1
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Ogier EM, Smith DC, Breen S, Gardner C, Gaughan DJ, Gorfine HK, Hobday AJ, Moltschaniwskyj N, Murphy R, Saunders T, Steer M, Woodhams J. Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Australian fisheries production, research organisations and assessment: shocks, responses and implications for decision support and resilience. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2023; 33:513-534. [PMID: 37122955 PMCID: PMC9977636 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Australia's fisheries have experience in responding individually to specific shocks to stock levels (for example, marine heatwaves, floods) and markets (for example, global financial crisis, food safety access barriers). The COVID-19 pandemic was, however, novel in triggering a series of systemic shocks and disruptions to the activities and operating conditions for all Australia's commercial fisheries sectors including those of the research agencies that provide the information needed for their sustainable management. While these disruptions have a single root cause-the public health impacts and containment responses to the COVID-19 pandemic-their transmission and effects have been varied. We examine both the impacts on Australian fisheries triggered by measures introduced by governments both internationally and domestically in response to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, and the countermeasures introduced to support continuity in fisheries and aquaculture production and supply chains. Impacts on fisheries production are identified by comparing annual and monthly catch data for Australia's commercial fisheries in 2020 with averages for the last 4-5 years. We combine this with a survey of the short-term disruption to and impacts on research organisations engaged in fisheries monitoring and assessment and the adaptive measures they deployed. The dominant impact identified was triggered by containment measures both within Australia and in export receiving countries which led to loss of export markets and domestic dine-in markets for live or fresh seafood. The most heavily impact fisheries included lobster and abalone (exported live) and specific finfishes (exported fresh or sold live domestically), which experienced short-term reductions in both production and price. At the same time, improved prices and demand for seafood sold into domestic retail channels were observed. The impacts observed were both a function of the disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the countermeasures and support programs introduced by various national and state-level governments across Australia to at least partly mitigate negative impacts on harvesting activities and supply chains. These included protecting fisheries activities from specific restrictive COVID-19 containment measures, pro-actively re-establishing freight links, supporting quota roll-overs, and introducing wage and businesses support packages. Fisheries research organisations were impacted to various degrees, largely determined by the extent to which their field monitoring activities were protected from specific restrictive COVID-19 containment measures by their state-level governments. Responses of these organisations included reducing fisheries dependent and independent data collection as required while developing strategies to continue to provide assessment services, including opportunistic innovations to harvest data from new data sources. Observed short run impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has emphasised both the vulnerability of fisheries dependent on export markets, live or fresh markets, and long supply chains and the resilience of fisheries research programs. We suggest that further and more comprehensive analysis over a longer time period of the long-run impacts of subsequent waves of variants, extended pandemic containment measures, autonomous and planned adaptive responses would be beneficial for the development of more effective counter measures for when the next major external shock affects Australian fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Ogier
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - David C. Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Sian Breen
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Caleb Gardner
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Gaughan
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, WA Australia
| | - Harry K. Gorfine
- Fisheries Management and Science Branch, Victorian Fisheries Authority, Queenscliff, VIC Australia
| | - Alistair J. Hobday
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Ryan Murphy
- Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- Department of Primary Industries, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Fisheries Division, Darwin, NT Australia
| | - Mike Steer
- Aquatic and Livestock Sciences Division, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - James Woodhams
- Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, Canberra, ACT Australia
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2
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Kreitzer RJ, Smith CW, Kane K, Saunders T. O04Prevalent but not inevitable: mapping contraception deserts across the american states. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Busman M, Van Overloop M, Davenport J, Mullennix S, Guarnaccia C, Port C, Cummings T, Marku D, Flohr S, Saunders T. 289 Impact of an Emergency Department Quality Improvement Initiative to Promote Safe Discharge of Low-Risk Chest Pain Patients. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Barnicot K, Michael C, Trione E, Lang S, Saunders T, Sharp M, Crawford MJ. Psychological interventions for acute psychiatric inpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 82:101929. [PMID: 33126038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute inpatient psychiatric wards are important yet challenging environments in which to implement psychological interventions for people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. No meta-analysis to date has evaluated whether psychological interventions are effective in this context. METHODS We systematically searched Embase, Medline and PsycInfo databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions implemented in acute inpatient psychiatric settings with individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. We conducted random effects meta-analyses of between-groups outcomes at post-intervention and relapse/re-hospitalisation rates by follow-up. RESULTS Twenty-nine trials were suitable for meta-analysis. Psychological interventions improved post-intervention positive symptoms, social functioning and treatment compliance and reduced the risk of relapse/ re-hospitalisation, relative to control conditions. Analyses of specific intervention effects found positive effects of psychoeducation on several key outcomes (power > 80%) and preliminary evidence for positive effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and metacognitive training (MCT) on some outcomes (power < 80%). CONCLUSION Psychological interventions can be helpful for acute inpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. However, risk of bias was often high or unclear, and some analyses were underpowered. Further research should use more rigorous RCT designs and publish meta-analysable data on positive symptoms, general psychopathology, relapse/ re-hospitalisation, social functioning and treatment compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Barnicot
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; School of Health Sciences, City University of London, Myddleton Street Building, 1Myddleton Street, London EC1R 1UW, United Kingdom.
| | - C Michael
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - E Trione
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - S Lang
- St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - T Saunders
- St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - M Sharp
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - M J Crawford
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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5
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Feutry P, Devloo-Delva F, Tran Lu Y A, Mona S, Gunasekera RM, Johnson G, Pillans RD, Jaccoud D, Kilian A, Morgan DL, Saunders T, Bax NJ, Kyne PM. One panel to rule them all: DArTcap genotyping for population structure, historical demography, and kinship analyses, and its application to a threatened shark. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 20:1470-1485. [PMID: 32492756 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in sequencing technology, genomic data are changing how important conservation management decisions are made. Applications such as Close-Kin Mark-Recapture demand large amounts of data to estimate population size and structure, and their full potential can only be realised through ongoing improvements in genotyping strategies. Here we introduce DArTcap, a cost-efficient method that combines DArTseq and sequence capture, and illustrate its use in a high resolution population analysis of Glyphis garricki, a rare, poorly known and threatened euryhaline shark. Clustering analyses and spatial distribution of kin pairs from four different regions across northern Australia and one in Papua New Guinea, representing its entire known range, revealed that each region hosts at least one distinct population. Further structuring is likely within Van Diemen Gulf, the region that included the most rivers sampled, suggesting additional population structuring would be found if other rivers were sampled. Coalescent analyses and spatially explicit modelling suggest that G. garricki experienced a recent range expansion during the opening of the Gulf of Carpentaria following the conclusion of the Last Glacial Maximum. The low migration rates between neighbouring populations of a species that is found only in restricted coastal and riverine habitats show the importance of managing each population separately, including careful monitoring of local and remote anthropogenic activities that may affect their environments. Overall we demonstrated how a carefully chosen SNP panel combined with DArTcap can provide highly accurate kinship inference and also support population structure and historical demography analyses, therefore maximising cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Floriaan Devloo-Delva
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences - Quantitative Marine Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Adrien Tran Lu Y
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Mona
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, French Polynesia
| | | | - Grant Johnson
- Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Aquatic Resource Research Unit, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | | | - Damian Jaccoud
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrzej Kilian
- Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - David L Morgan
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Aquatic Resource Research Unit, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Bax
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS, Australia.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Peter M Kyne
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
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6
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Said R, Zheng L, Saunders T, Zeidler M, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Generation of Amelx-iCre Mice Supports Ameloblast-Specific Role for Stim1. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1002-1010. [PMID: 31329049 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519858976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and targeting of the molecular pathways regulating amelogenesis is an ongoing challenge in dental research, and progress has been restricted by the limited number of genetic tools available to study gene function in ameloblasts. Here, we generated 4 transgenic Cre-driver mouse lines that express improved Cre (iCre)-recombinase from the locus of the mouse ameloblast-specific gene amelogenin X (Amelx-iCre) with a large (250-kb) bacterial artificial chromosome DNA vector. All 4 Amelx-iCre transgenic lines were bred with ROSA26 reporter mice to characterize the iCre developmental pattern with the LacZ gene encoding β-galactosidase enzyme activity assay and Cre protein immunohistochemistry. From the 4 generated transgenic lines, 2 were selected for further analysis because they expressed a high amount of Cre recombinase exclusively in ameloblasts and showed developmental stage- and cell-specific β-galactosidase activity mimicking the endogenous amelogenin expression. To test the functionality of the selected transgenic models, we bred the 2 Amelx-iCre mice lines with stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1) floxed mice to generate ameloblast-specific Stim1 conditional knockout mice (Stim1 cKO). STIM1 protein serves as one of the main calcium sensors in ameloblasts and plays a major role in enamel mineralization and ameloblast differentiation. Amelx-iCre mice displayed exclusive CRE-mediated recombination in incisor and molar ameloblasts. Stim1 cKO mice showed a severely defected enamel phenotype, including reduced structural integrity concomitant with increased attrition and smaller teeth. The phenotype and genotype of the Amelx-iCre/Stim1 cKO showed significant differences with the previously reported Ker14-Cre/Stim1 cKO, highlighting the need for cell- and stage-specific Cre lines for an accurate phenotype-genotype comparison. Furthermore, our model has the advantage of carrying the entire Amelx gene locus rather than being limited to an Amelx partial promoter construct, which greatly enhances the stability and the specificity of our Cre expression. As such, the Amelx-iCre transgenic lines that we developed may serve as a powerful tool for targeting ameloblast-specific gene expression in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Said
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,2 College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - L Zheng
- 3 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Saunders
- 4 Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Zeidler
- 4 Transgenic Animal Model Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Papagerakis
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,6 Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - P Papagerakis
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,2 College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,7 Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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DiBattista JD, Travers MJ, Moore GI, Evans RD, Newman SJ, Feng M, Moyle SD, Gorton RJ, Saunders T, Berry O. Seascape genomics reveals fine-scale patterns of dispersal for a reef fish along the ecologically divergent coast of Northwestern Australia. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6206-6223. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. DiBattista
- Department of Environment and Agriculture; Curtin University; Perth WA Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
| | - Michael J. Travers
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
- Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories; Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development; Government of Western Australia; North Beach WA Australia
| | - Glenn I. Moore
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
- Department of Aquatic Zoology; Western Australian Museum; Welshpool WA Australia
| | - Richard D. Evans
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions; Perth WA Australia
- School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
| | - Stephen J. Newman
- Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories; Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development; Government of Western Australia; North Beach WA Australia
| | - Ming Feng
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
- CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure; Level 4 - Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
| | - Samuel D. Moyle
- Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories; Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development; Government of Western Australia; North Beach WA Australia
| | | | - Thor Saunders
- Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries; Darwin NT Australia
| | - Oliver Berry
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
- CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure; Level 4 - Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
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8
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Taillebois L, Barton DP, Crook DA, Saunders T, Taylor J, Hearnden M, Saunders RJ, Newman SJ, Travers MJ, Welch DJ, Greig A, Dudgeon C, Maher S, Ovenden JR. Strong population structure deduced from genetics, otolith chemistry and parasite abundances explains vulnerability to localized fishery collapse in a large Sciaenid fish, Protonibea diacanthus. Evol Appl 2017; 10:978-993. [PMID: 29151854 PMCID: PMC5680636 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As pressure on coastal marine resources is increasing globally, the need to quantitatively assess vulnerable fish stocks is crucial in order to avoid the ecological consequences of stock depletions. Species of Sciaenidae (croakers, drums) are important components of tropical and temperate fisheries and are especially vulnerable to exploitation. The black‐spotted croaker, Protonibea diacanthus, is the only large sciaenid in coastal waters of northern Australia where it is targeted by commercial, recreational and indigenous fishers due to its food value and predictable aggregating behaviour. Localized declines in the abundance of this species have been observed, highlighting the urgent requirement by managers for information on fine‐ and broad‐scale population connectivity. This study examined the population structure of P. diacanthus across north‐western Australia using three complementary methods: genetic variation in microsatellite markers, otolith elemental composition and parasite assemblage composition. The genetic analyses demonstrated that there were at least five genetically distinct populations across the study region, with gene flow most likely restricted by inshore biogeographic barriers such as the Dampier Peninsula. The otolith chemistry and parasite analyses also revealed strong spatial variation among locations within broad‐scale regions, suggesting fine‐scale location fidelity within the lifetimes of individual fish. The complementarity of the three techniques elucidated patterns of connectivity over a range of spatial and temporal scales. We conclude that fisheries stock assessments and management are required at fine scales (100 s of km) to account for the restricted exchange among populations (stocks) and to prevent localized extirpations of this species. Realistic management arrangements may involve the successive closure and opening of fishing areas to reduce fishing pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taillebois
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia.,North Australia Marine Research Alliance Arafura Timor Research Facility Brinkin NT Australia
| | - Diane P Barton
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia.,Department of Primary Industry and Resources Northern Territory Government Berrimah NT Australia
| | - David A Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- Department of Primary Industry and Resources Northern Territory Government Berrimah NT Australia
| | - Jonathan Taylor
- Department of Primary Industry and Resources Northern Territory Government Berrimah NT Australia
| | - Mark Hearnden
- Department of Primary Industry and Resources Northern Territory Government Berrimah NT Australia
| | - Richard J Saunders
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and AquacultureJames Cook University Douglas QLD Australia.,Animal Science Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories Department of Fisheries Government of Western Australia North Beach WA Australia
| | - Michael J Travers
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories Department of Fisheries Government of Western Australia North Beach WA Australia
| | | | - Alan Greig
- School of Earth Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Christine Dudgeon
- Molecular Fisheries Laboratory School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Safia Maher
- Molecular Fisheries Laboratory School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Jennifer R Ovenden
- Molecular Fisheries Laboratory School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD Australia
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9
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Verhaegen M, Mangelberger D, Harms P, Eberl M, Wilbert D, Meireles J, Zabawa H, Saunders T, Dlugosz A. 143 Merkel cell carcinoma-like tumor development in mice is dependent on the FBXW7 binding domain of Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Jervis S, Saunders T, Belcher J, Skinner D. Evaluating three hundred and fifty-two admissions and predictors of re-admissions for epistaxis - is it time to re-evaluate tranexamic acid in epistaxis? Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:439-442. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jervis
- ENT Dept; Princess Royal Hospital; Telford UK
| | - T. Saunders
- ENT Dept; Princess Royal Hospital; Telford UK
| | - J. Belcher
- Department of Mathematics and Computing; Keele University; Stoke-on-Trent UK
| | - D. Skinner
- ENT Dept; Princess Royal Hospital; Telford UK
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- E. K. Chien
- Department of Obstetries and Gynecology, MC 2050, University of Chicago Hospital, 5841 S. Maryaland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - M. Phillippe
- Department of Obstetries and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Moore CH, Radford BT, Possingham HP, Heyward AJ, Stewart RR, Watts ME, Prescott J, Newman SJ, Harvey ES, Fisher R, Bryce CW, Lowe RJ, Berry O, Espinosa-Gayosso A, Sporer E, Saunders T. Improving spatial prioritisation for remote marine regions: optimising biodiversity conservation and sustainable development trade-offs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32029. [PMID: 27556689 PMCID: PMC4996080 DOI: 10.1038/srep32029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating large conservation zones in remote areas, with less intense stakeholder overlap and limited environmental information, requires periodic review to ensure zonation mitigates primary threats and fill gaps in representation, while achieving conservation targets. Follow-up reviews can utilise improved methods and data, potentially identifying new planning options yielding a desirable balance between stakeholder interests. This research explored a marine zoning system in north-west Australia-a biodiverse area with poorly documented biota. Although remote, it is economically significant (i.e. petroleum extraction and fishing). Stakeholder engagement was used to source the best available biodiversity and socio-economic data and advanced spatial analyses produced 765 high resolution data layers, including 674 species distributions representing 119 families. Gap analysis revealed the current proposed zoning system as inadequate, with 98.2% of species below the Convention on Biological Diversity 10% representation targets. A systematic conservation planning algorithm Maxan provided zoning options to meet representation targets while balancing this with industry interests. Resulting scenarios revealed that conservation targets could be met with minimal impacts on petroleum and fishing industries, with estimated losses of 4.9% and 7.2% respectively. The approach addressed important knowledge gaps and provided a powerful and transparent method to reconcile industry interests with marine conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia H Moore
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, UWA Oceans Institute (M096), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia.,School of Earth and Environment and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, PMB 5, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia
| | - Ben T Radford
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, UWA Oceans Institute (M096), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,School of Earth and Environment and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J Heyward
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, UWA Oceans Institute (M096), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Romola R Stewart
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew E Watts
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jim Prescott
- Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia
| | - Euan S Harvey
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, UWA Oceans Institute (M096), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Clay W Bryce
- Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6986, Australia
| | - Ryan J Lowe
- School of Earth and Environment and the UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Oliver Berry
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, PMB 5, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia
| | - Alexis Espinosa-Gayosso
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering and the UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Errol Sporer
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
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13
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Verhaegen M, Mangelberger D, Harms P, Wilbert D, Meireles J, Saunders T, Dlugosz A. 092 Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen co-expressed with Atoh1 drives development of intraepidermal MCC. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Taillebois L, Crook DA, Saunders T, Williams SM, Ovenden JR. The complete mitochondrial genome of the grass emperor, Lethrinus laticaudis (Perciformes: Lethrinidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:277-279. [PMID: 33644359 PMCID: PMC7871818 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1166076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The grass emperor Lethrinus laticaudis is a coral reef fish that has high value to fisheries and is vulnerable to overharvesting. The complete mitochondrial genome was assembled from approximately 5.5 million reads produced by Illumina MiSeq. The 16,758 bp consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes (12S and 16S). The genes and RNAs order and orientation on as well as the A + T base content (50.7%) was similar to what is found in other Teleosts. A phylogenetic tree with the most closely related species available in GenBank was built to validate L. laticaudis mitogenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taillebois
- North Australia Marine Research Alliance, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - David A. Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, NT, Australia
| | - Samuel M. Williams
- Molecular Fisheries Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Ovenden
- Molecular Fisheries Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Saunders T. Return of the parapharyneal abscess: An effect of NHS austerity? Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alexander M, King J, Bajel A, Doecke C, Fox P, Lingaratnam S, Mellor JD, Nicholson L, Roos I, Saunders T, Wilkes J, Zielinski R, Byrne J, MacMillan K, Mollo A, Kirsa S, Green M. Australian consensus guidelines for the safe handling of monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment by healthcare personnel. Intern Med J 2014; 44:1018-26. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alexander
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - J. King
- Pharmacy Department; Western Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - A. Bajel
- Department of Haematology; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - C. Doecke
- Pharmacy Department; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - P. Fox
- Department of Medical Oncology; Central West Cancer Service; Orange New South Wales Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - S. Lingaratnam
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - J. D. Mellor
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Roche Pty Ltd; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - L. Nicholson
- Oncology/Haematology Services; Royal Hobart Hospital; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - I. Roos
- Youth Research Centre; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - T. Saunders
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Cancer Nurses Society of Australia; National Executive Committee; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - J. Wilkes
- View Health Pty Ltd; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Chemo@home Pty Ltd; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - R. Zielinski
- Department of Medical Oncology; Central West Cancer Service; Orange New South Wales Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - J. Byrne
- Western and Central Melbourne Integrated Cancer Service (WCMICS); Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - K. MacMillan
- Pharmacy Department; Western Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - A. Mollo
- Pharmacy Department; Western Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - S. Kirsa
- Pharmacy Department; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - M. Green
- Cancer Services; Western Health; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Dholakia A, Herman J, Valero V, Wild A, Saunders T, Weiss M, Cameron J, Cameron J, Hruban R, Laheru D, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Wolfgang C. Detection of Somatic Mutations in Fine Needle Aspirates of Pancreatic Cancer With Next-Generation Sequencing. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Taillebois L, Crook D, Saunders T, Ovenden J. The complete mitochondrial genome of the black jewfish Protonibea diacanthus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:779-80. [PMID: 24841319 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.915538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe the complete mitochondrial genome of the black Jewfish Protonibea diacanthus. It was assembled from approximately 1.6 million reads produced by Ion Torrent next generation sequencing. The complete genome was 16,521 bp in length consisting of 13 protein-coding regions, 22 tRNA, 12S and 16S rRNA as well as two non-coding regions. The A+T base content (52.8%) is similar to other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taillebois
- a North Australia Marine Research Alliance, Charles Darwin University , Darwin , NT , Australia .,b Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University , Darwin , NT , Australia
| | - David Crook
- b Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University , Darwin , NT , Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- c Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries , Northern Territory Government , Berrimah , NT , Australia , and
| | - Jennifer Ovenden
- d Molecular Fisheries Laboratory , School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD , Australia
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Taillebois L, Crook D, Saunders T, Ovenden J. The complete mitochondrial genome of the golden snapper Lutjanus johnii (Perciformes: Lutjanidae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:819-20. [PMID: 24845443 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.919457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe the complete mitochondrial genome of the golden snapper Lutjanus johnii. It was assembled from approximately 1.4 million reads produced by Ion Torrent next generation sequencing. The complete genome was 16,596 bp in length consisting of 13 protein-coding regions, 22 tRNA, 12S and 16S rRNA as well as two non-coding regions. The A+T base content (52.8%) is similar to other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taillebois
- a North Australia Marine Research Alliance, Charles Darwin University , Darwin , NT , Australia .,b Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University , Darwin , NT , Australia
| | - David Crook
- b Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University , Darwin , NT , Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- c Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries , Northern Territory Government , Berrimah , NT , Australia , and
| | - Jennifer Ovenden
- d Molecular Fisheries Laboratory , School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , QLD , Australia
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Abstract
We reviewed the outcome of patients who had been treated operatively for symptomatic peri-acetabular metastases and present an algorithm to guide treatment. The records of 81 patients who had been treated operatively for symptomatic peri-acetabular metastases between 1987 and 2010 were identified. There were 27 men and 54 women with a mean age of 61 years (15 to 87). The diagnosis, size of lesion, degree of pelvic continuity, type of reconstruction, World Health Organization performance status, survival time, pain, mobility and complications including implant failure were recorded in each case. The overall patient survivorship at five years was 5%. The longest lived patient survived 16 years from the date of diagnosis. The mean survival was 23 months (< 1 to 16 years) and the median was 15 months. At follow-up 14 patients remained alive. Two cementoplasties failed because of local disease progression. Three Harrington rods broke: one patient needed a subsequent Girdlestone procedure. One 'ice-cream cone' prosthesis dislocated and was subsequently revised without further problems. We recommend the 'ice-cream cone' for pelvic discontinuity and Harrington rod reconstruction for severe bone loss. Smaller defects can be safely managed using standard revision hip techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahid
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bone Tumour Unit, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham B31 2AP, UK
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Vigilante T, Toohey J, Gorring A, Blundell V, Saunders T, Mangolamara S, George K, Oobagooma J, Waina M, Morgan K, Doohan K. Island country: Aboriginal connections, values and knowledge of the Western Australian Kimberley islands in the context of an island biological survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.81.2013.145-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Saunders T, Chaput J, Goldfield G, Colley R, Kenny G, Doucet E, Tremblay M. Effects of prolonged sitting and physical activity on markers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy children and youth: A pilot study. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saunders T, Vassos G, Kong J, Hopkins C, Thomas N, Roberts D. Endoscopic Transpterygoid Infratemporal Fossa Approach to Giant Skull Base Schwannoma. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mortimer A, Saunders T, Cook JL. Cross-sectional imaging for diagnosis and clinical outcome prediction of acute basilar artery thrombosis. Clin Radiol 2011; 66:551-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yeo A, Boyd P, Lumsden S, Saunders T, Handley A, Stubbins M, Knaggs A, Asquith S, Taylor I, Bahari B, Crocker N, Rallan R, Varsani S, Montgomery D, Alpers DH, Dukes GE, Purvis I, Hicks GA. Association between a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome in women. Gut 2004; 53:1452-8. [PMID: 15361494 PMCID: PMC1774243 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.035451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serotonin (5-hydroxtryptamine, 5-HT) is an important factor in gut function, playing key roles in intestinal peristalsis and secretion, and in sensory signalling in the brain-gut axis. Removal from its sites of action is mediated by a specific protein called the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT or 5-HTT). Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the SERT gene have effects on transcriptional activity, resulting in altered 5-HT reuptake efficiency. It has been speculated that such functional polymorphisms may underlie disturbance in gut function in individuals suffering with disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to assess the potential association between SERT polymorphisms and the diarrhoea predominant IBS (dIBS) phenotype. SUBJECTS A total of 194 North American Caucasian female dIBS patients and 448 female Caucasian controls were subjected to genotyping. METHODS Leucocyte DNA of all subjects was analysed by polymerase chain reaction based technologies for nine SERT polymorphisms, including the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter (SERT-P) and the variable tandem repeat in intron 2. Statistical analysis was performed to assess association of any SERT polymorphism allele with the dIBS phenotype. RESULTS A strong genotypic association was observed between the SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype and the dIBS phenotype (p = 3.07x10(-5); n = 194). None of the other polymorphisms analysed was significantly associated with the presence of disease. CONCLUSIONS Significant association was observed between dIBS and the SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype, suggesting that the serotonin transporter is a potential candidate gene for dIBS in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yeo
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, USCDMA, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936-1080, USA
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Seers K, Crichton N, Carroll D, Richards S, Saunders T. Evidence-based postoperative pain management in nursing: is a randomized-controlled trial the most appropriate design? J Nurs Manag 2004; 12:183-93. [PMID: 15089956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2004.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing drive to make nursing care evidence-based. High quality evidence from systematic reviews relevant to postoperative pain relief exists, yet pain after surgery remains poorly controlled for many patients. This study aimed to assess whether implementing evidence-based pain management improved postoperative pain outcomes. Pain on a 0-10 scale was the primary outcome and analgesic consumption a secondary outcome. A baseline audit was undertaken on four surgical wards to establish whether there was a need for the study. A randomized-controlled trial was then designed to assess the effects of implementing an evidence-based approach to postoperative pain management. The four wards were randomized to receive the intervention or act as a control. Outcomes were assessed 3 months after the intervention on both intervention and control wards. The intervention (implementation of an oral analgesic algorithm derived from systematic reviews) was then implemented on the control wards and outcomes reassessed after 3 months on the control wards. The intervention was designed using an evidence-based approach to effective implementation. Four interactive sessions covered: (1) detailed feedback of baseline data and discussion (utilizing audit and feedback), (2) why systematic reviews, analgesic league tables and choice of drugs to develop an analgesic algorithm (see Figure 1), (3) principles of evidence based health care (EBHC), including critical appraisal and (4) facilitation and change workshop. The findings revealed no significant differences in pain level or drug use between the intervention and control wards. However, the control wards also changed during the control period. Possible explanations for this are discussed. When looking at changes compared with baseline, both intervention and control wards increased their use of algorithm drugs and reduced use of non-algorithm drugs during the study. No effects were found on pain in the intervention wards. Pain ratings at rest since surgery, on movement since surgery and worst pain on movement were significantly reduced compared with baseline in the control wards. Although there are many pressures to utilize a randomized-controlled trial study design in the culture of evidence-based health care, there will be times, especially when implementing complex changes in practice that other types of design should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seers
- Royal College of Nursing Institute, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
Biological rhythms, physical wellbeing and mental states are dependent on our electrical brainwave system interacting with the extremely weak electromagnetic fields generated by the Earth's telluric and Cosmic radiations. In a single generation, since the evolution of humankind over millions of years, we are exposed to a wide range of powerful, artificially generated electromagnetic radiation which adversely affects the subtle balance in nature's energy fields and has become the source of so-called 'diseases of civilization'. This also includes electromagnetic sensitivity. Generally, there is a lack of awareness and understanding of the impact electromagnetic fields can have upon health and wellbeing.Our ancestors were acutely aware that certain locations, were perceived to have a positive energy field which was beneficial to health and vitality. Over time, these areas are now referred to as sacred sites for spiritual ceremony and as healing centres. In contrast, there are other geographical locations that can have a negative effect upon health and these are known as geopathic stress zones. It is believed that such zones can interfere with the brain's normal function that inhibits the release of melatonin and other endocrine secretions needed to replenish the immune system. Geopathic stress can affect animals and plant life as well as human beings and significantly contributes to sick building syndrome (SBS). Whilst there is an increasing body of opinion amongst eminent researchers and scientists who are addressing these issues, the establishment professions are slow to change. However, very gradually, modern allopathic medicine and attitudes are beginning to recognise the extraordinary wisdom and efficacy of ancient traditions such as acupuncture, light, colour and other therapies based on the understanding and treatment of the interaction of a person's electromagnetic subtle body and the immediate environment. These and many other 'complementary' therapies may soon become mainstream medical practice. In the meantime, we can help ourselves by learning how to detect the hazards and daily practise prudent avoidance.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway appears to play a significant role in the intracellular events leading to agonist-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions. The studies described in this report were performed to characterize phospholipase C isoform expression at the protein level and to confirm histologic localization of these proteins within the myometrial smooth muscle layers of the uterus. METHODS For these studies, uterine tissue was obtained from timed- pregnant and spontaneously cycling adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. After isolation of myometrial cell membranes and cytosolic proteins, Western blots were performed by using phospholipase C isoform-specific antibodies. Tissue cross-sections of near-term pregnant rat uterus were used with the phospholipase C isoform-specific antibodies for immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The Western blot studies confirmed expression of the phospholipase C-beta3, -gamma1, -gamma2, and -delta1 proteins in both the membrane and cytosolic fractions of rat myometrium; in contrast, only trace amounts of the phospholipase C-beta1 protein was observed in this tissue. The immunohistochemical studies demonstrated localization of the phospholipase C-beta3, -gamma1, -gamma2, -delta1 and to a lesser degree phospholipase C-beta1 isoforms within the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the near-term pregnant rat uterus. CONCLUSION These studies have confirmed the simultaneous expression of several phospholipase C proteins within the smooth muscle cells of the pregnant and nonpregnant rat uterus, thereby providing support for the possible redundant role of these signal transduction enzymes during the generation of cytosolic calcium oscillations and phasic myometrial contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Ill, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thrombin generated during the active clotting of blood appears to be a potent uterotonic agonist; however, the mechanism underlying this effect on uterine smooth muscle is not well understood. We performed studies to confirm the uterotonic effects of thrombin and to determine whether prostaglandin production plays a role during the uterotonic effects of thrombin or clotting blood. METHODS Uterine contraction studies were performed using adult nonpregnant and near-term pregnant rats. The in vitro isometric contraction studies used uterine strips pretreated with indomethacin or vehicle (ethanol), which were then stimulated with thrombin. For the in vivo contraction studies, rats were pretreated with intraperitoneal injections of indomethacin or vehicle (ethanol) then stimulated by intraluminal injection of fresh rat blood or thrombin into the uterus. The contraction data were acquired using isometric force transducers, were computer digitized, normalized for spontaneous activity, and statistically analyzed. Prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha was measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS The in vitro contraction studies demonstrated that both thrombin and actively clotting blood produce a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions. Thrombin stimulation was associated with a 54% increase in PGF2alpha concentration in vitro; indomethacin (1 microM) pretreatment completely inhibited that increase in PGF2alpha production. Despite the suppression of PGF2alpha production, pretreatment with indomethacin had no inhibitory effect on thrombin-stimulated contractile activity. In vivo contraction studies further confirmed that indomethacin (2 mg/kg) pretreatment had no effect on blood- or thrombin-stimulated contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that thrombin and thrombin produced by actively clotting blood had a robust uterotonic effect in the rat and that prostaglandin production did not play a significant role in thrombin-stimulated contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Phillippe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Sun D, Samuelson LC, Yang T, Huang Y, Paliege A, Saunders T, Briggs J, Schnermann J. Mediation of tubuloglomerular feedback by adenosine: evidence from mice lacking adenosine 1 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:9983-8. [PMID: 11504952 PMCID: PMC55564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171317998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a determinant of metabolic control of organ function increasing oxygen supply through the A2 class of adenosine receptors and reducing oxygen demand through A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR). In the kidney, activation of A1AR in afferent glomerular arterioles has been suggested to contribute to tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), the vasoconstriction elicited by elevations in [NaCl] in the macula densa region of the nephron. To further elucidate the role of A1AR in TGF, we have generated mice in which the entire A1AR coding sequence was deleted by homologous recombination. Homozygous A1AR mutants that do not express A1AR mRNA transcripts and do not respond to A1AR agonists are viable and without gross anatomical abnormalities. Plasma and urinary electrolytes were not different between genotypes. Likewise, arterial blood pressure, heart rates, and glomerular filtration rates were indistinguishable between A1AR(+/+), A1AR(+/-), and A1AR(-/-) mice. TGF responses to an increase in loop of Henle flow rate from 0 to 30 nl/min, whether determined as change of stop flow pressure or early proximal flow rate, were completely abolished in A1AR(-/-) mice (stop flow pressure response, -6.8 +/- 0.55 mmHg and -0.4 +/- 0.2 in A1AR(+/+) and A1AR(-/-) mice; early proximal flow rate response, -3.4 +/- 0.4 nl/min and +0.02 +/- 0.3 nl/min in A1AR(+/+) and A1AR(-/-) mice). Absence of TGF responses in A1AR-deficient mice suggests that adenosine is a required constituent of the juxtaglomerular signaling pathway. A1AR null mutant mice are a promising tool to study the functional role of A1AR in different target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sun
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Scheuner D, Song B, McEwen E, Liu C, Laybutt R, Gillespie P, Saunders T, Bonner-Weir S, Kaufman RJ. Translational control is required for the unfolded protein response and in vivo glucose homeostasis. Mol Cell 2001; 7:1165-76. [PMID: 11430820 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1042] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) attenuates protein synthesis initiation through phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha) at Ser51. Subsequently, transcription of genes encoding adaptive functions including the glucose-regulated proteins is induced. We show that eIF2alpha phosphorylation is required for translation attenuation, transcriptional induction, and survival in response to ER stress. Mice with a homozygous mutation at the eIF2alpha phosphorylation site (Ser51Ala) died within 18 hr after birth due to hypoglycemia associated with defective gluconeogenesis. In addition, homozygous mutant embryos and neonates displayed a deficiency in pancreatic beta cells. The results demonstrate that regulation of translation through eIF2alpha phosphorylation is essential for the ER stress response and in vivo glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scheuner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE A previous report from our laboratory demonstrated that thrombin stimulates myometrial contractions by activating the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in a dose-dependent fashion. The studies described in this report sought to determine whether thrombin and blood stimulate myometrial contractions both in vivo and in vitro and whether these uterotonic effects could be suppressed or prevented with thrombin inhibitors. STUDY DESIGN In vitro contraction studies were performed with proestrus and estrus rat myometrial tissue. In vivo contraction studies were performed with nonpregnant and timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS Pretreatment of thrombin with hirudin suppressed the uterotonic effects of thrombin in vitro. Fresh whole blood stimulated myometrial contractions in a dose-dependent fashion in vitro, and thrombin inhibitors decreased the myometrial response seen with blood alone. Thrombin increased the frequency, intensity, and tone of myometrial contractions in vivo in a dose-related manner. In pregnant animals increasing doses of whole blood increased the frequency and tone of myometrial contractions. In both pregnant and nonpregnant animals whole blood significantly stimulated myometrial contractions, whereas heparinization of the blood significantly suppressed this in vivo uterotonic effect. CONCLUSION Thrombin is a potent uterotonic agent both in vitro and in vivo; furthermore, the uterotonic effects of blood appeared to be related to thrombin production during coagulation. These studies provide a possible mechanistic explanation for the observed increase in myometrial contractions in the presence of intrauterine bleeding and may also provide an insight into preterm labor associated with vaginal bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Elovitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Elovitz MA, Ascher-Landsberg J, Saunders T, Phillippe M. The mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effects of thrombin on myometrial smooth muscle. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183:674-81. [PMID: 10992192 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2000.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying the stimulation of uterine contractions in the presence of intrauterine hemorrhage have not been well defined. Thrombin, a blood coagulation factor, activates membrane receptors to result in the stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway and the mobilization of cytosolic calcium in platelets. Our studies sought to determine whether thrombin stimulates similar events in myometrial smooth muscle. STUDY DESIGN Cytosolic calcium imaging and in vitro contraction studies were performed with rat myometrial tissue. RESULTS At a concentration range of 1 to 100 U/mL thrombin produced phasic myometrial contractions, which were comparable in intensity to those produced by oxytocin and prostaglandin F(2)(alpha). Thrombin-induced cytosolic calcium concentration oscillations were similar to those produced by oxytocin. Contractions stimulated by thrombin were significantly suppressed in response to inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway. These studies also confirmed that membrane receptor-Gq protein coupling events play a more important role than tyrosine kinase-mediated events during thrombin stimulation of myometrial smooth muscle. CONCLUSION Thrombin is a potent uterotonic agonist, and its effects in myometrium are mediated by intracellular signaling events comparable to those activated by classic uterotonic agents. The physiologic importance of thrombin appears to be related to its potential role in the stimulation of uterine contractions in the presence of intrauterine hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Elovitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report measured the effect of births at 22 weeks' gestation or earlier on infant mortality in Philadelphia, Pa. METHODS The proportion of live-born deliveries at 22 weeks or earlier was calculated. Overall and race-specific infant mortality was calculated after excluding live-born deliveries at 22 weeks' gestation or earlier. RESULTS Of all deliveries, 1.5% were at 22 weeks or earlier. Of these, 68% were stillborn and 32% were live-born. Large hospital-to-hospital variation in the proportion of live-born deliveries at 22 weeks' gestation or earlier was noted. When nonviable births were excluded, overall infant mortality decreased 40%. CONCLUSIONS The development of a standardized birth certificate policy is needed and will facilitate comparisons of infant mortality across spatial boundaries and racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gibson
- Division of Neonatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107, USA.
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35
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Ascher-Landsberg J, Saunders T, Phillippe M. The role of diacylglycerol as a modulator of oxytocin-stimulated phasic contractions in myometrium from pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 182:943-9. [PMID: 10764478 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(00)70351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of diacylglycerol in the phosphatidylinositol-signaling pathway is to activate protein kinase C. In the myometrium, protein kinase C activation leads to inhibition of phasic contractions. These studies are designed to determine why stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol-signaling pathway caused by oxytocin does not cause a paradoxical suppression of contractions through diacylglycerol production and protein kinase C activation. Specifically, these studies were performed to test the hypothesis that diacylglycerol catabolism is significant in myometrial tissue, thereby precluding its availability for the activation of protein kinase C. STUDY DESIGN For these studies, uterine tissue was obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats both nonpregnant and with timed gestations. In vitro contraction studies were performed with cumulative additions of oxytocin (8-64 nmol/L) with and without R59022 (a diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor) or RHC80267 (a diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor). The contraction data were computer-digitalized, analyzed for total contractile activity, normalized for tissue cross-sectional area, and reported as the percentage of spontaneous activity. RESULTS In myometrium from nonpregnant animals, inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase with RHC80267 had little effect on oxytocin-stimulated contractile activity, whereas inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase with R59022, although producing an increase in contractile frequency, markedly suppressed total oxytocin-stimulated contractile activity. In contrast, in myometrium from near-term pregnant animals both RHC80267 and R59022 produced marked suppression of oxytocin-stimulated contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS These studies have demonstrated that prevention of diacylglycerol degradation, especially in response to inhibition of myometrial diacylglycerol kinase, results in the paradoxic oxytocin-mediated suppression of total myometrial contractile activity. These observations support the hypothesis that, when its catabolism is prevented, diacylglycerol produced in response to stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol-signaling pathway by oxytocin becomes available for protein kinase C activation, resulting in inhibition of myometrial contractile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ascher-Landsberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Ascher-Landsberg J, Saunders T, Elovitz M, Phillippe M. The effects of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a novel inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate receptor modulator on myometrial contractions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 264:979-82. [PMID: 10544041 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
These studies were performed to evaluate the effect of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a novel membrane-permeable inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-receptor inhibitor on agonist-induced, spontaneous, and KCl-stimulated in vitro myometrial contractions. 2-APB significantly inhibited spontaneous myometrial contractions as well as phasic contractions induced by various uterotonic agonists. Confiriming its effects on intracellular calcium release, 2-APB inhibited phasic contractions in the absence of extracellular calcium. 2-APB had little effect on the tonic response to KCl stimulation, implicating its insignificant effect on voltage-gated calcium channels. The inhibitory effect of 2-APB on phasic contractions was completely reversed by washout. In summary, 2-APB effectively penetrated uterine tissue and significantly inhibited myometrial events previously shown to be mediated through activation of the PI-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ascher-Landsberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
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37
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway plays a key role during the generation of agonist-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions. Protein kinase C (PKC), a component of this signaling pathway, has been previously shown to produce feedback inhibition of agonist-stimulated myometrial contractions. The studies described in this report were performed to survey the tissue-specific expression of several PKC isoforms in the rat uterus. METHODS Uterine tissue was obtained from timed pregnant and normally cycling adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using the Vectastain ABC immunostaining technique and PKC isoform-specific polyclonal antibodies. Western blot studies were performed using myometrial tissue separated into cytosol and membrane fractions by differential centrifugation. RESULTS These studies confirmed significant expression of the PKC-alpha, -beta 2, -delta, -eta, and -zeta isoforms in myometrium from pregnant and estrus rats, whereas only trace or no expression of the PKC-beta 1, -gamma, -epsilon, and -theta isoforms was observed. Expression of the PKC-alpha, -beta 2, and -eta isoforms decreased modestly during the latter days of gestation; in contrast, PKC-delta and -zeta remained stable during this period. The immunohistochemical studies confirmed expression of the PKC-alpha, -beta 2, -delta, -eta, and -zeta isoforms in both circular and longitudinal smooth-muscle layers of the near-term pregnant rat uterus. CONCLUSION In summary, these studies have confirmed significant levels of expression of several isoforms of PKC in estrus and near-term pregnant rat uterine tissue, which was most prominent in the smooth-muscle cells of the myometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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38
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Abstract
Intrauterine gene transfer in mice by intraplacental microinjection of recombinant adenoviral or retroviral vectors carrying beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene was analyzed in relation to gestational stage, viral titer and promoters. After injections of viral vectors on days 9.5, 11.5 or 14.5 post coitum (p.c.), embryos, fetuses and adult animals were analyzed for beta-gal expression on days 13.5 p.c., 18.5 p.c. and at 2 months of age, respectively. Injection of adenoviral vectors on day 9.5 or day 11.5 p.c. resulted in high beta-gal expression in the heart or liver, respectively. Injection on either day also gave expression in other tissues including vasculature and hindbrain. This temporal pattern of adenoviral transduction correlated with the expression level of integrin beta3 subunit, which is known to be a component involved in adenoviral transduction. Adenovirus-mediated intrauterine gene transfer resulted in persistent beta-gal expression in multiple cell foci in the liver and hearts of 2-month-old adult animals treated in utero, indicating stable integration of the transgene into the host cell genome at a low frequency. Although at low efficiency, injection of retroviral vector on day 9.5 and 11.5 p.c. resulted in beta-gal expression in embryonic liver, while day 9.5 p.c. injection resulted in persistent beta-gal expression in 2-month-old adult heart. This is the first study to show gestational stage-specific gene transfer via intraplacental microinjection of adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Türkay
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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39
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Ascher-Landsberg J, Saunders T, Phillippe M. Tyrosine kinase-mediated activation of cytosolic calcium oscillations and phasic myometrial contractions. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1999; 6:240-4. [PMID: 10554761 DOI: 10.1016/s1071-5576(99)00031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
These studies sought to test the hypothesis that tyrosine kinase-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions are mediated by activation of the phosphatidylinositol (PI)-signaling pathway and the generation of cytosolic calcium oscillations. For these studies, uterine tissue was obtained from adult female Sprague-Dawley white rats during the proestrus/estrus phase of the cycle. In vitro contraction studies were performed using pervanadate (a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor) with and without inhibitors of the PI-signaling pathway, including 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate (a phospholipase C inhibitor), thimerosal (an inositol-trisphosphate receptor/channel inhibitor), and Ruthenium red (a ryanodine receptor inhibitor), and with oxytocin or prostaglandin F2 alpha (two classic uterotonic agonists). Cytosolic calcium studies were performed using Fura-2-loaded myometrial strips. During these studies, pervanadate was observed to produce cytosolic calcium oscillations and phasic contractions in myometrial tissue comparable to those produced in response to oxytocin and prostaglandin F2 alpha. The pervanadate-stimulated phasic contractions were significantly suppressed in response to inhibition of phospholipase C, the inositol-trisphosphate receptor, and the ryanodine receptor, thereby confirming the importance of the PI-signaling pathway during tyrosine kinase-associated myometrial activity. Further confirming the important and shared role for the PI-signaling pathway during pervanadate-stimulated myometrial contractions, no significant additive effects were observed when classic uterotonic agonists such as oxytocin or prostaglandin F2 alpha were combined with pervanadate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ascher-Landsberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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40
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Aranapakam V, Albright JD, Grosu GT, Delos Santos EG, Chan PS, Coupet J, Ru X, Saunders T, Mazandarani H. 5-fluoro-2-methyl-N-[5-(5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-10(11H)-yl carbonyl)-2-pyridinyl]benzamide (CL-385004) and analogs as orally active arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1737-40. [PMID: 10406633 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of orally active arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonists are discussed. Potent and orally active AVP receptor antagonists are produced when ring A of VPA-985 (1) is replaced with a 3-pyridinyl unit (2b).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Aranapakam
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
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41
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Aranapakam V, Albright JD, Grosu GT, Chan PS, Coupet J, Saunders T, Ru X, Mazandarani H. 4,10-dihydro-5H-thieno[3,2-c][1]benzazepine derivatives and 9,10-dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-c][1]benzazepine derivatives as orally active arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1733-6. [PMID: 10406632 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of arginine vasopressin receptor (AVP) antagonists are described. Potent and orally active compounds are prepared when tricyclic 10,11-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine moiety in VPA-985 1 is replaced with a compound 7 or 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Aranapakam
- Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a training and policy strategy to improve communication opportunities in an acute inpatient unit for patients of non-English-speaking background (NESB) with low English proficiency. METHOD A pre- and post-intervention design involved: (i) a survey of the multilingual skills of 80 clinical staff; (ii) recording of patients' ethnic background and proficiency; (iii) pre- and post-intervention data collection of the main outcome measure (communications with patients in a language other than English [LOTE]); and (iv) staff training, and active encouragement, in interpreter use. English proficiency was assessed using the population census proficiency question. RESULTS Of 257 admissions, 33% were of NESB and 19% preferred to speak a LOTE. The staff survey yielded a 49% return rate and showed that, of 11 LOTEs spoken by patients, seven were also spoken by 17 of the staff. Twenty-nine percent of staff were not clinically proficient in these languages. Compared to the NESB population, a higher proportion of NESB patients rated low on proficiency. Following the intervention, interpreter bookings and booking duration increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS A standard training package and a policy promoting interpreter use improved communication opportunities in an acute setting where language needs are typically poorly met. Failure to ensure effective communicate raises risks of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. By measuring patients' proficiency directly, the present study identified a higher level of need for interpreter services than estimated by past reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Stolk
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Abstract
Stress inoculation training is an intervention that has shown considerable promise; however, many questions arise regarding the application of this clinically based approach to more applied workplace settings. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the overall effectiveness of stress inoculation training and to identify conditions that may moderate the effectiveness of this approach. The analysis was based on a total of 37 studies with 70 separate hypothesis tests, representing the behavior of 1,837 participants. Results indicated that stress inoculation training was an effective means for reducing performance anxiety, reducing state anxiety, and enhancing performance under stress. Furthermore, the examination of moderators such as the experience of the trainer, the type of setting in which training was implemented, and the type of trainee population revealed no significant limitations on the application of stress inoculation training to applied training environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saunders
- Florida Maxima Corporation, Winter Park 32789, USA
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44
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Abstract
These studies sought to test the hypothesis that prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha)-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions are characterized by the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-signaling pathway resulting in the generation of cytosolic calcium oscillations. For the experiments described in this report rat myometrial tissue was used, after the tissue was loaded with fura 2, to perform cytosolic calcium imaging studies and to perform computer-digitalized in vitro isometric contraction studies. Consistent with the above hypothesis, the cytosolic calcium-imaging studies demonstrated PGF2alpha-stimulated cytosolic calcium oscillations occurring simultaneously with phasic contractions. The in vitro isometric contraction studies confirmed that previously reported inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-signaling pathway and cytosolic calcium oscillation mechanisms resulted in significant inhibition of PGF2alpha-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions. In summary, these studies have provided substantial support for the hypothesis that PGF2alpha-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions are generated by intracellular signaling mechanisms involving activation of the phosphatidylinositol-signaling pathway and the production of cytosolic calcium oscillation-like phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Phillippe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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45
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Harris CM, Saunders T, Baunoch DA, Phillippe M. Gq-protein alpha subunit expression and distribution in pregnant rat myometrial tissues. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1997; 4:209-17. [PMID: 9292851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple G-protein isoforms play an integral role in signal transduction; the Gq subtype of G-protein alpha subunits is involved in the activation of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway. The studies described herein evaluate the expression of Gq, along with Gs and Gi, in pregnant and nonpregnant rat myometrial tissues. METHODS Myometrium and other tissues were obtained from nonpregnant and timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. Western blot studies were performed using polyclonal G-protein isoform-specific antibodies. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using the same antibodies with specimens of myometrium, intestine, and skeletal muscle. RESULTS The Western blot studies confirmed differential expression of all types of G-protein alpha subunit subtypes in rat myometrial tissues. In pregnant rat myometrium, the expression of Gq and Gs was sustained through day 22, whereas, Gi expression decreased on day 20 and remained low through the remainder of gestation. The immunohistochemical studies revealed significant staining for Gq and Gs in the myometrial layers of the pregnant and nonpregnant rat uterus; in contrast, immunostaining for Gi was minimal in nonpregnant myometrium, and even lower in myometrium from pregnant uteri. CONCLUSIONS These studies have confirmed expression of the Gq, Gi, and Gs alpha subunits in rat myometrial tissue. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that Gq was expressed at high levels in the myometrial layer of the pregnant and nonpregnant uterus. These observations support the hypothesis that Gq expression is critically important for the transduction of hormone signals, such as those responsible for the generation of phasic myometrial contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL 60037, USA
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46
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Classic radioligand binding techniques have suggested that beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor subtype proteins are expressed in myometrial tissue; however, to date these observations have not been confirmed at the level of the messenger ribonucleic acid for these clinically important membrane receptors. The studies described in this report sought to use quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques to confirm expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors in myometrial tissue and to determine whether messenger ribonucleic acid expression for these two adrenergic receptors is modulated during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN For these studies total cellular ribonucleic acid was isolated from myometrial tissue obtained from timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats by the guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction technique; formaldehyde-agarose gels then confirmed isolation of intact ribonucleic acid. Random hexamers and reverse transcriptase were used to synthesize complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction was performed with subtype specific 20-mer sense and antisense oligonucleotide primers specific for the rat beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors. Inclusion of internal standard deoxyribonucleic acid sequences allowed quantification of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results. RESULTS By use of total cellular ribonucleic acid isolated from myometrial tissue, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction generated the expected 328 bp product for the beta 1-receptor and the expected 559 bp product for the beta 2-receptor along with internal standard deoxyribonucleic acid sequences for both. The identity of the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor polymerase chain reaction products was confirmed on the basis of restriction endonuclease digestions producing the expected deoxyribonucleic acid fragments and by Southern blots using beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor-specific complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probes. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies confirmed a gradual decline in beta 1-receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and stable expression of beta 2-receptor messenger ribonucleic acid during the second half of gestation in pregnant rat myometrial tissue. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these studies have confirmed, at the messenger ribonucleic acid level, expression of the beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes in timed-pregnant rat myometrial tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Myometrium/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- D Principe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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47
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Chien EK, Saunders T, Phillippe M. The mechanisms underlying Bay K 8644-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1996; 3:106-12. [PMID: 8796817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phasic myometrial contractions appear to be produced by calcium transients resulting from the activation of the phosphatidylinositol-signaling pathway. Bay K 8644, an L-type calcium channel activator, produces an increase in frequency and intensity of phasic myometrial contractions. These studies were performed to test the hypothesis that Bay K 8644-stimulated contractions were mediated through mechanisms involving phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activation and cytosolic calcium oscillation-like mechanisms. METHODS In vitro contraction studies and intracellular calcium imaging were performed on longitudinal strips of uterine tissue obtained from mature virgin Sprague-Dawley rats. Isometric contraction data were computer digitized, analyzed for contraction area, and normalized for cross-sectional area. Dose-response studies were performed using previously reported inhibitors of cytosolic calcium oscillation mechanisms. In addition, qualitative inositol-phosphate production studies were performed after prelabeling uterine tissue in vitro with 3H-inositol. Subsequently, the labeled inositol phosphates were separated and recovered using anion exchange chromatography. RESULTS Bay K 8644 produced periodic calcium transients or oscillations along with a dose-related increase in contractile activity and a significant increase in inositol-phosphate production. In contrast, neomycin (an inhibitor of phospholipase C), adenine (an inhibitor of calcium-induced calcium release), nifedipine (an L-type calcium channel blocker), and EGTA (a calcium chelator) significantly inhibited Bay K 8644-stimulated contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Bay K 8644, through its facilitation of increased intracellular calcium, results in the activation of the phosphatidylinsitol-signaling pathway and cytosolic calcium oscillation-like phenomena, thereby resulting in the generation of phasic myometrial contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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48
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Abstract
Stress inoculation training is an intervention that has shown considerable promise; however, many questions arise regarding the application of this clinically based approach to more applied workplace settings. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the overall effectiveness of stress inoculation training and to identify conditions that may moderate the effectiveness of this approach. The analysis was based on a total of 37 studies with 70 separate hypothesis tests, representing the behavior of 1,837 participants. Results indicated that stress inoculation training was an effective means for reducing performance anxiety, reducing state anxiety, and enhancing performance under stress. Furthermore, the examination of moderators such as the experience of the trainer, the type of setting in which training was implemented, and the type of trainee population revealed no significant limitations on the application of stress inoculation training to applied training environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saunders
- Florida Maxima Corporation, Winter Park 32789, USA
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49
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Phillippe M, Chien EM, Freij M, Saunders T. Ionomycin-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions. Am J Physiol 1995; 269:E779-85. [PMID: 7485495 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.4.e779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, facilitates the sustained entry of extracellular calcium; however, in myometrial tissue it stimulates phasic contractions. This study sought to define further this unanticipated effect of ionomycin and to begin to explore the possible mechanism(s) involved. Utilizing rat uterine strips, in vitro isometric contraction studies were performed to determine the effects of ionomycin with and without membrane-permeant inhibitors of cytosolic calcium oscillations. To determine the effects of ionomycin on phospholipase C, qualitative inositol phosphate production studies were performed. The in vitro contraction studies confirmed that ionomycin-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions were potentially dependent on stimulation of phospholipase C, calcium-induced calcium release, and additional calcium influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive membrane calcium channels. The inositol phosphate production studies confirmed that ionomycin stimulated phospholipase C in a dose-related fashion to levels comparable to oxytocin. In summary, these observations have confirmed the ability of ionomycin to generate dose-related phasic myometrial contractions through mechanisms potentially involving the phosphatidylinositol-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Phillippe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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50
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Phillippe M, Kim J, Freij M, Saunders T. Effects of 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, on agonist-stimulated phasic myometrial contractions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 207:891-6. [PMID: 7532406 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phasic myometrial contractions utilize mechanisms involving the cycling of calcium into and out of intracellular calcium stores. These studies were performed to determine the effects of 2,5-di(tert-butyl)-1,4-hydroquinone (tBHQ), an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, on in vitro isometric myometrial contractions. These studies demonstrated that low concentrations of tBHQ (eg. 10 microM) appear to inhibit intracellular calcium cycling, whereas higher concentrations also inhibit extracellular calcium influx. These combined tBHQ effects markedly suppressed myometrial contractions stimulated in response to various agonists including oxytocin, PGF2 alpha, KCl, ionomycin, and Bay K 8644.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Phillippe
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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