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Lee S, Kim C, Kim H, Ahn SG, Cho S, Park JK, Moon JY, Won H, Suh Y, Cho JR, Cho YH, Oh SJ, Lee BK, Kime JS. Perioperative risk and benefit of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery within 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention with second-generation drug-eluting stents. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antiplatelet therapy (APT) in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (NCS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still on debate due to its opposite effects which are to prevent from cardiovascular events and to cause bleeding. There is no apparent consensus on how to determine perioperative APT strategy within 1 year after PCI. Therefore, we investigated the risk and benefit of APT in NCS within 1 year after PCI.
Methods
Patients undergoing NCS after PCI with second-generation drug-eluting stents are retrospectively included from multicenter cohort of 8 medical centers in Korea. Perioperative clinical event within 30 days after NCS was recorded. Net adverse clinical event (NACE) including all cause death, major adverse cardiac event (MACE, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis) and major bleeding were evaluated. To overcome bias, propensity score covariate adjustment was performed using logistic regression analysis to generate propensity scores for patients of both APT strategies.
Results
Total 1130 patients (median age 69 years, female 30.5%) undergoing NCS within 1 year after PCI were eligible in the cohort. Study population included 55.1% patients suffered from ACS and 22.5% underwent complex PCI. NCS included 45.8% intermediate-to-high risk surgery and 10.7% urgent or emergent surgery. APT was continued during NCS in 62.7% of the patients. More patients continued DAPT (48% vs. 32%, p<0.001) among the patients who underwent NCS within 6 months after PCI than those who underwent NCS after 6 months. There were 49 NACE (4.3%), 16 MACE (1.4%) and 23 major bleeding events (2.0%), respectively. Continuing APT was associated with a lower risk of NACE (Adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27–0.89; p=0.020)) and MACE (Adjusted HR, 0.35; 95 CI, 0.12–0.96; p=0.042). Subgroup analysis showed a tendency that continuing APT might be favorable than discontinuing APT in terms of MACE in patients who were diagnosed with ACS, underwent complex PCI, or underwent NCS within 6 months after PCI.
Conclusions
About two thirds of the patients were continuing APT during NCS. Our findings may support a careful consideration of APT continuation for some of the patients who are undergoing NCS within 1 year after PCI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Yonsei University, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C Kim
- Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Kim
- NHIS Ilsan Hospital, Division of Cardiology , Goyang , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S G Ahn
- Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Division of Cardiology , Wonju , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Cho
- Dankook University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Cheonan-si , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J K Park
- NHIS Ilsan Hospital, Division of Cardiology , Goyang , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Moon
- Cha Bundang Medical Center, Department of Cardiology , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Won
- Chung-Ang University Hospital, Cardiovascular & Arrhythmia Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Suh
- Myongji Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Goyang , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J R Cho
- Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Cho
- Myongji Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Goyang , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Oh
- NHIS Ilsan Hospital, Division of Cardiology , Goyang , Korea (Republic of)
| | - B K Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Kime
- Yonsei University, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Jeong SY, Hwang KT, Oh CW, Kim JW, Sohn OJ, Kim JW, Cho YH, Park KC. Infographic: Mid-term outcomes after the surgical treatment of atypical femoral fractures : minimum three-year follow-up. Bone Joint J 2021; 103-B:1646-1647. [PMID: 34719273 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.103b11.bjj-2021-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| | - K-T Hwang
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C-W Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J-W Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - O J Sohn
- Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - J W Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-H Cho
- Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - K C Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
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Januszewski AS, Xu D, Cho YH, Benitez-Aguirre PZ, O'Neal DN, Craig ME, Donaghue KC, Jenkins AJ. Skin autofluorescence in people with type 1 diabetes and people without diabetes: An eight-decade cross-sectional study with evidence of accelerated aging and associations with complications. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14432. [PMID: 33078416 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To measure skin autofluorescence in youth (<18 y.o.) and adults (≥18 y.o.) and to assess its relationship with type 1 diabetes, chronic complications and smoking. METHODS In a cross-sectional study (n = 383) skin autofluorescence was measured in 269 people with type 1 diabetes (67 with vascular complications) and 114 people without diabetes, covering eight decades of age. Associations of skin autofluorescence with demographics and traditional risk factors were assessed. RESULTS Skin autofluorescence increased with age in people with diabetes: for those with complications it increased by a mean ± se of 0.029 ± 0.003 arbitrary units per year (r = 0.76) and, for those without complications, it increased by 0.028 ± 0.002 arbitrary units (r = 0.77). These increases were higher than for people without diabetes, whose skin autofluorescence increased by 0.022 ± 0.002 arbitrary units (r = 0.78) per year (p = 0.004). Mean ±se age-adjusted skin autofluorescence was higher in people with diabetes complications vs people without diabetes complications (1.85 ± 0.04 vs 1.66 ± 0.02 arbitrary units) and people without diabetes (1.48 ± 0.03 arbitrary units; all P < 0.0001). Age-adjusted skin autofluorescence was higher in current smokers and recent ex-smokers vs non-smokers and longer-term ex-smokers (1.86 ± 0.06 vs 1.63 ± 0.02 arbitrary units; P = 0.0005). Skin autofluorescence area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.85-0.94) for retinopathy and 0.56 (95% CI 0.47-0.65) for nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS Skin autofluorescence increases with age, but faster in people with diabetes, particularly in those with complications and in smokers, consistent with accelerated aging. Skin autofluorescence may facilitate complication screening and prediction. Longitudinal studies are merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, NSW, Australia
| | - D Xu
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Visual Geometry Group, Oxford, UK
| | - Y H Cho
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - D N O'Neal
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, NSW, Australia
| | - M E Craig
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K C Donaghue
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, NSW, Australia
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Hong D, Choi KH, Youn T, Lee SY, Bak M, M KM, Cho YH, Yang JH. P1711The association of multidisciplinary team approach with clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multidisciplinary team approach is necessary for the management of critically-ill patients. However, limited data are available on the impact of specialized extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) team on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock.
Objectives
This study aimed to identify whether specialized ECMO team is associated with improved in-hospital mortality in AMI patients underwent venoarterial ECMO.
Methods
A total of 255 AMI patients underwent venoarterial ECMO from May 2004 to July 2018 were enrolled. In January 2014, multidisciplinary ECMO team was founded at our institution. Eligible patients were classified into pre-ECMO team group (n=131) and post-ECMO team group (n=124). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.
Results
In-hospital mortality (54.2% vs. 33.9%, p=0.002) and cardiac intensive care unit mortality (45.0% vs. 25.0%, p=0.001) were significantly lower after the implantation of multidisciplinary ECMO team (pre ECMO team vs. post-ECMO team). On binary logistic regression model, the multidisciplinary ECMO team approach was associated with lower risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.19–0.67, p=0.001). Incidence of all-cause mortality (58.3% vs. 35.2%, p<0.001) and rehospitalization due to heart failure (28.2% vs. 6.4%, p=0.001) at 6-months follow-up were also significantly lower in the post-ECMO team group than in the pre-ECMO team group.
Clinical outcomes Variables Total (N=255) Pre-ECMO team (N=131) Post-ECMO team (N=124) P value In-hospital mortality 113 (44.3) 71 (54.2) 42 (33.9) 0.002 Cardiovascular death 90 (35.3) 59 (45.0) 31 (25.0) 0.001 Noncardiovascular death 23 (9.0) 12 (9.2) 11 (8.9) >0.99 Cardiac intensive care unit mortality 106 (41.6) 68 (51.9) 38 (30.6) 0.001 Successful weaning of ECMO 169 (66.3) 75 (57.3) 94 (75.8) 0.002 Data are presented as n (%). Abbreviations: ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Incidence of death, readmission for HF
Conclusions
The multidisciplinary ECMO team approach was associated with improved clinical outcomes in AMI patients complicated by cardiogenic shock. Our data support that specialized ECMO team is indispensable to improve outcomes in patients with AMI with refractory cardiogenic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hong
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K H Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - T Youn
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Y Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Bak
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - K M M
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Cho
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Yang
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Kong MG, Park HW, Choi HO, Seo HS, Suh J, Cho YH, Lee NH. P6445Stress hyperglycemia and in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Stress hyperglycemia is common in acute ill patients and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Some studies demonstrated the association of stress hyperglycemia and poor outcomes in acute MI. However, current results for the impact of stress hyperglycemia on mortality in acute MI who underwent PCI are insufficient.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the impact of stress hyperglycemia on clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI underwent primary PCI in large scale multi-center registry.
Methods
From 2007 to 2014, in 1,538 patients of the INTERSTELLAR (Incheon-Bucheon Cohort of Patients Undergoing Primary PCI for Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) cohort, 997 patients without diabetes who underwent primary PCI for STEMI were retrospectively analyzed. We defined random glucose more than 200mg/dl at admission without diabetic history or results of HbA1C more than 6.5% as stress hyperglycemia. The primary endpoint was in-hospital all-cause death and the secondary endpoint was all-cause death within 1 year after index PCI.
Results
From 997 nondiabetic cohort population, 117 patients with stress hyperglycemia and 880 patients without stress hyperglycemia were enrolled. Baseline characteristics including age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, left main disease, and multivessel disease were not significantly different between two groups. However, systolic blood pressure was lower (111.2±39.2 vs. 125.5±28.1, p<0.001) and hypoxic liver injury was frequent (31.0% vs. 20.1%, p=0.007) in stress hyperglycemia. In-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality were higher in stress hyperglycemia (13.7% vs. 2.7%, p<0.001; 15.4% vs. 3.8%, p<0.001, respectively). However, there is no significant difference in post-discharge mortality rate. Stress hyperglycemia was a significant independent predictor of in-hospital death (adjusted OR: 5.67, 95% CI: 2.40–13.39; p<0.001). Hypotension (defined less than 90mmHg) and left ventricular dysfunction (defined less than 40% of LVEF on echocardiography) were significantly associated with stress hyperglycemia (adjusted OR: 5.72, 95% CI: 3.33–9.82; p<0.001; adjusted OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.49–3.82; p<0.001, respectively).
Landmark analysis of all-cause death
Conclusions
In nondiabetic patients who underwent primary PCI for STEMI, stress hyperglycemia is significantly associated with an increased in-hospital all-cause mortality but did not increase post-discharge mortality within 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Kong
- Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H W Park
- Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H O Choi
- Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H S Seo
- Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Suh
- Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Cho
- Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - N H Lee
- Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea (Republic of)
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Muthuraman G, Ramu AG, Cho YH, McAdam EJ, Moon IS. Electrochemically generated bimetallic reductive mediator Cu 1+[Ni 2+(CN) 4] 1- for the degradation of CF 4 to ethanol by electro-scrubbing. Waste Manag Res 2018; 36:1043-1048. [PMID: 30303040 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x18804642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of electronic gas CF4 using commercially available technologies results in another kind of greenhouse gas and corrosive side products. This investigation aimed to develop CF4 removal at room temperature with formation of useful product by attempting an electrogenerated Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1- mediator. The initial electrolysis of the bimetallic complex at the anodized Ti cathode demonstrated Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1- formation, which was confirmed by additional electron spin resonance results. The degradation of CF4 followed mediated electrochemical reduction by electrogenerated Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1-. The removal efficiency of CF4 of 95% was achieved by this electroscrubbing process at room temperature. The spectral results of online and offline Fourier transform infrared analyzer, either in gas or in solution phase, demonstrated that the product formed during the removal of CF4 by electrogenerated Cu1+[Ni2+(CN)4]1- by electroscrubbing was ethanol (CH3CH2OH), with a small amount of trifluoroethane (CF3CH3) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Muthuraman
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - A G Ramu
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Cho
- 2 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - E J McAdam
- 3 Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - I S Moon
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
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Ogata K, Jeon S, Ko DS, Jung IS, Kim JH, Ito K, Kubo Y, Takei K, Saito S, Cho YH, Park H, Jang J, Kim HG, Kim JH, Kim YS, Choi W, Koh M, Uosaki K, Doo SG, Hwang Y, Han S. Evolving affinity between Coulombic reversibility and hysteretic phase transformations in nano-structured silicon-based lithium-ion batteries. Nat Commun 2018; 9:479. [PMID: 29396479 PMCID: PMC5797158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-structured silicon is an attractive alternative anode material to conventional graphite in lithium-ion batteries. However, the anode designs with higher silicon concentrations remain to be commercialized despite recent remarkable progress. One of the most critical issues is the fundamental understanding of the lithium-silicon Coulombic efficiency. Particularly, this is the key to resolve subtle yet accumulatively significant alterations of Coulombic efficiency by various paths of lithium-silicon processes over cycles. Here, we provide quantitative and qualitative insight into how the irreversible behaviors are altered by the processes under amorphous volume changes and hysteretic amorphous-crystalline phase transformations. Repeated latter transformations over cycles, typically featured as a degradation factor, can govern the reversibility behaviors, improving the irreversibility and eventually minimizing cumulative irreversible lithium consumption. This is clearly different from repeated amorphous volume changes with different lithiation depths. The mechanism behind the correlations is elucidated by electrochemical and structural probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ogata
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea.
- Samsung Research Institute of Japan, Samsung Electronics, 2-1-11, Senba-nishi, Mino-shi, Osaka-fu, 562-0036, Japan.
| | - S Jeon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea.
| | - D-S Ko
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - I S Jung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - K Ito
- C4GR-GREEN, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Y Kubo
- C4GR-GREEN, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - K Takei
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - S Saito
- Samsung Research Institute of Japan, Samsung Electronics, 2-1-11, Senba-nishi, Mino-shi, Osaka-fu, 562-0036, Japan
| | - Y-H Cho
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - H Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - J Jang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - H-G Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - W Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - M Koh
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - K Uosaki
- C4GR-GREEN, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - S G Doo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - Y Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea
| | - S Han
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro 130, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16678, Korea.
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Benitez-Aguirre PZ, Januszewski AS, Cho YH, Craig ME, Jenkins AJ, Donaghue KC. Early changes of arterial elasticity in Type 1 diabetes with microvascular complications - A cross-sectional study from childhood to adulthood. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1674-1680. [PMID: 28941950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the trajectory of small artery elasticity (SAE) and pulse pressure (PP) in people with Type 1 diabetes and non-diabetic controls across the lifespan, and explore associations with microvascular complications (CX+). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 477 Type 1 diabetes patients (188 with CX+, 289 without CX-) and 515 controls. Relationships between SAE and PP and age were evaluated using segmented linear regression. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between microvascular complications (retinopathy and/or nephropathy) and SAE and PP. RESULTS SAE peaked significantly later among controls than diabetic patients CX- vs. CX+ (21.2 vs. 20.4 vs. 17.6 years respectively, p < 0.001). In adults, mean SAE was significantly lower in CX+ vs. CX- vs. controls (6.8 vs. 7.8 vs. 8.0 ml/mm Hg × 10; p < 0.0001), and mean PP was significantly higher in CX+ vs CX- and controls (60 vs. 55 vs. 53 mm Hg; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Type 1 diabetes CX+ subjects have an earlier peak and decline in SAE relative to CX- and controls, who did not differ. Lower SAE and higher PP were associated with increased odds of Type 1 diabetes complications in adults. These clinically applicable techniques demonstrate an association between accelerated vascular aging and vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Z Benitez-Aguirre
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - A S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Y H Cho
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - M E Craig
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - A J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - K C Donaghue
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
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9
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Cho YH, Craig ME, Januszewski AS, Benitez-Aguirre P, Hing S, Jenkins AJ, Donaghue KC. Higher skin autofluorescence in young people with Type 1 diabetes and microvascular complications. Diabet Med 2017; 34:543-550. [PMID: 27770590 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To test the hypothesis that non-invasive skin autofluorescence, a measure of advanced glycation end products, would provide a surrogate measure of long-term glycaemia and be associated with early markers of microvascular complications in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Forearm skin autofluorescence (arbitrary units) was measured in a cross-sectional study of 135 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes [mean ± sd age 15.6 ± 2.1 years, diabetes duration 8.7 ± 3.5 years, HbA1c 72 ± 16 mmol/mol (8.7 ± 1.5%)]. Retinopathy, assessed using seven-field stereoscopic fundal photography, was defined as ≥1 microaneurysm or haemorrhage. Cardiac autonomic function was measured by standard deviation of consecutive RR intervals on a 10-min continuous electrocardiogram recording, as a measure of heart rate variability. RESULTS Skin autofluorescence was significantly associated with age (R2 = 0.15; P < 0.001). Age- and gender-adjusted skin autofluorescence was associated with concurrent HbA1c (R2 = 0.32; P < 0.001) and HbA1c over the previous 2.5-10 years (R2 = 0.34-0.43; P < 0.002). Age- and gender-adjusted mean skin autofluorescence was higher in adolescents with retinopathy vs those without retinopathy [mean 1.38 (95% CI 1.29, 1.48) vs 1.22 (95% CI 1.17, 1.26) arbitrary units; P = 0.002]. In multivariable analysis, retinopathy was significantly associated with skin autofluorescence, adjusted for duration (R2 = 0.19; P = 0.03). Cardiac autonomic dysfunction was also independently associated with skin autofluorescence (R2 = 0.11; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Higher skin autofluorescence is associated with retinopathy and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. The relationship between skin autofluorescence and previous glycaemia may provide insight into metabolic memory. Longitudinal studies will determine the utility of skin autofluorescence as a non-invasive screening tool to predict future microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cho
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - M E Craig
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A S Januszewski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - P Benitez-Aguirre
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - S Hing
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - A J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - K C Donaghue
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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Montrose L, Ward TJ, Semmens EO, Cho YH, Brown B, Noonan CW. Dietary intake is associated with respiratory health outcomes and DNA methylation in children with asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017; 13:12. [PMID: 28261276 PMCID: PMC5327515 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-017-0187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an increasingly common chronic disease among children, and data point toward a complex mechanism involving genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA hypo- or hyper-methylation have been shown to occur in response to environmental exposures including dietary nutrients. METHODS Within the context of the asthma randomized trial of indoor wood smoke (ARTIS) study, we investigated relationships between diet, asthma health measures, and DNA methylation. Asthma health measures included a quality of life instrument, diurnal peak flow variability (dPFV) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). Dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Methylation levels of LINE-1 repetitive element and two promoter CpG sites for interferon gamma (IFNγ, -186 and -54) from buccal cell DNA were measured using pyrosequencing assays. RESULTS Data were collected on 32 children with asthma living in western Montana who were recruited to the ARTIS study. Selenium and several methyl donor dietary nutrients were positively associated with the asthma quality of life measure. Intake of methyl donating nutrients including folate was positively associated LINE-1 methylation and negatively associated with IFNγ CpG-186. Higher levels of LINE-1 methylation were associated with greater dPFV. CONCLUSION We identified several nutrients that were associated with improved quality of life measures among children with asthma. The IFNγ promoter CpG site -186 but not -54 was associated with the intake of selected dietary nutrients. However, in this small population of children with asthma, the IFNγ promoter CpG sites were not associated with respiratory health measures so it remains unclear through which epigenetic mechanism these nutrients are impacting the quality of life measure. These findings add to the evidence that dietary nutrients, particularly foods containing methyl donors, may be important for epigenetic regulation as it pertains to the control of asthma. Trial registration ClincialTrials.gov NCT00807183. Registered 10 December 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Montrose
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - T J Ward
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive-159 Skaggs, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - E O Semmens
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive-159 Skaggs, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - Y H Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive-159 Skaggs, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - B Brown
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
| | - C W Noonan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive-159 Skaggs, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
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11
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Stern K, Cho YH, Benitez-Aguirre P, Jenkins AJ, McGill M, Mitchell P, Keech AC, Donaghue KC. QT interval, corrected for heart rate, is associated with HbA1c concentration and autonomic function in diabetes. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1415-21. [PMID: 26823095 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine QT intervals corrected for heart rate (QTc) in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects, and to determine associations with metabolic control and autonomic function. METHODS Resting electrocardiogram recordings of 142 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes [mean (sd) age 15.3 (2.0) years, diabetes duration 9.0 (3.5) years, HbA1c 71 (17) mmol/mol or 8.7 (1.6)%] and 125 control subjects [mean (sd) age 15.7 (2.5) years] were used to calculate QTc duration and derive mean heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) values. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between QTc, metabolic control and autonomic function (HRV and pupillary function). RESULTS QTc duration was not significantly different between subjects with Type 1 diabetes and control subjects (mean duration 392 vs 391 ms; P = 0.65). In the Type 1 diabetes group, QTc was positively associated with HbA1c [β = 4 (95% CI 2, 6); P < 0.001] and inversely associated with severe hypoglycaemic events [β = -10 (95% CI -20,-2); P = 0.01], less insulin/kg [β = -12 (95% CI -22, -2); P = 0.024] and less HRV. In the Type 1 diabetes group, QTc in the highest quintile (≥409 ms) vs quintiles 1-4 had more pupillary abnormalities (83 vs 56%; P = 0.03), lower pupillary maximum constriction velocity (4.8 vs 5.3 mm/s; P = 0.04), higher heart rate (78 vs 72 beats per min; P = 0.02) and lower HRV (standard deviation of mean NN intervals 4.0 vs 4.3 ms, P = 0.004 and root-mean-square difference of successive NN intervals 3.7 vs 4.1 ms; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Although there are concerns about hypoglycaemia in general in people with Type 1 diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia, rather than intermittent hypoglycaemia, appears to be more deleterious to autonomic cardiac function, even in adolescence. Longer QTc was associated with higher HbA1c concentration, lower risk of hypoglycaemia and autonomic dysfunction. Longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stern
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Y H Cho
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P Benitez-Aguirre
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A J Jenkins
- National Health and Medical Research Council, Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - M McGill
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - P Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A C Keech
- National Health and Medical Research Council, Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - K C Donaghue
- Children's Hospital at Westmead, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sydney, Australia.
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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12
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Yim JH, Jeong KH, Kim JY, Cho YH, Bae SJ, Shin MK. Pilot study on the correlation between skin auto-fluorescence and serum antioxidant enzyme: skin auto-fluorescence is negatively associated with levels of malondialdehyde. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:149-154. [PMID: 27511708 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Various methods have been used to objectively record skin changes. However, estimating the intrinsic and extrinsic aging of skin remains a challenge. Our objective was to study intrinsic skin aging with respect to patient age and extrinsic photo-aging of human dorsal (photo-exposed) and volar (photo-protected) forearm in vivo through skin auto-fluorescence (AF). We also examined the correlations between serum antioxidant enzyme, malondialdehyde(MDA), and skin AF. METHODS 37 healthy volunteers were enrolled. We measured skin AF and its heterogeneity on the dorsal and volar forearms. We also examined serum concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase, vitamin E, and MDA levels in every participant. RESULTS In photo-protected areas, skin AF intensity in the 40 years or older group was significantly higher compared to the group less than 40 years-old. On the other hand, heterogeneity value was significantly higher in the less than 40 years-old group in photo-protected area. With respect to serum antioxidant enzyme and MDA level, only MDA level showed a negative correlation with skin AF intensity in photo-exposed area. CONCLUSION We determined that skin AF intensity of the photo-protected area reflects intrinsic skin aging. In addition, degree of photo-aging could be indirectly inferred by skin AF of photo-exposed area and serum MDA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Cho
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Bae
- Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan, Korea
| | - M K Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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White AJ, Chen J, McCullough LE, Xu X, Cho YH, Conway K, Beyea J, Stellman SD, Steck SE, Mordukhovich I, Eng SM, Terry MB, Engel LS, Hatch M, Neugut AI, Hibshoosh H, Santella RM, Gammon MD. Abstract P1-08-04: Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with gene-specific promoter methylation in women with breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p1-08-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tobacco smoke, diet, and indoor and outdoor air pollution, all major sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been associated with breast cancer incidence. Aberrant methylation may be an early event in carcinogenesis, but whether PAHs influence the epigenome is unclear. Few studies have evaluated whether PAHs are associated with methylation, particularly in breast tumors where methylation changes are particularly relevant. In a population-based case-control study, we measured promoter methylation of 13 breast cancer-related genes in breast tumor tissue (n=765-851 cases) and global methylation in peripheral blood (1,055 cases/1,101 controls). PAH sources (current active smoking, residential environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), vehicular traffic, synthetic log burning, and grilled/smoked meat intake) were evaluated separately. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When comparing methylated versus unmethylated genes, synthetic log use was associated with increased ORs for CDH1 (OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.07-4.83), HIN1 (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.32-3.38) and RARβ methylation (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.18-2.83) and decreased ORs for BRCA1 methylation (OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.30-0.65). Residential ETS was associated with decreased ORs for ESR1 (OR=0.74, 95%CI=0.56-0.99) and CCND2 methylation (OR=0.65, 95%CI=0.44-0.96). Current smoking and vehicular traffic were associated with decreased ORs for DAPK (OR=0.53, 95%CI=0.28-0.99) and increased ORs for TWIST1 methylation (OR=2.79, 95%CI=1.24-6.30), respectively. In controls, synthetic log use was inversely associated with LINE-1 methylation (OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.42-0.87). PAH sources were associated with hypo- and hypermethylation at multiple promoter regions in breast tumors and LINE-1 hypomethylation in blood of controls. Methylation may be a potential biologic mechanism for the association between PAHs and breast cancer incidence.
Citation Format: White AJ, Chen J, McCullough LE, Xu X, Cho YH, Conway K, Beyea J, Stellman SD, Steck SE, Mordukhovich I, Eng SM, Terry MB, Engel LS, Hatch M, Neugut AI, Hibshoosh H, Santella RM, Gammon MD. Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with gene-specific promoter methylation in women with breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- AJ White
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - J Chen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - LE McCullough
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - X Xu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - YH Cho
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - K Conway
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - J Beyea
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - SD Stellman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - SE Steck
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - I Mordukhovich
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - SM Eng
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - MB Terry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - LS Engel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - M Hatch
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - AI Neugut
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - H Hibshoosh
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - RM Santella
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
| | - MD Gammon
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai; Roche Product Development in Asia-Pacific; University of Montana; Consulting in the Public Interest; Columbia University; University of South Carolina; National Cancer Institute
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Jeon TY, Lee SY, Kim HH, Cho YH, Cho AR. Short-term effect of gastric resection on circulating levels of ghrelin, peptide YY3-36 and obestatin in patients with early gastric cancer. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:297-302. [PMID: 25719735 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The short-term responses of gut hormones and the compensative interaction during a one-week period after subtotal gastrectomy in early gastric cancer (EGC) patients were assessed. Previous studies have reported gut hormonal changes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Blood samples were collected from 40 patients with EGC preoperatively, at 1 h after gastric resection, and on postoperative day (POD) 1, 3, and 7. Levels of active ghrelin, total ghrelin, obestatin, and PYY3-36 were measured. Total ghrelin level rapidly reached a nadir of 69.1%, while active ghrelin level had increased to 135.5% at 1 h after resection. Then, both returned to preoperative level. On the contrary, active/total ghrelin reached its nadir quickly at 1 h after resection and had returned to the preoperative level by POD 3. The nadir PYY3-36 level was 71.4% on POD 1, followed by a gradual recovery, and had increased to 116.5% by POD 7. The same pattern was observed for obestatin. Active ghrelin/obestatin showed an increase on POD 1 while total ghrelin/obestatin showed a decrease on POD 3. Then, both returned to preoperative level. These results suggest that a rapid interactive compensatory mechanism of gut hormones does exist in the remnant gastrointestinal tract after abrupt changes in the production reservoir in nonobese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Jeon
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Medical Education Unit and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - H H Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Y H Cho
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - A R Cho
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
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15
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Kim SJ, Lee HW, Baek JH, Cho YH, Kang HG, Jeong JS, Song J, Park HS, Chun KH. Activation of nuclear PTEN by inhibition of Notch signaling induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:251-60. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kozusko K, Tsang V, Bottomley W, Cho YH, Gandotra S, Mimmack ML, Lim K, Isaac I, Patel S, Saudek V, O'Rahilly S, Srinivasan S, Greenfield JR, Barroso I, Campbell LV, Savage DB. Clinical and molecular characterization of a novel PLIN1 frameshift mutation identified in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy. Diabetes 2015; 64:299-310. [PMID: 25114292 PMCID: PMC4361744 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perilipin 1 is a lipid droplet coat protein predominantly expressed in adipocytes, where it inhibits basal and facilitates stimulated lipolysis. Loss-of-function mutations in the PLIN1 gene were recently reported in patients with a novel subtype of familial partial lipodystrophy, designated as FPLD4. We now report the identification and characterization of a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation affecting the carboxy-terminus (439fs) of perilipin 1 in two unrelated families. The mutation cosegregated with a similar phenotype including partial lipodystrophy, severe insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, extreme hypertriglyceridemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in both families. Poor metabolic control despite maximal medical therapy prompted two patients to undergo bariatric surgery, with remarkably beneficial consequences. Functional studies indicated that expression levels of the mutant protein were lower than wild-type protein, and in stably transfected preadipocytes the mutant protein was associated with smaller lipid droplets. Interestingly, unlike the previously reported 398 and 404 frameshift mutants, this variant binds and stabilizes ABHD5 expression but still fails to inhibit basal lipolysis as effectively as wild-type perilipin 1. Collectively, these findings highlight the physiological need for exquisite regulation of neutral lipid storage within adipocyte lipid droplets, as well as the possible metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery in this serious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kozusko
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Vhm Tsang
- CSIR-IGIB, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - W Bottomley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Y H Cho
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - S Gandotra
- CSIR-IGIB, Sukhdev Vihar, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - M L Mimmack
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - K Lim
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - I Isaac
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Satish Patel
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - V Saudek
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - S O'Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - S Srinivasan
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
| | - J R Greenfield
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Diabetes Centre and Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - I Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - L V Campbell
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Diabetes Centre and Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - D B Savage
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, UK
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Kim DM, Cho YH, Jeong H, Baek HJ, Yi GC, Jho YD. Stimulated emission features of bound excitons in ZnO nanotubes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:5293-5296. [PMID: 24758019 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the detailed features of photoluminescence (PL) in vertically aligned ZnO nanotube (NT) arrays as a function of temperature, pumping power, and experimental geometries. In samples with different wall thickness (15 or 60 nm), the temperature-dependent PL energy followed the Varshni's formula whose fitting parameters were found to be rather close to zero-dimensional case in the 15 nm-thick NTs with much larger intensity. In reflective geometry with circular excitation beam shape, the emission gradually evolved from spontaneous to stimulated regime, inferred from amplitude and line-width variation. On the other hand, in the edge-emission geometry with needle-like excitation shape, the interaction length dependence was directly traced by using an adjustable slit.
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Lee BY, Kim SY, Park JY, Choi EY, Kim DJ, Kim JW, Ryu HM, Cho YH, Park SY, Seo JT. Unusual maternal uniparental isodisomic x chromosome mosaicism with asymmetric y chromosomal rearrangement. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014; 142:79-86. [PMID: 24434812 DOI: 10.1159/000357315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertile men with azoospermia commonly have associated microdeletions in the azoospermia factor (AZF) region of the Y chromosome, sex chromosome mosaicism, or sex chromosome rearrangements. In this study, we describe an unusual 46,XX and 45,X mosaicism with a rare Y chromosome rearrangement in a phenotypically normal male patient. The patient's karyotype was 46,XX[50]/45,X[25]/46,X,der(Y)(pter→q11.222::p11.2→pter)[25]. The derivative Y chromosome had a deletion at Yq11.222 and was duplicated at Yp11.2. Two copies of the SRY gene were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, and complete deletion of the AZFb and AZFc regions was shown by multiplex-PCR for microdeletion analysis. Both X chromosomes of the predominant mosaic cell line (46,XX) were isodisomic and derived from the maternal gamete, as determined by examination of short tandem repeat markers. We postulate that the derivative Y chromosome might have been generated during paternal meiosis or early embryogenesis. Also, we suggest that the very rare mosaicism of isodisomic X chromosomes might be formed during maternal meiosis II or during postzygotic division derived from the 46,X,der(Y)/ 45,X lineage because of the instability of the derivative Y chromosome. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmatory study to verify the origin of a sex chromosome mosaicism with a Y chromosome rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Lee
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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You S, Cho YH, Byun JS, Shin EC. Melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells are associated with epidermal depigmentation in a novel mouse model of vitiligo. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:38-44. [PMID: 23711243 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we established a novel murine model of vitiligo by sequential prime/boost immunizations into the hind footpad and tail dermis with tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2)-180 (SVYDFFVWL) peptide, lipopolysaccharides and cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides. Immunized mice developed epidermal depigmentation in the tail skin without hair depigmentation, thereby differentiating this approach from established models of vitiligo. Following intradermal tail immunization, activated CD8(+) interferon (IFN)-γ(+) T cells were recruited locally to the tail skin. In-vivo cytotoxicity assays demonstrated specific lysis of TRP2-180-presenting cells in immunized mice. Furthermore, the extent of skin depigmentation correlated with the frequency of TRP2-180-specific splenic CD8(+) T cells, as determined by IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production, and cytotoxic degranulation evidenced by CD107a staining. These findings suggest a correlation between the presence of TRP2-180-specific CD8(+) effector T cells and the development of depigmented skin lesions in our vitiligo model. This new model of vitiligo, characterized by skin depigmentation without hair depigmentation, is more similar to human disease than previous murine models. Therefore, this model is well suited to future studies on the pathogenesis of vitiligo and the development of novel therapeutics for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S You
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Doh I, Lee WC, Cho YH, Pisano AP, Kuypers FA. Deformation measurement of individual cells in large populations using a single-cell microchamber array chip. Appl Phys Lett 2012; 100:173702-1737023. [PMID: 22586355 PMCID: PMC3350534 DOI: 10.1063/1.4704923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the deformability of individual red blood cells (RBCs) using SiCMA technology. Our approach is adequate to quickly measure large numbers of individual cells in heterogeneous populations. Individual cells are trapped in a large-scale array of micro-wells, and dielectrophoretic (DEP) force is applied to deform the cells. The simple structures of micro-wells and DEP electrodes facilitate the analysis of thousands of RBCs in parallel. This unique method allows the correlation of red cell deformation with cell surface and cytosolic characteristics to define the distribution of individual cellular characteristics in heterogeneous populations.
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Jayasooriya RGTP, Kang CH, Cho YH, Ko WS, Choi IW, Kim GY. Aqueous Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa Suppresses LPS-Induced iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells via the NF-κB Activity. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kwon YH, Kim D, Li CG, Lee JK, Hong DS, Lee JG, Lee SH, Cho YH, Kim SH. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of nanofluids in a plate heat exchanger. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:5769-5774. [PMID: 22121605 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of the ZnO and Al2O3 nanofluids in a plate heat exchanger were studied. The experimental conditions were 100-500 Reynolds number and the respective volumetric flow rates. The working temperature of the heat exchanger was within 20-40 degrees C. The measured thermophysical properties, such as thermal conductivity and kinematic viscosity, were applied to the calculation of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the plate heat exchanger employing the ZnO and Al2O3 nanofluids made through a two-step method. According to the Reynolds number, the overall heat transfer coefficient for 6 vol% Al2O3 increased to 30% because at the given viscosity and density of the nanofluids, they did not have the same flow rates. At a given volumetric flow rate, however, the performance did not improve. After the nanofluids were placed in the plate heat exchanger, the experimental results pertaining to nanofluid efficiency seemed inauspicious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy is a strong candidate for the treatment of incurable cancers especially malignant melanoma. Nevertheless, the proper guideline of DC immunotherapy does not exist. The absence of the guideline is also an obstacle to clinical trials of DC immunotherapy. So we conducted this study in order to develop an effective DC preparation method for immunotherapy in mouse malignant melanoma. Mouse bone marrow-derived DC were stimulated with tumour antigen alone or tumour antigen plus a cocktail (anti-CD40 antibody +TNF-alpha+ IL-1beta) for 8, 24 or 48 h and the characteristics of these DC, such as surface molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC class II, CCR7), cytokines(IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-10), DC-induced T cell proliferation in vitro, and the production of IFN-gamma by those cells, were evaluated. Mice with melanoma were then treated with DC stimulated with tumour antigen alone and tumour antigen plus cocktail for 8 or 48 h. The tumour size and survival rate of these mice were then evaluated. (1) Beneficial clinical effects such as a reduction of tumour size and an increased survival rate were best observed in the group treated with DC stimulated for 8 h with tumour antigen plus cocktail. (2) The single prominent characteristic of DC stimulated for 8 h with tumour antigen plus cocktail was an elevated IL-12 secretion. The cytokine IL-12 was not secreted by other DC. Consequently, proper production of IL-12 was found to be an important requirement for DC used in immunotherapy of mouse melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-H Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
A cosurfactant-free O/W microemulsion composed of oil, a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfactants, and water has been developed using food-grade components as a nutrient delivery system. We started our investigation to monitor the phase behavior of this system based on a hydrophilic surfactant (Tween 80). From a phase diagram, the weight ratio of 5.4:33.8:60.8 = oil:surfactant:water was selected as a combination ratio for the O/W microemulsion system. We also investigated the combination effect of different hydrophobic surfactants to Tween 80 on microemulsion formation. Use of hydrophobic surfactants with Tween 80 produced smaller droplets than Tween 80 alone. Rheological studies showed that all microemulsions followed shear-thinning behavior. The turbidity of microemulsions did not change after accelerated stability tests, indicating that this microemulsion system was stable under the given harsh conditions. When docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oil was applied to this microemulsion system, the particle size and the turbidity were not significantly changed. Dilution with a different aqueous medium, either water or acidic fluid, did not significantly change the microemulsion turbidity. DHA oil incorporated in microemulsion showed higher oxidation stability than free DHA oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
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Abstract
A cosurfactant-free O/W microemulsion composed of oil, a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfactants, and water has been developed using food-grade components as a nutrient delivery system. We started our investigation to monitor the phase behavior of this system based on a hydrophilic surfactant (Tween 80). From a phase diagram, the weight ratio of 5.4:33.8:60.8 = oil:surfactant:water was selected as a combination ratio for the O/W microemulsion system. We also investigated the combination effect of different hydrophobic surfactants to Tween 80 on microemulsion formation. Use of hydrophobic surfactants with Tween 80 produced smaller droplets than Tween 80 alone. Rheological studies showed that all microemulsions followed shear-thinning behavior. The turbidity of microemulsions did not change after accelerated stability tests, indicating that this microemulsion system was stable under the given harsh conditions. When docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oil was applied to this microemulsion system, the particle size and the turbidity were not significantly changed. Dilution with a different aqueous medium, either water or acidic fluid, did not significantly change the microemulsion turbidity. DHA oil incorporated in microemulsion showed higher oxidation stability than free DHA oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
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Han CH, Kim SH, Kang SH, Shin OR, Lee HK, Kim HJ, Cho YH. Protective effects of cranberries on infection-induced oxidative renal damage in a rabbit model of vesico-ureteric reflux. Int Braz J Urol 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382007000600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cho YH, Lee SW, Kim BJ, Fujii T. Fabrication of silicon dioxide submicron channels without nanolithography for single biomolecule detection. Nanotechnology 2007; 18:465303. [PMID: 21730474 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/18/46/465303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We successfully fabricated nanochannel arrays with silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) surfaces for single biomolecule detection. The SiO(2) nanochannel fabrication is based on the combination of anisotropic etching by potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) and plasma etching of silicon. This fabrication technique is easily controllable and is a simple and practical solution for low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of nanofluidic channels. Thus, this technique enables the generation of nanochannels with various nanoscale dimensions without using nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cho
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Han SU, Kwak TH, Her KH, Cho YH, Choi C, Lee HJ, Hong S, Park YS, Kim YS, Kim TA, Kim SJ. CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 are major target genes for Smad3-mediated TGF-β signaling. Oncogene 2007; 27:675-83. [PMID: 17653079 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEAs) family consists of a large group of evolutionarily and structurally divergent glycoproteins. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway has been implicated in the stimulation of CEA secretion in TGF-beta-sensitive colon cells, thereby possibly modulating cell adhesion and differentiation. However, the specific CEAs targeted by TGF-beta signaling or underlying mechanism of the expression of CEAs has not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the specific CEAs targeted by the TGF-beta signaling pathway. In nine human gastric cancer cell lines examined, TGF-beta-responsive cell lines showed positive expression of CEAs. Expression patterns of CEA proteins correlated well with the level of CEA (CEACAM5) and CEACAM6 transcripts in these cell lines, but CEACAM1 expression was not observed in all of these cells. To investigate the role of TGF-beta signaling in CEA expression, we selected two TGF-beta unresponsive gastric cancer cell lines; SNU638 cells that contain a mutation in the TGF-beta type II receptor and SNU484 cells that express low to undetectable level of the TGF-beta pathway intermediate protein, Smad3. Restoration of TGF-beta signaling in these cells induced expression of the CEAs and increased activity of both CEA (CEACAM5) and CEACAM6 promoters. CEA expression was observed in the epithelium of the stomach of wild-type mice, but was markedly decreased in Smad3 null mice. These findings suggest that CEA (CEACAM5) and CEACAM6 are major target genes for Smad3-mediated TGF-beta signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-U Han
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Cho YH, Lee SJ, Lee HJ, Hann SK, Lee MG, Park YK. The possibility of misdiagnosis of generalized vitiligo as pigmentary disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:1364-6. [PMID: 17062080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Cho YH, Kim JH, Sim GS, Lee BC, Pyo HB, Park HD. Inhibitory effects of antioxidant constituents from Melothria heterophylla on matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. J Cosmet Sci 2006; 57:279-89. [PMID: 16957808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to play an important role in photoaging by mediating the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. To develop a new anti-aging agent for cosmetics from natural products, Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn. was selected for its antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on expression of MMP-1 in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Two compounds (compounds 1 and 2 ) were isolated from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the ethanolic extracts; they were identified as 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-(D)-glucopyranose (1) and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2). These compounds were found to scavenge radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and were measured to have SC50 values of 3.9 microM and 13.3 microM against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and values of 4.3 microM and 4.0 microM against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression and activity of MMP-1 in UVA-induced human skin fibroblasts, but no inhibition of MMP-1 mRNA expression. Therefore, we concluded that compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression at the protein level. Also, these compounds were determined to have a potent antioxidant activity. From these results, we suggest that these compounds might be useful as a new anti-aging agent for photodamaged skin, but the in vitro findings must be verified in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cho
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Corporation, Umsung-Kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
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Suh HJ, Chung MS, Cho YH, Kim JW, Kim DH, Han KW, Kim CJ. Estimated daily intakes of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidants in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 22:1176-88. [PMID: 16356880 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500195288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to establish the estimated daily intake (EDI) of antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) in Korea. The EDIs were obtained from two sources. One of the estimations was based on the analytical determination of BHA, BHT and TBHQ in 12 food categories (ten food categories for TBHQ) and on individual dietary intake data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey in 1998 (n=11 525, age > 1 year). The other EDIs of BHA, BHT and TBHQ were based on the maximum permitted levels specified in national food standards in Korea and on individual dietary intake data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Survey in 1998 (n=11 525, age > 1 year). To establish the EDIs based on the analytical determination and on individual dietary intake data, 133 food samples in 12 food categories were selected from the foods considered to be representative sources of BHA, BHT and TBHQ in the Korean diet. Selected samples were analysed by GC with FID. BHA was not detected in any of the samples analysed. BHT and TBHQ were detected in the samples, but the levels were significantly lower than their maximum limits. The EDIs1 of BHT, and TBHQ for average consumers were 0.0156(-3), and 0.0012(-3) mg kg(-1) body weight bw day(-1) and as a proportion of the ADI were 0.0052 and 0.0002%, respectively. For 95th percentile consumers, the EDIs of BHT and TBHQ were 0.0080 and 0.0006 mg kg(-1) bw day(-1), and as a proportion of the ADI were 2.67 and 0.09%, respectively. EDIs for BHA, BHT and TBHQ based on the maximum permitted levels and on individual dietary intake data were 0.04, 0.04 and 0.04 mg kg(-1) bw day(-1), respectively. The EDIs of BHA, BHT and TBHQ for average consumers ranged from 6.00 to 14.42% of the ADI of each antioxidant. According to these results, the EDIs of BHA, BHT and TBHQ in Korea were significantly lower than ADI of these antioxidants established by the JECFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Suh
- Korea Health Industry Development Institute, 57-1 Noryangjin-Dong, Seoul 156-800, Korea
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Kim SW, Sohn DW, Cho YH, Yang WS, Lee KU, Juh R, Ahn KJ, Chung YA, Han SI, Lee KH, Lee CU, Chae JH. Brain activation by visual erotic stimuli in healthy middle aged males. Int J Impot Res 2006; 18:452-7. [PMID: 16467858 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to identify brain centers, whose activity changes are related to erotic visual stimuli in healthy, heterosexual, middle aged males. Ten heterosexual, right-handed males with normal sexual function were entered into the present study (mean age 52 years, range 46-55). All potential subjects were screened over 1 h interview, and were encouraged to fill out questionnaires including the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory. All subjects with a history of sexual arousal disorder or erectile dysfunction were excluded. We performed functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in male volunteers when an alternatively combined erotic and nonerotic film was played for 14 min and 9 s. The major areas of activation associated with sexual arousal to visual stimuli were occipitotemporal area, anterior cingulate gyrus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nucleus. However, hypothalamus and thalamus were not activated. We suggest that the nonactivation of hypothalamus and thalamus in middle aged males may be responsible for the lesser physiological arousal in response to the erotic visual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
In this study, we report the amelioration of parkinsonian symptoms in rat Parkinson's disease (PD) models, as a result of the expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65 with a modified cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The transfer of the gene for gamma-amino butryic acid (GAD), the rate-limiting enzyme in gama-amino butrylic acid (GABA) production, has been investigated as a means to increase inhibitory synaptic activity. Electrophysiological evidence suggests that the transfer of the GAD65 gene to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) can change the excitatory output of this nucleus to inhibitory output. Our in vitro results also demonstrated higher GAD65 expression in cells transfected with the JDK promoter, as compared to cells transfected with the CMV promoter. Also, a rat PD model in which recombinant adeno-associated virus-2 (rAAV2)-JDK-GAD65 was delivered into the STN exhibited significant behavioral improvements, as compared to the saline-injected group. Interestingly, we observed that these behavioral improvements were more obvious in rat PD models in which rAAV2-JDK-GAD65 was injected into the STN than in rat PD models in which rAAV2-CMV-GAD65 was injected into the STN. Moreover, according to electrophysiological data, the rAAV2-JDK-GAD65-injected group exhibited more constant improvements in firing rates than did the rAAV2-CMV-GAD65-injected group. These data indicate that the JDK promoter, when coupled with GAD65 expression, is more effective with regard to parkinsonian symptoms than is the CMV promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science & Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cho YH, Kim JH, Park SM, Lee BC, Pyo HB, Park HD. New cosmetic agents for skin whitening from Angelica dahurica. J Cosmet Sci 2006; 57:11-21. [PMID: 16676120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To develop a new whitening agent for cosmetics from natural products, Angelica dahurica was selected for its inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. From the mechanism study, it was clarified that the ethanolic extracts of this plant showed the suppression of tyrosinase synthesis but no inhibition of tyrosinase activity. In order to find the active constituents from this plant, the ethanol extracts were chromatographed repeatedly with silica gel. Two coumarin compounds were isolated from A. dahurica. Their structures were identified by physicochemical and spectral data such as UV, IR, NMR, and MS. It was shown that the active substance was isoimperatorin (10-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1] benzopyran-7-one) and imperatorin (9-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1] benzopyran-7-one). They significantly inhibited tyrosinase synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. To elucidate the action mechanism of the active compounds of A. dahurica, we investigated the changes in the mRNA level of tyrosinase using the RT-PCR technique. As a result, the mRNA level of tyrosinase was markedly reduced by active compounds of A. dahurica. From these results, we suggest that these extracts might be useful as a new whitening agent in cosmetics, but the in vitro findings must be verified in in vivo skin-lightening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cho
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetic Corporation, 72-7 Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
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Cho YH, Kim HS, Lee KH, Lee YE, Chang JW. The behavioral effect of human mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in cold brain injured rats. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 99:125-32. [PMID: 17370778 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-35205-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of stereotaxically transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on behavioral change after traumatic cold brain injury in adult rats. Cortical lesions (n= 20) were induced by touching a metal stamp, cooled with liquid nitrogen, to the dura over the forelimb motor cortex of adult rats. The procedure produced a localized lesion, and the animals showed significant motor deficits. hMSCs were freshly isolated from human iliac bone and cultured in tissue culture flasks with 10 ml Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. The animals received hMSC grafts (3 x 10(5) hMSCs) 6 days after cold lesion (n = 10). All rats were sacrificed 3 or 7 weeks after cold injury, and immunohistochemical staining was performed on brain sections to identify donor hMSCs. Neurological evaluations were performed with the forepaw adjusting step test and modified neurological scoring. Treatment with 3 x 10(5) hMSCs improved the rat's neurological functions. We also found that the transplanted cells successfully migrated into the injured brain, preferentially localized around the injury site, and expressed the neuronal and astrocyte marker. These data suggest that hMSCs may be a potential therapeutic tool for brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cho
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science & Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chung MS, Suh HJ, Yoo W, Choi SH, Cho YJ, Cho YH, Kim CJ. Daily intake assessment of saccharin, stevioside, D-sorbitol and aspartame from various processed foods in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 22:1087-97. [PMID: 16332631 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500202092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to estimate the daily intakes (EDIs) of artificial sweeteners such as saccharin, stevioside, D-sorbitol and aspartame in order to evaluate the safety of the artificial sweeteners in Korea. A total of 274 food samples were selected from the foods considered to be representative sources of artificial sweeteners in the Korean diet and analysed by using HPLC with evaporative light scattering and ultraviolet detectors. In case of aspartame, the reference values were used without instrumental analysis. The EDIs of saccharin, stevioside, D-sorbitol and aspartame for average consumers were 0.028, 0.008, 4.9 and 0.14 mg kg-1 body weight day-1, respectively, and as a proportion of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) were not higher than 1% of ADI of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). For 90th percentile consumers, the EDIs of saccharin, stevioside, D-sorbitol and aspartame were 2.0, 0.20, 141 and 4.6 mg kg-1 body weight day-1, respectively, and as a proportion of the ADI, the EDIs of saccharin and aspartame were 40.7% and 11.4% of the ADI set by the JECFA, respectively. Because JECFA did not assign ADIs for stevioside and D-sorbitol, the values for these sweeteners were not compared. According to these results, the EDIs of artificial sweeteners such as saccharin and aspartame in Korea are significantly lower than ADI set by the JECFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Chung
- Korea Health Industry Development Institute, 57-1 Noryangjin-Dong, Dongjak-Ku, Seoul, Korea 156-800
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Chung KH, Lee W, Cho YH, Choi GS, Lee CW. Comparison of synchronous and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy applied to the Eu(III)-fulvate complexation. Talanta 2005; 65:389-95. [PMID: 18969811 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2004] [Revised: 06/07/2004] [Accepted: 06/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The complexation of europium ion (Eu(III)) with a soil fulvic acid (FA) has been studied at pH 5 in 0.01M NaClO(4) by different experimental methods, i.e. synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SyFS) and time resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). A series of SyFS quenching spectra was obtained by increasing the Eu(III) concentration and keeping the FA concentration constant. The emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of the Eu(III) bound to the FA were also measured by a TRLFS system using the same solution used in the SyFS spectral measurement. From the analysis of the fluorescence data obtained by the SyFS and the TRLFS using a non-linear least-squares method, the concentration of the binding sites (C(L)) of the FA accessible for the Eu(III) and the corresponding conditional stability constants (logK) were estimated. The two different methods gave rise to constants being comparable with one another. The logK and C(L) values (mean +/- standard deviation of three determinations) determined by the SyFS were 6.4 +/- 0.2 (6.7 +/- 0.1mumolL(-1): by the TRLFS) and 10 +/- 1mumolL(-1) (7 +/- 1mumolL(-1): by the TRLFS), respectively. The applicability of the FA fluorescence quenching techniques for estimating the europium binding parameters was proved by the direct monitoring of the Eu(III) bound to the FA using the TRLFS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chung
- Nuclear Environment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Dukjin-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
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Cho YH, Park SG, Kim SH, Park JS, Lee MG. Cutaneous metastatic malignant mixed mullerian tumour mimicking cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: a case report. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151:947-9. [PMID: 15491456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the current prevalence of syphilis in the general population of South Korea and its trend over the past 20 years. METHODS 15,402 adults, who all were aged over 20 (6888 blood donors, 4951 physical examinees, and 3563 pregnant women) were examined from January 1999 to December 2000. All subjects were screened using a VDRL test, and positive results were confirmed by a FTA-ABS test. The prevalence was compared with the results of previous surveys in similar population groups performed by same authors. RESULTS The prevalence of syphilis in South Korea was found to be 0.2%. Although has been consistent decreasing trend since 1977 (p<0.0001), there is no statistical difference between 1995 and 2000 (p=0.6992). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of syphilis has decreased significantly since 1977. However, it has not reduced much since 1995, and it seems that the prevalence has reached a plateau. Until now, not all syphilis patients were registered and followed up by the public health centres because there were so many syphilis patients. However, as this survey shows, the number of syphilis patients has reduced a great deal and it is believed that a more thorough management strategy including all newly diagnosed patients is necessary in order to further reduce the prevalence of syphilis in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The highly conserved encapsidation signal (epsilon) of hepatitis B viral (HBV) pregenomic RNA has been reported as an essential component for encapsidation and protein priming of HBV polymerase. Here, we report that two HBV epsilon RNA-binding host proteins (80 and 43 kDa) and a copurifying protein (100 kDa) were purified and characterized by the combined methods of UV cross-linking analysis with the epsilon RNA and column chromatography. Amino-terminal microsequencing showed that 80- and 43-kDa proteins were identified as the heterodimeric nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF90/NF45) and 100 kDa as a molecular chaperone, the GRP94. The heterodimeric factor interacted preferentially with the upper-bulge region of HBV epsilon RNA helping the HBV polymerase bind the lower-bulge region. Using in vitro protein priming analysis, the initial oligonucleotide of the protein-priming product was deduced as 5'-GAAC-3', which is the complementary sequence of both regions of DR1 and epsilon in the pregenomic RNA. Previously, we also proposed that the GRP94 was associated with HBV polymerase in the human liver cell HepG2. These results suggest that the heterodimeric factor plays an important role in the priming activity of HBV polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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Hwang HY, Park JH, Park TS, Lee JM, Cho YH, Byun JI, Choi O, Jun JS, Lee MH, Lee CW. Development of MCTS technique for 3-PM liquid scintillation counting. Appl Radiat Isot 2002; 56:307-13. [PMID: 11839033 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(01)00206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a multi-channel time scaling method that is suitable for activity measurement of beta emitting nuclides by means of 3-PM Liquid Scintillation Counting, using non-extending dead times and linear amplifiers. Since it enables to obtain the accidental coincidences directly, the true values for both double and triple coincidences are determined by simply taking into account the correction due to dead times. The advantages of the method are demonstrated by studying the activity of 204Tl and 14C. The measured results were compared with those derived by using the mathematical formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Hwang
- Mokwon University, Daejon, South Korea.
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Shimada T, Kurushima H, Cho YH, Hayashi T. Preparation of enantiomerically pure 2'-substituted 2-diphenylphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyls by reductive cleavage of the carbon-phosphorus bond in a borane complex of 2-diphenylphosphino-2'-diphenylphosphinyl-1,1'-binaphthyl. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8854-8. [PMID: 11749615 DOI: 10.1021/jo010691x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of (S)-2'-boranatodiphenylphosphino-2-diphenylphosphinyl-1,1'-binaphthyl (3, borane complex of BINAP monoxide) with an excess of n-butyllithium in THF at -78 degrees C brought about a selective cleavage of the carbon-phosphorus bond between the binaphthyl and diphenylphosphinyl groups to generate the binaphthyllithium 14, the treatment of which with electrophiles MeOD, I(2), and ClSnMe(3) gave, after removal of the borane, the corresponding 2'-substituted 2-diphenylphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyls (E-MOP 9: E = D, I, SnMe(3)), without loss of the enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Abstract
A 40-year-old, phenotypically normal woman, with a history of two repeated abortions and no child, had two additional, small, bisatellited, and apparently metacentric chromosomes. Various banding and microsatellite analyses indicated that the additional chromosomes were inv dup(15)(q11q11) without the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndromes critical region, and therefore without phenotypic effects. Her father had a single, identical additional inv dup(15) chromosome. Her husband was chromosomally normal, but sperm analysis indicated a reduced motility and a reduced frequency of morphologically normal sperm. In view of these findings, it was deduced that the inv dup(15) chromosome in the father was transmitted in duplicate to the woman. Individuals with two additional inv dup(15) chromosomes in the literature were reviewed, and possible correlation of the two additional inv dup(15) chromosomes in the woman and her repeated abortions was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Shim
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Wang PH, Chao HT, Liu RS, Cho YH, Ng HT, Yuan CC. Diagnosis and localization of testosterone-producing ovarian tumors: imaging or biochemical evaluation. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 83:596-8. [PMID: 11733978 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor (TSOT), the role of whole-body positron emission tomography (WBPET) with (fluorine-18)-2-deoxyglucose scanning (FDG) and/or [(11)C]acetate is unclear, although it presents a rationale that these functional tumors would be more active and have increased use of glucose and oxygen consumption than normal tissues. CASE A 52-year-old woman had a history of steroid cell tumors of the right ovary (IIA) and she received staging surgery including total hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, and lymph node sampling. Reelevated serum levels of T (5.24 ng/ml) were noted 52 months later. The patient received serial preoperative examinations including WBPET with FDG and acetate, ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate her recurrence. A suspicious mass on the liver was found on ultrasound, CT, and MRI. The ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed three times, and each of them failed to provide any pathological confirmation. Functional imaging studies showed an abnormal uptake in WBPET using [(11)C]acetate but were negative using FDG. Because of the size of the tumor, the patient's hesitatancy toward an operation, and good previous response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment, the patient received a six-cycle GnRH agonist treatment. Serum T levels returned to normal limits after administration of the first dose of GnRH agonist. At follow-up, serum hormone levels were all within the normal ranges consistent with menopause, but the size of the metastatic tumor was constant. The tumor was then completely excised pathologically proven to be a metastatic TSOT. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent TSOT might be successfully detected using WBPET with [(11)C]acetate. In addition, GnRH agonist could be tried in patients with TSOT if initial responses were excellent and surgical intervention could not be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
A gene (sigB) encoding an alternative sigma factor sigmaB in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was isolated and characterized. It encodes a polypeptide of 281 amino acids (31 546 Da) and is highly homologous to Bacillus subtilis sigmaB. The sigB coding region is preceded by four open reading frames (ORFs): dpsA, orfA, rsbB and rsbA in sequential order. RNA analyses revealed that rsbB, rsbA and sigB constitute an operon (sigB operon). Transcripts were produced constitutively from a promoter (sigBp2) upstream of the rsbB coding region, contributing to the basal level expression of sigmaB protein. An inducible promoter (sigBp1) resembling the catB promoter (catBp) was located between the rsbA and sigB coding regions. Transcripts from sigBp1 dramatically increased as cells differentiated on solid media, at the stationary phase in liquid media or by osmotic stresses similar to the behaviour of catBp transcripts. Both catBp and sigBp1 promoters were recognized specifically by sigmaB-containing RNA polymerase in vitro. Disruption of the sigB gene abolished not only the differentiation-associated expression but also the osmotic induction of the catB gene, indicating that catBp is under the control of sigmaB. The sigB mutant exhibited a similar phenotype to the catB mutant, being sensitive to hyperosmolarity, blocked in forming aerial mycelium and with skewed antibiotic production. Therefore, we conclude that sigmaB ensures the proper differentiation and osmoprotection of S. coelicolor cells, primarily via regulation of the expression of catalase B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of alkaline pH conditions of dishwashing liquids on hand skin of Korean panelists after repeated exposure. A group of 30 persons with normal hands immersed their hands, for a total of 15 min a day for 4 days, into household cleansing solutions adjusted to pH 7.4, 10.0 and 10.8, respectively. The effects of alkalinity of household cleansing solutions on hand skin were evaluated by measuring overall and dry hand-skin grades, as well as the degrees of hand-skin hydration estimated before and after the repeated immersion exposures to the 3 test products. No statistically-significant difference (p>0.05) was found among the parameters from the repeated immersion exposures to the test products. These findings indicate that increases of pH up to 10.8 of household cleansing solutions did not worsen either overall, dry hand-skin conditions or the level of hand-skin hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Park
- Quality Assessment Center, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Seoul 156-050, Korea
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Sun YW, Heo EP, Cho YH, Bark KM, Yoon TJ, Kim TH. Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin increase UVA-induced edema and immune suppression. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2001; 17:172-7. [PMID: 11499539 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0781.2001.170406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinolone antibiotics are popularly prescribed antibiotics because of their wide antibacterial spectrum and lowered bacterial resistance. Quinolone antibiotics are one of the well-known photosensitizers that induce phototoxicity. Their role in photocarcinogenesis has been suggested in some studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were treated with two quinolone antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, which is less phototoxic, and pefloxacin, which is more phototoxic) to study the effect of the antibiotics on sunburn and immune suppression by ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. The effects of a combined treatment with UVA and these quinolone antibiotics were measured on back skin swellings, sunburn cell formations, depletion of epidermal Langerhans cells, and local and systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity. RESULTS Mice treated with both UVA and quinolone showed significantly increased back skin swellings and decreased epidermal Langerhans cells than mice treated with UVA only. Sunburn cells were increased significantly in mice treated with pefloxacin and 50 J/cm2 of UVA. Combination of pefloxacin and UVA suppressed local contact hypersensitivity significantly, but not systemic contact hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION Phototoxic quinolones augmented the effect of UVA by increasing sunburn and apoptosis, depleting Langerhans cells and suppressing local immune response. By affecting apoptosis and immune suppression, they may facilitate photocarcinogenesis caused by UVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Sun
- Department of Dermatology, College of Teaching, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea
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Connolly K, Cho YH, Duan R, Fikes J, Gregorio T, LaFleur DW, Okoye Z, Salcedo TW, Santiago G, Ullrich S, Wei P, Windle K, Wong E, Yao XT, Zhang YQ, Zheng G, Moore PA. In vivo inhibition of Fas ligand-mediated killing by TR6, a Fas ligand decoy receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 298:25-33. [PMID: 11408521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TR6, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, has recently been shown to bind to Fas ligand (FasL) and inhibit FasL-mediated cell killing in vitro. In the current study, we demonstrate that TR6 can block the lethal activity of FasL in multiple in vitro systems, and extend this finding to an in vivo model of hepatitis. The binding of human TR6 to human FasL was verified with BIAcore chip technology. Human primary hepatocytes, HT-29 cells and Jurkat cells were assayed for viability to demonstrate TR6 inhibition of FasL-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Human TR6 was also shown to cross-react with membrane-bound mouse FasL, since the in vitro cytotoxic activity of L929 cells transfected with murine FasL was inhibited in the presence of human TR6. In vivo, FasL-induced acute, lethal, fulminant hepatic apoptosis resulting in death within 2 h of intravenous injection into Fas+ mice, but not Fas- MRL/lpr mice. Pretreatment of mice with TR6 blocked FasL-induced mortality, presumably by attenuating FasL-induced hepatic apoptosis. Thus, in both in vitro and in vivo systems, TR6 acts as a functional FasL decoy receptor and may be clinically useful in the treatment of hepatitis and other diseases associated with FasL-mediated tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Connolly
- Human Genome Sciences Inc., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
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Zhang J, Salcedo TW, Wan X, Ullrich S, Hu B, Gregorio T, Feng P, Qi S, Chen H, Cho YH, Li Y, Moore PA, Wu J. Modulation of T-cell responses to alloantigens by TR6/DcR3. J Clin Invest 2001; 107:1459-68. [PMID: 11390428 PMCID: PMC209323 DOI: 10.1172/jci12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
TR6 (DcR3) is a new member of the TNF receptor (TNFR) family that lacks a transmembrane domain in its sequence, indicating that it is a secreted molecule. TR6 can bind to FasL and prevent FasL-induced apoptosis; it can also associate with LIGHT, another TNF family member. The role of TR6 in immune responses was investigated in this study. According to flow cytometry, recombinant human TR6-Fc binds to human LIGHT expressed on 293 cells or on activated human T cells and competes with the LIGHT receptor TR2 for the binding to LIGHT on these cells. Human TR6 could cross-react with mouse LIGHT in immunoprecipitation. TR6-Fc also downregulates cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in vitro and graft-versus-host responses in mice. Moreover, TR6-Fc modulates lymphokine production by alloantigen-stimulated mouse T cells. TR6-Fc ameliorated rejection response to mouse heart allograft. These results indicate that TR6 can dampen T-cell responses to alloantigens. Such regulatory effects of TR6 probably occur via interference with interaction between pairs of related TNF and TNFR family members, LIGHT/TR2 being one of the possible candidate pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Human Genome Sciences Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA.
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