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Regulation of rheumatoid arthritis microenvironment via a self-healing injectable hydrogel for improved inflammation elimination and bone repair. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:287-300. [PMID: 38496033 PMCID: PMC10940865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The rheumatoid arthritis (RA) microenvironment is often followed by a vicious circle of high inflammation, endogenous gas levels imbalance, and poor treatment. To break the circle, we develop a dual-gas-mediated injectable hydrogel for modulating the immune microenvironment of RA and simultaneously releasing therapeutic drugs. The hydrogel (DNRS gel) could be broken down on-demand by consuming excessive nitric oxide (NO) and releasing therapeutic hydrogen sulfide (H2S), resulting in endogenous gas restoration, inflammation alleviation, and macrophage polarization to M2 type. Additionally, the hydrogel could suppress osteoclastogenesis and enhance osteogenesis. Furthermore, the intra-articularly injected hydrogel with methotrexate (MTX/DNRS gel) significantly alleviated inflammation and clinical symptoms and promoted the repair of bone erosion in the collagen-induced arthritis rat model. As a result, in vivo results demonstrated that MTX/DNRS gel restored the microenvironment and improved the therapeutic effect of MTX. This study provides a novel understanding of developing versatile smart delivery platforms for RA treatment.
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Deep Augmented Metric Learning Network for Prostate Cancer Classification in Ultrasound Images. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; PP:1-12. [PMID: 38700973 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2024.3396424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer screening often relies on cost-intensive MRIs and invasive needle biopsies. Transrectal ultrasound imaging, as a more affordable and non-invasive alternative, faces the challenge of high inter-class similarity and intra-class variability between benign and malignant prostate cancers. This complexity requires more stringent differentiation of subtle features for accurate auxiliary diagnosis. In response, we introduce the novel Deep Augmented Metric Learning (DAML) network, specifically tailored for ultrasound-based prostate cancer classification. The DAML network represents a significant innovation in the metric learning space, introducing the Semantic Differences Mining Strategy (SDMS) to effectively discern and represent subtle differences in prostate ultrasound images, thereby enhancing tumor classification accuracy. Additionally, the DAML network strategically addresses class variability and limited sample sizes by combining the Linear Interpolation Augmentation Strategy (LIAS) and Permutation-Aided Reconstruction Loss (PARL). This approach enriches feature representation and introduces variability with straightforward structures, mirroring the efficacy of advanced sample generation techniques. We carried out comprehensive empirical assessments of the DAML model by testing its key components against a range of models, ensuring its effectiveness. Our results demonstrate the enhanced performance of the DAML model, achieving classification accuracies of 0.857 and 0.888 for benign and malignant cancers, respectively, underscoring its effectiveness in prostate cancer classification via medical imaging.
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Letter to the editor on "Acupuncture modification treatment for female sexual dysfunction: Ameta-analysis". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 296:376-377. [PMID: 38494393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
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Clustering of gout-related comorbidities and their relationship with gout flares: a data-driven cluster analysis of eight comorbidities. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1119-1128. [PMID: 37906371 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the aggregation of multiple comorbidities in people with gout and explore differences in prognosis of gout flares among different subgroups. METHODS Hierarchical clustering was performed to identify homogeneous subgroups among 2639 people with gout using eight comorbidities. A one-year follow-up of acute gout flares in 463 of these people was conducted; the incidence and the timing of gout flares in each cluster were assessed to explore prognosis of gout flares. Binary logistic regression was applied to assess factors associated with gout flares. RESULTS In baseline study, we identified five subgroups (C1-C5). C1 (n = 671, 25%) was characterized by isolated gout with few comorbidities. C2 (n = 258, 10%) were all obese. Almost all people in C3 (n = 335, 13%) had diabetes (99.7%). All people in C4 (n = 938, 36%) had dyslipidemia. C5 (n = 437, 17%) had the highest proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD, 53%), chronic kidney disease (CKD, 56%), and cancer (7%). In follow-up study, C5 had the highest incidence (71.9%) and earliest onset (median 3 months) of gout flares. C2 had the lowest incidence (52.1%) and the latest onset (median 10 months) of gout flares. The highest relative risk for gout recurrent was seen for C5 (OR = 2.09). Other factors associated with the risk of gout flares were age at diagnosis of gout, duration of gout, presence of tophi, and smoking ≥ 20 cigarettes/day. CONCLUSIONS We clustered people with gout into five groups with varying comorbidities. People with CVD, CKD, and cancer had the highest risk of gout flares and should receive comprehensive care.
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Burden and trend of dietary risk-related colorectal cancer in China and its provinces: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Public Health 2024; 230:21-28. [PMID: 38484622 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the spatial pattern and temporal trend of colorectal cancer (CRC) burden attributed to dietary risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2019. METHODS Numbers and age-standardised rates of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and corresponding average annual percentage change (AAPC) were determined. The joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the temporal trends of CRC deaths and DALYs from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS In China, the number of diet-attributable CRC deaths and DALYs in 2019 were 90.41 (95% uncertainty interval: 65.69, 114.67) and 2234.06 (1609.96, 2831.24) per-1000 population, marking 2.05% and 1.68% annual increases since 1990, respectively. The region with the highest increase in age-standardised rates (ASRs) of diet-related CRC deaths and DALYs was in Taiwan with an AAPC of 2.00% (1.51, 2.48), whereas the highest decline in ASRs of CRC deaths and DALYs was observed in Hong Kong with an AAPC of -0.63% (-0.90, -0.35) (all P < 0.05). Nationally, men suffered higher CRC deaths and DALY burdens attributable to dietary risks than did women. Regarding the specific diet group, diets low in calcium, milk, and whole grains contributed to CRC deaths and DALYs the most. CONCLUSIONS Diet is an important contributor to increasing CRC burden in China. Necessary measures should be taken to kerb the growing burden attributed to dietary factors, particularly in males and in regions with middle Socio-demographic Index or lower.
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Molecular and immune characterization of Chinese early-stage non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-omics cohort study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:763-784. [PMID: 38736486 PMCID: PMC11082711 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Albeit considered with superior survival, around 30% of the early-stage non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (Ns-NSCLC) patients relapse within 5 years, suggesting unique biology. However, the biological characteristics of early-stage Ns-NSCLC, especially in the Chinese population, are still unclear. Methods Multi-omics interrogation of early-stage Ns-NSCLC (stage I-III), paired blood samples and normal lung tissues (n=76) by whole-exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing, and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing were conducted. Results An average of 128 exonic mutations were identified, and the most frequently mutant gene was EGFR (55%), followed by TP53 (37%) and TTN (26%). Mutations in MUC17, ABCA2, PDE4DIP, and MYO18B predicted significantly unfavorable disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, cytobands amplifications in 8q24.3, 14q13.1, 14q11.2, and deletion in 3p21.1 were highlighted in recurrent cases. Higher incidence of human leukocyte antigen loss of heterozygosity (HLA-LOH), higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) were identified in ever-smokers than never-smokers. HLA-LOH also correlated with higher TMB, TNB, intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), and whole chromosomal instability (wCIN) scores. Interestingly, higher ITH was an independent predictor of better DFS in early-stage Ns-NSCLC. Up-regulation of immune-related genes, including CRABP2, ULBP2, IL31RA, and IL1A, independently portended a dismal prognosis. Enhanced TCR diversity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) predicted better prognosis, indicative of a noninvasive method for relapse surveillance. Eventually, seven machine-learning (ML) algorithms were employed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of clinical, genomic, transcriptomic, and TCR repertoire data on DFS, showing that clinical and RNA features combination in the random forest (RF) algorithm, with area under the curve (AUC) of 97.5% and 83.3% in the training and testing cohort, respectively, significantly outperformed other methods. Conclusions This study comprehensively profiled the genomic, transcriptomic, and TCR repertoire spectrums of Chinese early-stage Ns-NSCLC, shedding light on biological underpinnings and candidate biomarkers for prognosis development.
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A pair of twins with multicystic dysplastic kidney and hydrocephalus caused by a novel homozygous mutation in SPATA33 and CDK10. QJM 2024; 117:302-303. [PMID: 38180891 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
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Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma: A prospective study. Oral Oncol 2024; 151:106747. [PMID: 38460288 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
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Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma: institutional experience of 42 cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:268-274. [PMID: 37591716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Myoepithelial carcinoma (MECA) is a rare type of carcinoma for which the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors have not yet been fully clarified. A retrospective study of 42 patients diagnosed with salivary gland MECA was performed, focusing on the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors. Of the 42 patients, 20 died of cancer, 20 lived without tumour, one lived with distant metastasis, and one was lost to follow-up. Overall, 69.0% had tumour recurrence, 16.7% had cervical nodal metastasis, and 21.4% had distant metastasis. The 5-year overall survival rate was 70.2%. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with pathological positive lymph nodes (pN+), multiple recurrences of tumour, and higher histological grade had worse overall survival. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated pN+ and higher histological grade to be independent predictors of decreased survival. The 5-year overall survival rate in the pN0 group was 87.5%, while that in the pN+ group was 28.6%. In conclusion, myoepithelial carcinoma can be defined as a tumour with a high incidence of recurrence and poor prognosis, especially in pN+ patients. Pathological positive lymph nodes and histological grade may serve as predictors of survival.
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Amplitude Analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} Decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:131801. [PMID: 38613276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
An amplitude analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. For the first time, the coefficients associated to short-distance physics effects, sensitive to processes beyond the standard model, are extracted directly from the data through a q^{2}-unbinned amplitude analysis, where q^{2} is the μ^{+}μ^{-} invariant mass squared. Long-distance contributions, which originate from nonfactorizable QCD processes, are systematically investigated, and the most accurate assessment to date of their impact on the physical observables is obtained. The pattern of measured corrections to the short-distance couplings is found to be consistent with previous analyses of b- to s-quark transitions, with the largest discrepancy from the standard model predictions found to be at the level of 1.8 standard deviations. The global significance of the observed differences in the decay is 1.4 standard deviations.
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MetagenomicKG: a knowledge graph for metagenomic applications. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.585056. [PMID: 38559251 PMCID: PMC10980061 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Motivation The sheer volume and variety of genomic content within microbial communities makes metagenomics a field rich in biomedical knowledge. To traverse these complex communities and their vast unknowns, metagenomic studies often depend on distinct reference databases, such as the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC), for various analytical purposes. These databases are crucial for genetic and functional annotation of microbial communities. Nevertheless, the inconsistent nomenclature or identifiers of these databases present challenges for effective integration, representation, and utilization. Knowledge graphs (KGs) offer an appropriate solution by organizing biological entities and their interrelations into a cohesive network. The graph structure not only facilitates the unveiling of hidden patterns but also enriches our biological understanding with deeper insights. Despite KGs having shown potential in various biomedical fields, their application in metagenomics remains underexplored. Results We present MetagenomicKG, a novel knowledge graph specifically tailored for metagenomic analysis. MetagenomicKG integrates taxonomic, functional, and pathogenesis-related information from widely used databases, and further links these with established biomedical knowledge graphs to expand biological connections. Through several use cases, we demonstrate its utility in enabling hypothesis generation regarding the relationships between microbes and diseases, generating sample-specific graph embeddings, and providing robust pathogen prediction. Availability and Implementation The source code and technical details for constructing the MetagenomicKG and reproducing all analyses are available at Github: https://github.com/KoslickiLab/MetagenomicKG. We also host a Neo4j instance: http://mkg.cse.psu.edu:7474 for accessing and querying this graph.
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Fraction of χ_{c} Decays in Prompt J/ψ Production Measured in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:102302. [PMID: 38518337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The fraction of χ_{c1} and χ_{c2} decays in the prompt J/ψ yield, F_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}=σ_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV. The study covers the forward (1.5
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Tunable molecular editing of indoles with fluoroalkyl carbenes. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01468-2. [PMID: 38443494 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Building molecular complexity from simple feedstocks through precise peripheral and skeletal modifications is central to modern organic synthesis. Nevertheless, a controllable strategy through which both the core skeleton and the periphery of an aromatic heterocycle can be modified with a common substrate remains elusive, despite its potential to maximize structural diversity and applications. Here we report a carbene-initiated chemodivergent molecular editing of indoles that allows both skeletal and peripheral editing by trapping an electrophilic fluoroalkyl carbene generated in situ from fluoroalkyl N-triftosylhydrazones. A variety of fluorine-containing N-heterocyclic scaffolds have been efficiently achieved through tunable chemoselective editing reactions at the skeleton or periphery of indoles, including one-carbon insertion, C3 gem-difluoroolefination, tandem cyclopropanation and N1 gem-difluoroolefination, and cyclopropanation. The power of this chemodivergent molecular editing strategy has been highlighted through the modification of the skeleton or periphery of natural products in a controllable and chemoselective manner. The reaction mechanism and origins of the chemo- and regioselectivity have been probed by both experimental and theoretical methods.
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Synergistic D-Amino Acids Based Antimicrobial Cocktails Formulated via High-Throughput Screening and Machine Learning. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307173. [PMID: 38126652 PMCID: PMC10916672 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from pathogenic bacterial biofilms has become a global health issue while developing novel antimicrobials is inefficient and costly. Combining existing multiple drugs with enhanced efficacy and/or reduced toxicity may be a promising approach to treat AMR. D-amino acids mixtures coupled with antibiotics can provide new therapies for drug-resistance infection with reduced toxicity by lower drug dosage requirements. However, iterative trial-and-error experiments are not tenable to prioritize credible drug formulations, owing to the extremely large number of possible combinations. Herein, a new avenue is provide to accelerate the exploration of desirable antimicrobial formulations via high-throughput screening and machine learning optimization. Such an intelligent method can navigate the large search space and rapidly identify the D-amino acid mixtures with the highest anti-biofilm efficiency and also the synergisms between D-amino acid mixtures and antibiotics. The optimized drug cocktails exhibit high antimicrobial efficacy while remaining non-toxic, which is demonstrated not only from in vitro assessments but also the first in vivo study using a lung infection mouse model.
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Observation of Cabibbo-Suppressed Two-Body Hadronic Decays and Precision Mass Measurement of the Ω_{c}^{0} Baryon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081802. [PMID: 38457722 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+} and Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector between 2016 and 2018. The branching fraction ratios are measured to be B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[6.08±0.51(stat)±0.40(syst)]%,B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[15.81±0.87(stat)±0.44(syst)±0.16(ext)]%. In addition, using the Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+} decay channel, the Ω_{c}^{0} baryon mass is measured to be M(Ω_{c}^{0})=2695.28±0.07(stat)±0.27(syst)±0.30(ext) MeV, improving the precision of the previous world average by a factor of 4.
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Enhanced Production of Λ_{b}^{0} Baryons in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:081901. [PMID: 38457697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.081901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The production rate of Λ_{b}^{0} baryons relative to B^{0} mesons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} production cross sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, and increases by a factor of ∼2 with increasing multiplicity. At relatively low transverse momentum, the ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} cross sections is higher than what is measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, but converges with the e^{+}e^{-} ratio as the momentum increases. These results imply that the evolution of heavy b quarks into final-state hadrons is influenced by the density of the hadronic environment produced in the collision. Comparisons with several models and implications for the mechanisms enforcing quark confinement are discussed.
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Hosing of a Long Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:075001. [PMID: 38427892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Experimental results show that hosing of a long particle bunch in plasma can be induced by wakefields driven by a short, misaligned preceding bunch. Hosing develops in the plane of misalignment, self-modulation in the perpendicular plane, at frequencies close to the plasma electron frequency, and are reproducible. Development of hosing depends on misalignment direction, its growth on misalignment extent and on proton bunch charge. Results have the main characteristics of a theoretical model, are relevant to other plasma-based accelerators and represent the first characterization of hosing.
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Unexpected partial RNA deletion by two different novel COL6A2 mutations leads to Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy. QJM 2024; 117:61-62. [PMID: 37738610 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
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Improved Measurement of CP Violation Parameters in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψK^{+}K^{-} Decays in the Vicinity of the ϕ(1020) Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:051802. [PMID: 38364143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The decay-time-dependent CP asymmetry in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K^{+}K^{-} decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 B_{s}^{0} signal decays with an invariant K^{+}K^{-} mass in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020) resonance, the CP-violating phase ϕ_{s} is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B_{s}^{0}-B[over ¯]_{s}^{0} system, ΔΓ_{s}, and the difference of the average B_{s}^{0} and B^{0} meson decay widths, Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}. The values obtained are ϕ_{s}=-0.039±0.022±0.006 rad, ΔΓ_{s}=0.0845±0.0044±0.0024 ps^{-1}, and Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}=-0.0056_{-0.0015}^{+0.0013}±0.0014 ps^{-1}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard Model and with the previous LHCb analyses of this decay. These results are combined with previous independent LHCb measurements. The phase ϕ_{s} is also measured independently for each polarization state of the K^{+}K^{-} system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.
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Titanium-based substrate modified with nanoenzyme for accelerating the repair of bone defect. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113737. [PMID: 38176336 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloy are the most common metal materials in clinical orthopedic surgery. However, in the initial stage of surgery and implantation, the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce oxidative stress (OS) microenvironment. OS will further inhibit the growth of new bone, resulting in surgical failure. In this study, based on the fact that nanoscale manganese dioxide (MnO2) can show H2O2-like enzyme activity, a MnO2 nanocoating was prepared on mciro-nano structured surface of Ti substrate via a two-step method of alkaline thermal and hydrothermal treatment. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the nano-MnO2 coating was successfully fabricated on the surface of Ti substrate. The results of measurement of H2O2, dissolved O2 and intracellular ROS in vitro showed that the treated Ti substrate could efficiently eliminate H2O2 and reduce ROS. Furthermore, the modified Ti substrate could promote the early adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which was demonstrated by experimental results of cell morphology, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase, collagen, and mineralization deposition. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of MSCs adhered the modified Ti substrate showed that the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation significantly increased. More importantly, the modified Ti implant could eliminate ROS at the injury site, reduce OS and promote the regeneration of bone tissue, which was demonstrated via hematoxylin/eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, the modified Ti implant presented here had the effect of reducing OS and promoting osseointegration. Relevant research ideas and results provide new methods for the research and development of functional implants, which have potential application value in the field of orthopedics.
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In vitro and In vivo evidence demonstrating chronic absence of Ref-1 Cysteine 65 impacts Ref-1 folding configuration, redox signaling, proliferation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102977. [PMID: 38056311 PMCID: PMC10749280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ref-1/APE1 (Redox Effector/Apurinic Endonuclease 1) is a multifunctional enzyme that serves as a redox factor for several transcription factors (TFs), e.g., NF-kB, HIF-1α, which in an oxidized state fail to bind DNA. Conversion of these TFs to a reduced state serves to regulate various biological responses such as cell growth, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. The redox activity involves a thiol exchange reaction for which Cys65 (C65) serves as the nucleophile. Using CRISPR editing in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, we changed C65 to Ala (C65A) in Ref-1 to evaluate alteration of Ref-1 redox dynamics as well as chronic loss of Ref-1 redox activity on cell signaling pathways, specifically those regulated by NF-kB and HIF-1α. The redox activity of Ref-1 requires partial unfolding to expose C65, which is buried in the folded structure. Labeling of Ref-1 with polyethylene glycol-maleimide (PEGm) provides a readout of reduced Cys residues in Ref-1 and thereby an assessment of partial unfolding in Ref-1. In comparing Ref-1WT vs Ref-1C65A cell lines, we found an altered distribution of oxidized versus reduced states of Ref-1. Accordingly, activation of NF-kB and HIF-1α in Ref-1C65A lines was significantly lower compared to Ref-1WT lines. The bioinformatic data revealed significant downregulation of metabolic pathways including OXPHOS in Ref-1C65A expressing clones compared to Ref-1WT line. Ref-1C65A also demonstrated reduced cell proliferation and use of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) substrates compared to Ref-1WT lines. A subcutaneous as well as PDAC orthotopic in vivo model demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor size, weight, and growth in the Ref-1C65A lines compared to the Ref-1WT lines. Moreover, mice implanted with Ref-1C65A redox deficient cells demonstrate significantly reduced metastatic burden to liver and lung compared to mice implanted with Ref-1 redox proficient cells. These results from the current study provide direct evidence that the chronic absence of Cys65 in Ref-1 results in redox inactivity of the protein in human PDAC cells, and subsequent biological results confirm a critical involvement of Ref-1 redox signaling and tumorigenic phenotype.
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Preoperative CT histogram analysis to predict the expression of Ki-67 in solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e197-e203. [PMID: 38007336 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the value of preoperative computed tomography (CT) histogram features in predicting the expression status of Ki-67 in patients with solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumours (SPTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study analysed venous phase CT images of 39 patients with SPTP confirmed at surgery and histopathology and measured using the Ki-67 proliferation index from November 2015 to February 2022. According to the Ki-67 proliferation index, they were divided into high expression (Ki-67 ≥ 4%) and low expression (Ki-67 < 4%) groups. The histogram features of quantitative parameters were extracted using MaZda software, and the quantitative parameters of CT histograms were compared between groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the patients were plotted according to the parameters, with statistically significant differences. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated, and the effectiveness of the histogram parameters in predicting Ki-67 expression was analysed and evaluated. RESULTS In total, 27 SPTP patients were enrolled, including 11 with high expression of Ki-67 and 16 with low expression. Comparative analysis of the Ki-67 high- and low-expression groups revealed a statistically significant in necrosis and variance (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of necrosis and variance predicting Ki-67 expression status were 0.753 and 0.841, the sensitivities were 81.8% and 81.3%, and the specificities were 68.7% and 81.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION Preoperative CT histogram features help predict Ki-67 expression status in patients with SPTP.
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Superspreading-Based Fabrication of Thermostable Nanoporous Polyimide Membranes for High Safety Separators of Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311219. [PMID: 38263800 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of thermally stable separators is a promising approach to address the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the serious shrinkage of commercial polyolefin separators at elevated temperatures. However, achieving controlled nanopores with a uniform size distribution in thermostable polymeric separators and high electrochemical performance is still a great challenge. In this study, nanoporous polyimide (PI) membranes with excellent thermal stability as high-safety separators is developed for LIBs using a superspreading strategy. The superspreading of polyamic acid solutions enables the generation of thin and uniform liquid layers, facilitating the formation of thin PI membranes with controllable and uniform nanopores with narrow size distribution ranging from 121 ± 5 nm to 86 ± 6 nm. Such nanoporous PI membranes display excellent structural stability at elevated temperatures up to 300 °C for at least 1 h. LIBs assembled with nanoporous PI membranes as separators show high specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency and can work normally after transient treatment at a high temperature (150 °C for 20 min) and high ambient temperature, indicating their promising application as high-safety separators for rechargeable batteries.
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Measurement of CP Violation in B^{0}→ψ(→ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-})K_{S}^{0}(→π^{+}π^{-}) Decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:021801. [PMID: 38277604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.021801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in the decays of B^{0} and B[over ¯]^{0} mesons to the final states J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0}, ψ(2S)(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K_{S}^{0} and J/ψ(→e^{+}e^{-})K_{S}^{0} with K_{S}^{0}→π^{+}π^{-} is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The CP-violation parameters are measured to be S_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.717±0.013(stat)±0.008(syst) and C_{ψK_{S}^{0}}=0.008±0.012(stat)±0.003(syst). This measurement of S_{ψK_{S}^{0}} represents the most precise single measurement of the CKM angle β to date and is more precise than the current world average. In addition, measurements of the CP-violation parameters of the individual channels are reported and a combination with the LHCb Run 1 measurements is performed.
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Competing risk nomogram and risk classification system for evaluating overall and cancer-specific survival in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a population-based retrospective study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-023-02261-7. [PMID: 38170396 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) is a rare malignancy with poor clinical prognosis due to limited therapeutic options. This study aimed to establish a risk-stratification score and nomogram models to predict prognosis in NECC patients. METHODS Data on individuals diagnosed with NECC between 2000 and 2019 were retrieved from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and then randomly classified into training and validation cohorts (7:3). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses evaluated independent indicators of prognosis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis further assisted in confirming candidate variables. Based on these factors, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) nomograms that predict survival over 1, 3, and 5 years were constructed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the concordance index (C-index), and the calibration curve estimated the precision and discriminability of the competing risk nomogram for both cohorts. Finally, we assessed the clinical value of the nomograms using decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Data from 2348 patients were obtained from the SEER database. Age, tumor stage, T stage, N stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery predicted OS. Additionally, histological type was another standalone indicator of CSS prognosis. For predicting CSS, the C-index was 0.751 (95% CI 0.731 ~ 0.770) and 0.740 (95% CI 0.710 ~ 0.770) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, the C-index in OS prediction was 0.757 (95% CI 0.738 ~ 0.776) and 0.747 (95% CI 0.718 ~ 0.776) for both cohorts. The proposed model had an excellent discriminative ability. Good accuracy and discriminability were also demonstrated using the AUC and calibration curves. Additionally, DCA demonstrated the high clinical potential of the nomograms for CSS and OS prediction. We constructed a corresponding risk classification system using nomogram scores. For the whole cohort, the median CSS times for the low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups were 59.3, 19.5, and 7.4 months, respectively. CONCLUSION New competing risk nomograms and a risk classification system were successfully developed to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS and OS of NECC patients. The models are internally accurate and reliable and may guide clinicians toward better clinical decisions and the development of personalized treatment plans.
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Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Association: Identification and Validation of Related Genes. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:196-213. [PMID: 38230733 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is considered a key risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to identify and validate potential aging-related genes associated with AD using bioinformatics analysis. METHODS Datasets GSE36980 and GSE5281 were selected to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the immune cell correlation analysis and GSEA analysis of DEGs were performed. The intersection with senescence genes was taken as differentially expressed senescence-related genes (DESRGs), and the GSE44770 dataset was used for further validation. The potential biological functions and signaling pathways were determined by GO and KEGG, and the hub genes were identified by 12 algorithms in Cytohubba. The expression of 10 hub genes in different brain regions was determined and single-cell sequencing analysis was performed, and diagnostic genes were further screened by gene expression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, a miRNA-gene network of diagnostic genes was constructed and targeted drug prediction was performed. RESULTS A total of 2137 DEGs were screened from the GSE36980 and GSE5281 datasets, and 278 SRGs were identified from the CellAge database. The overlapping DEGs and SRGs constituted 29 DESRGs, including 14 senescence suppressor genes and 15 senescence inducible genes. The top 10 hub genes, including MDH1, CKB, PSMD14, SMARCA4, PEBP1, DDB2, ITPKB, ATF7IP, YAP1, and EWSR1 were screened. Furthermore, four diagnostic genes were identified: PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP. The ROC analysis showed that the respective area under the curves (AUCs) of PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP were 0.732, 0.701, 0.747, and 0.703 in the GSE36980 dataset and 0.870, 0.817, 0.902, and 0.834 in the GSE5281 dataset. In the GSE44770 dataset, PMSD14 (AUC, 0.838) and ITPKB (AUC, 0.952) had very high diagnostic values in the early stage of AD. Finally, based on these diagnostic genes, we found that the drug Abemaciclib is a targeted drug for the treatment of age-related AD. Flutamide can aggravate aging-related AD. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that cellular SRGs might play an important role in AD. PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP have the potential as specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AD.
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Longitudinal Impacts of Precision Greenness on Alzheimer's Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:710-720. [PMID: 38706287 PMCID: PMC11061009 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2024.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential for greenness as a novel protective factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires further exploration. OBJECTIVES This study assesses prospectively and longitudinally the association between precision greenness - greenness measured at the micro-environmental level, defined as the Census block - and AD incidence. DESIGN Older adults living in consistently high greenness Census blocks across 2011 and 2016 were compared to those living in consistently low greenness blocks on AD incidence during 2012-2016. SETTING Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. PARTICIPANTS 230,738 U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. MEASUREMENTS U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Chronic Condition Algorithm for AD based on ICD-9 codes, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, age, sex, race/ethnicity, neighborhood income, and walkability. RESULTS Older adults living in the consistently high greenness tertile, compared to those in the consistently low greenness tertile, had 16% lower odds of AD incidence (OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.94, p=0.0014), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood income. Age, neighborhood income and walkability moderated greenness' relationship to odds of AD incidence, such that younger ages (65-74), lower-income, and non-car dependent neighborhoods may benefit most from high greenness. CONCLUSIONS High greenness, compared to low greenness, is associated with lower 5-year AD incidence. Residents who are younger and/or who reside in lower-income, walkable neighborhoods may benefit the most from high greenness. These findings suggest that consistently high greenness at the Census block-level, may be associated with reduced odds of AD incidence at a population level.
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The compound heterozygous mutations of CFAP65 cause multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella in infertile men. QJM 2023; 116:1020-1022. [PMID: 37672023 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
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[Comparison of quality-of-life after proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstruction versus gastric tube reconstruction in patients with proximal gastric cancer]. ZHONGHUA WEI CHANG WAI KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY 2023; 26:1162-1170. [PMID: 38110278 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20230204-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the surgical safety and postoperative quality of life between proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstruction (PG-DT) and proximal gastrectomy with gastric tube reconstruction (PG-GT) for proximal gastric cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of clinical and follow-up data of 99 patients with proximal gastric cancer who had undergone double tract or gastric tube surgery in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2016 to September 2021. We allocated them to two groups according to surgical procedure, namely a double tract group (PG-DT, 50 patients) and gastric tube group (PG-GT, 49 patients). Proximal gastrectomy with double tract reconstruction entails constructing a Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy after severing the proximal stomach, and then constructing a side-to-side anastomosis between the residual stomach and the jejunum to establish an anti-reflux barrier and thus minimize postoperative gastroesophageal reflux. Proximal gastrectomy with gastric tube reconstruction entails severing the proximal gastric stomach, constructing a tubular shaped gastric remnant, and then using a linear stapler to directly anastomose the posterior wall of the esophagus to the anterior wall of the resultant gastric tube. The primary end point was the quality of life of the two groups 1 year postoperatively (post-gastrectomy syndrome assessment scale: the higher the scores for change in body mass, food intake per meal, meal quality subscale, total physical health measurement, and total mental health measurement, the better the quality-of-life, and the higher the scores for other indicators, the worse the quality-of-life). The secondary end points were intraoperative and postoperative status, changes in nutritional status 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and long-term postoperative complications (gastroesophageal reflux, anastomotic stenosis, intestinal obstruction, and gastric emptying disorder 1 year postoperatively). Results: In the PG-DT group, there were 35 (70%) men and 15 (30%) women, 33 (66.0%) patients were aged <65 years, and 37 (74.0%) of them had a body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2; whereas in the PG-GT group, there were 41 (83.7%) men and eight (16.3%) women, 21 (42.9%) patients aged <65 years, and 34 (69.4%) patients with a body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2. There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups except for age (P=0.021). There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissected, length of hospital stay, and incidence of perioperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the PG-GT group, the incidence and severity of postoperative reflux esophagitis were significantly lower in the PG-DT group (4.0% [2/50] vs. 26.5% [13/49], χ2=13.507, P=0.009). The incidences of postoperative anastomotic stenosis, intestinal obstruction, and gastric retention did not differ significantly between the two groups (all P>0.05). Patients in the PG-DT group had better quality-of-life scores for esophageal reflux (2.8 [2.3,4.0] vs. 4.8 [3.8,5.0], Z=3.489, P<0.001), eating discomfort (2.7 [1.7,3.0] vs. 3.3 [2.7,4.0 ], Z=3.393, P=0.001), and total symptoms (2.3 [1.7,2.7] vs. 2.5 [2.2,2.9], Z=2.243, P=0.025) than those in the gastric tube group; The scores for postoperative symptoms (2.0 [1.0,3.0] vs. 2.0 [2.0, 3.0], Z=2.127, P=0.033), meals consumed (2.0 [1.0, 2.0] vs. 2.0 [2.0, 3.0], Z=3.976, P<0.001), work (1.0 [1.0, 2.0] vs. 2.0 [1.0, 2.0], Z=2.279, P=0.023] and daily life (1.7 [1.3, 2.0] vs. 2.0 [2.0, 2.3], Z=3.950, P<0.001) were better in the PG-DT than the PG-GT group. Patients in the PG-GT group scored better than those in the PG-DT group for somatic symptoms, such as anal evacuation (3.0 [2.0, 4.0] vs. 3.5 [2.0, 5.0], Z=2.345, P=0.019). There were no significant differences in hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum total protein, or weight loss 1 year postoperatively between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The safety of double tract anastomosis for proximal gastric cancer is comparable to that of gastric tube surgery. Compared with gastric tube surgery, double tract anastomosis achieves less esophageal reflux and better quality of life, making it a preferable surgical procedure for proximal gastric cancer.
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Ternary low-temperature phototherapy nano-systems for the treatment of diabetic wounds. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:264-274. [PMID: 38088036 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical environment at the sites of chronic diabetic wounds is an ideal habitat for bacteria, which exacerbate the deterioration of the microenvironment at the wound sites and consequently delay wound healing. In recent years, photothermal therapy has been considered an ideal non-antibiotic antimicrobial strategy. However, photothermal therapy alone is prone to cause damage to the body tissues. Herein, a (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8) ZIF-8/(mesoporous polydopamine) MPDA@(deoxyribonuclease I) DNase I ternary nanocomposite system was constructed, which exhibited good antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Specifically, DNase I was first encapsulated into MPDA nanoparticles (NPs) and then coated with ZIF-8, which rapidly degrades in an acidic bacterial environment, triggering the release of antimicrobial Zn2+ and DNase I, thus enabling low-temperature (∼45 °C) PTT antimicrobial therapy. Meanwhile, the NPs can effectively regulate the oxidative stress environment at the trauma site because of the antioxidant effect of MPDA. Moreover, the experimental results of the diabetic wound infection mouse model showed that the prepared NPs could kill bacteria well and accelerate wound healing. Overall, the phototherapy strategy proposed in this study shows great potential in the treatment of chronically infected wounds.
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MOPDDI: Predicting Drug-Drug Interaction Events Based on Multimodal Mutual Orthogonal Projection and Intermodal Consistency Loss. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; PP:1-11. [PMID: 38109247 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3343911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Predicting accurately the mechanisms of drug-drug interaction (DDI) events is crucial in drug research and development. Existing methods used to predict these events are primarily based on deep learning and have achieved satisfactory results. However, they rarely consider the presence of redundant co-information between the multimodal data of a drug and the need for consistency in the predicted features of each drug modality. Herein, we propose a new method for drug interaction event prediction based on multimodal mutual orthogonal projection and intermodal consistency loss. Our method obtains the features of each modality through a multimodal mutual orthogonal projection module, which eliminates redundant common information with other modalities. In addition, we use the consistency loss between modalities and make the predicted features of each modality more similar. In comparative experiments, our proposed method achieves a prediction accuracy of 0.9500, and an area under the precision-recall (AUPR) curve is 0.9833 for known DDIs. This method outperforms existing methods. The results show that the proposed method is capable of accurately predicting DDIs. The source code is available at https://github.com/xiaqixiaqi/MOPDDI.
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The role of preoperative aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index in predicting complications following total hip arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:934. [PMID: 38042799 PMCID: PMC10693101 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and postoperative complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS All THA for osteoarthritis patients from 2007 to 2020 within the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database were included in this study. Subjects were subsequently divided into cohorts based on APRI. Four groups, including normal range, some liver damage, significant fibrosis, and cirrhosis groups, were created. Comparisons between groups were made for demographics, past medical history, and rate of major and minor complications. Other outcomes included readmission, reoperation, discharge destination, mortality, periprosthetic fracture, and postoperative hip dislocation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the role of preoperative APRI in predicting adverse outcomes. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS In total, 104,633 primary THA patients were included in this study. Of these, 103,678 (99.1%) were in the normal APRI group, 444 (0.4%) had some liver damage, 256 (0.2%) had significant fibrosis, and 253 (0.2%) had cirrhosis. When controlling for demographics and relevant past medical history, the abnormal APRI groups had a significantly higher likelihood of major complication, minor complication, intraoperative or postoperative bleeding requiring transfusion, readmission, and non-home discharge (all p < 0.05) compared to normal APRI individuals. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal preoperative APRI is linked with an increasing number of adverse outcomes following THA for osteoarthritis for patients across the United States. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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An E-band multi-channel Doppler backscattering system on EAST. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:123507. [PMID: 38109469 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
An E-band (60-90 GHz) multi-channel Doppler backscattering (DBS) system with X-mode polarization has been installed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), which can measure the turbulence at five different radial locations simultaneously. This system can launch 31 fixed microwave frequencies in the range of 60-90 GHz with a 1 GHz interval into the plasma, and five probing signals are selected by employing a reference signal and multiple filters. During experiments, the frequency of the reference signal is tunable in the E-band, and the selected probing signals can be changed as needed without any other adjustments, which can be performed in one shot or between shots. Furthermore, the incident angle can be adjusted from -10° to 20°, and the wavenumber range is 4-25 cm-1 with a wavenumber resolution of Δk/k ≤ 0.35. Ray tracing simulations are employed to calculate the scattering locations and the perpendicular wavenumber. In this article, the hardware design, ray tracing, and initial results obtained from the EAST plasma will be presented.
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Identifying canonical and replicable multi-scale intrinsic connectivity networks in 100k+ resting-state fMRI datasets. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5729-5748. [PMID: 37787573 PMCID: PMC10619392 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the known benefits of data-driven approaches, the lack of approaches for identifying functional neuroimaging patterns that capture both individual variations and inter-subject correspondence limits the clinical utility of rsfMRI and its application to single-subject analyses. Here, using rsfMRI data from over 100k individuals across private and public datasets, we identify replicable multi-spatial-scale canonical intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) templates via the use of multi-model-order independent component analysis (ICA). We also study the feasibility of estimating subject-specific ICNs via spatially constrained ICA. The results show that the subject-level ICN estimations vary as a function of the ICN itself, the data length, and the spatial resolution. In general, large-scale ICNs require less data to achieve specific levels of (within- and between-subject) spatial similarity with their templates. Importantly, increasing data length can reduce an ICN's subject-level specificity, suggesting longer scans may not always be desirable. We also find a positive linear relationship between data length and spatial smoothness (possibly due to averaging over intrinsic dynamics), suggesting studies examining optimized data length should consider spatial smoothness. Finally, consistency in spatial similarity between ICNs estimated using the full data and subsets across different data lengths suggests lower within-subject spatial similarity in shorter data is not wholly defined by lower reliability in ICN estimates, but may be an indication of meaningful brain dynamics which average out as data length increases.
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Maternal iodine intake and adherence to iodine supplement recommendations in a group of Chinese women: the results from the WIN cohort study - CORRIGENDUM. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:492. [PMID: 37078399 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
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Micronano Titanium Accelerates Mesenchymal Stem Cells Aging through the Activation of Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22885-22900. [PMID: 37947356 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence is one of the most representative events of organism aging and is responsible for many physiological abnormalities and disorders. In the scenario of orthopedic disease treatment, stem cell aging may affect the implantation outcome and even lead to operation failure. To explore whether stem cell aging will affect the osteointegration effect of titanium implant, a widely used micronano titanium (MNT) was fabricated. We first verified the expected osteointegration effect of the MNT, which could be attributed to the improvement of stem cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. Then, we obtained aged-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and studied their biological behaviors on MNT both in vitro and in vivo. We found that compared with normal rats, MNT did not significantly improve the osteointegration in aged rats. Compared with normal rats, fewer endogenous stem cells were observed at the implant-host interface, and the expression of p21 (senescence marker) was also higher. We further confirmed that MNT promoted the nuclear localization of NF-κB in senescent stem cells through the activation of p38 MAPK, thereby inducing the occurrence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and ultimately leading to the depletion of the stem-cell pool at the implant-host interface. However, the activation of p38 MAPK can still promote the osteogenic differentiation of nonsenescent BMSCs. These results showed an interesting paradoxical balance between osteogenesis and senescence on MNT surfaces and also provided insights for the design of orthopedic implants for aging patients.
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Beaklike ossification in ankylosing spondylitis. QJM 2023; 116:949. [PMID: 37335876 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
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Prognostic value of multiphase CT angiography: estimated infarct core volume in the patients with acute ischaemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e815-e822. [PMID: 37607843 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies reported the feasibility of quantifying a reliable infarct core (IC) volume using multiphase computed tomography (mCTA) based on deep learning, however its prognostic value was not fully clarified. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of mCTA-estimated IC volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent mCTA and MT for large vessel occlusion in middle cerebral artery and (or) internal carotid artery within 6 hours after symptom onset between January 2018 and November 2019. Patients were dichotomized into good (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score, 0-2) and poor (mRS, 3-6) outcome groups. mCTA-estimated IC volume were generated based on a multi-scale three-dimensional convolutional neural network. Univariate, multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to identify the independent variables, and evaluate their performances in predicting the clinical outcome. RESULTS Of 44 included patients, 27 (61.4%) patients achieved good outcome. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission [NIHSSpre] (odds ratio [OR], 1.191; 95%confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.379; P=0.020) and mCTA-estimated IC volume (OR, 1.076; 95%CI, 1.016-1.140; P=0.013) were found to be independently associated with functional outcome in patients with AIS after MT. After integrating NIHSSpre and mCTA-estimated IC volume, optimal performance (area under the ROC curve, 0.874; 95%CI, 0.739-0.954) could be obtained in predicting the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS mCTA-estimated IC volume might be promising for predicting the prognosis, and assisting in making individualized treatment decision in patients with AIS.
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2 years is a reasonable age cut-off level for prognostic assessment of children with hepatoblastoma. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2023; 27:10553-10562. [PMID: 37975379 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202311_34333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the prognostic significance of age in hepatoblastoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from 783 patients with hepatoblastoma were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2000-2018). The best age cut-off level was determined by X-tile, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The results of the X-tile were verified by selecting the appropriate cut-off value to maximize the difference in survival outcomes at intervals of 1 year. The Cox regression model was used to determine the prognostic impact of risk factors and age. RESULTS X-tile analysis determined that 2 years was the best cut-off age for OS and CSS. The overall prognosis in the ≥ 2 years group was worse than that in the < 2 years group (OS: p = 0.00017; CSS: p < 0.0001). In Cox univariate analysis, when 2 years was used as the standard group, the numbers of patients in the two groups were similar, with high hazard ratio (HR) value and narrow 95% confidence interval (CI) (OS: HR, 1.834; 95% CI, 1.329 - 2.532; p < 0.001; CSS: HR, 1.988; 95% CI, 1.410 - 2.801; p < 0.001), which was consistent with the age cut-off point determined by X-tile. Cox multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 2 years, black ethnicity, no surgery, no chemotherapy, distant metastasis, and tumor size ≥ 5 cm were independent predictors of poor OS and CSS. On subgroup analysis, patients aged ≥ 2 years had worse survival if they were Caucasian, had elevated alpha-fetoprotein, tumor size ≥ 5 cm, or distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Age is an important prognostic factor for hepatoblastoma. Age ≥ 2 years at diagnosis may predict poor prognosis and more active treatment measures can be implemented.
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Observation of New Baryons in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} and Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:171901. [PMID: 37955487 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The first observation and study of two new baryonic structures in the final state Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} and the confirmation of the Ξ_{b}(6100)^{-} state in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} decay mode are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. In addition, the properties of the known Ξ_{b}^{*0}, Ξ_{b}^{'-} and Ξ_{b}^{*-} resonances are measured with improved precision. The new decay mode of the Ξ_{b}^{0} baryon to the Ξ_{c}^{+} π^{-} π^{+} π^{-} final state is observed and exploited for the first time in these measurements.
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Precision Measurement of CP Violation in the Penguin-Mediated Decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:171802. [PMID: 37955501 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.171802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A flavor-tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the decay B_{s}^{0}→ϕϕ is performed using pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at the center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}. The CP-violating phase and direct CP-violation parameter are measured to be ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.042±0.075±0.009 rad and |λ|=1.004±0.030±0.009, respectively, assuming the same values for all polarization states of the ϕϕ system. In these results, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These parameters are also determined separately for each polarization state, showing no evidence for polarization dependence. The results are combined with previous LHCb measurements using pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, yielding ϕ_{s}^{ss[over ¯]s}=-0.074±0.069 rad and |λ|=1.009±0.030. This is the most precise study of time-dependent CP violation in a penguin-dominated B meson decay. The results are consistent with CP symmetry and with the standard model predictions.
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All-in-One Engineering Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Sensitizing Tumor Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy In Vivo. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20218-20236. [PMID: 37838975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature photothermal therapy (PTT) is a noninvasive method that harnesses the photothermal effect at low temperatures to selectively eliminate tumor cells, while safeguarding normal tissues, minimizing thermal damage, and enhancing treatment safety. First we evaluated the transcriptome of tumor cells at the gene level following low-temperature treatment and observed significant enrichment of genes involved in cell cycle and heat response-related signaling pathways. To address this challenge, we have developed an engineering multifunctional nanoplatform that offered an all-in-one strategy for efficient sensitization of low-temperature PTT. Specifically, we utilized MoS2 nanoparticles as the photothermal core to generate low temperature (40-48 °C). The nanoplatform was coated with DPA to load CPT-11 and Fe2+ and was further modified with PEG and iRGD to enhance tumor specificity (MoS2/Fe@CPT-11-PEG-iRGD). Laser- and acid-triggered release of CPT-11 can significantly increase intracellular H2O2 content, cooperate with Fe2+ ions to increase intracellular lipid ROS content, and activate ferroptosis. Furthermore, CPT-11 induced cell cycle arrest in the temperature-sensitive S-phase, and increased lipid ROS levels contributed to the degradation of HSPs protein expression. This synergistic approach could effectively induce tumor cell death by the sensitized low-temperature PTT and the combination of ferroptosis and chemotherapy. Our nanoplatform can also maximize tumor cell eradication and prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice in vivo. The multifunctional approach will provide more possibilities for clinical applications of low-temperature PTT and potential avenues for the development of multiple tumor treatments.
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A novel nonsense mutation of PNLDC1 associated with male infertility due to oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia in a consanguineous Chinese family. QJM 2023; 116:866-868. [PMID: 37458503 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
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Measurement of the Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} Differential Branching Fraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:151801. [PMID: 37897753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The branching fraction of the rare decay Λ_{b}^{0}→Λ(1520)μ^{+}μ^{-} is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass intervals q^{2}, excluding the J/ψ and ψ(2S) regions. The data sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. The result in the highest q^{2} interval, q^{2}>15.0 GeV^{2}/c^{4}, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model dependence, agrees with the predictions.
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[Interpretation of the National Regulation for the Rabies Exposure Prophylaxis (2023 Edition)]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2023; 44:1497-1506. [PMID: 37875436 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230905-00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is one of the important zoonotic infectious diseases, with a mortality rate of almost 100%. Rabies is a vaccine preventable disease, and proper rabies exposure prophylaxis can effectively prevent the occurrence of human rabies. In recent years, there has been significant progress in clinical research on the rabies exposure prophylaxis both domestically and internationally. World Health Organization (WHO) released the Rabies Vaccine: WHO Position Paper-April 2018. In order to guide medical institutions of all levels in rabies exposure prophylaxis, the National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control, in conjunction with the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, organized the Rabies Vaccine Working Group of the National Immunization Program Technical Working Group and invited experts to revise and issue the National Regulation for the Rabies Exposure Prophylaxis (2023 Edition). This article compares the National Regulation for the Rabies Exposure Prophylaxis (2009 Edition) and interprets the updated key points and supporting basis of the new version of the guidelines to guide clinical application and implementation.
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Impact of modified-release opioid use on clinical outcomes following total hip and knee arthroplasty: a propensity score-matched cohort study. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:1237-1248. [PMID: 37365700 PMCID: PMC10952779 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Modified-release opioids are often prescribed for the management of moderate to severe acute pain following total hip and knee arthroplasty, despite recommendations against their use due to increasing concerns regarding harm. The primary objective of this multicentre study was to examine the impact of modified-release opioid use on the incidence of opioid-related adverse events compared with immediate-release opioid use, among adult inpatients following total hip or knee arthroplasty. Data for total hip and knee arthroplasty inpatients receiving an opioid analgesic for postoperative analgesia during hospitalisation were collected from electronic medical records of three tertiary metropolitan hospitals in Australia. The primary outcome was the incidence of opioid-related adverse events during hospital admission. Patients who received modified with or without immediate-release opioids were matched to those receiving immediate-release opioids only (1:1) using nearest neighbour propensity score matching with patient and clinical characteristics as covariates. This included total opioid dose received. In the matched cohorts, patients given modified-release opioids (n = 347) experienced a higher incidence of opioid-related adverse events overall, compared with those given immediate-release opioids only (20.5%, 71/347 vs. 12.7%, 44/347; difference in proportions 7.8% [95%CI 2.3-13.3%]). Modified-release opioid use was associated with an increased risk of harm when used for acute pain during hospitalisation after total hip or knee arthroplasty.
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Peripheral T-Cell Priming and Micrometastatic Disease Control with Metastasis-Directed Therapy: Multidimensional Immunogenomic Profiling of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer in the EXTEND Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S33-S34. [PMID: 37784479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Comprehensive metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) for oligometastatic prostate cancer extended progression-free survival (PFS) and time to new lesion formation in the intermittent hormone therapy (HT) basket of EXTEND. To better understand the mechanism of MDT benefit, we pooled the intermittent and continuous HT baskets of EXTEND and tested the hypothesis that adding MDT to HT would program systemic T-cells to control micrometastatic disease. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 174 men were randomized to HT with or without MDT to up to 5 sites of metastases. HT was given for 6 months (intermittent basket, n = 87) or indefinitely (continuous basket, n = 87). Peripheral blood samples were drawn at enrollment, at the end of MDT, at 3 months follow-up (3 mo F/U), and at progression and then analyzed by flow cytometry, T-cell receptor (TCR)-β CDR3 variable region sequencing, multiplex cytokine profiling, and next-generation circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing. TCR clonal expansion was determined using a published betabinomial model. Repertoire changes were assessed by Morisita's index, and dominant TCR repertoire motifs were characterized with ImmunoMap. Associations between blood markers and PFS were evaluated with Cox regression adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) accounting for randomization arm and stratifying for intermittent vs continuous HT. RESULTS Randomization to MDT+HT was associated with T-cell activation, proliferation, and clonal expansion. This response was first observed at end-MDT as upregulated expression of T-cell activation and inhibition markers (i.e., ICOS, Tim-3, and LAG-3) and increases in highly proliferative CD4+ and CD8+ Ki67hi T-cells (all P<0.05). TCR sequencing of 7,678,911 T-cells revealed that MDT+HT was associated with TCR clonal expansion, remodeling of the TCR repertoire, and changes in dominant TCR motifs at end-MDT and 3 mo F/U (all P<0.05). Observed T-cell priming could be driven by signaling networks of canonical T-cell stimulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15), which were upregulated at end-MDT and persisted at 3 mo F/U (all P<0.05). This modulation of T-cell phenotype, clonotype, and cytokine concentrations was not observed in the HT-monotherapy arm. At end-MDT, systemic T-cell responses were associated with improved PFS, most notably CD8+ T-cell expression of LAG-3 (aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.03-0.91) and high TCR clonal expansion (aHR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02-0.52). High ctDNA burden at end-MDT correlated with worse PFS (aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-2.54), as did CD8+ T-cell expression of inhibitory receptor TIGIT at 3 mo F/U (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06). CONCLUSION The addition of MDT to HT induced systemic T-cell activation and expansion, which was not observed in the HT-only arm. This systemic immune response was independently associated with improved PFS. In addition to cytoreduction of macroscopic disease, MDT-induced immune education may be an important complementary mechanism of micrometastatic control in oligometastatic prostate cancer.
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Self-supervised dual-head attentional bootstrap learning network for prostate cancer screening in transrectal ultrasound images. Comput Biol Med 2023; 165:107337. [PMID: 37672927 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Current convolutional neural network-based ultrasound automatic classification models for prostate cancer often rely on extensive manual labeling. Although Self-supervised Learning (SSL) have shown promise in addressing this problem, those data that from medical scenarios contains intra-class similarity conflicts, so using loss calculations directly that include positive and negative sample pairs can mislead training. SSL method tends to focus on global consistency at the image level and does not consider the internal informative relationships of the feature map. To improve the efficiency of prostate cancer diagnosis, using SSL method to learn key diagnostic information in ultrasound images, we proposed a self-supervised dual-head attentional bootstrap learning network (SDABL), including Online-Net and Target-Net. Self-Position Attention Module (SPAM) and adaptive maximum channel attention module (CAAM) are inserted in both paths simultaneously. They captures position and inter-channel attention and of the original feature map with a small number of parameters, solve the information optimization problem of feature maps in SSL. In loss calculations, we discard the construction of negative sample pairs, and instead guide the network to learn the consistency of the location space and channel space by drawing closer to the embedding representation of positive samples continuously. We conducted numerous experiments on the prostate Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) dataset, experiments show that our SDABL pre-training method has significant advantages over both mainstream contrast learning methods and other attention-based methods. Specifically, the SDABL pre-trained backbone achieves 80.46% accuracy on our TRUS dataset after fine-tuning.
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High Dose Hyperfractionated Thoracic Radiotherapy vs. Standard Dose for Limited Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized, Phase 3 Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S1. [PMID: 37784261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Limited stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is associated with poor prognosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose, hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy of 54 Gy in 30 fractions compared with standard dose (45 Gy in 30 fractions) as a first-line treatment for LS-SCLC. MATERIALS/METHODS The study was an open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial, done at 16 public hospitals in China. Key inclusion criteria were patients aged 18-70 years, with previously histologically or cytologically confirmed LS-SCLC, previously untreated or received 1-2 courses of intravenous cisplatin (75 mg/m²of body-surface area, on day 1 or divided into two days of each cycle) or carboplatin (area under the curve of 5 mg/mL per min, day 1 of each cycle)and intravenous etoposide (100 mg/m²of body-surface area, on days 1-3 of each cycle), and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1.Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) of 45 Gy in 30 fractions or the simultaneous integrated boost VMAT (SIB-VMAT) of 54 Gy in 30 fractions to the primary lung tumor and lymph node metastases starting 0-42 days after the first chemotherapy course. Both groups of patients received thoracic radiotherapy twice per day and 10 fractions per week. Prophylactic cranial radiation (PCI, 25 Gy in 10 fractions) was implemented to patients with responsive disease. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Safety was analyzed in the as-treated population. RESULTS Between June 30, 2017, and April 6, 2021, 224 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to 54 Gy (n = 108) or 45 Gy (n = 116). Median follow-up for the primary analysis was 45 months (IQR 41-48). Median overall survival was significantly improved in the 54 Gy group (62.4 months) compared with the 45 Gy group (43.1 months; p = 0.001). Median progression-free survival was significantly improved in the 54 Gy group (30.5 months) compared with the 45 Gy group (16.7 months; p = 0.044). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (30 [28%] of 108 patients in the 54 Gy group vs 27 [23%] of 116 patients in the 45 Gy group), neutropenic infections (6 [6%] vs 2 [2%]), thrombocytopenia (13 [12%] vs 12 [10%]), anemia (6 [6%] vs 4 [3%]), and esophagitis (1 [1%] vs 3 [3%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 9 [8%] patients in the 54 Gy group and 16 [14%] patients in the 45 Gy group. There were one treatment-related deaths in 54 Gy group (myocardial infarction). CONCLUSION Compared with standard thoracic radiotherapy dose of 45 Gy, the high dose of 54 Gy improved overall survival and progression-free survival without increasing toxicities in patients with LS-SCLC, supporting twice-daily hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy of 54 Gy with concurrent chemotherapy is an alternative treatment option for LS-SCLC. This study is complete and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03214003.
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Correction: IL6 derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes chemoresistance via CXCR7 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:3287-3288. [PMID: 37723312 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
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