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Domoto S, Azuma T, Hayakawa M, Yamagata A, Isomura S, Niinami H. Aligning Orifice of the Renal Artery with Fish-Mouth FIXation Technique During Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair for Hostile Neck Anatomy. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2023; 57:236-243. [PMID: 36445850 DOI: 10.1177/15385744221143658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: As the success of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) depends on sufficient proximal fixation of the endograft to the aortic wall, the proximal hostile neck anatomy (HNA) is the major potential treatment-limiting factor in EVAR. The Aorfix endovascular stent graft was designed to operate on highly angulated aortic necks. The Aligning Orifice of the Renal artery with fish-mouth FIXation (AORFIX) technique uniquely and accurately aligns the trough part of the proximal stent end with the orifice of the lower renal artery and is used to optimize the proximal fish-mouth design for maximum proximal seal use. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the AORFIX technique for EVAR in patients with HNA. Methods: Eighty-one consecutive patients who underwent EVAR with the AORFIX technique (+AORFIX technique group, n = 16) and without (standard group, n = 65) were evaluated. The HNA was defined as any of the following: neck angulation ≥60°, neck length ≤15 mm, or neck thrombus or calcification ≥50% of the circumference and conical neck. Results: Each HNA criterion was similar between the two groups. However, the average number of HNA criteria was significantly higher in the +AORFIX technique group (1.9 ± .2 vs. 1.3 ± .1; P < .01). The two groups showed 100% procedural success. The concurrent renal angioplasty and stenting rates (88% vs. 4.6%; P < .01) were significantly higher in the +AORFIX technique group. There were no 30-day deaths in either group and no in-hospital device-related events in the +AORFIX technique group. The median follow-up period was 39 months, and there was no significant between-group difference in freedom from reintervention rate (+AORFIX group vs. standard group, 100% vs. 91.0%; P = .327). Conclusion: EVAR using the AORFIX technique might be useful even in patients with more complex HNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Domoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Japan
| | - Takashi Azuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Japan
| | - Minako Hayakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamagata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Japan
| | - Shogo Isomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niinami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-Ku, Japan
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2
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Isomura S, Ohno H, Yamaki F, Yamamoto H, Kasai E. [Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction after Mitral Valve Replacement:Report of a Case]. Kyobu Geka 2022; 75:111-113. [PMID: 35249086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) after mitral valve replacement (MVR). A 67-year-old woman with a history of blood transfusion( BT) was admitted for MVR. Preoperative laboratory test proved to be negative for irregular antibodies except anti-Dia. She underwent MVR using a mechanical prosthesis and compatible blood products were transfused perioperatively. On post-operative day 13, she developed hemoglobinuria and anemia with elevated serum total bilirubin and lactic dehydrogenase levels. Transesophageal echocardiography showed trivial transvalvular leakage. Laboratory test successfuly identified another irregular antibody, anti-Jkb antibody. The patient had Jkb negative BT and did not need re-operation. Later, she recovered with no signs of hemolysis. Since anti-Jkb antibody gets undetectable within a few months, it is difficult to find out before surgery. As hemolysis following cardiac surgery is more commonly associated with prostheses and extracorporeal circulation than DHTR. Physicians should, however, be aware of this unusual complication especially in patients who underwent BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Isomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nagano Chuo Hospital, Nagano, Japan
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3
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Isomura S, Azuma T, Yokoi Y, Domoto S, Niinami H. Modified Candy-Plug Device for the Dilated False Lumen Occlusion - is a Candle Better than a Candy? Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 114:e219-e221. [PMID: 34953785 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The AFX stent graft has an active seal mechanism, which can conform to an irregular vascular lumen. We modified the candy-plug technique using an AFX VERA suprarenal extension with restricted purse-string sutures to shape it into a candle-like contraption. We treated two patients with patent, dilated false lumina (FL) after central aortic repair using this technique. This plug was deployed into the FL to block retrograde blood flow proximally. Partial or complete thrombosis of the FL was observed in both patients six months after surgery. This technique was feasible for FL occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Isomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takashi Azuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yokoi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Domoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niinami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hayakawa M, Domoto S, Azuma T, Isomura S, Jujo K, Otsuki H, Yamaguchi J, Hagiwara N, Niinami H. [Retrieval of the Ruptured Balloon during Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement without Complications:Report of a Case]. Kyobu Geka 2021; 74:130-133. [PMID: 33976019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 77-year-old man with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) via femoral artery for severe aortic stenosis(AS). Preoperative computed tomography(CT) showed there was mild calcification at the sino-tubular junction(STJ). Sapien 3 was implanted successfully, but at the end of full inflation, the balloon ruptured. The ruptured balloon was retrieved without any remnants or vascular injury. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed adequate valve deployment. TAVR with its less invasiveness has become an alternative treatment for high risk patients who cannot endure surgical aortic valve replacement(SAVR). Although there are several complications related to TAVR, they can be predicted in many cases by analysis of preoperative imaging. In this case, the rupture of the balloon was not predicted because there was no significant calcification at the STJ. Caution should be taken even though there seems to be low risk of complications by preoperative imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Hayakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Sawa S, Saito S, Azuma T, Morita K, Isomura S, Nakamae K, Niinami H. [Hybrid Treatment for Left Internal Thoracic Artery-Pulmonary Artery Fistula with Aneurysm Complicated with Mitral Regurgitation:Report of a Case]. Kyobu Geka 2021; 74:152-155. [PMID: 33976024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 78-year-old man with mitral regurgitation incidentally diagnosed with aneurysm of the left internal thoracic artery(LITA) and several internal thoracic artery-pulmonary artery( ITA-PA) fistulas originating from the aneurysm. To prevent rupture of the aneurysm, ITA ligation was performed during surgery for the mitral valve. Because of the complex anatomy surrounding the aneurysm, the main duct of the ITA was ligated at the peripheral and center of the aneurysm, then arterial fistulae were resected as many as possible. Postoperative computed tomography (CT), however, showed patent LITA and contrast material in the aneurysm. Second stage coil embolization procedure was performed with successful results. Intravascular treatment is effective for ITA aneurysms or ITA-PA fistulae because we can clearly visualize and confirm blood flow during operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Takada T, Jujo K, Konami Y, Otsuki H, Tanaka K, Saito C, Isomura S, Domoto S, Yamaguchi J, Niinami H, Hagiwara N. Effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Renal Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Cardiol 2020; 126:82-88. [PMID: 32327190 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) theoretically increases cardiac output and renal blood flow, and renal function (RF) recovers in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). However, procedural steps of TAVI including contrast use potentially damage RF. Data describing RF improvements after TAVI in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are lacking. We aimed to determine preoperative predictors of RF improvement after TAVI in severe AS patients with CKD. This observational study included 121 consecutive patients with severe AS and CKD (grade ≥3) who underwent TAVI. The patients were grouped according to their RF improvement after TAVI that was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increase ≥10% at discharge from their preoperative level. Sixty-five patients' (54%) RF improved after TAVI. Patients with lower preoperative eGFR tended to achieve greater eGFR increases after TAVI (r = -0.17, p = 0.059). After adjustments for the factors that were significant in the univariate analysis, the preoperative mean transaortic pressure gradient (TAPG) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.07) and E/e' (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.99) independently predicted RF improvement. The cut-off values for the preoperative mean TAPG and E/e' for an RF improvement after TAVI were 47.0 mm Hg and 13.8, respectively. In conclusion, preoperatively, a high mean TAPG and a low E/e' could predict RF improvement after TAVI in patients with CKD.
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7
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Domoto S, Nagao M, Isomura S, Yamaguchi J, Niinami H. Unique haemodynamics in a patient with apicoaortic conduit dysfunction who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 21:652. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Domoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, 8-1 Kawada-cyo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Michinobu Nagao
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, 8-1 Kawada-cyo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shogo Isomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, 8-1 Kawada-cyo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, 8-1 Kawada-cyo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niinami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, 8-1 Kawada-cyo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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8
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Itagaki H, Yamamoto T, Uto K, Hiroi A, Onizuka H, Arashi H, Shibahashi E, Isomura S, Oda H, Yamashita T, Nagashima Y. Recurrent pericardial effusion with pericardial amyloid deposition: a case report and literature review. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 46:107191. [PMID: 31927216 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.107191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericardial amyloidosis is a rare cause of pericardial effusion. Here, we report a case of recurrent pericardial effusion because of pericardial amyloid deposition. The patient was a man in his 40s admitted for pulmonary embolism. During hospitalization, arterial fibrillation and cardiac tamponade were observed, and an initial pericardial puncture was performed. Thereafter, pericardial puncture was repeated nine times over the next two years. Cytological examination of the pericardial effusion suggested malignant mesothelioma. Afterward, pericardial fenestration and partial resection were performed. Intraoperatively, a thickened pericardium and hemorrhagic pericardial effusion were noted. Histologically, the surface of the pericardium was covered by an eosinophilic amorphous material. Congo red and DYLON stains, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical findings revealed localized amyloidosis composed of an immunoglobulin lambda light chain. Although the patient did not receive further treatment for 5 years postoperatively, his renal and cardiac functions remained within normal limits. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with localized amyloidosis. So far, hemorrhagic pericardial effusion has been reported in few cases with systemic amyloidosis. Because localized immunoglobulin light-chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis may progress to systemic disease (although it is a very rare occurrence), long-term follow-up is necessary to detect recurrence or progression to a systemic form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Itagaki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Uto
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hiroi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Onizuka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arashi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Shibahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Isomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Diagnostic Unit for Amyloidosis, Department of Neurology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Oyabu K, Jujo K, Konami Y, Otsuki H, Tanaka K, Isomura S, Domoto S, Yamaguchi J, Niinami H, Hagiwara N. P5577Preoperative transaortic pressure gradient predicts renal functional improvement after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) theoretically increases renal blood flow through increasing cardiac output by relieving aortic valvular obstruction of blood flow from left ventricle, resulting in a renal functional recovery in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). However, procedural steps of TAVI including contrast use potentially damages renal medulla and may deteriorate renal function.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate renal functional change and clarify preoperative predictors for renal functional improvement after TAVI in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with severe AS.
Methods
A total of 88 consecutive severe AS patients with CKD (grade >3) who underwent TAVI from 2015 to 2018 was enrolled in this observational study. They were divided into two groups depending on their renal functional improvement after TAVI that was defined as more than 10% increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at discharge from their preoperative level.
Results
Among the whole candidates, 49 patients (55.7%) were improved their renal function. Patients with the lowest preoperative eGFR achieved the highest increase in eGFR after TAVI (CKD grade >4: +22.7±23.7%, Figure). Patients in the Improved group had lower hemoglobin level, higher mean transaortic pressure gradient (TAPG), and higher aortic valve gradient before TAVI, compared to those in the Non-improved group. However, contrast volume during the procedure was not significantly different between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high mean TAPG and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before TAVI were independent predictors for the improvement of renal function (odds ratio (OR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.08; OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–0.99, respectively), even after the adjustment of baseline eGFR level and hemoglobin level that were statistically significant on univariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve showed the cut-off level of preoperative mean TAPG in renal functional improvement after TAVI as 47.0 mmHg (Sensitivity: 47.9%, Specificity: 79.5%, area under the curve: 0.62).
Correlation between CKDgrade and ΔeGFR
Conclusions
Preoperative high mean TAPG may predict renal functional improvement after TAVI in patients with deteriorated renal function. This non-invasive predictor may help clinicians to consider to perform TAVI in a challenging case with severe CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oyabu
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Jujo
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Konami
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Otsuki
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Isomura
- Tokyo Womens Medical University, Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Domoto
- Tokyo Womens Medical University, Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Yamaguchi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Niinami
- Tokyo Womens Medical University, Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hagiwara
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Cardiology, Tokyo, Japan
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Takahashi K, Domoto S, Isomura S, Jujo K, Otsuki H, Yamaguchi J, Niinami H. [Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis with Complicated Anatomy;Report of a Case]. Kyobu Geka 2019; 72:694-697. [PMID: 31506411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An 89-year-old female was admitted with progressive dyspnea. She had history of old myocardial infarction. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Computed tomography (CT) detected an ascending aortic aneurysm and a left ventricular apex aneurysm. CT confirmed the BAV with severe calcification and tight horizontal angulation. We scheduled transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). While careful wire manipulation, the valve was successfully implanted. BAV is frequently associated with dilation of the ascending aorta. The coexistence of an ascending aortic aneurysm would indicate surgery in order to be able to treat both lesions simultaneously and to avoid catastrophic stent-related complications, such as prosthesis dislodgment and aneurysm rupture. In the present case, there was also risk of left ventricular rupture due to wire manipulation. The horizontal aorta also complicates accurate positioning of the prosthesis during TAVR. This case highlights TAVR for AS with complicated anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Isomura S, Komagamine H, Tateishi M, Katube T, Seta H, Katagiri J, Saito S, Nunoda S, Yamazaki K. Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy in Patients with Dilated Phase of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Those of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.08.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mase N, Nishina Y, Isomura S, Sato K, Narumi T, Watanabe N. Fine-Bubble-Based Strategy for the Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Nitro Groups: Measurement of Ultrafine Bubbles in Organic Solvents. Synlett 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fine bubbles of hydrogen were employed as a new reaction medium for the autoclave-free gas–liquid–solid multiphase hydrogenation of nitro groups on a multigram scale. Furthermore, ultrafine bubbles were examined by nanoparticle-tracking analysis in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Mase
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Green Energy Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
| | - Yuki Nishina
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
| | - Shogo Isomura
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
| | - Kohei Sato
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
| | - Tetsuo Narumi
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Green Energy Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University
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Okada N, Fukunaga M, Yamashita F, Koshiyama D, Yamamori H, Ohi K, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Watanabe Y, Yahata N, Nemoto K, Hibar DP, van Erp TGM, Fujino H, Isobe M, Isomura S, Natsubori T, Narita H, Hashimoto N, Miyata J, Koike S, Takahashi T, Yamasue H, Matsuo K, Onitsuka T, Iidaka T, Kawasaki Y, Yoshimura R, Watanabe Y, Suzuki M, Turner JA, Takeda M, Thompson PM, Ozaki N, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Abnormal asymmetries in subcortical brain volume in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1460-6. [PMID: 26782053 PMCID: PMC5030462 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical structures, which include the basal ganglia and parts of the limbic system, have key roles in learning, motor control and emotion, but also contribute to higher-order executive functions. Prior studies have reported volumetric alterations in subcortical regions in schizophrenia. Reported results have sometimes been heterogeneous, and few large-scale investigations have been conducted. Moreover, few large-scale studies have assessed asymmetries of subcortical volumes in schizophrenia. Here, as a work completely independent of a study performed by the ENIGMA consortium, we conducted a large-scale multisite study of subcortical volumetric differences between patients with schizophrenia and controls. We also explored the laterality of subcortical regions to identify characteristic similarities and differences between them. T1-weighted images from 1680 healthy individuals and 884 patients with schizophrenia, obtained with 15 imaging protocols at 11 sites, were processed with FreeSurfer. Group differences were calculated for each protocol and meta-analyzed. Compared with controls, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated smaller bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and accumbens volumes as well as intracranial volume, but larger bilateral caudate, putamen, pallidum and lateral ventricle volumes. We replicated the rank order of effect sizes for subcortical volumetric changes in schizophrenia reported by the ENIGMA consortium. Further, we revealed leftward asymmetry for thalamus, lateral ventricle, caudate and putamen volumes, and rightward asymmetry for amygdala and hippocampal volumes in both controls and patients with schizophrenia. Also, we demonstrated a schizophrenia-specific leftward asymmetry for pallidum volume. These findings suggest the possibility of aberrant laterality in neural pathways and connectivity patterns related to the pallidum in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - F Yamashita
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - D Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Yahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - H Fujino
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Isobe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Isomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Natsubori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - J Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - H Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Matsuo
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - T Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Iidaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - R Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Watanabe
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - M Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - J A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - N Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - K Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - COCORO
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Isomura S, Hosoda S, Shikawa A. Surgery for detached coronary ostial anastomosis 21 years post-Bentall procedure. Heart Vessels 2014; 31:265-7. [PMID: 25252776 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Though a high frequency of postoperative complications after an original Bentall procedure has been reported, several procedures that reduce the incidence of complications have been developed. Complications relating to anastomoses of the interposed graft are infrequent but life-threatening. This report describes a case of a 61-year-old man who presented with heart failure secondary to bilateral detachment of coronary ostial anastomoses and graft stenosis 21 years after undergoing a modified Bentall procedure. These complications were successfully repaired by reconstructing the conduit and coronary arteries.
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MESH Headings
- Anastomosis, Surgical
- Aneurysm, False/diagnosis
- Aneurysm, False/etiology
- Aneurysm, False/surgery
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/diagnosis
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery
- Aortography/methods
- Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects
- Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
- Coronary Angiography/methods
- Coronary Artery Bypass
- Coronary Vessels/surgery
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/diagnosis
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/etiology
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/surgery
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Reoperation
- Time Factors
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Isomura
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sendai Cardiovascular Center, 21-1 Honda-cho, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-3107, Japan.
| | - Susumu Hosoda
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sendai Cardiovascular Center, 21-1 Honda-cho, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-3107, Japan
| | - Akira Shikawa
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sendai Cardiovascular Center, 21-1 Honda-cho, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-3107, Japan
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15
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Isomura S, Shiikawa A, Hosoda S. [Aortic annulus repair with xenogeneic pericardial flap after extensive debridement in active prosthetic valve endocarditis associated with an aortic annular abscess]. Kyobu Geka 2013; 66:1056-1060. [PMID: 24322312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis(PVE) is one of the devastating diseases and some cases present with extensive annular destruction requiring complex surgical repair. We report 2 cases of PVE with more than one-half of aortic annular destruction after complete debridement of the infected tissue. In these patients we successfully performed mechanical valve implantation following annular repair using a square piece of xenogeneic pericardium that was soaked in highly concentrated vancomycin solution. To increase rigidity of an annulus, a square piece of xenogeneic pericardium was interposed into abscess cavity with some single interrupted sutures. Sutures were placed along the abscess cavity and tied to the fragile tissue carefully. Both patients were discharged from hospital and have been doing well without any signs of recurrent endocarditis at a year postoperatively. This procedure might enable us to avoid patch closure of the abscess cavity in some severe PVE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Isomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sendai Junkanki Center, Sendai, Japan
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16
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Mase N, Isomura S, Toda M, Watanabe N. Micro and Nanobubble Based Strategy for Gas-Liquid-Solid Multiphase Reactions: Palladium-Catalysed Hydrogenation of Carbon-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds. Synlett 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1339798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Abstract
People continue to smoke and use tobacco products despite well-established hazardous consequences. The most contributing factor is the addictive nature of nicotine. There is no highly effective treatment for the problem of nicotine dependence. Immunotherapy offers an alternative to conventional approaches. The chemistry necessary for a comprehensive immunopharmacological program is presented. Haptens for the generation of antibodies specific for naturally occurring (S)-nicotine, (S)- and (R)-nornicotine, and the metabolite (S)-cotinine were prepared with high optical purity. Preliminary data for antinicotine antibodies are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isomura
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry BCC-582, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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18
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Liu Q, Ferreira MU, Ndawi BT, Ohmae H, Adagu IS, Morikawa T, Horii T, Isomura S, Kawamoto F. Sequence diversity of serine repeat antigen gene exon II of Plasmodium falciparum in worldwide collected wild isolates. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2000; 31:808-17. [PMID: 11414433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum collected from endemic areas of Southeast Asia, Solomon Islands, tropical African countries and Brazil were analyzed for the genetic diversity of the exon II of serine repeat antigen gene (SERA) by sequencing of genomic DNA. Of sixty-nine isolates, as compared to the reported FCR3, K1 and Honduras-1 types of exon II sequences, 5, 9 and 20 new allelic forms were found in 23 isolates of the FCR3 type, 36 of the K1 type and 10 of the Honduras-1 type. A group of novel non-synonymous substitutions, 4 new insertions and 3 new deletions of octamer units were found in the octamer repeat region (OR) of the exon II, and most of them clustered within a 40-residues domain. An octamer "SNPVSSEP" revealed in the OR was confirmed as a new repeat unit. Based on the sequences of the serine repeat region (SR) of the exon II, the allelic forms of the Honduras-1 type were conjectured to be the recombinant forms between the K1 type and FCR3 type. The allelic forms of K1 type with less or more repeat serine residues in the serine stretch of the SR than the reported 21 serine residues had most of the variations in the OR. Moreover, a biased geographical distribution of allelic forms was observed. Isolates from African and Southeast Asian countries accounted for most of the new allelic forms (29/33). All of the three types were detected in Southeast Asia but none of the FCR3 type in Africa. One of two groups of FCR3 new allelic forms was found solely in Brazil while another was mainly in Solomon Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- Department of International Health, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
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19
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Abstract
Rotavirus was examined from diarrheal stool samples of 158 infants in rural area near Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from 1994 to 1996. Group A rotavirus was detected in 50%. G1 and G4 were the predominant serotypes. G3 was not detected. The most predominant type changed from year to year. Rotavirus was found in all seasons, especially in winter and autumn. Infants younger than 2 years of age were those mostly infected and the virus was suspected to invade high concentration in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
Rotavirus was examined in 818 diarrheal stool samples collected in Karachi, Pakistan, from 1990 to 1997. Rotavirus was detected in 112 samples (13.7%). The predominant serotypes were G1 and G4 and G3 was not detected. The predominant type changed between years. Rotavirus was found in all seasons and most infections were found in children aged less than 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Dhole TN, Kapoor A, Agarwal J, Isomura S, Kew OM. Intratypic differentiation & partial nucleotide sequencing of poliovirus isolates of northern India. Indian J Med Res 2000; 111:151-6. [PMID: 10943066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential resolving power of molecular epidemiological studies has enhanced the precision and reliability of poliovirus (PV) surveillance. PV has an error prone RNA polymerase responsible for rapid evolution of genome (approximately 10(-2) nt substitution/site/year), during inter and intra-human passages. The present study included a serotyped panel of 60 PV (42 PV type-1, 13 PV type-2 and 5 PV type-3) isolated during 1997. They were differentiated into vaccine (Sabin) and wild strains by two methods viz., genotype specific RNA probe hybridization (Rpro-Hy) based on genotypic variability; and ELISA that uses cross-absorbed antiserum (Pab-E) based on phenotypic variability. For obtaining information on molecular epidemiology, partial nucleotide sequencing (VP1/2A region) of five clinical PV isolates was also done. Three of the 60 isolates (two PV type-1 and one PV type-3) intratyped, could not be differentiated correctly by either method. Genotypic characterization of PV isolates was done for confirmation of intratyping results. All five wild PV1 sequenced belonged to the same genotype (> 85% homology) and sequence divergence among the strains was < or = 4.5 per cent. This indicated circulation of a single genetic lineage in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Dhole
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
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22
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Mochizuki N, Otsuka N, Matsuo K, Shiino T, Kojima A, Kurata T, Sakai K, Yamamoto N, Isomura S, Dhole TN, Takebe Y, Matsuda M, Tatsumi M. An infectious DNA clone of HIV type 1 subtype C. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1999; 15:1321-4. [PMID: 10505681 DOI: 10.1089/088922299310223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 10 subtypes of the M group of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, subtype C is the most prevalent in India and may dominate worldwide in the near future; however, there has been no report on the infectious DNA clone of this subtype. We have isolated an infectious DNA clone of the 93IN101 strain of HIV-1 subtype C, which was isolated in India in 1993. MAGIC5 cells, which are derived from HeLa-CD4-LTR-beta-gal (MAGI) cells and express CCR5, were inoculated with the 93IN101 strain of HIV-1 subtype C. The genomic DNA of the infected cells was used as a template for amplification of the HIV-1 genome. The genome DNA obtained was subcloned into pBR322, and the resulting plasmid was designated as pIndie-C1. The insert of pIndie-C1 was 9680 bp in length and had an intact genomic organization with open reading frames of all structural, regulatory, and accessory proteins. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the nucleotide sequence of pIndie-C1 is closely related to those of HIV-1 subtype C isolated in India. Transfection of pIndie-C1 into 293T cells yielded as much virus as did pNL432, one of the most widely used HIV DNA clones. The recovered Indie-C1 virus infected MAGIC5 but not the parent MAGI cells, indicating that Indie-C1 is CCR5 tropic. Expressed Env protein was reacted efficiently with the sera of HIV-1-infected patients of India, but not of Japan. Expression of Nef and Vpr was also confirmed by immunoblotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Toyama, Tokyo
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23
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Hashido M, Horie H, Abe S, Doi Y, Hashizume S, Agboatwalla M, Isomura S, Nishio O, Hagiwara A, Inouye S. Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on binding inhibition for type-specific quantification of poliovirus neutralization-relevant antibodies. Microbiol Immunol 1999; 43:73-7. [PMID: 10100750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To detect neutralization-relevant antibodies against 3 types of poliovirus (PV) without using tissue cultures and live viruses, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on monoclonal antibody-binding inhibition was evaluated using sera from 80 vaccinated Japanese children and 60 Pakistani poliomyelitis patients. Compared with the neutralization test, the sensitivity of the inhibition ELISA was 100% (111/111) for detection of anti-PV1 antibody, 98.3% (118/120) for anti-PV2, and 96.5% (82/85) for anti-PV3, and the specificity was 93.1% (27/29), 100% (20/20), and 92.7% (51/55), respectively. Thus, the inhibition ELISA showed excellent potential as a seroepidemiologic tool in both vaccinated and naturally-infected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hashido
- Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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24
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Abstract
The phospholipase A2-like catalytic antibody 13C2-1F6 was elicited against the hapten 1 as the transition state analog for the hydrolysis of the C2 ester in the phospholipid. The Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the hydrolysis of the phospholipid 2 by 13C2-1F6 afforded a kcat of 1.0 x 10(-2) min(-1) and aKm of 71 microM. This antibody hydrolyzes the C2 ester in (R)-2, regio- and enantioselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isomura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry that can directly analyze lysophospholipids was used to quantitatively determine the kinetics of phospholipase A2. This method is 1250 times more sensitive than the colorimetric assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isomura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isomura
- Department of International Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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27
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Liu Q, Zhu S, Mizuno S, Kimura M, Liu P, Isomura S, Wang X, Kawamoto F. Sequence variation in the small-subunit rRNA gene of Plasmodium malariae and prevalence of isolates with the variant sequence in Sichuan, China. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:3378-81. [PMID: 9774600 PMCID: PMC105336 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.11.3378-3381.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By two PCR-based diagnostic methods, Plasmodium malariae infections have been rediscovered at two foci in the Sichuan province of China, a region where no cases of P. malariae have been officially reported for the last 2 decades. In addition, a variant form of P. malariae which has a deletion of 19 bp and seven substitutions of base pairs in the target sequence of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was detected with high frequency. Alignment analysis of Plasmodium sp. SSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that the 5' region of the variant sequence is identical to that of P. vivax or P. knowlesi and its 3' region is identical to that of P. malariae. The same sequence variations were also found in P. malariae isolates collected along the Thai-Myanmar border, suggesting a wide distribution of this variant form from southern China to Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- Department of International Health, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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28
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Ishida Y, Yokoi H, Isomura S, Ohtani H, Tsuge S, Sekino T, Nakanishi M, Kimoto T. Correlation analysis between fatty acid compositions of zooplankter individuals, fed on different phytoplankton species by means of pyrolysis-gas chromatography combined with on-line methylation. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1998; 716:39-45. [PMID: 9824216 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) combined with on-line methylation was applied to a correlation analysis between the distributions of fatty acid components in the lipids of zooplankter individuals and those of ingested algae using principal component analysis (PCA). Py-GC in the presence of organic alkali, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), was used to estimate the apparent distributions of fatty acid components contained in a single individual zooplankter weighing several tens of micrograms and a small sample size of ingested algae samples in the order of 10 microg. The observed fatty acid compositions were used as a database for the PCA in order to discriminate the zooplankton and ingested algae samples. The result obtained indicated that the fatty acid compositions of zooplankton individuals used in this work were significantly reflected in those of their ingested food in spite of some contribution from isomerization and/or elongation of fatty acid components during digestion of the ingested algae phytoplankton in living zooplankters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan
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29
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Ferreira MU, Liu Q, Kaneko O, Kimura M, Tanabe K, Kimura EA, Katzin AM, Isomura S, Kawamoto F. Allelic diversity at the merozoite surface protein-1 locus of Plasmodium falciparum in clinical isolates from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1998; 59:474-80. [PMID: 9749647 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sequences of each variable block in the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 gene (PfMSP-1) may be grouped into one of two or three possible allelic types, named after the reference isolates MAD20, K1, and RO33. Allelic diversity at this locus basically results from different combinations of allelic types in variable blocks. We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy to type the variable blocks 2, 4a, 4b, and 10 of the PfMSP-1 gene of P. falciparum isolates from 54 symptomatic malaria patients living in Rondonia, a hypoendemic area in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Ten different PfMSP-1 gene types, defined as unique combinations of allelic types in variable blocks, were identified among the 54 isolates. Twenty-one isolates (39%) harbored more than one gene type and two had at least three genetically distinct clones. Hybrid sequences, with a MAD20-type sequence in the 5' segment (4a) and a K1-type sequence in the 3' segment (4b), were quite common in block 4. Direct sequencing of block 4 PCR products revealed a new putative recombination site in four isolates. In contrast with previous studies, the observed distribution of gene types does not deviate significantly from that expected under the null hypothesis of random association between allelic types detected in each variable block. These contradictory data are discussed with reference to the immunoepidemiologic features prevailing in distinct malaria-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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30
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Ferreira MU, Liu Q, kimura M, Kaneko O, Huynh VT, Isomura S, Tanabe K, Kawamoto F. Stable patterns of allelic diversity at the merozoite surface protein-1 locus of plasmodium falciparum in southern Vietnam. Parasitol Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Liu O, Ferreira M, Ohmae H, Warhurst D, Morikawa T, Horii T, Isomura S, Kawamoto F. Sequence diversity of the plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen (sera) gene in the worldwide isolates. Parasitol Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Zhou M, Liu Q, Wongsrichanalai C, Suwonkerd W, Panart K, Prajakwong S, Pensiri A, Kimura M, Matsuoka H, Ferreira MU, Isomura S, Kawamoto F. High prevalence of Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale in malaria patients along the Thai-Myanmar border, as revealed by acridine orange staining and PCR-based diagnoses. Trop Med Int Health 1998; 3:304-12. [PMID: 9623932 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the four human malaria parasites was investigated among malaria patients at northern, central and southern towns in Thailand along the border with Myanmar between September 1995 and May 1996. Thin smears obtained from 548 Thai and Burmese patients were reviewed by an acridine orange staining method, and many mixed infections with two to four species, including P. malariae and P. ovale, were detected. These diagnostic results were compared with those by two PCR-based diagnoses, microtitre plate hybridization (MPH) and a nested PCR method, both of which targets the same, species-specific regions in the 18S rRNA genes. In both PCR diagnoses, many P. malariae and P. ovale infections were also detected. Detection sensitivity of P. malariae infection was higher in nested PCR than MPH, and a total prevalence of P. malariae infection estimated by nested PCR reached 24.3% (133/548). In 16 of them, the size of PCR products amplified by the P. malariae-specific primer was about 20-bp shorter than the expected size of 115-bp. Four of 16 possessed two different bands with normal and shorter sizes, suggesting that P. malariae isolates may be separated into two types, and that those with shorter products may be new variant form (s) with a nucleotide deletion in the target region. On the other hand, 21 P. ovale infections (3.8%) were detected by nested PCR, but four of them were MPH-negative because of the sequence variation at the probe region. These results indicated that the prevalence of P. malariae and P. ovale along the Thai-Myanmar border may be substantially higher than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhou
- Department of Medical Zoology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Showa, Japan
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33
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Kakumu S, Sato K, Morishita T, Trinh KA, Nguyen HB, Banh VD, Do HC, Nguyen HP, Nguyen VT, Le TT, Yamamoto N, Nakao H, Isomura S. Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infections in liver disease patients and inhabitants in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. J Med Virol 1998; 54:243-8. [PMID: 9557289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and GB virus C or hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infections was determined in 289 patients with liver disease in Ho Chi Minh City and 890 healthy inhabitants of its rural area, Dalat City, Vietnam, respectively. Serum HCV RNA and GBV-C/HGV RNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HBsAg, HCV antibodies, and GBV-C/HGV RNA were detected in 139 (47%), 69 (23%), and ten (3%) subjects, respectively, often accompanied by elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase. HBsAg and HCV antibodies or HCV antibodies and GBV-C/HGV RNA were detectable simultaneously in 8% and 2% of the patients, respectively. In the inhabitants, HBsAg, HCV antibodies, and GBV-C/HGV RNA were found in 51 (5.7%), nine (1.0%), and 11 (1.2%) subjects, respectively. Thus, the prevalence of HBsAg, HCV antibodies, and GBV-C/HGV RNA was significantly higher in liver disease patients than those in the general population. In the samples from 69 patients and nine inhabitants who were seropositive for HCV antibodies, HCV RNA was detectable in 42 (61%) and 4 (44%), respectively. In patients with liver disease, ten belonged to HCV genotype 1a, ten to HCV 1b, three to HCV 2a, four to HCV 2b, and two to HCV 3a by PCR with genotype-specific primers. Nine patients had mixed genotypes, and the remaining four were not classified. Of the GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive individuals, two patients and two inhabitants were positive for HBsAg, while none of the residents had HCV antibodies, although six HCV antibodies (60%) and four HCV RNA (40%) were found in patients. When a phylogenetic tree of GBV-C/HGV was constructed based on the nucleotide sequences, the 21 isolates were classified into at least two genotypes; four isolates belonged to G2, and 17 to G3. The results indicate that in Ho Chi Minh HCV infection prevails with broad distribution of genotypes together with HBV infection among patients with liver disease. This study suggests that GBV-C/HGV infection occurs independently in the two different districts in association with HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakumu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Japan
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34
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Hashido M, Lee FK, Nahmias AJ, Tsugami H, Isomura S, Nagata Y, Sonoda S, Kawana T. An epidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in Japan based on type-specific serological assays. Epidemiol Infect 1998; 120:179-86. [PMID: 9593488 PMCID: PMC2809388 DOI: 10.1017/s095026889700856x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A seroepidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) was performed on Japanese adults. Serum samples collected between 1985-9 from a total of 536 healthy adults, female prostitutes, males with sexually transmitted diseases (STD), homosexual men, and pregnant women were studied by immunodot assays using HSV type-specific antigens, glycoproteins G (gG1 and gG2). HSV-1 infections correlated mostly with age and was widely prevalent among subjects < 40 years. HSV-2 prevalence varied greatly among subgroups defined by sexual activity and was associated with risk behaviours for prostitution, infection with STD, and homosexual activity. HSV-2 seroprevalence was highest among prostitutes (80%), lowest among pregnant women (7%), and intermediate in STD patients (23%) and homosexuals (24%). Because HSV-1 infection during childhood has been decreasing, primary genital HSV-2 infection, with its higher frequency of clinical manifestations, will become a greater burden to the public health in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hashido
- Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Ferreira MU, Liu Q, Zhou M, Kimura M, Kaneko O, Van Thien H, Isomura S, Tanabe K, Kawamoto F. Stable patterns of allelic diversity at the Merozoite surface protein-1 locus of Plasmodium falciparum in clinical isolates from southern Vietnam. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1998; 45:131-6. [PMID: 9495041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb05080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extent of allelic diversity at the Merozoite Surface Protein-1 locus of Plasmodium falciparum (PfMSP-1) was examined in isolates collected from symptomatic patients living in a mesoendemic area in southern Vietnam. The variable blocks 2, 4 and 10 were typed by polymerase chain reaction and 24 PfMSP-1 gene types were defined as unique combinations of allelic types detected in each variable block. Nineteen PfMSP-1 gene types were identified and 182 parasite populations were fully typed among 102 isolates. Forty-eight (47%) patients harbored more than one typed parasite population, and one patient had at least eight genetically distinct subpopulations. As previously shown in the same endemic area, recombination between blocks 4 and 10 was significantly less frequent than expected from random assortment of allelic types. The distribution of PfMSP-1 gene types, however, did not differ significantly from that observed in isolates collected in the same area 17-24 mo before the present study. Furthermore, the prevalence of the most common gene types and the average number of different gene types harbored by the same host did not decrease with age. This argues against the prominence of frequency-dependent immune selection of PfMSP-1 polymorphisms in this parasite population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Ferreira
- Department of Medical Zoology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
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36
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37
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Isomura S, Mubina A, Dure-Samin A, Isihara Y, Sakae K, Yamashita T, Nishio O, Ahmed A. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis in Karachi, Pakistan: prospective studies during 1990-93. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1996; 38:667-71. [PMID: 9002306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1996.tb03728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Between October 1989 and September 1993, 245 cases of poliomyelitis visited the Department of Pediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. The majority of them were between 6 months and 2 years of age and the epidemic occurred during the hot season. The dominant serotype was polio type 1. All of the polioviruses isolated from the patients were wild type. Virological studies also disclosed that enteroviruses other than polioviruses were prevalent among healthy children as well as diarrheal and polio patients. Serodiagnosis by poliovirus-specific immunoglobulin M antibody tests using the capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method were in good agreement with the results of virus isolation. The present study demonstrated that Pakistan is a region endemic for wild poliovirus and more aggressive preventive measures are needed to eradicate poliomyelitis from the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isomura
- Department of Medical Zoology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
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38
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Kawamoto F, Miyake H, Kaneko O, Kimura M, Nguyen TD, Nguyen TD, Liu Q, Zhou M, Le DD, Kawai S, Isomura S, Wataya Y. Sequence variation in the 18S rRNA gene, a target for PCR-based malaria diagnosis, in Plasmodium ovale from southern Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:2287-9. [PMID: 8862600 PMCID: PMC229233 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.9.2287-2289.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Field surveys of malaria were performed in southern Vietnam by using an acridine orange staining method for rapid diagnosis and a PCR-based, microtiter plate hybridization method for accurate diagnosis. A total of three patients of Plasmodium ovale infection were detected, but PCR-amplified DNA of the P. ovale isolates from two of the patients did not hybridize with the P. ovale-specific probe. Analysis of the target sequence in the 18S rRNA gene indicated that in the DNA of isolates from both patients three nucleotides in the probe region from the typical P. ovale sequence were different, with deletions of two nucleotides and the substitution of one nucleotide. These results may suggest that in addition to molecular biological methods, careful microscopic examination of stained thin blood films is still required in studies of the prevalence of different malaria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kawamoto
- Department of Medical Zoology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
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39
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Kimura M, Kuno-Sakai H, Kunita N, Isomura S, Funahashi M, Sato Y. [Epidemiology of pertussis and studies on culture positive pertussis cases in Japan]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1996; 70:19-28. [PMID: 8822050 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.70.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of pertussis patients has decreased steadily in the late 1960s and was extremely small in early 1970s. During 1973-74 the first national survey on pertussis cases confirmed by culture was conducted, when whole cell pertussis vaccine was used. The study revealed that 33.3% of culture positive cases had 2-4 doses of DT combined with whole cell pertussis vaccine. Acellular pertussis vaccine was introduced in 1981 and for the last several years the number of pertussis patients became low for the second time. During 1988-92 exactly the same study was conducted as the previous one. Among 2501 pertussis cases diagnosed clinically 403 were culture positive. Most of the patients were below 1 year of age. Most of the patients were below 1 year of age. Clinical symptoms of those infants were more serious than those of older children. Only 7 out of 403 (1.8%) had a history of 2-4 doses of DT combined with acellular pertussis vaccine. This proved that the acellular pertussis vaccine is by far more effective than the whole cell pertussis vaccine. Serotypes of 377 Bordetella pertussis were identified and 370/377 (98.1%) were serotype 1-3 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kimura
- School of Medicine, Tokai University
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40
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Kimura M, Kuno-Sakai H, Kamiya H, Ueda K, Isomura S, Koike M, Kato T, Ozaki T, Hirose M, Egami T. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the component acellular pertussis vaccine produced by a combination of column purified pertussis toxin and filamentous haemagglutinin. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1995; 37:562-74. [PMID: 8533580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1995.tb03378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This is the report on a prospective, single blind, comparative study of a component acellular pertussis vaccine produced by a combination of detoxified, column purified pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTcaP) and the traditional acellular pertussis vaccine produced with essentially the same method as described by Sato with DT (DTaP) of the same manufacturer. A total of 616 infants and children received DTcaP and a total of 289 received DTaP. In all age groups for both vaccines values of serum antibodies to PT and FHA after two doses of the vaccines were comparable to those of convalescent sera. Incidences of systemic and local reactions were, in general, not greatly different between DTcaP and DTaP recipients. In Japan the use of traditional acellular vaccines replaced whole cell vaccines in 1981. Protective antigens of Bordetella pertussis have now been specified and thus component vaccines have become theoretically possible. This is the first component vaccine which has been developed in Japan. Several other component vaccines are now under investigation in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
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41
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Yamashita T, Sakae K, Kobayashi S, Ishihara Y, Miyake T, Mubina A, Isomura S. Isolation of cytopathic small round virus (Aichi virus) from Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia. Microbiol Immunol 1995; 39:433-5. [PMID: 8551977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aichi virus was isolated in Vero cells from 5 (2.3%) of 222 Pakistani children with gastroenteritis but none was found in 91 healthy children. Aichi virus was also isolated from 5 (0.7%) of 722 Japanese travelers returned from tours to Southeast Asian countries and complained of gastrointestinal symptoms at the quarantine station of Nagoya International Airport in Japan. Of 5 Japanese travelers, 3 were returning from Indonesia, and 2 from Thailand or Malaysia. These results indicate that Aichi virus or a similar agent is endemic in Southeast Asian countries and is a cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in children in these areas or in Japanese travelers who visit there.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamashita
- Department of Virology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
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42
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Abstract
A prospective study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan on the virology of enteropathogens excreted by children with acute gastroenteritis and the results were compared with a control group of healthy children. Rotavirus and Adenovirus detection was done using ELISA techniques, while enterovirus isolation was done by virus culture. In 1990, 12.3% children with acute watery diarrhoea excreted rotavirus, as compared to 24.4% children in 1991. None of the healthy children excreted adenovirus 40 and 41. Preliminary results of 1992 revealed that rotavirus was seen in 13% of children with acute watery diarrhoea and adenovirus in 10% of children. Enteroviruses were isolated in the same frequency in all three groups i.e. children with acute watery diarrhoea, children with poliomyelitis and healthy children. Non-polio enteroviruses were excreted in 50-52% in all the 3 groups. The rate of enterovirus excretion is much higher than seen in other developed countries and is the same in children with diarrhoea and healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agboatwalla
- Department of Pediatrics, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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43
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Naito Y, Sasaki M, Umemoto T, Namikawa I, Sakae K, Ishihara Y, Isomura S, Suzuki I. Bactericidal effect of rat cystatin S on an oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 1995; 110:71-5. [PMID: 7749605 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(94)00070-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We tested antibacterial and antiviral activities of rat cystatin S, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, belonging to the family 2 cystatins against 18 different bacterial species and poliovirus type 1 (Sabin). Rat cystatin S specifically inhibited the growth of a human oral anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis due to a bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Naito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
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44
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Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, B, and C virus in healthy Pakistani children. HAV IgG antibody was assayed in 258 subjects and it was found that 94% children by 5 years of age had HAV IgG-antibody. The overall seroprevalence of HAV IgG antibody was 55.8% and IgM 5.3%. HBVsAb levels assayed in 236 healthy children showed a seroprevalence of 2.97%. Similarly, HCV antibody seroprevalence was found to be a low 0.44% in healthy children. HAV is a major cause of Hepatitis, as compared to HBV and HCV which are of low endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agboatwalla
- Department of Pediatrics, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isomura
- Department of Medical Zoology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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Takeda N, Sakae K, Agboatwalla M, Isomura S, Hondo R, Inouye S. Differentiation between wild and vaccine-derived strains of poliovirus by stringent microplate hybridization of PCR products. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:202-4. [PMID: 8126180 PMCID: PMC262996 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.1.202-204.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Procedures for differentiation between wild and vaccine-derived strains of poliovirus are required, particularly in countries where wild and vaccine-related strains coexist. For this differentiation, we tested the method of Inouye and Hondo (S. Inouye and R. Hondo, Arch. Virol. 129:311-316, 1993) for discrimination of closely related viruses by using stringent microplate hybridization of PCR products. We used a pair of primers with enterovirus common sequences (between these primers there is a variable region for capsid proteins) for PCR using templates from wild and vaccine-derived poliovirus strains which were isolated in tissue culture and serotyped by neutralization assay. We also used the same primers for preparation of probes, which were labelled by incorporation of biotin-dUTP in the PCR, with the three original Sabin vaccine virus strains used as templates. The amplified DNAs from the isolates were immobilized on microplate wells and were then hybridized with the labelled probes. We found that, under the usual hybridization conditions, the Sabin vaccine virus strain probes hybridized with both wild and vaccine-derived viruses, but under stringent conditions, they reacted only with vaccine-derived viruses of the same serotype, clearly differentiating these from wild-type viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takeda
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Cytopathic small round virus (Aichi strain), isolated from a patient with oyster-associated gastroenteritis, showed no reaction in the polymerase chain reaction method for enteroviruses or in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the five serotypes of astroviruses. Our ELISA was sensitive in detecting the Aichi strain antigen in stool samples, but there was no reaction in this ELISA with any non-Aichi strains of enteric viruses, with such origins as enterovirus, rotavirus, Norwalk virus, calicivirus, or astrovirus. In the ELISA, 13 of 47 stool samples from adult patients in five of nine oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks were positive, but only 1 of 397 pediatric stool samples in Aichi Prefecture was positive. The prevalence rate for Aichi strain antibody was found to be 7.2% for persons aged 7 months to 4 years. The prevalence rate for antibody to Aichi strain increased with age, to about 80% in persons 35 years old. On the basis of the results of the present study, it was hypothesized that Aichi strain could be a new type of small round virus that mainly produces diarrhea in patients in the 15- to 34-year-old age group, 50 to 76% of whom possess neutralizing antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamashita
- Department of Virology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Japan
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48
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Isomura S, Mubina A, Dure-Samin A, Isihara Y, Sakae K, Yamashita T, Nishio O, Ahmed A. Virological and serological studies on poliomyelitis in Karachi, Pakistan. I. Outbreaks in 1990-91. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1993; 35:382-6. [PMID: 8256620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1993.tb03077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Between October 1989 and September 1991, 124 cases of poliomyelitis visited the Department of Paediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. The majority of them were between 6 months and 2 years of age and the epidemics occurred during the hot seasons. The dominant serotype was poliovirus type 1 during the epidemic season in 1990 and type 2 in 1991. All the polioviruses isolated from the patients were wild-type. Virological studies also disclosed that enteroviruses other than polioviruses were prevalent among healthy children as well as among diarrheal and polio patients. A serological survey to elucidate the serological efficacy of oral polio vaccine (OPV) showed that: (i) in 112 unimmunized children, after disappearance of transplacental maternal antibody during early infancy, antibody prevalence increased gradually and > 80% of the children were seropositive against all three types of polioviruses at 5 years of age; (ii) in 201 children immunized with full doses of OPV in their infancy, the decrease in antibody titer during infancy was less and seroprevalence rose sharply afterwards: at 2 years of age, > 80% of them were seropositive against all three types of the virus. The rapid increase of seroprevalence might be the effect of OPV administration. However, the prevalence was lower than that in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Isomura
- Department of Medical Zoology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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49
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Suzuki Y, Ishihara M, Funabashi M, Suzuki R, Isomura S, Yokochi T. Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of Campylobacter jejuni DNA for use in epidemiological studies. J Infect 1993; 27:39-42. [PMID: 8370943 DOI: 10.1016/0163-4453(93)93628-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The cleavage patterns of the genomic DNA of 42 clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were compared with their Lior and TCK serotypes. The fragment patterns of DNA obtained with SalI and SmaI restriction enzymes did not always accord with the corresponding serotypes but strains of the same serotype could be further divided into subtypes by their cleavage patterns. This PFGE method may prove useful for subclassifying C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan
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50
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Isomura S. [Present status and prevention of measles in developing countries]. Uirusu 1993; 43:19-25. [PMID: 8236839 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.43.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Isomura
- Department of Medical Zoology, Nagoya University School of Medicine
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