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Kunz S, Pivecka N, Dietachmair C, Florack A. Seeing is misbelieving: Consumers wrongly believe that unhealthy food tastes better when there is more of it. Appetite 2024; 197:107295. [PMID: 38485060 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that people can believe that unhealthy foods taste better, even if healthy and unhealthy foods are equally as tasty. Specifically, when tasty and unhealthy foods are frequent in one context but rare in another, people perceive unhealthy foods to taste better, even if health and taste are unrelated. Given that people often consume food in one context, the current study investigated whether false beliefs about the health-taste relationship in foods can also occur in just one single context, in which either healthy or unhealthy foods are predominant, when there is no contrasting context where the respective other food is predominant. In two experiments (N = 342), we presented participants with pictures of meals from a single context and varied the frequency of healthy and unhealthy foods between participants. Although healthy and unhealthy foods tasted equally as good, participants believed that (un)healthy foods tasted better when there were more of them. This research demonstrates that health-taste beliefs might be changed by increasing the relative frequency of healthy foods in the environment overall, not by just offering some healthy and tasty foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kunz
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Niklas Pivecka
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara Dietachmair
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnd Florack
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria
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Dubinski I, Bechtold-Dalla Pozza S, Bidlingmaier M, Hawley J, Keevil B, Kunz S, Nowotny HF, Reisch N, Schiergens K, Tschaidse L, Schmidt H. Diurnal 11-ketotestosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone saliva profiles in paediatric classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:419-424. [PMID: 38557593 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2024-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The most suitable biochemical markers for therapy adjustment in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia are controversial. 11-Oxygenated androgens are a promising new approach. The objective of this study was to investigate the diurnal rhythm of 11-ketotestosterone in children and adolescents in saliva and to correlate it with salivary 17-hydroxyprogesterone. METHODS Fifty-one samples of steroid day-profiles from 17 patients were additionally analysed for 11-ketotestosterone, retrospectively. All patients were treated in our university outpatient clinic for paediatric endocrinology between 2020 and 2022. Steroid day-profiles of 17 patients could be examined. The cohort showed a balanced sex ratio. The median age was 13 years. The measurements for 17-hydroxyprogesterone were carried out during routine care by immunoassay. The measurements of 11-ketotestosterone were performed from frozen saliva samples using an implemented in-house protocol for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most important outcome were the absolute values for 11-ketotestosterone, their diurnal rhythmicity and the correlation with 17-hydroxyprogesterone. RESULTS Both steroids show a circadian diurnal rhythm. 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 11-ketotestosterone correlate significantly. 11-Ketotestosterone showed a positive correlation with BMI at all times of the day. CONCLUSIONS 11-Ketotestosterone shows circadian rhythmicity in our cohort and correlates with 17-hydroxyprogesterone. These findings serve as an important basis for prospective research into 11-oxygenated androgens as therapeutic markers in paediatrics. However, 11-ketotestosterone appears to be very dependent on BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Dubinski
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, 74939 Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Bechtold-Dalla Pozza
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, 74939 Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Department of Medicine IV, 74939 University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - James Hawley
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 5293 Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre , Manchester, UK
| | - Brian Keevil
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 5293 Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre , Manchester, UK
| | - Sonja Kunz
- Department of Medicine IV, 74939 University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Reisch
- Department of Medicine IV, 74939 University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schiergens
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, 74939 Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Lea Tschaidse
- Department of Medicine IV, 74939 University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich Schmidt
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, 74939 Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich, Germany
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Buffolo F, Pecori A, Reincke M, Outland M, Veglio F, Schwarzlmüller P, Bidlingmaier M, Kunz S, Stremmel C, Mengozzi G, Priolo G, Mulatero P, Adolf C, Monticone S. Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Elevated Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio but Negative Confirmatory Test: The Progression of Primary Aldosteronism Phenotypes. Hypertension 2024; 81:340-347. [PMID: 38084587 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 10% of patients with arterial hypertension have a positive screening test for primary aldosteronism (PA) and 50% to 70% of them have a negative confirmatory test: the appropriate follow-up of these patients is currently unknown. We investigated the incidence of PA in patients with previous negative confirmatory testing, after at least a 2-year follow-up. METHODS One hundred eighty-four patients with a previously elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio followed by a negative confirmatory test were recruited in 2 hypertension centers (Torino and Munich). We repeated the screening test for PA and, if positive, the confirmatory test (seated saline infusion test or captopril challenge test). Primary end point of the study was the incidence of newly diagnosed overt PA, as defined by a positive confirmatory test. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 5 years, 20% of patients developed overt PA. When subtype diagnosis was offered systematically, one-third of patients displayed unilateral PA. Patients who developed PA showed worsening of blood pressure control and a higher rate of cardiac organ damage, despite similar implementation of antihypertensive therapy, compared with patients without PA. A mild progression of autonomous aldosterone secretion was evident even in patients without confirmed PA but with relatively stable control of blood pressure levels over time. CONCLUSIONS About one-fifth of patients with a negative confirmatory test develop overt PA over time. A clinical follow-up of patients with a negative confirmatory test is advisable, along with the repetition of PA investigation, primarily in patients with worsening of blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Buffolo
- Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences (F.B., A.P., F.V., P.M., S.M.), University of Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Pecori
- Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences (F.B., A.P., F.V., P.M., S.M.), University of Torino, Italy
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Medicine IV (M.R., M.O., P.S., M.B., S.K., C.A.), Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Merve Outland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Medicine IV (M.R., M.O., P.S., M.B., S.K., C.A.), Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franco Veglio
- Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences (F.B., A.P., F.V., P.M., S.M.), University of Torino, Italy
| | - Paul Schwarzlmüller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Medicine IV (M.R., M.O., P.S., M.B., S.K., C.A.), Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Medicine IV (M.R., M.O., P.S., M.B., S.K., C.A.), Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kunz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Medicine IV (M.R., M.O., P.S., M.B., S.K., C.A.), Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Stremmel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (C.S.), Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (G.M., G.P.), University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Priolo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (G.M., G.P.), University of Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences (F.B., A.P., F.V., P.M., S.M.), University of Torino, Italy
| | - Christian Adolf
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Department of Medicine IV (M.R., M.O., P.S., M.B., S.K., C.A.), Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Monticone
- Division of Internal Medicine 4 and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences (F.B., A.P., F.V., P.M., S.M.), University of Torino, Italy
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Kunz S, Wang X, Ferrari U, Drey M, Theodoropoulou M, Schilbach K, Reincke M, Heier M, Peters A, Koenig W, Zeller T, Thorand B, Bidlingmaier M. Age- and sex-adjusted reference intervals for steroid hormones measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a widely available kit. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230225. [PMID: 37938144 PMCID: PMC10762560 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Measurements utilizing commercially available sets of reagents for determination of steroid hormone profiles by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have become increasingly important for routine laboratories. However, method-specific publications of reference intervals obtained from sufficiently large studies are often missing. Methods After validation of performance characteristics, a widely available kit for steroid analysis by LC-MS/MS was used to measure concentrations of 15 endogenous steroids (aldosterone, cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, progesterone) in more than 500 blood samples from a population-based study. While randomly selected from a larger cohort, the samples equally represented both sexes and covered a wide range of adult age groups. Age- and sex-specific reference intervals were calculated, and correlation with BMI was assessed. Results Performance characteristics of the assay matched expectations for 9 of 15 steroids. For most of them, reference intervals obtained from our study population were comparable to those reported by others, with age and sex being the major determinants. A sex-specific correlation with BMI was found for seven steroids. We identified limitations regarding sensitivity of the method for quantification of progesterone in males and postmenopausal females. Concentrations of aldosterone, 21-deoxycortisol, estradiol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and dihydrotestosterone could not be quantified in a large percentage of samples. Conclusions The reference intervals for nine steroids will support meaningful interpretation for steroid profiles as measured by a widely used kit for LC-MS/MS-based quantification. Laboratories using such kits must be aware of potential limitations in sensitivity for some steroids included in the profile. Significance Statement Quantification of steroid hormones is a cornerstone for diagnosis of several diseases. Commonly used immunoassays have limitations in specificity. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a promising alternative, particularly if methods are harmonized across laboratories. The use of kits from commercial suppliers might support this. Clinical interpretation of steroid concentrations requires availability of appropriate reference intervals (RIs), but studies on RIs reported in the literature differ in preanalytical and analytical procedures. Here, we provide RIs for steroids measured by a widely available kit under preanalytical conditions mirroring common clinical practice. Such RIs might facilitate interpretation for those using the same method and comparable conditions in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kunz
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Ferrari
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Drey
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marily Theodoropoulou
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schilbach
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Centre, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Bruedgam D, Adolf C, Schneider H, Schwarzlmueller P, Mueller L, Handgriff L, Bidlingmaier M, Kunz S, Zimmermann P, Deniz S, Williams TA, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Heinrich DA. Postoperative ACTH-stimulated aldosterone predicts biochemical outcome in primary aldosteronism. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:611-618. [PMID: 38048424 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common surgically curable cause of hypertension. Unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma can be treated with adrenalectomy. Clinical and biochemical outcomes are assessed 6-12 months after adrenalectomy according to primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) consensus criteria. Earlier prediction of biochemical remission would be desirable as it could reduce cumbersome follow-up visits. We hypothesized that postoperative adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulated plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) measured shortly after adrenalectomy can predict PASO outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS We analyzed 100 patients of the German Conn's registry who underwent adrenalectomy and postoperative ACTH stimulation tests within the first week after adrenalectomy. Six to twelve months after adrenalectomy we assessed clinical and biochemical outcomes according to PASO criteria. Serum cortisol and PAC were measured by immunoassay at baseline and 30 min after the intravenous ACTH infusion. We used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and matched the parameters to PASO outcomes. RESULTS Eighty-one percent of patients had complete, 13% partial, and 6% absent biochemical remission. Complete clinical remission was observed in 28%. For a cut-off of 58.5 pg/mL, stimulated PAC could predict partial/absent biochemical remission with a high sensitivity (95%) and reasonable specificity (74%). Stimulated PAC's area under the curve (AUC) (0.89; confidence interval (CI) 0.82-0.96) was significantly higher than other investigated parameters. CONCLUSIONS Low postoperative ACTH stimulated PAC was predictive of biochemical remission. If confirmed, this approach could reduce follow-up visits to assess biochemical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bruedgam
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Christian Adolf
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Holger Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Mueller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Laura Handgriff
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | | | - Sonja Kunz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Petra Zimmermann
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Sinan Deniz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Tracy Ann Williams
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitäts-Spital Zürich (USZ) und Universität Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Daniel A Heinrich
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, 80336 München, Germany
- Hormon- und Stoffwechselzentrum München, Residenzstr. 3, 80333 München, Germany
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Schluessel S, Zhang W, Nowotny H, Bidlingmaier M, Hintze S, Kunz S, Martini S, Mehaffey S, Meinke P, Neuerburg C, Schmidmaier R, Schoser B, Reisch N, Drey M. 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) gene expression in muscle is linked to reduced skeletal muscle index in sarcopenic patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:3073-3083. [PMID: 37943405 PMCID: PMC10721692 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids play a significant role in metabolic processes and pathways that impact muscle size, mass, and function. The expression of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) has been previously described as a major regulator of skeletal muscle function in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and aging humans. Our study aimed to investigate glucocorticoid metabolism, including the expression of HSD11B1 in skeletal muscle, in patients with sarcopenia. METHODS Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of thirty-three patients over 60 years of age with hip fractures. Sarcopenia status was assessed according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Cortisol and cortisone concentrations were measured in serum. Gene expression analysis of HSD11B1, NR3C1, FBXO32, and TRIM63 in muscle biopsies was performed. Serial cross sections of skeletal muscle were labeled with myosin heavy chain slow (fiber type-1) and fast (fiber type-2) antibodies. RESULTS The study included 33 patients (21 women) with a mean age of 82.5 ± 6.3 years, 17 patients revealed sarcopenic (n = 16 non-sarcopenic). Serum cortisone concentrations were negatively correlated with muscle mass (ß = - 0.425; p = 0.034) and type-2 fiber diameter (ß = - 0.591; p = 0.003). Gene expression of HSD11B1 (ß = - 0.673; p = 0.008) showed a negative correlation with muscle mass in the sarcopenic group. A significant correlation was found for the non-sarcopenic group for NR3C1 (ß = 0.548; p = 0.028) and muscle mass. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a pathogenetic role of HSD11B1 in sarcopenic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schluessel
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Nowotny
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hintze
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kunz
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Martini
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Mehaffey
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Meinke
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carl Neuerburg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmidmaier
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Reisch
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael Drey
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Kunz S, Haasova S, Pivecka N, Schmidt J, Florack A. Food Is All Around: How Contexts Create Misbeliefs About the Health-Taste Relationship. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:568-580. [PMID: 36952306 DOI: 10.1177/09567976231158288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated a novel cognitive-ecological account for misbeliefs about the relationship between food healthiness and tastiness. We propose that different frequencies of healthy and tasty foods in contrasting contexts can trigger perceptions that health and taste are related in ways that diverge from the actual health-taste correlation in the presented food. To investigate this proposal, we conducted three studies (total N = 369), including a taste test, with adult Prolific academic participants from the United Kingdom and undergraduate psychology students from Austria. Our results showed that different frequencies of healthy and tasty food across contrasting contexts can trigger misbeliefs about the relationship between health and taste. These findings demonstrate that properties of the food ecology combined with basic cognitive processes can help explain the formation of beliefs about food such as that unhealthy food tastes better than healthy food. Our study extends the existing explanations for food beliefs and provides a perspective on how they can be changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kunz
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna
| | - Simona Haasova
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford
| | - Niklas Pivecka
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna
| | - Justus Schmidt
- Chair for Consumer and Economic Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim
| | - Arnd Florack
- Department of Occupational, Economic, and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna
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Schneider H, Sarkis AL, Sturm L, Britz V, Lechner A, Potzel AL, Müller LM, Heinrich DA, Künzel H, Nowotny HF, Seiter TM, Kunz S, Bidlingmaier M, Reincke M, Adolf C. Moderate dietary salt restriction improves blood pressure and mental well-being in patients with primary aldosteronism: The salt CONNtrol trial. J Intern Med 2023. [PMID: 36945842 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a frequent cause of hypertension. Aldosterone excess together with high dietary salt intake aggravates cardiovascular damage, despite guideline-recommended mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment. OBJECTIVES To investigate the antihypertensive impact of a moderate dietary salt restriction and associated physiological changes, including mental well-being. METHODS A total of 41 patients with PA on a stable antihypertensive regimen-including MRA-followed a dietary salt restriction for 12 weeks with structured nutritional training and consolidation by a mobile health app. Salt intake and adherence were monitored every 4 weeks using 24-h urinary sodium excretion and nutrition protocols. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis and mental well-being by validated questionnaires. RESULTS Dietary salt intake significantly decreased from 9.1 to 5.2 g/d at the end of the study. In parallel, systolic (130 vs. 121 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (84 vs. 81 mm Hg) improved significantly. Patients' aptitude of estimating dietary salt content was refined significantly (underestimation by 2.4 vs. 1.4 g/d). Salt restriction entailed a significant weight loss of 1.4 kg, improvement in pulse pressure (46 vs. 40 mm Hg) and normalization of depressive symptoms (PHQD scale, p < 0.05). Salt restriction, cortisol after dexamethasone suppression test and dosage of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) blockers were independently associated with BP reduction. CONCLUSION A moderate restriction of dietary salt intake in patients with PA substantially reduces BP and depressive symptoms. Moreover, the findings underline that a sufficient RAAS blockade seems to augment the effects of salt restriction on BP and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schneider
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lina Sarkis
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Sturm
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Britz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Privatpraxis Prof. Lechner, Dr. Spann & Prof. Wechsler, Munich, Germany
- CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne L Potzel
- Physicians Association for Nutrition e.V, Munich, Germany
- CCG Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Müller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel A Heinrich
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Künzel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna F Nowotny
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Marchant Seiter
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kunz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Adolf
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
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9
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Eisenhofer G, Kurlbaum M, Peitzsch M, Constantinescu G, Remde H, Schulze M, Kaden D, Müller LM, Fuss CT, Kunz S, Kołodziejczyk-Kruk S, Gruber S, Prejbisz A, Beuschlein F, Williams TA, Reincke M, Lenders JWM, Bidlingmaier M. The Saline Infusion Test for Primary Aldosteronism: Implications of Immunoassay Inaccuracy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2027-e2036. [PMID: 34963138 PMCID: PMC9016451 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) for many patients depends on positive results for the saline infusion test (SIT). Plasma aldosterone is often measured by immunoassays, which can return inaccurate results. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish whether differences in aldosterone measurements by immunoassay versus mass spectrometry (MS) might impact confirmatory testing for PA. METHODS This study, involving 240 patients tested using the SIT at 5 tertiary care centers, assessed discordance between immunoassay and MS-based measurements of plasma aldosterone. RESULTS Plasma aldosterone measured by Liaison and iSYS immunoassays were respectively 86% and 58% higher than determined by MS. With an immunoassay-based SIT cutoff for aldosterone of 170 pmol/L, 78 and 162 patients had, respectivel, negative and positive results. All former patients had MS-based measurements of aldosterone < 117 pmol/L, below MS-based cutoffs of 162 pmol/L. Among the 162 patients with pathogenic SIT results, MS returned nonpathologic results in 62, including 32 under 117 pmol/L. Repeat measurements by an independent MS method confirmed nonpathogenic results in 53 patients with discordant results. Patients with discordant results showed a higher (P < 0.0001) prevalence of nonlateralized than lateralized adrenal aldosterone production than patients with concordant results (83% vs 28%). Among patients with nonlateralized aldosterone production, 66% had discordant results. Discordance was more prevalent for the Liaison than iSYS immunoassay (32% vs 16%; P = 0.0065) and was eliminated by plasma purification to remove interferents. CONCLUSION These findings raise concerns about the validity of immunoassay-based diagnosis of PA in over 60% of patients with presumed bilateral disease. We provide a simple solution to minimize immunoassay inaccuracy-associated misdiagnosis of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Kurlbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgiana Constantinescu
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanna Remde
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Schulze
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Kaden
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Müller
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmina T Fuss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kunz
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sven Gruber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksander Prejbisz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tracy Ann Williams
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacques W M Lenders
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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Zhang R, Rubinstein G, Vetrivel S, Kunz S, Vogel F, Bouys L, Bertherat J, Kroiss M, Deniz S, Osswald A, Knösel T, Bidlingmaier M, Sbiera S, Reincke M, Riester A. Steroid profiling using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry during adrenal vein sampling in patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1079508. [PMID: 36561559 PMCID: PMC9763872 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1079508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is not a routine procedure in patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH), but has been used to determine lateralization of cortisol secretion in order to guide decision of unilateral adrenalectomy. Our aim was to characterize the steroid fingerprints in AVS samples of patients with PBMAH and hypercortisolism and to identify a reference hormone for AVS interpretation. METHOD Retrospectively, we included 17 patients with PBMAH from the German Cushing's registry who underwent AVS. 15 steroids were quantified in AVS and peripheral blood samples using LC-MS/MS. We calculated lateralization indices and conversion ratios indicative of steroidogenic enzyme activity to elucidate differences between individual adrenal steroidomes and in steroidogenic pathways. RESULTS Adrenal volume was negatively correlated with peripheral cortisone (r=0.62, p<0.05). 24-hour urinary free cortisol correlated positively with peripheral androgens (rDHEA=0.57, rDHEAS=0.82, rA=0.73, rT=0.54, p<0.05). DHEA was found to be a powerful reference hormone with high selectivity index, which did not correlate with serume cortisol and has a short half-life. All investigated steroids showed lateralization in single patients indicating the heterogenous steroid secretion pattern in patients with PBMAH. The ratios of corticosterone/aldosterone (catalyzed by CYP11B2), androstenedione/dehydroepiandrosterone (catalyzed by HSD3B2) and cortisone/cortisol (catalyzed by HSD11B2) in adrenal vein samples were higher in smaller adrenals (p<0.05). ARMC5 mutation carriers (n=6) showed lower androstenedione/17-hydroxyprogesterone and higher testosterone/androstenedione (p<0.05) ratios in peripheral blood, in line with lower peripheral androstenedione concentrations (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Steroid profiling by LC-MS/MS led us to select DHEA as a candidate reference hormone for cortisol secretion. Lateralization and different steroid ratios showed that each steroid and all three steroidogenic pathways may be affected in PBMAH patients. In patients with germline ARMC5 mutations, the androgen pathway was particularly dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - German Rubinstein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sharmilee Vetrivel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Kunz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederick Vogel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas Bouys
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Matthias Kroiss
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sinan Deniz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Osswald
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Knösel
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Riester
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anna Riester,
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11
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Bischoff S, Poletti SC, Kunz S, Kiessling SY, Hinder D, Dreher A, Akdis CA, Soyka MB. Trigeminal endonasal perception - an outcome predictor for septoplasty. Rhinology 2021; 58:437-443. [PMID: 32500869 DOI: 10.4193/rhin19.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No adequate test exists to predict outcome after septoplasty. Despite adequate surgery, patients still might experience nasal breathing impairment. The aim of this study was to determine if pre-operative trigeminal sensitivity can predict satisfaction after septoplasty. METHODS Single centre prospective cohort study in tertiary referral centre with follow-up time of 6 weeks postoperatively. Patients scheduled for septoplasty or septorhinoplasty with turbinoplasty were consecutively selected the day before surgery. Standard preoperative examinations (acoustic rhinometry and Sniffin’ Sticks 12 test), the evaluation of nasal obstruction on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the trigeminal lateralisation task were performed before and 6 weeks after surgery. Biopsies were taken during surgery and TRPV1 mRNA expression was measured by PCR. RESULTS Thirty patients were included with a median age of 29 years and equal gender distribution. Trigeminal perception and sensation of nasal obstruction showed a significant correlation: preoperative lateralisation test scores, representing endonasal trigeminal sensitivity, correlated significantly with the mean VAS change scores, which demonstrate subjective improvement. A lateralisation test score of 31.5 and more had a sensitivity of 88% to predict an improvement of more than 3 VAS points. Additionally, high TRPV1 mRNA expression was linked with good postoperative VAS scores. CONCLUSION The preoperative evaluation of the trigeminal sensitivity could improve patients’ selection for septoplasty with a higher rate of satisfaction. Endonasal trigeminal sensitivity is directly linked with subjective outcome. Therefore, patients with low trigeminal sensitivity should undergo septoplasty only after thorough counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bischoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S C Poletti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - S Kunz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S-Y Kiessling
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - D Hinder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - A Dreher
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Switzerland
| | - C A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos Switzerland
| | - M B Soyka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Vogel N, Kunz S, Akdis C, Soyka M. The influence of corticosteroids and Azelastine on epithelial cell integrity in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps. RHINOL 2020. [DOI: 10.4193/rhinol/20.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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13
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Bucher S, Kunz S, Deggeller M, Holzmann D, Soyka MB. Open rhinoplasty using a columellar strut: effects of the graft on nasal tip projection and rotation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:1371-1377. [PMID: 32062744 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the discordance in the literature concerning the effect of columellar strut grafts on nasal tip rotation, this method is often used when an increase in nasolabial angle or nasal tip projection is desired. OBJECTIVES We aimed to elucidate the change in nasolabial angles and nasal tip projections after exclusive columellar strut graft implantations and in addition to other surgical steps. Furthermore, differences in these parameters between patients with conchal and septal columellar strut grafts were investigated. METHODS A monocentric retrospective cohort study of 173 open septorhinoplasties with columellar strut graft technique, between 2006 and 2016, was conducted. The pre- and postoperative nasal tip projection, nasolabial and nasofrontal angle and interalar distance were determined and the Goode-ratio was calculated. RESULTS In cases where uprotation was not specifically desired, neither nasolabial angles nor tip projections changed significantly, irrespective of whether a columellar strut graft was used alone or with additional surgical steps. If an uprotation through surgery was desired, a significant mean increase in nasolabial angle of 4.4° was achieved. Furthermore, conchal instead of septal columellar strut grafts showed significantly better results. CONCLUSION In our study, a columellar strut graft-without any additional surgical step-does only have an improving impact on nasal tip rotations and projections, if specifically intended to by the surgeon. In other words, if the strut graft was not chosen for an uprotational intention, it did not relevantly impact on the nasolabial angle or nasal tip projection. However, in patients where an uprotation is desired, the columellar strut graft still represents a meaningful tool. Since conchal instead of septal columellar strut grafts showed better results, we suggest using them for these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bucher
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Kunz
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Deggeller
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Holzmann
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M B Soyka
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Kunz S, Matysik S. A comprehensive method to determine sterol species in human faeces by GC-triple quadrupole MS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:99-103. [PMID: 30923016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in both health and disease. Metabolites in human faeces related to microbial activity might therefore be attractive surrogate markers to track changes of microbiota induced by diet or disease. The hyphenation of gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry is a promising approach to increase sensitivity and selectivity as compared to single quad MS instruments. The versatility of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) can be advantageously exploited in clinical laboratory medicine, e.g. for quantification of sterols in biological material. In this paper, we present the application of GC-MS/MS for determination of sterol components in human faeces. A serious problem of analysis of faeces is preanalytics. Uncontrolled degradation of metabolites during transport and storage of faeces before entering the clinical laboratory might occur. In our experiments we did not observe any increasing or decreasing concentration after storage of native faeces material even at room temperature. Furthermore, we answer the question of how personal metabolic responses with respect to sterols are and address the importance of sampling strategies. From a pilot study it is concluded that differentiation between high and low metabolizers is independent of the type of sampling and constant over several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kunz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Eckhaus J, Kunz S, Wright G, Knight S. Validating In Training Assessment Profile (iTAP): A Score to Predict Postoperative Survival of Patients Undergoing Surgical Pleurodesis. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Rafei-Shamsabadi D, Kunz S, Martin S, Klose C, Tanriver Y, Arnold S, Diefenbach A, Halim T, McKenzie A, Jakob T, van de Poel S, Ebert K. 395 Lack of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes a type I driven enhanced immune response in TNCB contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Troalen L, Röhrs S, Calligaro T, Pacheco C, Kunz S, del Hoyo-Meléndez J, Hulme A. A multi-analytical approach towards the investigation of Subarctic Athapaskan colouring of quillwork and its sensitivity to photo-degradation. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
We report a case of acquired lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection due to an accidental percutaneous inoculation of LCMV at work. The injured worker developed a flu-like syndrome, followed by pericarditis and meningoencephalitis. Seroconversion was confirmed by ELISA. The patient made a complete recovery. We review measures undertaken to prevent a similar event and propose a follow-up protocol in the event of accidental LCMV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Aebischer
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - P Meylan
- Department of Infectious Disease, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Kunz
- Department of Microbiology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Lazor-Blanchet
- Department of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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von Haehling S, Wolk K, Höflich C, Kunz S, Grünberg BH, Döcke WD, Reineke U, Asadullah K, Sterry W, Volk HD, Sabat R. Interleukin-10 receptor-1 expression in monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cell populations: dendritic cells partially escape from IL-10's inhibitory mechanisms. Genes Immun 2015. [PMID: 26201975 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aguilar M, Aisa D, Alpat B, Alvino A, Ambrosi G, Andeen K, Arruda L, Attig N, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Bazo J, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bigongiari G, Bindi V, Bizzaglia S, Bizzarri M, Boella G, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Borsini S, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Burger J, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Cascioli V, Castellini G, Cernuda I, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen H, Cheng GM, Chen HS, Cheng L, Chikanian A, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Coste B, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dai M, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Masso L, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Donnini F, Du WJ, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Eline A, Eppling FJ, Eronen T, Fan YY, Farnesini L, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fiasson A, Finch E, Fisher P, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García B, García-López R, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Gillard W, Giovacchini F, Goglov P, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guandalini C, Guerri I, Guo KH, Habiby M, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hoffman J, Hsieh TH, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Kossakowski R, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krafczyk MS, Kunz S, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HL, Li JQ, Li Q, Li Q, Li TX, Li W, Li Y, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lomtadze T, Lu MJ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lv SS, Majka R, Malinin A, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mo DC, Morescalchi L, Mott P, Müller M, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Nunes P, Obermeier A, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Papi A, Pauluzzi M, Pedreschi E, Pensotti S, Pereira R, Pilo F, Piluso A, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Postaci E, Putze A, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rodríguez I, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Sandweiss J, Saouter P, Sbarra C, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schuckardt D, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Scolieri G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shan YH, Shi JY, Shi XY, Shi YM, Siedenburg T, Son D, Spada F, Spinella F, Sun W, Sun WH, Tacconi M, Tang CP, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tao L, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Vannini C, Valtonen E, Vaurynovich S, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang LQ, Wang QL, Wang RS, Wang X, Wang ZX, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wienkenhöver J, Wu H, Xia X, Xie M, Xie S, Xiong RQ, Xin GM, Xu NS, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Ye QH, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zeissler S, Zhang JH, Zhang MT, Zhang XB, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P, Zurbach C. Precision Measurement of the (e^{+}+e^{-}) Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:221102. [PMID: 25494065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.221102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the cosmic ray (e^{+}+e^{-}) flux in the range 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV based on the analysis of 10.6 million (e^{+}+e^{-}) events collected by AMS. The statistics and the resolution of AMS provide a precision measurement of the flux. The flux is smooth and reveals new and distinct information. Above 30.2 GeV, the flux can be described by a single power law with a spectral index γ=-3.170±0.008(stat+syst)±0.008(energy scale).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Aisa
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Alvino
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K Andeen
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland and INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France and INFN TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Bazo
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Bizzaglia
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Bizzarri
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Boella
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Borsini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V Cascioli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - I Cernuda
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - A Chikanian
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B Coste
- INFN TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Crispoltoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Di Masso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W J Du
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F J Eppling
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Y Y Fan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Farnesini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Feng
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Finch
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - B García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - W Gillard
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Goglov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F. 01000, Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Guandalini
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Guerri
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Habiby
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Haino
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan and Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Hoffman
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ionica
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 325, Taiwan
| | - K Kanishev
- INFN TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Kossakowski
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M S Krafczyk
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Kunz
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G La Vacca
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H L Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Li
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Li
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Lim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - H Liu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T Lomtadze
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Lu
- INFN TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S S Lv
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - R Majka
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Malinin
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F. 01000, Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - M Müller
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Nunes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Obermeier
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Papi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Pereira
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA and Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Pilo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Piluso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Postaci
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Putze
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - T Räihä
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Sandweiss
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Saouter
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - C Sbarra
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Schuckardt
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Scolieri
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y H Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - X Y Shi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Shi
- Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - F Spada
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Spinella
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W H Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C P Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - L Tao
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Vannini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - S Vaurynovich
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Vecchi
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - R S Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Wienkenhöver
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - X Xia
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Xie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Xie
- Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - G M Xin
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N S Xu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Q H Ye
- Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - M T Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X B Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Zurbach
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Montpellier II, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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Aguilar M, Aisa D, Alvino A, Ambrosi G, Andeen K, Arruda L, Attig N, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Bazo J, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bigongiari G, Bindi V, Bizzaglia S, Bizzarri M, Boella G, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Borsini S, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Burger J, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Cascioli V, Castellini G, Cernuda I, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen H, Cheng GM, Chen HS, Cheng L, Chikanian A, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Coste B, Cui Z, Dai M, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Masso L, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Du WJ, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Eline A, Eppling FJ, Eronen T, Fan YY, Farnesini L, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fiasson A, Finch E, Fisher P, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García B, García-López R, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Gillard W, Giovacchini F, Goglov P, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guandalini C, Guerri I, Guo KH, Habiby M, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hoffman J, Hsieh TH, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Kossakowski R, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krafczyk MS, Kunz S, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HL, Li JQ, Li Q, Li Q, Li TX, Li W, Li Y, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lomtadze T, Lu MJ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lv SS, Majka R, Malinin A, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mo DC, Morescalchi L, Mott P, Müller M, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Nunes P, Obermeier A, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Papi A, Pedreschi E, Pensotti S, Pereira R, Pilo F, Piluso A, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Postaci E, Putze A, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rodríguez I, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Sandweiss J, Saouter P, Sbarra C, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schuckardt D, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Scolieri G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shan YH, Shi JY, Shi XY, Shi YM, Siedenburg T, Son D, Spada F, Spinella F, Sun W, Sun WH, Tacconi M, Tang CP, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tao L, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Vannini C, Valtonen E, Vaurynovich S, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang LQ, Wang QL, Wang RS, Wang X, Wang ZX, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wienkenhöver J, Wu H, Xia X, Xie M, Xie S, Xiong RQ, Xin GM, Xu NS, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Ye QH, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zeissler S, Zhang JH, Zhang MT, Zhang XB, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P, Zurbach C. Electron and positron fluxes in primary cosmic rays measured with the alpha magnetic spectrometer on the international space station. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:121102. [PMID: 25279617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.121102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station of the primary cosmic-ray electron flux in the range 0.5 to 700 GeV and the positron flux in the range 0.5 to 500 GeV are presented. The electron flux and the positron flux each require a description beyond a single power-law spectrum. Both the electron flux and the positron flux change their behavior at ∼30 GeV but the fluxes are significantly different in their magnitude and energy dependence. Between 20 and 200 GeV the positron spectral index is significantly harder than the electron spectral index. The determination of the differing behavior of the spectral indices versus energy is a new observation and provides important information on the origins of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Aisa
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Alvino
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K Andeen
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland and INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et de cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France and INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Bazo
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- University of Hawaii, Physics and Astronomy Department, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Bizzaglia
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Bizzarri
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Boella
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson Space Center and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et de cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Borsini
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V Cascioli
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - I Cernuda
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Cervelli
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - A Chikanian
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson Space Center and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- University of Hawaii, Physics and Astronomy Department, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- University of Hawaii, Physics and Astronomy Department, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B Coste
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et de cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Di Masso
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- University of Hawaii, Physics and Astronomy Department, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W J Du
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Duranti
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F J Eppling
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Y Y Fan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Farnesini
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Feng
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Finch
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - B García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et de cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - W Gillard
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Goglov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F., 01000 México
| | - D Grandi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Guandalini
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Guerri
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy and Università di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Habiby
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Haino
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan and Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Hoffman
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - M Incagli
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ionica
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 325, Taiwan
| | - K Kanishev
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Kossakowski
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M S Krafczyk
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Kunz
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G La Vacca
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H L Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Li
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Li
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Lim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - H Liu
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T Lomtadze
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Lu
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S S Lv
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - R Majka
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Malinin
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson Space Center and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et de cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F., 01000 México
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson Space Center and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - M Müller
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Nunes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Obermeier
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Papi
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - S Pensotti
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Pereira
- University of Hawaii, Physics and Astronomy Department, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA and Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Pilo
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Piluso
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Postaci
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Putze
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et de cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Sandweiss
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Saouter
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - C Sbarra
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Schuckardt
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Scolieri
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y H Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - X Y Shi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Shi
- Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea
| | - F Spada
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - F Spinella
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W H Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C P Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - L Tao
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et de cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson Space Center and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Valente
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Vannini
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - S Vaurynovich
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Vecchi
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - R S Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- University of Hawaii, Physics and Astronomy Department, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Wienkenhöver
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - X Xia
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Xie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Xie
- Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - G M Xin
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N S Xu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Q H Ye
- Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - M T Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X B Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Zurbach
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Montpellier II, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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Accardo L, Aguilar M, Aisa D, Alpat B, Alvino A, Ambrosi G, Andeen K, Arruda L, Attig N, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Bazo J, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bigongiari G, Bindi V, Bizzaglia S, Bizzarri M, Boella G, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Borsini S, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Burger J, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Carosi G, Casaus J, Cascioli V, Castellini G, Cernuda I, Cerreta D, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen H, Cheng GM, Chen HS, Cheng L, Chikanian A, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Cindolo F, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Coste B, Cui Z, Dai M, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Masso L, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Du WJ, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Eline A, Eppling FJ, Eronen T, Fan YY, Farnesini L, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fiasson A, Finch E, Fisher P, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García B, García-López R, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Gillard W, Giovacchini F, Goglov P, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guandalini C, Guerri I, Guo KH, Haas D, Habiby M, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Henning R, Hoffman J, Hsieh TH, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Kossakowski R, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krafczyk MS, Kunz S, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Levi G, Li HL, Li JQ, Li Q, Li Q, Li TX, Li W, Li Y, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lolli M, Lomtadze T, Lu MJ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lv SS, Majka R, Malinin A, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Massera F, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mo DC, Monreal B, Morescalchi L, Mott P, Müller M, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Nunes P, Obermeier A, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Papi A, Pauluzzi M, Pedreschi E, Pensotti S, Pereira R, Pilastrini R, Pilo F, Piluso A, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Postaci E, Putze A, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rodríguez I, Rosier-Lees S, Rossi L, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Rybka G, Sagdeev R, Sandweiss J, Saouter P, Sbarra C, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schuckardt D, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Scolieri G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shan YH, Shi JY, Shi XY, Shi YM, Siedenburg T, Son D, Spada F, Spinella F, Sun W, Sun WH, Tacconi M, Tang CP, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tao L, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Vannini C, Valtonen E, Vaurynovich S, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Vitale V, Volpini G, Wang LQ, Wang QL, Wang RS, Wang X, Wang ZX, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wienkenhöver J, Wu H, Wu KY, Xia X, Xie M, Xie S, Xiong RQ, Xin GM, Xu NS, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Ye QH, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zeissler S, Zhang JH, Zhang MT, Zhang XB, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhou F, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P, Zurbach C. High statistics measurement of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays of 0.5-500 GeV with the alpha magnetic spectrometer on the international space station. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:121101. [PMID: 25279616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.121101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A precision measurement by AMS of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 0.5 to 500 GeV based on 10.9 million positron and electron events is presented. This measurement extends the energy range of our previous observation and increases its precision. The new results show, for the first time, that above ∼200 GeV the positron fraction no longer exhibits an increase with energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Accardo
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - D Aisa
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - B Alpat
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - A Alvino
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - K Andeen
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, GermanyA
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland and INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Bartoloni
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italyx
| | - L Basara
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France and INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italyx
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italyx
| | - J Bazo
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Bigongiari
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx and Università di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Bizzaglia
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - M Bizzarri
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Boella
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - K Bollweg
- NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, JSC, and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italyx and Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - S Borsini
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G Carosi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - V Cascioli
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | | | - I Cernuda
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - D Cerreta
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Cervelli
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, KoreaE
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University, NCU, Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwany
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Cheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - A Chikanian
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University, NCU, Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwany
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - F Cindolo
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Clark
- NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, JSC, and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, IAC, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B Coste
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italyx
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, IEE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, METU, 06800 Ankara, Turkeyv
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx
| | - L Di Masso
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italyx
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W J Du
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Duranti
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F J Eppling
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Y Y Fan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - L Farnesini
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - J Feng
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Fiasson
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Finch
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx
| | - B García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - R García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, IAC, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - W Gillard
- National Central University, NCU, Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwany
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - P Goglov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México D.F. 01000, MéxicoD
| | - D Grandi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx
| | - M Graziani
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - C Guandalini
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Guerri
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx and Università di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - D Haas
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - M Habiby
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Haino
- National Central University, NCU, Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwany and Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, NCSIST, Longtan, Tao Yuan 325, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - R Henning
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Hoffman
- National Central University, NCU, Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwany
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Koreaz
| | - M Incagli
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx
| | - M Ionica
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Koreaz
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, NCSIST, Longtan, Tao Yuan 325, Taiwan
| | - K Kanishev
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italyx
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Koreaz
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Koreaz
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - R Kossakowski
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M S Krafczyk
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Kunz
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - G La Vacca
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland and INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx
| | - E Laudi
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italyx
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - G Levi
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - H L Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Li
- Beihang University, BUAA, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Li
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - S Lim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, KoreaE
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - P Lipari
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italyx
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, GermanyA
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - H Liu
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - M Lolli
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - T Lomtadze
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx
| | - M J Lu
- INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italyx
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S S Lv
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - R Majka
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - A Malinin
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - T Martin
- NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, JSC, and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - N Masi
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Massera
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México D.F. 01000, MéxicoD
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - B Monreal
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - P Mott
- NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, JSC, and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - M Müller
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - P Nunes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Obermeier
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Papi
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - S Pensotti
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Pereira
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA and Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Pilastrini
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Pilo
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx
| | - A Piluso
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx and Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Pizzolotto
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E Postaci
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, METU, 06800 Ankara, Turkeyv
| | - A Putze
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Rossi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx
| | - G Rybka
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Sandweiss
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Saouter
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - C Sbarra
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, GermanyA
| | - D Schuckardt
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - G Scolieri
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University, BUAA, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y H Shan
- Beihang University, BUAA, Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - X Y Shi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Shi
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, SJTU, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Koreaz
| | - F Spada
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italyx
| | - F Spinella
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx
| | - W Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W H Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN-Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italyx and Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C P Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - L Tao
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, IAC, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, METU, 06800 Ankara, Turkeyv
| | - T Urban
- NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, JSC, and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - E Valente
- INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italyx and Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Vannini
- INFN-Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italyx
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - S Vaurynovich
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Vecchi
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Vitale
- INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italyx
| | - G Volpini
- INFN-Sezione di Milano and Università di Milano, I-20090 Milano, Italy
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, IEE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - R S Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, SJTU, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, 2505 Correa Road, WAT 432, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Wienkenhöver
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - K Y Wu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwany
| | - X Xia
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, SpainC
| | - M Xie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Xie
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, SJTU, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - G M Xin
- Shandong University, SDU, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N S Xu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, KoreaE
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - Q H Ye
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, SJTU, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, IEE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, GermanyB
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University, SEU, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - M T Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X B Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University, BUAA, Beijing 100191, China
| | - F Zhou
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, IHEP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, Chinaw
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN-Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italyx and Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germanyu
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Zurbach
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, LUPM, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Montpellier II, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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Sallen G, Kunz S, Amand T, Bouet L, Kuroda T, Mano T, Paget D, Krebs O, Marie X, Sakoda K, Urbaszek B. Nuclear magnetization in gallium arsenide quantum dots at zero magnetic field. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3268. [PMID: 24500329 PMCID: PMC3926008 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical and electrical control of the nuclear spin system allows enhancing the sensitivity of NMR applications and spin-based information storage and processing. Dynamic nuclear polarization in semiconductors is commonly achieved in the presence of a stabilizing external magnetic field. Here we report efficient optical pumping of nuclear spins at zero magnetic field in strain-free GaAs quantum dots. The strong interaction of a single, optically injected electron spin with the nuclear spins acts as a stabilizing, effective magnetic field (Knight field) on the nuclei. We optically tune the Knight field amplitude and direction. In combination with a small transverse magnetic field, we are able to control the longitudinal and transverse components of the nuclear spin polarization in the absence of lattice strain--that is, in dots with strongly reduced static nuclear quadrupole effects, as reproduced by our model calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sallen
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - S Kunz
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - T Amand
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - L Bouet
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - T Kuroda
- National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Mano
- National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - D Paget
- LPMC, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - O Krebs
- CNRS Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - X Marie
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - K Sakoda
- National Institute for Material Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - B Urbaszek
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Avenue Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
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Simon MS, Lamerato L, Krajenta R, Booza J, Ruterbusch J, Kunz S, Schwartz K. P2-14-05: Racial Differences in the Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in a Large Urban Integrated Health System. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p2-14-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Despite improvements in breast cancer treatment, there continues to be a gap in survival between African American (AA) and White women with breast cancer, which may be due at least in part to racial differences in the patterns of care. In order to better understand breast cancer survival disparities, we evaluated racial differences in the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy among women treated at a large integrated health care system in Southeastern Michigan. Materials and Methods: The study population included 2,234 women (33 % AA) with stage I through III breast cancer treated at the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) from 1996 through 2005. Linked datasets from the HFHS, the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System (MDCSS) and the U.S. Census Bureau were used to obtain sociodemographic and clinical information. Co-morbidity was assessed by the Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI), and economic deprivation was categorized using a neighborhood deprivation index (DI). Results: AA women were significantly more likely than Whites to have larger tumors (40% vs. 31% > 2 cm), as well as more aggressive tumors (29% vs 19% estrogen and progesterone negative). AA women were also significantly more likely than Whites to have other co-morbid conditions (15 % vs. 8% with a CCI of 2+) and to reside in a more economically deprived area (45% vs. 5% reside in the most deprived area). While AA women were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (47% vs. 43%, p=0.0278), they were also more likely to have a delay in initiation of treatment (57% vs 45% delayed beyond 60 days from diagnosis, p=0.0004). After multivariable adjustment for age, DI, CCI, insurance and surgery, there were no racial differences in treatment delay (Odds Ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval, 0.82−1.77). Discussion: In a large urban integrated health care system, racial differences in the delay in receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer can be explained by clinical and socioeconomic characteristics.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- MS Simon
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - L Lamerato
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - R Krajenta
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - J Booza
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - J Ruterbusch
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - S Kunz
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - K Schwartz
- 1Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Sallen G, Urbaszek B, Glazov MM, Ivchenko EL, Kuroda T, Mano T, Kunz S, Abbarchi M, Sakoda K, Lagarde D, Balocchi A, Marie X, Amand T. Dark-bright mixing of interband transitions in symmetric semiconductor quantum dots. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:166604. [PMID: 22107413 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.166604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In photoluminescence spectra of symmetric [111] grown GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots in longitudinal magnetic fields applied along the growth axis, we observe in addition to the expected bright states also nominally dark transitions for both charged and neutral excitons. We uncover a strongly nonmonotonic, sign-changing field dependence of the bright neutral exciton splitting resulting from the interplay between exchange and Zeeman effects. Our theory shows quantitatively that these surprising experimental results are due to magnetic-field-induced ±3/2 heavy-hole mixing, an inherent property of systems with C(3v) point-group symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sallen
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, Toulouse, France
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Moschkau N, Kunz S, Fieseler S, Graw M, Zinka B. Sektionsdaten des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin der Universität München aus dem Jahr 2003. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-011-0788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zinka B, Kunz S, Fieseler S. Partielle Exenteration. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-011-0769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fieseler S, Pfandzelt S, Zinka B, Kunz S, Gabriel H, Eisenmenger W, Graw M. Der Einsame Tod - Sterben in Randgruppen in München. Gesundheitswesen 2010; 72:859-65. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Simoes E, Kunz S, Münnich R, Schmahl F. Informed Consent bei der Entscheidung zum Kaiserschnitt – methodenbezogene Morbiditätsgradienten erfordern die Befähigung der Schwangeren. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Kunz S. 876 Role of classical Protein kinase C (PKC) in gastric cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Lengerke TV, Borgetto B, Kunz S. Krankheiten als Ansatzpunkt für Inanspruchnahmeforschung. Gesundheitswesen 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1239158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simoes E, Kunz S, Schmahl F. Versorgungsungleichheiten in der Geburtshilfe: soziale Komponenten der Risikozunahme. Gesundheitswesen 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1239299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kidess E, Miller H, Briel R, Kunz S. Die Thrombozytenaggregation nach abdominaler Hysterektomie unter kombinierter Thromboembolieprophylaxe mit Macrodex ® 6% und Sintrom ®. Transfus Med Hemother 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000220222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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36
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Kidess E, Preisner A, Briel R, Kunz S. Die Thrombozytenaggregation nach vaginaler Hysterektomie unter kombinierter Thromboembolieprophylaxe mit Macrodex ® 6 % und Sintrom ®. Transfus Med Hemother 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000220235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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37
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Briel R, Kunz S, Kidess E. Gerinnungsphysiologische Untersuchungen zur Thromboembolieprophylaxe mit Dextran 60. I. Mitteilung: Die Beeinflussung der Thrombozytenfunktion. Transfus Med Hemother 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000220043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Heidemann E, Steinke B, Hartlapp J, Schumacher K, Possinger K, Kunz S, Neeser E, Ingersleben G, Hossfeld D, Caffier H, Souchon R, Waldmann R, Blümner E, Clark J. Prognostic Subgroups: The Key Factor for Treatment Outcome in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Oncol Res Treat 2009. [DOI: 10.1159/000218287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen XH, Scholz R, Borriss M, Junge H, Mögel G, Kunz S, Borriss R. Difficidin and bacilysin produced by plant-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are efficient in controlling fire blight disease. J Biotechnol 2008; 140:38-44. [PMID: 19061923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Representatives of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were shown to possess biocontrol activity against fire blight, a serious disease of orchard trees caused by Erwinia amylovora. Genome analysis of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 identified gene clusters responsible for synthesis of several polyketide compounds with antibacterial action. We show here that the antibacterial polyketides difficidin and to a minor extent bacillaene act efficiently against E. amylovora. Surprisingly, a mutant strain blocked in the production of difficidin (CH8 Deltadfn) inhibited growth of E. amylovora and suppressed fire blight disease nearly in the same range as the wild type. In addition, a sfp mutant (CH3 Deltasfp) unable to synthesize non-ribosomally lipopeptides and polyketides did still suppress growth of E. amylovora, suggesting that besides action of polyketides another antagonistic principle exist. A double mutant (RS06 Deltasfp Deltabac) devoid in polyketide and bacilysin synthesis was unable to suppress growth of E. amylovora indicating that the additional inhibitory effect is due to production of bacilysin, a dipeptide whose synthesis does not depend on Sfp. We propose to use B. amyloliquefaciens strains with enhanced synthesis of difficidin and/or bacilysin for development of biocontrol agents efficient against fire blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Chen
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Miechielsen N, Merz F, Heselich A, Kunz S, Heinzel-Wieland R, Pollet D. Studies on improving the embryonic stem cell test for an assessment of neuroembryotoxic effects. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2007; 2:140-141. [PMID: 24692958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Miechielsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences , Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt
| | - F Merz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences , Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt
| | - A Heselich
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences , Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt
| | - S Kunz
- RCC Cytotest Cell Research GmbH , In den Leppsteinswiesen 19, 64380 Rossdorf, Germany
| | - R Heinzel-Wieland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences , Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt
| | - D Pollet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences , Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt
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Merz F, Haus A, Kunz S, Pollet D. Embryonic stem cell test for assessing embryotoxic effects in vitro. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2007; 2:142-143. [PMID: 24692959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Merz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences , Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Haus
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences , Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Kunz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences , Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Pollet
- RCC Cytotest Cell Research GmbH , In den Leppsteinswiesen 19, 64380 Rossdorf, Germany
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Abstract
We have developed a novel molecular genetic approach to investigating gene regulation in adult mosquitoes called whole body transfection (WBT). This DNA microinjection method allows for both constitutive and regulated expression of plasmid vectors in the fat body and midgut of adult mosquitoes within 24 h of injection. Using a luciferase reporter gene containing the Aedes aegypti heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) promoter, we optimized the WBT protocol at various times post-injection and used these parameters to measure the expression of a vitellogenin-luciferase reporter gene in response to blood meal feeding. These studies showed that a 843 bp fragment of the Ae. aegypti vitellogenin-C (VgC) promoter caused a greater than 200-fold induction of luciferase activity in a strict tissue-specific manner, and only in response to feeding. Functional mapping of the VgC promoter by WBT identified essential upstream regulatory elements in the region spanning -780 to -182 bp from the transcriptional start site. We also constructed a lipopolysaccharide-regulated expression vector using a 1096 bp genomic fragment of the Ae. aegypti cecropin B (CecB) promoter. Our data show that four days after WBT injection, the CecB-luciferase reporter gene could be induced more than 100-fold in the fat body following lipopolysaccharide injection. Moreover, we found that lipopolysaccharide-induction of the CecB reporter gene occurred up to 28 days post-WBT injection. These data suggest that WBT could provide a novel strategy to express recombinant proteins and RNAi constructs in adult mosquitoes using conventional microinjection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Ramöller K, Stratmann B, Kunz S, Müller-Rösel M, Tschöpe D. Einflüsse der Insulin-Therapie auf Ernährungsverhalten und Lebensgewohnheiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 (T1DM). DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Simoes E, Kunz S, Bosing-Schwenkglenks M, Schmahl FW. Association between Method of Delivery and Puerperal Infectious Complications in the Perinatal Database of Baden-Württemberg 1998–2001. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2005; 60:213-7. [PMID: 16088198 DOI: 10.1159/000087208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The strongest argument against caesarean delivery relates to maternal complications. Evidence supporting this for elective operations is controversial. The perinatal database 1998-2001 of the German state of Baden-Württemberg was studied to assess the maternal obstetrical risk associated with caesarean delivery with regard to puerperal infectious complications. For statistical analysis the chi2 test, Fisher's exact test, Mantel-Haenszel statistics and relative risks were used to describe the risk of exposure. Surgical delivery was associated with a significantly higher risk of infectious disorders (p < 0.0001). There was a significantly higher risk of septicaemia in the group undergoing caesarean compared to vaginal delivery (p < 0.0001), for pregnancies with and without risk factors of infection, and also for caesarean delivery prior to labour and rupture of membranes (ROM) and singleton gestations (RR 8.56; 95% CI 4.4-16.65, stratum without risks). The rate of wound disorders was found to be significantly increased in the case of surgical delivery (p < 0.0001). After exclusion of pregnancies with risk factors for infectious complications and multi-fetal gestation, a significantly higher risk was also found for caesarean delivery prior to labour and ROM versus vaginal delivery (RR 16.97; 95% CI 14.16-20.34). Caesarean delivery significantly increased the likelihood that a woman would experience fever in puerperium (p < 0.0001), for pregnancies with and without ante- or perinatal risk factors for infectious complications, and also when caesarean delivery prior to labour and ROM and singletons in the cephalic presentation were considered separately (RR 11.03; 95% CI 9.39-12.96; stratum without risks). Considering the obstetrical challenge of how more women can deliver with fewer complications, reducing unnecessary caesarean delivery still seems to be an appropriate approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Simoes
- Competence Centre of Quality Assurance and Quality Management, Medical Service of the Statutory Health Insurance Baden-Wuerttemberg, Lahr, Germany.
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Simoes E, Kunz S, Bosing-Schwenkglenks M, Schmahl FW. Mütterliche Anämie post partum - Entwicklungstendenzen und Variabilität unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Klinikkategorien. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2004; 208:184-9. [PMID: 15508052 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum anaemia continues to be the most common puerperal complication in Germany. Interest, however, increases in maternal quality of life after delivery and with regard to scarce resources in the costs associated with anaemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS With this background, perinatal survey data of Baden-Wurttemberg 1998 - 2003 (566,920 pregnancies) were studied regarding development and variability of anaemia in pregnancy and puerperium. RESULTS The anaemia rate post-partum increased from 1998 to 2003 (1998 12.2 %, 2003 15.6 %). This is a significant trend. The category of small hospital departments, however, had lower rates in 2003 than in 1998. Significant differences exist between the rates of the hospital categories. High-volume departments show the highest rate (e. g., 2003: hospital departments > 1000 deliveries per year 23.2 %, consultant departments < 500 deliveries per year 9.4 %). The differences existed throughout the observed period and remained significant when all pregnancies with risk factors associated with higher blood loss were not taken into account and methods of delivery were considered separately. In 2003, anaemia during pregnancy, up to then documented for less then 2 % of the pregnancies, showed a much higher rate (e. g., high-volume departments: 6-fold higher than in 2002). DISCUSSION Many factors may contribute to these differences, including aspects of obstetrical management, volume-outcome associations, and documentation. CONCLUSIONS Reducing interhospital variability includes the option of reducing anaemia rates post-partum. Analysis and reflection of these results within the departments may suggest strategic changes concerning prevention, therapy, obstetric management, and workload as well as documentation habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Simoes
- Kompetenz-Centrum Qualitätssicherung/Qualitätsmanagement beim Medizinischen Dienst der Krankenversicherung Baden-Württemberg, Lahr.
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Kunz S. α-Dystroglycan can mediate arenavirus infection in the absence of β-dystroglycan. Virology 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Boesebeck F, Kunz S, Beblo T, Wörmann F, Driessen M. Neuroradiologische und elektrophysiologische Funktionsdiagnostik in der Beurteilung akuter kortikaler Blindheit. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-816420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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