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Li SA, Guyatt GH, Yao L, Donn G, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Yan L, Djulbegovic B. Guideline panel social dynamics influence the development of clinical practice recommendations: a mixed-methods systematic review. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 166:111224. [PMID: 38036187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize empirical studies that investigate the cognitive and social processes involved in the deliberation process of guideline development meetings and determine the distribution of deliberated topics. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a mixed-method systematic review using a convergent segregated approach. We searched for empirical studies that investigate the intragroup dynamics of guideline development meetings indexed in bibliographic databases. RESULTS Of the 5,899 citations screened, 12 studies from six countries proved eligible. Chairs, cochairs, and methodologists contributed to at least one-third of the discussion time in guideline development meetings; patient partners contributed the least. In interdisciplinary groups, male gender and occupation as a physician were positively associated with the amount of contribution. Compared to groups that used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, for groups that did not, when faced with insufficient or low-quality evidence, relied more on their clinical experience. The presence of a cognitive "yes" bias was apparent in meetings: panelists tended to acquiesce with positive statements that required less cognitive effort than negative statements. CONCLUSION The social dynamics of the discussions were linked to each panelist's activity role, professional background, and gender, all of which influenced the level of contributions they made in guideline development meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly-Anne Li
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University Health Network, 440 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6T 2S6, Canada.
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Liang Yao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gemma Donn
- Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 252 Bloor St W, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6, Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Lijiao Yan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Benjamin Djulbegovic
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Zeng L, Helsingen LM, Bretthauer M, Agoritsas T, Vandvik PO, Mustafa RA, Busse J, Siemieniuk RAC, Lytvyn L, Li SA, Yang M, Yan L, Zhang L, Brignardello-Petersen R, Guyatt GH. A novel framework for incorporating patient values and preferences in making guideline recommendations: guideline panel surveys. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 161:164-172. [PMID: 37453455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Universally acknowledged standards for trustworthy guidelines include the necessity to ground recommendations in patient values and preferences. When information is limited-which is typically the case-guideline panels often find it difficult to explicitly integrate patient values and preferences into their recommendations. Our objective was to develop and evaluate a framework for systematically navigating guideline panels in incorporating patient values and preferences in making recommendations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING In the context of developing a guideline for colorectal cancer screening, we generated an initial framework for creating panel surveys to elicit guideline panelists' views of patient values and preferences and to inform panel discussions on recommendations. With further applications in guidelines of diverse topic areas, we dynamically refined the framework through iterative discussions and consensus. RESULTS The finial framework consists of five steps for creating and implementing panel surveys. The surveys can serve three objectives following from the quantitative information regarding patient values and preferences that guideline panels usually require. An accompanying video provides detailed instructions of the survey. CONCLUSION The framework for creating and implementing panel surveys offers explicit guidance for guideline panels considering transparently and systematically incorporating patient values and preferences into guideline recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Zeng
- Evidence-based Pharmacy Centre/Pharmacy Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lise M Helsingen
- Clinical Effectiveness Research, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Bretthauer
- Clinical Effectiveness Research, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division General Internal Medicine & Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Per O Vandvik
- Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Hospital Trust, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reem A Mustafa
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jason Busse
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reed A C Siemieniuk
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyubov Lytvyn
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengting Yang
- Evidence-based Pharmacy Centre/Pharmacy Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijiao Yan
- Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Evidence-based Pharmacy Centre/Pharmacy Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Zeng L, Li SA, Yang M, Yan L, Helsingen LM, Bretthauer M, Agoritsas T, Vandvik PO, Mustafa RA, Busse J, Siemieniuk RAC, Lytvyn L, Zhang L, Brignardello-Petersen R, Guyatt GH. Qualitative study of guideline panelists: innovative surveys provided valuable insights regarding patient values and preferences. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 161:173-180. [PMID: 37517505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore guideline panelists' understanding of panel surveys for eliciting panels' inferences regarding patient values and preferences, and the influence of the surveys on making recommendations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We performed sampling and data collection from all four guideline panels that had conducted the surveys through October 2020. We collected the records of all panel meetings and interviewed some panelists in different roles. We applied inductive thematic analysis for analyzing and interpreting data. RESULTS We enrolled four guideline panels with 99 panelists in total and interviewed 25 of them. Most panelists found the survey was easy to follow and facilitated the incorporation of patient values and preferences in the tradeoffs between benefits and harms or burdens. The variation of patient preferences and uncertainty regarding patient values and preferences reflected in the surveys helped the panels ponder the strength of recommendations. In doing so, the survey results enhanced a rationale for panels' decision on the recommendations. CONCLUSION The panel surveys have proved to help guideline panels explicitly consider and incorporate patient values and preferences in making recommendations. Guideline panels would benefit from widespread use of the panel surveys, particularly when primary evidence regarding patient values and preferences is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Zeng
- Evidence-based Pharmacy Centre/Pharmacy Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengting Yang
- Evidence-based Pharmacy Centre/Pharmacy Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijiao Yan
- Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lise M Helsingen
- Clinical Effectiveness Research, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Bretthauer
- Clinical Effectiveness Research, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division General Internal Medicine & Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Per O Vandvik
- Department of Medicine, Lovisenberg Hospital Trust, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reem A Mustafa
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jason Busse
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reed A C Siemieniuk
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyubov Lytvyn
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Evidence-based Pharmacy Centre/Pharmacy Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Yan L, Hu J, Yu Z, Li SA, Graham K, Scott SE, Shen C, Jin X, Liu J. The perceptions and experience of developing patient (version of) guidelines: a descriptive qualitative study with Chinese guideline developers. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:789. [PMID: 37488555 PMCID: PMC10367247 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand developers' perception of patient (versions of) guidelines (PVGs), and identify challenges during the PVG development, with the aim to inform methodological guidance for future PVG development. METHODS We used a descriptive qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually from December 2021 to April 2022, with a purposive sampling of 12 PVG developers from nine teams in China. Conventional and directed content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS The interviews identified PVG developers' understanding of PVGs, their current practice experience, and the challenges of developing PVGs. Participants believed PVGs were a type of health education material for patients; therefore, it should be based on patient needs and be understandable and accessible. Participants suggested that PVGs could be translated/adapted from one or several clinical practice guidelines (CPG), or developed de novo (i.e., the creation of an entirely new PVG with its own set of research questions that are independent of existing CPGs). Participants perceived those existing methodological guidelines for PVG development might not provide clear instructions for PVGs developed from multiple CPGs and from de novo development. Challenges to PVG development include (1) a lack of standardized and native guidance on developing PVGs; (2) a lack of standardized guidance on patient engagement; (3) other challenges: no publicly known and trusted platform that could disseminate PVGs; concerns about the conflicting interests with health professionals. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Our study suggests clarifying the concept of PVG is the primary task to develop PVGs and carry out related research. There is a need to make PVG developers realize the roles of PVGs, especially in helping decision-making, to maximize the effect of PVG. It is necessary to develop native consensus-based guidance considering developers' perspectives regarding PVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Yan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VG, USA.
| | - Zeyu Yu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Graham
- Healthcare Improvement Scotland, Gyle Square 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Sarah E Scott
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Manchester, UK
| | - Chen Shen
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Jin
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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5
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Grinspun D, Wallace K, Li SA, McNeill S, Squires JE, Bujalance J, D'Arpino M, De Souza G, Farshait N, Gabbay J, Graham ID, Hutchinson A, Kinder K, Laur C, Mah T, Moore JE, Plant J, Ploquin J, Ruiter PJA, St-Germain D, Sills-Maerov M, Tao M, Titler M, Zhao J. Corrigendum to “Exploring social movement concepts and actions in a knowledge uptake and sustainability context: A concept analysis” [Int J Nurs Sci 9/4 (2022) 411–421]. Int J Nurs Sci 2023; 10:e1. [PMID: 37128483 PMCID: PMC10148247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.08.003.].
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Yan LJ, Li SA, Jin XJ, Yang D, Scott SE, Wang ZJ, Hu XY, Wang XQ, Hu JL, Liang SB, Liu JP. Development of patient versions of guidelines in Chinese mainland: A systematic survey of current practices and methods. Patient Educ Couns 2022; 105:3410-3421. [PMID: 36171163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review current practices and methods underlying the development of patient versions of guidelines (PVGs) in Chinese mainland. METHODS We systematically searched for PVGs created or published between January 2010 and February 2022. We conducted a framework analysis for the development process and assessed the compliance of PVGs using the Reporting Checklist for Public Versions of Guidelines (RIGHT-PVG). RESULTS We identified 26 PVGs developed by 16 PVG-working teams. In accordance with the Guidelines International Network (GIN), only two PVGs were translated using one clinical practice guideline (CPG) provided by the CPG-working group source. Several CPGs and other information sources were integrated and translated into a single PVG by other PVG teams. Moreover, we identified various practices described by different PVG teams that could be structured into six steps. Out of the 17 RIGHT-PVG items, five items were fully reported in all PVGs, while two items ("Provide a summary of the PVG" and "Provide a list of terms and abbreviations") were not reported in any of the PVGs. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS A relatively small number of PVGs were developed in Chinese mainland. The development of a PVG requires comprehensive methodological guidance based on several CPGs and other sources of information as opposed to only using one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiao Yan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xue-Jing Jin
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sarah E Scott
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Zhi-Jie Wang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Hu
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 5ST, UK; Research Design Service South Central, National Institute of Health Research, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Xiao-Qin Wang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jia-le Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Shi-Bing Liang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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7
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Li SA, Donn G. Facilitating Access to Healthcare for Performing Artists Using Subsidized Health Services in Canada: An Interpretive Descriptive Study. Med Probl Perform Art 2022; 37:259-268. [PMID: 36455110 DOI: 10.21091/mppa.2022.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performing artists are often confronted with job insecurity and insufficient health coverage. As a result, artists may not have access to non-publicly funded health services that are essential to their well-being. A health centre in Canada that specializes in providing healthcare to artists offers eligible artists subsidized health services, with the aim to treat acute health issues that impact an artists' ability to engage in their artistic practice. PURPOSE We evaluated the use of the subsidized health services and explored the subsidy recipients' and the selection committee's perspectives on the impact of these services on the health of performing artists. METHODS We applied an interpretive descriptive approach to our qualitative inquiry. We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with recipients of the subsidy and a focus group with the selection committee that selected recipients of the subsidy. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 14 artists and all members of the selection committee (n=3) participated. Recipients and selection committee perceived that subsidized health services were critical in enabling consistent and timely diagnosis and treatment. Several themes emerged from the data: 1) need for universal health benefits to restore equity and offset healthcare insecurity, 2) the critical role of subsidies in accessing health services, 3) risks of abruptly ending health services when subsidy runs out, 4) barriers in applying for and accessing subsidies, 5) mental health challenges, and 6) importance of the subsidy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. All recipients saw noticeable improvement in health outcomes that they believed would have been otherwise unattainable if they did not have timely access to care. CONCLUSIONS Subsidized health services play an important role in ensuring that performing artists have access to care for injuries and health conditions that are related to their profession. Future research can examine the long-term impact of subsidized services on the recipients' health and employment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly-Anne Li
- Artists' Health Centre, University Health Network, 440 Bathurst Street, 3rd floor, Toronto, ON M6T 2S6, Canada.
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Li SA, Chen R, Tong XC, Wong AK, Chan TM. Learning while leading: a realist evaluation of an academic leadership programme. BMJ Lead 2022; 6:263-270. [PMID: 36794608 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2021-000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many academic health centres and universities have implemented leadership development programmes; however, their potential impact in different contexts in healthcare remains unknown. We assessed the impact of an academic leadership development programme on the self-reported leadership activities of faculty leaders in their respective work contexts. METHODS Ten faculty leaders who participated in a 10-month leadership development programme between 2017 and 2020 were interviewed. The realist evaluation approach was used to guide deductive content analysis, allowing concepts related to what works for whom, why and when to emerge from the data. RESULTS Faculty leaders benefited in different ways depending on the organisational context (eg, culture) in which they reside and their individual contexts (eg, personal aspirations as a leader). Faculty leaders who have minimal mentorship in their leadership role gained an increased sense of community and belongingness with peer leaders and received validation in their personal leadership approach from the programme. Faculty leaders with accessible mentors were more likely than their peers to apply the knowledge they learnt to their work settings. Prolonged engagement among faculty leaders in the 10-month programme fostered continuity of learning and peer support that extended beyond programme completion. CONCLUSIONS This academic leadership programme included participation of faculty leaders in different contexts, resulted in varying impacts on participants' learning outcomes, leader self-efficacy and application of acquired knowledge. Faculty administrators should look for programmes with a multitude of learning interfaces to extract knowledge, hone leadership skills and build networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Chen
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Office of Continuing Professional Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Academic Leadership Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - X Catherine Tong
- Office of Continuing Professional Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Waterloo Regional Campus, McMaster University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Anne K Wong
- Academic Leadership Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Teresa M Chan
- Office of Continuing Professional Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada .,Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Education & Innovation, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Grinspun D, Wallace K, Li SA, McNeill S, Squires JE, Bujalance J, D’Arpino M, De Souza G, Farshait N, Gabbay J, Graham ID, Hutchinson A, Kinder K, Laur C, Mah T, Moore JE, Plant J, Ploquin J, Ruiter PJA, St-Germain D, Sills-Maerov M, Tao M, Titler M, Zhao J. Exploring social movement concepts and actions in a knowledge uptake and sustainability context: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Sci 2022; 9:411-421. [PMID: 36285080 PMCID: PMC9587399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To share a concept analysis of social movement aimed at advancing its application to evidence uptake and sustainability in health-care. Methods We applied Walker and Avant method to clarify the concept of social movement in the context of knowledge uptake and sustainability. Peer-reviewed and grey literature databases were systematically searched for relevant reports that described how social movement action led to evidence-based practice changes in health and community settings. Titles, abstracts and full texts were reviewed independently and in duplicate, resulting in 38 included articles. Results Social movement action for knowledge uptake and sustainability can be defined as individuals, groups, or organizations that, as voluntary and intrinsically motivated change agents, mobilize around a common cause to improve outcomes through knowledge uptake and sustainability. The 10 defining attributes, three antecedents and three consequences that we identified are dynamic and interrelated, often mutually reinforcing each other to fortify various aspects of the social movement. Examples of defining attributes include an urgent need for action, collective action and collective identity. The concept analysis resulted in the development of the Social Movement Action Framework. Conclusions Social movement action can provide a lens through which we view implementation science. Collective action and collective identity – concepts less frequently canvassed in implementation science literature – can lend insight into grassroots approaches to uptake and sustainability. Findings can also inform providers and change leaders on the practicalities of harnessing social movement action for real-world change initiatives. By mobilizing individuals, groups, or organizations through social movement approaches, they can engage as powered change agents and teams that impact the individual, organizational and health systems levels to facilitate knowledge uptake and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Grinspun
- Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine Wallace
- Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan McNeill
- Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Janet Elaine Squires
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - John Gabbay
- University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK
| | - Ian D. Graham
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alison Hutchinson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University Australia, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Kinder
- Healthcare Excellence Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Celia Laur
- Women’s College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care (WIHV), Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tina Mah
- Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - May Tao
- Toronto Public Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marita Titler
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Zhao J, Li SA, Graham ID, Scientist S. A call for de-implementation research and clinical practice in Chinese healthcare. BMJ 2022; 377:o1203. [PMID: 35550301 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.o1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Zhao
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kum E, Guyatt GH, Munoz C, Beaudin S, Li SA, Abdulqawi R, Badri H, Boulet LP, Chen R, Dicpinigaitis P, Dupont L, Field SK, French CL, Gibson PG, Irwin RS, Marsden P, McGarvey L, Smith JA, Song WJ, O'Byrne PM, Satia I. Assessing cough symptom severity in refractory or unexplained chronic cough: findings from patient focus groups and an international expert panel. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00667-2021. [PMID: 35295233 PMCID: PMC8918938 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00667-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cough symptom severity represents an important subjective end-point to assess the impact of therapies for patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough (RCC/UCC). As existing instruments assessing the severity of cough are neither widely available nor tested for measurement properties, we aim to develop a new patient-reported outcome measure addressing cough severity. Objective The aim of this study was to establish items and domains that would inform development of a new cough severity instrument. Methods Three focus groups involving 16 adult patients with RCC/UCC provided data that we analysed using directed content analysis. Discussions led to consensus among an international panel of 15 experts on candidate items and domains to assess cough severity. Results The patient focus group provided 48 unique items arranged under broad domains of urge-to-cough sensations and cough symptom. Feedback from expert panel members confirmed the appropriateness of items and domains, and provided an additional subdomain related to cough triggers. The final conceptual framework comprised 51 items in the following domains: urge-to-cough sensations (subdomains: frequency and intensity) and cough symptom (subdomains: triggers, control, frequency, fit/bout duration, intensity, quality and associated features/sequelae). Conclusions Consensus findings from patients and international experts established domains of urge-to-cough and cough symptom with associated subdomains and relevant items. The results support item generation and content validity for a novel patient-reported outcome measure for use in health research and clinical practice. The urge-to-cough (subdomains: frequency and intensity) and cough symptom (subdomains: triggers, control, frequency, fit/bout duration, intensity, quality, and associated features/sequelae) represent domains to assess cough severity in RCC/UCChttps://bit.ly/3fI6qkC
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12
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Li SA, Yousefi-Nooraie R, Guyatt G, Talwar G, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Hozo I, Djulbegovic B. A few panel members dominated guideline development meeting discussions: Social network analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 141:1-10. [PMID: 34555427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify patterns of interactions that may influence guideline panels' decision-making. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Social network analysis (SNA) to describe the conversation network in a guideline development meeting in United States. RESULTS We analyzed one two-day guideline panel meeting that included 20 members who developed a guideline using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. The conversation pattern of the guideline panel indicated a well-connected network (density=0.59, clustering coefficient=0.82). GRADE topics on quality of evidence and benefits versus harms accounted for 46%; non-GRADE factors accounted for 30% of discussion. The chair, co-chair and methodologist initiated 53% and received 60% of all communications in the meeting; 42% of their communications occurred among themselves. SNA metrics (eigenvector, betweenness and closeness) indicated that these individuals also exerted highest influence on discussion, controlled information flow and were at the center of all communications. Members were more likely to continue previous discussion with the same individuals after both morning breaks (r=0.54, P<0.005; r=0.17, P=0.04), and after the last break on day 2 (r=0.44, P=0.015). CONCLUSION Non-GRADE factors such as breaks, and the members' roles, affect guideline development more than previously recognized. Collectively, the chair, co-chair and methodologist dominated the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaurav Talwar
- Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iztok Hozo
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, IN, USA
| | - Benjamin Djulbegovic
- Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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13
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Djulbegovic B, Hozo I, Li SA, Razavi M, Cuker A, Guyatt G. Certainty of evidence and intervention's benefits and harms are key determinants of guidelines' recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 136:1-9. [PMID: 33662511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many factors are postulated to affect guidelines developments. We set out to identify the key determinants. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING a) Web-based survey of 12 panels of 153 "voting" members who issued 2941 recommendations; b) qualitative analysis of 13 panels of 311 attendees (panel members, systematic review teams and observers). RESULTS Compared with "no recommendations", when intervention's benefit outweigh harms (BH-balance), probability of issuing strong recommendations in favor of intervention was 0.22 (95%CI: 0.08 to 0.36) when certainty of evidence (CoE) was very low; 0.5 (95%CI:0.36 to 0.63) when low; 0.74 (95%CI 0.61 to 0.87) when moderate and 0.85 (95%CI:0.71 to 1.00) when high. No other postulated factor significantly affected recommendations. The findings are consistent with a J- curve model when recommendations are issued in favor but not against an intervention. Panelists often changed their judgments as a result of the meeting discussion (67% for CoE to 92% for balance between benefits and harms). The panels spent over 50% of their time debating CoE; the chairs and co-chairs dominated discussion. CONCLUSIONS CoE and BH-balance are key determinants of recommendations in favor of an intervention. Chairs and co-chairs dominate discussion. Panelists often change their judgments as a result of panel deliberation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Djulbegovic
- Beckman Research Institute, Department of Computational & Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA; Division of Health Analytics, Duarte, CA; Evidence-based Medicine and Comparative Effectiveness Research, Duarte, CA.
| | - Iztok Hozo
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Gary, IN
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Adam Cuker
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Zhao J, Li X, Yan L, Yu Y, Hu J, Li SA, Chen W. The use of theories, frameworks, or models in knowledge translation studies in healthcare settings in China: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33413662 PMCID: PMC7792291 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge translation (KT) theories, frameworks, and models (TFMs) can help guide and explain KT processes, and facilitate the evaluation of implementation outcomes. They play a critical role in conducting KT research and practice. Currently, little is known about the usage of TFMs in KT in Chinese healthcare settings. The aim of this scoping review is to identify which TFMs had been used for KT in healthcare settings in China, and how these TFMs were used. METHODS The protocol for this scoping review is in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework and further enhanced by the recommendations suggested by Levac et al. We will search 8 databases (4 Chinese and 4 English) to identify relevant studies. Four reviewers (2 for Chinese, 2 for English) will independently screen studies based on the eligibility criteria. The basic characteristic of studies and the TFMs utilization (i.e., what, why, and how) will be extracted. Methodological quality and reporting quality will be assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) (or Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence, SQUIRE 2.0 for quality improvement studies), respectively. All the retrieved TFMs will be categorized into Nilsen's classifications of TFMs for KT research. We will employ the qualitative content analysis approach to summarize how these TFMs have been used, and the rationale. A consultation will be conducted through a 1-h interactive virtual meeting with an expert panel of knowledge users. DISCUSSION By conducting this scoping review, we expect to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of why and how TFMs have been used in KT research and practice in China, and to identify gaps and provide recommendations for more efficient and meaningful use of TFMs in the future. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This review has been registered with the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/8NXAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Zhao
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Xuejing Li
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Collaborating Center of Joanna Briggs Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Best Practice Spotlight Organization, Beijing, China
| | - Lijiao Yan
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Collaborating Center of Joanna Briggs Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Best Practice Spotlight Organization, Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Jiale Hu
- Department of Nurse Anesthesia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia USA
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Wenjun Chen
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Center for Research on Health and Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
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15
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Keller AE, Ho J, Whitney R, Li SA, Williams AS, Pollanen MS, Donner EJ. Autopsy-reported cause of death in a population-based cohort of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:472-480. [PMID: 33400291 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a diagnosis of exclusion; the definition includes individuals with epilepsy who die suddenly without an identifiable toxicological or anatomical cause of death. Limited data suggest underidentification of SUDEP as the cause of death on death certificates. Here, we evaluate the autopsy-reported cause of death in a population-based cohort of SUDEP cases. METHODS Case summaries of forensic autopsies conducted in Ontario, Canada between January 2014 and June 2016 were retrospectively screened using a language processing script for decedents with a history of epilepsy or seizures. After manual review for potential SUDEP cases, two neurologists independently examined the autopsy reports and classified deaths by Nashef criteria. Demographic characteristics and consideration by the forensic pathologist of the role of epilepsy, seizure, and SUDEP in death were summarized. RESULTS One hundred and eight Definite, 34 Definite Plus, and 22 Possible SUDEP cases were identified. Seventy-five percent of Definite/Definite Plus SUDEP cases identified by the neurologists were attributed to SUDEP, epilepsy, or seizure disorder in the autopsy report. There was a significant association between the proportion of cases listed in the autopsy report as SUDEP, epilepsy, or seizure disorder and neurologists' SUDEP classification (86% of Definite, 38% of Definite Plus, 0% of Possible). Age was significantly associated with SUDEP classification; Definite cases were younger than Definite Plus, which were younger than Possible SUDEP cases. SIGNIFICANCE Most SUDEP cases identified by neurologists were classified concordantly by forensic pathologists in Ontario, Canada; however, concordance decreased with increased case complexity. Although the role of epilepsy/seizures was considered in most Definite/Definite Plus cases, this study highlights the need for autopsy report review of potential SUDEP cases in research studies and assessments of the public health burden of SUDEP. The relationship between age and SUDEP classification has important public health implications; SUDEP incidence may be underappreciated in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Keller
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Ho
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robyn Whitney
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew S Williams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael S Pollanen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Donner
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Bueno M, Stevens B, Barwick MA, Riahi S, Li SA, Lanese A, Willan AR, Synnes A, Estabrooks CA, Chambers CT, Harrison D, Yamada J, Stinson J, Campbell-Yeo M, Noel M, Gibbins S, LeMay S, Isaranuwatchai W. A cluster randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the Implementation of Infant Pain Practice Change (ImPaC) Resource to improve pain practices in hospitalized infants: a study protocol. Trials 2020; 21:16. [PMID: 31907017 PMCID: PMC6945403 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalized infants undergo multiple painful procedures daily. Despite the significant evidence, procedural pain assessment and management continues to be suboptimal. Repetitive and untreated pain at this vital developmental juncture is associated with negative behavioral and neurodevelopmental consequences. To address this knowledge to practice gap, we developed the web-based Implementation of Infant Pain Practice Change (ImPaC) Resource to guide change in healthcare professionals' pain practice behaviors. This protocol describes the evaluation of the intervention effectiveness and implementation of the Resource and how organizational context influences outcomes. METHODS An effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 design, blending a cluster randomized clinical trial and a mixed-methods implementation study will be used. Eighteen Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) across Canada will be randomized to intervention (INT) or standard practice (SP) groups. NICUs in the INT group will receive the Resource for six months; those in the SP group will continue with practice as usual and will be offered the Resource after a six-month waiting period. Data analysts will be blinded to group allocation. To address the intervention effectiveness, the INT and SP groups will be compared on clinical outcomes including the proportion of infants who have procedural pain assessed and managed, and the frequency and nature of painful procedures. Data will be collected at baseline (before randomization) and at completion of the intervention (six months). Implementation outcomes (feasibility, fidelity, implementation cost, and reach) will be measured at completion of the intervention. Sustainability will be assessed at six and 12 months following the intervention. Organizational context will be assessed to examine its influence on intervention and implementation outcomes. DISCUSSION This mixed-methods study aims to determine the effectiveness and the implementation of a multifaceted online strategy for changing healthcare professionals' pain practices for hospitalized infants. Implementation strategies that are easily and effectively implemented are important for sustained change. The results will inform healthcare professionals and decision-makers on how to address the challenges of implementing the Resource within various organizational contexts. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03825822. Registered 31 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bueno
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Bonnie Stevens
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing & Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 1P8, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Melanie A Barwick
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 3M7, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shirine Riahi
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing & Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 1P8, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexa Lanese
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Andrew R Willan
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 3M7, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Synnes
- University of British Columbia, Pediatrics, Rm. 1N18, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Carole A Estabrooks
- University of Alberta, Edmonton Health Clinic Academy, Rm 5-006 11405 87 Avenue NW, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University and Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, P.O. Box 9700 5850-5980 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Denise Harrison
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Janet Yamada
- Ryerson University, Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Child Health and Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 686 Bay Street, 6th floor, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing & Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 1P8, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marsha Campbell-Yeo
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University and Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, 5869 University Ave, Halifax, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Psychology, Rm. 260, Administration Building, 539 Campus Place NW, T2N 4V8, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Owekro Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sharyn Gibbins
- Trillium Health Partners, Professional Practice, 2200 Eglinton Ave W, Mississauga, Ontario, L5M 2N1, Canada
| | - Sylvie LeMay
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Nursing and CHU Sainte-Justine's Research Centre, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 3M7, Toronto, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
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Acai A, Li SA, Sherbino J, Chan TM. Attending Emergency Physicians' Perceptions of a Programmatic Workplace-Based Assessment System: The McMaster Modular Assessment Program (McMAP). Teach Learn Med 2019; 31:434-444. [PMID: 30835560 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2019.1574581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Construct: The McMaster Modular Assessment Program (McMAP) is a programmatic workplace-based assessment (WBA) system that provides emergency medicine trainees with competency judgments through frequent task-specific and global daily assessments. Background: The longevity of McMAP relative to other programmatic WBA systems affords a unique view that precedes large-scale transitions to competency-based medical education (CBME), particularly in North America. Although prior work has described the perspective of residents using this system, the in-depth experiences of assessors using the system have yet to be explored. This perspective is important for understanding the validity of the competency judgments the system produces. Approach: We conducted a qualitative study that used semi-structured interviews analyzed using interpretive description (Thorne) to explore 16 attending physicians' experiences using McMAP. Data analysis was completed independently by 2 researchers, who met regularly to discuss codes and resolve any disagreements. Results: Having a structured assessment framework for a range of clinical tasks has helped encourage what attendings perceived to be more frequent and better-quality assessments, with the added advantages of being holistic, flexible, and learner-driven. However, attendings also perceived a number of challenges of McMAP and programmatic WBA more broadly. These included a reluctance to give and to document negative feedback, "gaming" of the system by both attendings and residents, and a variety of logistic and technology-related concerns. Conclusions: Based on our findings, we offer several key recommendations that can help programs maximize the benefits of programmatic WBA as they transition to CBME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Acai
- a Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour and Office of Education Science, Department of Surgery, McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- b Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jonathan Sherbino
- c Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, and McMaster Education Research, Innovation and Theory Program, McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Teresa M Chan
- c Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, and McMaster Education Research, Innovation and Theory Program, McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
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18
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Yepes-Nuñez JJ, Li SA, Guyatt G, Jack SM, Brozek JL, Beyene J, Murad MH, Rochwerg B, Mbuagbaw L, Zhang Y, Flórez ID, Siemieniuk RA, Sadeghirad B, Mustafa R, Santesso N, Schünemann HJ. Development of the summary of findings table for network meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 115:1-13. [PMID: 31055177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to develop a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) summary of findings (SoF) table format that displays the critical information from a network meta-analysis (NMA). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We applied a user experience model for data analysis based on four rounds of semistructured interviews. RESULTS We interviewed 32 stakeholders who conduct or use MA. Four rounds of interviews produced six candidate NMA-SoF tables. Users found a final NMA-SoF table that included the following components highly acceptable: (1) details of the clinical question (PICO), (2) a plot depicting network geometry, (3) relative and absolute effect estimates, (4) certainty of evidence, (5) ranking of treatments, and (6) interpretation of findings. CONCLUSION Using stakeholder feedback, we developed a new GRADE NMA-SoF table that includes the relevant components that facilitate understanding NMA findings and health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Yepes-Nuñez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 7 No. 116 - 05, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Susan M Jack
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan L Brozek
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Mayo Clinic, Evidence-Based Practice Center, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ivan D Flórez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Reed A Siemieniuk
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Behnam Sadeghirad
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Reem Mustafa
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nancy Santesso
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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19
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Huth K, Schwartz S, Li SA, Weiser N, Mahant S, Landrigan CP, Spector ND, Starmer AJ, West DC, Coffey M, Bismilla Z. "All the ward's a stage": a qualitative study of the experience of direct observation of handoffs. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2019; 24:301-315. [PMID: 30539343 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-018-9867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct observation of clinical skills is central to assessment in a competency-based medical education model, yet little is known about how direct observation is experienced by trainees and observers. The objective of the study is to explore how direct observation was experienced by residents and faculty in the context of the I-PASS Handoff Study. In this multi-center qualitative study, we conducted focus groups and semi-structured interviews of residents and faculty members at eight tertiary pediatric centers in North America that implemented the I-PASS Handoff Bundle. We employed qualitative thematic analysis to interpret the data. Barriers to and strategies for direct observation were described relating to the observer, trainee, and clinical environment. Residents and faculty described a mutual awareness that residents change their performance of handoffs when observed, in contrast to their usual behavior in a clinical setting. Changes in handoff performance may depend on the nature of the observer or 'audience'. Direct observation also highlighted the importance of handoffs to participants, recognized as a clinical activity that warrants feedback and assessment. Dramaturgical theory can be used to understand our finding of 'front-stage' (observed) versus 'backstage' (unobserved) handoffs as distinct performances, tailored to an "audience". Educators must be cognizant of changes in performance of routine clinical activities when using direct observation to assess clinical competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Huth
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sarah Schwartz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Sanjay Mahant
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher P Landrigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Nancy D Spector
- Office of Faculty Development and the Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amy J Starmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Daniel C West
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maitreya Coffey
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Solutions for Patient Safety, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zia Bismilla
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Muñoz-Velandia O, Guyatt G, Devji T, Zhang Y, Li SA, Alexander PE, Henao D, Gomez AM, Ruiz-Morales Á. Patient Values and Preferences Regarding Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Artificial Pancreas in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Data. Diabetes Technol Ther 2019; 21:183-200. [PMID: 30839227 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2018.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We produced, through a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence, a synthesis of the issues of importance (values and preferences) to adult patients with type 1 diabetes regarding treatment with automated insulin delivery systems. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from the inception of each database through September 2018. We included studies examining patient values and preferences for outcomes related to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or artificial pancreas treatment. We compiled structured summaries of the results and assessed the relative importance of each outcome. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment Development, and Evaluation) and CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approaches provided the structure for the evaluation of the quality of evidence and confidence in the findings. A mixed-methods result-based convergent design provided the structure for integration and presentation of results. RESULTS We reviewed 1665 unique citations; 19 studies (8 quantitative and 11 qualitative) proved eligible. Glycemic control is the key attribute that drives patients' preference. Reduction of glycemic variability and decreased incidence of hypoglycemia and chronic complications proved of intermediate importance and were ranked similarly to components of treatment burden, including the size and appearance of devices, cost, ease of use, and the embarrassment of public use. CONCLUSIONS Clinician guidance may play a crucial role in determining patient values and preferences (for instance, patients' priority in glucose control rather than avoiding diabetic complications). Our results provide guidance for clinicians in discussing preferred insulin delivery systems with patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Muñoz-Velandia
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine and Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- 2 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- 3 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tahira Devji
- 3 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuan Zhang
- 3 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- 4 Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Elías Alexander
- 3 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Henao
- 5 Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana-María Gomez
- 5 Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Ruiz-Morales
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine and Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- 2 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Djulbegovic B, Reljic T, Elqayam S, Cuker A, Hozo I, Zhou Q, Li SA, Alexander P, Nieuwlaat R, Wiercioch W, Schünemann H, Guyatt G. Structured decision-making drives guidelines panels' recommendations "for" but not "against" health interventions. J Clin Epidemiol 2019; 110:23-33. [PMID: 30779950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The determinants of guideline panels' recommendations remain uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate factors considered by members of 8 panels convened by the American Society of Hematology (ASH) to develop guidelines using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Web-based survey of the participants in the ASH guidelines panels. ANALYSIS two-level hierarchical, random-effect, multivariable regression analysis to explore the relation between GRADE and non-GRADE factors and strength of recommendations (SOR). RESULTS In the primary analysis, certainty in evidence [OR = 1.83; (95CI% 1.45-2.31)], balance of benefits and harms [OR = 1.49 (95CI% 1.30-1.69)] and variability in patients' values and preferences [OR = 1.47 (95CI% 1.15-1.88)] proved the strongest predictors of SOR. In a secondary analysis, certainty of evidence was associated with a strong recommendation [OR = 3.60 (95% CI 2.16-6.00)] when panel members recommended "for" interventions but not when they made recommendations "against" interventions [OR = 0.98 (95%CI: 0.57-1.8)] consistent with "yes" bias. Agreement between individual members and the group in rating SOR varied (kappa ranged from -0.01 to 0.64). CONCLUSION GRADE's conceptual framework proved, in general, to be highly associated with SOR. Failure of certainty of evidence to be associated with SOR against an intervention, suggest the need for improvements in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Djulbegovic
- Department of Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, USA; Department of Hematology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Tea Reljic
- Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shira Elqayam
- Department of Medicine, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Adam Cuker
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Iztok Hozo
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University, Gary, IN, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Paul Alexander
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robby Nieuwlaat
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wojtek Wiercioch
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Keller AE, Whitney R, Li SA, Pollanen MS, Donner EJ. Incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in children is similar to adults. Neurology 2018; 91:e107-e111. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in children in Ontario, Canada.MethodsCases of suspected pediatric SUDEP occurring between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015, in Ontario, Canada, were eligible for inclusion. Potential cases were identified through 3 sources: a national pediatrician surveillance program, child neurologist report, and screening of provincial forensic autopsies. Cases were classified as definite, definite plus, probable, possible, and near/near plus according to criteria described by Nashef et al. (Epilepsia 2012). Overall crude pediatric SUDEP incidence and the incidence of definite or probable pediatric SUDEP were calculated using estimates of the prevalence of pediatric epilepsy in Canada drawn from government survey data and the number of children living in Ontario. Capture-recapture analysis was used to estimate the number of missing cases and determine an adjusted definite/probable SUDEP incidence.ResultsSeventeen cases of pediatric SUDEP resulted in an overall incidence of 1.17 (95% confidence interval 0.68–1.88) per 1,000 pediatric epilepsy person-years. The definite/probable incidence, including definite (n = 11), definite plus (n = 2), or probable (n = 3) SUDEP cases, was 1.11 (0.63–1.79). Capture-recapture analysis indicated an estimated 21 (16–39) definite/probable SUDEP cases occurred during the study period, giving an adjusted incidence of definite/probable SUDEP of 1.45 (0.90–2.22) per 1,000 pediatric epilepsy person-years.ConclusionSUDEP may be more common in children than widely reported, with the incidence rate of definite/probable SUDEP in children being similar to rates reported in adults.
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Li SA, Jeffs L, Barwick M, Stevens B. Organizational contextual features that influence the implementation of evidence-based practices across healthcare settings: a systematic integrative review. Syst Rev 2018; 7:72. [PMID: 29729669 PMCID: PMC5936626 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organizational contextual features have been recognized as important determinants for implementing evidence-based practices across healthcare settings for over a decade. However, implementation scientists have not reached consensus on which features are most important for implementing evidence-based practices. The aims of this review were to identify the most commonly reported organizational contextual features that influence the implementation of evidence-based practices across healthcare settings, and to describe how these features affect implementation. METHODS An integrative review was undertaken following literature searches in CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from January 2005 to June 2017. English language, peer-reviewed empirical studies exploring organizational context in at least one implementation initiative within a healthcare setting were included. Quality appraisal of the included studies was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Inductive content analysis informed data extraction and reduction. RESULTS The search generated 5152 citations. After removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, 36 journal articles were included. The majority (n = 20) of the study designs were qualitative, 11 were quantitative, and 5 used a mixed methods approach. Six main organizational contextual features (organizational culture; leadership; networks and communication; resources; evaluation, monitoring and feedback; and champions) were most commonly reported to influence implementation outcomes in the selected studies across a wide range of healthcare settings. CONCLUSIONS We identified six organizational contextual features that appear to be interrelated and work synergistically to influence the implementation of evidence-based practices within an organization. Organizational contextual features did not influence implementation efforts independently from other features. Rather, features were interrelated and often influenced each other in complex, dynamic ways to effect change. These features corresponded to the constructs in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), which supports the use of CFIR as a guiding framework for studies that explore the relationship between organizational context and implementation. Organizational culture was most commonly reported to affect implementation. Leadership exerted influence on the five other features, indicating it may be a moderator or mediator that enhances or impedes the implementation of evidence-based practices. Future research should focus on how organizational features interact to influence implementation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Lianne Jeffs
- St Michael's Hospital Volunteer Association Chair in Nursing Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Institute of Health, Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melanie Barwick
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,The Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bonnie Stevens
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Schiff K, Williams DJ, Pardhan A, Preyra I, Li SA, Chan T. Resident Development via Progress Testing and Test-Marking: An Innovation and Program Evaluation. Cureus 2017; 9:e992. [PMID: 28265528 PMCID: PMC5323028 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since 2008, the McMaster University Royal College Emergency Medicine residency training program has run practice Short Answer Question (SAQ) examinations to help residents test their knowledge and gain practice in answering exam-style questions. However, marking this type of SAQ exam is time-consuming. Methods To help address this problem, we require that senior residents help mark at least one exam per year alongside faculty members. Examinees’ identities are kept anonymous by assigning a random number to each resident, which is only decoded after marking. Aggregation of marks is done by faculty only. The senior residents and faculty members all share sequential marking of each question. Each question is reviewed, and exemplar “best practice” answers are discussed. As novel/unusual answers appear, instantaneous fact-checking (via textbooks, or the internet) and discussions occur allowing for real-time modification to the answer keys as needed. Results A total of 22 out of 37 residents (post graduate year 1 to post graduate year 5 (PGY1 to PGY5)) participated in a recent program evaluation focus group. This evaluation showed that residents feel quite positive about this process. With the anonymization process, residents do not object to their colleagues seeing and marking their answers. Senior residents have found this process informative and have felt that this process helps them gain insight into better “examsmanship.” Conclusions Involving residents in marking short-answer exams is acceptable and perceived as useful experience for improving exam-taking skills. More studies of similar innovations would be required to determine to what extent this may be the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schiff
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University
| | - D Josh Williams
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia
| | - Alim Pardhan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University
| | - Ian Preyra
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University
| | | | - Teresa Chan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Emergency Medicine, McMaster University
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Li SA, Bao L, Chrostowski M. Investigating the Effects of a Personalized, Spectrally Altered Music-Based Sound Therapy on Treating Tinnitus: A Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. Audiol Neurootol 2016; 21:296-304. [PMID: 27838685 DOI: 10.1159/000450745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This blinded, randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of a personalized, spectrally altered music-based sound therapy over 12 months of use. METHOD Two groups of participants (n = 50) were randomized to receive either altered or unaltered classical music. The treatment group received classical music that had been modified based on spectral alterations specific to their tinnitus characteristics. Tinnitus and psychological functioning were assessed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after initial testing using self-reports. Participants, investigators and research assistants were blinded from group assignment. RESULTS Data from 34 participants were analyzed. The treatment group reported significantly lower levels of tinnitus distress (primary outcome, assessed using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory) than the control group throughout the follow-up period. Among the treatment group, there were statistically significant and clinically meaningful levels of reduction in tinnitus distress, severity, and functional impairment at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, which was sustained at the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSION The personalized music therapy was effective in reducing subjective tinnitus and represents a meaningful advancement in tinnitus intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly-Anne Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
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Alexander PE, Li SA, Tonelli M, Guyatt G. Canadian Primary Care Physicians' Attitudes Toward Understanding Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Screening. Can J Diabetes 2016; 40:580-585. [PMID: 27590082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC) produces guidelines for Canadian physicians regarding screening and prevention. To better appreciate the barriers to and facilitators of guideline adherence, we sought to explore physicians' views of guidelines in general and their understanding of this CTFPHC diabetes screening guideline in particular because they pertain to screening and positive treatment. METHODS We included Canadian physicians (N=10) who agreed to be interviewed regarding their use of guidelines as part of practice, focusing on the CTFPHC 2012 diabetes screening guideline. Individual semistructured interviews explored primary care physicians' experiences and perspectives on the use, relevance and feasibility of guidelines as part of practice, approaches to screening for diabetes, and suggestions for improving guidelines. RESULTS Overall, physicians recognized the need for guidelines and the benefits of using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods in the guideline development process. Physicians also noted several barriers to guideline adherence, including the lack of opportunity for physicians to provide input during guideline formulation, insufficient guidance on interpreting GRADE's weak or conditional recommendations, and feasibility issues concerning using risk calculators. The predominant challenge raised by physicians was the unclear guidance for pharmacologic interventions; all respondents were unclear about the guidelines' implicit assumption that screen-positive patients would be treated with statins and aspirin (ASA). CONCLUSIONS These interviews suggest the need for greater clarity in guideline recommendations, including clarification of the quality of evidence ratings and the strength of recommendation grading. Our low participation rate raises the issue of representativeness; replication in samples with greater willingness to participate would be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Alexander
- Health Research Methods (HRM), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Departments of Health Research and Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Alexander PE, Gionfriddo MR, Li SA, Bero L, Stoltzfus RJ, Neumann I, Brito JP, Djulbegovic B, Montori VM, Norris SL, Schünemann HJ, Thabane L, Guyatt GH. A number of factors explain why WHO guideline developers make strong recommendations inconsistent with GRADE guidance. J Clin Epidemiol 2016; 70:111-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Alexander PE, Bonner AJ, Agarwal A, Li SA, Hariharan A, Izhar Z, Bhatnagar N, Alba C, Akl EA, Fei Y, Guyatt GH, Beyene J. Sensitivity subgroup analysis based on single-center vs. multi-center trial status when interpreting meta-analyses pooled estimates: the logical way forward. J Clin Epidemiol 2015; 74:80-92. [PMID: 26597972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior studies regarding whether single-center trial estimates are larger than multi-center are equivocal. We examined the extent to which single-center trials yield systematically larger effects than multi-center trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We searched the 119 core clinical journals and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for meta-analyses (MAs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published during 2012. In this meta-epidemiologic study, for binary variables, we computed the pooled ratio of ORs (RORs), and for continuous outcomes mean difference in standardized mean differences (SMDs), we conducted weighted random-effects meta-regression and random-effects MA modeling. Our primary analyses were restricted to MAs that included at least five RCTs and in which at least 25% of the studies used each of single trial center (SC) and more trial center (MC) designs. RESULTS We identified 81 MAs for the odds ratio (OR) and 43 for the SMD outcome measures. Based on our analytic plan, our primary analysis (core) is based on 25 MAs/241 RCTs (binary outcome) and 18 MAs/173 RCTs (continuous outcome). Based on the core analysis, we found no difference in magnitude of effect between SC and MC for binary outcomes [RORs: 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 1.24; I(2) 20.2%]. Effect sizes were systematically larger for SC than MC for the continuous outcome measure (mean difference in SMDs: -0.13; 95% CI: -0.21, -0.05; I(2) 0%). CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support prior findings of larger effects in SC than MC trials addressing binary outcomes but show a very similar small increase in effect in SC than MC trials addressing continuous outcomes. Authors of systematic reviews would be wise to include all trials irrespective of SC vs. MC design and address SC vs. MC status as a possible explanation of heterogeneity (and consider sensitivity analyses).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Alexander
- Health Research Methods (HRM), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Health Sciences Building (HSB), 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Ashley J Bonner
- Health Research Methods (HRM), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Arnav Agarwal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelly-Anne Li
- Health Research Methods (HRM), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Health Sciences Building (HSB), 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Abishek Hariharan
- Life Sciences IV, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Zain Izhar
- Life Sciences IV, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Neera Bhatnagar
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Carolina Alba
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Division of Cardiology and Heart Transplantation, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elie A Akl
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Center for Systematic Reviews in Health Policy and Systems Research (SPARK), American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yutong Fei
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Health Sciences Building (HSB), 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Gordon H Guyatt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning & Discovery, Room 3208, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; John D. Cameron Endowed Chair in Genetic Epidemiology, McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning & Discovery, Room 3208, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Population Genomics Program, McMaster University, Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning & Discovery, Room 3208, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Li SA, Jack SM, Gonzalez A, Duku E, MacMillan HL. Health care and social service professionals' perceptions of a home-visit program for young, first-time mothers. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2015; 35:160-7. [PMID: 26605565 PMCID: PMC4911137 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.35.8/9.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about health care and social service professionals' perspective on the acceptability of long-term home-visit programs serving low-income, first-time mothers. This study describes the experiences and perspectives of these community care providers involved with program referrals or service delivery to mothers who participated in the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), a targeted nurse home-visit program. METHODS The study included two phases. Phase I was a secondary qualitative data analysis used to analyze a purposeful sample of 24 individual interviews of community care providers. This was part of a larger case study examining adaptations required to increase acceptability of the NFP in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. In Phase II (n = 4), themes identified from Phase I were further explored through individual, semi-structured interviews with community health care and social service providers, giving qualitative description. RESULTS Overall, the NFP was viewed as addressing an important service gap for first-time mothers. Providers suggested that frequent communication between the NFP and community agencies serving these mothers could help improve the referral process, avoid service duplication, and streamline the flow of service access. The findings can help determine key components required to enhance the success of integrating a home-visit program into an existing network of community services. CONCLUSION The function of home-visit programs should not be viewed in isolation. Rather, their potential can be maximized when they collaborate and share information with other agencies to provide better services for first-time mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Jack
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Gonzalez
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Duku
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - H L MacMillan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Mangalindan DMJ, Schmuckler MA, Li SA. The impact of object carriage on independent locomotion. Infant Behav Dev 2014; 37:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Turan VK, Sanchez RI, Li JJ, Li SA, Reuhl KR, Thomas PE, Conney AH, Gallo MA, Kauffman FC, Mesia-Vela S. The effects of steroidal estrogens in ACI rat mammary carcinogenesis: 17beta-estradiol, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 4-hydroxyestradiol, 16alpha-hydroxyestradiol, and 4-hydroxyestrone. J Endocrinol 2004; 183:91-9. [PMID: 15525577 DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.05802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several investigators have suggested that certain hydroxylated metabolites of 17beta-estradiol (E2) are the proximate carcinogens that induce mammary carcinomas in estrogen-sensitive rodent models. The studies reported here were designed to examine the carcinogenic potential of different levels of E2 and the effects of genotoxic metabolites of E2 in an in vivo model sensitive to E2-induced mammary cancer. The potential induction of mammary tumors was determined in female ACI rats subcutaneously implanted with cholesterol pellets containing E2 (1, 2, or 3 mg), or 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH E2), 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH E2), 16alpha-hydroxyestradiol (16alpha-OH E2), or 4-hydoxyestrone (4-OH E1) (equimolar to 2 mg E2). Treatment with 1, 2, or 3 mg E2 resulted in the first appearance of a mammary tumor between 12 and 17 weeks, and a 50% incidence of mammary tumors was observed at 36, 19, and 18 weeks respectively. The final cumulative mammary tumor incidence in rats treated with 1, 2, or 3 mg E2 for 36 weeks was 50%, 73%, and 100% respectively. Treatment of rats with pellets containing 2-OH E2, 4-OH E2, 16alpha-OH E2, or 4-OH E1 did not induce any detectable mammary tumors. The serum levels of E2 in rats treated with a 1 or 3 mg E2 pellet for 12 weeks was increased 2- to 6-fold above control values (approximately 30 pg/ml). Treatment of rats with E2 enhanced the hepatic microsomal metabolism of E2 to E1, but did not influence the 2- or 4-hydroxylation of E2). In summary, we observed a dose-dependent induction of mammary tumors in female ACI rats treated continuously with E2; however, under these conditions 2-OH E2, 4-OH E2, 16alpha-OH E2, and 4-OH E1 were inactive in inducing mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Turan
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Li JJ, Papa D, Li SA. Ectopic uterine stem cell tumors in the hamster kidney. A unique model for estrogen-induced oncogenesis. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2003; 28:321-8. [PMID: 14752402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are intimately involved in the causation of some of the most prevalent cancers afflicting women, particularly, breast, endometrial, cervico-vaginal, and possibly ovarian. Therefore, it has become particularly pertinent to elucidate the molecular mechanisms whereby estrogens elicit their oncogenic actions so that better prevention strategies can be developed. The estrogen-induced Syrian hamster tumors of the kidney have emerged as one of the most intensively studied in vivo models in solely estrogen oncogenesis. An advantage of this model is that the tumors occur in the absence of any intervening morphologic changes, but rather they are the result of the continuous progression of some interstitial stem cells in the kidney leading to tumor formation. Evidence is presented that the origin of these tumors is derived from ectopic "uterine" stem cells, which are responsive to estrogenic hormones. Their steroid receptor and many other gene alterations have been delineated. Importantly, a crucial early event in this solely estrogen-induced oncogenic process is the overexpression and amplification of c-myc and its protein product. Chromosomal instability, in both early and large frank tumors, is another important characteristic of this process. This later feature has commonly been shown in solely estrogen-induced murine mammary tumors, and in ductal carcinomas in situ and in primary invasive ductal breast carcinomas. These changes are considered crucial in eliciting estrogen-induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Li
- Hormonal Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, and the Kansas Cancer Institute University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7312, USA
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Li SA, Weroha SJ, Tawfik O, Li JJ. Prevention of solely estrogen-induced mammary tumors in female aci rats by tamoxifen: evidence for estrogen receptor mediation. J Endocrinol 2002; 175:297-305. [PMID: 12429028 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1750297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that both endogenous and exogenously ingested estrogens play a primary role in sporadic breast cancer causation. To establish further that solely estrogen-induced mammary oncogenesis in female ACI rats is an estrogen receptor (ERalpha)-driven process, we show for the first time that concomitant treatment with the antiestrogen, tamoxifen citrate (TAMc), completely prevents the induction of 17beta-estradiol (E(2))-induced mammary gland tumors (MGTs). This finding is also supported by the reduced mammary gland (MG) lobulo-alveolar development and proliferative activity observed in TAMc+E(2)-treated animals compared with MGs from animals treated with E(2) alone. These data also correlated with a marked decrease in the number of MG cells expressing ERalpha and progesterone receptor (PR) in immunostained MG tissue sections from TAMc+E(2)-treated animals. Additionally, a marked decline in the level of expression of ERalpha 47, 56 and 66 kDa forms, and PR-A and PR-B was seen in TAMc+E(2)-treated MGs, compared with MGs treated solely with E(2). Thus, both ERalpha and PR MG profiles in TAMc+E(2)-treated rats essentially revert to their respective receptor profiles seen in untreated control and TAMc-alone-treated rats. The presence of 56 and 54 kDa isoforms in chronically E(2)-treated MGs and in MGTs respectively may contribute to fostering the enhanced E(2)-dependent growth response of both precursor and frank MGT epithelial cells. These findings are consistent with an ERalpha/PR-mediated mg cell proliferation, a prerequisite for generating the high frequency of chromosomal instability seen in E(2)-induced ductal carcinomas in situ and primary MGTs in female ACI rats reported by us previously.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Body Weight
- Cell Division/physiology
- Estradiol/blood
- Estradiol/physiology
- Estrogen Receptor alpha
- Estrogen Receptor beta
- Female
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Radioimmunoassay
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred ACI
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Li
- Division of Etiology and Prevention of Hormonal Cancers, Kansas Cancer Institute and The Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7417, USA.
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Kinuta M, Ohta J, Yamada H, Kinuta K, Abe T, Li SA, Otsuka A, Nakanishi A, Takei K. Determination of S-[2-carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]glutathione, a novel metabolite of L-histidine, in tissue extracts from sunlight-irradiated rat by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:3365-70. [PMID: 11669511 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:16<3365::aid-elps3365>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the skin to sunlight results in an increase in the content of epidermal urocanic acid, a key metabolite of L-histidine, and some portions of the metabolite penetrate into the body fluid. S-[2-Carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]glutathione (GS(CIE)), an adduct of glutathione and urocanic acid, was proposed to be an origin of a urinary compound, S-[2-carboxy-1-(1 H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]-L-cysteine (Cys(CIE)). Various catabolites of Cys(CIE) were also isolated from human urine previously. However, no direct evidence to show the existence of GS(CIE) as a biological material had been found. By using capillary electrophoresis, the glutathione adduct has now been found in the extracts of rat tissues from the kidney, liver, skin and blood when the rat was kept under conditions of sunlight irradiation after the fur on the dorsal skin had been clipped. On the other hand, no or a trace of GS(CIE) was determined in rat tissue extracts when the animal was kept indoor in usual manner. The glutathione adduct was isolated from the kidney extract of the sunlight-irradiated rat using ion-exchangers and high-voltage paper electrophoresis, and determined by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. These results indicate that GS(CIE) formation actually occurs in the body and that the formation is accelerated by exposing the rat to sunlight irradiation. From these findings, we propose an alternative pathway of histidine metabolism which is initiated by the adduction of urocanic acid to glutathione to form GS(CIE) and terminates with the formation of the urinary compounds via Cys(CIE).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kinuta
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Japan.
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Li JJ, Weroha SJ, Davis MF, Tawfik O, Hou X, Li SA. ER and PR in renomedullary interstitial cells during Syrian hamster estrogen-induced tumorigenesis: evidence for receptor-mediated oncogenesis. Endocrinology 2001; 142:4006-14. [PMID: 11517180 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.9.8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-induced and -dependent Syrian hamster renal tumor is the most intensively studied model in estrogen carcinogenesis. Yet, it remains confounding that the kidney of this species behaves as an estrogen target tissue. As both reproductive and urinary systems arise from the same germinal ridge, we propose that some of the germinal cells, normally destined for the uterus, migrate and establish themselves in the renal corticomedullary region in this hamster strain. These ectopically located germinal cells remain dormant unless exposed to estrogen. Supporting this contention, a subset of renal interstitial cells, primarily located in the corticomedullary region, express PR after only 2 wk and ER alpha after 1.5--3.0 months of estrogen treatment. As treatment continues, groups of cells of the renal interstitium and small and large renal tumors show ER alpha(+) and PR(+) staining. Although ER alpha and PR isoform profiles in estrogen-treated hamster kidneys are distinctly different from corresponding uterine patterns, both receptor isoform profiles in primary renal tumors closely resemble those seen in hamster uteri. Renal ER alpha protein and mRNA expression increased after 2.0 and 4.0 months of estrogen treatment and in all renal tumors examined. Using nuclear image cytometry, both early small and large renal tumors were highly aneuploid, indicating that genomic instability is probably a critical early event in estrogen carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Li
- Hormonal Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Division of Etiology and Prevention of Hormonal Cancers, Kansas Cancer Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7312, USA.
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Liao DZ, Hou X, Bai S, Li SA, Li JJ. Unusual deregulation of cell cycle components in early and frank estrogen-induced renal neoplasias in the Syrian hamster. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:2167-73. [PMID: 11133805 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.12.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that estrogens are involved in the etiology, promotion and progression of a variety of cancers, including the cancers of the breast and endometrium. The Syrian hamster estrogen-induced, estrogen-dependent renal neoplasm is a well-established animal model used to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in solely estrogen-induced carcinogenic processes. G(1) cell cycle progression was studied in estrogen-induced early renal tumor foci and in large kidney tumors of castrated male hamsters. Levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E and retinoblastoma (pRb) proteins were higher in these renal neoplasias than in adjacent uninvolved renal tissue and kidneys from untreated, age-matched animals. Of particular interest is the presence of a predominant 35 kDa cyclin E protein variant form in primary renal tumors. In addition, amounts of the phosphorylated forms of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk) 2 and 4 were decreased, and both RNA and protein levels of p27(kip1) (p27), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, were markedly higher in early and frank renal tumors than in adjacent uninvolved renal tissue and kidneys of untreated, age-matched animals. These changes in cell cycle components coincided with a rise in renal tumor cell proliferation. Binding of the elevated p27 protein to cyclin E, cdk2 and cdk4, however, was not impaired, suggesting that this cell cycle suppressor protein is functional. In addition, cyclin D1-, cdk2-, cdk4- and cyclin E-associated kinase activities were also lower in these estrogen-induced renal neoplasms than in untreated, age-matched kidneys. Interestingly, when compared with untreated kidney tissue, early and frank renal neoplasms had less of the 62 kDa native form of E2F1 and contained a 57 kDa variant form. Thus we have characterized an unusual deregulation of the cell cycle during estrogen-induced renal tumorigenesis in Syrian hamsters which still allows for estrogen-driven kidney tumor cell proliferation and may contribute to the early genomic instability found.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Liao
- Hormonal Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Division of Etiology and Prevention of Hormonal Cancers, Kansas Cancer Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, 66160-7412, USA
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Li JJ, Hou X, Banerjee SK, Liao DZ, Maggouta F, Norris JS, Li SA. Overexpression and amplification of c-myc in the Syrian hamster kidney during estrogen carcinogenesis: a probable critical role in neoplastic transformation. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2340-6. [PMID: 10344741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
An estrogen receptor-driven, multistep process for estrogen carcinogenesis in the Syrian hamster kidney is proposed. Because in this species the reproductive and urogenital tracts arise from the same embryonic germinal ridge, it is evident that the kidney has carried over genes that are responsive to estrogens. Using in situ hybridization, overexpression of early estrogen-response genes, i.e., c-myc and c-fos, has been shown to be localized preferentially in early renal tumor foci after 3.5-4.0 months of estrogen treatment. This event coincides with an increased number of S-phase proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeled cells in these tumor foci, along with a rapid rise in aneuploid frequency in the kidney. Western blot analyses of c-MYC and c-FOS protein products support the overexpression of these genes. Amplification of c-myc, 2.4-3.6-fold, but not of c-fos, was detected in 67% of the primary renal tumors examined, by Southern blot analyses. Consistent chromosomal gains, common to both diethylstilbestrol- and estradiol-induced renal neoplasms, were observed in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, (6), 11, (13), 16, 20, and 21 (chromosome number alterations are indicated in parentheses). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, the c-myc gene was localized to hamster chromosome 6qb. Chromosome 6 exhibited a high frequency of trisomies and tetrasomies in the kidney after 5.0 months of estrogen treatment and in primary renal tumors. The data presented indicate that estrogen-induced genomic instability may be a key element in carcinogenic processes induced by estrogens.
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MESH Headings
- Aneuploidy
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosome Mapping
- Cocarcinogenesis
- Cricetinae
- Diethylstilbestrol/toxicity
- Estrogens
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, fos
- Genes, myc
- In Situ Hybridization
- Karyotyping
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney Cortex/drug effects
- Kidney Cortex/metabolism
- Kidney Cortex/pathology
- Kidney Medulla/drug effects
- Kidney Medulla/metabolism
- Kidney Medulla/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Mesocricetus/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Orchiectomy
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/physiology
- S Phase
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Li
- University of Kansas Cancer Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7312, USA.
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Liao DZ, Pantazis CG, Hou X, Li SA. Promotion of estrogen-induced mammary gland carcinogenesis by androgen in the male Noble rat: probable mediation by steroid receptors. Carcinogenesis 1998; 19:2173-80. [PMID: 9886575 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/19.12.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposure is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. In some studies, elevated serum testosterone levels have also been linked to an increased breast cancer risk. Estrogen alone or combined with progesterone induces high mammary tumor incidences in various strains of both male and female rats. Mammary gland ductal adenocarcinomas were induced after 17beta-estradiol (E2) and testosterone propionate (TP) treatment in male Noble rats. Tumor incidence was 100% after 8-9 months of treatment. Such neoplasms were not detected after either estrogen or androgen exposure alone within this time period. TP alone caused disruption of mammary gland ducts and proliferation of stromal tissue, while E2 treatment alone induced both ductal epithelial growth and nodular atypical hyperplasia. To study the interaction of these hormones in mammary tumorigenesis, sex hormone receptors were characterized in mammary glands of Noble rats. Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) was detected in age-matched, untreated mammary gland epithelium; in most early atypical hyperplastic lesions appearing after E2 and E2 + TP treatment and in E2 + TP-induced mammary tumors. Two major ER putative isoforms, 116 and 120 kDa, were detected in E2- and E2 + TP-treated mammary glands, and in the induced tumors. A 54 kDa ER protein was found in untreated and TP-treated mammary glands, and in the induced tumors. Both progesterone receptor-B (PR-B) and PR-A2, as well as androgen receptor-B (AR-B) and AR-A isoforms were markedly elevated in all E2 + TP-induced mammary tumors. However, the levels of both PR and AR were very low in mammary glands of E2- and E2 + TP-treated male rats. Low and moderate levels of AR and PR, respectively, were detected in most atypical hyperplastic lesions induced by E2- and E2 + TP-treated mammary glands. These results suggest that androgens may interact with either AR or PR, and perhaps both receptors, in E2 + TP-induced mammary glands and the induced tumors to effect the reduction in latency period, enhance tumor size, and increase incidence to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Z Liao
- Hormonal Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Division of Etiology and Prevention of Hormonal Cancers, Kansas Cancer Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7312, USA
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Ma JJ, Li SA. [Correlation of nitric oxide and gastric ulcer]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1998; 29:260-3. [PMID: 12501649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Li JJ, Hou X, Bentel J, Yazlovitskaya EM, Li SA. Prevention of estrogen carcinogenesis in the hamster kidney by ethinylestradiol: some unique properties of a synthetic estrogen. Carcinogenesis 1998; 19:471-7. [PMID: 9525282 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/19.3.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethinylestradiol (EE) has evident paradoxical effects on cancer risk for human breast and hepatic cancer which parallel in some respects its effects on estrogen-induced neoplasms in the hamster kidney and liver. EE has been shown to be only weakly carcinogenic in the hamster kidney, but the most potent carcinogenic estrogen in the hamster liver following prolonged treatment. Unexpectedly, when EE and potent carcinogenic estrogens, such as diethylstilbestrol (DES), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and Moxestrol (MOX), are administered concomitantly, estrogen-induced carcinogenesis in the kidney is completely prevented. In studying this novel finding, we found that, compared with E2 exposure alone, EE at 0.05 and 1.0 nM significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the rise in proliferation of cultured primary hamster proximal renal tubular (PRT) cells in the presence of E2 (1.0 nM). Consistent with these findings, combined EE + DES treatment for 5.0 months reduced hamster kidney c-myc, c-fos and c-jun RNA expression to 43, 37 and 52%, respectively, compared with levels observed after DES treatment alone. Interestingly, TAM + DES treatment for the same period also resulted in the same low level of RNA expression of these proto-oncogenes. c-MYC, c-FOS and c-JUN protein products were comparably reduced after either EE + DES or TAM + DES treatment. It appears that c-fos expression and c-FOS protein levels in the hamster kidney were more responsive to TAM inhibition. These data demonstrate that EE possesses unique anti-tumorigenic properties in vivo in the hamster kidney. Additionally, the observed anti-estrogen-like effect of EE on cell proliferation of cultured PRT cells suggests that EE may interfere critically with estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mitogenic pathway(s) affected by potent carcinogenic estrogens, thus preventing subsequent gene dysregulation and, hence, tumor development. Based on competition studies, the differential binding of EE to hamster kidney ER relative to that of the other estrogens (E2, DES, MOX) appears not to contribute to the prevention of estrogen carcinogenesis at this organ site by EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Li
- Kansas Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7312, USA.
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Li SA, Liao DZ, Yazlovitskaya EM, Pantazis CG, Li JJ. Induction of cathepsin D protein during estrogen carcinogenesis: possible role in estrogen-mediated kidney tubular cell damage. Carcinogenesis 1997; 18:1375-80. [PMID: 9230283 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/18.7.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have proposed that an early step in estrogen carcinogenesis in the hamster kidney is tubular damage followed by reparative cell proliferation. This tubular injury is progressive and increases in severity with continued estrogen treatment; one pertinent feature is a marked rise in the number of both secondary and tertiary lysosomes. Data presented herein indicate that cathepsin D, an estrogen-responsive lysosomal proteolytic enzyme, is increased in the kidney following estrogen treatment in the hamster. Three isoforms of cathepsin D were detected in estrogen-treated kidneys, 52, 31, and 27 kDa, the major being 52 kDa. At 1 and 3 months of estrogen treatment, 52-kDa cathepsin D content increased 1.4- to 1.6-fold. These changes coincided with a rise in renal estrogen receptor levels during the same estrogen treatment periods. More pronounced rises in cathepsin D levels, 2.7- and 3.5-fold, were seen after 4 and 5 months of estrogen treatment, respectively. A concomitant, 3.0- to 4.0-fold rise in estrogen receptor content was also observed. At 5 months of estradiol or DES treatment, both 27- and 31-kDa isoforms were present in hamster kidneys, in addition to the 52-kDa form. Neither progesterone nor DHT treatment affected the untreated levels of cathepsin D. Interestingly, either concomitant tamoxifen or DHT and estrogen treatment prevented the rise in cathepsin D and estrogen receptor content observed after estrogen treatment alone. Primary estrogen-induced renal tumors and their metastases exhibited markedly elevated levels of all three isoforms of cathepsin D. Immunohistochemical analysis of cathepsin D in kidney sections confirmed the Western blot findings. These data suggest a novel role for estrogen-induced cathepsin D in the hamster kidney during tumorigenesis; that is, mediating renal tubular damage as a prelude to reparative cell proliferation, thus initiating a multi-step estrogen-driven process which leads to renal tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Li
- Kansas Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7312, USA
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Maggouta F, Li SA, Li JJ, Norris JS. Glutathione S-transferase Yc cDNA from Syrian hamster kidney. Biochem J 1997; 323 ( Pt 1):147-9. [PMID: 9173874 PMCID: PMC1218287 DOI: 10.1042/bj3230147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding alpha-class glutathione S-transferase Yc (GSTYc) has been isolated from a Syrian hamster kidney library, and its nucleotide sequence (968 bp) has been determined. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed a high level of identity between Syrian hamster GSTYc, rat GST Yc1 and Yc2 and mouse GSTYc. Northern-blot experiments demonstrated that Syrian hamster GSTYc expression is tissue-specific. A GSTYc mRNA of approx. 1 kb is expressed in liver, kidney, vas deferens and epididymis. Expression of the GSTYc transcript was not detected in testis or uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Maggouta
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Hou X, Li JJ, Chen W, Li SA. Estrogen-induced proto-oncogene and suppressor gene expression in the hamster kidney: significance for estrogen carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 1996; 56:2616-20. [PMID: 8653706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic administration of estrogen to male Syrian hamsters for 7.0 to 9.0 months induces a high frequency of estrogen-dependent renal cancers. We have proposed a sequential multistage scheme involving tubular cell damage, regenerative cell proliferation, aneuploidy, chromosomal imbalance, genetic instability, gene alteration, and amplification as essential steps for estrogen carcinogenesis in this model. A systematic study was undertaken to assess the expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes, c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun, and suppressor genes, p53 and WT-1, by Northern blot analysis to further support this scheme. Hamster kidney RNA, taken at monthly intervals (1.0 to 6.0 months) from diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated castrated male hamsters and corresponding age-matched untreated controls was used in these studies, as well as primary estrogen-induced renal tumor RNA, for reference. Although no significant changes in the expression of these proto-oncogenes were detected in the first 4 months of estrogen treatment relative to age-matched controls, 2.1-kb c-myc expression was elevated 2.8- and 4.1-fold at 5.0 and 6.0 months, respectively. Moreover, the expression of 2.2-kb c-fos transcript rose 4.6- and 4.8-fold; and 3.2- and 2.7-kb c-jun expression increased 2.8- and 5.1-fold at these same respective estrogen treatment time intervals. Tumor suppressor gene expression, p53 and WT-1, was also evaluated in similar estrogen-exposed hamsters. Although no significant changes were found in hamster kidney p53 expression in the first 5.0 months of DES treatment, it rose 1.8-fold at 6.0 months of estrogen treatment and more than 2.0-fold in the primary renal tumor. In contrast, no detectable changes in WT-1 expression were found during the first 6.0 months of DES treatment. However, a dramatic 7.0-fold increase in WT-1 expression was observed in the primary renal tumor. It is evident that two WT-1 transcripts reside in the hamster kidney; a lower molecular weight transcript was found in the normal adult kidney, and a higher molecular weight 3.2-kb transcript was observed in the renal tumor, similar to that seen in the newborn mouse kidney. In summary, the estrogen-induced inappropriate gene expression, including p53, reported herein, is consistent with the view that the elevations seen in gene expression contribute to proliferative advantages of certain proximal tubular interstitial cells necessary for estrogen-driven tumor formation in the hamster.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hou
- Division of Etiology and Prevention of Hormonal Cancers, Kansas Cancer Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7412, USA
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Maggouta F, Li SA, Li JJ, Norris JS. Assignment of the mu-class glutathione S-transferase gene (hGSTYBX) to Syrian hamster chromosome 15 by FISH. Mamm Genome 1996; 7:469-70. [PMID: 8662237 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Maggouta
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina 29425, USA
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Li JJ, Li SA, Oberley TD, Parsons JA. Carcinogenic activities of various steroidal and nonsteroidal estrogens in the hamster kidney: relation to hormonal activity and cell proliferation. Cancer Res 1995; 55:4347-51. [PMID: 7671246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of estrogens has been associated with an increased risk of some of the most predominant, as well as less prevalent, cancers in women. The estrogen-induced renal tumor is one of the primary animal models to evaluate the carcinogenic properties of estrogens. Correlations were made with various estrogens by using parameters of estrogenicity end points such as competitive binding, progesterone receptor induction, and alterations in prolactin levels; in vitro renal proximal cell proliferation; and in vivo estrogen-induced carcinogenicity. The most potent estrogens were Moxestrol (MOX), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and 17 beta-estradiol, followed by indenestrol B, 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone, and 11 beta-methoxyestradiol with moderate estrogenic activities, whereas 11 beta-methylestradiol, 17 alpha-estradiol, indanestrol, and deoxoestrone were all relatively weaker. As expected, hydrolyzed Premarin (unconjugated estrogens) was strongly estrogenic. Of the estrogens tested, MOX was the most potent carcinogenic estrogen in the hamster kidney. Both 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone and 11 beta-methoxyestradiol induced intermediate tumor incidences with distinctly lower frequencies of renal tumor foci compared to the most potent carcinogenic estrogens. However, hamsters treated for 9.0 months with 11 beta-methylestradiol, 17 alpha-estradiol, deoxoestrone, and indanestrol exhibited no tumors. In contrast, treatment with estrone, equilin plus d-equilenin, and hydrolyzed Premarin for the same time period resulted in 100% renal tumor incidences and numerous tumor foci. Cell proliferation studies of cultured hamster kidney proximal tubule cells were carried out at varying estrogen concentrations (0.01-100 nM). Exposure to MOX resulted in consistently high renal cell proliferative response over a concentration range of 0.1-10 nM. Strongly carcinogenic estrogens such as estrone had a maximal renal cell proliferation response (2.4-fold above untreated control levels) between 0.1 and 10 nM, DES and 17 beta-estradiol responded at 1.0 nM, and 4-hydroxyestradiol responded at 10 nM. Interestingly, exposure to ethinylestradiol, a potent estrogen, at similar or higher doses as those used for DES and 17 beta-estradiol, yielded only a 10% renal tumor incidence and induced only a 1.7-fold increase in proximal tubule cell proliferation. In contrast, 17 alpha-estradiol, deoxoestrone, indanestrol, and 11 beta-methylestradiol, all weakly estrogenic and noncarcinogenic agents, had relatively little effect on tubule cell proliferation. The hydrolyzed Premarin exhibited a maximal 2.0-fold cell proliferative response at 10 nM. The present results provide clear evidence that, in the hamster kidney, the degree of carcinogenicity of a given estrogen correlates with its ability to induce proximal tubule cell proliferation in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Li
- Hormonal Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Unviversity of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City 66160-7312, USA
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Barrera M, Li SA, Chassin L. Effects of parental alcoholism and life stress on Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Caucasian adolescents: a prospective study. Am J Community Psychol 1995; 23:479-507. [PMID: 8546108 DOI: 10.1007/bf02506965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Investigated ethnicity and parental alcoholism as factors that might influence the stress vulnerability of adolescents. It extended an initial cross-sectional study of this same sample by adding two annual assessments which allowed for additional cross-sectional analyses and longitudinal tests. Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents (N = 306 at Time 1) completed measures of their own life stress, family conflict, and alcohol use. Their parents reported on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Cross-sectional analyses at Time 2, and prospective analyses involving Time 1 and Time 2 measures were, for the most part, consistent with the original study's results. Caucasian adolescents and children of alcoholic parents appeared to be more vulnerable to stress than Hispanic adolescents and children of nonalcoholic parents. Family conflict was a partial explanation for this increased vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barrera
- Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104, USA
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Abstract
Estrogens, both natural and synthetic, have been implicated in carcinogenesis at different organ sites in a variety of animals, including man, for more than six decades. However, the molecular mechanism(s) involved in the carcinogenic action of estrogens still remains both controversial and elusive. Cytogenetic damage in the hamster kidney has been studied after in vivo treatment with either potent or weak estrogens for varying periods. Compared to age-matched untreated control, diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment resulted in significant increases in the number of chromatid gaps and breaks, chromosome breaks, and endoreduplicated cells in hamster renal cortical cells. These chromosomal aberrations (CA) were cumulative with continued hormone exposure from 1.0 to 5.0 months. However, chromosome exchanges as a result of the breaks were not elevated. After 5.0 months of hormone treatment, potent estrogens such as 17 beta-estradiol and Moxestrol exhibited similar frequencies of CA in the hamster kidney to that found for DES, whereas weak estrogens such as 17 alpha-estradiol and beta-dienestrol exhibited CA frequencies that were not significantly different from untreated levels. Ethinylestradiol treatment for a similar period resulted in significant increases in chromatid gaps, although these did not evolve into increases in either chromatid or chromosome breaks, and in a rise in endoreduplicated cells. These results raise the possibility that the CA generated after estrogen treatment may be involved in renal tumorigenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Banerjee
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Kansas City
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Abstract
The estrogen-induced renal tumor in the hamster has emerged as a major animal model in hormonal carcinogenesis. However, a fundamental aspect of this experimental model has as yet not been investigated. In the present study, comparisons between the serum and tissue 17 beta-estradiol (E2) levels in cyclic female hamsters and corresponding hormone levels in E2-treated castrated male hamsters have been made. Data is provided concerning the concentration of estrogenic hormones in the serum and target tissue typically required to elicit renal tumorigenesis in this species. Serum E2 levels in the cyclic female hamster average 79 pg/ml on days 1-2 and 311 pg/ml on days 3-4, attaining a maximum of 358 pg/ml on day 4 of the cycle. Elevation in uterine, renal and hepatic E2 tissue levels during days 3-4 of the cycle reflect increases in serum E2 levels which were 3.0-, 2.0-, and 2.6-fold higher when compared to day 1 of the cycle in these tissues. As expected, serum E2 levels of untreated castrated male hamsters did not appreciably vary over a 6 month period of aging and averaged about 32 pg/ml. Under conditions which produced essentially 100% renal tumor incidence, a rapid rise in serum E2 levels, averaging 71.0-fold higher than untreated castrated levels, was seen. A steady state serum E2 level of 2400 to 2700 pg/ml was maintained from 45-180 days of continuous estrogen treatment. Compared to kidneys of untreated hamsters, renal E2 levels in E2-treated hamsters rose only on average 5.4-fold between 15-180 days of hormone exposure. Serum levels of E2-treated hamsters were 5.7- to 8.0-fold higher than those observed in cyclic female hamsters on days 3 and 4. However, at these higher E2-treated serum levels there was no apparent effect either on weight loss or mortality of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Li
- Division of Etiology & Prevention of Hormonal Cancers, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7312
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Li JJ, Gonzalez A, Banerjee S, Banerjee SK, Li SA. Estrogen carcinogenesis in the hamster kidney: role of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation. Environ Health Perspect 1993; 101 Suppl 5:259-264. [PMID: 8013417 PMCID: PMC1519447 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.93101s5259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Both natural and synthetic estrogens are capable of inducing renal neoplasms in Syrian hamsters with an incidence approaching 100%. Neither the sequence of events nor the mechanisms involved in estrogen carcinogenesis in this model have been established. Results presented here indicate that estrogen induces renal tubular damage in the hamster kidney that is progressive and cumulative. Tubular injury was evident both as abnormal or lost microvilli, accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, vacuolization, and increases in secondary and tertiary lysosomes after 1.5 months of diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment. Increasing tubular damage was evidence by the detachment of tubular cells, cell debris, and occluded renal tubular lumens. In an effort to repair proximal tubular damage in the hamster kidney elicited by estrogens, a 4.0-fold increase in proximal tubule BrdU labeling was evident at 4 months of DES or 17 beta-estradiol (E2) treatment and in earlier estrogen treatment periods (1-3 months). During this period, there was a significant increase in aneuploid cells in the hamster kidney, the near diploid frequency increased more than 6.0-fold, and the near tetraploid frequency increased at least 3.0-fold between 1.5 and 3.5 months of estrogen treatment. Based on these data, the early sequence of events leading to estrogen-induced renal neoplastic transformation in the hamster is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Li
- Hormonal Carcinogenesis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6510
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Barrera M, Li SA, Chassin L. Ethnic group differences in vulnerability to parental alcoholism and life stress: a study of Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian adolescents. Am J Community Psychol 1993; 21:15-35. [PMID: 8213646 DOI: 10.1007/bf00938205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tested Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents' vulnerability to parental alcoholism and life stress. Sixty-nine Hispanic and 237 Caucasian adolescents completed measures of life stress, social support, and alcohol use. Their parents reported on the adolescents' psychological symptoms and their own alcohol and substance use. Parental alcoholism and life stress were related to almost all indicators of adolescents' psychological distress and alcohol use. In addition, results showed some evidence that Caucasian adolescents were more vulnerable to the effects of life stress and parental alcoholism than Hispanics. Neither social support nor the higher substance use of Caucasian parents provided a good explanation for this differential vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barrera
- Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104
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