoils S, Anderson D, Antoniades C, Arbane G, Arias A, Armour C, Armstrong L, Armstrong N, Arnold D, Arnold H, Ashish A, Ashworth A, Ashworth M, Aslani S, Assefa-Kebede H, Atkin C, Atkin P, Aung H, Austin L, Avram C, Ayoub A, Babores M, Baggott R, Bagshaw J, Baguley D, Bailey L, Baillie JK, Bain S, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldry E, Baldwin D, Ballard C, Banerjee A, Bang B, Barker RE, Barman L, Barratt S, Barrett F, Basire D, Basu N, Bates M, Bates A, Batterham R, Baxendale H, Bayes H, Beadsworth M, Beckett P, Beggs M, Begum M, Bell D, Bell R, Bennett K, Beranova E, Bermperi A, Berridge A, Berry C, Betts S, Bevan E, Bhui K, Bingham M, Birchall K, Bishop L, Bisnauthsing K, Blaikely J, Bloss A, Bolger A, Bonnington J, Botkai A, Bourne C, Bourne M, Bramham K, Brear L, Breen G, Breeze J, Bright E, Brill S, Brindle K, Broad L, Broadley A, Brookes C, Broome M, Brown A, Brown A, Brown J, Brown J, Brown M, Brown M, Brown V, Brugha T, Brunskill N, Buch M, Buckley P, Bularga A, Bullmore E, Burden L, Burdett T, Burn D, Burns G, Burns A, Busby J, Butcher R, Butt A, Byrne S, Cairns P, Calder PC, Calvelo E, Carborn H, Card B, Carr C, Carr L, Carson G, Carter P, Casey A, Cassar M, Cavanagh J, Chablani M, Chambers RC, Chan F, Channon KM, Chapman K, Charalambou A, Chaudhuri N, Checkley A, Chen J, Cheng Y, Chetham L, Childs C, Chilvers ER, Chinoy H, Chiribiri A, Chong-James K, Choudhury N, Chowienczyk P, Christie C, Chrystal M, Clark D, Clark C, Clarke J, Clohisey S, Coakley G, Coburn Z, Coetzee S, Cole J, Coleman C, Conneh F, Connell D, Connolly B, Connor L, Cook A, Cooper B, Cooper J, Cooper S, Copeland D, Cosier T, Coulding M, Coupland C, Cox E, Craig T, Crisp P, Cristiano D, Crooks MG, Cross A, Cruz I, Cullinan P, Cuthbertson D, Daines L, Dalton M, Daly P, Daniels A, Dark P, Dasgin J, David A, David C, Davies E, Davies F, Davies G, Davies GA, Davies K, Dawson J, Daynes E, Deakin B, Deans A, Deas C, Deery J, Defres S, Dell A, Dempsey K, Denneny E, Dennis J, Dewar A, Dharmagunawardena R, Dickens C, Dipper A, Diver S, Diwanji SN, Dixon M, Djukanovic R, Dobson H, Dobson SL, Donaldson A, Dong T, Dormand N, Dougherty A, Dowling R, Drain S, Draxlbauer K, Drury K, Dulawan P, Dunleavy A, Dunn S, Earley J, Edwards S, Edwardson C, El-Taweel H, Elliott A, Elliott K, Ellis Y, Elmer A, Evans D, Evans H, Evans J, Evans R, Evans RI, Evans T, Evenden C, Evison L, Fabbri L, Fairbairn S, Fairman A, Fallon K, Faluyi D, Favager C, Fayzan T, Featherstone J, Felton T, Finch J, Finney S, Finnigan J, Finnigan L, Fisher H, Fletcher S, Flockton R, Flynn M, Foot H, Foote D, Ford A, Forton D, Fraile E, Francis C, Francis R, Francis S, Frankel A, Fraser E, Free R, French N, Fu X, Furniss J, Garner L, Gautam N, George J, George P, Gibbons M, Gill M, Gilmour L, Gleeson F, Glossop J, Glover S, Goodman N, Goodwin C, Gooptu B, Gordon H, Gorsuch T, Greatorex M, Greenhaff PL, Greenhalgh A, Greenwood J, Gregory H, Gregory R, Grieve D, Griffin D, Griffiths L, Guerdette AM, Guillen Guio B, Gummadi M, Gupta A, Gurram S, Guthrie E, Guy Z, H Henson H, Hadley K, Haggar A, Hainey K, Hairsine B, Haldar P, Hall I, Hall L, Halling-Brown M, Hamil R, Hancock A, Hancock K, Hanley NA, Haq S, Hardwick HE, Hardy E, Hardy T, Hargadon B, Harrington K, Harris E, Harrison P, Harvey A, Harvey M, Harvie M, Haslam L, Havinden-Williams M, Hawkes J, Hawkings N, Haworth J, Hayday A, Haynes M, Hazeldine J, Hazelton T, Heeley C, Heeney JL, Heightman M, Henderson M, Hesselden L, Hewitt M, Highett V, Hillman T, Hiwot T, Hoare A, Hoare M, Hockridge J, Hogarth P, Holbourn A, Holden S, Holdsworth L, Holgate D, Holland M, Holloway L, Holmes K, Holmes M, Holroyd-Hind B, Holt L, Hormis A, Hosseini A, Hotopf M, Howard K, Howell A, Hufton E, Hughes AD, Hughes J, Hughes R, Humphries A, Huneke N, Hurditch E, Husain M, Hussell T, Hutchinson J, Ibrahim W, Ilyas F, Ingham J, Ingram L, Ionita D, Isaacs K, Ismail K, Jackson T, James WY, Jarman C, Jarrold I, Jarvis H, Jastrub R, Jayaraman B, Jezzard P, Jiwa K, Johnson C, Johnson S, Johnston D, Jolley CJ, Jones D, Jones G, Jones H, Jones H, Jones I, Jones L, Jones S, Jose S, Kabir T, Kaltsakas G, Kamwa V, Kanellakis N, Kaprowska S, Kausar Z, Keenan N, Kelly S, Kemp G, Kerslake H, Key AL, Khan F, Khunti K, Kilroy S, King B, King C, Kingham L, Kirk J, Kitterick P, Klenerman P, Knibbs L, Knight S, Knighton A, Kon O, Kon S, Kon SS, Koprowska S, Korszun A, Koychev I, Kurasz C, Kurupati P, Laing C, Lamlum H, Landers G, Langenberg C, Lasserson D, Lavelle-Langham L, Lawrie A, Lawson C, Lawson C, Layton A, Lea A, Lee D, Lee JH, Lee E, Leitch K, Lenagh R, Lewis D, Lewis J, Lewis V, Lewis-Burke N, Li X, Light T, Lightstone L, Lilaonitkul W, Lim L, Linford S, Lingford-Hughes A, Lipman M, Liyanage K, Lloyd A, Logan S, Lomas D, Loosley R, Lota H, Lovegrove W, Lucey A, Lukaschuk E, Lye A, Lynch C, MacDonald S, MacGowan G, Macharia I, Mackie J, Macliver L, Madathil S, Madzamba G, Magee N, Magtoto MM, Mairs N, Majeed N, Major E, Malein F, Malim M, Mallison G, Mandal S, Mangion K, Manisty C, Manley R, March K, Marciniak S, Marino P, Mariveles M, Marouzet E, Marsh S, Marshall B, Marshall M, Martin J, Martineau A, Martinez LM, Maskell N, Matila D, Matimba-Mupaya W, Matthews L, Mbuyisa A, McAdoo S, Weir McCall J, McAllister-Williams H, McArdle A, McArdle P, McAulay D, McCormick J, McCormick W, McCourt P, McGarvey L, McGee C, Mcgee K, McGinness J, McGlynn K, McGovern A, McGuinness H, McInnes IB, McIntosh J, McIvor E, McIvor K, McLeavey L, McMahon A, McMahon MJ, McMorrow L, Mcnally T, McNarry M, McNeill J, McQueen A, McShane H, Mears C, Megson C, Megson S, Mehta P, Meiring J, Melling L, Mencias M, Menzies D, Merida Morillas M, Michael A, Milligan L, Miller C, Mills C, Mills NL, Milner L, Misra S, Mitchell J, Mohamed A, Mohamed N, Mohammed S, Molyneaux PL, Monteiro W, Moriera S, Morley A, Morrison L, Morriss R, Morrow A, Moss AJ, Moss P, Motohashi K, Msimanga N, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Munawar U, Murira J, Nanda U, Nassa H, Nasseri M, Neal A, Needham R, Neill P, Newell H, Newman T, Newton-Cox A, Nicholson T, Nicoll D, Nolan CM, Noonan MJ, Norman C, Novotny P, Nunag J, Nwafor L, Nwanguma U, Nyaboko J, O'Donnell K, O'Brien C, O'Brien L, O'Regan D, Odell N, Ogg G, Olaosebikan O, Oliver C, Omar Z, Orriss-Dib L, Osborne L, Osbourne R, Ostermann M, Overton C, Owen J, Oxton J, Pack J, Pacpaco E, Paddick S, Painter S, Pakzad A, Palmer S, Papineni P, Paques K, Paradowski K, Pareek M, Parfrey H, Pariante C, Parker S, Parkes M, Parmar J, Patale S, Patel B, Patel M, Patel S, Pattenadk D, Pavlides M, Payne S, Pearce L, Pearl JE, Peckham D, Pendlebury J, Peng Y, Pennington C, Peralta I, Perkins E, Peterkin Z, Peto T, Petousi N, Petrie J, Phipps J, Pimm J, Piper Hanley K, Pius R, Plant H, Plein S, Plekhanova T, Plowright M, Polgar O, Poll L, Porter J, Portukhay S, Powell N, Prabhu A, Pratt J, Price A, Price C, Price C, Price D, Price L, Price L, Prickett A, Propescu J, Pugmire S, Quaid S, Quigley J, Qureshi H, Qureshi IN, Radhakrishnan K, Ralser M, Ramos A, Ramos H, Rangeley J, Rangelov B, Ratcliffe L, Ravencroft P, Reddington A, Reddy R, Redfearn H, Redwood D, Reed A, Rees M, Rees T, Regan K, Reynolds W, Ribeiro C, Richards A, Richardson E, Rivera-Ortega P, Roberts K, Robertson E, Robinson E, Robinson L, Roche L, Roddis C, Rodger J, Ross A, Ross G, Rossdale J, Rostron A, Rowe A, Rowland A, Rowland J, Roy K, Roy M, Rudan I, Russell R, Russell E, Saalmink G, Sabit R, Sage EK, Samakomva T, Samani N, Sampson C, Samuel K, Samuel R, Sanderson A, Sapey E, Saralaya D, Sargant J, Sarginson C, Sass T, Sattar N, Saunders K, Saunders P, Saunders LC, Savill H, Saxon W, Sayer A, Schronce J, Schwaeble W, Scott K, Selby N, Sewell TA, Shah K, Shah P, Shankar-Hari M, Sharma M, Sharpe C, Sharpe M, Shashaa S, Shaw A, Shaw K, Shaw V, Shelton S, Shenton L, Shevket K, Short J, Siddique S, Siddiqui S, Sidebottom J, Sigfrid L, Simons G, Simpson J, Simpson N, Singh C, Singh S, Sissons D, Skeemer J, Slack K, Smith A, Smith D, Smith S, Smith J, Smith L, Soares M, Solano TS, Solly R, Solstice AR, Soulsby T, Southern D, Sowter D, Spears M, Spencer LG, Speranza F, Stadon L, Stanel S, Steele N, Steiner M, Stensel D, Stephens G, Stephenson L, Stern M, Stewart I, Stimpson R, Stockdale S, Stockley J, Stoker W, Stone R, Storrar W, Storrie A, Storton K, Stringer E, Strong-Sheldrake S, Stroud N, Subbe C, Sudlow CL, Suleiman Z, Summers C, Summersgill C, Sutherland D, Sykes DL, Sykes R, Talbot N, Tan AL, Tarusan L, Tavoukjian V, Taylor A, Taylor C, Taylor J, Te A, Tedd H, Tee CJ, Teixeira J, Tench H, Terry S, Thackray-Nocera S, Thaivalappil F, Thamu B, Thickett D, Thomas C, Thomas S, Thomas AK, Thomas-Woods T, Thompson T, Thompson AAR, Thornton T, Tilley J, Tinker N, Tiongson GF, Tobin M, Tomlinson J, Tong C, Touyz R, Tripp KA, Tunnicliffe E, Turnbull A, Turner E, Turner S, Turner V, Turner K, Turney S, Turtle L, Turton H, Ugoji J, Ugwuoke R, Upthegrove R, Valabhji J, Ventura M, Vere J, Vickers C, Vinson B, Wade E, Wade P, Wainwright T, Wajero LO, Walder S, Walker S, Walker S, Wall E, Wallis T, Walmsley S, Walsh JA, Walsh S, Warburton L, Ward TJC, Warwick K, Wassall H, Waterson S, Watson E, Watson L, Watson J, Welch C, Welch H, Welsh B, Wessely S, West S, Weston H, Wheeler H, White S, Whitehead V, Whitney J, Whittaker S, Whittam B, Whitworth V, Wight A, Wild J, Wilkins M, Wilkinson D, Williams N, Williams N, Williams J, Williams-Howard SA, Willicombe M, Willis G, Willoughby J, Wilson A, Wilson D, Wilson I, Window N, Witham M, Wolf-Roberts R, Wood C, Woodhead F, Woods J, Wormleighton J, Worsley J, Wraith D, Wrey Brown C, Wright C, Wright L, Wright S, Wyles J, Wynter I, Xu M, Yasmin N, Yasmin S, Yates T, Yip KP, Young B, Young S, Young A, Yousuf AJ, Zawia A, Zeidan L, Zhao B, Zongo O. Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10:761-775. [PMID: 35472304 PMCID: PMC9034855 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions exist for patients with long COVID. We aimed to describe recovery 1 year after hospital discharge for COVID-19, identify factors associated with patient-perceived recovery, and identify potential therapeutic targets by describing the underlying inflammatory profiles of the previously described recovery clusters at 5 months after hospital discharge. METHODS The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID-19 across the UK. Recovery was assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance, and organ function at 5 months and 1 year after hospital discharge, and stratified by both patient-perceived recovery and recovery cluster. Hierarchical logistic regression modelling was performed for patient-perceived recovery at 1 year. Cluster analysis was done using the clustering large applications k-medoids approach using clinical outcomes at 5 months. Inflammatory protein profiling was analysed from plasma at the 5-month visit. This study is registered on the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN10980107, and recruitment is ongoing. FINDINGS 2320 participants discharged from hospital between March 7, 2020, and April 18, 2021, were assessed at 5 months after discharge and 807 (32·7%) participants completed both the 5-month and 1-year visits. 279 (35·6%) of these 807 patients were women and 505 (64·4%) were men, with a mean age of 58·7 (SD 12·5) years, and 224 (27·8%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation (WHO class 7-9). The proportion of patients reporting full recovery was unchanged between 5 months (501 [25·5%] of 1965) and 1 year (232 [28·9%] of 804). Factors associated with being less likely to report full recovery at 1 year were female sex (odds ratio 0·68 [95% CI 0·46-0·99]), obesity (0·50 [0·34-0·74]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (0·42 [0·23-0·76]). Cluster analysis (n=1636) corroborated the previously reported four clusters: very severe, severe, moderate with cognitive impairment, and mild, relating to the severity of physical health, mental health, and cognitive impairment at 5 months. We found increased inflammatory mediators of tissue damage and repair in both the very severe and the moderate with cognitive impairment clusters compared with the mild cluster, including IL-6 concentration, which was increased in both comparisons (n=626 participants). We found a substantial deficit in median EQ-5D-5L utility index from before COVID-19 (retrospective assessment; 0·88 [IQR 0·74-1·00]), at 5 months (0·74 [0·64-0·88]) to 1 year (0·75 [0·62-0·88]), with minimal improvements across all outcome measures at 1 year after discharge in the whole cohort and within each of the four clusters. INTERPRETATION The sequelae of a hospital admission with COVID-19 were substantial 1 year after discharge across a range of health domains, with the minority in our cohort feeling fully recovered. Patient-perceived health-related quality of life was reduced at 1 year compared with before hospital admission. Systematic inflammation and obesity are potential treatable traits that warrant further investigation in clinical trials. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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Hasan MS, Chopra D, Damm A, Koprivova A, Kopriva S, Meyer AJ, Müller‐Schüssele S, Grundler FMW, Siddique S. Glutathione contributes to plant defence against parasitic cyst nematodes. Mol Plant Pathol 2022; 23:1048-1059. [PMID: 35352464 PMCID: PMC9190975 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyst nematodes (CNs) are an important group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasites that severely damage many crop plants worldwide. An infective CN juvenile enters the host's roots and migrates towards the vascular cylinder, where it induces the formation of syncytial feeding cells, which nourish the CN throughout its parasitic stages. Here, we examined the role of glutathione (l-γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine) in Arabidopsis thaliana on infection with the CN Heterodera schachtii. Arabidopsis lines with mutations pad2, cad2, or zir1 in the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GSH1) gene, which encodes the first enzyme in the glutathione biosynthetic pathway, displayed enhanced CN susceptibility, but susceptibility was reduced for rax1, another GSH1 allele. Biochemical analysis revealed differentially altered thiol levels in these mutants that was independent of nematode infection. All glutathione-deficient mutants exhibited impaired activation of defence marker genes as well as genes for biosynthesis of the antimicrobial compound camalexin early in infection. Further analysis revealed a link between glutathione-mediated plant resistance to CN infection and the production of camalexin on nematode infection. These results suggest that glutathione levels affect plant resistance to CN by fine-tuning the balance between the cellular redox environment and the production of compounds related to defence against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Shamim Hasan
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)Molecular PhytomedicineUniversity of BonnINRESBonnGermany
- Department of Plant PathologyFaculty of AgricultureHajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
| | - Divykriti Chopra
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)Molecular PhytomedicineUniversity of BonnINRESBonnGermany
| | - Anika Damm
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)Molecular PhytomedicineUniversity of BonnINRESBonnGermany
| | - Anna Koprivova
- Institute for Plant SciencesCluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant SciencesCluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Andreas J. Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)Chemical SignallingUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Stefanie Müller‐Schüssele
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)Chemical SignallingUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Florian M. W. Grundler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)Molecular PhytomedicineUniversity of BonnINRESBonnGermany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)Molecular PhytomedicineUniversity of BonnINRESBonnGermany
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Nair N, Hawaldar R, Parmar V, Siddique S, Mittra I, Vanmali V, Joshi S, Gupta S, Badwe R. 172P Long-term follow-up of randomized controlled trial (RCT) of locoregional treatment versus not of the primary tumour in de-novo metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Anjam MS, Siddique S, Marhavy P. RNA Isolation from Nematode-Induced Feeding Sites in Arabidopsis Roots Using Laser Capture Microdissection. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2494:313-324. [PMID: 35467217 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2297-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nematodes are diverse multicellular organisms that are most abundantly found in the soil. Most nematodes are free-living and feed on a range of organisms. Based on their feeding habits, soil nematodes can be classified into four groups: bacterial, omnivorous, fungal, and plant-feeding. Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are a serious threat to global food security, causing substantial losses to the agricultural sector. Root-knot and cyst nematodes are the most important of PPNs, significantly limiting the yield of commercial crops such as sugar beet, mustard, and cauliflower. The life cycle of these nematodes consists of four molting stages (J1-J4) that precede adulthood. Nonetheless, only second-stage juveniles (J2), which hatch from eggs, are infective worms that can parasitize the host's roots. The freshly hatched juveniles (J2) of beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, establish a permanent feeding site inside the roots of the host plant. A cocktail of proteinaceous secretions is injected into a selected cell which later develops into a syncytium via local cell wall dissolution of several hundred neighboring cells. The formation of syncytium is accompanied by massive transcriptional, metabolic, and proteomic changes inside the host tissues. It creates a metabolic sink in which solutes are translocated to feed the nematodes throughout their life cycle. Deciphering the molecular signaling cascades during syncytium establishment is thus essential in studying the plant-nematode interactions and ensuring sustainability in agricultural practices. However, isolating RNA, protein, and metabolites from syncytial cells remains challenging. Extensive use of laser capture microdissection (LCM) in animal and human tissues has shown this approach to be a powerful technique for isolating a single cell from complex tissues. Here, we describe a simplified protocol for Arabidopsis-Heterodera schachtii infection assays, which is routinely applied in several plant-nematode laboratories. Next, we provide a detailed protocol for isolating high-quality RNA from syncytial cells induced by Heterodera schachtii in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad Anjam
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter Marhavy
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden.
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Chopra D, Hasan MS, Matera C, Chitambo O, Mendy B, Mahlitz SV, Naz AA, Szumski S, Janakowski S, Sobczak M, Mithöfer A, Kyndt T, Grundler FMW, Siddique S. Plant parasitic cyst nematodes redirect host indole metabolism via NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS to promote infection. New Phytol 2021; 232:318-331. [PMID: 34133755 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in response to infections often activate immune responses in eukaryotes including plants. In plants, ROS are primarily produced by plasma membrane-bound NADPH oxidases called respiratory burst oxidase homologue (Rboh). Surprisingly, Rbohs can also promote the infection of plants by certain pathogens, including plant parasitic cyst nematodes. The Arabidopsis genome contains 10 Rboh genes (RbohA-RbohJ). Previously, we showed that cyst nematode infection causes a localised ROS burst in roots, mediated primarily by RbohD and RbohF. We also found that plants deficient in RbohD and RbohF (rbohD/F) exhibit strongly decreased susceptibility to cyst nematodes, suggesting that Rboh-mediated ROS plays a role in promoting infection. However, little information is known of the mechanism by which Rbohs promote cyst nematode infection. Here, using detailed genetic and biochemical analyses, we identified WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1), an auxin transporter, as a downstream target of Rboh-mediated ROS during parasitic infections. We found that WAT1 is required to modulate the host's indole metabolism, including indole-3-acetic acid levels, in infected cells and that this reprogramming is necessary for successful establishment of the parasite. In conclusion, this work clarifies a unique mechanism that enables cyst nematodes to use the host's ROS for their own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divykriti Chopra
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - M Shamim Hasan
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Christiane Matera
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Oliver Chitambo
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Badou Mendy
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Sina-Valerie Mahlitz
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Ali Ahmad Naz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Shelly Szumski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Slawomir Janakowski
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, PL-02-787, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, PL-02-787, Poland
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department Biotechnology, Research Group Epigenetics & Defence, Coupure links 653, Gent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, Bonn, D-53115, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Omidvar R, Vosseler N, Abbas A, Gutmann B, Grünwald-Gruber C, Altmann F, Siddique S, Bohlmann H. Analysis of a gene family for PDF-like peptides from Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18948. [PMID: 34556705 PMCID: PMC8460643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant defensins are small, basic peptides that have a characteristic three-dimensional folding pattern which is stabilized by four disulfide bridges. We show here that Arabidopsis contains in addition to the proper plant defensins a group of 9 plant defensin-like (PdfL) genes. They are all expressed at low levels while GUS fusions of the promoters showed expression in most tissues with only minor differences. We produced two of the encoded peptides in E. coli and tested the antimicrobial activity in vitro. Both were highly active against fungi but had lower activity against bacteria. At higher concentrations hyperbranching and swollen tips, which are indicative of antimicrobial activity, were induced in Fusarium graminearum by both peptides. Overexpression lines for most PdfL genes were produced using the 35S CaMV promoter to study their possible in planta function. With the exception of PdfL4.1 these lines had enhanced resistance against F. oxysporum. All PDFL peptides were also transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with agroinfiltration using the pPZP3425 vector. In case of PDFL1.4 this resulted in complete death of the infiltrated tissues after 7 days. All other PDFLs resulted only in various degrees of small necrotic lesions. In conclusion, our results show that at least some of the PdfL genes could function in plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Omidvar
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Nadine Vosseler
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Amjad Abbas
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Birgit Gutmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- RIVIERA Pharma and Cosmetics GmbH, Holzhackerstraße 1, Tulln, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Holger Bohlmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, UFT Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
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Palomares-Rius JE, Hasegawa K, Siddique S, Vicente CSL. Editorial: Protecting Our Crops - Approaches for Plant Parasitic Nematode Control. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:726057. [PMID: 34539718 PMCID: PMC8440992 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan E. Palomares-Rius
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Claudia S. L. Vicente
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
- INIAV, I.P. – Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
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Kranse O, Beasley H, Adams S, Pires-daSilva A, Bell C, Lilley CJ, Urwin PE, Bird D, Miska E, Smant G, Gheysen G, Jones J, Viney M, Abad P, Maier TR, Baum TJ, Siddique S, Williamson V, Akay A, Eves-van den Akker S. Toward genetic modification of plant-parasitic nematodes: delivery of macromolecules to adults and expression of exogenous mRNA in second stage juveniles. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:6135037. [PMID: 33585878 PMCID: PMC8022973 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are a continuing threat to food security, causing an estimated 100 billion USD in crop losses each year. The most problematic are the obligate sedentary endoparasites (primarily root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes). Progress in understanding their biology is held back by a lack of tools for functional genetics: forward genetics is largely restricted to studies of natural variation in populations and reverse genetics is entirely reliant on RNA interference. There is an expectation that the development of functional genetic tools would accelerate the progress of research on plant-parasitic nematodes, and hence the development of novel control solutions. Here, we develop some of the foundational biology required to deliver a functional genetic tool kit in plant-parasitic nematodes. We characterize the gonads of male Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne hapla in the context of spermatogenesis. We test and optimize various methods for the delivery, expression, and/or detection of exogenous nucleic acids in plant-parasitic nematodes. We demonstrate that delivery of macromolecules to cyst and root knot nematode male germlines is difficult, but possible. Similarly, we demonstrate the delivery of oligonucleotides to root knot nematode gametes. Finally, we develop a transient expression system in plant-parasitic nematodes by demonstrating the delivery and expression of exogenous mRNA encoding various reporter genes throughout the body of H. schachtii juveniles using lipofectamine-based transfection. We anticipate these developments to be independently useful, will expedite the development of genetic modification tools for plant-parasitic nematodes, and ultimately catalyze research on a group of nematodes that threaten global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Kranse
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Helen Beasley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Sally Adams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Christopher Bell
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Catherine J Lilley
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter E Urwin
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David Bird
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - Eric Miska
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Geert Smant
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Jones
- Cell & Molecular Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK.,School of Biology, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Mark Viney
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Thomas R Maier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valerie Williamson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alper Akay
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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16
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Shrestha A, Cudjoe DK, Kamruzzaman M, Siddique S, Fiorani F, Léon J, Naz AA. Abscisic acid-responsive element binding transcription factors contribute to proline synthesis and stress adaptation in Arabidopsis. J Plant Physiol 2021; 261:153414. [PMID: 33895677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proline accumulation is one of the most common adaptive responses of higher plants against abiotic stresses like drought. It plays multiple roles in osmotic adjustment, cell homeostasis and stress recovery. Genetic regulation of proline accumulation under drought is complex, and transcriptional cascades modulating proline is poorly understood. Here, we employed quadruple mutant (abf1 abf2 abf3 abf4) to dissect the role of ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) binding transcription factors (ABFs) in modulating proline accumulation across varying stress scenarios. ABREs are present across the promoter of the P5CS1 gene, whose upregulation is considered a hallmark for drought inducible proline accumulation. Upon ABA treatment, P5CS1 mRNA expression and proline content in the shoot were significantly higher in Col-0 compared to the quadruple mutant. Similar results were found at 2 h and 3 h after acute dehydration. We quantified proline at different time points after drought stress treatment. The proline content was higher in wild type (Col-0) than the quadruple mutant at the early stage of drought. Notably, the proline accumulation in wild type increased at a slower rate than the quadruple mutant 7 d after drought stress. Besides, the quadruple mutant displayed significant oxidative damage, low tissue turgidity and higher membrane damage under terminal drought stress. Both terminal drought stress and long-term constant water stress revealed substantial differences in growth rate between wild type and quadruple mutant. The study provides evidence that ABFs are involved in drought stress response, such as proline biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asis Shrestha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kingsley Cudjoe
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Fabio Fiorani
- IBG-2- Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Jens Léon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ali Ahmad Naz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Germany.
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Sato K, Uehara T, Holbein J, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Gan P, Bino T, Yamaguchi K, Ichihashi Y, Maki N, Shigenobu S, Ohta H, Franke RB, Siddique S, Grundler FMW, Suzuki T, Kadota Y, Shirasu K. Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Responses in a New Model Root-Knot Nematode Infection System Using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:680151. [PMID: 34122492 PMCID: PMC8194700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Solanum torvum Sw. (Turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. We previously found that a pathotype of M. arenaria, A2-J, is able to infect and propagate in S. torvum. In vitro infection assays showed that S. torvum induced the accumulation of brown pigments during avirulent pathotype A2-O infection, but not during virulent A2-J infection. This experimental system is advantageous because resistant and susceptible responses can be distinguished within a few days, and because a single plant genome can yield information about both resistant and susceptible responses. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of S. torvum inoculated with A2-J and A2-O at early stages of infection was used to parse the specific resistance and susceptible responses. Infection with A2-J did not induce statistically significant changes in gene expression within one day post-inoculation (DPI), but afterward, A2-J specifically induced the expression of chalcone synthase, spermidine synthase, and genes related to cell wall modification and transmembrane transport. Infection with A2-O rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding class III peroxidases, sesquiterpene synthases, and fatty acid desaturases at 1 DPI, followed by genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of lignin at 3 DPI. Both isolates induced the expression of suberin biosynthetic genes, which may be triggered by wounding during nematode infection. Histochemical analysis revealed that A2-O, but not A2-J, induced lignin accumulation at the root tip, suggesting that physical reinforcement of cell walls with lignin is an important defense response against nematodes. The S. torvum-RKN system can provide a molecular basis for understanding plant-nematode interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taketo Uehara
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Julia Holbein
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Pamela Gan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bino
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Maki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rochus B. Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Florian M. W. Grundler
- INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Histological stains are useful tools for characterizing cell shape, arrangement and the material they are made from. Stains can be used individually or simultaneously to mark different cell structures or polymers within the same cells, and to visualize them in different colors. Histological stains can be combined with genetically-encoded fluorescent proteins, which are useful for understanding of plant development. To visualize suberin lamellae by fluorescent microscopy, we improved a histological staining procedure with the dyes Fluorol Yellow 088 and aniline blue. In the complex plant organs such as roots, suberin lamellae are deposited deep within the root on the endodermal cell wall. Our procedure yields reliable and detailed images that can be used to determine the suberin pattern in root cells. The main advantage of this protocol is its efficiency, the detailed visualization of suberin localization it generates in the root, and the possibility of returning to the confocal images to analyze and re-evaluate data if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Marhavý
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish; University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
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19
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Siddique S, Khan D, Aamir M, Khan J, Matloob N, Butt A. 177P A plasma biomarker panel of microRNAs for early breast cancer diagnosis. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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21
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Gutbrod P, Gutbrod K, Nauen R, Elashry A, Siddique S, Benting J, Dörmann P, Grundler FMW. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by spirotetramat causes growth arrest and lipid depletion in nematodes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12710. [PMID: 32728104 PMCID: PMC7391777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a significant threat to agriculture causing annual yield losses worth more than 100 billion US$. Nematode control often involves the use of nematicides, but many of them including non-selective fumigants have been phased out, particularly due to ecotoxicological concerns. Thus new control strategies are urgently needed. Spirotetramat (SPT) is used as phloem-mobile systemic insecticide targeting acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) of pest insects and mites upon foliar application. However, in nematodes the mode of action of SPT and its effect on their development have not been studied so far. Our studies revealed that SPT known to be activated in planta to SPT-enol acts as a developmental inhibitor of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii. Exposure to SPT-enol leads to larval arrest and disruption of the life cycle. Furthermore, SPT-enol inhibits nematode ACC activity, affects storage lipids and fatty acid composition. Silencing of H. schachtii ACC by RNAi induced similar phenotypes and thus mimics the effects of SPT-enol, supporting the conclusion that SPT-enol acts on nematodes by inhibiting ACC. Our studies demonstrated that the inhibition of de novo lipid biosynthesis by interfering with nematode ACC is a new nematicidal mode of action addressed by SPT, a well-known systemic insecticide for sucking pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gutbrod
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- IMBIO, Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- IMBIO, Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Monheim, Germany
| | - Abdelnaser Elashry
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Schlansted, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Dept. of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis, Davis, USA
| | | | - Peter Dörmann
- IMBIO, Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Singh RR, Verstraeten B, Siddique S, Tegene AM, Tenhaken R, Frei M, Haeck A, Demeestere K, Pokhare S, Gheysen G, Kyndt T. Ascorbate oxidation activates systemic defence against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:4271-4284. [PMID: 32242224 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is the major antioxidant buffer produced in the shoot tissue of plants. Previous studies on root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne graminicola)-infected rice (Oryza sativa) plants showed differential expression of AA-recycling genes, although their functional role was unknown. Our results confirmed increased dehydroascorbate (DHA) levels in nematode-induced root galls, while AA mutants were significantly more susceptible to nematode infection. External applications of ascorbate oxidase (AO), DHA, or reduced AA, revealed systemic effects of ascorbate oxidation on rice defence versus RKN, associated with a primed accumulation of H2O2 upon nematode infection. To confirm and further investigate these systemic effects, a transcriptome analysis was done on roots of foliar AO-treated plants, revealing activation of the ethylene (ET) response and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathways in roots, which was confirmed by hormone measurements. Activation of these pathways by methyl-JA, or ethephon treatment can complement the susceptibility phenotype of the rice Vitamin C (vtc1) mutant. Experiments on the jasmonate signalling (jar1) mutant or using chemical JA/ET inhibitors confirm that the effects of ascorbate oxidation are dependent on both the JA and ET pathways. Collectively, our data reveal a novel pathway in which ascorbate oxidation induces systemic defence against RKNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahid Siddique
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA, USA
| | | | - Raimund Tenhaken
- Department of Bio Sciences; Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ashley Haeck
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group EnVOC, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Somnath Pokhare
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Hiltl
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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24
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Anjam MS, Shah SJ, Matera C, Różańska E, Sobczak M, Siddique S, Grundler FMW. Host factors influence the sex of nematodes parasitizing roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:1160-1174. [PMID: 32103526 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes induce hypermetabolic syncytial nurse cells in the roots of their host plants. Syncytia are their only food source. Cyst nematodes are sexually dimorphic, with their differentiation into male or female strongly influenced by host environmental conditions. Under favourable conditions with plenty of nutrients, more females develop, whereas mainly male nematodes develop under adverse conditions such as in resistant plants. Here, we developed and validated a method to predict the sex of beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) during the early stages of its parasitism in the host plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We collected root segments containing male-associated syncytia (MAS) or female-associated syncytia (FAS), isolated syncytial cells by laser microdissection, and performed a comparative transcriptome analysis. Genes belonging to categories of defence, nutrient deficiency, and nutrient starvation were over-represented in MAS as compared with FAS. Conversely, gene categories related to metabolism, modification, and biosynthesis of cell walls were over-represented in FAS. We used β-glucuronidase analysis, qRT-PCR, and loss-of-function mutants to characterize FAS- and MAS-specific candidate genes. Our results demonstrate that various plant-based factors, including immune response, nutrient availability, and structural modifications, influence the sexual fate of the cyst nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad Anjam
- Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES, Bonn, Germany
| | - Syed Jehangir Shah
- Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Matera
- Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES, Bonn, Germany
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25
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Hamada N, Yimer HZ, Williamson VM, Siddique S. Chemical Hide and Seek: Nematode's Journey to Its Plant Host. Mol Plant 2020; 13:541-543. [PMID: 32201283 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hamada
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henok Zemene Yimer
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valerie M Williamson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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26
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Bokhari A, Essack M, Lafi FF, Andres-Barrao C, Jalal R, Alamoudi S, Razali R, Alzubaidy H, Shah KH, Siddique S, Bajic VB, Hirt H, Saad MM. Author Correction: Bioprospecting desert plant Bacillus endophytic strains for their potential to enhance plant stress tolerance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3001. [PMID: 32060294 PMCID: PMC7021772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ameerah Bokhari
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center - Advanced Research Center (EXPEC ARC), Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras F Lafi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Zayed University, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Abu-Dhabi, 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cristina Andres-Barrao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaa Jalal
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,University of Jeddah, P-O-BOX No.80327, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Alamoudi
- King Abdulaziz University, Science and Arts College, Department of Biology, Rabigh, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Alzubaidy
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kausar H Shah
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Siddique
- UC Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, USA
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maged M Saad
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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27
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Bokhari A, Essack M, Lafi FF, Andres-Barrao C, Jalal R, Alamoudi S, Razali R, Alzubaidy H, Shah KH, Siddique S, Bajic VB, Hirt H, Saad MM. Bioprospecting desert plant Bacillus endophytic strains for their potential to enhance plant stress tolerance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18154. [PMID: 31796881 PMCID: PMC6890672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are known to increase plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, specifically those from dry and salty environments. In this study, we examined the endophyte bacterial community of five plant species growing in the Thar desert of Pakistan. Among a total of 368 culturable isolates, 58 Bacillus strains were identified from which the 16 most divergent strains were characterized for salt and heat stress resilience as well as antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities. When the 16 Bacillus strains were tested on the non-host plant Arabidopsis thaliana, B. cereus PK6-15, B. subtilis PK5-26 and B. circulans PK3-109 significantly enhanced plant growth under salt stress conditions, doubling fresh weight levels when compared to uninoculated plants. B. circulans PK3-15 and PK3-109 did not promote plant growth under normal conditions, but increased plant fresh weight by more than 50% when compared to uninoculated plants under salt stress conditions, suggesting that these salt tolerant Bacillus strains exhibit PGP traits only in the presence of salt. Our data indicate that the collection of 58 plant endophytic Bacillus strains represents an important genomic resource to decipher plant growth promotion at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameerah Bokhari
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center - Advanced Research Center (EXPEC ARC), Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras F Lafi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Zayed University, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Abu-Dhabi, 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cristina Andres-Barrao
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaa Jalal
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,University of Jeddah, P-O-BOX No.80327, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Alamoudi
- King Abdulaziz University, Science and Arts College, Department of Biology, Rabigh, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Alzubaidy
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kausar H Shah
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Siddique
- UC Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, USA
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maged M Saad
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Desert Agriculture, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Holbein J, Franke RB, Marhavý P, Fujita S, Górecka M, Sobczak M, Geldner N, Schreiber L, Grundler FMW, Siddique S. Root endodermal barrier system contributes to defence against plant-parasitic cyst and root-knot nematodes. Plant J 2019; 100:221-236. [PMID: 31322300 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause tremendous yield losses worldwide in almost all economically important crops. The agriculturally most important PPNs belong to a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasites that includes cyst and root-knot nematodes. Both cyst and root-knot nematodes induce specialized long-term feeding structures in root vasculature from which they obtain their nutrients. A specialized cell layer in roots called the endodermis, which has cell walls reinforced with suberin deposits and a lignin-based Casparian strip (CS), protects the vascular cylinder against abiotic and biotic threats. To date, the role of the endodermis, and especially of suberin and the CS, during plant-nematode interactions was largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the role of suberin and CS during interaction between Arabidopsis plants and two sedentary root-parasitic nematode species, the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. We found that nematode infection damages the endodermis leading to the activation of suberin biosynthesis genes at nematode infection sites. Although feeding sites induced by both cyst and root-knot nematodes are surrounded by endodermis during early stages of infection, the endodermis is degraded during later stages of feeding site development, indicating periderm formation or ectopic suberization of adjacent tissue. Chemical suberin analysis showed a characteristic suberin composition resembling peridermal suberin in nematode-infected tissue. Notably, infection assays using Arabidopsis lines with CS defects and impaired compensatory suberization, revealed that the CS and suberization impact nematode infectivity and feeding site size. Taken together, our work establishes the role of the endodermal barrier system in defence against a soil-borne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Holbein
- INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rochus B Franke
- IZMB - Ecophysiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Marhavý
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mirosława Górecka
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- IZMB - Ecophysiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Pogorelko GV, Juvale PS, Rutter WB, Hütten M, Maier TR, Hewezi T, Paulus J, van der Hoorn RA, Grundler FM, Siddique S, Lionetti V, Zabotina OA, Baum TJ. Re-targeting of a plant defense protease by a cyst nematode effector. Plant J 2019; 98:1000-1014. [PMID: 30801789 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants mount defense responses during pathogen attacks, and robust host defense suppression by pathogen effector proteins is essential for infection success. 4E02 is an effector of the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing the effector-coding sequence showed altered expression levels of defense response genes, as well as higher susceptibility to both the biotroph H. schachtii and the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, indicating a potential suppression of defenses by 4E02. Yeast two-hybrid analyses showed that 4E02 targets A. thaliana vacuolar papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) 'Responsive to Dehydration 21A' (RD21A), which has been shown to function in the plant defense response. Activity-based protein profiling analyses documented that the in planta presence of 4E02 does not impede enzymatic activity of RD21A. Instead, 4E02 mediates a re-localization of this protease from the vacuole to the nucleus and cytoplasm, which is likely to prevent the protease from performing its defense function and at the same time, brings it in contact with novel substrates. Yeast two-hybrid analyses showed that RD21A interacts with multiple host proteins including enzymes involved in defense responses as well as carbohydrate metabolism. In support of a role in carbohydrate metabolism of RD21A after its effector-mediated re-localization, we observed cell wall compositional changes in 4E02 expressing A. thaliana lines. Collectively, our study shows that 4E02 removes RD21A from its defense-inducing pathway and repurposes this enzyme by targeting the active protease to different cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady V Pogorelko
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Parijat S Juvale
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - William B Rutter
- USDA-ARS, US Vegetable Laboratory, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA
| | - Marion Hütten
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas R Maier
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Judith Paulus
- Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Florian Mw Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Charles Darwin, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga A Zabotina
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Thomas J Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Marhavý P, Kurenda A, Siddique S, Dénervaud Tendon V, Zhou F, Holbein J, Hasan MS, Grundler FM, Farmer EE, Geldner N. Single-cell damage elicits regional, nematode-restricting ethylene responses in roots. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018100972. [PMID: 31061171 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to cellular damage by mechanical stresses, herbivore feeding, or invading microbes. Primary wound responses are communicated to neighboring and distal tissues by mobile signals. In leaves, crushing of large cell populations activates a long-distance signal, causing jasmonate production in distal organs. This is mediated by a cation channel-mediated depolarization wave and is associated with cytosolic Ca2+ transient currents. Here, we report that much more restricted, single-cell wounding in roots by laser ablation elicits non-systemic, regional surface potential changes, calcium waves, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Surprisingly, laser ablation does not induce a robust jasmonate response, but regionally activates ethylene production and ethylene-response markers. This ethylene activation depends on calcium channel activities distinct from those in leaves, as well as a specific set of NADPH oxidases. Intriguingly, nematode attack elicits very similar responses, including membrane depolarization and regional upregulation of ethylene markers. Moreover, ethylene signaling antagonizes nematode feeding, delaying initial syncytial-phase establishment. Regional signals caused by single-cell wounding thus appear to constitute a relevant root immune response against small invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Marhavý
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Kurenda
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Molecular Phytomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valerie Dénervaud Tendon
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Holbein
- Department of Molecular Phytomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Shamim Hasan
- Department of Molecular Phytomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Mw Grundler
- Department of Molecular Phytomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Edward E Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Parmar V, Nair NS, Vanamali V, Hawaldar RW, Siddique S, Shet T, Desai SB, Rangarajan V, Patil A, Gupta S, Badwe RA. Abstract P3-03-03: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) vs Low axillary sampling (LAS) in predicting nodal status of post-chemotherapy axilla in women with breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-03-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
There is no safe method of avoiding complete axillary lymph node dissection in women with breast cancer after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has had prohibitively high false negative rate. We tested low axillary sampling (LAS) and SNB performed in same patient to predict axillary lymph node status in clinically node negative women undergoing breast conservation or modified radical mastectomy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.
Methodology
Post neo-adjuvant chemotherapy 751 women who had no palpable axillary lymph node underwent LAS (all lymph nodes below intercosto-brachial nerve). Of these 751 women, 730 also underwent SNB by dual technique after injection of blue dye as well as radio-isotope. SN was identified within and outside axillary sampling specimen. SN as well as LAS specimens were distinctly examined for nodal metastasis. The rest of the axillary dissection was completed in all patients. Post NACT 292/751(38.9%) had residual positive lymph nodes on pathology. The identification rate, false negative rate (FNR), and negative predictive value (NPV) of SNB and LAS were compared for predicting negative axillary lymph node status.
Results
The median clinical tumor size was 5cm (1-15cm) and 533(71%) patients were N1 or N2 at presentation. The SNB identification rate was 87.1% (636 of 730), with a median of 5 nodes and node positive in 238 of 636 (37.4%). LAS identification rate was 98% (736 of 751), with a median of 7 nodes and node positive in 292 of 736 (39.6%). In all but one case, the SN was found within the LAS specimen. The FNR of SNB (blue, hot and adjacent palpable nodes) was 19.7% (47 of 238, one sided 95% upper CI 24.0) compared to LAS with FNR of 9.9% (29 of 292, one-sided 95% upper CI 12.8) (p<0.001). Comparative NPV for SNB and LAS were 89.4% and 93.9% respectively. If SNB was confined to blue/hot node excluding adjacent palpable nodes, FNR was 31.6% (74 of 234, 95% upper CI 36.6).
Conclusions
LAS is superior to SNB in identification rate, FNR and NPV in predicting node negative axilla post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. LAS can be safely used to predict negative axilla with less than 10% chance of leaving residual disease.
Citation Format: Parmar V, Nair NS, Vanamali V, Hawaldar RW, Siddique S, Shet T, Desai SB, Rangarajan V, Patil A, Gupta S, Badwe RA. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) vs Low axillary sampling (LAS) in predicting nodal status of post-chemotherapy axilla in women with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-03-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Parmar
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - NS Nair
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Vanamali
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - RW Hawaldar
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Siddique
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T Shet
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - SB Desai
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Rangarajan
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Patil
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Gupta
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - RA Badwe
- Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Siddique S, Grundler FM. Parasitic nematodes manipulate plant development to establish feeding sites. Curr Opin Microbiol 2018; 46:102-108. [PMID: 30326406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyst and root-knot nematodes, the two economically most important groups of plant parasitic nematodes, induce neoplastic feeding sites in the roots of their host plants. The formation of feeding sites is accompanied by large-scale transcriptomic, metabolomic, and structural changes in host plants. However, the mechanisms that lead to such remarkable changes have remained poorly understood until recently. Now, genomic and genetic analyses have greatly enhanced our understanding of all aspects of plant-nematode interaction. Here, we review some of the recent advances in understanding cyst and root-knot nematode parasitism. In particular, we highlight new findings on the role of plant hormones and small RNAs in nematode feeding site formation and function. Finally, we touch on our emerging understanding of the function of nematode-associated secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Siddique
- Molecular Phytomedicine, INRES, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Mw Grundler
- Molecular Phytomedicine, INRES, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. grundler@uni.-bonn.de
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33
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Muzammil S, Shrestha A, Dadshani S, Pillen K, Siddique S, Léon J, Naz AA. An Ancestral Allele of Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase1 Promotes Proline Accumulation and Drought Adaptation in Cultivated Barley. Plant Physiol 2018; 178:771-782. [PMID: 30131422 PMCID: PMC6181029 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a critical threat to global crop production. Here, we used the natural diversity of barley (Hordeum vulgare) to dissect the genetic control of proline (Pro) mediated drought stress adaptation. Genetic mapping and positional cloning of a major drought-inducible quantitative trait locus (QPro.S42-1H) revealed unique allelic variation in pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5cs1) between the cultivated cultivar Scarlett (ssp. vulgare) and the wild barley accession ISR42-8 (ssp. spontaneum). The putative causative mutations were located in the promoter of P5cs1 across the DNA binding motifs for abscisic acid-responsive element binding transcription factors. Introgression line (IL) S42IL-143 carrying the wild allele of P5cs1 showed significant up-regulation of P5cs1 expression compared to Scarlett, which was consistent with variation in Pro accumulation under drought. Next, we transiently expressed promoter::reporter constructs of ISR42-8 and Scarlett alleles in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mesophyll protoplasts. GUS expression analysis showed a significantly higher activation of the ISR42-8 promoter compared to Scarlett upon abscisic acid treatment. Notably, the ISR42-8 promoter activity was impaired in protoplasts isolated from the loss-of-function abf1abf2abf3abf4 quadruple mutant. A series of phenotypic evaluations demonstrated that S42IL-143 maintained leaf water content and photosynthetic activity longer than Scarlett under drought. These findings suggest that the ancestral variant of P5cs1 has the potential for drought tolerance and understanding drought physiology of barley and related crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Muzammil
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Asis Shrestha
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Said Dadshani
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Molecular Phytomedicine, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali Ahmad Naz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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34
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Appleyard S, McInerney S, Siddique S, Manetta C. Neutropenic Sepsis Early Discharge Pathway: Design, Implementation and Sustainability. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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35
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Anwer MA, Anjam MS, Shah SJ, Hasan MS, Naz AA, Grundler FMW, Siddique S. Genome-wide association study uncovers a novel QTL allele of AtS40-3 that affects the sex ratio of cyst nematodes in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:1805-1814. [PMID: 29378065 PMCID: PMC5889006 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes are obligate sedentary parasites that infect the roots of a broad range of host plants. Cyst nematodes are sexually dimorphic, but differentiation into male or female is strongly influenced by interactions with the host environment. Female populations typically predominate under favorable conditions, whereas male populations predominate under adverse conditions. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in an Arabidopsis diversity panel to identify host loci underlying variation in susceptibility to cyst nematode infection. Three different susceptibility parameters were examined, with the aim of providing insights into the infection process, the number of females and males present in the infected plant, and the female-to-male sex ratio. GWAS results suggested that variation in sex ratio is associated with a novel quantitative trait locus allele on chromosome 4. Subsequent candidate genes and functional analyses revealed that a senescence-associated transcription factor, AtS40-3, and PPR may act in combination to influence nematode sex ratio. A detailed molecular characterization revealed that variation in nematode sex ratio was due to the disturbed common promoter of AtS40-3 and PPR genes. Additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding sequence of AtS40-3 might contribute to the natural variation in nematode sex ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Anwer
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Anjam
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syed Jehangir Shah
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Shamim Hasan
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali A Naz
- Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße, Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Radakovic ZS, Anjam MS, Escobar E, Chopra D, Cabrera J, Silva AC, Escobar C, Sobczak M, Grundler FMW, Siddique S. Arabidopsis HIPP27 is a host susceptibility gene for the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:1917-1928. [PMID: 29470862 PMCID: PMC6638061 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary plant-parasitic cyst nematodes are obligate biotrophs that infect the roots of their host plant. Their parasitism is based on the modification of root cells to form a hypermetabolic syncytium from which the nematodes draw their nutrients. The aim of this study was to identify nematode susceptibility genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and to characterize their roles in supporting the parasitism of Heterodera schachtii. By selecting genes that were most strongly upregulated in response to cyst nematode infection, we identified HIPP27 (HEAVY METAL-ASSOCIATED ISOPRENYLATED PLANT PROTEIN 27) as a host susceptibility factor required for beet cyst nematode infection and development. Detailed expression analysis revealed that HIPP27 is a cytoplasmic protein and that HIPP27 is strongly expressed in leaves, young roots and nematode-induced syncytia. Loss-of-function Arabidopsis hipp27 mutants exhibited severely reduced susceptibility to H. schachtii and abnormal starch accumulation in syncytial and peridermal plastids. Our results suggest that HIPP27 is a susceptibility gene in Arabidopsis whose loss of function reduces plant susceptibility to cyst nematode infection without increasing the susceptibility to other pathogens or negatively affecting the plant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran S. Radakovic
- INRES–Molecular PhytomedicineRheinische‐Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of BonnD‐53115 BonnGermany
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Anjam
- INRES–Molecular PhytomedicineRheinische‐Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of BonnD‐53115 BonnGermany
| | - Elizabeth Escobar
- INRES–Molecular PhytomedicineRheinische‐Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of BonnD‐53115 BonnGermany
| | - Divykriti Chopra
- INRES–Molecular PhytomedicineRheinische‐Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of BonnD‐53115 BonnGermany
| | - Javier Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y BioquímicaUniversidad de Castilla‐La Mancha, Área de Fisiología VegetalAvda, Carlos III, s/n, 45071 ToledoSpain
| | - Ana Cláudia Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y BioquímicaUniversidad de Castilla‐La Mancha, Área de Fisiología VegetalAvda, Carlos III, s/n, 45071 ToledoSpain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y BioquímicaUniversidad de Castilla‐La Mancha, Área de Fisiología VegetalAvda, Carlos III, s/n, 45071 ToledoSpain
| | - Miroslaw Sobczak
- Department of BotanyWarsaw University of Life SciencesPL‐02787 WarsawPoland
| | - Florian M. W. Grundler
- INRES–Molecular PhytomedicineRheinische‐Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of BonnD‐53115 BonnGermany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- INRES–Molecular PhytomedicineRheinische‐Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐University of BonnD‐53115 BonnGermany
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Cetin Gedik K, Siddique S, Aguiar CL. Rituximab use in pediatric lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome - report of three cases and review of the literature. Lupus 2018; 27:1190-1197. [PMID: 29320972 DOI: 10.1177/0961203317751853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LA-HPS) is a rare condition that may predispose both to thrombosis and bleeding due to positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) and factor II (FII) deficiency. It can be seen in association with infections or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may require glucocorticoids (GCs) and/or immunosuppressive medications. Pediatric LA-HPS cases in the literature and three cases that received only rituximab (RTX) for LA-HPS (in addition to GCs) at two institutions between January 2010 and June 2017 were analyzed descriptively. Pediatric LA-HPS cases (≤18 years) with bleeding or thrombotic events were included. Information obtained included demographics, presenting symptoms, diagnoses, treatments, pre-/post-treatment prothrombin time (PT)/partial thromboplastin time (PTT)/LA/FII levels, and outcomes. In addition to three LA-HPS cases identified at our institutions, as of June 2017, 37 articles reported 54 pediatric LA-HPS cases (mean age: 8 years (0.9-17 years); female/male: (2:1); viral illness 27 (50%), SLE 20 (37%), and other six (11%)). All cases had a positive LA and FII deficiency (range: 0%-40%). All cases presented with bleeding diathesis and were treated with various regimens, but there was no reported use of RTX. The purpose of this report is to describe the novel use of RTX as a steroid-sparing agent in three pediatric SLE cases and to systematically review the literature on pediatric cases of LA-HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cetin Gedik
- 1 Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, 25050 Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center , Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - S Siddique
- 2 Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, 25062 Hospital for Special Surgery -Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C L Aguiar
- 3 Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, 20666 Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters , Norfolk, VA, USA
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Pariyar SR, Nakarmi J, Anwer MA, Siddique S, Ilyas M, Elashry A, Dababat AA, Leon J, Grundler FM. Amino acid permease 6 modulates host response to cyst nematodes in wheat and Arabidopsis. NEMATOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Cyst nematodes are plant parasites that cause significant crop loss in wheat and other crops. Infective juveniles invade roots and induce syncytial feeding structures as the only source of nutrients throughout their life. A previous genome-wide association study in wheat identified amino acid permease 6 (TaAAP6) to be linked to susceptibility to the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi. To characterise the role of AAP6 during nematode parasitism, we analysed the expression of TaAAP6 and the Arabidopsis orthologue AtAAP6. TaAAP6 was found to be highly expressed in nematode-infected roots of susceptible wheat, whereas it was not upregulated in nematode-infected roots of resistant accessions. AtAAP6 was also found to be highly upregulated in nematode-induced syncytia compared with non-infected roots. Infection assays with an AtAAP6 knock-out mutant revealed reduction in developing females, female size, and size of female-associated syncytia, thus indicating the importance of AAP6 in cyst nematode parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree R. Pariyar
- 1Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jenish Nakarmi
- 1Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Arslan Anwer
- 1Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- 1Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- 1Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Abdelnaser Elashry
- 1Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Abdelfattah A. Dababat
- 2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jens Leon
- 3Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg 5, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian M.W. Grundler
- 1Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Shah SJ, Anjam MS, Mendy B, Anwer MA, Habash SS, Lozano-Torres JL, Grundler FMW, Siddique S. Damage-associated responses of the host contribute to defence against cyst nematodes but not root-knot nematodes. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:5949-5960. [PMID: 29053864 PMCID: PMC5854129 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
When nematodes invade and subsequently migrate within plant roots, they generate cell wall fragments (in the form of oligogalacturonides; OGs) that can act as damage-associated molecular patterns and activate host defence responses. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating damage responses in plant-nematode interactions remain unexplored. Here, we characterized the role of a group of cell wall receptor proteins in Arabidopsis, designated as polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs), during infection with the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. PGIPs are encoded by a family of two genes in Arabidopsis, and are involved in the formation of active OG elicitors. Our results show that PGIP gene expression is strongly induced in response to cyst nematode invasion of roots. Analyses of loss-of-function mutants and overexpression lines revealed that PGIP1 expression attenuates infection of host roots by cyst nematodes, but not root-knot nematodes. The PGIP1-mediated attenuation of cyst nematode infection involves the activation of plant camalexin and indole-glucosinolate pathways. These combined results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant damage perception and response pathways during infection by cyst and root-knot nematodes, and establishes the function of PGIP in plant resistance to cyst nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jehangir Shah
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Anjam
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Badou Mendy
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Muhammad Arslan Anwer
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Samer S Habash
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | | | - Florian M W Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Habash SS, Sobczak M, Siddique S, Voigt B, Elashry A, Grundler FMW. Identification and characterization of a putative protein disulfide isomerase (HsPDI) as an alleged effector of Heterodera schachtii. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13536. [PMID: 29051538 PMCID: PMC5648851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii is an obligate biotroph that induces syncytial feeding sites in roots of its hosts. Nematodes produce effectors that are secreted into the host and facilitate infection process. Here we identified H. schachtii protein disulphide isomerase (HsPDI) as a putative effector that interferes with the host’s redox status. In situ hybridization showed that HsPdi is specifically localized within esophageal glands of pre-parasitic second stage juveniles (J2). HsPdi is up-regulated in the early parasitic J2s. Silencing of HsPdi by RNA interference in the J2s hampers their development and leads to structural malfunctions in associated feeding sites induced in Arabidopsis roots. Expression of HsPDI in Arabidopsis increases plant’s susceptibility towards H. schachtii. HsPdi expression is up-regulated in the presence of exogenous H2O2, whereas HsPdi silencing results in increased mortality under H2O2 stress. Stable expression of HsPDI in Arabidopsis plants decreases ROS burst induced by flg22. Transiently expressed HsPDI in N. benthamiana leaves is localized in the apoplast. HsPDI plays an important role in the interaction between nematode and plant, probably through inducing local changes in the redox status of infected host tissue. It also contributes to protect the nematode from exogenous H2O2 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer S Habash
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, PL-02787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Boris Voigt
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Abdelnaser Elashry
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.,Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Hauptstraße 1, 38387, Söllingen, Germany
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Dowd CD, Chronis D, Radakovic ZS, Siddique S, Schmülling T, Werner T, Kakimoto T, Grundler FMW, Mitchum MG. Divergent expression of cytokinin biosynthesis, signaling and catabolism genes underlying differences in feeding sites induced by cyst and root-knot nematodes. Plant J 2017; 92:211-228. [PMID: 28746737 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyst and root-knot nematodes are obligate parasites of economic importance with a remarkable ability to reprogram root cells into unique metabolically active feeding sites. Previous studies have suggested a role for cytokinin in feeding site formation induced by these two types of nematodes, but the mechanistic details have not yet been described. Using Arabidopsis as a host plant species, we conducted a comparative analysis of cytokinin genes in response to the beet cyst nematode (BCN), Heterodera schachtii, and the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita. We identified distinct differences in the expression of cytokinin biosynthesis, catabolism and signaling genes in response to infection by BCN and RKN, suggesting differential manipulation of the cytokinin pathway by these two nematode species. Furthermore, we evaluated Arabidopsis histidine kinase receptor mutant lines ahk2/3, ahk2/4 and ahk3/4 in response to RKN infection. Similar to our previous studies with BCN, these lines were significantly less susceptible to RKN without compromising nematode penetration, suggesting a requirement of cytokinin signaling in RKN feeding site formation. Moreover, an analysis of ahk double mutants using CycB1;1:GUS/ahk introgressed lines revealed contrasting differences in the cytokinin receptors mediating cell cycle activation in feeding sites induced by BCN and RKN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola D Dowd
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Demosthenis Chronis
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zoran S Radakovic
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomáš Werner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tatsuo Kakimoto
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melissa G Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Hussain R, Afzal M, Joshi S, Dardis R, Siddique S, Beltechi R, Amit A, El-Maghraby H, Saxena A, Shad A. Factors affecting the survival following surgical treatment of chronic subdural haematoma: Single institutional experience. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 44:75-79. [PMID: 28687445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most commonly treated condition in neurosurgery. It affects elderly populations who often have significant medical co-morbidities resulting in poor prognosis. The study aimed at identifying clinical factors influencing the survival following surgical management of CSDH. METHODS Retrospective study included 267 cases that underwent surgery for CSDH and followed over 5-year period (2010-2015); data retrieved with reference to operation details, radiology reports and discharge. Using logistic and Cox regression analysis, the patient survival data was analysed with respect to patient demographics, type of surgery, co-morbidities, anticoagulation treatment, and discharge destination. RESULTS The overall survival in the cohort was 37.0months (IQR: 20.0-60.0). The median age of the patients was 76years (IQR: 66-82) and the median length of hospital stay was 10days (range 1-126days; IQR: 6-17days). The recurrence rate was 6.37% (n=17). Fifty-three (19.85%) patients recorded deceased on the IPM database as of October 2016 and of those 11 died in hospital. Univariate Cox-regression analysis revealed increased age (HR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.04-3.11), length of hospital stay (HR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.41-4.41) and number of co-morbidities (HR: 2.19; 95%CI: 1.26-3.79) were associated with poor prognosis. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at discharge was found to be significantly associated with survival whilst anticoagulation treatment did not. Multivariate analysis confirmed similar findings significant statistically. CONCLUSION Age at admission, median length of hospital stay, number of co-morbidities, GCS at discharge and discharge destination have been found to influence survival significant statistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Mohammed Afzal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Shabin Joshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ronan Dardis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Radu Beltechi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Amit Amit
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Hussein El-Maghraby
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Amar Saxena
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Amjad Shad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Pariyar SR, Dababat AA, Sannemann W, Erginbas-Orakci G, Elashry A, Siddique S, Morgounov A, Leon J, Grundler FMW. Genome-Wide Association Study in Wheat Identifies Resistance to the Cereal Cyst Nematode Heterodera filipjevi. Phytopathology 2016; 106:1128-1138. [PMID: 27552283 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-16-0054-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi is a plant parasite causing substantial yield loss in wheat. Resistant cultivars are the preferred method of controlling cyst nematodes. Association mapping is a powerful approach to detect associations between phenotypic variation and genetic polymorphisms; in this way favorable traits such as resistance to pathogens can be located. Therefore, a genome-wide association study of 161 winter wheat accessions was performed with a 90K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Population structure analysis grouped into two major subgroups and first principal component accounted 6.16% for phenotypic diversity. The genome-wide linkage disequilibrium across wheat was 3 cM. Eleven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1AL, 2AS, 2BL, 3AL, 3BL, 4AS, 4AL, 5BL, and 7BL were identified using a mixed linear model false discovery rate of P < 0.01 that explained 43% of total genetic variation. This is the first report of QTLs conferring resistance to H. filipjevi in wheat. Eight QTLs on chromosomes 1AL, 2AS, 2BL, 3AL, 4AL, and 5BL were linked to putative genes known to be involved in plant-pathogen interactions. Two other QTLs on 3BL and one QTL on 7BL linked to putative genes known to be involved in abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree R Pariyar
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah A Dababat
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Wiebke Sannemann
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Gul Erginbas-Orakci
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Abdelnaser Elashry
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Shahid Siddique
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Alexei Morgounov
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Jens Leon
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- First, fifth, sixth, and ninth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; second, fourth, and seventh authors: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), P.K. 39 06511, Emek, Ankara, Turkey; third and eighth authors: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Breeding, Katzenburgweg; and fifth author: Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), 9 Gama Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Rubenacker S, Burnett TL, Roy S, Groesch K, Garza-Cavazos A, Abrams R, Siddique S. Deep Epigastric Vessel Location in the Gravid Abdomen. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016; 22:S206-S207. [PMID: 27679049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Rubenacker
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - T L Burnett
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - S Roy
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - K Groesch
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Clinical Research, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - A Garza-Cavazos
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - R Abrams
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - S Siddique
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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Burnett TL, Garza-Cavazos A, Groesch K, Robbs R, Diaz-Sylvester P, Siddique S. Superior and Inferior Epigastric Vessel Location in the Resting and Insufflated Abdomen. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016; 22:S205. [PMID: 27679046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Burnett
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - A Garza-Cavazos
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - K Groesch
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Clinical Research, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - R Robbs
- Center for Clinical Research, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - P Diaz-Sylvester
- Center for Clinical Research, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
| | - S Siddique
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, SIU School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois
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Yasmeen S, Aktar N, Azim E, Siddique S, Shah SM, Chaklader MA, Khatun S, Debnath RC, Rahman MM, Bari MN. Iron Polymaltose Complex in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy. Mymensingh Med J 2016; 25:506-513. [PMID: 27612899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia is a major public health problem in pregnancy. About 58% of pregnant women in developed countries are anaemic mainly due to iron deficiency resulting a serious negative consequences on children, mothers and eventually on the nation. This quasi-experimental multi centered study (Before after study) was done to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Iron Polymaltose Complex (IPC) in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia and it was performed at the OPD of Bangladesh Medical College and two other clinics of Dhaka city from August 2011 to September 2013. A total of 80 (eighty) subjects were selected by purposive sampling as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were treated by Iron Polymaltose-IPC [47mg elemental iron + Folic Acid 0.5mg + Zinc 22.5mg - Once daily orally for 12 weeks]. At the beginning and after 12 weeks of intervention by Iron Polymaltose Complex (IPC) Hb%, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Serum iron, and Serum ferritin were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13.0. Paired and unpaired 't' test was used to analyze differences within groups and between groups. Chi-square test was done to analyze primary efficacy parameters and adverse drug reactions (ADR). Most of the respondents were within the age group of 18-23 and 30-35 years (32.6% each). Significant differences were found by treatment with IPC for 12 weeks in Hb%, PCV, MCV, MCH, Serum iron, and Serum ferritin level. In iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy IPC may be used as a safe and cost-effective therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yasmeen
- Professor Sharmeen Yasmeen, Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Bangladesh Medical College (BMC), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail: sharmeenbmc@ yahoo.com
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Abstract
Most plant-parasitic nematodes are obligate biotrophs feeding on the roots of their hosts. Whereas ectoparasites remain on the root surface and feed on the outer cell layers, endoparasitic nematodes enter the host to parasitize cells around or within the central cylinder. Nematode invasion and feeding causes tissue damage which may, in turn, lead to the activation of host basal defence responses. Hitherto, research interests in plant-nematode interaction have emphasized effector-triggered immunity rather than basal plant defence responses. However, some recent investigations suggest that basal defence pathways are not only activated but also play an important role in determining interaction outcomes. In this review we discuss the major findings and point out future directions to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying plant basal defence to nematodes further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Holbein
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Nnadi DC, Singh S, Ahmed Y, Siddique S, Bilal S. Maternal and fetal outcomes following cesarean deliveries: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary health institution in North-Western Nigeria. Sahel Med J 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1118-8561.196355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pariyar SR, Dababat AA, Siddique S, Erginbas-Orakci G, Elashry A, Morgounov A, Grundler FM. Identification and characterisation of resistance to the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi in winter wheat. NEMATOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to search for new sources of resistance against the cereal cyst nematode,Heterodera filipjevi, in a collection of 290 wheat accessions. The plants were inoculated with juveniles and assessed for the number of females and cysts. One percent of the wheat accessions were ranked as resistant, 16% as moderately resistant, 41% as moderately susceptible, 26% as susceptible and 15% as highly susceptible. The infection rate and the number of females and cysts per plant were significantly lower in the resistant accession Nudakota and three moderately resistant accessions Ekonomka, Katea and Lantian 12 compared with susceptible cv. Bezostaya 1. Nematode development was reduced in resistant and moderately resistant accessions. The size of females and the total number of eggs and second-stage juveniles were reduced only in Ekonomka. No significant difference in plant height, plant weight, root length, root weight and root volume were recorded for inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants. This study has identified four resistant wheat accessions offering new material for breeding the resistance toH. filipjevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree R. Pariyar
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Abdelfattah A. Dababat
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), 39 06511 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gul Erginbas-Orakci
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), 39 06511 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdelnaser Elashry
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGER), 9 Gamaa Street, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Alexei Morgounov
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), 39 06511 Emek, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Florian M.W. Grundler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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