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Lin SW, Yuan K, Chang YY. Perigraftitis in a dental implant patient with treated breast cancer: A case report with histological assessment. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:669-670. [PMID: 38303800 PMCID: PMC10829706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Lin
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Yuan
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Chang
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chu KH, Tung HH, Clinciu DL, Hsu HI, Wu YC, Hsu CI, Lin SW, Pan SJ. A Preliminary Study on Self-Healing and Self-Health Management in Older Adults: Perspectives From Healthcare Professionals and Older Adults in Taiwan. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221077788. [PMID: 35356303 PMCID: PMC8958667 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221077788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has tremendous self-healing capacity and regeneration after injuries and pathogen invasions. These factors are particularly important in older adults which take longer to heal and recover physically. In addition to clinical investigations, perspectives from both experts in the field and the living experiences of the general public could play significant roles to enhance the body’s healing mechanisms in older adults. A semi-structured interview was conducted which included 15 participants (9 experts and 6 older adults aged 65 years and older). Content analysis with an inductive approach was employed about participants’ experiences and perspectives. All participants in this study revealed that self-healing mechanisms can be enhanced through physiological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors. When more of these factors can be integrated into a recovery management plan, it can hasten self-healing in older adults. Social capability has a profound impact on an individual’s mental health while oral health and hygiene significantly affect the nutritional intake status. In regards to physical aspects, regular daily activity patterns, nutritious eating, moderate exercise, and sleep quality are significant, while psychological aspects such as cheerfulness, positive attitudes, and good interpersonal relationships can help control chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Hui Chu
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsin Tung
- College of Nursing, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Yang Sheng Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hua-I Hsu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- CEO, Yang Sheng Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- School of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Hsu
- Nursing Department, Heart Center of Chen-Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Wong JW, Wang J, Chang JS, Chow W, Carlson R, Rajski Ł, Fernández-Alba AR, Self R, Cooke WK, Lock CM, Mercer GE, Mastovska K, Schmitz J, Vaclavik L, Li L, Panawennage D, Pang GF, Zhou H, Miao S, Ho C, Lam TCH, To YBS, Zomer P, Hung YC, Lin SW, Liao CD, Culberson D, Taylor T, Wu Y, Yu D, Lim PL, Wu Q, Schirlé-Keller JPX, Williams SM, Johnson YS, Nason SL, Ammirata M, Eitzer BD, Willis M, Wyatt S, Kwon S, Udawatte N, Priyasantha K, Wan P, Filigenzi MS, Bakota EL, Sumarah MW, Renaud JB, Parinet J, Biré R, Hort V, Prakash S, Conway M, Pyke JS, Yang DHD, Jia W, Zhang K, Hayward DG. Multilaboratory Collaborative Study of a Nontarget Data Acquisition for Target Analysis (nDATA) Workflow Using Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Screening in Fruits and Vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:13200-13216. [PMID: 34709825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nontarget data acquisition for target analysis (nDATA) workflows using liquid chromatography-high-resolution accurate mass (LC-HRAM) spectrometry, spectral screening software, and a compound database have generated interest because of their potential for screening of pesticides in foods. However, these procedures and particularly the instrument processing software need to be thoroughly evaluated before implementation in routine analysis. In this work, 25 laboratories participated in a collaborative study to evaluate an nDATA workflow on high moisture produce (apple, banana, broccoli, carrot, grape, lettuce, orange, potato, strawberry, and tomato). Samples were extracted in each laboratory by quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS), and data were acquired by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a high-resolution quadrupole Orbitrap (QOrbitrap) or quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer operating in full-scan mass spectrometry (MS) data-independent tandem mass spectrometry (LC-FS MS/DIA MS/MS) acquisition mode. The nDATA workflow was evaluated using a restricted compound database with 51 pesticides and vendor processing software. Pesticide identifications were determined by retention time (tR, ±0.5 min relative to the reference retention times used in the compound database) and mass errors (δM) of the precursor (RTP, δM ≤ ±5 ppm) and product ions (RTPI, δM ≤ ±10 ppm). The elution profiles of all 51 pesticides were within ±0.5 min among 24 of the participating laboratories. Successful screening was determined by false positive and false negative rates of <5% in unfortified (pesticide-free) and fortified (10 and 100 μg/kg) produce matrices. Pesticide responses were dependent on the pesticide, matrix, and instrument. The false negative rates were 0.7 and 0.1% at 10 and 100 μg/kg, respectively, and the false positive rate was 1.1% from results of the participating LC-HRAM platforms. Further evaluation was achieved by providing produce samples spiked with pesticides at concentrations blinded to the laboratories. Twenty-two of the 25 laboratories were successful in identifying all fortified pesticides (0-7 pesticides ranging from 5 to 50 μg/kg) for each produce sample (99.7% detection rate). These studies provide convincing evidence that the nDATA comprehensive approach broadens the screening capabilities of pesticide analyses and provide a platform with the potential to be easily extended to a larger number of other chemical residues and contaminants in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon W Wong
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Calgary Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3650 36th Street Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2L 2L1, Canada
| | - James S Chang
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Willis Chow
- Calgary Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3650 36th Street Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2L 2L1, Canada
| | - Roland Carlson
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3292 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California 95832, United States
| | - Łukasz Rajski
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento S/N, La Cañada de San Urbano, 40120 Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento S/N, La Cañada de San Urbano, 40120 Almería, Spain
| | - Randy Self
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - William K Cooke
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Christopher M Lock
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Gregory E Mercer
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Katerina Mastovska
- Eurofins Food Chemistry Testing, 6304 Ronald Reagan Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - John Schmitz
- Eurofins Food Chemistry Testing, 6304 Ronald Reagan Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Lukas Vaclavik
- Eurofins Food Chemistry Testing, 6304 Ronald Reagan Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Lingyun Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12237, United States
| | - Deepika Panawennage
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12237, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 11 Ronghua Nanlu, Beijing Economic Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhou
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Miao
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Clare Ho
- Government Laboratory, Analytical and Advisory Services Division, 7/F, Ho Man Tin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tony Chong-Ho Lam
- Government Laboratory, Analytical and Advisory Services Division, 7/F, Ho Man Tin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yim-Bun Sze To
- Government Laboratory, Analytical and Advisory Services Division, 7/F, Ho Man Tin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6708 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yu-Ching Hung
- Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ding Liao
- Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Danny Culberson
- North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 4000 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Tameka Taylor
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, 701 Mapes Road, Ft. Meade, Maryland 20755-5350, United States
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837
| | - Dingyi Yu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837
| | - Poh Leong Lim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837
| | - Qiong Wu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837
| | - Jean-Paul X Schirlé-Keller
- Laboratory Services Division, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, 601 North Robert Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-2531, United States
| | - Sheldon M Williams
- Laboratory Services Division, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, 601 North Robert Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-2531, United States
| | - Yoko S Johnson
- Laboratory Services Division, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, 601 North Robert Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-2531, United States
| | - Sara L Nason
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Michael Ammirata
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Brian D Eitzer
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Michelle Willis
- Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, 600 5th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Shane Wyatt
- Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, 600 5th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - SoYoung Kwon
- Pesticide Laboratories at the Office of Indiana State Chemist, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nayane Udawatte
- Pesticide Laboratories at the Office of Indiana State Chemist, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kandalama Priyasantha
- Pesticide Laboratories at the Office of Indiana State Chemist, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ping Wan
- Pesticide Laboratories at the Office of Indiana State Chemist, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael S Filigenzi
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, 620 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erica L Bakota
- Kansas City Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 11510 West 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66214, United States
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Julien Parinet
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ronel Biré
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vincent Hort
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Shristi Prakash
- OMIC USA Inc., 3344 Northwest Industrial Street, Portland, Oregon 97210, United States
| | - Michael Conway
- OMIC USA Inc., 3344 Northwest Industrial Street, Portland, Oregon 97210, United States
| | - James S Pyke
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Dan-Hui Dorothy Yang
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Douglas G Hayward
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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Bhattacharya U, Jhou JF, Zou YF, Abrigo G, Lin SW, Chen YH, Chien FC, Tai HC. Surface charge manipulation and electrostatic immobilization of synaptosomes for super-resolution imaging: a study on tau compartmentalization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18583. [PMID: 34545174 PMCID: PMC8452691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomes are subcellular fractions prepared from brain tissues that are enriched in synaptic terminals, widely used for the study of neural transmission and synaptic dysfunction. Immunofluorescence imaging is increasingly applied to synaptosomes to investigate protein localization. However, conventional methods for imaging synaptosomes over glass coverslips suffer from formaldehyde-induced aggregation. Here, we developed a facile strategy to capture and image synaptosomes without aggregation artefacts. First, ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS) is chosen as the chemical fixative to replace formaldehyde. EGS/glycine treatment makes the zeta potential of synaptosomes more negative. Second, we modified glass coverslips with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to impart positive charges. EGS-fixed synaptosomes spontaneously attach to modified glasses via electrostatic attraction while maintaining good dispersion. Individual synaptic terminals are imaged by conventional fluorescence microscopy or by super-resolution techniques such as direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). We examined tau protein by two-color and three-color dSTORM to understand its spatial distribution within mouse cortical synapses, observing tau colocalization with synaptic vesicles as well postsynaptic densities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Fong Jhou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fong Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Gerald Abrigo
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-Ching Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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5
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Lin SW, Qian WH, Huo HJ, Li BZ, Li Y, Yang YG. Preparation of optical active single-handed helical barium titanate nanotubes and characterization of dielectric properties. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lin JB, Chai WL, Zhang JM, Wang YP, Lin SW, Li HY, Wu SY. [Association between hypertension and serum microRNA21 and microRNA133a in ocean seamen]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2017; 34:412-5. [PMID: 27514547 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of hypertension in ocean seamen and major influencing factors, as well as the association between hypertension and serum microRNA21 and microRNA133a. METHODS Health examination and a questionnaire survey were performed for 780 ocean seamen who underwent physical examination in an international travel healthcare center in Fujian, China from January to June, 2014. TaqMan RT-qPCR was used to measure the serum levels of microRNA21 and microRNA133a in seamen with hypertension. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension differed significantly between the ocean seamen with different ages, education levels, marital status, body mass index (BMI) values, drinking frequencies, and numbers of sailing years (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of hypertension in the ocean seamen increased with the increasing drinking frequency (χ(2)=9.02, P<0.05) , decreased with the increase in degree of education (χ(2)=11.578, P<0.05) , and increased with the increase in the number of sailing years (χ(2)=28.06, P<0.05). The hypertensive ocean seamen had significantly higher expression levels of microRNA21 and MicroRNA133a than the healthy ocean seamen (microRNA21: 7.87±5.46 vs 1.03±0.80, P<0.05; MicroRNA133a: 7.45±1.94 vs 4.52±1.15, P<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that a high level of microRNA21 (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.22~2.11) , a high level of microRNA133a (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.24~1.87) , drinking (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.08~2.50) , overweight based on BMI (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.07~1.30) , and many sailing years (OR=2.89, 95% CI: 1.14~7.30) were risk factors for hypertension. CONCLUSION The prevention and treatment of hypertension in ocean seamen should be enhanced. Excessive drinking should be controlled, and sailing time should be arranged reasonably. The microRNA21 and microRNA133a may be associated with the development and progression of hypertension in ocean seamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Lin
- School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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7
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Prochnow LK, Lin SW, Pilz C, Zimmermann S, Glos M, Chen NH, Penzel T. Erstellen eines Scores zur präklinischen Einschätzung der Schwere einer Obstruktiven Schlafapnoe. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LK Prochnow
- Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité Campus Mitte; Schlaflabor Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | - SW Lin
- Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité Campus Mitte; Schlaflabor Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | - C Pilz
- Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité Campus Mitte; Schlaflabor Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | - S Zimmermann
- Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité Campus Mitte; Schlaflabor Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | - M Glos
- Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité Campus Mitte; Schlaflabor Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | - NH Chen
- Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité Campus Mitte; Schlaflabor Campus Virchow Klinikum
| | - T Penzel
- Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Charité Campus Mitte; Schlaflabor Campus Virchow Klinikum
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8
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Hsiao J, Yuan TY, Tsai MS, Lu CY, Lin YC, Lee ML, Lin SW, Chang FC, Liu Pimentel H, Olive C, Coito C, Shen G, Young M, Thorne T, Lawrence M, Magistri M, Faghihi MA, Khorkova O, Wahlestedt C. Upregulation of Haploinsufficient Gene Expression in the Brain by Targeting a Long Non-coding RNA Improves Seizure Phenotype in a Model of Dravet Syndrome. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:257-277. [PMID: 27333023 PMCID: PMC4972487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a devastating genetic brain disorder caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene SCN1A. There are currently no treatments, but the upregulation of SCN1A healthy allele represents an appealing therapeutic strategy. In this study we identified a novel, evolutionary conserved mechanism controlling the expression of SCN1A that is mediated by an antisense non-coding RNA (SCN1ANAT). Using oligonucleotide-based compounds (AntagoNATs) targeting SCN1ANAT we were able to induce specific upregulation of SCN1A both in vitro and in vivo, in the brain of Dravet knock-in mouse model and a non-human primate. AntagoNAT-mediated upregulation of Scn1a in postnatal Dravet mice led to significant improvements in seizure phenotype and excitability of hippocampal interneurons. These results further elucidate the pathophysiology of Dravet syndrome and outline a possible new approach for the treatment of this and other genetic disorders with similar etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hsiao
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - T Y Yuan
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - M S Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - C Y Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lin
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - M L Lee
- Dep. Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S W Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - F C Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H Liu Pimentel
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - C Olive
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - C Coito
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - G Shen
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - M Young
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - T Thorne
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - M Lawrence
- RxGen, 100 Deepwood Drive, Hamden, CT 06517, USA
| | - M Magistri
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami 33136, FL, USA
| | - M A Faghihi
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami 33136, FL, USA
| | - O Khorkova
- OPKO Health Inc., 10320 USA Today Way, Miramar, FL 33025, USA
| | - C Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami 33136, FL, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Electroactive and electrochromic polycarbazole films were directly prepared on electrodes from N-phenyl-3,6-bis(N-carbazolyl)carbazoles by carbazole-based electrochemical oxidative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Taiwan
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10
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Chang TL, Chiang HY, Shen JY, Lin SW, Tsai PJ. Phenolic compounds stage an interplay between the ubiquitin–proteasome system and ubiquitin signal autophagic degradation for the ubiquitin-based cancer chemoprevention. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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11
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Chen HC, Lin SW, Jiang JM, Su YW, Wei KH. Solution-processed zinc oxide/polyethylenimine nanocomposites as tunable electron transport layers for highly efficient bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:6273-6281. [PMID: 25697544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we employed polyethylenimine-doped sol-gel-processed zinc oxide composites (ZnO:PEI) as efficient electron transport layers (ETL) for facilitating electron extraction in inverted polymer solar cells. Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that ZnO:PEI composite films' energy bands could be tuned considerably by varying the content of PEI up to 7 wt %-the conduction band ranged from 4.32 to 4.0 eV-and the structural order of ZnO in the ZnO:PEI thin films would be enhanced to align perpendicular to the ITO electrode, particularly at 7 wt % PEI, facilitating electron transport vertically. We then prepared two types of bulk heterojunction systems-based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butryric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b́]dithiophene-thiophene-2,1,3-benzooxadiazole (PBDTTBO):phenyl-C71-butryric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)-that incorporated the ZnO:PEI composite layers. When using a composite of ZnO:PEI (93:7, w/w) as the ETL, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the P3HT:PC61BM (1:1, w/w) device improved to 4.6% from a value of 3.7% for the corresponding device that incorporated pristine ZnO as the ETL-a relative increase of 24%. For the PBDTTBO:PC71BM (1:2, w/w) device featuring the same amount of PEI blended in the ETL, the PCE improved to 8.7% from a value of 7.3% for the corresponding device that featured pure ZnO as its ETL-a relative increase of 20%. Accordingly, ZnO:PEI composites can be effective ETLs within organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ming Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan
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12
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Lan SC, Chang CK, Lu YH, Lin SW, Jen AKY, Wei KH. Side chain structure affects the molecular packing and photovoltaic performance of oligothiophene-based solution-processable small molecules. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12540e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules with alkyl side chains of different lengths were prepared with 2,2′-bithiophene, terthiophene and thiobarbituric acid as the central core, spacer and end-cap. Uniform, shorter chain lengths gave stronger intermolecular interactions, favoring crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Che Lan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- 300 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Kai Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- 300 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsin Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- 300 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- 300 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- 300 Hsinchu
- Taiwan
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yi-Lan, Taiwan
| | - S W Lin
- Department of Surgery, Lotung St Mary's Hospital, Yi-Lan, Taiwan
| | - C-C Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Yang HL, Lin SW, Lee CC, Lin KY, Liao CH, Yang TY, Wang HM, Huang HC, Wu CR, Hseu YC. Induction of Nrf2-mediated genes by Antrodia salmonea inhibits ROS generation and inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 2014; 6:230-41. [PMID: 25380370 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00869c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia salmonea (AS), a well-known medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant genes in RAW264.7 macrophages by the fermented culture broth of AS, studied the resulting protection against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation, and revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying these protective effects. We found that non-cytotoxic concentrations of AS (25-100 μg mL⁻¹) protected macrophages from LPS-induced cell death and ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant potential of AS was directly correlated with the increased expression of the antioxidant genes HO-1, NQO-1, and γ-GCLC, as well as the level of intracellular GSH followed by an increase in the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown diminished the protective effects of AS, as evidenced by the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including PGE₂, NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β, in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Notably, AS treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression in macrophages. Our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory potential of Antrodia salmonea is mediated by the activation of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense mechanisms. Results support the traditional usage of this beneficial mushroom for the treatment of free radical-related diseases and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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15
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Lan SC, Raghunath P, Lu YH, Wang YC, Lin SW, Liu CM, Jiang JM, Lin MC, Wei KH. Symmetry and coplanarity of organic molecules affect their packing and photovoltaic properties in solution-processed solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:9298-9306. [PMID: 24877557 DOI: 10.1021/am501659u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study we synthesized three acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) organic molecules, TB3t-BT, TB3t-BTT, and TB3t-BDT, comprising 2,2'-bithiophene (BT), benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-d″]trithiophene (BTT), and benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) units, respectively, as central cores (donors), terthiophene (3t) as π-conjugated spacers, and thiobarbituric acid (TB) units as acceptors. These molecules display different degrees of coplanarity as evidenced by the differences in dihedral angles calculated from density functional theory. By using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractions for probing their crystallization characteristics and molecular packing in active layers, we found that the symmetry and coplanarity of molecules would significantly affect the melting/crystallization behavior and the formation of crystalline domains in the blend film with fullerene, PC61BM. TB3t-BT and TB3t-BDT, which each possess an inversion center and display high crystallinity in their pristine state, but they have different driving forces in crystallization, presumably because of different degrees of coplanarity. On the other hand, the asymmetrical TB3t-BTT behaved as an amorphous material even though it possesses a coplanar structure. Among our tested systems, the device comprising as-spun TB3t-BDT/PC61BM (6:4, w/w) active layer featured crystalline domains and displayed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.1%. In contrast, the as-spun TB3t-BT/PC61BM (6:4, w/w) active layer showed well-mixed morphology and with a device PCE of 0.2%; it increased to 3.9% after annealing the active layer at 150 °C for 15 min. As for TB3t-BTT, it required a higher content of fullerene in the TB3t-BTT/PC61BM (4:6, w/w) active layer to optimize its device PCE to 1.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Che Lan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , 300 Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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16
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Lai CH, Fung HS, Wu WB, Huang HY, Fu HW, Lin SW, Huang SW, Chiu CC, Wang DJ, Huang LJ, Tseng TC, Chung SC, Chen CT, Huang DJ. Highly efficient beamline and spectrometer for inelastic soft X-ray scattering at high resolution. J Synchrotron Radiat 2014; 21:325-332. [PMID: 24562553 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577513030877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The design, construction and commissioning of a beamline and spectrometer for inelastic soft X-ray scattering at high resolution in a highly efficient system are presented. Based on the energy-compensation principle of grating dispersion, the design of the monochromator-spectrometer system greatly enhances the efficiency of measurement of inelastic soft X-rays scattering. Comprising two bendable gratings, the set-up effectively diminishes the defocus and coma aberrations. At commissioning, this system showed results of spin-flip, d-d and charge-transfer excitations of NiO. These results are consistent with published results but exhibit improved spectral resolution and increased efficiency of measurement. The best energy resolution of the set-up in terms of full width at half-maximum is 108 meV at an incident photon energy tuned about the Ni L3-edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H S Fung
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - W B Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H Y Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H W Fu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S W Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S W Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C C Chiu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - D J Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - L J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - T C Tseng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S C Chung
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C T Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - D J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Yang HL, Chang HC, Lin SW, Senthil Kumar KJ, Liao CH, Wang HM, Lin KY, Hseu YC. Antrodia salmonea inhibits TNF-α-induced angiogenesis and atherogenesis in human endothelial cells through the down-regulation of NF-κB and up-regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 151:394-406. [PMID: 24211395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antrodia salmonea (AS) is known as a traditional Chinese medicine, but very few biological activities have been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic and anti-atherosclerotic potential of the fermented culture broth of AS against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human endothelial (EA.hy 926) cells. RESULTS The non-cytotoxic concentrations of AS significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced migration/invasion and capillary-like tube formation in EA.hy 926 cells. Furthermore, AS suppressed TNF-α-induced activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cell-surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which was associated with abridged adhesion of U937 leukocytes to endothelial cells. Moreover, AS significantly down-regulated TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) followed by suppression of I-κB degradation and phosphorylation of I-κB kinase-α (IKKα). Notably, the protective effect of AS was directly correlated with the increased expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCLC), which was reasoned by nuclear translocation and transactivation of NF-E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE). Furthermore, HO-1 knockdown by HO-1-specific shRNA diminished the protective effects of AS on TNF-α-stimulated invasion, tube formation, and U937 adhesion in EA.hy 926 cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that Antrodia salmonea may be useful for the prevention of angiogenesis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hebron C Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - K J Senthil Kumar
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huei Liao
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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19
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Forsythe LP, Gadalla SM, Hamilton JG, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Kent EE, Lai GY, Lin SW, Luhn P, Faupel-Badger JM. Enhancing a cancer prevention and control curriculum through interactive group discussions. J Cancer Educ 2012; 27:428-435. [PMID: 22661264 PMCID: PMC3540111 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-012-0376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Principles and Practice of Cancer Prevention and Control course (Principles course) is offered annually by the National Cancer Institute Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program. This 4-week postgraduate course covers the spectrum of cancer prevention and control research (e.g., epidemiology, laboratory, clinical, social, and behavioral sciences) and is open to attendees from medical, academic, government, and related institutions across the world. In this report, we describe a new addition to the Principles course syllabus, which was exclusively a lecture-based format for over 20 years. In 2011, cancer prevention fellows and staff designed and implemented small group discussion sessions as part of the curriculum. The goals of these sessions were to foster an interactive environment, discuss concepts presented during the Principles course, exchange ideas, and enhance networking among the course participants and provide a teaching and leadership opportunity to current cancer prevention fellows. Overall, both the participants and facilitators who returned the evaluation forms (n=61/87 and 8/10, respectively) reported a high satisfaction with the experience for providing both an opportunity to explore course concepts in a greater detail and to network with colleagues. Participants (93%) and facilitators (100%) stated that they would like to see this component remain a part of the Principles course curriculum, and both groups provided recommendations for the 2012 program. The design, implementation, and evaluation of this initial discussion group component of the Principles course are described herein. The findings in this report will not only inform future discussion group sessions in the Principles course but may also be useful to others planning to incorporate group learning into large primarily lecture-based courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Forsythe
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Lin CN, Kao CY, Miao CH, Hamaguchi N, Wu HL, Shi GY, Liu YL, High KA, Lin SW. Generation of a novel factor IX with augmented clotting activities in vitro and in vivo. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:1773-83. [PMID: 20492477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophilia B is an X-linked inherited disorder caused by the lack of functional factor IX (FIX). Currently, treatment of hemophilia B is performed by intravenous infusion of plasma-derived or recombinant FIX. OBJECTIVE In an effort to reduce factor usage and cost, we investigated the potential use of FIX variants with enhanced specific clotting activity. METHODS Seven recombinant FIX variants using alanine replacement were generated and assayed for their activity in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS One variant containing three substitutions (V86A/E277A/R338A, FIX-Triple) exhibited 13-fold higher specific clotting activity and a 10-fold increased affinity for human FVIIIa compared with FIX-wild-type (FIX-WT) and was thus investigated systematically in vivo. Liver-specific FIX-Triple gene expression following hydrodynamic plasmid delivery revealed a 3.5-fold higher specific clotting activity compared with FIX-WT. Human FIX-Triple and FIX-WT knock-in mice were generated and it was confirmed that FIX-Triple has 7-fold higher specific clotting activity than FIX-WT under normal physiological conditions. Protein infusion of FIX-Triple into hemophilia B mice resulted in greater improvement of hemostasis than that achieved with FIX-WT. Moreover, tail-vein administration of a serotype 8 recombinant Adeno-associated vector (AAV8) expressing either FIX-WT or FIX-Triple in hemophilia B mice demonstrated a 7-fold higher specific clotting activity of FIX-Triple than FIX-WT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the FIX-Triple variant exhibits significantly enhanced clotting activity relative to FIX-WT due to tighter binding to FVIIIa, as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, FIX-Triple is a good candidate for further evaluation in protein replacement therapy as well as gene-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Bergauer T, Dragicevic M, Erö J, Fabjan C, Friedl M, Frühwirth R, Ghete VM, Hammer J, Hänsel S, Hoch M, Hörmann N, Hrubec J, Jeitler M, Kasieczka G, Kiesenhofer W, Krammer M, Liko D, Mikulec I, Pernicka M, Rohringer H, Schöfbeck R, Strauss J, Taurok A, Teischinger F, Waltenberger W, Walzel G, Widl E, Wulz CE, Mossolov V, Shumeiko N, Suarez Gonzalez J, Benucci L, Ceard L, De Wolf EA, Hashemi M, Janssen X, Maes T, Mucibello L, Ochesanu S, Roland B, Rougny R, Selvaggi M, Van Haevermaet H, Van Mechelen P, Van Remortel N, Adler V, Beauceron S, Blyweert S, D'Hondt J, Devroede O, Kalogeropoulos A, Maes J, Maes M, Tavernier S, Van Doninck W, Van Mulders P, Villella I, Chabert EC, Charaf O, Clerbaux B, De Lentdecker G, Dero V, Gay APR, Hammad GH, Marage PE, Vander Velde C, Vanlaer P, Wickens J, Costantini S, Grunewald M, Klein B, Marinov A, Ryckbosch D, Thyssen F, Tytgat M, Vanelderen L, Verwilligen P, Walsh S, Zaganidis N, Basegmez S, Bruno G, Caudron J, De Favereau De Jeneret J, Delaere C, Demin P, Favart D, Giammanco A, Grégoire G, Hollar J, Lemaitre V, Militaru O, Ovyn S, Pagano D, Pin A, Piotrzkowski K, Quertenmont L, Schul N, Beliy N, Caebergs T, Daubie E, Alves GA, Pol ME, Souza MHG, Carvalho W, Da Costa EM, De Jesus Damiao D, De Oliveira Martins C, Fonseca De Souza S, Mundim L, Oguri V, Santoro A, Silva Do Amaral SM, Sznajder A, Torres Da Silva De Araujo F, Dias FA, Dias MAF, Fernandez Perez Tomei TR, Gregores EM, Marinho F, Novaes SF, Padula SS, Darmenov N, Dimitrov L, Genchev V, Iaydjiev P, Piperov S, Stoykova S, Sultanov G, Trayanov R, Vankov I, Dyulendarova M, Hadjiiska R, Kozhuharov V, Litov L, Marinova E, Mateev M, Pavlov B, Petkov P, Bian JG, Chen GM, Chen HS, Jiang CH, Liang D, Liang S, Wang J, Wang J, Wang X, Wang Z, Yang M, Zang J, Zhang Z, Ban Y, Guo S, Hu Z, Mao Y, Qian SJ, Teng H, Zhu B, Cabrera A, Carrillo Montoya CA, Gomez Moreno B, Ocampo Rios AA, Osorio Oliveros AF, Sanabria JC, Godinovic N, Lelas D, Lelas K, Plestina R, Polic D, Puljak I, Antunovic Z, Dzelalija M, Brigljevic V, Duric S, Kadija K, Morovic S, Attikis A, Fereos R, Galanti M, Mousa J, Nicolaou C, Papadakis A, Ptochos F, Razis PA, Rykaczewski H, Tsiakkouri D, Zinonos Z, Mahmoud M, Hektor A, Kadastik M, Kannike K, Müntel M, Raidal M, Rebane L, Azzolini V, Eerola P, Czellar S, Härkönen J, Heikkinen A, Karimäki V, Kinnunen R, Klem J, Kortelainen MJ, Lampén T, Lassila-Perini K, Lehti S, Lindén T, Luukka P, Mäenpää T, Tuominen E, Tuominiemi J, Tuovinen E, Ungaro D, Wendland L, Banzuzi K, Korpela A, Tuuva T, Sillou D, Besancon M, Dejardin M, Denegri D, Descamps J, Fabbro B, Faure JL, Ferri F, Ganjour S, Gentit FX, Givernaud A, Gras P, Hamel de Monchenault G, Jarry P, Locci E, Malcles J, Marionneau M, Millischer L, Rander J, Rosowsky A, Rousseau D, Titov M, Verrecchia P, Baffioni S, Bianchini L, Bluj M, Broutin C, Busson P, Charlot C, Dobrzynski L, Elgammal S, Granier de Cassagnac R, Haguenauer M, Kalinowski A, Miné P, Paganini P, Sabes D, Sirois Y, Thiebaux C, Zabi A, Agram JL, Besson A, Bloch D, Bodin D, Brom JM, Cardaci M, Conte E, Drouhin F, Ferro C, Fontaine JC, Gelé D, Goerlach U, Greder S, Juillot P, Karim M, Le Bihan AC, Mikami Y, Speck J, Van Hove P, Fassi F, Mercier D, Baty C, Beaupere N, Bedjidian M, Bondu O, Boudoul G, Boumediene D, Brun H, Chanon N, Chierici R, Contardo D, Depasse P, El Mamouni H, Fay J, Gascon S, Ille B, Kurca T, Le Grand T, Lethuillier M, Mirabito L, Perries S, Sordini V, Tosi S, Tschudi Y, Verdier P, Xiao H, Roinishvili V, Anagnostou G, Edelhoff M, Feld L, Heracleous N, Hindrichs O, Jussen R, Klein K, Merz J, Mohr N, Ostapchuk A, Perieanu A, Raupach F, Sammet J, Schael S, Sprenger D, Weber H, Weber M, Wittmer B, Actis O, Ata M, Bender W, Biallass P, Erdmann M, Frangenheim J, Hebbeker T, Hinzmann A, Hoepfner K, Hof C, Kirsch M, Klimkovich T, Kreuzer P, Lanske D, Magass C, Merschmeyer M, Meyer A, Papacz P, Pieta H, Reithler H, Schmitz SA, Sonnenschein L, Sowa M, Steggemann J, Teyssier D, Zeidler C, Bontenackels M, Davids M, Duda M, Flügge G, Geenen H, Giffels M, Haj Ahmad W, Heydhausen D, Kress T, Kuessel Y, Linn A, Nowack A, Perchalla L, Pooth O, Sauerland P, Stahl A, Thomas M, Tornier D, Zoeller MH, Aldaya Martin M, Behrenhoff W, Behrens U, Bergholz M, Borras K, Campbell A, Castro E, Dammann D, Eckerlin G, Flossdorf A, Flucke G, Geiser A, Hauk J, Jung H, Kasemann M, Katkov I, Kleinwort C, Kluge H, Knutsson A, Kuznetsova E, Lange W, Lohmann W, Mankel R, Marienfeld M, Melzer-Pellmann IA, Meyer AB, Mnich J, Mussgiller A, Olzem J, Parenti A, Raspereza A, Schmidt R, Schoerner-Sadenius T, Sen N, Stein M, Tomaszewska J, Volyanskyy D, Wissing C, Autermann C, Draeger J, Eckstein D, Enderle H, Gebbert U, Kaschube K, Kaussen G, Klanner R, Mura B, Naumann-Emme S, Nowak F, Sander C, Schettler H, Schleper P, Schröder M, Schum T, Schwandt J, Stadie H, Steinbrück G, Thomsen J, Wolf R, Bauer J, Buege V, Cakir A, Chwalek T, Daeuwel D, De Boer W, Dierlamm A, 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Petrillo G, Vishnevskiy D, Zielinski M, Bhatti A, Demortier L, Goulianos K, Hatakeyama K, Lungu G, Mesropian C, Yan M, Atramentov O, Gershtein Y, Gray R, Halkiadakis E, Hidas D, Hits D, Lath A, Rose K, Schnetzer S, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thomas S, Cerizza G, Hollingsworth M, Spanier S, Yang ZC, York A, Asaadi J, Eusebi R, Gilmore J, Gurrola A, Kamon T, Khotilovich V, Montalvo R, Nguyen CN, Pivarski J, Safonov A, Sengupta S, Toback D, Weinberger M, Akchurin N, Bardak C, Damgov J, Jeong C, Kovitanggoon K, Lee SW, Mane P, Roh Y, Sill A, Volobouev I, Wigmans R, Yazgan E, Appelt E, Brownson E, Engh D, Florez C, Gabella W, Johns W, Kurt P, Maguire C, Melo A, Sheldon P, Velkovska J, Arenton MW, Balazs M, Buehler M, Conetti S, Cox B, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Neu C, Yohay R, Gollapinni S, Gunthoti K, Harr R, Karchin PE, Mattson M, Milstène C, Sakharov A, Anderson M, Bachtis M, Bellinger JN, Carlsmith D, Dasu S, Dutta S, Efron J, Gray L, Grogg KS, Grothe M, Herndon M, Klabbers P, Klukas J, Lanaro A, Lazaridis C, Leonard J, Lomidze D, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Polese G, Reeder D, Savin A, Smith WH, Swanson J, Weinberg M. First measurement of Bose-Einstein correlations in proton-proton collisions at √s=0.9 and 2.36 TeV at the LHC. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:032001. [PMID: 20867758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.032001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bose-Einstein correlations have been measured using samples of proton-proton collisions at 0.9 and 2.36 TeV center-of-mass energies, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of same-sign charged particles with small relative four-momentum. The size of the correlated particle emission region is seen to increase significantly with the particle multiplicity of the event.
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Kotlinski D, Langenegger U, Meier F, Renker D, Rohe T, Sibille J, Starodumov A, Caminada L, Chen Z, Cittolin S, Dissertori G, Dittmar M, Eugster J, Freudenreich K, Grab C, Hervé A, Hintz W, Lecomte P, Lustermann W, Marchica C, Meridiani P, Milenovic P, Moortgat F, Nardulli A, Nessi-Tedaldi F, Pape L, Pauss F, Punz T, Rizzi A, Ronga FJ, Sala L, Sanchez AK, Sawley MC, Schinzel D, Sordini V, Stieger B, Tauscher L, Thea A, Theofilatos K, Treille D, Weber M, Wehrli L, Weng J, Amsler C, Chiochia V, De Visscher S, Ivova Rikova M, Millan Mejias B, Regenfus C, Robmann P, Rommerskirchen T, Schmidt A, Tsirigkas D, Wilke L, Chang YH, Chen KH, Chen WT, Go A, Kuo CM, Li SW, Lin W, Liu MH, Lu YJ, Wu JH, Yu SS, Bartalini P, Chang P, Chang YH, Chang YW, Chao Y, Chen KF, Hou WS, Hsiung Y, Kao KY, Lei YJ, Lin SW, Lu RS, Shiu JG, Tzeng YM, Ueno K, Wang CC, Wang M, Wei JT, Adiguzel A, Ayhan A, Bakirci MN, Cerci S, Demir Z, Dozen C, Dumanoglu I, Eskut E, Girgis S, Gökbulut G, Güler Y, Gurpinar E, Hos I, Kangal EE, Karaman T, Kayis Topaksu A, Nart A, Onengüt G, Ozdemir K, Ozturk S, Polatöz A, Sahin O, Sengul O, Sogut K, Tali B, Topakli H, Uzun D, Vergili LN, Vergili M, Zorbilmez C, Akin IV, Aliev T, Bilmis S, Deniz M, Gamsizkan H, Guler AM, Ocalan K, Ozpineci A, Serin M, Sever R, Surat UE, Zeyrek M, Deliomeroglu M, Demir D, Gülmez E, Halu A, Isildak B, Kaya M, Kaya O, Ozbek M, Ozkorucuklu S, Sonmez N, Levchuk L, Bell P, Bostock F, Brooke JJ, Cheng TL, Cussans D, Frazier R, Goldstein J, Hansen M, Heath GP, Heath HF, Hill C, Huckvale B, Jackson J, Kreczko L, Mackay CK, Metson S, Newbold DM, Nirunpong K, Smith VJ, Ward S, Basso L, Bell KW, Belyaev A, Brew C, Brown RM, Camanzi B, Cockerill DJA, Coughlan JA, Harder K, Harper S, Kennedy BW, Olaiya E, Radburn-Smith BC, Shepherd-Themistocleous CH, Tomalin IR, Womersley WJ, Worm SD, Bainbridge R, Ball G, Ballin J, Beuselinck R, Buchmuller O, Colling D, Cripps N, Cutajar M, Davies G, Della Negra M, Foudas C, Fulcher J, Futyan D, Guneratne Bryer A, Hall G, Hatherell Z, Hays J, Iles G, Karapostoli G, Lyons L, Magnan AM, Marrouche J, Nandi R, Nash J, Nikitenko A, Papageorgiou A, Pesaresi M, Petridis K, Pioppi M, Raymond DM, Rompotis N, Rose A, Ryan MJ, Seez C, Sharp P, Sparrow A, Stoye M, Tapper A, Tourneur S, Vazquez Acosta M, Virdee T, Wakefield S, Wardrope D, Whyntie T, Barrett M, Chadwick M, Cole JE, Hobson PR, Khan A, Kyberd P, Leslie D, Reid ID, Teodorescu L, Bose T, Clough A, Heister A, St John J, Lawson P, Lazic D, Rohlf J, Sulak L, Andrea J, Avetisyan A, Bhattacharya S, Chou JP, Cutts D, Esen S, Heintz U, Jabeen S, Kukartsev G, Landsberg G, Narain M, Nguyen D, Speer T, Tsang KV, Borgia MA, Breedon R, Calderon De La Barca Sanchez M, Cebra D, Chertok M, Conway J, Cox PT, Dolen J, Erbacher R, Friis E, Ko W, Kopecky A, Lander R, Liu H, Maruyama S, Miceli T, Nikolic M, Pellett D, Robles J, Schwarz T, Searle M, Smith J, Squires M, Tripathi M, Vasquez Sierra R, Veelken C, Andreev V, Arisaka K, Cline D, Cousins R, Deisher A, Erhan S, Farrell C, Felcini M, Hauser J, Ignatenko M, Jarvis C, Plager C, Rakness G, Schlein P, Tucker J, Valuev V, Wallny R, Babb J, Clare R, Ellison J, Gary JW, Hanson G, Jeng GY, Kao SC, Liu F, Liu H, Luthra A, Nguyen H, Pasztor G, Satpathy A, Shen BC, Stringer R, Sturdy J, Sumowidagdo S, Wilken R, Wimpenny S, Andrews W, Branson JG, Dusinberre E, Evans D, Golf F, Holzner A, Kelley R, Lebourgeois M, Letts J, Mangano B, Muelmenstaedt J, Padhi S, Palmer C, Petrucciani G, Pi H, Pieri M, Ranieri R, Sani M, Sharma V, Simon S, Tu Y, Vartak A, Würthwein F, Yagil A, Barge D, Blume M, Campagnari C, D'Alfonso M, Danielson T, Garberson J, Incandela J, Justus C, Kalavase P, Koay SA, Kovalskyi D, Krutelyov V, Lamb J, Lowette S, Pavlunin V, Rebassoo F, Ribnik J, Richman J, Rossin R, Stuart D, To W, Vlimant JR, Witherell M, Bornheim A, Bunn J, Gataullin M, Kcira D, Litvine V, Ma Y, Newman HB, Rogan C, Shin K, Timciuc V, Veverka J, Wilkinson R, Yang Y, Zhu RY, Akgun B, Carroll R, Ferguson T, Jang DW, Jun SY, Paulini M, Russ J, Terentyev N, Vogel H, Vorobiev I, Cumalat JP, Dinardo ME, Drell BR, Ford WT, Heyburn B, Luiggi Lopez E, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Stenson K, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Zang SL, Agostino L, Alexander J, Blekman F, Chatterjee A, Das S, Eggert N, Fields LJ, Gibbons LK, Heltsley B, Hopkins W, Khukhunaishvili A, Kreis B, Kuznetsov V, Kaufman GN, Patterson JR, Puigh D, Riley D, Ryd A, Shi X, Sun W, Teo WD, Thom J, Thompson J, Vaughan J, Weng Y, Wittich P, Biselli A, Cirino G, Winn D, Abdullin S, Albrow M, Anderson J, Apollinari G, Atac M, Bakken JA, Banerjee S, Bauerdick LAT, Beretvas A, Berryhill J, Bhat PC, Bloch I, Borcherding F, Burkett K, Butler JN, Chetluru V, Cheung HWK, Chlebana F, Cihangir S, Demarteau M, Eartly DP, Elvira VD, Fisk I, Freeman J, Gao Y, Gottschalk E, Green D, Gutsche O, Hahn A, Hanlon J, Harris RM, James E, Jensen H, Johnson M, Joshi U, Khatiwada R, Kilminster B, Klima B, Kousouris K, Kunori S, Kwan S, Limon P, Lipton R, Lykken J, Maeshima K, Marraffino JM, Mason D, McBride P, McCauley T, Miao T, Mishra K, Mrenna S, Musienko Y, Newman-Holmes C, O'Dell V, Popescu S, Pordes R, Prokofyev O, Saoulidou N, Sexton-Kennedy E, Sharma S, Smith RP, Soha A, Spalding WJ, Spiegel L, Tan P, Taylor L, Tkaczyk S, Uplegger L, Vaandering EW, Vidal R, Whitmore J, Wu W, Yumiceva F, Yun JC, Acosta D, Avery P, Bourilkov D, Chen M, Di Giovanni GP, Dobur D, Drozdetskiy A, Field RD, Fu Y, Furic IK, Gartner J, Kim B, Klimenko S, Konigsberg J, Korytov A, Kotov K, Kropivnitskaya A, Kypreos T, Matchev K, Mitselmakher G, Pakhotin Y, Piedra Gomez J, Prescott C, Remington R, Schmitt M, Scurlock B, Sellers P, Wang D, Yelton J, Zakaria M, Ceron C, Gaultney V, Kramer L, Lebolo LM, Linn S, Markowitz P, Martinez G, Mesa D, Rodriguez JL, Adams T, Askew A, Chen J, Diamond B, Gleyzer SV, Haas J, Hagopian S, Hagopian V, Jenkins M, Johnson KF, Prosper H, Sekmen S, Veeraraghavan V, Baarmand MM, Guragain S, Hohlmann M, Kalakhety H, Mermerkaya H, Ralich R, Vodopiyanov I, Adams MR, Anghel IM, Apanasevich L, Bazterra VE, Betts RR, Callner J, Cavanaugh R, Dragoiu C, Garcia-Solis EJ, Gerber CE, Hofman DJ, Khalatian S, Lacroix F, Shabalina E, Smoron A, Strom D, Varelas N, Akgun U, Albayrak EA, Bilki B, Cankocak K, Clarida W, Duru F, Lae CK, McCliment E, Merlo JP, Mestvirishvili A, Moeller A, Nachtman J, Newsom CR, Norbeck E, Olson J, Onel Y, Ozok F, Sen S, Wetzel J, Yetkin T, Yi K, Barnett BA, Blumenfeld B, Bonato A, Eskew C, Fehling D, Giurgiu G, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Hu G, Maksimovic P, Rappoccio S, Swartz M, Tran NV, Whitbeck A, Baringer P, Bean A, Benelli G, Grachov O, Murray M, Radicci V, Sanders S, Wood JS, Zhukova V, Bandurin D, Bolton T, Chakaberia I, Ivanov A, Kaadze K, Maravin Y, Shrestha S, Svintradze I, Wan Z, Gronberg J, Lange D, Wright D, Baden D, Boutemeur M, Eno SC, Ferencek D, Hadley NJ, Kellogg RG, Kirn M, Mignerey A, Rossato K, Rumerio P, Santanastasio F, Skuja A, Temple J, Tonjes MB, Tonwar SC, Twedt E, Alver B, Bauer G, Bendavid J, Busza W, Butz E, Cali IA, Chan M, D'Enterria D, Everaerts P, Gomez Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Hahn KA, Harris P, Kim Y, Klute M, Lee YJ, Li W, Loizides C, Luckey PD, Ma T, Nahn S, Paus C, Roland C, Roland G, Rudolph M, Stephans GSF, Sumorok K, Sung K, Wenger EA, Wyslouch B, Xie S, Yilmaz Y, Yoon AS, Zanetti M, Cole P, Cooper SI, Cushman P, Dahmes B, De Benedetti A, Dudero PR, Franzoni G, Haupt J, Klapoetke K, Kubota Y, Mans J, Petyt D, Rekovic V, Rusack R, Sasseville M, Singovsky A, Cremaldi LM, Godang R, Kroeger R, Perera L, Rahmat R, Sanders DA, Sonnek P, Summers D, Bloom K, Bose S, Butt J, Claes DR, Dominguez A, Eads M, Keller J, Kelly T, Kravchenko I, Lazo-Flores J, Lundstedt C, Malbouisson H, Malik S, Snow GR, Baur U, Iashvili I, Kharchilava A, Kumar A, Smith K, Strang M, Zennamo J, Alverson G, Barberis E, Baumgartel D, Boeriu O, Reucroft S, Swain J, Wood D, Zhang J, Anastassov A, Kubik A, Ofierzynski RA, Pozdnyakov A, Schmitt M, Stoynev S, Velasco M, Won S, Antonelli L, Berry D, Hildreth M, Jessop C, Karmgard DJ, Kolb J, Kolberg T, Lannon K, Lynch S, Marinelli N, Morse DM, Ruchti R, Slaunwhite J, Valls N, Warchol J, Wayne M, Ziegler J, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Gu J, Killewald P, Ling TY, Williams G, Adam N, Berry E, Elmer P, Gerbaudo D, Halyo V, Hunt A, Jones J, Laird E, Lopes Pegna D, Marlow D, Medvedeva T, Mooney M, Olsen J, Piroué P, Stickland D, Tully C, Werner JS, Zuranski A, Acosta JG, Huang XT, Lopez A, Mendez H, Oliveros S, Ramirez Vargas JE, Zatzerklyaniy A, Alagoz E, Barnes VE, Bolla G, Borrello L, Bortoletto D, Everett A, Garfinkel AF, Gecse Z, Gutay L, Jones M, Koybasi O, Laasanen AT, Leonardo N, Liu C, Maroussov V, Merkel P, Miller DH, Neumeister N, Potamianos K, Shipsey I, Silvers D, Yoo HD, Zablocki J, Zheng Y, Jindal P, Parashar N, Cuplov V, Ecklund KM, Geurts FJM, Liu JH, Morales J, Padley BP, Redjimi R, Roberts J, Betchart B, Bodek A, Chung YS, de Barbaro P, Demina R, Flacher H, Garcia-Bellido A, Gotra Y, Han J, Harel A, Miner DC, Orbaker D, Petrillo G, Vishnevskiy D, Zielinski M, Bhatti A, Demortier L, Goulianos K, Hatakeyama K, Lungu G, Mesropian C, Yan M, Atramentov O, Gershtein Y, Gray R, Halkiadakis E, Hidas D, Hits D, Lath A, Rose K, Schnetzer S, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thomas S, Cerizza G, Hollingsworth M, Spanier S, Yang ZC, York A, Asaadi J, Eusebi R, Gilmore J, Gurrola A, Kamon T, Khotilovich V, Montalvo R, Nguyen CN, Pivarski J, Safonov A, Sengupta S, Toback D, Weinberger M, Akchurin N, Bardak C, Damgov J, Jeong C, Kovitanggoon K, Lee SW, Mane P, Roh Y, Sill A, Volobouev I, Wigmans R, Yazgan E, Appelt E, Brownson E, Engh D, Florez C, Gabella W, Johns W, Kurt P, Maguire C, Melo A, Sheldon P, Velkovska J, Arenton MW, Balazs M, Buehler M, Conetti S, Cox B, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Neu C, Yohay R, Gollapinni S, Gunthoti K, Harr R, Karchin PE, Mattson M, Milstène C, Sakharov A, Anderson M, Bachtis M, Bellinger JN, Carlsmith D, Dasu S, Dutta S, Efron J, Gray L, Grogg KS, Grothe M, Hall-Wilton R, Herndon M, Klabbers P, Klukas J, Lanaro A, Lazaridis C, Leonard J, Lomidze D, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Polese G, Reeder D, Savin A, Smith WH, Swanson J, Weinberg M. Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at square root of s = 7 TeV. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:022002. [PMID: 20867699 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at square root of s = 7 TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity dN(ch)/dη|(|η|<0.5) = 5.78 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.23(syst) for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from square root of s = 0.9 to 7 TeV is [66.1 ± 1.0(stat) ± 4.2(syst)]%. The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545 ± 0.005(stat) ± 0.015(syst) GeV/c. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies.
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Abstract
The discovery of a class of electrochemical-mechanical oscillators-similar to the beating mercury heart -are reported and characterized. Chemical and physical effects on the voltage-time oscillations in these systems have been measured and a mechanism consistent with these effects is given. Interesting cross-catalytic effects involving the electrocapillarity of mercury are proposed to be the origin of the oscillations in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lin
- Chemistry Department, University of California, Davis, Calif. 95616
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Lin CH, Chen YH, Lin SW, Chang CL, Huang YC, Chang JY. Electro-optic narrowband multi-wavelength filter in aperiodically poled lithium niobate. Opt Express 2007; 15:9859-9866. [PMID: 19547336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.009859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on an iterative design scheme for and the first experimental demonstration of active narrowband multi-wavelength filters based on aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystals. A simultaneous transmission of 8 wavelengths, each with a ~0.45-nm linewidth and nearly 100% peak transmittance, was achieved in such a device. The transmission spectrum of this device can be tuned by temperature at a rate of ~0.65 nm/ degrees C.
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Chen SC, Shao CL, Liang CK, Lin SW, Huang TH, Hsieh MC, Yang CH, Luo CH, Wuo CM. A text input system developed by using lips image recognition based LabVIEW for the seriously disabled. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:4940-3. [PMID: 17271421 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1404365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a text input system for the seriously disabled by using lips image recognition based on LabVIEW. This system can be divided into the software subsystem and the hardware subsystem. In the software subsystem, we adopted the technique of image processing to recognize the status of mouth-opened or mouth-closed depending the relative distance between the upper lip and the lower lip. In the hardware subsystem, parallel port built in PC is used to transmit the recognized result of mouth status to the Morse-code text input system. Integrating the software subsystem with the hardware subsystem, we implement a text input system by using lips image recognition programmed in LabVIEW language. We hope the system can help the seriously disabled to communicate with normal people more easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chen
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lin SW, Cun AS, Harris-McCoy K, Ertl HC. Intramuscular rather than oral administration of replication-defective adenoviral vaccine vector induces specific CD8+ T cell responses in the gut. Vaccine 2006; 25:2187-93. [PMID: 17229501 PMCID: PMC1839821 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the primary replication site for HIV-1, resulting in a pronounced CD4(+) T cell loss in this tissue during primary infection. A mucosal vaccine that generates HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the gut could prevent the establishment of founder populations and broadcasting of virus. Here, we immunized mice orally and systemically with a chimpanzee derived adenoviral vector expressing HIV gag (AdC68gag) and measured frequencies of gag-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) producing CD8(+) T cells in the GALT. A single oral administration was inefficient at eliciting responses in the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's Patches, while a single intramuscular administration elicited strong systemic and detectable mucosal responses. The gag-specific CD8(+) T cell responses were present in both acute and memory phases following intramuscular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lin
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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28
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Abe K, Abe K, Abe N, Abe T, Adachi I, Aihara H, Akai K, Akatsu M, Akemoto M, Asano Y, Aso T, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Bakich AM, Ban Y, Banerjee S, Bay A, Bedny I, Bizjak I, Bondar A, Bozek A, Bracko M, Browder TE, Chao Y, Chen KF, Cheon BG, Chistov R, Choi SK, Choi Y, Chuvikov A, Cole S, Danilov M, Dragic J, Drutskoy A, Eidelman S, Eiges V, Enari Y, Epifanov D, Flanagan J, Furukawa K, Gabyshev N, Garmash A, Gershon T, Golob B, Haba J, Hara K, Hastings NC, Hayashii H, Hazumi M, Hinz L, Hokuue T, Hoshi Y, Hou WS, Hsiung YB, Huang HC, Iijima T, Ikeda H, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Ishino H, Itoh R, Iwasaki H, Iwasaki M, Iwasaki Y, Kakuno H, Kamitani T, Kang JH, Kang JS, Kapusta P, Kataoka SU, Katayama N, Kawai H, Kawasaki T, Kibayashi A, Kichimi H, Kikutani E, Kim HJ, Kim JH, Kim SK, Kinoshita K, Koppenburg P, Korpar S, Krizan P, Krokovny P, Kumar S, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Leder G, Lee SH, Lee YJ, Lesiak T, Li J, Limosani A, Lin SW, Liventsev D, MacNaughton J, Mandl F, Marlow D, Matsumoto H, Matsumoto T, Matyja A, Michizono S, Mimashi T, Mitaroff W, Miyabayashi K, Miyake H, Miyata H, Mohapatra D, Moloney GR, Murakami A, Nagamine T, Nagasaka Y, Nakadaira T, Nakamura TT, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nakazawa H, Natkaniec Z, Neichi K, Nishida S, Nitoh O, Noguchi S, Nozaki T, Ogawa S, Ogawa Y, Ohmi K, Ohshima T, Ohuchi N, Oide K, Okabe T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Ostrowicz W, Ozaki H, Pakhlov P, Palka H, Park CW, Park H, Parslow N, Piilonen LE, Root N, Rozanska M, Sagawa H, Sakai Y, Schneider O, Schümann J, Schwanda C, Schwartz AJ, Semenov S, Senyo K, Shibuya H, Shidara T, Shwartz B, Sidorov V, Singh JB, Soni N, Stamen R, Stanic S, Staric M, Sugahara R, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Tajima O, Takasaki F, Tamai K, Tamura N, Tanaka M, Tawada M, Teramoto Y, Tomura T, Tsuboyama T, Tsukamoto T, Uehara S, Uglov T, Ueno K, Unno Y, Uno S, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CC, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Watanabe Y, Yabsley BD, Yamada Y, Yamaguchi A, Yamashita Y, Yamauchi M, Yanai H, Yang H, Ying J, Yokoyama M, Yoshida M, Yusa Y, Zhang CC, Zhang ZP, Ziegler T, Zontar D, Zürcher D. Observation of large CP violation and evidence for direct CP violation in B0-->pi(+)pi(-) decays. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:021601. [PMID: 15323897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.021601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of CP violation in B0-->pi(+)pi(-) decays based on 152x10(6) gamma (4S)-->BB decays collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. We reconstruct a B0-->pi(+)pi(-) CP eigenstate and identify the flavor of the accompanying B meson from its decay products. From the distribution of the time intervals between the two B meson decay points, we obtain A(pipi)=+0.58+/-0.15(stat)+/-0.07(syst) and S(pipi)=-1.00+/-0.21(stat)+/-0.07(syst). We rule out the CP-conserving case, A(pipi)=S(pipi)=0, at a level of 5.2 standard deviations. We also find evidence for direct CP violation with a significance at or greater than 3.2 standard deviations for any S(pipi) value.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abe
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba
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Abstract
In breeding is known to impair the health, fertility, and productivity of dairy cattle and other livestock species. Mating programs can address inbreeding concerns on the farm, at least in the short term, but long-term control of inbreeding in a dairy population requires consideration of relationships between young bulls entering AI progeny test programs. The present study discusses an application of optimal contribution methodology to selection of young AI bulls in the five major US dairy breeds. Elite cows and active AI sires from the Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, and Jersey breeds were considered as potential bull parents. Genetic merit of selected sires and dams was maximized subject to various constraints on the mean additive genetic relationship within the selected group. Relationships between selected parents can be reduced substantially relative to current levels, but the corresponding reduction in genetic merit may be large. This loss in genetic merit occurs due to lower selection intensity, although it is mainly a reflection of a larger number of bull parents (with progeny more evenly distributed among these parents), rather than selection of genetically inferior "outcross" parents that wouldn't otherwise have been considered. Selected parents were generally older and slightly less inbred than those that would have been chosen had inbreeding been ignored. Although severe restrictions on relationships can be costly, in terms of lost genetic progress, it appears that moderate constraints can keep relationships at a manageable level without a significant loss in genetic merit. Cooperation between breed associations and several competing AI companies may be required to facilitate implementation of this methodology in dispersed populations, but if this can be accomplished, prospects for achieving a balance between inbreeding and selection seem positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Weigel
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
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Lin SW, Lee MT, Ke FC, Lee PP, Huang CJ, Ip MM, Chen L, Hwang JJ. TGFbeta1 stimulates the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and the invasive behavior in human ovarian cancer cells, which is suppressed by MMP inhibitor BB3103. Clin Exp Metastasis 2001; 18:493-9. [PMID: 11592306 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011888126865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the modulatory role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1) on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tested whether the altered secretion of MMPs could directly affect the invasive behavior of ovarian cancer cells. To this aim, human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were treated once with vehicle or various concentrations of TGFbeta1 for 24 h. Gelatinase activities in conditioned media were analyzed by zymography and densitometry. TGFbeta1 dose-dependently stimulated the secretion of a 68-kDa gelatinase, which was characterized as an MMP because its activity was inhibited by a metalloproteinase inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline, and by a synthetic MMP inhibitor BB3103. In addition, we used aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA) to activate latent gelatinases. APMA time-dependently decreased the activity of 68-kDa gelatinase, and increased the activities of 64- and 62-kDa gelatinolytic bands. The 68-kDa gelatinase was further characterized as MMP2 (gelatinase A) by immunoblotting analysis. We then tested TGFbeta1 effect on the invasive potential of SKOV3 cells as assessed by the migration ability through reconstituted basement membrane, and further investigated whether TGFbeta1 may act through modulating the MMP activity to affect ovarian cancer cell invasion. The results show that TGFbeta1 stimulated the invasive behavior of SKOV3 cells, and that MMP inhibitor BB3103 abrogated this effect of TGFbeta1. In conclusion, this study indicates that TGFbeta1 may act partly through stimulating the secretion of MMP in promoting the invasive behavior of human ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, this work supports the idea that specific MMP inhibitors of the hydroxamate class could be therapeutically useful in controlling cancer cell invasion/metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lin
- Institute of Physiology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu YC, Hamaguchi N, Chang YJ, Lin SW. The distinct roles that Gln-192 and Glu-217 of factor IX play in selectivity for macromolecular substrates and inhibitors. Biochemistry 2001; 40:11261-9. [PMID: 11551226 DOI: 10.1021/bi010262t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report functional characterization of positions 192 and 217 (chymotrypsinogen numbering system) in human factor IX and discuss the distinction and similarity of these two sites among the blood coagulation factors. Recombinant factor IXQ192E (residue glutamine at position 192 replaced by glutamic acid), IXQ192K, IXE217D, and IXE217R proteins exhibited 11%, 46%, 39%, and 2% of the wild-type factor IX's clotting activity, respectively. Binding of these variants to factor VIIIa (FVIIIa) was inefficient compared to that of wild-type factor IX, and the dissociation constants doubled for IXQ192E, 3-fold higher for IXQ192K and 4-fold higher for both IXE217D and IXE217R. In the presence of FVIIIa, all variant factor IX hydrolyzed factor X at the catalytic efficiencies correlating with respective clotting activities. However, FVIIIa greatly enhanced the catalytic efficiency of both IXE217 variants to a greater extent (approximately 7 x 10(4)-fold) as compared to its effect on the wild-type factor IXa and the other two IXQ192 variants [by a factor of (1-2) x 10(4)]. Moreover, while both IXQ192 variants demonstrated small substrate selectivity similar to that of wild-type factor IXa, the selectivity of both IXE217 variants was greatly altered. Mutations at position 192 disturbed the interaction of factor IXa with physiological inhibitors. Although all variants formed an SDS-stable complex with antithrombin III (ATIII) equally well in the presence of heparin and were readily inhibited by ATIII in the absence of heparin, activated IXQ192K exhibited a slower stable complex formation with ATIII without heparin. On the other hand, only IXQ192E showed decreased interaction with TFPI. Our results demonstrate that positions 192 and 217 play different roles unique to factor IX in specifying the interaction of factor IX with substrates and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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32
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Kane SE, Matsumoto L, Metz MZ, Donohue CA, Lingeman RG, Lin SW, Doroshow JH. MDR1 bicistronic vectors: analysis of selection stringency, amplified gene expression, and vector stability in cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 62:693-704. [PMID: 11551514 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(01)00727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The human multidrug resistance-1 gene (MDR1) is a dominant selectable and amplifiable marker in mammalian tissue culture cells. MDR1 is also being investigated as a gene therapy tool, both to protect normal cells against chemotherapy-related toxicity and to serve as an in vivo selectable marker for the overexpression of non-selectable therapeutic genes. The success of these strategies will depend on whether MDR1 expression can be sustained at levels high enough to confer a survival advantage on target cells. However, the MDR1 selection system is quite stringent, requiring high gene expression for transduced cells to survive in the presence of drug. The current report is a detailed molecular analysis of MDR1 selection stringency compared with the common neo selectable marker. A bicistronic vector encoding MDR1 and neo genes linked through an internal ribosome entry site was transferred into NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and K562 human leukemia cells; cells were then exposed to colchicine (to select for MDR1 expression) or to G418 (to select for neo expression). Surviving populations and individual clones of cells were analyzed for expression levels of MDR1 and neo gene products; resistance to colchicine, paclitaxel, and G418; level and integrity of bicistronic mRNA; and structural integrity, integration number, and copy number of vector DNA. These studies provide direct evidence that colchicine selection is more stringent than G418 selection; that increased selection pressure with colchicine leads to increased gene expression; that increased gene expression can be accommodated primarily by gene amplification, even within an individual transduced clone and starting from a single-copy proviral integration event; and that the clonal diversity of a transduced population of cells is influenced significantly by the stringency of selection. Taken together, these results have important implications for the potential utility of MDR1 as a selectable marker and as a gene therapy tool in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Kane
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Abstract
The eukaryotic ribosomal 5S RNA-protein complex (5S rRNP) is formed by a co-translational event that requires 5S rRNA binding to the nascent peptide chain of eukaryotic ribosomal protein L5. Binding between 5S rRNA and the nascent chain is specific: neither the 5S rRNA nor the nascent chain of L5 protein can be substituted by other RNAs or other ribosomal proteins. The region responsible for binding 5S rRNA is located at positions 35-50 with amino acid sequence RLVIQDIKNKYNTPKYRM. Eukaryotic 5S rRNA binds a nascent chain having this sequence, but such binding is not substantive enough to form a 5S-associated RNP complex, suggesting that 5S rRNA binding to the nascent chain is amino acid sequence dependent and that formation of the 5S rRNP complex is L5 protein specific. Microinjection of 5S rRNP complex into the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes results in both an increase in the initial rate and also in the extent of net nuclear import of L5. This suggests that the 5S rRNP complex enhances nuclear transport of L5. We propose that 5S rRNA plays a chaperone-like role in folding of the nascent chain of L5 and directs L5 into a 5S rRNP complex for nuclear entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lin
- Institute of Genetics, National Yang-Ming University, Shih-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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34
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Abstract
Epitopes recognized by factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors of Chinese origin were analysed by immunoblotting with full-length recombinant FVIII (rFVIII), thrombin-activated FVIII (FVIIIa) and 16 FVIII fusion proteins synthesized by bacteria. Twenty-eight patients, 12 with haemophilia A and 16 with autoimmune diseases, were recruited. Antibodies from 22 patients showed reactivity with rFVIII, 20 with FVIIIa, and one reacted only with FVIII fusion proteins. Of these 22 cases, most were reactive with A2-a2 and A3-C1-C2 of FVIII(a). Of the nine cases that depicted binding to the fusion proteins, three were reactive with the A domains, three with only the B domain, and the other three with both the A and B (or C) domains. An epitope for a neutralizing antibody of a haemophilia A patient, designated TWN-112, was localized to residues 323-390, specified by FVIII fusion proteins. The same epitope also appeared on an FVIII-expression phage library screening. Immunoabsorption of antibodies from TWN-112 with the epitope reduced the neutralizing activity of the inhibitor by 33%. The incidence of a1 of FVIII is higher, and that of a3 is lower, than previously reported. Two novel epitopes, reported for the first time in this paper, were localized on the 8B2 (amino acid residues 1022-1204) and 8A2(V) (residues 673-740) fusion proteins. These two epitopes were able to reduce inhibitory antibody activity by 24% and 25% respectively. Changes of FVIII fragment specificity were also observed in one of six patients for whom multiple samples, collected at different times, were available. Our initial finding showed that the FVIII inhibitors in these Chinese patients shared epitopes with those of patients from very different genetic backgrounds, suggesting a common mechanism for the development of FVIII inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Graduate Institute of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Umek RM, Lin SW, Vielmetter J, Terbrueggen RH, Irvine B, Yu CJ, Kayyem JF, Yowanto H, Blackburn GF, Farkas DH, Chen YP. Electronic detection of nucleic acids: a versatile platform for molecular diagnostics. J Mol Diagn 2001; 3:74-84. [PMID: 11333303 PMCID: PMC1907350 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel platform for the electronic detection of nucleic acids on microarrays is introduced and shown to perform well as a selective detection system for applications in molecular diagnostics. A gold electrode in a printed circuit board is coated with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) containing DNA capture probes. Unlabeled nucleic acid targets are immobilized on the surface of the SAM through sequence-specific hybridization with the DNA capture probe. A separate signaling probe, containing ferrocene-modified nucleotides and complementary to the target in the region adjoining the capture probe binding site, is held in close proximity to the SAM in a sandwich complex. The SAM allows electron transfer between the immobilized ferrocenes and the gold, while insulating the electrode from soluble redox species, including unbound signaling probes. Here, we demonstrate sequence-specific detection of amplicons after simple dilution of the reaction product into hybridization buffer. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism discrimination is shown. A genotyping chip for the C282Y single nucleotide polymorphism associated with hereditary hemochromatosis is used to confirm the genotype of six patients' DNA. In addition, a gene expression-monitoring chip is described that surveys five genes that are differentially regulated in the cellular apoptosis response. Finally, custom modification of individual electrodes through sequence-specific hybridization demonstrates the potential of this system for infectious disease diagnostics. The versatility of the electronic detection platform makes it suitable for multiple applications in diagnostics and pharmacogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Umek
- Clinical Micro Sensors Division of Motorola, Inc., Pasadena, California 91105, USA
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36
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Huang CC, Li LT, Shen MC, Chen JY, Lin SW. Domain specific monoclonal anti-factor VIII antibodies generated by inclusion body-renatured factor VIII peptides. Thromb Res 2001; 101:405-15. [PMID: 11297757 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(00)00417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Production of monoclonal anti-factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies was hampered by the availability of FVIII proteins devoid of albumin and the von Willebrand factor (vWF). We showed a successful way to generate domain specific anti-FVIII antibodies by using a series of Escherichia coli expressed FVIII fusion peptides. A total of eight fusion peptides were synthesized to cover almost the entire coding region of FVIII. All except one of the fusion peptides were insoluble and became aggregated as inclusion bodies. Purification and refolding of the peptides were accomplished by solublizing them with denaturants and dialyzing them in appropriate buffers, this being followed by chromatography of the refolded fractions on a metal-ion chelating column. These purified FVIII fusion peptides were used individually or as a pool to immunize mice and generate antibodies. Three monoclonal antibodies, D2, E6 and B12, were obtained. D2 recognizes a region (residues 1680-1703) of the light chain of FVIII, E6 recognizes a fragment (residues 744-1021) in the heavy chain, and B12, the A1 domain (residues 89-326). Both D2 and B12 inhibited >80% FVIII function. The affinities (k(A)) of the antibodies for FVIII were 1.62x10(7) M(-1) for D2 and 2.2x10(8) M(-1) for E6. Although B12 is inhibitory, it did not show a strong binding affinity with FVIII. The specificity of D2 and E6 for FVIII was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation of the FVIII protein in full-length recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) supplemented FVIII-deficient plasma, but not in FVIII-deficient plasma alone. An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) using D2 or E6 was designed to detect plasma FVIII. The system may be useful in monitoring FVIII in cultured supernatants and in mouse models for gene therapy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Abstract
The genetic defects of four Taiwanese patients with factor VII (FVII) deficiency were studied. FVII activity and antigen levels were < 1 u/dl and 125.7 u/dl (patient I), < 1 u/dl and < 1 u/dl (patient II), 3.4 u/dl and 5.9 u/dl (patient III), and 1.2 u/dl and 30.4 u/dl (patient IV) respectively. The 5' flanking region, and all exons and junctions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Patient I was homozygous for a 10824C-->A transversion with Pro303-->Thr mutation in exon 8. In patient II, a heterozygous transversion, 9007+1G-->T at the IVS6, a heterozygous decanucleotide insertion polymorphism at -323 (both mutations present in his father) and a heterozygous deletion, del TC (26-27) in exon 1A (originating from his mother) were identified. Patient III had a homozygous 10961T-->G transversion with His348-->Gln mutation in exon 8. Patient IV had a heterozygous 10902T-->G transversion with Cys329-->Gly mutation in exon 8 (transmitted to her second son) and a heterozygous decanucleotide insertion polymorphism at -323 (transmitted to her third son). All but one of the FVII gene mutations detected in the four patients have not been previously reported. In conclusion, four novel mutations of the FVII gene in Taiwanese, including two missense mutations in exon 8, one point mutation at the exon 6 splice site and one deletion in exon 1A, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Lo SC, Lin DT, Lin SW, Chang JS. Frequency and characterization of platelet-specific antibodies in patients who received multiple platelet transfusions. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:902-5. [PMID: 11155742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multiple platelet transfusions may induce alloimmunization. Platelet alloimmunization involves human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies and platelet-specific antibodies, which recognize platelet glycoproteins. No data are available about the frequency and characteristics of platelet-specific antibodies in patients who have received multiple platelet transfusions in Taiwan. METHODS From June through December 1998, blood samples from 103 patients who had received multiple platelet transfusions were submitted to our laboratory for examination of platelet antibodies. The samples were first screened for HLA antibodies or platelet-specific antibodies using a solid phase method. Positive sera were further tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to identify the specificities of the alloantibodies. RESULTS Forty of the 103 patients who had received multiple platelet transfusions were positive for platelet-reactive antibodies. Further study using ELISA showed that 22 patients had both HLA and platelet-specific antibodies, 12 patients had HLA antibodies alone, and five patients produced platelet-specific antibodies in the absence of HLA antibodies. Most platelet-specific antibodies were found among patients who had HLA antibodies: 81% of platelet-specific antibodies were found in HLA-immunized patients. The most frequently involved platelet glycoprotein antigens were Ia/IIa and IIb/IIIa. CONCLUSIONS HLA antibodies were the most frequently found platelet-reactive antibodies in Taiwanese patients who had received multiple transfusions, although platelet-specific antibodies were also common. The frequency of platelet-specific antibodies was not as low as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
We describe the identification of a new CA dinucleotide repeat marker for the diagnosis of haemophilia A carriers. The marker (CA-6) is present in intron 6 as a single copy 5 kb upstream of exon 7. Of 195 and 118 X chromosomes from normal individuals and haemophilia A patients, respectively, we observed three alleles of CA-6 with 12-14 repetitions [(CA)(12-14)]. The frequencies were 0.5% and 0% for (CA)(12), 99% and 95.8% for (CA)(13), and 0.5% and 4.2% for (CA)(14) in normals and patients respectively. We conclude that the low polymorphism of the CA-6 marker renders it less useful for the diagnosis of Chinese haemophilia A carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Yu IS, Chen HJ, Lee YS, Huang PH, Lin SR, Tsai TW, Lin SW. Mice deficient in hepsin, a serine protease, exhibit normal embryogenesis and unchanged hepatocyte regeneration ability. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84:865-70. [PMID: 11127869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepsin, a liver-enriched novel serine protease, has been implicated in participating with normal cell growth, embryogenesis, and blood coagulation pathway. To study its function in vivo, we have disrupted the mouse hepsin gene by homologous recombination. Targeted disruption of the hepsin gene and ablation of hepsin message were demonstrated by Southern blotting, Northern blotting and RT-PCR analysis. Homozygous hepsin -/- mice were viable, fertile, and exhibited no gross abnormalities, as judged by the size, weight and blood coagulation (PT) assays. However, the serum concentration of the bone form of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase of the hepsin -/- mice was mildly elevated, in spite of no obvious pathological change of hepatocytes. To examine whether hepsin is involved in controlling cell growth in adult tissues, 70% hepatectomy was applied to the hepsin -/- mice. Liver regeneration proceeded normally in the hepsin -/- mice as judged by the liver mass restoration rate. These results suggest that loss of hepsin function causes no effect in cell growth and embryogenesis in vivo, which is in contradiction to the studies using in vitro cell culturing system. Moreover, gross mass regeneration of liver after damage proceeds normally in the absence of functional hepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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41
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Teng CH, Ke FC, Lee MT, Lin SW, Chen L, Hwang JJ. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide acts synergistically with relaxin in modulating ovarian cell function in rats. J Endocrinol 2000; 167:61-9. [PMID: 11018753 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1670061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The interactive effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and relaxin on the secretion of gelatinases, involved in matrix remodeling, in ovarian theca-interstitial cells and granulosa cells, were investigated in gonadotropin-primed immature rats. The gelatinases secreted from cultured cells were analyzed using gelatin zymography and scanning densitometry. We have previously shown that relaxin stimulated the secretion of a 71 kDa gelatinase, identified as a type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 2), in rat theca-interstitial cells. This study has demonstrated that PACAP27 and PACAP38, with similar potency, dose-dependently enhanced relaxin-induced secretion of 71 kDa gelatinase, whereas PACAP alone had no effect. In rat granulosa cells, both PACAP27 and PACAP38 alone dose-dependently increased the secretion of a 63 kDa gelatinase. In addition, this study has shown that cAMP signaling pathway mediators act similarly to that of PACAP on gelatinase secretion in rat ovarian cells. Cholera toxin, forskolin and 8-bromoadenosine cAMP augmented relaxin-induced secretion of 71 kDa gelatinase in theca-interstitial cells, and alone they had no effect. These mediators also increased the secretion of 63 kDa gelatinase in granulosa cells. It is well known that the increase in cellular cAMP level is associated with the morphological rounding-up phenomenon in granulosa cells. This study has shown that PACAP and cAMP pathway mediators, but not relaxin, could cause such changes in cell shape in granulosa cells as well as in theca-interstitial cells. In conclusion, this study provides original findings that PACAP acts synergistically with relaxin in stimulating the secretion of gelatinases in rat ovarian theca-interstitial cells and granulosa cells. This supports the idea that relaxin and PACAP may serve as ovarian physiological mediators of gonadotropin function in facilitating the ovulatory process. In addition, PACAP appears to act through the cAMP signaling pathway to affect biological functions in ovarian cells, whereas relaxin does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Teng
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Wu PC, Hamaguchi N, Yu YS, Shen MC, Lin SW. Hemophilia B with mutations at glycine-48 of factor IX exhibited delayed activation by the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84:626-34. [PMID: 11057861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Gly-48 is in the conserved DGDQC sequence (residues 47-51 of human factor IX) of the first EGF (EGF-1)-like domain of factor IX. The importance of the Gly-48 is manifested by two hemophilia B patients; factor IXTainan and factor IXMalmo27, with Gly-48 replaced by arginine (designated IXG48R) and valine (IXG48V), respectively. Both patients were CRM+ exhibiting mild hemophilic episodes with 25% (former) and 19% (latter) normal clotting activities. We characterize both factor IX variants to show the roles of Gly-48 and the conservation of the DGDQC sequence in factor IX. Purified plasma and recombinant factor IX variants exhibited approximately 26%-27% normal factor IX's clotting activities with G48R or G48V mutation. Both variants depicted normal quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence by increasing concentrations of calcium ions and Tb3+, indicating that arginine and valine substitution for Gly-48 did not perturb the calcium site in the EGF-1 domain. Activation of both mutants by factor XIa appeared normal. The reduced clotting activity of factors IXG48R and IXG48V was attributed to the failure of both mutants to cleavage factor X: in the presence of only phospholipids and calcium ions, both mutants showed a 4 to approximately 7-fold elevation in Km, and by adding factor VIIIa to the system, although factor VIIIa potentiated the activation of factor X by the mutants factor IXaG48R and factor IXaG48V, a 2 to approximately 3-fold decrease in the catalytic function was observed with the mutant factor IXa's, despite that they bound factor VIIIa on the phospholipid vesicles with only slightly reduced affinity when compared to wild-type factor IXa. The apparent Kd for factor VIIIa binding was 0.83 nM for normal factor IXa, 1.74 nM for IXaG48R and 1.4 nM for IXaG48V. Strikingly, when interaction with the factor VIIa-TF complex was examined, both mutations were barely activated by the VIIa-TF complex and they also showed abnormal interaction with VIIa-TF in bovine thromboplastin-based PT assays. Taken together, our results suggest that mutations at Gly-48 altered the interaction of factor IX with its extrinsic pathway activator (VIIa-TF complex), its macromolecular substrate (factor X), and its cofactor (factor VIIIa).
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Technology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, ROC
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43
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Lin SR, Yu IS, Huang PH, Tsai CW, Lin SW. Chimaeric mice with disruption of the gene coding for phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (Pig-a) were defective in embryogenesis and spermatogenesis. Br J Haematol 2000; 110:682-93. [PMID: 10997981 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding PIG-A (phosphatidylinositol glycan class A) are found in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), an acquired haematopoietic stem cell disorder. Individuals with hereditary PIG-A mutations have never been identified, which is also manifested by the difficulties in generating Pig-a knockout (KO) mice. This study investigated the effect of Pig-a mutations on the development of visceral and genital organs in addition to the haematopoietic system by the generation of Pig-a KO chimaeric mice. Of a total of 54 live births out of 1684 blastocysts injected, chimaerism for Pig-a knockout was detected in 29 mice, suggesting the importance of Pig-a in embryogenesis and in live birth. Quantification of the degree of chimaerism in different organs of the surviving chimaeric mice revealed extremely low levels of Pig-a KO cells in the liver and spleen. In contrast, high levels of KO signals were usually detected in the brain, heart, lung and kidney. Haematopoiesis proceeded normally in these chimaeric mice (as measured by 'complete blood cell counting') and the Pig-a KO cells were present at low levels in red blood cells and B lymphocytes but at high levels in T lymphocytes, although these KO cells did not gain any growth advantage. The effect of Pig-a knockout was also prominent in the reproductive system, another organ with high mitotic activity. Breeding the male chimaeras revealed a high rate of infertility and abnormality in the male genital organs, including abnormally shaped testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles. Even in the absence of gross abnormalities of the genital organs, low counts of motile sperm were also discernible. Pig-a KO sperm was detected in these organs; however, no transmission of the KO allele was observed. The results suggest a possible mechanism underlying the non-transmission of the Pig-a KO gene in germlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medical Technology, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Animal Centre, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
3-Cyclopropanecarbonyloxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one has been found to be a new, potent, low molecular weight non-triketone type inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase with IC50 value of 30 nM. Preliminary studies suggest that the two carbonyl groups present in the compound are crucial for the inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai Christian University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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45
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Cormier EG, Persuh M, Thompson DA, Lin SW, Sakmar TP, Olson WC, Dragic T. Specific interaction of CCR5 amino-terminal domain peptides containing sulfotyrosines with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5762-7. [PMID: 10823934 PMCID: PMC18507 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.11.5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 interacts consecutively with CD4 and the CCR5 coreceptor to mediate the entry of certain HIV-1 strains into target cells. Acidic residues and sulfotyrosines in the amino-terminal domain (Nt) of CCR5 are crucial for viral fusion and entry. We tested the binding of a panel of CCR5 Nt peptides to different soluble gp120/CD4 complexes and anti-CCR5 mAbs. The tyrosine residues in the peptides were sulfated, phosphorylated, or unmodified. None of the gp120/CD4 complexes associated with peptides containing unmodified or phosphorylated tyrosines. The gp120/CD4 complexes containing envelope glycoproteins from isolates that use CCR5 as a coreceptor associated with Nt peptides containing sulfotyrosines but not with peptides containing sulfotyrosines in scrambled Nt sequences. Finally, only peptides containing sulfotyrosines inhibited the entry of an R5 isolate. Our data show that proper posttranslational modification of the CCR5 Nt is required for gp120 binding and viral entry. More importantly, the Nt domain determines the specificity of the interaction between CCR5 and gp120s from isolates that use this coreceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Cormier
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology Department, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Dragic T, Trkola A, Thompson DA, Cormier EG, Kajumo FA, Maxwell E, Lin SW, Ying W, Smith SO, Sakmar TP, Moore JP. A binding pocket for a small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 entry within the transmembrane helices of CCR5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:5639-44. [PMID: 10779565 PMCID: PMC25881 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.090576697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 entry into CD4(+) cells requires the sequential interactions of the viral envelope glycoproteins with CD4 and a coreceptor such as the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. A plausible approach to blocking this process is to use small molecule antagonists of coreceptor function. One such inhibitor has been described for CCR5: the TAK-779 molecule. To facilitate the further development of entry inhibitors as antiviral drugs, we have explored how TAK-779 acts to prevent HIV-1 infection, and we have mapped its site of interaction with CCR5. We find that TAK-779 inhibits HIV-1 replication at the membrane fusion stage by blocking the interaction of the viral surface glycoprotein gp120 with CCR5. We could identify no amino acid substitutions within the extracellular domain of CCR5 that affected the antiviral action of TAK-779. However, alanine scanning mutagenesis of the transmembrane domains revealed that the binding site for TAK-779 on CCR5 is located near the extracellular surface of the receptor, within a cavity formed between transmembrane helices 1, 2, 3, and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dragic
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Lin YL, Wu CS, Lin SW, Yang DY. SAR studies of 2-o-substituted-benzoyl- and 2-alkanoyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diones as inhibitors of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:843-5. [PMID: 10853644 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition studies of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) with various synthesized 2-o-substituted-benzoyl- and 2-alkanoyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diones suggest that the presence of a strongly electronegative group at the ortho position and the conformation of the benzene ring moiety on the benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-dione inhibitors are crucial for potent HPPD inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai Christian University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
The expected role of computerized mate selection programs with regard to inbreeding and lifetime profitability of Holstein and Jersey cattle was examined using data from 25 large registered herds of each breed. Sire selection and mate allocation were carried out using linear programming with the following objectives: 1) minimum inbreeding, 2) maximum net merit subject to a fixed inbreeding threshold, and 3) maximum expected lifetime profit after adjustment for inbreeding depression. Inbreeding of actual matings was similar to inbreeding from random matings, indicating that current inbreeding avoidance programs in these herds are ineffective. Inbreeding was reduced by 1.6 and 1.9% in Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively, when a mate allocation program was applied with service sires and usage levels fixed at the actual values. Benefits of mate selection programs increased when both sire selection and mate pair allocation were considered. Maximization of mean net merit with inbreeding restricted to a fixed level (5% in Holsteins and 8% in Jerseys) led to decreases in inbreeding of 0.9 and 1.4% and increases in lifetime profit of $16.66 and $26.86 in Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively, relative to programs that ignored inbreeding. Maximization of mean expected lifetime profit after adjustment for inbreeding depression decreased inbreeding by 1.8 and 2.8% and increased lifetime profit by $37.37 and $59.77 in Holsteins and Jerseys, respectively. Inbreeding coefficients estimated with pedigree traced to 1985 were inadequate predictors of inbreeding coefficients estimated with pedigrees traced to 1960. Mate selection programs cannot function optimally unless extensive historical pedigree data are available, particularly for service sires. Computerized mate selection programs can reduce inbreeding in the next generation, which will lead to an increase in farm profitability. However, if genetic diversity is to be maintained in the long term, procedures for selecting parents of AI sires must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Weigel
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
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Abstract
Spectral tuning by visual pigments involves modulation of physical properties of the 11-cis-retinylidene protonated Schiff base (PSB) chromophore by amino acid side chains in and around the chromophore-binding pocket. Specific molecular contacts between the chromophore and the amino acid side chains of the opsin chromophore-binding pocket have been determined recently using an interdisciplinary approach consisting of site-directed mutagenesis, optical and vibrational spectroscopy, and molecular graphics modelling. These studies provide insight into the mechanism of spectral tuning among visual pigments. In blue pigments a majority of the opsin shift is caused by polar amino acid side chains arrayed about the PSB to increase the energy gap between the ground (S0) and excited states (S1). In addition, a specific tyrosine near the chromophore ring causes a decrease in solvent polarizability. Other amino acid residues alter the binding pocket structure to strengthen electrostatic interaction between the PSB and its counterion and/or solvent dipoles. In the green and red pigments, the work of Kochendoerfer et al (1997; Biochemistry 26:6577-6587) demonstrates that local structural perturbations at the PSB or elsewhere are not responsible for spectral tuning. Instead, the green-to-red opsin shift is best explained by dipolar side chains near the chromophore ring that lower the transition energy that occurs upon electronic excitation by affecting the change in electric dipole moment. In summary, the absorption maximum of a visual pigment is primarily regulated by the interaction of the chromophore charge distribution with dipolar residues in its opsin chromophore-binding pocket. The work presented in this paper is reported in greater detail in Lin et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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